# Copyright (c) 2015-2017 Anish Athalye. Released under GPLv3.

import vgg

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np

from sys import stderr

from PIL import Image

CONTENT_LAYERS = ['relu4_2', 'relu5_2']
STYLE_LAYERS = ('relu1_1', 'relu2_1', 'relu3_1', 'relu4_1', 'relu5_1')

try:
    reduce
except NameError:
    from functools import reduce


def stylize(network, initial, initial_noiseblend, content, styles, preserve_colors, iterations,
        content_weight, content_weight_blend, lap_weight, lap_layers,
        style_weight, style_layer_weight_exp, style_blend_weights, tv_weight,
        learning_rate, beta1, beta2, epsilon, pooling,
        print_iterations=None, checkpoint_iterations=None):
    """
    Stylize images.

    This function yields tuples (iteration, image); `iteration` is None
    if this is the final image (the last iteration).  Other tuples are yielded
    every `checkpoint_iterations` iterations.

    :rtype: iterator[tuple[int|None,image]]
    """
    shape = (1,) + content.shape
    style_shapes = [(1,) + style.shape for style in styles]
    content_features = {}
    style_features = [{} for _ in styles]

    vgg_weights, vgg_mean_pixel = vgg.load_net(network)

    layer_weight = 1.0
    style_layers_weights = {}
    for style_layer in STYLE_LAYERS:
        style_layers_weights[style_layer] = layer_weight
        layer_weight *= style_layer_weight_exp

    # normalize style layer weights
    layer_weights_sum = 0
    for style_layer in STYLE_LAYERS:
        layer_weights_sum += style_layers_weights[style_layer]
    for style_layer in STYLE_LAYERS:
        style_layers_weights[style_layer] /= layer_weights_sum

    global CONTENT_LAYERS
    for lap_layer in lap_layers:
        CONTENT_LAYERS.append( 'lap'+lap_layer )

    # compute content features in feedforward mode
    g = tf.Graph()
    with g.as_default(), g.device('/cpu:0'), tf.Session() as sess:
        image = tf.placeholder('float', shape=shape)
        net = vgg.net_preloaded(vgg_weights, image, pooling)
        content_pre = np.array([vgg.preprocess(content, vgg_mean_pixel)])
        for layer in CONTENT_LAYERS:
            content_features[layer] = net[layer].eval(feed_dict={image: content_pre})

    if len(lap_layers) > 0:
        stderr.write('Lap layers: %s\n' %(', '.join(lap_layers)))

    # compute style features in feedforward mode
    for i in range(len(styles)):
        g = tf.Graph()
        with g.as_default(), g.device('/cpu:0'), tf.Session() as sess:
            image = tf.placeholder('float', shape=style_shapes[i])
            net = vgg.net_preloaded(vgg_weights, image, pooling)
            style_pre = np.array([vgg.preprocess(styles[i], vgg_mean_pixel)])
            for layer in STYLE_LAYERS:
                features = net[layer].eval(feed_dict={image: style_pre})
                features = np.reshape(features, (-1, features.shape[3]))
                gram = np.matmul(features.T, features) / features.size
                style_features[i][layer] = gram

    initial_content_noise_coeff = 1.0 - initial_noiseblend
    #content_weight_step = (content_weight_max - content_weight_min) * 1.0 / iterations
    #stderr.write('content weight step: %.2f\n' % content_weight_step) 
    
    # make stylized image using backpropogation
    with tf.Graph().as_default():
        if initial is None:
            noise = np.random.normal(size=shape, scale=np.std(content) * 0.1)
            initial = tf.random_normal(shape) * 0.256
        else:
            initial = np.array([vgg.preprocess(initial, vgg_mean_pixel)])
            initial = initial.astype('float32')
            noise = np.random.normal(size=shape, scale=np.std(content) * 0.1)
            initial = (initial) * initial_content_noise_coeff + (tf.random_normal(shape) * 0.256) * (1.0 - initial_content_noise_coeff)
        image = tf.Variable(initial)
        net = vgg.net_preloaded(vgg_weights, image, pooling)
        #content_weight = tf.constant(content_weight_max, dtype=tf.float32)

        # content loss
        content_layers_weights = {}
        content_layers_weights['relu4_2'] = content_weight_blend
        content_layers_weights['relu5_2'] = 1.0 - content_weight_blend
        
        content_loss = 0
        lap_loss = 0
        content_losses = []
        lap_losses = []
        
        for content_layer in CONTENT_LAYERS:
            if 'lap' in content_layer:
                loss = lap_weight * (2 * tf.nn.l2_loss( net[content_layer] - 
                         content_features[content_layer] ) /
                        content_features[content_layer].size )
                lap_losses.append(loss)
            else:
                weight = content_weight
                content_layer_weight = content_layers_weights[content_layer]
                loss = content_layer_weight * weight * (2 * tf.nn.l2_loss(
                        net[content_layer] - content_features[content_layer]) /
                        content_features[content_layer].size)
                content_losses.append(loss)
                    
        content_loss += reduce(tf.add, content_losses)
        lap_loss += reduce(tf.add, lap_losses)
        
