Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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, in the Eurasian steppes, in the Caucasus (Koban culture), in Central Asia, in Hellas, bronze have just begun to enter widespread use.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Stone and bone were also widely used there.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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It is only from the second period of the Late Bronze Age that they disappear.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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But in Transcaucasia, obsidian tips were used at the beginning of the Iron Age.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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And in Persia — in the 5th century BC.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In the pre-Scythian period, two-bladed bronze tips with a diamond-shaped head prevailed.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Only in the late (Scythian) period did metal tips become a common and mass product.


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Moreover, the Ancient East did not know such a mass character.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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[24] It was bushed ones that were used in the steppe.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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They have two or less three blades.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Two-bladed ones can still be equipped with a hook-shaped spike extending from the sleeve.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In three-bladed ones, the blades themselves can be prickly at the base.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Later trihedral bushed tips, often having spikes at the base, are also massive.


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Their ribs were sometimes sharpened on purpose.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The tips of the Scythian types were quite widespread, and they were made either by local masters of the forest-steppe, or they were supplied from the Greek cities of the Northern Black Sea region.


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They were cast from tin or lead-tin bronze.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Tompak or brass were used less often for tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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[25] Under the influence of the obvious effectiveness of the Cimmerian-Scythian arrows, bronze tips, now of Scythian forms, are again coming into use in the Ancient East.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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This was also due to a change in military tactics, since the much larger number of tips that became necessary is easier to cast en masse from bronze than to forge each one from iron.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The Scythians used iron forged tips, but much less often, since it is quite difficult to make bushed tips by forging.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Outwardly, they look like bronze.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Bone and wooden tips also repeat the shape of bronze ones.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Bones were cut out of the bone with a knife.


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Bullet-shaped ones could be machined on the simplest lathe, as they bear traces of the cutter.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Bone tips were often thoroughly polished.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The wooden ones were integral with the arrow shaft.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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From the beginning to the 2nd floor.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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6th century BC


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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in the Black Sea region, tips with pointed spikes replaced two other types without dedicated spikes with a laurel and holly feather.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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At the same time, three-bladed bushed tips of the Scythian type are widely distributed in Central Asia, including those with pointed spikes, with a dedicated and hidden sleeve.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In the Middle East, the emergence of early and late types of Eurasian tips correlates well with the campaigns of the Cimmerians to Egypt and the Mediterranean (7th century BC) and the Scythians to Medes, Syria and Palestine (70s gg 7th century — early 6th century BC).


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The presence of archaic Cimmerian three-bladed spikeless tips in Iran is explained by the presence of the Median contingent there, and the late Scythian in Egypt and other places (2nd floor. 6th-5th centuries BC) - Central Asian steppe people serving in the Achaemenid garrisons (saki haumavarga and tigrahauda).


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But Eurasian bronze tips did not replace the local types of iron tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Both were in use in the Middle East.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Among the nomads of the Eastern Steppe of the 1st millennium BC


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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bronze tips with three types of nozzles were used: sleeve, petiole and clamping.


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The latter are two or three blades.


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The petioles were flattened - for attaching to wooden poles.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Unlike the long round petioles of Chinese bronze arrows of the Qin and Western Zhou era, where the petioles were wrapped in cloth and inserted into bamboo or reed shafts.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Arabs used arrows with lead sinkers to hunt large birds [30].


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Similar, lead-weighted tips were also found in the Romans.


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At the same time, their weight has been increased from 5 g to 19 and 45 g [31]


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Nomads of late antiquity (2nd century BC — 5th century AD) (Sarmatians, Huns, Tesins and Tashtyks in the Minusinsk Basin, Kokels in Tuva) in the initial period used the same bronze tips as the Scythians, without making new changes.


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Later, they switched to simpler to make petiole tips made of iron, which replaced the bronze ones.


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In the west, the Sarmatians were the first to switch to iron tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In the east, the Huns were an example to follow.


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But the Huns, Kokels and some other Eastern nomads have always used a certain amount of bronze.


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The Huns also know bimetallic tips.


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The set of Kokel tips (II-V centuries AD) is also very diverse, which is not quite comparable to the Hunn one.


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The most massive tips of this period are iron three-bladed, derived from the three-bladed Scythian type.


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They were suitable for firing at an unprotected enemy and cavalry and, possibly, were used to capture civilians [32].


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Their tips widened, the span of the blades increased.


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This increased the ballistic properties (stability in flight) and the damaging qualities (increase in the impact surface) of the arrows.


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Such tips have become popular with many nomad neighbors.


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Four-bladed tips were a rare form among different peoples.


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They can be considered as a trial version.


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[33] [34]


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Flat tips of various shapes were also widely used in the Asian steppes.


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Some of them apparently came directly from flint tips, which were then and later used in the Siberian taiga.


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Flat tips, in addition to various shapes, are also divided into wide, narrow and “cuts”.


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The wide ones were intended to fire at an unprotected enemy.


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The widest are cavalry.


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Narrow ones with a massive tip can be used against armor.


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Slaughters (in other words, “sector” and “tomars”) were used later - throughout the Middle Ages.


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The working blades of the shears are slightly protruding forward, flat, moon-shaped or dovetail shaped.


