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( )Tj
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(March 2005 \225 )Tj
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19.6 0 0 19.6 264.116 715.0393 Tm
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(Volume 99)Tj
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( \225 )Tj
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368.427 712.217 m
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447.356 712.217 l
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| 175 |
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0 -1.2 TD
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(Disabilities to Control Her )Tj
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0 -1.2 TD
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(Favorite Stimuli Through )Tj
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T*
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(Vocalization and a Dual-)Tj
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(Microphone Microswitch)Tj
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/TT2 1 Tf
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19.6 0 0 19.6 152.2 451.1042 Tm
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(Giulio E. Lancioni, Nirbhay N. Singh, Mark F. )Tj
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0 -1.3 TD
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(O\222Reilly, Doretta Oliva, and Jop Groeneweg)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
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(Microswitches are critical tools that can help people )Tj
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T*
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(with multiple disabilities control aspects of their )Tj
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T*
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(environment, including their favorite environmental )Tj
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0 -1.3 TD
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(stimuli through simple responses \(Crawford & )Tj
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0 -1.3 TD
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(Schuster, 1993; Gutowski, 1996\). One such response )Tj
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T*
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(may be vocalization \(that is, any brief sound emission\) )Tj
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(\(Lancioni, O\222Reilly, Oliva, & Coppa, 2001\). Such a )Tj
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T*
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(response can be present in children who have little )Tj
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0 -1.3 TD
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(motor behavior and seems to be highly valued by staff )Tj
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T*
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(and parents, probably because it is closely linked to )Tj
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(verbalization or speech \(McCathren, Yoder, & Warren, )Tj
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(1999\).)Tj
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0 -2.399 TD
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(Two studies that were conducted to assess the )Tj
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(possibility of establishing vocalization with individuals )Tj
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9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
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(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(1 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
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(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
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(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
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12 36 117.2 730 re
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0 18 612 756 re
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/TT0 1 Tf
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18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 749.3222 Tm
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(with multiple disabilities \(Lancioni & Lems, 2001; )Tj
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0 -1.3 TD
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(Lancioni et al., 2001\) used an experimental )Tj
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T*
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(microswitch, consisting of a signal-detecting device )Tj
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0 -1.3 TD
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(connected to a throat microphone, to trigger preferred )Tj
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0 -1.3 TD
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(stimuli when vocalization was detected. A throat )Tj
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T*
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(microphone was used instead of an airborne )Tj
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| 282 |
-
T*
|
| 283 |
-
(microphone to avoid the impact of outside noise. The )Tj
|
| 284 |
-
T*
|
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(results were highly encouraging for all four )Tj
|
| 286 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 287 |
-
(participants in the two studies who increased their level )Tj
|
| 288 |
-
T*
|
| 289 |
-
(of vocalization.)Tj
|
| 290 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 291 |
-
(Despite these results, some weaknesses were later )Tj
|
| 292 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 293 |
-
(discovered with regard to the microswitch. )Tj
|
| 294 |
-
T*
|
| 295 |
-
(Specifically, it was observed that the microswitch )Tj
|
| 296 |
-
T*
|
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-
(could have false activations if children had heavily )Tj
|
| 298 |
-
T*
|
| 299 |
-
(congested tracheal areas, dropped their heads forward, )Tj
|
| 300 |
-
T*
|
| 301 |
-
(or showed dystonic head turning or movements )Tj
|
| 302 |
-
T*
|
| 303 |
-
(\(features that are likely in children who are blind or )Tj
|
| 304 |
-
T*
|
| 305 |
-
(have low vision and pervasive intellectual and motor )Tj
|
| 306 |
-
T*
|
| 307 |
-
(disabilities; see Lancioni et al., 2004\). False activations )Tj
|
| 308 |
-
T*
|
| 309 |
-
(can delay the association of a specific response with )Tj
|
| 310 |
-
T*
|
| 311 |
-
(specific environmental events, thus hindering a child\222s )Tj
|
| 312 |
-
T*
|
| 313 |
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(progress \(O\222Brien, Glenn, & Cunningham, 1994\).)Tj
|
| 314 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 315 |
-
(A possible solution to the problem of false activations )Tj
|
| 316 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 317 |
-
(was thought to be the use of a microswitch with a dual-)Tj
|
| 318 |
-
T*
|
| 319 |
-
(microphone arrangement \(a throat microphone and an )Tj
|
| 320 |
-
T*
|
| 321 |
-
(airborne microphone\). Activation of the microswitch )Tj
|
| 322 |
-
T*
|
| 323 |
-
(would require that both microphones were triggered )Tj
|
| 324 |
-
T*
|
| 325 |
-
(\(thus minimizing false positives that were due to the )Tj
|
| 326 |
-
T*
|
| 327 |
-
(child\222s tracheal condition or movements or to outside )Tj
|
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ET
|
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EMC
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/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
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(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(2 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
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EMC
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endstream
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(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
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(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
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ET
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EMC
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/WebCaptureBG BMC
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/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
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W* n
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Q
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10 179.893 592 280.582 re
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| 378 |
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EMC
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| 380 |
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0.8 0.6 0.4 rg
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EMC
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EMC
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EMC
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0 0 0 rg
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( | )Tj
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|
