Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Criticism


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

See also


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Styles and trends of rock music is a list dedicated to genres and varieties of rock music.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Popular music


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Rock band


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

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Rock ballad


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

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Rock festival


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

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Grammy Award for Best Rock Song of the Year


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Grammy Award for Best Rock Album of the Year


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Notes


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Literature


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Knabe G. //Knabe G. S. Selected works.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Theory and history of culture.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

— M.-SPb.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

, 2006, pp. 20-50


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Music of our days/Vedas.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

ed.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

D. M. Volodikhin — M.: Avanta+, 2002.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

ISBN 5-94623-025-5


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Popular music abroad.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

1928—1997: Illustrator.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

biobibliography.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

guidebook/Comp.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

A. A. Gerasimov, Y.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

YU.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Gerasimova N. IN. Mironova V. IN. Hawks: under the general.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

ed.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

IN. IN. Yastrebova.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

— Ulyanovsk: RIA “Simbvestinfo”, 1997.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

— 462 p.: silt — (Directories from Simbvestinfo) — ISBN 5-86174-010-0


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Yugin I. Rock Lexicon: A dictionary of rock and popular music.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

M.: Galin A. C., 2011.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

304 p., 1000 copies


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

, ISBN 978-5-9901548-6-5


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Yastrebov V. IN. Women in foreign popular music: Encyclopedic guide/V. IN. Yastrebov said.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Moscow, NOTA-R Publ., 2004.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

— 912 p. (1824 stb): ill.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

— ISBN 5-98581-004-6


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Jeremy Pascall The illustrated history of Rock music.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

— New York: Galahad, 1978.


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

ISBN 9-88-365399-0


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

References


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

Russian-language resources


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

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at Curlie


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

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Ilya Smirnov


Question: What was the name of the first song released by the rock band Sound Mu?

Rock music

English language resources


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The Monarchical Party of the Russian Federation is a Russian political party created by Anton Bakov, a politician and entrepreneur, deputy of the State Duma of the IV convocation.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The first monarchical party in modern Russia officially registered and admitted to the elections.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

It proclaims the goal of establishing a constitutional monarchy in Russia “in a peaceful, constitutional way, in compliance with generally accepted democratic procedures, in strict accordance with the current legislation” [1] [2].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Create and register


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The founding congress was held on April 7, 2012 in Moscow, where it was announced that about 1,000 people had joined the party [3].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Registration with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation took place on July 12, 2012.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Thus, the party became the first legal monarchical party in Russia after the revolution of 1917.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Legally, the party is registered in the village of Kosulino, Beloyarsky District, Sverdlovsk Region.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

It is part of Bakov's project “Russian Empire” to create a Russian-oriented state education in foreign territories discovered by Russian researchers.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

On December 12, 2012, she was registered by the Ministry of Justice and received the right to take part in elections in accordance with Federal Law No. 95-FZ of July 11, 2001 “On Political Parties” [4].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

As of February 2013, 47 regional branches were registered [5].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Position


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The main means of achieving its goal, the party proclaims the propaganda of the monarchical idea and the consolidation of monarchical forces in Russia and abroad.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Party leader Anton Bakov describes its current tasks as follows: Bakov explains the need to establish a constitutional monarchy as follows:


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In early 2013, Bakov, together with the Ural writer Andrei Matveev, presented the book “Idols of Power: From Cheops to Putin”.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In it, they link secular power in the modern Russian Federation and the liquidated USSR with an ancient pagan cult and call the monarchy the only constructive way to develop Russian politics.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

According to Bakov, it was the work on this book, in which the authors study the nature of power and try to summarize their experience in politics, that led him to such conclusions and prompted him to create the Monarchical Party.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

He characterizes the distinctive features of the party as follows:


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The party nominated a contender for the throne in June 2013: he named the descendant of Alexander II, the German Prince Karl-Emich of Leiningen, who converted to Orthodoxy the day before and received the Orthodox name Nicholas Kirillovich.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Bakov justifies this position by clear compliance with the Basic State Laws of the Russian Empire, which link the principles of succession to the throne with kinship and religion.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Among Russian monarchists, supporters of this position are commonly called “legitimists” and “Kirillov” - after Kirill Vladimirovich, cousin of Nicholas II and great-grandfather Karl-Emich, who recreated Russian imperial house in exile, proclaimed itself a monarch in exile in 1924 and died in 1938 (according to Bakov, killed).