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There are different opinions about their purpose.


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Judging by the images, they were used to hunt birds and animals.


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They break bones and cause wide chopped wounds, from which the animal inevitably bleeds.


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They also have a wider target capture area and have an anti-ricochet effect.


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The latter is useful for fighting armor warriors [35].


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Shears can also perform some special tasks, such as cutting ropes.


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The largest ones could be used — along with large three-bladed and flat ones — to fire at enemy cavalry.


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There are also three-bladed cuts.


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Asian steppe dwellers also used many varieties of “tiered forms” tips.


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These tips combine the properties of conventional three-bladed and shear tips.


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The Huns also had a small number of iron “armor-piercing tips” (triangular triangular triangular and tetrahedral elongated rhombic).


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The same role was played by bronze faceted tips of Scythian types and bimetallic (bronze bushed with an iron petiole).


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Three types of armor-piercing are known among Kokels and one in the Upper Ob culture.


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There is another type of steppe dwellers - “warheads”.


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They are distinguished by an elongated neck with an emphasis.


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It is believed that this form contributes to a deeper penetration into the body.


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This, of course, is not the case.


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Bone tips continued to be used.


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There are many forms of them.


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The eastern steppes are characterized by a peculiar shape of bone tips with a forked lining.


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Similar ones have been used in Siberia since the Chalcolithic era, but apparently distributed in Southern Siberia, the Hunna.


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The tribes of the Verkhneb culture had a wide variety of bone tips.


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Kokels, on the contrary, had few types of bone tips.


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All-wooden arrows of Kokels are known, used for hunting fur animals.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Whistling arrows


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During this period, and then the medieval nomads of North-Eastern Eurasia used the so-called “whistle arrows” (for example, the Huns, the Mongols).


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They were also used by Buryats, Turks, Chinese, Japanese and others.


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Including in Eastern Europe and Russia.


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Such an arrow, most often, on the shaft, below the tip, had a bone whistle in the form of a ball, elongated or biconical faceted in shape, provided with holes.


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Sometimes they were even put on three or four pieces.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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A rarer type is one-piece tips with whistles, having convex cavities with holes at the base or outwardly similar to bone elongated rounded iron cavities with holes in place of the neck.


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Whistlers also served as a coupling that prevented the shaft from splitting the shaft with the tip petiole.


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This is supported by the fact that whistles were more often supplied with large three-bladed tips, as well as the presence of “whistles” without holes at all.


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It is believed that the purpose of whistling arrows is to intimidate the enemy and his horses.


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There is information that such arrows indicated the direction of the shelling and gave other commands.


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[33] [36] [37] They were also used during hunting, both for large animals and for squirrels (Buryats) [38].


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At the same time, the tip itself could be removed from the arrow.


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[39] In China and the Mongols, other types of whistling arrows were also used.


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They have large hollow tips (sometimes up to 10 cm in diameter) with holes in the front and sides through which air breaks through during flight.


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The same ones have been used recently in Japan.


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[40] [41] [42]


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The tips of the Middle Ages


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In many regions: Prikamye, the Volga region, the forest-steppe zone of southern Russia, the North Caucasus, Western Siberia, the southern steppe regions of Western Siberia in the early Middle Ages (the second half of the 1st thousand), when new nomads (Turks, Uighurs, Kimaks, Kyrgyz, Kurykans) began to operate in the historical arena, continued to use three-bladed and trihedral lobed iron tips.


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They are disappearing everywhere by the 10th century due to the increase in the use of protective weapons.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Although flat tips were in use in the early period, they were later switched to everywhere.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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To combat armor, armor-piercing tips were also used, the number of which increased compared to the previous era.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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They have a faceted stylet-like shape or, less often, the shape of a narrow chisel and are able to pierce chain mail or even not the most durable plate armor.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Bone tips intended to defeat an unprotected enemy were also common.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In the early Middle Ages, the forests of Western Siberia used a largely similar set of tip types as in the steppes.


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But there were also original ones, which are further developed in later ethnographic tips.


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For example, some narrow test-shaped tips have a warhead deployed ninety degrees relative to the common plane.


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During the conquests of the XIII-XIV centuries, the number of three-bladed tips among the Mongols significantly decreased in favor of flat (including shears) and armor-piercing ones.


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This is due to the increase in the intensity of shooting at short distances, the need to fight an armored enemy and the fact that the warriors had a larger supply of arrows with them.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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At the same time, the Mongols also had very large and heavy flat tips, which were supplied with thicker arrows.


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This testifies to the significant power of Mongolian bows.


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Bone petiole tips and arrows with wooden bulges at the end were also used.


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[44] [45]


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Old Russian tips


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Old Russian tips were also diverse.


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They were called “sting”, “iron”, “spear”.


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Bone tips, apparently, prevailed in Eastern Europe long before our era.


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They persisted the longest (until the 14th century) among the Finno-Ugric peoples of Prikamye and in the Vyatka basin.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In Russia, since the second half of the 1st millennium, they were quickly replaced by iron ones.


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In the 10th—14th centuries, bone tips were very rare.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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At this time, they imitate different types of iron tips in shape.


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In Russia, both bushed and petiolate iron tips were used.