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305.877 741.456 m
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396.349 741.456 l
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0 0 0 rg
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( | )Tj
|
| 426 |
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ET
|
| 427 |
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539.51 741.456 l
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| 429 |
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(Blind. All rights reserved.)Tj
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( )Tj
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ET
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189.988 584.756 m
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|
| 450 |
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/TT2 1 Tf
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18.2 0 0 18.2 189.9882 587.3764 Tm
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(Search JVIB)Tj
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0 0 0 rg
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( | )Tj
|
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ET
|
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| 457 |
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407.333 584.756 l
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| 458 |
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|
| 459 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
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| 460 |
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|
| 461 |
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| 462 |
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(JVIB Policies)Tj
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( | )Tj
|
| 466 |
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|
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420.437 584.756 m
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| 468 |
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528.108 584.756 l
|
| 469 |
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S
|
| 470 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
|
| 471 |
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BT
|
| 472 |
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/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 473 |
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(Contact JVIB)Tj
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| 475 |
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( | )Tj
|
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ET
|
| 478 |
-
259.694 559.096 m
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| 479 |
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365.891 559.096 l
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| 480 |
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S
|
| 481 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
|
| 482 |
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BT
|
| 483 |
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|
| 484 |
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(Subscriptions)Tj
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( | )Tj
|
| 488 |
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ET
|
| 489 |
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378.995 559.096 m
|
| 490 |
-
471.506 559.096 l
|
| 491 |
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S
|
| 492 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
|
| 493 |
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BT
|
| 494 |
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/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 495 |
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18.2 0 0 18.2 378.9952 561.7164 Tm
|
| 496 |
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(JVIB Home)Tj
|
| 497 |
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0 0 0 rg
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| 498 |
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( )Tj
|
| 499 |
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/TT0 1 Tf
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| 500 |
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| 501 |
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(If you would like to give us feedback, please contact us )Tj
|
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(at )Tj
|
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ET
|
| 505 |
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315.942 489.836 m
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| 506 |
-
411.055 489.836 l
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| 507 |
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S
|
| 508 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
|
| 509 |
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BT
|
| 510 |
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/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 511 |
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([email protected])Tj
|
| 513 |
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0 0 0 rg
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(. )Tj
|
| 515 |
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ET
|
| 516 |
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EMC
|
| 517 |
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/Article <</MCID 1 >>BDC
|
| 518 |
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BT
|
| 519 |
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/TT0 1 Tf
|
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| 521 |
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( )Tj
|
| 522 |
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ET
|
| 523 |
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54.312 403.176 m
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| 524 |
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150.335 403.176 l
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| 525 |
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|
| 526 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
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BT
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| 528 |
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/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 529 |
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18.2 0 0 18.2 54.3122 405.797 Tm
|
| 530 |
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(www.afb.org)Tj
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( | )Tj
|
| 533 |
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163.075 403.176 m
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| 535 |
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376.398 403.176 l
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| 536 |
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| 537 |
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|
| 539 |
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18.2 0 0 18.2 163.0754 405.797 Tm
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( | )Tj
|
| 544 |
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ET
|
| 545 |
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389.138 403.176 m
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| 546 |
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470.528 403.176 l
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S
|
| 548 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
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| 549 |
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BT
|
| 550 |
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(Contact Us)Tj
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( | )Tj
|
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ET
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483.268 403.176 m
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| 557 |
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549.498 403.176 l
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153.884 343.234 l
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|
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/TT0 1 Tf
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( | )Tj
|
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ET
|
| 584 |
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166.624 343.234 m
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| 585 |
-
254.094 343.234 l
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| 586 |
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S
|
| 587 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
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| 588 |
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BT
|
| 589 |
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/TT0 1 Tf
|
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(Press Room)Tj
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0 0 0 rg
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( | )Tj
|
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ET
|
| 595 |
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266.834 343.234 m
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| 596 |
-
341.654 343.234 l
|
| 597 |
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S
|
| 598 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