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In early 2016, Bakov announced the intention of the Monarchist Party to hold a public trial of Lenin and Stalin.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In his opinion, they are partly to blame for many negative processes of the last decades of Russian history: the collapse of the Russian Empire and the subsequent wars and repressions destroyed a huge the number of Russians, becoming a serious obstacle to the normal evolutionary development of Russian society.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In August 2017, the party joined the sensational boycott of Matilda [6] [7].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In September, Bakov, answering a journalist's question, said that the party was ready to accept the well-known opponent of the film and monarchist Natalia Poklonskaya into its ranks, but for this she would have to surrender her mandate State Duma, which is unlikely [8].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

This was followed by a wave of media reports that the Monarchical Party was ready to support Poklonskaya in the presidential elections in 2018.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In response, Poklonskaya said that she was not going to run [9].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Romanov Empire


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Romanov Empire (eng. Romanov Empire), also known as the Sovereign State Imperial Throne, is a virtual state proclaimed by Bakov in 2011 under the name of the Russian Empire.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Initially, it was positioned as “the only legal successor of the state founded by the Father of the Fatherland Emperor of All-Russian Peter the Great” (Russian Empire) [10].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In 2012, the Monarchical Party was created on the basis of the ideology of the state, and in 2014 the state agreed to be headed by Karl-Emich Leiningen: for this purpose, he converted from Lutheranism to Orthodoxy, which gave him the right to inherit the historical Russian throne in accordance with the laws of the Russian Empire on succession to the throne (he was crowned Nicholas III).


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Since that time, the state has abandoned the previously stated claim for the Russian heritage and declared itself a world center for the consolidation of Christian monarchists.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The presence at the head of a legitimate heir to the imperial house allowed the state to begin negotiations with other states on the recognition of sovereignty.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

These include Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Antigua and Barbuda, Gambia and Kiribati [7].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Preliminary consent was obtained from the Kiribati authorities in 2017, which caused a lively reaction from the world media [11] [12] [13] [14].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

At the end of 2015, in connection with Bakov's 50th birthday, Nicholas III presented him with a family icon of the House of Romanov with the image of St. Catherine and awarded him the inherited title of His Serene Highness Prince (this is the 42nd award of such a title in Russia) [15].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In an interview with Novaya Gazeta in October 2017, [7] Bakov said that the negotiations in Kiribati were sabotaged by the local opposition, which turned the population against the project with initial consent government leadership with him.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Bakov also announced the continuation of negotiations with the new authorities of the Gambia, where President Yahya Jammeh was replaced by Adam Barrow in 2017.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Activities


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Consolidation of monarchists


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

On February 1, 2013, the party held the First Congress of Monarchical Forces in Paris, the purpose of which was “to search for common ground between existing monarchical organizations” [16].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

A presidium of the Russian monarchical movement was created, to which delegated representatives of all interested groups and associations were invited.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

It is planned to hold regular meetings and other events in the future to develop a consolidated position.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The party also established the status of “descendant of the imperial dynasty” for the descendants of the Romanovs and declaratively awarded them a pension of 2000 euros per month as “a sign of respect for people who have done a lot for Russia, whose property in Russia was stolen and relatives who remained in Russia were destroyed” [17].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The creation of a monarchical international is one of the points of Bakov's election program [18].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Memorials


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The party proposes to install a guard of honor at the Grand Ducal Tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg, where the remains of Kirill Vladimirovich and his wife are buried today, as well as to allocate funds to complete the reconstruction of the memorial, after which it should be opened for veneration.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In early May, the party organized the creation of a portrait monument to the founder of the city, Empress Catherine I (ul. Turgenev, 11 [19]), timed to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty (its memory has not been immortalized in the city since 1918) [20].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In addition, the creation in Russia of a memorial in honor of Prince Charles III of Leiningen, grandfather Karl-Emich and husband Maria Kirillovna, who died in 1946 in Soviet captivity, is being discussed.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

sights


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In the spring of 2013, the party established the Imperial Palace Fund, which is engaged in the construction of three imperial palaces according to old projects — in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg — to give them representative and tourist functions, in particular, for the residence of members of the dynasty when visiting Russia and, in general, popularizing the idea of monarchism.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The Supervisory Board of the Fund includes, among others, Nikolay Kirillovich and Alexey Bagaryakov, a representative of the Sverdlovsk Region Administration [21].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