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The bushings accounted for only about 1% (also throughout Eastern Europe).


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They were used more on the western borders (as well as in adjacent Central European countries), as well as in the Kama River basin, where they were known even before our era.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Both bushed and petioled included similar types of tips: three-bladed (until the 10th century), flat, faceted (armor-piercing).


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Spiked tips were not widely used, although they were used.


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It is possible that in Russia such arrows were called “veregi” or “severgi”.


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There is even a type where one spike is directed backwards and the other is forward.


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This tip cannot be removed by pushing through or turning it in the wound in the opposite direction.


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A tip in the form of a small jail or trident with prickly teeth is also known.


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Hunting arrows were “tomars” (“arrow tomar”, “tomara”), which had thimble tips designed for hunting fur animals climbing trees, as well as birds.


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These tips may be iron, but more often they are bone.


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They can be rounded or cut at the tip.


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The latter type was also used in combat.


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Tomar may have a leather wrapper at the end instead of a tip.


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Armor-piercing tips appeared in Eastern Europe since the 1st millennium and became most common from the 8th—9th to the 14th centuries — during the widest use of chain mail and plate armor — and existed until the end of the Middle Ages.


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They are divided into subulate, pyramidal and lanceolate, with many varieties.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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It is possible that arrows with hardened armor-piercing tips were called “hardened” [46].


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There were also known “cuts” (“undercuts”).


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Narrower and sharper sharpened ones were used in war, and less sharp narrow and wide two-horned ones - when hunting waterfowl.


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There is almost no mention of special incendiary arrows in Russia.


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Spiked “veregs” were used for them.


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They were widely used in Western Europe, where spiked tips were also mandatory for this purpose.


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This allowed the arrow to catch on and not fall to the ground.


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Whistling arrows were used - “fistulas”.


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These are barrel-shaped hollow tomars with a faceted tip.


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They were made of bone, ivory, fish bone.


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There were one or two holes on the side or on the edges of the tip.


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[39] [48]


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Western Europe


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The iron Western European tips of the Middle Ages can be divided into five types.


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Blade blades were used in the same way both in war and hunting.


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Edge-jagged (English: barbed - from barb - notch).


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Barbeds could have both very small spikes and consist of two spikes.


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Spiked arrows were used for incendiary arrows.


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Armor-piercing conical (English: bodkin) are purely military needle-shaped tips.


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The Bodkins were not fixed with a carnation on the shaft.


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Before the battle, they were put on a sleeve on the conical end of the shaft.


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Thus, the tip remained in the opponent's body.


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They could pierce chain mail or plate armor.


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For better penetration, these tips were waxed.


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Two-toothed needle-shaped tips were used to defeat through chain mail, but did not penetrate too deep.


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Bigheads (English: broadhead) - hunting tips.


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The smallest broadheads were sometimes used in war.


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Large types with a solid head or with a widely divergent “mustache” were used extremely rarely in war.


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These are expensive hunting tips.


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Therefore, their bushings were fixed to the shaft with studs.


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To realize their cutting ability when hunting a beast, such arrows were fired from a fairly close range.


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Fork-shaped (cuts) were used in hunting.


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They are also called the “robber type”.


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Depending on the size, they were called “small moon” and “big moon”.


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Chisel tips that do not have a deep cutout on the blade are close to them.


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During the hunt, a bushed tip was also used with teeth directed forward in the form of a crown in the front part.


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Incendiary arrows could have not only spiked tips, but also in the form of a hollow openwork container with a point in the front.


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For accurate shooting and shooting at long distances, petiole conical tips made of horn or hard wood were used.


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Only the best shooters had such arrows.


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It was common to use arrows without tips on them.


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The pointed end of the arrow shaft itself has sufficient penetrating power.


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They were also waxed.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Some petioles had petioles twisted around an axis, which made it possible to screw them into the shafts.


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There were also tips with a conical spiral head, which were designed for rotating arrows.


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Nippon


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Japanese yano-ne arrowheads are as diverse as they were everywhere in the Middle Ages.


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The combat tips are called “yanagi-ha”.


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They are divided into four classes.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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“Yasagi-ha” (willow leaf) is a variety of conventional armor-piercing tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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“Togari ya” are pointed and fairly wide flat tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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“Karimata” (split arrow) or, in other words, “rope cutters” are cuts, more often with a deep recess and a width of up to 16.25 cm.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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“Watakushi” (flesh destroyers) are spiked tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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One of the varieties of the latter class has movable spikes that move apart when trying to pull an arrow out of a wound.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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(Tips with a similar device were also used in 17th century Turkey).


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In addition to dividing into classes, varieties of tips have their own names, for example, “dragon tongue”, “sword point”, “water plantain”, etc.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In addition to combat tips, there are decorated carved and inlaid tips for parades and religious offerings.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The tips of the new age


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In the XVIII-XIX centuries, archery was already a thing of the past in the advanced countries of the world or was used as entertainment.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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But medieval and older traditions continued on the periphery, including in the area under consideration.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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So it was at this time that in Africa, where there was a long tradition of iron processing, the greatest variety of types of iron tips were made.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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But at the same time, stone and bone stones were also used there [51].


