-> **Question**: How does Compositional Reasoning with Large Language Models works? 
**Answer**: Compositional reasoning with large language models refers to the ability of these models to correctly identify and represent complex concepts by breaking them down into smaller, more basic parts and combining them in a structured way. This involves understanding the syntax and semantics of language and using that understanding to build up more complex meanings from simpler ones. 
In the context of the paper "Does CLIP Bind Concepts? Probing Compositionality in Large Image Models", the authors focus specifically on the ability of a large pretrained vision and language model (CLIP) to encode compositional concepts and to bind variables in a structure-sensitive way. They examine CLIP's ability to compose concepts in a single-object setting, as well as in situations where concept binding is needed. 
The authors situate their work within the tradition of research on compositional distributional semantics models (CDSMs), which seek to bridge the gap between distributional models and formal semantics by building architectures which operate over vectors yet still obey traditional theories of linguistic composition. They compare the performance of CLIP with several architectures from research on CDSMs to evaluate its ability to encode and reason about compositional concepts. 
questions = [
    "What are Heat-bath random walks with Markov base? Include references to answer.",
] 
chat_history = []
for question in questions:  
    result = qa({"question": question, "chat_history": chat_history})
    chat_history.append((question, result['answer']))
    print(f"-> **Question**: {question} \n")
    print(f"**Answer**: {result['answer']} \n")
-> **Question**: What are Heat-bath random walks with Markov base? Include references to answer.
rtdocs_stable/api.python.langchain.com/en/stable/modules/indexes/retrievers/examples/arxiv.html