Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man (movie)

Out of respect for his poetry, No one decides to help the “pale faced” cross with honor into the spirit world.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man (movie)

“It's so strange that you don't remember your poems,” he exclaims in response to the wounded man's assurances that he had never heard of his famous namesake.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Like Blake, an Indian is completely alone in this world.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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As a half-breed and an outcast of the tribes to which his parents belonged, [4] he was caught by whites as a child and transported in a cage throughout America, and then studied in England for a while.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man (movie)

Upon his return to his homeland, the tribesmen did not believe the stories of the journey and called him a liar — “someone who, speaking loudly, does not say anything.”


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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By becoming an outcast, Nobody has learned to survive alone.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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On the way, they come across strange characters - homosexual hunters who do not mind sleeping with a pretty accountant, two bald deputy sheriffs, a fiend missionary.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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They were all murdered by Blake.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man (movie)

Blake was chased by a trio of hired ranger thugs led by Cole, who was rumored to have raped, fried and eaten his parents.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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On the way, Cole cynically deals with his companions; he eats the body of one of them.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man (movie)

Experienced killers are powerless in front of the once helpless accountant.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man (movie)

The viewer watches how the personality of the protagonist changes in unusual circumstances, how cleverly he learns new ways of survival for himself.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Escaping from his pursuers opens the way for him to know his true identity.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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It is getting closer to the wildlife world; visions are beginning to come to it.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Among the foliage, instead of a harmless raccoon, he sees Indians with war paint.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The nightmare world of white people is left behind when Nobody and wounded Blake get a boat and float down the river to the ocean in it.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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They find themselves in a deserted Indian settlement, more like a giant necropolis [1].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The local chief agrees with the honor to escort the dying Blake on his last journey.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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When his funeral boat sails into the open sea, Blake is already so weak that he barely notices the last shots in the distance on the shore, which collided face to face No One and Cole are killing each other.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Working on the film


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Having gained recognition as films on acute social themes, Jim Jarmusch decided to make a historical film, but one that would not be closed in the cocoon of the era, but would be a reminder of the seventies, of the time descended hippies and single drug addicts who spent time looking for “weed” and used their “guns” for almost no reason [1].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Jarmusch intended to build his film on the relationship between the figures of a white American who is “like a blank sheet of paper on which everyone wants to write their own” and an Indian who will become much more complex and rich personality than his companion [3].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

I needed a simple story and a relationship between two guys from different cultures, where both are single and lost and completely alienated from their cultures for various reasons... But unlike mine the rest of the films, this plot along the way prompted me to develop other topics that arise on the periphery of the film: violence, guns, American history, the “genius of the place”, spirituality, William Blake and poetry , fame, outlawed status — all the things that are undoubtedly woven into the fabric of the film [3]


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Dead Man is Jarmusch's most expensive film, larger and with better paid actors than his previous works.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Funding had to be sought in Europe, because US companies, wary of the alleged anti-American message laid down in the script, did not invest a cent in the filming [5]; the director paid part of the costs from personal funds.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Filming took place in Oregon, Washington, Arizona, Nevada, as well as in New York State, near Niagara Falls [6].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The director was extremely pleased with Depp's work, whom he had never met on the set before [7], and Farmer invited Farmer to portray Nobody again in an episode of the film “Dog ghost — The Way of the Samurai” (1999), which is already taking place in our time [8].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Cast


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Johnny Depp — William Blake (Failed Accountant)


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Gary Farmer — No One (Rogue Indian)


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Crispin Glover is the stoker on the train


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Robert Mitchum — John Dickinson (owner of a metallurgical plant)


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Mili Avital — Tal Russell (the girl who made paper roses)


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Gabriel Byrne — Charlie Dickinson (son of John Dickinson)


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Lance Henriksen — Cole Wilson (silent bounty hunter — cannibal)


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Michael Wincott — Conway Twill (chatty bounty hunter)


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Eugene Bird — Johnny (“The Kid”) Pickett (the youngest bounty hunter)


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Billy Bob Thornton — Big George Drakoulious (Senior Campfire Hunter)


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Iggy Pop — Salvatore (“Sally”) Genko (second campfire hunter — cook, preacher)


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Jared Harris — Benmont Tench (third campfire hunter, British accent)


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Mike Dawson is an old man with “Wanted” posters


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Mark Bringleson — Lee (Junior Sheriff)


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Jimmy Ray Weeks — Marvin (Senior Sheriff)


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Michelle Thrush is an Indian girl Nobody


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Alfred Molina is a missionary from the trading post


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John Hurt — John Dickinson's assistant


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Genre


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Jonathan Rosenbaum proclaimed Dead Man the pinnacle of the “acid western” [2] [9], clips of films that since the 1960s (Easy Rider) have tried to deconstruct this in order mythologized genre, overturning the cultural archetypes embodied in it.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Indeed, the western limit of European civilization, according to Jarmusch, is not a repository of its democratic values, as it is presented in classical Westerns.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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This is the kingdom of tyrannical oligarchs like Dickinson, whose will is the only law here [10].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Instead of depicting the inexhaustible wealth of nature of the West, which Hollywood cinema has accustomed the viewer to, Jarmusch shows “lands mutilated by eco-terrorism and polluted by industry” [10].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The director himself denies his conscious intention to “deconstruct” the genre, noting that he does not consider himself to be connoisseurs and fans of classical Western [7].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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According to Jarmusch, the film begins as a typical Western (the arrival of a young man in the Wild West), but the further development of events contradicts the stereotypes inherent in this genre [7].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The pistol shot, which was the culmination of the old Western, is just an excuse for William and Nobody's spiritual journey [11].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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There is not a single Western in which the main character is as passive, so aware of the circumstances imposed on him as William Blake [12].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The emptiness in Depp's eyes is designed to emphasize the fact that the alien statuses of the great poet and criminal are projected on his hero by others against his will [3].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The director did not initially seek to give Blake's story a resemblance to Westerns [7].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The deep relationship between Jarmusch's narrative structures and Westerns is that the director prefers road movie with his characteristic metaphorical coloring to all other genres.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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However, the road movie genre was born from a Western, which also implies a “journey into the unknown” and in many cases is full of metaphorical overtones [13].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Western for Jarmusch is an open cinematographic form, which traditionally puts on judgments about American values, reflections on such broad moral and philosophical concepts as retribution, redemption, tragedy [13].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The director partially shares Sam Peckinp's opinion about the Western as a kind of universal form, which, with its external timed to a specific period of history, always allows you to talk about events of today [3].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Kafkian America


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More has been written about Dead Man than any other Jarmusch film [10].