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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And, for example, in the forest zone of Siberia, ancient types of iron tips received the most exquisite and logically complete design [52].


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Stone and bone tips continued to be used in the most remote corners.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The Eskimos used removable (like harpoons) arrowheads made of deer antler.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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They had one or more spikes on the side.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Some were supplied with an additional stone tip.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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[53] Until the 18th century, the Chukchi made arrowheads not only from stone and deer antler, but also from whalebone [54].


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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And the Californian Indian Isha already at the beginning of the 20th century clearly showed scientists the method of making stone tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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(A similar skill was demonstrated by Aboriginal Australians.) Nevertheless, during the colonial era, there was a transition from stone to iron (copper was also used).


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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This was observed both in North America and in remote areas of Siberia.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Also in the museum collections there are jail arrows from different parts of the world designed for shooting fish.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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These large arrows may have a carved serrated tip at the thicker front end or have the same insert made of harder wood or metal.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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For small fish, they are supplied with 2-7 long serrated wooden, bone, horn or wire iron needles.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Some peoples used tips with several wooden needles to hunt birds, especially small ones.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The oldest analogues of such tips have not survived to this day due to the fragility of the tree.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Indians of North America


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Perhaps the transition from a spearthrower to a bow in North America took place only around 700 AD.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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, when, for example, small tips, the so-called “bird tips”, appear in the South - East.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Since the mid-1500s, tips made of iron, steel and brass began to appear.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Iroquois used iron tips at the beginning of the 17th century. They first bought them from Dutch colonists, and later carved them out of sheet iron themselves.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The 1700s were marked by the manufacture, along with stone, of bottle glass tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The Indians of the Great Plains in the 19th century no longer made stone tips, as they switched to metal ones.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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But they were used if they were found on the surface of the earth.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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However, in the South-West, stone tips were not completely replaced by iron ones and continued to be manufactured.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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At this time, tips made of bone, deer antler, hardened vein, wooden (including in the form of a forked harpoon for fishing) or simply from a sharpened reed were also used for hunting.


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At the same time, among the Indians, the purpose of the arrow was determined mainly by the tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Deer antler tips were often made, for example, saouki.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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To do this, the horn was boiled in water until softened.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Then they planed with a knife, cut and bent spikes, made a conical hole in the porous base.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The tip was placed on the shaft with glue.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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After the horn hardened, the thorns were sharpened with a rough stone.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The buffalo tips, which were used by some tribes on the plain, are distinguished by the fact that they do not break when they hit the bone.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The wooden tips were a cone-shaped or top-shaped thickening cut at the end of the arrow, a fork-shaped split end of the shaft or a crosshair perpendicular to the shaft of small sticks on the front end.


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They were used for hunting birds, small animals and for driving away dogs.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Blunt arrows were also used to shoot at the target.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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When using arrow reeds, mainly by the Indians of the Southwest (Navajo, Apache) and California, an elongated hardwood insert was used at the front end.


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It could simply be sharpened to the edge or have a notch for a stone or metal tip.


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European merchants and blacksmiths supplied the Indians with sheet iron tips.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The Indians made them themselves, using rings from barrels or the bottom of pans.


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Even iron from women's corsets was used.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Most of the iron tips were flat, although they were also used in the form of a cone rolled up from sheet metal.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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They were also known with a sleeve riveted to the base.


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Hunting tips had beveled sharpened hangers, which made it easier to remove the arrow.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The shoulders of the military were cut perpendicular to the axis or were studded.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The hunting tips were also firmly fixed to the shaft with glue and winding.


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And the military was weakly attached and remained in the wound when trying to pull out the arrow.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The sizes of the iron tips ranged from 2 inches to 3 inches or more.


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The smallest (often prickly) were 1 inch long or smaller.


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Few tribes used poisoned arrows.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Rattlesnake venom, decoctions of plants and rodent skins, a mixture of crushed ants and an animal spleen were used, which was placed to rot in the sun.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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But most often, apparently, there was simply infection from rust and a substance that dried up on the tip.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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According to custom, some tribes (Apaches, Comanches) did not use the arrow that killed a person a second time because of human blood on the tip.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The Comanches and some other tribes placed hunting tips on the shaft in the same plane as the bowstring notch, which corresponds to the vertical arrangement of the ribs in animals.


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Military tips were inserted horizontally.


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Although it doesn't make much sense, because the arrow still rotates somehow in flight.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Modern tips


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Sports tips


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Sports and training tips should provide the arrow with the least resistance in flight, be the least dependent on the wind and have a not very large penetrating power to easily get out of the target.


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Therefore, they have a bullet-shaped, conical, double-cone or rounded striker shape.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Whistling tips with a through hole in the front part are also produced.


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For wooden arrows, bushed tips in the form of caps are used.


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Pipe shafts are equipped with tips that have a petiole made of a smaller diameter tube rolled into the head.


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This shank also reinforces the front end of the shaft.


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The sports tips are fixed to the shaft using molten shellac.


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To change it, heat the front of the tube.


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Also, the standard method of attaching sports and training tips is a threaded connection.


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For this purpose, there is a thread on the tip shank.


