net: Log to net category for exceptions in ProcessMessages
net: Log to net category for exceptions in ProcessMessages

Remove the forest of special exceptions, and simply log a short
message to the NET logging category when an exception happens during
packet processing. It is not good to panick end users with errors
that any peer can generate (let alone writing to stderr).

Github-Pull: #17762
Rebased-From: 4d88c3dcb61e7c075ed3dd442044e0eff4e3c8de

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