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Australian film critic Adrien Martin defined it as “a ghostly, scorched from the inside frame of a Western, erected for some unclear, oppressive purpose” [14].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Many reviewers saw this goal in demolishing the value foundation on which the Western building was erected [15].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Jarmusch seems to need the Western shape only to blow it up from the inside, revealing the falsity of the Wild West myth [14].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The components of the classic western are reprogrammed by the director based on the logic of the nightmare [16].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Based on the most American genre, Jarmusch systematically criticizes idealized ideas about American culture and civilization, which have traditionally been embodied in films of this genre [14].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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In earlier tapes, he targeted the spiritual emptiness of the consumption-based American way of life [14], but Dead Man seems to target America's very existence, built on the bones of the Indians at the cost of destroying their unique culture and polluting their natural habitat [5] [14].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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“There is no American West in Dead Man. There is only a landscape that victorious America has devastated from residents and turned into a capitalist massacre,” says the famous publicist Kent Jones [5].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The time when the events take place can be concluded from the phrase thrown on the train by the fireman that more than a million bison were killed in the previous year.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The director notes that this mark was exceeded in 1875: “The government supported the extermination, because “no bison, no Indians”” [3].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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But the settlers themselves, even Christian missionaries, were to blame for the genocide of the local population.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The film shows how one of them distributes smallpox and consumption blankets among the natives, thereby provoking deadly epidemics [10].


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From the standpoint of our time, these actions can be regarded as the use of biological weapons against civilians [10].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Thickening the colors in the spirit of German expressionism, Jarmusch, as in earlier films, resorts to the technique of strangeness [14].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The symbolic heart of American civilization, the City of Machines, is shown through the eyes of an alien from, in this case, William Blake.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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On the streets of the city, we see mountains of buffalo skulls, and coffins ready for use lean against the walls of houses [10].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The city of Machines is dominated by factory pipes that cover everything in the vicinity with a thin layer of soot [10].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The factory reigns over the city like a castle in Kafka's novel of the same name.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The owner of the factory is a tyrant perverted by the habit of violence, who is surrounded by servile giggling subordinates [1].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Jarmusch's Dead Man begins where Kafka's America breaks off — an innocent young hero rushes through the mysterious, vast West — but soon returns us to the Kafkian pseudo-civilization throwing Blake into a realm of sinister absurdity.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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From darkness to light


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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As in many travel films, William Blake's removal from the centers of civilization into unknown expanses has a parable dimension.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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In this case, the journey metaphorically represents the separation of his soul from his body or, as Andrey Plakhov put it, “internal immigration to a different code space and a different life” [2] — unlike social immigration, which was the subject of Jarmusch's consideration in earlier films.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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No one, a modern psychopomp [17], sees his task as bringing Blake to the “mirror of water” like an isthmus leading to another level of being [18].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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However, when he talks to Blake that he intends to lead him “to where he came from,” his interlocutor naively believes that it is his native Cleveland.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Contrary to his nature, circumstances turn Blake into a legally prosecuted criminal, a murderer, a person whose physical existence is slowly becoming thinner.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Once in the midst of a world of disorderly and cruel, he sees the fragility of all living things.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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It is as if it passes through the surface of the mirror and finds itself on the other side, in a world previously unknown to it.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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On the one hand, William Blake's path leads him from life to death, but on the other hand, it is a journey from darkness to light.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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[12] The world of the city, with the telling name “Machines” as it is drawn in the film, is a world of darkness.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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According to the director, if Blake got a job with Dickinson, he would have found himself a miserable life to the grave [7].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Meeting an Indian gives him hope for a different and better existence.


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It is no coincidence that No one greets him with a quote from Blake's Sayings of Innocence:


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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People will be born


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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And all around is the darkness of the night.


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And some — the light is waiting for Happiness,


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And others — Misfortunes are darkness [19].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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From a traditional Western cultural perspective, death is something dark and purely negative.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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But for the wise men of the East and for Indian shamans, death is only a part of a broader life and is not a reason for tears at all [12].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Will is like Tolstoy's Ivan Ilyich, who, quite in accordance with the teachings of Buddhism, died, saw the light of day in his death.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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[20] Jarmusch also denies the opposite of life and death; in his artistic coordinates, “death is the continuation of life” in another dimension or, as Blake the poet put it before his death, “the transition to the next room.”


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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This transition may seem unpleasant and unfair from the limited perspective of the human body, but from the point of view of the spirit it is just the loss of unnecessary cortex, a kind of metabolic process [17].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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In the course of the film, Will crosses a kind of purgatory, where the line between life and death is so fragile that it is impossible to say clearly at what point the main character becomes “dead” and, accordingly, is reborn to a new life [17].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Death is presented not as a specific point in the narrative, but as a continuing process of simultaneous bodily decay and spiritual resurrection.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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[17] Each character in the film is like a hospice employee who, bringing Blake's physical death closer, contributes to his return to the disembodied world of spirits [17].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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William's status as a “dead man” is silent, but therefore no less clearly presented in the absent scene in the script, which was improvised by Depp right on the set [21].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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In the forest, he comes across a deer carcass.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Blake touches his bleeding wound and then runs his blood-stained animal fingers over his face.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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With this sign, he recognizes his relationship with a dead animal [21].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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A dead man?


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The film is preceded by the epigraph of Henri Michaud: “It is advisable not to travel with a dead man.”


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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This is a one-of-a-kind film where the director allows each viewer to decide for themselves where the protagonist died, if at all [17].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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He likes to think that thanks to the defense of Nobody, Depp's hero remained physically alive until the very end of the film, although he could have died more than once in the course of the action [7].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Among fans of the film, however, it is widely believed that Blake died at the very beginning of his journey, after killing a girl and falling out of a window (at the moment when an unnaturally large shooting star, perhaps symbolizing his soul) [1].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The early death of the main character allows us to explain a number of plot inconsistencies, such as, say, the slowness of the movement of the fugitives and the unrealistic dexterity of yesterday's accountant in handling firearms .