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And it is screwed into an “insert” (English: insert) - an aluminum or plastic adapter with an internal thread, glued into a tube shaft.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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They come in two forms.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Some are placed entirely in the shaft, while others protrude half from it.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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The latter center the tip better, but at the same time lengthen the arrow.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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To connect the threaded tip to the wooden shaft, an adapter is used, that is, a special adapter.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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But you need to know that an arrow with a threaded tip connection can be equated with edged weapons.


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It is desirable to equip sports arrows with tips of the same weight.


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In general, their existing weights are multiples of 10 grains.


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Hunting tips


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In Russia, hunting with onions is strictly prohibited, so the information below is purely informative.


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The weight of hunting tips is determined in grains (1 UAH = 0.0648 g).


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There are tips in 90, 100, 125, 145 gran.


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The tips are 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-blade.


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The blades can be fixed, replaceable and self-opening (mechanical).


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The latter category, in addition to a small flat or faceted head, is equipped with 2nd, 3rd or 4th retractable long spikes.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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In the latter species, the spikes are distributed in pairs on both sides, which should cause a particularly wide wound.


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Before hitting the target, the spikes are folded, with the ends forward, so some of these tips are not inferior to sports tips in streamlining.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Sometimes large paddle tips are equipped with free-rotation inserts, which, according to the design, should reduce lateral drift from the wind and make it easier to bypass the bone.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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A separate category is made up of stun guns - blunt tips with wire spikes that move apart after hitting the target.


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Modern hunting tips are threaded to the shaft.


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Moreover, some inserts for them are equipped with vibration dampers.


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The most effective and versatile are flat 2-edge tips.


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They have the greatest penetrating power — they often pierce the beast through and are most effective when they hit the bone.


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They are less blown away by the wind than others.


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The 3-blade ones already have a large windage, and the 4-blade ones blow away quite a lot.


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Tips with replaceable blades are fragile, especially when they hit the bone.


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But complex tips sometimes break down even when they get into soft tissues.


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Multi-edge and self-opening tips are designed to cause the widest, most traumatic to organs and severely bleeding wounds.


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But in reality, they can lose in efficiency to simple 2-blade well-sharpened tips made of hardened and tempered steel.


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Mechanical tips — for game up to 150 kg. For a beast of 100-250 kg, a tip weighing 100-125 grains with fixed blades is suitable.


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Stun guns are designed for hunting small animals and birds.


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In addition, for hunting small game, there is a blunt arrow with transverse wire petals.


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For fishing, a tip is designed that has a wire spring mustache in place of the zhalets.


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See also


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Bolt (gun)


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Bow (weapon)


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Strela


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Notes


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Literature


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Avanesova N. A. On the question of bronze arrows of steppe tribes of the Bronze Age//Materials on the history and archeology of Uzbekistan.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Proceedings of Samarkand State University.


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— Samarkand: Samarkand University, 1975.


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— P. 27—60.


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Berezanskaya S. S., Otroshchenko V. V., Cherednichenko N. N., Shrafutdinova I. N. Bronze Age cultures on the territory of Ukraine.


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— Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1986.


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— 166 p.


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Bogaevsky B.


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L. The technique of primitive communist society — Ch. I//History of technology — T. I//Proceedings of the Institute of History of Science and Technology of the Academy of Sciences


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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— M. — L.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1936.


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— Ser.


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IV, no.


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— M.: Progress, 1990.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Siberian Publishing Company, 1994.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Kiryushin Yu.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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un-ta, 2002.


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Korobeynikov A. V., Mityukov N. IN. — Izhevsk: NOU KIT Publ., 2007.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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un-ta, 2002.


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— ISBN 5-7904-0251-8.


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Medvedev A. //Archaeology of the USSR.


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Collection of archaeological sources.


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— M.: Nauka, 1966.


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— Vol.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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Medvedskaya I. N. Metal arrowheads of the Far East and Eurasian steppes of the 2nd — first half of the 1st millennium BC


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— NO. 3 — P. 76—89.


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Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

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K. A large encyclopedia of weapons and armor.


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Weapons and armor of all times and people/Per from English.


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— Kiev: Naukova Dumka Publ., 1976.


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Khudyakov Yu.


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S. Armament of the Yenisei Kyrgyz VI—XII centuries. — Novosibirsk: Science, Siberian Branch, 1980.


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Khudyakov Yu.


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— Novosibirsk: Science, Siberian Branch, 1986.


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— PP. 30—43, 54—59, 68—78, 92—99, 111—117, 128—130, 143—150, 171, 172, 183—190, 209—211.


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Chernenko E.


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IN. Scythian archers.


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— Kiev: Naukova Dumka Publ., 1981.


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— P. 10, 26—28, 95—103.


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— Vol.


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XI.


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— P. 165—168.


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Arrowhead

Shokarev Yu.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

IN. Bows and crossbows.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— M.: AST, Astrel, 2001.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— (Weapon history).


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— P. 27—31.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— ISBN 5-17-004579-4, ISBN 5-271-01457-6.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

Shulga P. //Materials on military archaeology of Altai and adjacent territories.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— Barnaul: Izd-vo Alt.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

un-ta, 2002.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— P. 43—61.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— ISBN 5-7904-0251-8.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

. — ISBN 978-1-4097-8313-8.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

Handbook to the Ethnographic Collections.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

British Museum/Second edition.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— England: Oxford University Press, 1925.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— 319 p.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

Hothem L. Arrowheads & Projectile Points.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— USA: A Division of Schroeder Publishing Co.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

, Inc.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

, 1997.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— (Collector Books. Identification & Values).