On September 4, 2013, the first stone of a copy of the Belovezha Palace, removed from its ruins, was laid and consecrated in Beloyarsky District [22] [23].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In addition, the party proposed to create in Yekaterinburg an “analogue of the Vatican” - the city-state “Imperial All-Russian Throne”, which could also serve as a tourist attraction and would contribute to blurring the image of the city as a place of regicide.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Nikolai Kirillovich sent a corresponding letter as an heir to Russian President Vladimir Putin.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In 2015, the party began the process of creating a monumental historical canvas “in the spirit of Ilya Glazunov's Eternal Russia” for exhibition in the center of Yekaterinburg.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Elections


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In August 2013, the party took part in the elections of deputies of the City Duma and the mayor of Yekaterinburg.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The party nominated 57 students [24] (including Bakov's son Mikhail [25]), and Bakov's daughter Anastasia, 22, for mayor, which, according to him, gave the campaign “entertainment and goodwill” [26].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Anastasia Bakova took 7th place with 1.22% (Yevgeny Roizman won the mayoral elections) [27], and student candidates scored minimal results, which Bakov describes as an “anti-election operation” and comments: “We will continue to expose democratic parties and show that the elected deputies do not fulfill their obligations. In addition, we will try to create an alternative local self-government body — the city senate. According to the law, citizens have the right to establish such bodies. The City Senate will provide charitable assistance, help pensioners, that is, do everything that the City Duma does not do” [28].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In 2015, Bakov announced the party's intention to participate in the elections to the State Duma in 2016. He also added: “If the presidential administration wants to see us there, it will see us there. Moscow walkers came to me and offered to buy a batch. But I don't want to sell it” [29].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In early 2016, in an interview with RBC, [30] he confirmed this intention and said that he plans to make his daughter the “face of the campaign” again, and would not run himself.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

As a result, the party did not participate in the elections.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In September 2017, it was announced that Bakov intended to run for president of Russia from the Monarchist Party in the 2018 elections [31].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

At the end of December, his candidacy was nominated at the party congress [32], on December 28, the candidacy was registered by the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation [33], in early January 2018, an election account was opened, and election headquarters, the collection of signatures has begun [34].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Bakov notes that in these elections he became “the oldest in terms of participation in elections among presidential candidates” (he was first nominated in 1990 for People's Deputies of the RSFSR) [35].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

On January 24, 2018 [36] Bakov refused to participate in the elections due to citizenship of the Romanov Empire, since, according to paragraph 5.1 of Article 3 of the Federal Law “On Elections of the President of the Russian Federation”, it makes it impossible to elect him President.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In the summer of 2018, the Monarchist Party made a statement on preparations for participation in the mayoral elections of Ilya Bakov's son, who has been the head of a group of construction companies for the past six years [37].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

He presented a program for the creation of a free economic zone in Moscow, proposed the concept of the Federal Ministry for Capital Affairs, submitted documents to the election commission [38], but dropped out of the election race for municipal filter stage [39].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Yekaterinburg Senate


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The concept of the Senate was presented shortly after the elections: Bakov, together with Maxim Spassky, Chairman of the Council of Entrepreneurs under the head of Yekaterinburg, held a press conference, where they explained that The Senate is positioned as an “alternative to the City Duma”, but with the difference that it “will not be able to dispose of the funds of the city budget”.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

The Senate will initiate broad public discussions of issues relevant to the city, the results of which will be submitted to the City Duma — according to the authors of the project, the City Duma of Yekaterinburg in the modern the state is mainly engaged in “dividing the budget”, while “no deputy today is able to influence the distribution of funds by budget items — this is always done for them by the city administration.”