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The subsequent acquaintance with the guide to the “world of spirits” and a journey with No one into the unknown turns out, in this case, to the dying hallucination of the “pale faced” hero:


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The hero, accompanied by a rather ferocious look of an Indian, travels through a strange terrain, but at the very beginning of the journey he is killed in a stupid bed quarrel.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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However, the journey continues — probably in another life.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The rest can be interpreted almost arbitrarily, or you can not interpret it in any way, talking about reincarnation, the genius of the place, the mysticism of the American landscape and other equally refined things that will all turn out to be quite by the way.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The possibility of this interpretation is indicated not only by the title of the film, but also by the fact that Nobody (literally No-body, “disembodied”) calls Blake “dead” at the first meeting, asking him a strange question: “Did you kill the man who killed you?” On the streets of the city of Machines, the main character meets coffins, and his companion, who is under the influence of accepted peyotle, watches Blake's exhausted features ghostly show a skull [21].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

In the course of the film, Blake repeatedly puts himself in the shoes of the dead, in particular, lies down in the forest next to the killed deer, imitating his pose.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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At the end of the film, dressed in a funeral outfit, Blake sails into the sea on a funeral boat.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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For many peoples, from time immemorial, the boat has been presented as “a means of transition from the material world to the spiritual: a symbolic cradle for souls who are waiting for revival” [22].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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In literary criticism, this method of narrative is called a “false continuation”.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Thematically and structurally, Borges's story South (1949) is close to Dead Man, in which the author's alter ego makes a posthumous pilgrimage to the land of his ancestors in order to die in his imagination that death, I've always dreamed of.


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Ambrose Beers introduced the technique of “false continuation” into American literature in his famous story “The Incident on the Bridge over Owl Creek” (1891).


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The similarity with the film is all the more obvious because the story takes place around the same time in the American wilderness.


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Bleykov's overtones


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The allegorical meaning of the protagonist's journey is enhanced by the fact that he bears the name


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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the great mystic seer of the late 18th century [4].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Blake's name appeared in the script after Jarmusch noticed that the ideas and poems of the great romantic “seem to be imbued with the spirit of the Indians” [7] [23].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The inner development of the protagonist during the film is also in tune with the central categories of “innocence” and “experience” for Blake the poet.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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As noted by critics, the roll call of the script and dialogues with Blake's work not only deepens the historical perspective, but also allows you to link the internal plot to Blake's theory of development as a phenomenon of cyclical, going in a circle [4].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Throughout the script of Dead Man, handfuls of allusions to Blake's works are scattered.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Nobody's speech is sprinkled with aphorisms from Blake's Proverbs of Hell, which an accountant unfamiliar with the work of his namesake takes for Indian folklore [9].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Quotes from Blake (like “Learning from a crow, an eagle destroys its time”) are designed to make the same impression on the viewer [7].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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Even the name of the girl whose murder triggers the plot is borrowed from the title of Blake's The Book of Thel (1789).


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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And Blake's aphorism “Expect poison from standing water” does materialize: Cole kills his companion as he tries to drink from a puddle of wood.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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However, there is a chronological problem in the Indian's fascination with Blake's poetry: the first publication of “Sayings of Innocence” took place in London in 1866, that is, ten years before those described in the film events [24].


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It is highly unlikely that Nobody would be in London at this time; according to him, he returned to his homeland in the 1850s [24].


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Nobody's stay in England thus came at a time when Blake's name was completely forgotten by the Victorians.


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Imagery and music


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The film was shot in a gray palette of black and white tone, as its main character moves away from everything familiar, and the colors, on the contrary, “connect us with traditional color combinations familiar from life” [ 23].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The authors of the westerns of the sixties, who shot in the same dusty gray colors, knew that it neutralizes the colorful landscape and provides the necessary historical distance [23].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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The director praised Robbie Mueller's work on negatives in order to “reflect all possible gray tones, while maintaining a strict contrast between black and white, as if the color film had not yet was invented” [23].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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This contrast is so great that it allows us to talk about a conscious stylization of screen images for landscape photographs of the “singer of the American West” — Ansel Adams [14].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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In his first major work, Stranger Than Paradise (1984), Jarmusch decided to move from stage to stage by gradually darkening to a few seconds of complete blackness [25].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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In Dead Man, the director returned to this technique, bearing in mind that it was widely used back in the forties and is generally associated in cinema with traditional narrative techniques.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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[7] The result was a slowdown in the rhythm of the film [7], the origins of which critics mistakenly sought in Japanese cinema.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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[2] In particular, it was noted that such “visual punctuation” provides a “hypnotically slow rhythm” of viewing, similar to meditation [14].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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From the point of view of the director himself, the darkening of each of the scenes until complete darkness reflects the periodically turning off consciousness of the seriously wounded protagonist.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

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[7] And when the film ends with a dark screen, the viewer is left to conclude whether Blake has died or this is another temporary “shutdown” of his consciousness [7].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

The cinematic form of Dead Man is characterized not only by “suggestive imagery of space”, but also by “musical psychedelic” [2].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

The journey to the west is accompanied by meditative country rock music by Neil Young.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

The soundtrack consists mainly of guitar chords that were improvised by Young while watching the film.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Jarmusch's film, Year of the Horse, followed Dead Man, told about the creative path of this legendary musician and his band Mad Horse.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Young's music is similar to the plot, as the script for the film was written to this accompaniment [23].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

According to the director, the content of his films is half revealed through the sound, and not the visual component [26].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Jarmusch believes that Neil Young “took the entire film to a higher level with his soundtrack, intertwining the spirit of the story with his musical and emotional reaction to it” [23].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

As a sign of respect for actor Lee Marvin, who embodied the type of “tough guy” in classic Hollywood, Jarmusch gave the bald sheriffs following Blake's trail the names Lee and Marvin [8].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Two of the hunters sitting around the fire with the hero of the legendary Iggy Pop bear the names of Tom Petty's band The Heartbreakers [8].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Rental fate and awards


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Like almost all other films by Jarmusch, Dead Man was accepted into the main competition of the Cannes Film Festival [27].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

At the premiere on May 26, 1995, there was a deathly silence, at the end of the screening no one applauded, and only an unknown viewer with a strong French accent shouted: “Jim! This is crap!” [27].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Only a few film critics “against the background of the massive supply of Tarantino products and the obvious stereotyping of American “independent cinema”... started talking about what they have long been afraid to talk about — a masterpiece” [2].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

It took a whole year before Dead Man was released in the United States (May 10, 1996) [14].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

A similar delay in the release occurred in European countries.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Its distribution fate was difficult: in the United States, the film was shown in only 37 cinemas [28].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Leading publications such as The New Yorker ignored the release of his new work for the first time in Jarmusch's career [29].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

It is possible that the reason for such a cool reception was the gloominess of the picture of America painted in the film [5].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

During its initial release in the United States, the film earned $1 million, while the film's budget was $9 million [30] The standard version of the DVD went on sale only on December 19 2000 year.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

When receiving the New York Critics Award, Jarmusch expressed his dissatisfaction with the lack of enthusiasm for promoting the film on the part of the distributor Miramax Films [29].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Apparently, the delay in the release of the film was due to the fact that the director did not accept the distributor's offer to reedit the film for the American premiere [29].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