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— 224 p.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

Hurst T.D. How to Classify the Projectile Points from Monitor Valley, Nevada//Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology.


Question: What was the name of combat arrowheads in Japan?

Arrowhead

— 1981.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

— No. 3.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

— P. 7—43.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

Mails Thomas E. The Mysnic Warriors of the Plains.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

— Tulsa, Oklahoma: Council Oak Books, 1991.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

— S. 425—430.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

Willey Gordon R. An Introduction to American Archeology.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

Volume one: North and Middle America.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

— Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

, 1966.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

— 530 p.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

Wyckoff D.G. The cultural sequence of the Packard Site, Mayes County.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

— Oklahoma: Archaeological Site Report, 1964.


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

References


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

(in English)


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

(in English)


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

Category:Archaeological artifacts


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

Category:Archaeological artefacts by type


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

Category:History of weapons


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

Category:Stone industry


Question: What did Japan call combat arrowheads?

Arrowhead

Category:Bow (weapon)


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

During the years of the Civil War in Russia (1917-1922), a number of major historical events took place in Kharkov: Soviet power in Ukraine was proclaimed (December 1917), the city was the capital of Donetsk -Krivoy Rog Republic (February-April 1918), was under German occupation and as part of Hetmanat Skoropadsky (May-November 1918), under the rule of the Directory of the UPR (November-December 1918), after which Soviet power was established in it for the second time (January-June 1919) and Kharkov became the capital of the Ukrainian SSR (in March 1919), then the city came under the control of the forces of the White Movement and became the center of the military region of the White Guards (June-December 1919), and since December 1919, Soviet power was finally established in it for the third time and Kharkov again became the capital of the Ukrainian SSR.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

October 1917 — early February 1918


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The first months after the October uprising in Petrograd


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

After the overthrow of the Provisional Government by the Bolsheviks in Petrograd on October 25, 1917, the status of Kharkov was uncertain.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The main influence on the further course of events in the city was the actions of the Central Rada in Kiev, which seeks to declare Kharkov Ukrainian territory, as well as Bolshevik organizations seeking to take power by establishing its control over the emerging system of Soviets.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The Central Rada raised the issue of “the unification of Ukrainian lands”.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On November 12, it decided [1]:


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

To extend the full power of the General Secretariat to all separated lands of Ukraine, where the majority of people are Ukrainians, namely Kherson, Yekaterinoslav, Kharkiv, mainland Tavria, Kholmshchina, part of Kursk and Voronezh regions.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In the Third Universal of the Central Rada of November 20, 1917, Kharkiv and Yekaterinoslav regions were unconditionally and unilaterally considered by the Rada as Ukrainian territory.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Bolshevik activities and formation of Soviets


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

(see


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

also Kharkov operation (1917))


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In contrast, the process of establishing the power of the Soviets on the ground has intensified, especially in industrial and proletarian centers, [1] including in Kharkov.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Despite the fact that the Soviets were originally formed as representative offices of all political parties and movements, the majority in them were gradually taken over by the Bolsheviks.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In Kharkov, the Bolsheviks managed to take the Soviets almost under full control by December 1917 — January 1918.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

One of the episodes of the struggle in the city for power was the confrontation between the Soviets and the 29th Armor Division, partially loyal to the Provisional Government, partly to the Central Rada, which was located on the street Mironositskaya.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

This is how Alexei Selyavkin, one of the first Soviet tankers, describes the disarmament of the division:


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In the evening I was suddenly summoned to V. A. Antonova-Ovseenko.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

— We have decided to immediately disarm the twenty-ninth separate armored division on Mironositskaya.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Immediately!


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

- said in a calm, quiet voice V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko, looking firmly through the glasses.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

— Your squad, Comrade Selyavkin, will take part in this operation.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Preparations for it according to the plan should be carried out in an arch


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

... Late at night on November 9, groups of soldiers of the 30th regiment, Red Guards and sailors Sievers and Khovrin secretly cordoned off the barracks of the 29th separate armored division.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The operation began at a signal — a cannon shot...


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

My heavy armored car of the Peerless system, armed with a 45 mm cannon and three machine guns, standing in shelter behind the German church building on Teatralnaya Square, was supposed to use this signal on a large speed to approach the gate of the barracks and close it, standing across.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

But no matter how secretly the preparation was going on, the enemy was on the alert.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

His armored cars were heated in the courtyard of the barracks, ready for exit and battle.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Our crew completed the task exactly.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

After closing the gate, he turned off the engine, slowed down with a handbrake and put the lever on speed.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

“Peerless” froze in black on the spot.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The department was trapped: armored cars could not go outside to turn around and take the battle.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

A group of sailors under the command of Khovrin and the Red Guards, covered by the fire of the detachment's armored cars, ran up to the barracks with one throw and threw bottle grenades at its yard.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

After a small machine-gun exchange of fire, the officers, seeing the meaninglessness of resistance, fled under cover of night, and the crews abandoned by them surrendered.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Proclamation of Soviet power


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets was convened in Kiev and took place there on December 17 [O.S.], 1917. Some of the delegates (Bolsheviks) left it and held an alternative congress in Kharkov.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

According to the Ukrainian historian V. Soldatenko, the Bolsheviks of the South-Western Territory in November 1917 proposed to convene the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets to solve the most pressing problems of life at that time.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

This idea was supported by many local councils.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

According to another historian, Savchenko V.A.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

in early December (before the opening of the congress), plans for an attack on Ukraine were already developed [3].