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

According to Bakov, “there is no public as such in the Duma today — there are only passive voters, mostly acting against their own free will” [40].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

“We will do an independent audit of the city budget and will really develop the city,” Bakov said.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Vladimir Shakhrin, Alexei Ivanov and “representatives of parties that have not entered any parliament” were invited to join the Senate [41].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In the following year, 6 sessions of the Senate are held, at which a number of socially significant projects, primarily infrastructure projects, are considered.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Official correspondence is being conducted with city and regional authorities.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

By the 5th session, the decision of the city authorities to stop using the de-icing mixture, which experts involved by the Senate recognized as harmful, is announced [42].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Bakov announces plans to create similar Senates in other cities of Russia [43], the upcoming extrapolation of the Senate's work to the Ural Federal District [44] and to the Imperial Throne.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

In the future, Bakov proposes to use the “inverted” scheme of a bicameral parliament: for Russia, to make what is now called the Federation Council elected, and what is now called the State Duma — appoint.


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Thus, according to Bakov, laws in the lower house will be developed by appointed professionals, and they will be accepted or rejected by elected senators who collectively and on behalf of the people will be able to assess the usefulness of initiatives introduced and publicly resist possible acts of sabotage [45].


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

See also


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Monarchism in Russia


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Candidates for the Russian throne after the abolition of the monarchy in Russia


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Kirill Vladimirovich


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Nicholas III


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Notes


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

References


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Category:Russian political parties


Question: Does the Yabloko party exist in Russia today?

Monarchist Party of Russia

Category:Monarchical parties


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Hieroschemonk Raphael (born Mikhail Ivanovich Berestov; November 20, 1932, Syrkino village, then in the Moscow Region, RSFSR, USSR) was a clergyman of the Russian Orthodox Church, hieroschemmonk, tonsure of the Holy Trinity-Sergius Lavra, a well-known critic of ecumenism, TIN, anti-globalist, spiritual writer.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Biography


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Childhood and youth


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

His parents are Ivan Nikolaevich Berestov and Anna Dmitrievna Berestova (nee Shirina), residents of Moscow.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Anna went to give birth to her native village of Syrkino, Tver Province (then in the Soviet Moscow Region).


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

On November 20, 1932, twins Nikolai and Michael, the future Fr. Rafail.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Mikhail was born dead, but his grandmother spanked him and brought him back to life.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

The children were baptized the very next day, on the feast of St.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Archangel Michael.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1938, his third brother Anatoly was born, Abbot Anatoly (Berestov), a well-known pediatric neurologist, doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of the rehabilitation center at the Krutitsky Metochion [1], which helps drug addicts, alcohol sufferers and victims of destructive sects.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

My grandmother sometimes took her children to an Orthodox church, but they grew up without religious education.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Mikhail was very worried about his short stature.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

At the entrance test to the art school, he did not pass the watercolor exam, but he was accepted when one of the applicants refused.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

He was working during his studies.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

When he was nineteen years old, he developed serious heart problems, and after a severe attack, doctors thought he was going to die.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Then Michael vowed that he would become a monk if he survived.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Trinity-Sergius Lavra


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

According to one version of the biography, Mikhail met a nun at the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, who spent 25 years in Stalin's camps, became disabled there and moved on crutches.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

People around her said that she was a visionary and a person of great spiritual life.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

When asked to pray for relatives, the nun said: “Oh, Rafailchik, it's you!” — “I'm not Raphael, I'm Mikhail!” — “Yes, yes, I know you're Raphael. I know your father John will be a believer at the end of his life, just like your mother, Anna. But — rejoice — your brother Anatoly will soon become a very religious person! But we have to pray for Brother Nikolai.” This is how she called all relatives exactly by name, predicting future events.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Mikhail wanted to enter the Trinity-Sergius Lavra in 1958, but he was not accepted because he did not have a blessing (that is, permission) from his parents, as a result of which the leadership could have problems with the authorities.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

For three years he worked in a church workshop, studied at an art school and regularly visited the Trinity-Sergius Lavra on weekends, where he performed obediences.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1961, his parents let him go and, becoming a novice, he settled in a hotel in the Lavra, painted and restored icons.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

He was designed as a worker, an “artist's assistant”, and he helped Archimandrite Nikolai (Samsonov).