He had every reason to do this, because under the contract he was the one who owned the negatives.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Rosenbaum cites a case when the organizer of the Jarmusch film retrospective in Miramax was advised not to include Dead Man on the grounds that the film was “lousy” [29].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

“Dead Man” was nominated for the authoritative Independent Spirit Award in the camp of American independent cinema in 4 nominations (“Best Film”, “Best Screenplay”, “Best Cinematography”, “Best Actor” supporting role”), but lost to Fargo by the Coen brothers in all categories [32] New York film critics awarded Robbie Mueller with their award as best cameraman [32].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

And quite unexpectedly, Jarmusch's film won the first ever European Film Academy Award for Best Film shot outside Europe [32].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

In Russia, the film was first shown by ORT TV channel at the end of 1996.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Artemy Troitsky, who presented the film, equated its screening on the central canal with the dances of shamans in the Palace of Congresses [33].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

People's Artist of Russia Alexander Klyukvin and his sister Maria (Selena International studio) worked on the voice acting.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Subsequently, several more translations appeared, including a goblin one performed by Dmitry Puchkov, who called Dead Man the strangest film he had seen [34].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Film critics reviews about the film


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

On Rotten Tomatoes, which summarizes critical reviews, 71% of film reviews are positive [35].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Roger Ebert, authoritative among the American public, gave the film one and a half stars (out of four maximum), commenting: “Jim Jarmusch tried to convey something to the audience, but what exactly - I did I did not understand” [36].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

The author of the review in the Washington Post regretted the protracted and plotless nature of the film, adding to it the wish that the director revive the action “by the appearance in the frame of cavalry or something something like that” [37].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Influential Chicago film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum ranked the film among the most interesting and significant of the decade [9] [38].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

He later wrote a separate book about Dead Man (ISBN 0-85170-806-4), published in the British Film Institute series about the great films of the 20th century.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

J.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Hoberman from Village Voice magazine saw a Western in Dead Man that Tarkovsky himself could shoot [39].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

And the authoritative music critic Greil Marcus (Rolling Stone) titled his review as follows: “Ten facts that prove that Dead Man is the best film of the late 20th century” [40].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

An attempt to reconcile diametrically opposed approaches to the film was presented by Stephen Holden's review in the respectable The New York Times.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Holden's attitude to Dead Man was twofold: “When Dead Man presents the Wild West as an infernal landscape of death, it exudes a frantic life. When the film tries to comprehend these images, it takes a nap” [41].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Elsewhere, Holden developed his point of view:


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

As soon as Dead Man succumbs to its own allegorical pretensions, it turns into a protracted philosophical experiment in which dialogues are far from the energy of negative characters and novelty figurative system.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Shot in black and white, the film perfectly embodies the idea of the West as something “wild” in the most primitive and creepy sense of the word.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Among the Russian reviewers, Andrey Plakhov saw Dead Man as a “product of hallucinations”, emphasizing Jarmusch's refusal from the traditional mythologization of violence in American cinema [2].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Yuri Gladilshchikov, a film observer for the Vedomosti newspaper, called Dead Man “the most unusual Western”, highlighting the deliberate slowness of the transitions of the persecuted and persecuted, which reminded him of the “rituals” [42].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

The aesthetics of Dead Man have found its successors.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Commitment to minimalism, a leisurely pace of narrative, specific humor are the qualities that directors of the younger generation borrowed from Jarmusch (Wong Karwai, Sofia Coppola, Richard Linklater) [10].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

In Russia, critics spoke about a deliberate controversy with Dead Man in relation to Alexander Veledinsky's film Alive (2006) [43].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

The first western for Indians


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

According to Indian critic Jacqueline Kilpatrick, “Dead Man” was the first Western, at least partially designed for an Indian audience [10].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

It is difficult to imagine another film of this genre in which the main and at the same time the most well-read character is an Indian who also stigmatizes his white companion with phrases like “this worthless pale face” [18].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

When depicting this character, the director sought to move away from the typical Westerns exposing an Indian as a one-dimensional “noble savage” resonator or a passing character, a bullet target [3].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

In his interviews, Jarmusch makes fun of Western directors, for whom the Indians were nothing more than mythologized natives [18].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

As an example, he cites the story of how the legendary John Ford filmed Navajo Indians under the guise of Comanches, who even spoke their language in the frame [44].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Unlike his predecessors, Jarmusch tried to reproduce the culture of the extinct tribes that once inhabited the California coast with utmost certainty.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

The oceanfront Indian village, where Nobody brings Blake, was built specifically for filming, but in full accordance with historical realities, including mysteriously opening wooden gates and huge figures of idols [3].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Nobody himself speaks four languages: the language of the Blackfoot tribe, Cree, Makah and English [45].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

The last native speaker of the Maca language died a few years after filming the film.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

None of these languages were native to Gary Farmer, who played the role of Nobody (Farmer comes from the Cayuga people).


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

It was particularly difficult for him to reproduce words in the Maca language [3].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Given the director's attention to Indian culture, Jarmusch and Glover insisted that Dead Man tapes be brought to video stores on all Indian reservations [3].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Especially for the Indian audience, some passages spoken in local dialects were left without translation into English [10].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Other nuances are woven into the narrative that are understandable only to bearers of Indian culture [10].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

So, throughout the film, No one asks Blake if he has tobacco, and he says he doesn't smoke.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

These are his last words.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

In an interview, Jarmusch emphasizes that tobacco used by Indians is a much more powerful drug than regular cigarettes, and that its use has ritual significance.


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

He describes smoking as a sacred act: “tobacco is what you bring with you to visit, what is lit during prayer” [3].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Recognition of Indians as a potential audience has allowed some researchers to see in the film one of the manifestations of a new phenomenon for American culture - the guilt complex for ancestral annexation Indian lands [46].


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Notes


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

References


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

on IMDb


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

at AllMovie


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:German drama films


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:American drama films


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:Japanese drama films


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:Parable films


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:US Westerns


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:black and white US films


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:Indian films


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:German black and white films


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:Japanese black and white films


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:1995 black and white films


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category:Movies in English


Question: Where did Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man be filmed?

Dead Man

Category: 1995 American films


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Voykovskaya is a station on the Zamoskvoretskaya line of the Moscow Metro.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It is located under Leningradskoye Shosse between Vodny Stadion and Sokol stations.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The exits are located on the territory of the Voykovsky District of the Northern Administrative District of Moscow.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The station is a shallow three-span column, built according to a standard design.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It was opened on December 31 as part of the Sokol — Rechnoy Vokzal section.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It is named for its location near the Iron Foundry.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

P. L. Voykov [1] (closed by the beginning of the 2000s).


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Since the early 1990s, the issue of renaming the station has been regularly raised ().