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BT
|
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/TT0 1 Tf
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18.2 0 0 18.2 266.8336 345.8548 Tm
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(Bookstore)Tj
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0 0 0 rg
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( | )Tj
|
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ET
|
| 606 |
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354.394 343.234 m
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| 607 |
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406.955 343.234 l
|
| 608 |
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|
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-
0 0 0.8 rg
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BT
|
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/TT0 1 Tf
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18.2 0 0 18.2 354.3938 345.8548 Tm
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(Donate)Tj
|
| 614 |
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0 0 0 rg
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-
( | )Tj
|
| 616 |
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ET
|
| 617 |
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419.695 343.234 m
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| 618 |
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543.565 343.234 l
|
| 619 |
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|
| 620 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
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BT
|
| 622 |
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/TT0 1 Tf
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| 623 |
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18.2 0 0 18.2 419.6954 345.8548 Tm
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(Policy Statement)Tj
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( )Tj
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ET
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159.5 307.873 m
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| 630 |
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159.5 309.873 l
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| 631 |
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452.5 309.873 l
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| 632 |
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451.5 308.873 l
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| 633 |
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160.5 308.873 l
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| 634 |
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160.5 308.873 l
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| 635 |
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| 637 |
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0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
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| 639 |
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452.5 307.873 l
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| 640 |
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159.5 307.873 l
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| 641 |
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160.5 308.873 l
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451.5 308.873 l
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451.5 308.873 l
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| 644 |
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BT
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| 649 |
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18.2 0 0 18.2 42.4556 264.1342 Tm
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| 650 |
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(Please direct your comments and suggestions to )Tj
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| 651 |
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ET
|
| 652 |
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416.029 261.513 m
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| 653 |
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542.664 261.513 l
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| 654 |
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BT
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([email protected])Tj
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| 660 |
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0 0 0 rg
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( )Tj
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| 662 |
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| 663 |
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(Copyright \251 2005 American Foundation for the Blind. All rights )Tj
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11.931 -1.3 Td
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| 665 |
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(reserved.)Tj
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| 668 |
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( )Tj
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ET
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| 670 |
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EMC
|
| 671 |
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/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
|
| 672 |
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Q
|
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0 0 0 rg
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BT
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/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 676 |
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9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
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| 677 |
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(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(12 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
|
| 678 |
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ET
|
| 679 |
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EMC
|
| 680 |
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|
| 681 |
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endstream
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| 682 |
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/Artifact <</Attached [/Top ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 778 582 787 ]>>BDC
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0 i
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BT
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|
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0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
|
| 688 |
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(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
|
| 689 |
-
(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
|
| 690 |
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ET
|
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EMC
|
| 692 |
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/WebCaptureBG BMC
|
| 693 |
-
/WebCaptureFN <</L 0 >>BDC
|
| 694 |
-
q
|
| 695 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 696 |
-
W* n
|
| 697 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
|
| 698 |
-
Q
|
| 699 |
-
1 1 0.933 rg
|
| 700 |
-
10 18 602 756 re
|
| 701 |
-
f
|
| 702 |
-
EMC
|
| 703 |
-
q
|
| 704 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 705 |
-
W* n
|
| 706 |
-
/Artifact <</Type /Layout /BBox [12 36 129.2 766 ]>>BDC
|
| 707 |
-
Q
|
| 708 |
-
0.867 0.4 0.2 rg
|
| 709 |
-
12 36 117.2 730 re
|
| 710 |
-
f
|
| 711 |
-
EMC
|
| 712 |
-
EMC
|
| 713 |
-
EMC
|
| 714 |
-
/Article <</MCID 0 >>BDC
|
| 715 |
-
q
|
| 716 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 717 |
-
W* n
|
| 718 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 719 |
-
BT
|
| 720 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 721 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 749.3222 Tm
|
| 722 |
-
(noise\). The study presented here assessed such a new )Tj
|
| 723 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 724 |
-
(microswitch with a girl with minimal residual vision )Tj
|
| 725 |
-
T*
|
| 726 |
-
(and profound motor and intellectual disabilities, who )Tj
|
| 727 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 728 |
-
(showed a combination of tracheal congestion and )Tj
|
| 729 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 730 |
-
(unspecific or dystonic head movements. The girl\222s )Tj
|
| 731 |
-
T*
|
| 732 |
-
(activation of the microswitch \(by triggering both )Tj
|
| 733 |
-
T*
|
| 734 |
-
(microphones\) produced a brief period of her favorite )Tj
|
| 735 |
-
T*
|
| 736 |
-
(environmental stimuli.)Tj
|
| 737 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 738 |
-
21.7 0 0 21.7 152.2 536.5864 Tm
|
| 739 |
-
(Method)Tj
|
| 740 |
-
/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 741 |
-
19.6 0 0 19.6 152.2 493.634 Tm
|
| 742 |
-
(Participant)Tj
|
| 743 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 744 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 450.4822 Tm
|
| 745 |
-
(The girl, aged 8, was diagnosed with congenital )Tj
|