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1963, Fr. Kirill (Pavlov) accepted him as a spiritual child, and a deep spiritual connection was established between them.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1966, he was tonsured a monk with the name Raphael, and in 1973 he was ordained a hierodeacon.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

During the Soviet era, he was an active church dissident, opposing ecumenism, Latinophilism, Freemasonry, modernism, cooperation between the leadership of the Moscow Patriarchate and the KGB, and therefore was subjected to disciplinary sanctions by the administration of the Lavra several times.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Hierodeacon Raphael labored in the Holy Trinity-Sergius Lavra for 23 years.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

He mainly carried out obedience in the icon painting workshop, as well as on the kliros — reading memorial notes, deacon service in the church, and others.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Abkhazia


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Hierodeacon Raphael began to travel to the Caucasus to visit Orthodox hermits, accompanying Fr. Kirill, then I started driving alone.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1984, with the blessing of Alexy (Kutepov), abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, and his confessor, Fr. Kirill (Pavlov), moved to Abkhazia.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Its goal was a mountain hermitage, with male and female deserts, about thirty kilometers northeast of Sukhumi, eight kilometers from the Armenian village of Ablukhvara.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

On the eve of his arrival, the skete was defeated by policemen and his old Lavra friend, Fr. Paisiy (Uvarov), arrested Hieromonk Vitaly (Dove) and almost all the sisters of the women's desert, other monks fled.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

After a while, the skete was restored.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Father Rafail labored in solitude for six years on Mount Bolshoy Shapach (a separate mountain in the Western Caucasus, adjacent to the Bzyb Range), almost two kilometers above sea level.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

[5] He called his cell in honor of American Hieromonk Seraphim (Rose), who reposed two years earlier.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

While still at the Lavra, Raphael contributed to the distribution of the first translations of the works of Father Seraphim (Rose).


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Father Paisiy helped Fr. Rafail in arranging the cell, brought him the most necessary products, helped him in harvesting firewood.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Every two years, Fr. Raphael was to visit his confessor, Fr. Kirill, to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, visiting his parents at that time.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

On the way, he stopped in Sukhumi with Matushka Olga, who was a spiritual child of Schema-Archimandrite Vitaly (Sidorenko), and later became an old schema nun Vitaly.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

He met his father Vitaly (Sidorenko) at Sukhumi Cathedral, and from time to time visited him in Tbilisi.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Raphael was also familiar with monk Mercury, the author of the well-known book “In the Caucasus Mountains” (not to be confused with the pre-revolutionary book “On the Mountains of the Caucasus” by Schemonk Hilarion (Domrachev)).


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1990, Fr. Raphael descended from his mountain, moved to a cell built near the women's desert, which Fr. Paisiy.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

He spent three years there.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Valaam


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

During the Georgian-Abkhaz war in 1993, Fr. Rafail, Fr. Kirill (Pavlov) called on Fr. Raphael from the desert, wanting to send him to the Valaam Monastery.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Raphael was upset and did not want to leave, but then he broke his arm, and he had to go to the city and spend three weeks under fire in Sukhumi, as the monk saw as the work of God's providence.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

He resigned himself and went to Valaam.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Raphael helped Abbot Pankratiy in the revival of the Valaam monastery, renewed the tradition of spirituality and the practice of smart doing.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

On the feast of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos in 1993, Father Raphael was ordained a hieromonk.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

From that time until his departure from Valaam, he was one of the confessors of the monastery.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

From the main monastery he moved to the Valaam Skete of All Saints, where it was visited extensively by the monastery brethren.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1994, on the feast of the Praise of the Mother of God (Saturday of the Akathist), Fr. Raphael takes the vows to the great schema with the preservation of his name in honor of St.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Archangel Raphael.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1996, he broke his hip neck and chest, was treated at the St. Petersburg and Moscow military academies.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

For health reasons, we needed a warm climate.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Solokhaul and Athos


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1997, with the blessing of Archimandrite Kirill (Pavlov), Hieroschemmonk Raphael and his brethren arranged a metochion of the Valaam Monastery “Krestovaya Pustyn” in the Russian Caucasus, in the village of Solokhaul, near St. Sochi.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

The skete was conceived in the likeness of Athos, with the Athos charter, and as a monastery of “Serbian-Russian spiritual unity and friendship”, as evidenced by the inscriptions in Russian and Serbian on marble tiles, in the columns of the main temple [6]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Due to the pressure associated with his anti-ecumenical activities, Fr. Raphael and part of his brethren moved to Mount Athos in 1998.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