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

History


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The first plan for the construction of a metro in Voykovsky district appeared in the year.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It was planned to extend the Gorky radius at another 3 stations from the Sokol station.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The first of them was the Bratsevo station, named after the station of the Small Ring of the Moscow Railway.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It was planned to build it much north of the current location of the Voykovskaya station [2].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Then it is mentioned in the promising scheme of the year, already under the name “Voykovskaya”.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

However, plans for the construction of the metro in those years were often adjusted, and on different plans there are other variants of the name of the station — Voikova Zavod and Voikova Settlement [3].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

On one of the plans of 1957, Voykovskaya even doubled into two stations — Okruzhnaya (Leningradskaya) and Voykova Zavod [3].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In the year, the Council of Ministers of the USSR approved a plan for the construction of Moscow Metro lines for a seven-year period (1959—1965) [3].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The construction of the metro was carried out by open method


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The station was opened on December 31 as part of the Sokol — Rechnoy Vokzal section, after the commissioning of which 72 stations became in the Moscow Metro.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It got its name from the former Voikov Moscow Iron Foundry located on the surface, named, in turn, in honor of P. L. Voikov (1888-1927) - Russian revolutionary, Soviet party leader, participant in the preparation of the execution of the family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II, diplomat, plenipotentiary envoy of the USSR to Poland.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It also preserved the name of the geographical object — the Voykovets workers' settlement, which previously existed near the Voykov plant.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In April, new proposals for the construction of the metro for the period up to 1970 were presented.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It was planned to build a branch from the Voykovskaya station in Tushino, but in the year it was decided to abandon this (on the prospective schemes of 1966— there is no longer a branch) [3] in favor of construction Krasnopresnensky radius [4].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In the late 1960s, the northern section of the Gorkovsko-Zamoskvoretskaya line was the busiest, so in order to increase traffic, since November 1968, during the morning rush hour, trains were allowed to pass without passengers in two to the third from Rechnoy Vokzal station to Voykovskaya station [5].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

According to the master plan of 1971, it was planned to build the Big Ring, which was to pass through Voykovskaya [4].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

However, later it was decided that the Big Ring would pass through the Sokol station [6].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In the year, a project was proposed to change the name of the station to Peterburgskaya, but it was not implemented [7] [8].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Architecture and decoration


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The station was built according to a standard design [9].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The design of the station is a shallow three-span column (laying depth is 7 meters).


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The station has two rows of 38 square columns each.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The column spacing is 4 meters.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The distance between the axes of the rows of columns is 5.9 meters.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The Voykovskaya station was built under N. S. Khrushchev after the release of the resolution of the year “On the Elimination of Excesses in Design and Construction”, so it has a modest design [10].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The track walls are covered with blue and black ceramic tiles.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The columns are faced with white marble [11].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The floor is paved with granite in grey tones [9].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In general, three stations of the site opened in 1964 were built according to a standard design and differ only in the cladding of columns and track walls [12].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

There are two benches on the platform.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

One of them is located at the north exit, and the other at the south exit.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

There is an emergency convoy in the center of the station.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In the underground lobby of the station there is buffet No. 17 of canteen No. 12 of the ORS of the metro [13] [14].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Track development


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In the tunnels behind the station, groundwork (exit chambers) was left for the planned construction of a branch to Severnoye Tushino.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

However, the experience of organizing forklift traffic (obtained in the south of the Zamoskvoretskaya metro line, where trains from Kashirskaya station followed to Kakhovskaya and Krasnogvardeyskaya stations) showed that forklift the movement has a negative impact on pairing.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

For this reason, all branches planned for construction were canceled, and the groundwork for them (beyond Polezhaevskaya, between Sviblovo and Babushkinskaya) remained unclaimed.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The information that the groundwork was supposed to be connected to the Big Ring does not correspond to reality.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The station in numbers


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The station code is 039 [7].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

PC103+17.6 station axis ordinate [15].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In March, passenger traffic was: 100.2 thousand people at the entrance, 99.2 thousand people at the exit [16].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The opening time of the station for passenger entry is 5 hours 40 minutes, the closing time is at 1 am [17].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Location


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Voykovskaya metro station on the Zamoskvoretskaya line is located between Sokol and Vodny Stadion stations.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The exits from the station are connected to underground passages ending in pavilions, from which you can get to Leningradskoye Shosse, Ganetsky Square, Zoya and Alexandra Kosmodemyanskikh Street, as well as Leningradskaya platform of the Riga direction of the Moscow Railway.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The distance to the center of Moscow is 10 km [18].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Ground public transport


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Voykovskaya station has exits to several ground public transport stops [19]:


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

There are bus stops on both sides of Leningradskoye Shosse, as well as on Staropetrovsky Proezd.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Buses No. 90, 114, 179, 204, 282, 321, 461, 621, 780, 888 stop there.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

There are trolleybus stops on both sides of Leningradskoye Shosse.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Buses No. 905, H1 and trolleybuses No. 6, 43, 57, 43k stop there.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

For trolleybus No. 57, this is the final stop.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Voykovskaya Metro Station stop is located next to the eastern exit of the underground passage to the even side of Leningradskoye Shosse.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Trams No. 27, 31 (for which this is the final stop), 23, 30 stop there.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Table: Public transport routes (data as of December 2017) [20] [21] [22]


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

RouteGoes to metro stationsFinal point 1End point 2aut.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 90— Voykovskayaaut.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 114Bazovskaya street Voykovskayaavt.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 179Platform “Lianozovo” Voykovskayaaut.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 204— Voykovskayaavt.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 282,, Korneychuk Street Voykovskayaaut.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 321 — Voykovskaya5th Voykovsky passage.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 461— Voykovskayaavt.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 591, VoykovskayStation Khovrinoavt.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 621— Voykovskayaavt.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 780— VoykovskayaCitoavt.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 888— Voykovskayaavt.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 905 [23],,,, 75th km of MKAD Belorussky Railway Station.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ H1,,,,,,,, Ozernaya StreetSheremetyevotroll Airport.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

No. 6 (only in the direction of the cinema Neva),,, Cinema “Neva” Peschanaya Squaretroll.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

No. 43,, (only in the direction of Coastal Passage),,, Karamyshevskaya Embankment Coastline Proezdtroll.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 43k, VoykovskayaCoastal passage troll.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 57— VoykovskayaBridge to Oktyabrskaya railways.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