| 746 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 747 |
-
(cerebropathy, low vision \(caused by optic atrophy\) )Tj
|
| 748 |
-
T*
|
| 749 |
-
(with attention for light displays, extensive motor )Tj
|
| 750 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 751 |
-
(impairment, lack of speech, and profound intellectual )Tj
|
| 752 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 753 |
-
(disability. She was also diagnosed with epilepsy that )Tj
|
| 754 |
-
T*
|
| 755 |
-
(was partially controlled by medication \(sodium )Tj
|
| 756 |
-
T*
|
| 757 |
-
(valproate and carbamazepine\) and typically sat in a )Tj
|
| 758 |
-
T*
|
| 759 |
-
(wheelchair. Given her extremely serious condition, no )Tj
|
| 760 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 761 |
-
(specific responses had been established that she could )Tj
|
| 762 |
-
T*
|
| 763 |
-
(profitably use in her environment. The girl could emit )Tj
|
| 764 |
-
T*
|
| 765 |
-
(brief vocalization responses and could react with )Tj
|
| 766 |
-
T*
|
| 767 |
-
(smiles or other apparently positive facial expressions )Tj
|
| 768 |
-
T*
|
| 769 |
-
(\(such as alerting\) to environmental stimuli. She lived at )Tj
|
| 770 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 771 |
-
(home with her parents and attended some basic )Tj
|
| 772 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 773 |
-
(physiotherapy and stimulation sessions. Her parents )Tj
|
| 774 |
-
T*
|
| 775 |
-
(provided formal consent for the girl to participate in )Tj
|
| 776 |
-
T*
|
| 777 |
-
(this study.)Tj
|
| 778 |
-
ET
|
| 779 |
-
EMC
|
| 780 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
|
| 781 |
-
Q
|
| 782 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 783 |
-
BT
|
| 784 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 785 |
-
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
|
| 786 |
-
(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(3 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
|
| 787 |
-
ET
|
| 788 |
-
EMC
|
| 789 |
-
|
| 790 |
-
endstream
|
| 791 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 778 582 787 ]>>BDC
|
| 792 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 793 |
-
0 i
|
| 794 |
-
BT
|
| 795 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 796 |
-
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
|
| 797 |
-
(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
|
| 798 |
-
(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
|
| 799 |
-
ET
|
| 800 |
-
EMC
|
| 801 |
-
/WebCaptureBG BMC
|
| 802 |
-
/WebCaptureFN <</L 0 >>BDC
|
| 803 |
-
q
|
| 804 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 805 |
-
W* n
|
| 806 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
|
| 807 |
-
Q
|
| 808 |
-
1 1 0.933 rg
|
| 809 |
-
10 18 602 756 re
|
| 810 |
-
f
|
| 811 |
-
EMC
|
| 812 |
-
q
|
| 813 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 814 |
-
W* n
|
| 815 |
-
/Artifact <</Type /Layout /BBox [12 36 129.2 766 ]>>BDC
|
| 816 |
-
Q
|
| 817 |
-
0.867 0.4 0.2 rg
|
| 818 |
-
12 36 117.2 730 re
|
| 819 |
-
f
|
| 820 |
-
EMC
|
| 821 |
-
EMC
|
| 822 |
-
EMC
|
| 823 |
-
/Article <</MCID 0 >>BDC
|
| 824 |
-
q
|
| 825 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 826 |
-
W* n
|
| 827 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 828 |
-
BT
|
| 829 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 830 |
-
19.6 0 0 19.6 152.2 748.954 Tm
|
| 831 |
-
(Target response, microswitch, control system, )Tj
|
| 832 |
-
0 -1.2 TD
|
| 833 |
-
(and favorite stimuli)Tj
|
| 834 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 835 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 682.2822 Tm
|
| 836 |
-
(Vocalization was defined as any brief sound emission )Tj
|
| 837 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 838 |
-
(of 50 decibels \(dBs\) or higher. The microswitch that )Tj
|
| 839 |
-
T*
|
| 840 |
-
(was used for detecting such a response consisted of a )Tj
|
| 841 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 842 |
-
(battery-powered electronic unit 8 by 6 by 2 centimeters )Tj
|
| 843 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 844 |
-
(\(about 3 by 2 by .8 inches\) that was connected to a )Tj
|
| 845 |
-
T*
|
| 846 |
-
(throat microphone \(a piezo-electric sensor with a )Tj
|
| 847 |
-
T*
|
| 848 |
-
(diameter of 2.2 cm, or about 0.9 inch, and a thickness )Tj
|
| 849 |
-
T*
|
| 850 |
-
(of 0.5 cm, or about .02 inch\) that was kept at the girl\222s )Tj
|
| 851 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 852 |
-
(larynx with a light neckband, and an airborne )Tj
|
| 853 |
-
T*
|
| 854 |
-
(microphone that was placed on a table next to the girl\222s )Tj
|
| 855 |
-
T*
|
| 856 |
-
(face. Activation of the microswitch \(by triggering both )Tj
|
| 857 |
-
T*
|
| 858 |
-
(microphones\) turned on a battery-powered control )Tj
|
| 859 |
-
T*
|
| 860 |
-
(system that recorded the response and, during )Tj
|
| 861 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 862 |
-
(intervention, activated the girl\222s favorite stimuli for six )Tj
|
| 863 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 864 |
-
(seconds \(Lancioni et al., 2002\).)Tj
|
| 865 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 866 |
-
(Favorite stimuli \(that is, stimuli that were considered to )Tj
|
| 867 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 868 |
-
(be pleasant for the girl\) were selected through stimulus-)Tj
|
| 869 |
-
T*
|
| 870 |
-
(preference screening \(Crawford & Schuster, 1993\). )Tj
|
| 871 |
-
T*
|
| 872 |
-
(The screening covered multiple stimuli, each of which )Tj
|
| 873 |
-
T*
|
| 874 |
-
(was presented 15\22635 nonconsecutive times. Only the )Tj
|
| 875 |
-
T*
|
| 876 |
-
(stimuli that were followed by the girl\222s positive )Tj
|
| 877 |
-
T*
|
| 878 |
-
(reactions \(alerting, orienting, or smiling\) in 70% or )Tj
|
| 879 |
-
T*
|
| 880 |
-
(more of the presentations were selected. The stimuli )Tj
|
| 881 |
-
T*
|
| 882 |
-
(selected for the study included light displays, several )Tj
|
| 883 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 884 |
-
(types of music and songs, various kinds of noise, and )Tj
|
| 885 |
-
T*
|
| 886 |
-
(vibratory inputs.)Tj
|
| 887 |
-
ET
|
| 888 |
-
EMC
|
| 889 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
|
| 890 |
-
Q
|
| 891 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 892 |
-
BT
|
| 893 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 894 |
-
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
|
| 895 |
-
(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(4 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
|
| 896 |
-
ET
|
| 897 |
-
EMC
|
| 898 |
-
|
| 899 |
-
endstream
|
| 900 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 778 582 787 ]>>BDC
|
| 901 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 902 |
-
0 i
|
| 903 |
-
BT
|
| 904 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 905 |
-
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
|
| 906 |
-
(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
|
| 907 |
-
(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
|
| 908 |
-
ET
|
| 909 |
-
EMC
|
| 910 |
-
/WebCaptureBG BMC
|
| 911 |
-
/WebCaptureFN <</L 0 >>BDC
|
| 912 |
-
q
|
| 913 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 914 |
-
W* n
|
| 915 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
|
| 916 |
-
Q
|
| 917 |
-
1 1 0.933 rg
|
| 918 |
-
10 18 602 756 re
|
| 919 |
-
f
|
| 920 |
-
EMC
|
| 921 |
-
q
|
| 922 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 923 |
-
W* n
|
| 924 |
-
/Artifact <</Type /Layout /BBox [12 36 129.2 766 ]>>BDC
|
| 925 |
-
Q
|
| 926 |
-
0.867 0.4 0.2 rg
|
| 927 |
-
12 36 117.2 730 re
|
| 928 |
-
f
|
| 929 |
-
EMC
|
| 930 |
-
EMC
|
| 931 |
-
EMC
|
| 932 |
-
/Article <</MCID 0 >>BDC
|
| 933 |
-
q
|
| 934 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 935 |
-
W* n
|
| 936 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 937 |
-
BT
|
| 938 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 939 |
-
19.6 0 0 19.6 152.2 748.954 Tm
|
| 940 |
-
(Experimental conditions)Tj
|
| 941 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 942 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 705.8022 Tm
|
| 943 |
-
(The girl was observed during an ABAB sequence of )Tj
|
| 944 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 945 |
-
(sessions, in which A represented a baseline phase and )Tj
|
| 946 |
-
T*
|
| 947 |
-
(B represented an intervention phase \(Richards, Taylor, )Tj
|
| 948 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 949 |
-
(Ramasamy, & Richards, 1999\). A postintervention )Tj
|
| 950 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 951 |
-
(assessment was conducted two months after the second )Tj
|
| 952 |
-
T*
|
| 953 |
-
(intervention phase. Typically, eight or nine sessions )Tj
|
| 954 |
-
T*
|
| 955 |
-
(per day occurred within the study periods. Each session )Tj
|
| 956 |
-
T*
|
| 957 |
-
(lasted five minutes, and the girl\222s responses were )Tj
|
| 958 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 959 |
-
(recorded automatically through the control system. A )Tj
|
| 960 |
-
T*
|
| 961 |
-
(research assistant checked whether any response that )Tj
|
| 962 |
-
T*
|
| 963 |
-
(was recorded by the system and was followed by )Tj
|
| 964 |
-
T*
|
| 965 |
-
(favorite stimuli was a false positive \(that is, was due to )Tj
|
| 966 |
-
T*
|
| 967 |
-