At first they stayed in the Russian St. Panteleimon Monastery, then briefly in the Skete of St.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Panteleimon of the Greek monastery of Kutlumush.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 1999, they settled in St.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

John the Theologian (Potitiria) of the Bulgarian Zograf Monastery, from 2000 to 2001 lived in the Skete of New Thevaida of the Russian Monastery, then returned to the cell of Potitirius.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

The Caucasus and return to Mount Athos


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 2002, after Easter, on Fomina Week, after prolonged pressure on the Primate of the Zograf Monastery and on the brotherhood by the Ecumenical Patriarchate, Fr. Rafail and his brethren of 17 people leave for Krestovaya Pustyn, which was temporarily moved to the village of Yermolovka, near the Russian-Abkhazian border.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In autumn 2002, we moved to the mountains of Abkhazia, where they built three hermitages, created a metochion in Sukhum and in one village in the foothills.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

After the publication of the Nabat booklet in 2005, Father Rafail received death threats and even death threats.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Raphael was unable to contact Fr. Kirill (Pavlov), but asked Elder Adrian (Kirsanov) for advice from the Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery, who advised him to urgently leave Abkhazia for Mount Athos.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 2007, Father Raphael and his brethren returned to Mount Athos and, quite unexpectedly, the Primate of the Serbian monastery Hilandar, Archimandrite Methodius (Markovic), allowed them to settle on Hilandar land, not far from Hilandar main wharf and Jovanica (Ivanitsa/Ioannica) cells.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 2016, the hermits were asked to leave, and they moved higher into the mountains and further from the shore.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In winter, due to high humidity, due to the serious health of the lungs, Fr. Raphael is forced to leave the Holy Mountain for places with a hot, dry climate, usually Crete.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Father Rafail and his brethren are active in media activities, since 2010 they have been regularly recording videos and uploading them to the Internet, as well as writing articles for various portals.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Views and beliefs


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Failure to accept TIN, internal passport of the Russian Federation, UEC, SNILS, medical policy


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Rafail Berestov was and remains the main critic of the assignment of a personal number by government agencies.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In the midst of the discussion, he regularly met with believers, published his appeals in the religious and patriotic weekly Russky Vestnik and even published an audio recording “Near, at the Door” with highlighting his point of view, the replication of which, according to information provided by the cell attendants of Fr. Nikolai Guryanov, was blessed by the Zalitsky elder himself.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

[7] Berestov took this position in agreement with his confessor, Fr. Kirill (Pavlov), who spoke clearly on this issue several times:


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

I think so, the first stage is numbers, then there will be an electronic card.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Now it's easier, then it will be more difficult to get out, and then after these cards there will be a mark.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

When you have to give up the mark, there will be obvious death, yes.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Either change Christ, worship the Antichrist, or vice versa, take death for Christ.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

I have always, from the very beginning, been against the TIN [Taxpayer Identification Number]... I am still categorically against the TIN.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

I do not bless to accept them... By accepting a TIN, a person enters the evil system.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Another reason for his tough position is the words spoken to him by Elder Paisiy Svyatogorts, which Father Raphael often quoted: “If anyone accepts a new passport with a barcode or a card with secret three sixes, with an identification number, he will lose the Grace of God, and demonic energy will dwell in him” [10] Raphael was also influenced by other statements of Elder Paisiy: “Elder Paisios of Athos said that not taking a passport is to extinguish a fire with a glass of water, and in order to extinguish the temptations of those who took a passport and not take the chip on their hands or foreheads, you must invite all fire brigades and not extinguish it.” [10]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Also, on Fr. Raphael was also influenced by the determination of the Greek Orthodox Church and Athos monks, who organized numerous demonstrations and wrote public appeals against the introduction of electronic identification cards (which, contrary to this, the Greek government put into circulation in 2016).