No. 23 (only towards Mikhalkovo) Mikhalkovotram.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 27— Voykovskayatram.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

No. 30 (only in the direction of Mikhalkovo), Kulakova Street Mikhalkovotram.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

№ 31, Marshal Zhukov Avenue Voykovskaya


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Transfer to MCC


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

After the opening of traffic along the Moscow Central Ring, it became possible to transfer from Voykovskaya to Baltiyskaya.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The walking route between the lobbies of both stations, which, for the most part, passes through the Metropolis shopping center, is about 730 m long, which exceeds the normal estimated walking distance accessibility (700 m) [24].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It is the longest of the pedestrian crossings on the MCC platforms [25] and requires passengers 12 minutes to change [26].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Suburban rail transport


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Leningradskaya platform of the Riga direction of the Moscow Railway is 340 meters from the station.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Trains from the Rizhsky and Kursky railway stations pass through it [27].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

As of January 2017, work has begun on the transfer of the Leningradskaya platform closer to the intersection of the Riga direction and the Moscow Railways MK (to create a full-fledged transfer to the Streshnevo MCC platform).


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Places of interest and institutions near the station


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Vorovsky Park is located near the southeastern exit of the underground passage, where the southern entrance to the station is located.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In 1896, on the site of the park, the construction of a hospital for alcoholics by doctor A. M. Korovina.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In Soviet times, the territory of the hospital became a park.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Metropolis [28] is a shopping and office center located 210 m [29] from the northern exit of the station.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

College of Entrepreneurship No. 11 (Department of Management and Information Technology) is located 100 meters from the station [30].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It is located at Leningradskoye Shosse, 13A.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The building also houses the “Self-Defense 100%” club [31].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Accidents


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Destruction of the tunnel between Voykovskaya and Sokol stations


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

A case that occurred on March 19, when a concrete pile fell into the tunnel between the Sokol and Voykovskaya stations and damaged one of the cars of a passing train, received wide media coverage.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

This happened due to the fault of installers who installed an advertising structure right above the metro tunnel.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Luckily, none of the passengers on the train were injured [32].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

September 13, 2013 incident


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

On September 13, an incident occurred on Voykovskaya with a biker who went down to the subway with a motorcycle and drove a vehicle along the platform of the station [33] [34] [35].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Together with the biker, there was a group of accomplices who filmed the violation at Voykovskaya, which lasted 12 seconds [34].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

On October 1, on Izmailovsky Boulevard, MUR officers detained a young man who committed this violation [33] [35] [36].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

It turned out to be biker Pavel Volkov [37].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

On October 9, Volkov was charged with hooliganism (Article 213 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) [36] [37].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Renaming question


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In 1997, members of the State Commission for the Identification of Yekaterinburg Remains raised the issue of renaming the Voykovskaya station.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Since then, a similar proposal has been made by various public organizations, including the head of the movement “For Faith and Fatherland” Hieromonk Nikon (Belavenets) [38] and members of the Return Foundation [39].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Various versions of the new name were proposed:


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Severo-Zapadnaya [40],


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Peterburgskaya [40]


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Volkovskaya [40]


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

named after Heroes of Defense of Moscow [41],


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Dekabrskaya [41],


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Koverdinskaya [42],


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Iron Foundry [43],


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Aviatsionnaya [44] [45].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Other options were also proposed.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In particular, on December 6, 2013, State Duma deputies from the Just Russia party proposed to the mayor of Moscow to rename the station in honor of Nelson Mandela, who died on this day in his house in Johannesburg (South Africa) [46].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Union of Communist Youth oppose the renaming of the station [47]


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

On July 17, 2015, the Kommersant newspaper reported that Alexander Zakondyrin, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Deputies of the Voykovsky District, would send a letter to Deputy Mayor of Moscow Anastasia Rakova, in which he raised the issue of renaming the district and metro station, and also proposed to hold a vote within the framework of the Active Citizen project, choosing one of five other names [48].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In July 2015, another version of the name was proposed — Vorotynskaya [49], and in August, Glebovo [50] and Koptevo [51] were added to the list of options.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Voting on renaming the station


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The issue of renaming the Voykovskaya metro station was the subject of a survey, or electronic referendum [52], launched on November 2, 2015 in the Active Citizen system [53] and ended on November 23, 2015 of the year at 00:00.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

53% of participants voted against the renaming [54].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

At the same time, the issue of renaming the railway platform of the same name located on the MKZhD and the entire transport interchange hub (TPU) was considered as a single package [52].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Although the survey is over, the public discussion is not over: State Duma deputies proposed to assign the name of Eldar Ryazanov, who died in Moscow on the night of November 29-30, 2015, to the Voykovskaya metro station from A Just Russia [55], and at the end of March 2016, Patriarch Kirill announced the inadmissibility of preserving Voykov in toponymy [56].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Alexander Schipkov spoke in favor of a “temporary moratorium on any war against political symbols in Russia” (without directly mentioning Voykovskaya) in 2017, who believes that “in a state of sluggish hybrid war with anti-Russian and anti-Russian global political elites” should avoid steps that could lead to a split in society [57].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Voykovskaya station in culture


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

The station appears in Sergei Antonov's post-apocalyptic novel “Dark Tunnels”, published as part of the Metro Universe 2033 series.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

In it, Voykovskaya (renamed Gulyai-Pole) is the capital of anarcho-communist stations, which are also Vodny Stadion and Rechnoy Vokzal [58].


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Gallery


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Center|200pxCentral hall of the stationGround pavilion of the Voykovskaya metro station Landing platform.


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

February 26, 2000 Patch


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

See also


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

List of Moscow Metro stations


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

1964 in metro history


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Notes


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Literature


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

References


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Category:Moscow Metro stations


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Category:Shallow column stations


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Category:Voykovsky District


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Category: Metro stations completed in 1964


Question: In what year was the Voykovskaya station built in Moscow?

Voykovskaya

Category:Objects named after Pyotr Voikov


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Chemical elements having a P-blockgroup→131415161718↓period25


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Br


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Og


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

The p-block in the periodic table of elements is the electron shell of atoms whose valence electrons occupy the p-orbital with the highest energy.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

The p-block contains the last six elements of the main subgroup, excluding helium (which is in the s-block).