(something other than the girl\222s vocalization\). A second )Tj
|
| 968 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 969 |
-
(research assistant checked the reliability of the )Tj
|
| 970 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 971 |
-
(recording of false positives over a total of 45 sessions )Tj
|
| 972 |
-
T*
|
| 973 |
-
(throughout the study. Interrater reliability was )Tj
|
| 974 |
-
T*
|
| 975 |
-
(computed for groups of five sessions, each divided into )Tj
|
| 976 |
-
T*
|
| 977 |
-
(five intervals of one minute. Agreements \(that is, one-)Tj
|
| 978 |
-
T*
|
| 979 |
-
(minute intervals for which the research assistants )Tj
|
| 980 |
-
T*
|
| 981 |
-
(reported the same number of false positives, which )Tj
|
| 982 |
-
T*
|
| 983 |
-
(could also be zero\) were divided by the total number of )Tj
|
| 984 |
-
T*
|
| 985 |
-
(one-minute intervals that were observed and were )Tj
|
| 986 |
-
T*
|
| 987 |
-
(multiplied by 100. The mean reliability was 97%, with )Tj
|
| 988 |
-
T*
|
| 989 |
-
(a range of 92% to 100%.)Tj
|
| 990 |
-
/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 991 |
-
0 -2.353 TD
|
| 992 |
-
(Baseline phases.)Tj
|
| 993 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 994 |
-
0 -2.345 TD
|
| 995 |
-
(The two baseline phases included 14 and 9 sessions, )Tj
|
| 996 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 997 |
-
(respectively. The microswitch and control system were )Tj
|
| 998 |
-
ET
|
| 999 |
-
EMC
|
| 1000 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
|
| 1001 |
-
Q
|
| 1002 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1003 |
-
BT
|
| 1004 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1005 |
-
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
|
| 1006 |
-
(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(5 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
|
| 1007 |
-
ET
|
| 1008 |
-
EMC
|
| 1009 |
-
|
| 1010 |
-
endstream
|
| 1011 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 778 582 787 ]>>BDC
|
| 1012 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1013 |
-
0 i
|
| 1014 |
-
BT
|
| 1015 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1016 |
-
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
|
| 1017 |
-
(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
|
| 1018 |
-
(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
|
| 1019 |
-
ET
|
| 1020 |
-
EMC
|
| 1021 |
-
/WebCaptureBG BMC
|
| 1022 |
-
/WebCaptureFN <</L 0 >>BDC
|
| 1023 |
-
q
|
| 1024 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1025 |
-
W* n
|
| 1026 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
|
| 1027 |
-
Q
|
| 1028 |
-
1 1 0.933 rg
|
| 1029 |
-
10 18 602 756 re
|
| 1030 |
-
f
|
| 1031 |
-
EMC
|
| 1032 |
-
q
|
| 1033 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1034 |
-
W* n
|
| 1035 |
-
/Artifact <</Type /Layout /BBox [12 36 129.2 766 ]>>BDC
|
| 1036 |
-
Q
|
| 1037 |
-
0.867 0.4 0.2 rg
|
| 1038 |
-
12 36 117.2 730 re
|
| 1039 |
-
f
|
| 1040 |
-
EMC
|
| 1041 |
-
EMC
|
| 1042 |
-
EMC
|
| 1043 |
-
/Article <</MCID 0 >>BDC
|
| 1044 |
-
q
|
| 1045 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1046 |
-
W* n
|
| 1047 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1048 |
-
BT
|
| 1049 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1050 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 749.3222 Tm
|
| 1051 |
-
(available, but microswitch activation did not produce )Tj
|
| 1052 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1053 |
-
(the occurrence of favorite stimuli. At the start of the )Tj
|
| 1054 |
-
T*
|
| 1055 |
-
(sessions, the girl was prompted to respond \(by talking )Tj
|
| 1056 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1057 |
-
(or making noise at her ear\). The prompt was repeated )Tj
|
| 1058 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1059 |
-
(during the sessions after periods of nonresponse of )Tj
|
| 1060 |
-
T*
|
| 1061 |
-
(about one minute.)Tj
|
| 1062 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1063 |
-
0 -2.353 TD
|
| 1064 |
-
(Intervention phases.)Tj
|
| 1065 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1066 |
-
0 -2.345 TD
|
| 1067 |
-
(The two intervention phases included 81 and 86 )Tj
|
| 1068 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1069 |
-
(sessions, respectively. The procedural conditions were )Tj
|
| 1070 |
-
T*
|
| 1071 |
-
(the same as during the baseline phases except that )Tj
|
| 1072 |
-
T*
|
| 1073 |
-
(activation of the microswitch produced the occurrence )Tj
|
| 1074 |
-
T*
|
| 1075 |
-
(of favorite stimuli. A new activation occurring while )Tj
|
| 1076 |
-
T*
|
| 1077 |
-
(the previous one was still being followed by the )Tj
|
| 1078 |
-
T*
|
| 1079 |
-
(preferred stimuli \(that is, within the six-second interval )Tj
|
| 1080 |
-
T*
|
| 1081 |
-
(in which the stimuli were on\) was not recorded and did )Tj
|
| 1082 |
-
T*
|
| 1083 |
-
(not cause the presentation of an additional stimulus )Tj
|
| 1084 |
-
T*
|
| 1085 |
-
(\(Lancioni & Lems, 2001\).)Tj
|
| 1086 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1087 |
-
0 -2.353 TD
|
| 1088 |
-
(Postintervention assessment.)Tj
|
| 1089 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1090 |
-
0 -2.345 TD
|
| 1091 |
-
(After the end of the second intervention phase, sessions )Tj
|
| 1092 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1093 |
-
(that were comparable to those that occurred during the )Tj
|
| 1094 |
-
T*
|
| 1095 |
-
(intervention continued to be held. Twenty of these )Tj
|
| 1096 |
-
T*
|
| 1097 |
-
(sessions \(carried out two months after the end of the )Tj
|
| 1098 |
-
T*
|
| 1099 |
-
(second intervention phase\) served as the )Tj
|
| 1100 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1101 |
-
(postintervention assessment.)Tj
|
| 1102 |
-
/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 1103 |
-
21.7 0 0 21.7 152.2 81.6664 Tm
|
| 1104 |
-
(Results)Tj
|
| 1105 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1106 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 39.0822 Tm
|
| 1107 |
-
(During the first baseline phase \(14 sessions\), the girl )Tj
|
| 1108 |
-
ET
|
| 1109 |
-
EMC
|
| 1110 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
|
| 1111 |
-
Q
|
| 1112 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1113 |
-
BT
|
| 1114 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1115 |
-
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
|
| 1116 |
-
(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(6 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
|
| 1117 |
-
ET
|
| 1118 |
-
EMC
|
| 1119 |
-
|
| 1120 |
-
endstream
|
| 1121 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 778 582 787 ]>>BDC
|
| 1122 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1123 |
-
0 i
|
| 1124 |
-
BT
|
| 1125 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1126 |
-
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
|
| 1127 |
-
(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
|
| 1128 |
-
(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
|
| 1129 |
-
ET
|
| 1130 |
-
EMC
|
| 1131 |
-
/WebCaptureBG BMC
|
| 1132 |
-
/WebCaptureFN <</L 0 >>BDC
|
| 1133 |
-
q
|
| 1134 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1135 |
-
W* n
|
| 1136 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
|
| 1137 |
-
Q
|
| 1138 |
-
1 1 0.933 rg
|
| 1139 |
-
10 18 602 756 re
|
| 1140 |
-
f
|
| 1141 |
-
EMC
|
| 1142 |
-
q
|
| 1143 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1144 |
-
W* n
|
| 1145 |
-
/Artifact <</Type /Layout /BBox [12 36 129.2 766 ]>>BDC
|
| 1146 |
-
Q
|
| 1147 |
-
0.867 0.4 0.2 rg
|
| 1148 |
-
12 36 117.2 730 re
|
| 1149 |
-
f
|
| 1150 |
-
EMC
|
| 1151 |
-
EMC
|
| 1152 |
-
EMC
|
| 1153 |
-
/Article <</MCID 0 >>BDC
|
| 1154 |
-
q
|
| 1155 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1156 |
-
W* n
|
| 1157 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1158 |
-
BT
|
| 1159 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1160 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 745.4222 Tm
|
| 1161 |
-
(had a mean frequency of about 6 independent )Tj
|
| 1162 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1163 |
-
(responses per session \(see )Tj
|
| 1164 |
-
ET
|
| 1165 |
-
0 0 0.8 RG
|
| 1166 |
-
0.874 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
|
| 1167 |
-
346.285 719.141 m
|
| 1168 |
-
407.455 719.141 l
|
| 1169 |
-
S
|
| 1170 |
-
0 0 0.8 rg
|
| 1171 |
-
BT
|
| 1172 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1173 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 346.2848 721.7622 Tm
|
| 1174 |
-
(Figure 1)Tj
|
| 1175 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1176 |
-
(\). During the first )Tj
|
| 1177 |
-
-10.664 -1.41 Td
|
| 1178 |
-
(intervention phase \(81 sessions\), the mean frequency )Tj
|
| 1179 |
-
T*
|
| 1180 |
-
(increased to about 17 independent responses per )Tj
|
| 1181 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1182 |
-
(session. This frequency dropped to about half during )Tj
|
| 1183 |
-
T*
|
| 1184 |
-
(the second baseline phase \(9 sessions\) and increased to )Tj
|
| 1185 |
-
T*
|
| 1186 |
-
(a mean of over 19 per session during the second )Tj
|
| 1187 |
-
T*
|
| 1188 |
-
(intervention phase \(86 sessions\). The intervention )Tj
|
| 1189 |
-
T*
|
| 1190 |
-
(frequencies were maintained at the postintervention )Tj
|
| 1191 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1192 |