        # style loss
        style_loss = 0
        for i in range(len(styles)):
            style_losses = []
            for style_layer in STYLE_LAYERS:
                layer = net[style_layer]
                _, height, width, number = map(lambda i: i.value, layer.get_shape())
                size = height * width * number
                feats = tf.reshape(layer, (-1, number))
                gram = tf.matmul(tf.transpose(feats), feats) / size
                style_gram = style_features[i][style_layer]
                style_losses.append(style_layers_weights[style_layer] * 2 * tf.nn.l2_loss(gram - style_gram) / style_gram.size)
            style_loss += style_weight * style_blend_weights[i] * reduce(tf.add, style_losses)

        # total variation denoising
        tv_y_size = _tensor_size(image[:,1:,:,:])
        tv_x_size = _tensor_size(image[:,:,1:,:])
        tv_loss = tv_weight * 2 * (
                (tf.nn.l2_loss(image[:,1:,:,:] - image[:,:shape[1]-1,:,:]) /
                    tv_y_size) +
                (tf.nn.l2_loss(image[:,:,1:,:] - image[:,:,:shape[2]-1,:]) /
                    tv_x_size))
        # overall loss
        loss = content_loss + style_loss + tv_loss + lap_loss

        # optimizer setup
        train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate, beta1, beta2, epsilon).minimize(loss)

        def print_progress():
            stderr.write('  content loss: %g\n' % content_loss.eval())
            #stderr.write('  content weight: %g\n' % content_weight.eval())
            stderr.write('  laplacian loss: %g\n' % lap_loss.eval())
            stderr.write('    style loss: %g\n' % style_loss.eval())
            stderr.write('       tv loss: %g\n' % tv_loss.eval())
            stderr.write('    total loss: %g\n' % loss.eval())

        # optimization
        best_loss = float('inf')
        best = None
        with tf.Session() as sess:
            sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
            stderr.write('Optimization started...\n')
            if (print_iterations and print_iterations != 0):
                print_progress()
            for i in range(iterations):
                stderr.write('Iteration %4d/%4d\n' % (i + 1, iterations))
                train_step.run()
                #content_weight = tf.constant( tf.add( content_weight, -content_weight_step ).eval() )

                last_step = (i == iterations - 1)
                if last_step or (print_iterations and i % print_iterations == 0):
                    print_progress()

                if (checkpoint_iterations and i % checkpoint_iterations == 0) or last_step:
                    this_loss = loss.eval()
                    if this_loss < best_loss:
                        best_loss = this_loss
                        best = image.eval()

                    img_out = vgg.unprocess(best.reshape(shape[1:]), vgg_mean_pixel)

                    if preserve_colors and preserve_colors == True:
                        original_image = np.clip(content, 0, 255)
                        styled_image = np.clip(img_out, 0, 255)

                        # Luminosity transfer steps:
                        # 1. Convert stylized RGB->grayscale accoriding to Rec.601 luma (0.299, 0.587, 0.114)
                        # 2. Convert stylized grayscale into YUV (YCbCr)
                        # 3. Convert original image into YUV (YCbCr)
                        # 4. Recombine (stylizedYUV.Y, originalYUV.U, originalYUV.V)
                        # 5. Convert recombined image from YUV back to RGB

                        # 1
                        styled_grayscale = rgb2gray(styled_image)
                        styled_grayscale_rgb = gray2rgb(styled_grayscale)

                        # 2
                        styled_grayscale_yuv = np.array(Image.fromarray(styled_grayscale_rgb.astype(np.uint8)).convert('YCbCr'))

                        # 3
                        original_yuv = np.array(Image.fromarray(original_image.astype(np.uint8)).convert('YCbCr'))

                        # 4
                        w, h, _ = original_image.shape
                        combined_yuv = np.empty((w, h, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
                        combined_yuv[..., 0] = styled_grayscale_yuv[..., 0]
                        combined_yuv[..., 1] = original_yuv[..., 1]
                        combined_yuv[..., 2] = original_yuv[..., 2]

                        # 5
                        img_out = np.array(Image.fromarray(combined_yuv, 'YCbCr').convert('RGB'))


                    yield (
                        (None if last_step else i),
                        img_out
                    )


def _tensor_size(tensor):
    from operator import mul
    return reduce(mul, (d.value for d in tensor.get_shape()), 1)

def rgb2gray(rgb):
    return np.dot(rgb[...,:3], [0.299, 0.587, 0.114])

def gray2rgb(gray):
    w, h = gray.shape
    rgb = np.empty((w, h, 3), dtype=np.float32)
    rgb[:, :, 2] = rgb[:, :, 1] = rgb[:, :, 0] = gray
    return rgb

def l1_loss(tensor):
    return tf.reduce_sum(tf.abs(tensor))
    