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

This block contains all non-metals (excluding hydrogen and helium) and semimetals, as well as some metals.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

The P-block contains elements that have different properties, both physical and mechanical.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

P-non-metals are, as a rule, highly reactive substances with strong electronegativity, p-metals are moderately active metals, and their activity increases to the bottom of the chemical table elements.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

See also


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Electronic configuration


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Hund's rule


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Klechkovsky's rule


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Literature


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Dickerson R, Gray G, Hate J.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Basic laws of chemistry: In 2 volumes.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Translated from English.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Moscow, Mir Publ., 1982.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

652 p., ill.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

— VOL. 1.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

— P. 452-456.


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Category:Groups of chemical elements


Question: What does Pb mean in the periodic table of elements?

P-elements

Category:Periodic table


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Blue Sky Studios is an American animation studio.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Blue Sky Studios' best-known animated feature films are Ice Age (including the sequels Global Warming, Age of the Dinosaurs, Continental Drift and Collision inevitably”), “Rio” and Rio 2, “Robots”, “Horton”.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

History


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Blue Sky was founded in February 1987 by Christopher Wedge and W. Gopolakrashnan (English: V. Gopalakrishnan from MAGI (English: Mathematical Applications Group, Inc.) artists and technicians who worked on Walt Disney's film Tron.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

From the late 1980s to the 1990s, Blue Sky Studios worked on the production of television commercials and visual effects for movies.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

The studio was headquartered in White Plains (English: White Plains), New York.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

The studio has produced more than 200 animated videos for organizations and companies such as Chrysler, Mars (M&M's candy), General Foods, Texaco and even the US Marine Corps [1].


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

In 1997, the studio was acquired by 20th Century Fox and merged with VIFX Studios in Los Angeles.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Work began on creating visual effects for films, but when VIFX was sold to Rhythm & Hues Studios, Blue Sky again focused its work on animated films.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

On January 5, 2009, the studio moved its headquarters from New York to Greenwich, Connecticut.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

For the 75th anniversary of the Twentieth Century Fox film company, Blue Sky has developed a new logo for the company, with additional spotlights and palm trees.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

The new logo was first introduced in the film Avatar.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

On December 14, 2017, Disney officially confirmed its acquisition of 21st Century Fox's core assets, including Blue Sky, making it a sister studio with Pixar and WDFA [2] [3].


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Filmography


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Animated feature films


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Cartoons released


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

№TitleOriginal titleBudgetFeePremierRTIMDB1Ice Age Age$59 million [4] 77 %7.42RobotsRobots$75 million [5] 64 %6.43 Ice Age 2: Global WarmingIce Age: The Meltdown$80 million [6] 57 %6.94hortondr.


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Seuss' Horton Hears a Who!


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

$85 million [7] 79 %6.95 Ice Age 3: Age of the DinosaurIce Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs$90 million [8] 46 %7.06Rio$90 million [9] 72 %7.07Ice Age 4: Continental Drift Age: Continental Drift$95 million [ 10] 38 %6.68Epic$93 million [11] 65 %6.79Rio 2Rio 2$103 million [12] 46 %6.410Snoopy and the pot-bellied little thing in movieThe Peanuts Movie$99 million [13] 87 %7.911Ice Age 5: Collision InevitableIce Age 5: Collision Course$105 million [14] 16 %5.712FerdinandFerdinand$111 million [15] [16] [17] 71 %6.8


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Announced for Release


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

TitleOriginal titlePremierCamouflage and EspionageSpies in DisguiseJanuary 18, 2019 [18] [19] NimonaFebruary 14, 2020 [20] [21]


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions studio?

Blue Sky Studios

Animated short films


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

№TitleOriginal titlePremiereNote1BannyBunny1998 Academy Award Winner [22] 2Lost NuttyGone NuttyOscar Nominee [23] 3No Time for NutsNo Time for NutsAcademy Award Nominee [24] 4Surviving Sid5UmbrellaCorn UmbrellaCorn [25] [26] 6Space Scratastrophacosmic Scrat-Tastrophe [27] [28]


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

“Special” TV spots


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

№TitleOriginal titlePremiere1Ice Age: Giant ChristmasIce Age: A Mammoth ChristmasNovember 24, 20112Ice Age: The Great Egg-ScapadeMarch 20, 2016


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

Notes


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

See also


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

Walt Disney Animation Studios


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

Pixar


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

DreamWorks Animation SKG


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

References


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

(in English)


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

on IMDb


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

(in English) on Big Cartoon Database


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

(in English) on Facebook


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

on Twitter


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

Category:Animation studios


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

Category:20th Century Fox


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

Category:Companies established in 1987


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

Category:American animation


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

Category:American film studios


Question: Who created Blue Sky Productions?

Blue Sky Studios

Category:Visual effects companies


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Absinthe (French: absinthe from Ancient Greek: wormwood) is an alcoholic beverage [1] [2] [3] [4], usually containing about 70% (sometimes 75% or even 86%) of alcohol.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The most important component of absinthe is the extract of bitter wormwood (Latin: Artemisia absinthium), the essential oils of which contain a large amount of thujone.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

However, absinthe itself contains only trace amounts of this substance.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

[5] [6] [7] [8]


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Composition and properties


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Thujone has long been considered one of the main active ingredients of absinthe: it is a toxic substance [9], which has long maintained a reputation as a hallucinogen, which has not been confirmed later research.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Researchers in the 19th century believed that thujone adds to intoxication, which due to the high strength of absinthe can occur very quickly, a pronounced stimulating effect, often leading to uncontrollable aggression.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

[10] More recent studies have shown that absinthe's hallucinogenic properties are greatly exaggerated.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The drink contains the following plants in one form or another:


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Absinthe is most often emerald green in color, but can also be transparent, yellow, blue, brown, red or black.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The green color of the drink is due to chlorophyll, which decomposes in the light, to prevent which absinthe is poured into dark glass bottles.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Due to its characteristic color, absinthe received the nicknames “Green Fairy” and “Green Witch”.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Absinthe becomes cloudy from the addition of water, as anise and fennel essential oils form an emulsion when diluted with a strong alcohol solution [12].


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

History


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Emergence


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

There are several versions of the appearance of absinthe.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Some historians believe that absinthe appeared in Switzerland in 1792 in the town of Couve, located near the border with France.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The Enrio sisters lived in this city, who were engaged in the manufacture of medicines.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

One of them was prepared by distillation of wormwood anise tincture in a small distillation apparatus and was called “Bon Extract d'Absinthe”.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The final alcoholic beverage also included chamomile, fennel, veronica, coriander, hyssop, parsley root, lemon balm, spinach.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

This elixir was sold by the sisters through doctor Pierre Ordiner, who fled to Switzerland during the French Revolution.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Some historians believe that Pierre Ordiner himself developed the absinthe recipe.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The doctor prescribed absinthe to his patients almost as a panacea for any disease.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Later, entrepreneur Henri Dubier bought a secret recipe for the drink and established its mass production with the help of his friend Henri-Louis Pernault in 1798.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The sale of absinthe went well, which made it necessary to open a new plant in Pontarlier in 1805, which later became the main center for the production of the drink, the plant was called Pernod, absinthe is still produced under this brand [13].