-
(assessment \(20 sessions\). The differences between the )Tj
|
| 1193 |
-
T*
|
| 1194 |
-
(baseline responding frequencies and the intervention )Tj
|
| 1195 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1196 |
-
(and postintervention frequencies were significant \()Tj
|
| 1197 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1198 |
-
(p)Tj
|
| 1199 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1200 |
-
( )Tj
|
| 1201 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1202 |
-
(< .01\) according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test )Tj
|
| 1203 |
-
T*
|
| 1204 |
-
(\(Siegel & Castellan, 1988\). Of the responses that were )Tj
|
| 1205 |
-
T*
|
| 1206 |
-
(recorded, only about 5% appeared to be false positives.)Tj
|
| 1207 |
-
/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 1208 |
-
21.7 0 0 21.7 152.2 365.0153 Tm
|
| 1209 |
-
(Discussion)Tj
|
| 1210 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1211 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 322.431 Tm
|
| 1212 |
-
(These data show that the girl learned to use )Tj
|
| 1213 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1214 |
-
(vocalization to increase environmental stimulation )Tj
|
| 1215 |
-
T*
|
| 1216 |
-
(effectively and that the new microswitch kept false )Tj
|
| 1217 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1218 |
-
(positive responses to a low level. This evidence )Tj
|
| 1219 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1220 |
-
(supports the notion that vocalization may be a reliable )Tj
|
| 1221 |
-
T*
|
| 1222 |
-
(and useful response for people with profound visual, )Tj
|
| 1223 |
-
T*
|
| 1224 |
-
(motor, and intellectual disabilities and underlines the )Tj
|
| 1225 |
-
T*
|
| 1226 |
-
(relevance of the new microswitch \(see Lancioni et al., )Tj
|
| 1227 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1228 |
-
(2001; Richards et al., 1999\). Indeed, this microswitch )Tj
|
| 1229 |
-
T*
|
| 1230 |
-
(may allow the use of vocalization with individuals with )Tj
|
| 1231 |
-
T*
|
| 1232 |
-
(bronchotracheal congestion and dystonic movements )Tj
|
| 1233 |
-
T*
|
| 1234 |
-
(of the head. For some of these individuals, vocalization )Tj
|
| 1235 |
-
T*
|
| 1236 |
-
(may be the only response available to learn to control )Tj
|
| 1237 |
-
ET
|
| 1238 |
-
EMC
|
| 1239 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
|
| 1240 |
-
Q
|
| 1241 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1242 |
-
BT
|
| 1243 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1244 |
-
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
|
| 1245 |
-
(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(7 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
|
| 1246 |
-
ET
|
| 1247 |
-
EMC
|
| 1248 |
-
|
| 1249 |
-
endstream
|
| 1250 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 778 582 787 ]>>BDC
|
| 1251 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1252 |
-
0 i
|
| 1253 |
-
BT
|
| 1254 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1255 |
-
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
|
| 1256 |
-
(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
|
| 1257 |
-
(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
|
| 1258 |
-
ET
|
| 1259 |
-
EMC
|
| 1260 |
-
/WebCaptureBG BMC
|
| 1261 |
-
/WebCaptureFN <</L 0 >>BDC
|
| 1262 |
-
q
|
| 1263 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1264 |
-
W* n
|
| 1265 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
|
| 1266 |
-
Q
|
| 1267 |
-
1 1 0.933 rg
|
| 1268 |
-
10 18 602 756 re
|
| 1269 |
-
f
|
| 1270 |
-
EMC
|
| 1271 |
-
q
|
| 1272 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1273 |
-
W* n
|
| 1274 |
-
/Artifact <</Type /Layout /BBox [12 36 129.2 766 ]>>BDC
|
| 1275 |
-
Q
|
| 1276 |
-
0.867 0.4 0.2 rg
|
| 1277 |
-
12 36 117.2 730 re
|
| 1278 |
-
f
|
| 1279 |
-
EMC
|
| 1280 |
-
EMC
|
| 1281 |
-
EMC
|
| 1282 |
-
/Article <</MCID 0 >>BDC
|
| 1283 |
-
q
|
| 1284 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1285 |
-
W* n
|
| 1286 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1287 |
-
BT
|
| 1288 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1289 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 744.8511 Tm
|
| 1290 |
-
(environmental stimuli and make some recognizable )Tj
|
| 1291 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1292 |
-
(progress in development and, possibly, in the quality of )Tj
|
| 1293 |
-
T*
|
| 1294 |
-
(their lives \(Felce & Perry, 1995; Holburn, Nguyen, & )Tj
|
| 1295 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1296 |
-
(Vietze, 2004; Schalock et al., 2002; Watson, Hayes, & )Tj
|
| 1297 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1298 |
-
(Vietze, 1982\).)Tj
|
| 1299 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1300 |
-
(In spite of the encouraging results, general conclusions )Tj
|
| 1301 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1302 |
-
(cannot be drawn because the research is still at a )Tj
|
| 1303 |
-
T*
|
| 1304 |
-
(preliminary stage \(Green & Reid, 1994; Kazdin, 2001\). )Tj
|
| 1305 |
-
T*
|
| 1306 |
-
(New studies will need to extend the assessment of this )Tj
|
| 1307 |
-
T*
|
| 1308 |
-
(response-microswitch combination with other persons )Tj
|
| 1309 |
-
T*
|
| 1310 |
-
(with profound multiple disabilities, to determine the )Tj
|
| 1311 |
-
T*
|
| 1312 |
-
(overall applicability of the combination and the )Tj
|
| 1313 |
-
T*
|
| 1314 |
-
(generality of the findings, and to identify ways of )Tj
|
| 1315 |
-
T*
|
| 1316 |
-
(reducing the cost of the present microswitch \(which is )Tj
|
| 1317 |
-
T*
|
| 1318 |
-
(about $200\), to make it more affordable in educational )Tj
|
| 1319 |
-
T*
|
| 1320 |
-
(and home settings.)Tj
|
| 1321 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1322 |
-
21.7 0 0 21.7 152.2 322.8353 Tm
|
| 1323 |
-
(References)Tj
|
| 1324 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1325 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 162.2 280.2511 Tm
|
| 1326 |
-
(Crawford, M. R., & Schuster, J. W. \(1993\). Using )Tj
|
| 1327 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1328 |
-
(microswitches to teach toy use. )Tj
|
| 1329 |
-
/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 1330 |
-
(Journal of )Tj
|
| 1331 |
-
T*
|
| 1332 |
-
(Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 5)Tj
|
| 1333 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1334 |
-
(, 349\226368. )Tj
|
| 1335 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1336 |
-
(Felce, D., & Perry, J. \(1995\). Quality of life: Its )Tj
|
| 1337 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1338 |
-
(definition and measurement. )Tj
|
| 1339 |
-
/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 1340 |
-
(Research in )Tj
|
| 1341 |
-
T*
|
| 1342 |
-
(Developmental Disabilities, 16)Tj
|
| 1343 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1344 |
-
(, 51\22674. )Tj
|
| 1345 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1346 |
-
(Green, C. W., & Reid, D. H. \(1994\). A )Tj
|
| 1347 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1348 |
-
(comprehensive evaluation of a train-the-trainers )Tj
|
| 1349 |
-
T*
|
| 1350 |
-
(model for training education staff to assemble )Tj
|
| 1351 |
-
ET
|
| 1352 |
-
EMC
|
| 1353 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
|
| 1354 |
-
Q
|
| 1355 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1356 |
-
BT
|
| 1357 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1358 |
-
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
|
| 1359 |
-
(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(8 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
|
| 1360 |
-
ET
|
| 1361 |
-
EMC
|
| 1362 |
-
|
| 1363 |
-
endstream
|
| 1364 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 778 582 787 ]>>BDC
|
| 1365 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1366 |
-
0 i
|
| 1367 |
-
BT
|
| 1368 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1369 |
-
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
|
| 1370 |
-
(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
|
| 1371 |
-
(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
|
| 1372 |
-
ET
|
| 1373 |
-
EMC
|
| 1374 |
-
/WebCaptureBG BMC
|
| 1375 |
-
/WebCaptureFN <</L 0 >>BDC
|
| 1376 |
-
q
|
| 1377 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1378 |
-
W* n
|
| 1379 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
|
| 1380 |
-
Q
|
| 1381 |
-
1 1 0.933 rg
|
| 1382 |
-
10 18 602 756 re
|
| 1383 |
-
f
|
| 1384 |
-
EMC
|
| 1385 |
-
q
|
| 1386 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1387 |
-
W* n
|
| 1388 |
-
/Artifact <</Type /Layout /BBox [12 36 129.2 766 ]>>BDC
|
| 1389 |
-
Q
|
| 1390 |
-
0.867 0.4 0.2 rg
|
| 1391 |
-
12 36 117.2 730 re
|
| 1392 |
-
f
|
| 1393 |
-
EMC
|
| 1394 |
-
EMC
|
| 1395 |
-
EMC
|
| 1396 |
-
/Article <</MCID 0 >>BDC
|
| 1397 |
-
q
|
| 1398 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1399 |
-
W* n
|
| 1400 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1401 |
-
BT
|
| 1402 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1403 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 162.2 749.2711 Tm
|
| 1404 |
-
(adaptive switches. )Tj
|
| 1405 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1406 |
-
(Journal of Developmental and )Tj
|
| 1407 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1408 |
-
(Physical Disabilities, 6,)Tj