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In fact, in this case, we are talking about Father Raphael (and other spiritual authorities)'s interpretation of the “Apocalypse”: “We should not accept the TIN (identification number), the digital one offered to us demonic name. This is not a technical necessity, but a mystical coding of us, the sheep of Christ. For only spiritual blind people do not see what is going on behind it. They will give you a new passport with an identification number, then a card with three sixes — the face or name of the beast or the number of its name. “And no one will be allowed to buy or sell, except for someone who has this mark” [Rev. 13:17]... We decided not immediately, but gradually to introduce an identification number (TIN) first, and then a barcode with three sixes, the last step will be a microcomputer chip on the forehead or right hand, as the Apostle John warned us about the seal of the Antichrist in the Apocalypse.” [10]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

The radicality of Fr. Raphael lies in the fact that the adoption of such documents by an Orthodox Christian is already an apostasy: “And we are crafty, we think we will accept a passport with a barcode, but the seal itself is a chip, we will not accept a microcomputer on the forehead and hand. Don't be deceived by this! Do not be cunning before God! By signing this document with three sixes, you sign in submission to Satan. This is a worship of him, a renunciation of God.” [10] “This is why we should not take [TIN]: because it is already the seal of the Antichrist, still on paper, not on the forehead, not on the hand.” [7]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Berestov considers Freemasons to be the main initiators of assigning numbers to individuals and the appearance of electronic documents: “Freemasons have direct contacts with Satan and give more and more revelations. These are Satanists, and they give a program of action. And the TIN appeared for a reason, it is not from man, I think it is from Satan.” [7] “Electronic cards, biometrics and chips, all this is prepared by Freemasons, servants of the Antichrist.” [11]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Rafail advises not to take any electronic documents: “It is spiritually disastrous, dangerous and disastrous to accept these new documents: passports with three sixes, TIN, UEC [universal electronic card], medical policies and others. All this leads to a retreat. And even more so modern passports with chips... The best thing is to ignore or accept any electronic cards, passports with chips.” [12] “SNILS [Insurance Number of an Individual Personal Account], TIN, personal codes and other personal numbers are digital demonic names that the servants of the Antichrist give instead of the name given in Holy Baptism.” [13]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

With the advent of new documents and new techniques for their development, Fr. Rafail discovers facts that make modern identification items, in his opinion, even more unacceptable: “There are many ornamental drawings in the passport of the Russian Federation. Among them is the ornament of three sixes, about which St. Ap. John the Theologian says that this is the digital name of the Antichrist... The barcode is made up of strips of different thicknesses — thin, medium thickness and thicker. They are separated by three pairs of elongated thin strips, which are read by the scanner as number 6. The new generation barcode is the so-called QR code. In the QR [kyu ar] -code, the large three squares located at the corners of the QR code are carriers of the number 6 in content. And so three squares in the QR code are also three sixes — the digital name of the Antichrist. Barcodes and QR codes are applied to all products, goods and products, tickets and personal documents: passports, passes and even diamonitirions — permission to enter Mount Athos.” [14] “When a person surrenders his biometric data, it is exposed to the greatest danger for its salvation, because the modern technical base allows you to painlessly apply an invisible A mark is a mark on the frontal bone or skin, as stated in the Apocalypse, “they will be inscribed on their right hand or on their foreheads” (Rev. 13:16).


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In circulation from June 2017 Fathers Raphael and Onufry use concepts that are not available in official science, and argue that when removing biometrics, a person already becomes a servant of the Antichrist, connects to the world computer and loses free will: “The main biometric information about a person is not the iris of the eyes, not the biometrics of the face or fingers, the main biometric information about a person is an individual algorithm functions of the human brain. With the so-called biometrics removal, a laser inscription is applied and this unique algorithm of brain functions is determined for each person. After that, a complete spiritual enslavement of human freedom will take place, a person falls into the networks of technotron magic, a connection between the human brain and a world computer named “beast” is established, such a person will become a weak-willed biological object — a slave to the Antichrist.” [14]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

They also believe that the satanic number is also personal numbers assigned in Serbia (since 1977), Bulgaria (since 1977) and Romania (since 1978) to all citizens at birth, and consequently, almost all Orthodox Serbs, Bulgarians and Romanians (in the same appeal).