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Distribution


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The popularity of absinthe increased dramatically during the French colonial wars in North Africa, which began in 1830 and peaked in 1844—47.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The French military was given a certain amount of absinthe to prevent malaria, dysentery and other diseases, as well as to disinfect drinking water.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Absinthe was so effective that it became firmly established in French army life from Madagascar to Indochina.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

At the same time, North African troops began to experience increasing cases of paranoid schizophrenia, called “le cafard”.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Among French colonists and emigrants in Algeria, the fashion for absinthe has also spread.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

In 1888, absinthe was widely distributed in France.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The popularity of absinthe in France was equal to that of wine.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The New York Times noted that in France, girls between 18 and 20 years old suffer from cirrhosis of the liver much more often than in other countries, and the reason is addiction to absinthe.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

This hobby was explained by the special taste of women for absinthe.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

They drank it more often undiluted because they did not want to drink much because of the corset.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Connoisseurs argued that even white wine may seem unclean after absinthe.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Absinthe has a special flavor, like menthol cigarettes.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Over time, absinthe “polled”.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Whereas earlier “old Algerian warriors and bourgeois idlers consumed this dubious potion, which smells like they were rinsing their mouths”, around 1860 absinthe began to descend from bohemian heights to the level simple workers.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

At its best, absinthe was quite an expensive drink, but with the advent of cheap brands, it became much more affordable and harmful.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

There are several reasons for the “infection” of workers with a bourgeois habit.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

But in general, the picture looks like this: a reduction in the working day to 8 hours, an increase in wages, the death of vineyards from phylloxera in the 1870s and 1880s and, as a result, an increase in the cost of wine.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Accordingly, the cost of grape alcohol, which was previously used in the manufacture of absinthe, increased, producers turned to industrial alcohol, which made absinthe 7-10 times cheaper than wine.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The cheapest absinthe was a real poison, and it was consumed by workers in dubious eateries, which sometimes did not even have tables and chairs, but only a zinc rack.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Since 1880, absinthe has been strongly associated with schizophrenia, suffering and death.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

It was called “bottle madness” (French: la folie en bouteille).


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Consumption of the drink grew every year.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

If in 1874 it was 700,000 liters per year, by 1910 it was already 36,000,000 liters.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

It is not surprising that absinthe had more and more opponents — “If absinthe is not banned, our country will quickly turn into a huge felt chamber, where one half of the French will wear straitjackets to the other.”


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Bans


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

In July 1905, Gene Landfrey, a Swiss farmer and famous absinthia, shot his entire family — consumed by large amounts of absinthe and other alcoholic beverages farmer on the same day, glasses of mint liqueur, glasses of cognac, two cups of coffee with cognac, three liters of wine did not find such an enthusiastic response from the newspapers.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

This story occupied the front pages of European newspapers, as a result of which 82,450 people signed a petition to the authorities asking for a ban on absinthe in Switzerland.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

As a result of a referendum on July 5, 1908, absinthe was banned.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

In addition, mass alcoholism among French workers and mass shortages in the army due to the general deterioration of the health of conscripts (this was associated with the widespread use of absinthe) on the eve of the Great the wars led on August 16, 1914 to an attempt by the French Chamber of Deputies to ban the sale of absinthe on the basis of fears “that Teutons drinking beer would exterminate the decadent French absinthe drinkers.”


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

At the same time, a military poster was distributed showing a woman in a pointed helmet characteristic of German troops preparing absinthe.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

In March 1915, with the support of the so-called “wine lobby”, not only the sale, but also the production of absinthe was banned in France.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Earlier, in 1912, the US Senate voted to ban “all drinks containing thujone” (in the 1980s, this law supplemented another law that banned US military personnel use absinthe even abroad).


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Ultimately, absinthe was actually expelled from many countries around the world: Switzerland, the USA, France, Belgium, Italy, Bulgaria, Germany.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Absinthe came to be called a drug [14].


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

From the 1930s to the end of the 1980s, absinthe existed in a semi-legal position, either in the form of substitutes: anise vodka, wormwood leaves soaked in vodka, and the like.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Legalization


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The place where absinthe returns to the market is Great Britain, or rather Scotland.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

It was never banned there, but even after persecution in other countries, it was completely unpopular until 1998, when the Czech brand Hill's, founded in 1920, launched the drink on the British market.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

To a large extent, the success of this enterprise was facilitated by celebrities, in particular Johnny Depp, while in the UK on the set of the film “Sleepy Hollow”, told how he repeatedly used absinthe with Hunter S. Thompson on the set of Fear and Hate in Las Vegas.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

In general, the success of the Czech brand is difficult to explain, because the taste of this absinthe did not meet basic requirements.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

“This absinthe is drunk to get drunk quickly; only a masochist adds water to it to prolong its effect.”


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

This phrase, which can only be heard in nightclubs or among wealthy alcoholics, nevertheless correctly conveys the fact that such a product was used as a narcotic drug, and not actually as a drink (by definition, a table drink of such a strength cannot be).


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

High-quality, on the contrary, does not cause intoxication so quickly, although it surpasses, except for the “bad”, all known drinks containing ethyl alcohol.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Hill's was scolded by all qualified critics of alcohol products and producers; a year later, with the assistance of Marie-Claude Delahey, the chief French expert on absinthe and creator of the absinthe museum, a new brand “La Fee” was released, which could be consumed without experiencing such unpleasant taste sensations and other consequences, albeit with precautions.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

The marketing policy of the manufacturer took into account the comic attitude of the British to the “most dangerous of poisons”, a number of actions were clearly “frivolous” in nature, unusual for alcohol advertising.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

This led to a more “positive” image of absinthe — downplayed harmful and slightly sinister; never before had highly toxic alcohol had such a “rosy” reputation.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

In 2004, the Swiss Parliament voted to legalize absinthe, which had been banned since 1907.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

On July 24, 2004, a court in Amsterdam overturned the Dutch law of 1909 prohibiting absinthe.


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

Absinthe producers are now required to comply with restrictions imposed by the European Union, according to which the amount of thujone in absinthe should not exceed 10 mg/kg (35 mg/kg since 2008).


Question: Why is absinthe green?

Absinthe

However, these norms are often violated by unscrupulous producers.