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Even before the start of the alternative congress in Kharkov, the city was under the control of Antonov-Ovseenko's detachments.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On December 24-25, 1917, in Kharkov, in the building of the former Nobility Appeal, the 1st All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets was held, which proclaimed Ukraine the People's Republic of Soviets, announced the overthrow of power The Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the Soviets elected the Central Rada, the establishment of federal ties between Soviet Ukraine and Soviet Russia.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

[1] On December 27, the People's Secretariat, the first Soviet government of Ukraine, was separated from the CEC.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Kharkiv and the armed conflict with the Central Rada


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The Soviet authorities of Kharkov took an active part in the armed conflict with the Central Rada.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In January 1918, from Kharkov in the direction of Poltava under the command of M. Muravyov was made by a combined detachment of Kharkov Red Guards, Red Cossacks V. Primakov and one armored train — 700 fighters in total [5].


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On January 29, these troops took part in the battle near Kruty, where they captured 34 prisoners from the student hundred, who were sent by train to Kharkov, and then released.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

February-April 1918 Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

By the end of 1917 and the beginning of 1918, the idea of separating the Donetsk and Krivoy Rog basins from the rest of Ukraine took shape.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The reason for this was the position of the Bolsheviks of the Left Bank regarding the difference between the Donetsk and Krivoy Rog basins from the economic foundations of the rest of Ukraine, the problematic entry of Doncrivbas into the composition of Ukraine.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

[1] At the fourth regional congress of Soviets of Workers' Deputies of the Donetsk and Krivoy Rog basins, which took place on February 9-12, 1918, the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic was proclaimed with its capital in Kharkiv.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Artyom (F. A. Sergeev).


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Four ministerial portfolios in the government of the DKR were offered to the Social Revolutionaries.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

[7] The creation of the DKR was opposed to the Ukrainian People's Republic, previously proclaimed by the Central Rada, which the Bolsheviks perceived as bourgeois [8].


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The capital of DKR


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The main economic body of the DKR was the Southern Regional Council of the National Economy, which is located in the premises of the current Motor Transport Technical School on Constitution Square.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In March 1918, the People's Commissariat of Education of the DKR banned the closure of schools, introduced free education for poor children, opened literacy courses, kindergartens, and developed a program to create summer camps.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The fall of the DKR and the entry of Germans into the city


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On March 3, 1918, the Brest Peace Treaty was signed between the Bolsheviks and the Germans, according to which the territory of the DKR, together with Kharkov, was in the zone of German occupation.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In early March, the Council of People's Commissars of the DKR, which objects to the occupation of the republic by the Germans, begins to create the Donetsk army.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

By April 5, it had 13,000 members.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The Germans moved eastward, and began the occupation of the Donetsk and Krivoy Rog basins.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

At the beginning of April 1918, German troops approached Kharkov.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On April 7, the Germans entered the city from Yekaterinoslavskaya Street.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The DKR government was in the city until the last, Artyom and his associates left the city council building only when the Germans occupied the South Station.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The government of the DKR moved first to Lugansk, and then on April 28, 1918 was evacuated beyond the Don.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

April-December 1918.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Ukrainian power of Skoropadsky


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

(see


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

also the Ukrainian State, the German occupation of Kharkov (1918))


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Together with the Germans, the Zaporizhzhya Corps under the command of UPR Colonel P. Bolbochan, who, with the consent of General Zurab Natiev, appointed the commander of the 4th Zaporizhzhya Regiment as the temporary Kharkov provincial military commandant (with the performance of the duties of the provincial commissioner) named after B.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Khmelnitsky, Colonel A. Shapoval.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Members of the Central Rada kidnapped a major Kiev banker, the head of the Russian Bank for Foreign Trade Abram Good, and transported him to Kharkov, where he was kept under arrest - according to some sources, in a hotel, according to others in Kholodnogorsk prison.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

This kidnapping by the ministers of the Rada of a man through whose bank the financial transactions of the occupation troops with the Reichsbank were carried out, exhausted the patience of the German commander in Ukraine Herman von Eighorn.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Immediately, the German command arrested members of the Central Rada in Kiev on April 28, 1918, and on April 29, the power of Hetman P. Skoropadsky.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The first reliable information about this was brought to Kharkov by Professor A. Pogodin, Head of the Financial Department of the Provincial Zemstvo.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Returning from Kiev on the night of May 1-2, he gave an extensive interview to the Kharkiv press.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On May 3, Kharkiv newspapers published the “Diploma” of Hetman Skoropadsky, according to which all orders of the former Ukrainian government were fully restored, and orders were canceled Provisional Government.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In the evening of the same day, the city Duma gathered for an emergency meeting, which mainly expressed confidence in the newly elected hetman.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