|
| 1409 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1410 |
-
( 219\226238. )Tj
|
| 1411 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1412 |
-
(Gutowski, S. J. \(1996\). Response acquisition for )Tj
|
| 1413 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1414 |
-
(music or beverages in adults with profound multiple )Tj
|
| 1415 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1416 |
-
(handicaps. )Tj
|
| 1417 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1418 |
-
(Journal of Developmental and Physical )Tj
|
| 1419 |
-
T*
|
| 1420 |
-
(Disabilities, 8)Tj
|
| 1421 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1422 |
-
(, 221\226231. )Tj
|
| 1423 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1424 |
-
(Holburn, S., Nguyen, D., & Vietze, P. M. \(2004\). )Tj
|
| 1425 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1426 |
-
(Computer-assisted learning for adults with profound )Tj
|
| 1427 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1428 |
-
(multiple disabilities. )Tj
|
| 1429 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1430 |
-
(Behavioral Interventions, 19, )Tj
|
| 1431 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1432 |
-
(25\226)Tj
|
| 1433 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1434 |
-
(37. )Tj
|
| 1435 |
-
0 -2.402 TD
|
| 1436 |
-
(Kazdin, A. E. \(2001\). )Tj
|
| 1437 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1438 |
-
(Behavior modification in )Tj
|
| 1439 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1440 |
-
(applied settings)Tj
|
| 1441 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1442 |
-
( \(6th ed.\). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/)Tj
|
| 1443 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1444 |
-
(Thomson Learning. )Tj
|
| 1445 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1446 |
-
(Lancioni, G. E., & Lems, S. \(2001\). Using a )Tj
|
| 1447 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1448 |
-
(microswitch for vocalization responses with persons )Tj
|
| 1449 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1450 |
-
(with multiple disabilities. )Tj
|
| 1451 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1452 |
-
(Disability and )Tj
|
| 1453 |
-
T*
|
| 1454 |
-
(Rehabilitation, 23)Tj
|
| 1455 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1456 |
-
(, 745\226748. )Tj
|
| 1457 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1458 |
-
(Lancioni, G. E., O\222Reilly, M. F., Oliva, D., & Coppa, )Tj
|
| 1459 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1460 |
-
(M. M. \(2001\). A microswitch for vocalization )Tj
|
| 1461 |
-
T*
|
| 1462 |
-
(responses to foster environmental control in children )Tj
|
| 1463 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1464 |
-
(with multiple disabilities. )Tj
|
| 1465 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1466 |
-
(Journal of Intellectual )Tj
|
| 1467 |
-
T*
|
| 1468 |
-
(Disability Research, 45)Tj
|
| 1469 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1470 |
-
(, 271\226275. )Tj
|
| 1471 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1472 |
-
(Lancioni, G. E., Singh, N. N., O\222Reilly, M. F., Oliva, )Tj
|
| 1473 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1474 |
-
(D., Baccani, S., & Canevaro, A. \(2002\). Using simple )Tj
|
| 1475 |
-
T*
|
| 1476 |
-
(hand-movement responses with optic microswitches )Tj
|
| 1477 |
-
ET
|
| 1478 |
-
EMC
|
| 1479 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
|
| 1480 |
-
Q
|
| 1481 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1482 |
-
BT
|
| 1483 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1484 |
-
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
|
| 1485 |
-
(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(9 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
|
| 1486 |
-
ET
|
| 1487 |
-
EMC
|
| 1488 |
-
|
| 1489 |
-
endstream
|
| 1490 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 778 582 787 ]>>BDC
|
| 1491 |
-
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|
| 1492 |
-
0 i
|
| 1493 |
-
BT
|
| 1494 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1495 |
-
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
|
| 1496 |
-
(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
|
| 1497 |
-
(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
|
| 1498 |
-
ET
|
| 1499 |
-
EMC
|
| 1500 |
-
/WebCaptureBG BMC
|
| 1501 |
-
/WebCaptureFN <</L 0 >>BDC
|
| 1502 |
-
q
|
| 1503 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1504 |
-
W* n
|
| 1505 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
|
| 1506 |
-
Q
|
| 1507 |
-
1 1 0.933 rg
|
| 1508 |
-
10 18 602 756 re
|
| 1509 |
-
f
|
| 1510 |
-
EMC
|
| 1511 |
-
q
|
| 1512 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1513 |
-
W* n
|
| 1514 |
-
/Artifact <</Type /Layout /BBox [12 36 129.2 766 ]>>BDC
|
| 1515 |
-
Q
|
| 1516 |
-
0.867 0.4 0.2 rg
|
| 1517 |
-
12 36 117.2 730 re
|
| 1518 |
-
f
|
| 1519 |
-
EMC
|
| 1520 |
-
EMC
|
| 1521 |
-
EMC
|
| 1522 |
-
/Article <</MCID 0 >>BDC
|
| 1523 |
-
q
|
| 1524 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1525 |
-
W* n
|
| 1526 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1527 |
-
BT
|
| 1528 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1529 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 162.2 749.2711 Tm
|
| 1530 |
-
(with two persons with multiple disabilities. )Tj
|
| 1531 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1532 |
-
(Research )Tj
|
| 1533 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1534 |
-
(and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities)Tj
|
| 1535 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1536 |
-
(, )Tj
|
| 1537 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1538 |
-
(27)Tj
|
| 1539 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1540 |
-
(, )Tj
|
| 1541 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1542 |
-
(276\226279. )Tj
|
| 1543 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1544 |
-
(Lancioni, G. E., Singh, N. N., O\222Reilly, M. F., Oliva, )Tj
|
| 1545 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1546 |
-
(D., Scalini, L., Vigo, C. M., & Groeneweg, J. \(2004\). )Tj
|
| 1547 |
-
T*
|
| 1548 |
-
(Microswitch clusters to support responding and )Tj
|
| 1549 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1550 |
-
(appropriate posture of students with multiple )Tj
|
| 1551 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1552 |
-
(disabilities: Three case evaluations. )Tj
|
| 1553 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1554 |
-
(Disability and )Tj
|
| 1555 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1556 |
-
(Rehabilitation, 26,)Tj
|
| 1557 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1558 |
-
( 501\226505. )Tj
|
| 1559 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1560 |
-
(McCathren, R. B., Yoder, P. J., & Warren, S. F. )Tj
|
| 1561 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1562 |
-
(\(1999\). The relationship between prelinguistic )Tj
|
| 1563 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1564 |
-
(vocalization and later expressive vocabulary in young )Tj
|
| 1565 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1566 |
-
(children with developmental delay. )Tj
|
| 1567 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1568 |
-
(Journal of )Tj
|
| 1569 |
-
T*
|
| 1570 |
-
(Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42,)Tj
|
| 1571 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1572 |
-
( 915\226)Tj
|
| 1573 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1574 |
-
(924. )Tj
|
| 1575 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1576 |
-
(O\222Brien, Y., Glenn, S., & Cunningham, C. \(1994\). )Tj
|
| 1577 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1578 |
-
(Contingency awareness in infants and children with )Tj
|
| 1579 |
-
T*
|
| 1580 |
-
(severe and profound learning disabilities. )Tj
|
| 1581 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1582 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1583 |
-
(International Journal of Disability, Development and )Tj
|
| 1584 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1585 |
-
(Education, 41,)Tj
|
| 1586 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1587 |
-
( 231\226243. )Tj
|
| 1588 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1589 |
-
(Richards, S. B., Taylor, R. L., Ramasamy, R., & )Tj
|
| 1590 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1591 |
-
(Richards, R. Y. \(1999\). )Tj
|
| 1592 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1593 |
-
(Single-subject research: )Tj
|
| 1594 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1595 |
-
(Applications in educational and clinical settings.)Tj
|
| 1596 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1597 |
-
( )Tj
|
| 1598 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1599 |
-
(Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning. )Tj
|
| 1600 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1601 |
-
(Schalock, R., Brown, I., Brown, R., Cummins, R. A., )Tj
|
| 1602 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1603 |
-
(Felce, D., Matikka, L., Keith, K.-D., & Parmenter, T. )Tj
|
| 1604 |
-
ET
|
| 1605 |
-
EMC
|
| 1606 |
-
/Artifact <</Attached [/Bottom ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [18 5 582 14 ]>>BDC
|
| 1607 |
-
Q
|
