[FIX] payment_stripe: do not rely on token email
[FIX] payment_stripe: do not rely on token email

Depending on the payment flow, the `email` field may not always be
present in the token data coming from Stripe.
Currently, it is missing in s2s mode, because we do not send it.

To avoid a KeyError during creation of the customer, we can use
token["card"]["name"] instead, which is always provided (it contains
either email or cardholder name), or the explicit ` description`,
when provided.

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