From May 3 to May 9, a curfew was repeatedly imposed in Kharkiv with restrictions on movement around the city.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On May 11, the Kharkov Opera House hosted the provincial congress of the Union of Grain Growers (the political party that brought Skoropadsky to power) under the leadership of its Kharkov top officials: Prince Golitsyn and Sass-Titovsky.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The general meeting of grain growers of the Kharkiv province expressed its support for the “firm power created in Ukraine”.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Hetman Kharkiv


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Historian S. Volkov gives in his work a description of Kharkov in May 1918 by one of the volunteers: [12]


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Kharkov, where life was in full swing in those days (May 1918), was a stark contrast to the dying Moscow.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The abundance of officers of all ranks and all kinds of weapons was striking, flanning in shiny uniforms through the streets and filling cafes and restaurants.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Their cheerful carelessness not only surprised, but also led to very sad thoughts.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In Hetman Kharkov in the summer of 1918 there were about 12,000 officers, and at the same time there was a strong officer organization, in the “battalion” of which consisted of about a thousand people.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In addition, there were lists of about 2,000 officers living in the city who were not initiated into the organization, but were considered reliable.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Similar, but smaller organizations existed in other cities of the Kharkov province.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In the summer of 1918, Kharkov became one of the first cities where a nationwide memorial service for the murdered Tsar Nicholas II was held.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

It took place at the initiative of Colonel B.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Steyfon and his associates, and was supported by P. Skoropadsky Count F. Keller, who then lived in Kharkov.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Metropolitan Anthony Khrapovitsky of Kharkov (future First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad) celebrated the Liturgy for the Departed on a Sunday in July 1918.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

After the liturgy, the Kharkov clergy, with a large gathering of people, served a memorial service for the Tsar on Sobornaya (now Universitetskaya) Square.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Under the hetmanate in Kharkov there was a German garrison.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The commander of the German troops in Kharkov was General Mengelbir.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The departure of the Germans from Kharkov, the weakening of the hetman's power


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The revolution of November 1918 in Germany led the Germans out of the First World War, which led to the end of the German occupation of the territory of Ukraine.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

In November 10, 1918, German troops began to leave Kharkov.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Scattered, scattered throughout Ukraine, hetman forces, left without German support, were caught by surprise.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Some connections simply scattered, others, realizing the hopelessness of resistance, recognized the authority of the Directory.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

November-December 1918.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

UPR Directory


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

(see also UPR)


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Already on November 18, 1918, in Kharkov left by the Germans, power passed to the Zaporizhzhya Corps under the command of Colonel P. Bolbochan, who recognized the authority of the Directory in the city and province.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Then the troops of the corps, following the retreating Germans, moved from Kharkov to Poltava, and occupied it on November 27.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Kharkiv at the Directory


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The Directory's power remained in Kharkiv for just over a month.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Despite the fact that during the first two weeks of the uprising, almost the entire territory of Ukraine, with the exception of Kiev, passed into the hands of the Directory (more precisely, those masses who responded to its call and captured local power), a significant part of the rebels was then more pro-Bolshevik than Propetlyurov.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

[14] On December 14, the Directory troops took the last support of the hetmanat — Kiev.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

But at this time, the Bolsheviks were already preparing their offensive against Kharkov.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

January-June 1919.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The second establishment of Soviet power and the formation of the USSR


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On November 17, 1918, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Special Group of Forces of the Kursk Direction was formed, headed by V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko, and on November 28 in Kursk - the Provisional Workers and Peasants Government of Ukraine, headed by G. L. Pyatakov.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

[15] These forces approached Kharkov at the end of December 1918.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The second establishment of Soviet power


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On the night of January 1, 1919, the Bolshevik uprising began in Kharkov, and on January 3, Soviet units entered the city.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On February 7, 1919, by order of the People's Commissar for Military Affairs of Ukraine, the Kharkov Military District was formed, which included the territories of Kharkov, Yekaterinoslav, Poltava and Chernigov provinces.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The HVO headquarters was subordinate to the Revolutionary Military Council of the Southern Front and was engaged in the preparation of reserve units for it.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On March 8-10, 1919, the Third All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets was held in Kharkov, at which the creation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR) was proclaimed.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

G. Petrovsky, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

Rakovsky.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The Congress also adopted the draft Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

The final version of the Constitution was approved on March 14, 1919.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

During the congress, on March 9-10, a Red Army holiday was held in Kharkov with a parade.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

According to the order of the commandant of Kharkiv I. Yakimovich No. 67 of March 7, 1919, the following was proposed for organizing the holiday: [18]


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

homeowners.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

house committees.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

remove houses with red flags and Red Army stars... all theaters should be cleaned in the spirit corresponding to the celebration, under the guidance of artists instructors of the political department of the People's The Commissariat for Military Affairs... persons seen tearing off and damaging telegraph and telephone wires will be mercilessly shot at the scene of the crime.


Question: What kind of power was there in Kharkiv before Soviet power came during the Civil War?

Kharkiv during the Civil War

On March 11, the Bolsheviks held a day honoring T. G. Shevchenko.