| 1608 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1609 |
-
BT
|
| 1610 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1611 |
-
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
|
| 1612 |
-
(http://www.afb.org/jvib/jvib990307.asp \(10 of 12\)5/5/2005 8:36:44 AM)Tj
|
| 1613 |
-
ET
|
| 1614 |
-
EMC
|
| 1615 |
-
|
| 1616 |
-
endstream
|
| 1617 |
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|
| 1618 |
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0 0 0 rg
|
| 1619 |
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0 i
|
| 1620 |
-
BT
|
| 1621 |
-
/T1_0 1 Tf
|
| 1622 |
-
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
|
| 1623 |
-
(Enabling a Girl with Multiple Disabilities to Control Her Favorite Stimu\
|
| 1624 |
-
(rch Report - March 2005)Tj
|
| 1625 |
-
ET
|
| 1626 |
-
EMC
|
| 1627 |
-
/WebCaptureBG BMC
|
| 1628 |
-
/WebCaptureFN <</L 0 >>BDC
|
| 1629 |
-
q
|
| 1630 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1631 |
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W* n
|
| 1632 |
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/Artifact <</Attached [/Top /Bottom /Left /Right ]/Type /Pagination /BBox [10 18 612 774 ]>>BDC
|
| 1633 |
-
Q
|
| 1634 |
-
1 1 0.933 rg
|
| 1635 |
-
10 18 602 756 re
|
| 1636 |
-
f
|
| 1637 |
-
EMC
|
| 1638 |
-
q
|
| 1639 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1640 |
-
W* n
|
| 1641 |
-
/Artifact <</Type /Layout /BBox [12 36 129.2 766 ]>>BDC
|
| 1642 |
-
Q
|
| 1643 |
-
0.867 0.4 0.2 rg
|
| 1644 |
-
12 36 117.2 730 re
|
| 1645 |
-
f
|
| 1646 |
-
EMC
|
| 1647 |
-
EMC
|
| 1648 |
-
EMC
|
| 1649 |
-
/Article <</MCID 0 >>BDC
|
| 1650 |
-
q
|
| 1651 |
-
0 18 612 756 re
|
| 1652 |
-
W* n
|
| 1653 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1654 |
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BT
|
| 1655 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1656 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 162.2 749.3222 Tm
|
| 1657 |
-
(\(2002\). Conceptualization, measurement, and )Tj
|
| 1658 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1659 |
-
(application of quality of life for persons with )Tj
|
| 1660 |
-
T*
|
| 1661 |
-
(intellectual disabilities: Report of an international )Tj
|
| 1662 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1663 |
-
(panel of experts. )Tj
|
| 1664 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1665 |
-
(Mental Retardation, 40,)Tj
|
| 1666 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1667 |
-
( 457\226470. )Tj
|
| 1668 |
-
0 -2.402 TD
|
| 1669 |
-
(Siegel, S., & Castellan, N. J. \(1988\). )Tj
|
| 1670 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1671 |
-
(Nonparametric )Tj
|
| 1672 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1673 |
-
(statistics)Tj
|
| 1674 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1675 |
-
( \(2nd ed.\). New York: McGraw-Hill. )Tj
|
| 1676 |
-
0 -2.399 TD
|
| 1677 |
-
(Watson, J. S., Hayes, L. A., & Vietze, P. \(1982\). )Tj
|
| 1678 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1679 |
-
(Response-contingent stimulation as a treatment for )Tj
|
| 1680 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1681 |
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(developmental failure in infancy. )Tj
|
| 1682 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1683 |
-
(Journal of Applied )Tj
|
| 1684 |
-
0 -1.303 TD
|
| 1685 |
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(Developmental Psychology, 3,)Tj
|
| 1686 |
-
/TT0 1 Tf
|
| 1687 |
-
( 191\226203.)Tj
|
| 1688 |
-
/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 1689 |
-
-0.549 -2.403 Td
|
| 1690 |
-
(Giulio E. Lancioni, Ph.D.,)Tj
|
| 1691 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1692 |
-
( professor, Department of )Tj
|
| 1693 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1694 |
-
(Psychology, University of Bari, Via Quintino Sella )Tj
|
| 1695 |
-
T*
|
| 1696 |
-
(268, 70100, Bari, Italy; e-mail: <)Tj
|
| 1697 |
-
ET
|
| 1698 |
-
0 0 0.8 RG
|
| 1699 |
-
0.874 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
|
| 1700 |
-
398.027 402.446 m
|
| 1701 |
-
531.051 402.446 l
|
| 1702 |
-
S
|
| 1703 |
-
0 0 0.8 rg
|
| 1704 |
-
BT
|
| 1705 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1706 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 398.0274 405.067 Tm
|
| 1707 |
-
(g.lancioni@psico.)Tj
|
| 1708 |
-
ET
|
| 1709 |
-
152.2 376.758 m
|
| 1710 |
-
208.329 376.758 l
|
| 1711 |
-
S
|
| 1712 |
-
BT
|
| 1713 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1714 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 379.3788 Tm
|
| 1715 |
-
(uniba.it)Tj
|
| 1716 |
-
0 0 0 rg
|
| 1717 |
-
(>. )Tj
|
| 1718 |
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/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 1719 |
-
(Nirbhay N. Singh, Ph.D.,)Tj
|
| 1720 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1721 |
-
( senior scientist, )Tj
|
| 1722 |
-
0 -1.41 TD
|
| 1723 |
-
(ONE Research Institute, P.O. Box 4657, Midlothian, )Tj
|
| 1724 |
-
0 -1.302 TD
|
| 1725 |
-
(VA 23112; e-mail: <)Tj
|
| 1726 |
-
ET
|
| 1727 |
-
304.498 327.41 m
|
| 1728 |
-
467.351 327.41 l
|
| 1729 |
-
S
|
| 1730 |
-
0 0 0.8 rg
|
| 1731 |
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BT
|
| 1732 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1733 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 304.4976 330.0306 Tm
|
| 1734 |
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([email protected])Tj
|
| 1735 |
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0 0 0 rg
|
| 1736 |
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(>. )Tj
|
| 1737 |
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/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 1738 |
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(Mark F. )Tj
|
| 1739 |
-
-8.368 -1.411 Td
|
| 1740 |
-
(O\222Reilly, Ph.D.,)Tj
|
| 1741 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1742 |
-
( associate professor, Department of )Tj
|
| 1743 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1744 |
-
(Special Education, University of Texas at Austin, Mail )Tj
|
| 1745 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1746 |
-
(Code D5300, Austin, TX 78712; e-mail: )Tj
|
| 1747 |
-
0 -1.302 TD
|
| 1748 |
-
(<)Tj
|
| 1749 |
-
ET
|
| 1750 |
-
164.485 230.713 m
|
| 1751 |
-
380.392 230.713 l
|
| 1752 |
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S
|
| 1753 |
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|
| 1754 |
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BT
|
| 1755 |
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/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1756 |
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([email protected])Tj
|
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0 0 0 rg
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(>. )Tj
|
| 1760 |
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/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 1761 |
-
(Doretta Oliva, M.A.,)Tj
|
| 1762 |
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/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1763 |
-
( )Tj
|
| 1764 |
-
-0.675 -1.41 Td
|
| 1765 |
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(research coordinator, Lega F. D\222Oro Research Center, )Tj
|
| 1766 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1767 |
-
(60027 Osimo \(AN\), Italy; e-mail: <)Tj
|
| 1768 |
-
ET
|
| 1769 |
-
412.169 181.393 m
|
| 1770 |
-
453.119 181.393 l
|
| 1771 |
-
S
|
| 1772 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
|
| 1773 |
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BT
|
| 1774 |
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/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1775 |
-
18.2 0 0 18.2 412.1688 184.0141 Tm
|
| 1776 |
-
(oliva.)Tj
|
| 1777 |
-
ET
|
| 1778 |
-
152.2 155.705 m
|
| 1779 |
-
304.953 155.705 l
|
| 1780 |
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S
|
| 1781 |
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BT
|
| 1782 |
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/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1783 |
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18.2 0 0 18.2 152.2 158.3259 Tm
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| 1784 |
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([email protected])Tj
|
| 1785 |
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0 0 0 rg
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(>. )Tj
|
| 1787 |
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/TT2 1 Tf
|
| 1788 |
-
(Jop Groeneweg, Ph.D.,)Tj
|
| 1789 |
-
/TT1 1 Tf
|
| 1790 |
-
( )Tj
|
| 1791 |
-
0 -1.41 TD
|
| 1792 |
-
(assistant professor, Department of Psychology, )Tj
|
| 1793 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1794 |
-
(University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, )Tj
|
| 1795 |
-
0 -1.3 TD
|
| 1796 |
-
(the Netherlands; e-mail: <)Tj
|
| 1797 |
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ET
|
| 1798 |
-
347.977 82.725 m
|
| 1799 |
-
553.783 82.725 l
|
| 1800 |
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S
|
| 1801 |
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0 0 0.8 rg
|
| 1802 |
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BT
|
| 1803 |
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/TT1 1 Tf
|
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