through similar actions:

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The closing of duplicative facilities and other site rationalization actions Company-wide, including research and development facilities, manufacturing plants, sales offices and other corporate facilities. Among the more significant actions are the following:

Manufacturing: After the acquisition of Wyeth, our manufacturing sites totaled 75. Other acquisitions have added 21 manufacturing sites and we have subsequently exited 12 sites, resulting in 84 sites supporting continuing operations as of December 31, 2012. Our plant network strategy will result in the exit of a further eight sites over the next several years. These site counts exclude five Nutrition business-related manufacturing sites as the Nutrition business was sold in 2012. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements— Note 2B. Acquisitions, Divestitures, Collaborative Arrangements and Equity-Method Investments: Divestitures for more information.

Research and Development: After the acquisition of Wyeth, we operated in 20 R&D sites and announced that we would close a number of sites. We have completed a number of site closures, including our Sandwich, U.K. research and development facility, except for a small presence. In addition, in 2011, we rationalized several other sites to reduce and optimize the overall R&D footprint. We disposed of our toxicology site in Catania, Italy; exited our R&D sites in Aberdeen and Gosport, U.K.; and disposed of a vacant site in

St. Louis, MO. We still maintain laboratories in St. Louis, MO, that focus on the areas of biologics and indications discovery. We are presently marketing for sale, lease or sale/lease-back, either a portion of or all of certain of our R&D campuses. Locations with R&D operations are in the U.S., Europe, Canada and China, with five major research sites in addition to a number of specialized units. We also re-prioritized our commitments to disease areas and have discontinued certain therapeutic areas and R&D programs as part of our R&D productivity initiative. In 2011 and 2012 our research has primarily focused on five high-priority areas that have a mix of small and large molecules—immunology and inflammation; oncology; cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; neuroscience and pain; and vaccines.

• Workforce reductions across all areas of our business and other organizational changes, primarily in the U.S. field force, manufacturing, R&D and corporate functions. We identified areas for a reduction in workforce across all of our businesses. In January 2009, when Pfizer and Wyeth entered into the merger agreement, the workforce of the two companies totaled approximately 130,000. We have exceeded our original target to reduce the combined Pfizer/Wyeth workforce 15%, or 19,500, within three years. By the end of 2011, we achieved a reduction of 26,300, and by the end of 2012, we achieved a reduction of 38,500. In 2012, the workforce declined by 12,200, from 103,700 to 91,500, primarily in manufacturing, R&D and corporate functions. The aforementioned workforce reductions include the impact of acquisitions and divestitures subsequent to the Wyeth acquisition.

• The increased use of shared