The development of some metabolic responses to hypoxia in the foetal sheep.
1. Foetal and maternal plasma metabolite and catecholamine concentrations have been measured in chronically catheterized sheep, 95-145 days pregnant. 2. With increasing gestational age there was rise in foetal plasma lactate, free fatty acid and ketone body concentration and in maternal plasma in free fatty acid and ketone body concentration. With the exception of alpha-amino nitrogen none of the plasma metabolites showed any correlation with foetal blood gas or pH values; alpha-amino N was inversely related to foetal blood pH. 3. Hypoxia in the foetuses was induced by causing the ewe to breathe 9% O2 with 3% CO2 in N2. This had a small effect on plasma metabolites in the ewe, mainly producing an increase in free fatty acid and ketone body concentration. 4. In the foetus hypoxia was associated with a large rise in plasma lactate and a small rise in alpha-amino N, the magnitudes of which did not change over the gestational range studied. Consistent and large increases in foetal plasma glucose, free fatty acid and ketone body concentration in response to hypoxia were seen only between 130 and 145 days. 5. In foetuses of 130-145 days the magnitude of the hypoxia-induced rise in plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentration was proportional to the plasma catecholamine concentration. 6. The concentration of acetate in foetal plasma was lower than and proportional to that in the maternal plasma. Neither concentration changed significantly during hypoxia. 7. The results are discussed in relation to the ability of the foetal sheep independently to control the concentration of its plasma metabolites and to mobilize its carbon stores at times of need. They indicate that in the sheep plasma catecholamines are important regulators of plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentrations late in foetal life.
The development of some metabolic responses to hypoxia in the foetal sheep. 1. Foetal and maternal plasma metabolite and catecholamine concentrations have been measured in chronically catheterized sheep, 95-145 days pregnant. 2. With increasing gestational age there was rise in foetal plasma lactate, free fatty acid and ketone body concentration and in maternal plasma in free fatty acid and ketone body concentration. With the exception of alpha-amino nitrogen none of the plasma metabolites showed any correlation with foetal blood gas or pH values; alpha-amino N was inversely related to foetal blood pH. 3. Hypoxia in the foetuses was induced by causing the ewe to breathe 9% O2 with 3% CO2 in N2. This had a small effect on plasma metabolites in the ewe, mainly producing an increase in free fatty acid and ketone body concentration. 4. In the foetus hypoxia was associated with a large rise in plasma lactate and a small rise in alpha-amino N, the magnitudes of which did not change over the gestational range studied. Consistent and large increases in foetal plasma glucose, free fatty acid and ketone body concentration in response to hypoxia were seen only between 130 and 145 days. 5. In foetuses of 130-145 days the magnitude of the hypoxia-induced rise in plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentration was proportional to the plasma catecholamine concentration. 6. The concentration of acetate in foetal plasma was lower than and proportional to that in the maternal plasma. Neither concentration changed significantly during hypoxia. 7. The results are discussed in relation to the ability of the foetal sheep independently to control the concentration of its plasma metabolites and to mobilize its carbon stores at times of need. They indicate that in the sheep plasma catecholamines are important regulators of plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentrations late in foetal life.