Strip tags from user agent.
Strip tags from user agent.

rarila/bolt,GawainLynch/bolt,rarila/bolt,GawainLynch/bolt,joshuan/bolt,romulo1984/bolt,cdowdy/bolt,CarsonF/bolt,Raistlfiren/bolt,lenvanessen/bolt,lenvanessen/bolt,Raistlfiren/bolt,GawainLynch/bolt,electrolinux/bolt,Intendit/bolt,rarila/bolt,romulo1984/bolt,Intendit/bolt,joshuan/bolt,HonzaMikula/masivnipostele,Raistlfiren/bolt,Raistlfiren/bolt,bolt/bolt,electrolinux/bolt,nikgo/bolt,lenvanessen/bolt,nikgo/bolt,cdowdy/bolt,HonzaMikula/masivnipostele,HonzaMikula/masivnipostele,nikgo/bolt,joshuan/bolt,Intendit/bolt,bolt/bolt,rarila/bolt,romulo1984/bolt,HonzaMikula/masivnipostele,Intendit/bolt,lenvanessen/bolt,CarsonF/bolt,joshuan/bolt,electrolinux/bolt,bolt/bolt,CarsonF/bolt,romulo1984/bolt,electrolinux/bolt,bolt/bolt,cdowdy/bolt,cdowdy/bolt,GawainLynch/bolt,CarsonF/bolt,nikgo/bolt