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

At the same time, Fr. Rafail urges everyone to leave the cities and move to the village or even hide in the forest: “Let's say someone's business is being taken away from someone. Do business in the countryside. Settle in the village. Businessmen are intelligent and grasping people. Everywhere they can find a place to start a business. If you are weak, go to the woods. Hide yourself.” [12]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

For this position, Fr. Rafail was sharply criticized because he himself has a Russian foreign passport (without biometric data) and travels between Russia, Greece and Israel.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

[15] [16]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Honoring Grigory Rasputin and Tsar Ivan the Terrible


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Following the views of Elder Nikolai Guryanov, Fr. Raphael believes that Grigory Rasputin and Tsar Ivan the Terrible are slandered saints.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

“If an elder like Father Nikolai honored [Rasputin and Ivan the Terrible], why don't we read it? If he blessed such icons to paint and accepted, why should we judge?” [7]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

“Grigory Efimovich [Rasputin] is really an elder, he was visionary, and he could pray to stop Tsarevich Alexy's blood when he suffered from hemophilia. Freemasons used Grigory Efimovich to provoke the tsar and the royal family.” [7] “Freemasons prepared two artists who made up as Gregory and hung up and ugly, went to women, staged brawls, fights, drunkenness, and then reported to the Tsar, “Here, Sovereign, yesterday Grigory Efimovich behaved terribly, he staged a row, fights, drunkenness, molested women in a restaurant.” [17]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

“As for Tsar John the Terrible, he is an Orthodox tsar. He grew up in such terrible conditions. ... Naturally, the Tsar had to take his sword and restore order in his state... He was glorified as a locally venerated Moscow saint, so, of course, we should pray to him.” [7] Information about the murder of his son Ivan IV assesses it as slander: according to Fr. Raphael, the prince died because he was given mercury.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

[7] In fact, medico-chemical and medical-forensic examinations of the remains of the prince in 1963 showed that he had 32 times exceeded the permissible content of mercury, several times arsenic and lead.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Attitude towards Bishop Diomede


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In connection with the anti-globalization Appeal of Bishop Diomede (Dzyuban), Berestov supported the latter, calling him an “apostle of recent times” [19], but later condemned the disgraced bishop for non-pacification and the spread of schismatic sentiments in the Russian Orthodox Church.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Hieromonk Abel (in Schema Onufry), Fr. Raphael, in an article from January 2011, wrote: “Vladyka Diomede Father Fr. Raphael asked him very much not to leave the Russian Church, His Eminence promised, and then stopped picking up the phone when we called him.” [20]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Support for representatives of the Moldovan Metropolis


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In August 2010, he visited Moldova to support clerics and laity who oppose ecumenism.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

“The Church is neither a Patriarch, nor a Metropolitan or a Bishop. They listen to Freemasons. Many of them are recruited from the Mossad or the CIA and other Jewish organizations. These are all forces of evil, they are trying to destroy our Church.” [22]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

On September 4, 2010, he took part in a meeting between the official delegation of the Moldovan Metropolis of the Moscow Patriarchate and the chairman of the Synodal Commission for Monasteries, Archbishop Sergiev Posad Theognost (Guzikov), vicar of Patriarch Kirill.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Archbishop Theognost accused Fr. Raphael and most of the participants in the conversation are in schism.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Attitude towards Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople and Patriarch Kirill of Moscow


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Father Raphael and his brotherhood interrupted communication with Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople after “learning that he commemorated the Papa Roman in 2006.”


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

[24] Raphael calls Bartholomew a “false patriarch”, “heresiarch”, “Jesuit pupil of the Eastern Papal Institute” [25] [26], and a Freemason, claiming that Bartholomew even headed the Masonic Lodge.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Although for several years he criticized all the unremembered Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church and going into schism, on January 28, 2016, Father Raphael ceased to remember Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia “after the pre-Council meeting] in Chambesy heretical documents.”


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

After Patriarch Kirill's meeting with Pope Francis, Fr. Raphael called on the Russian Orthodox Church to stop commemorating Patriarch Kirill, calling him a “false patriarch, heretic, apostate”.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

However, in the dialogue, Fr. Raphael and his cell attendant Onufriy, published in April 2016 (before the Cathedral of Crete), Fr. Raphael claimed: “We must pray for Patriarch Kirill for him to become Orthodox and repent... Perhaps he will oppose the council, which is heretical in essence. Then we will receive him as our holy patriarch. And if he accepts and participates in the council and signs it, he will no longer be our patriarch, he will be a schismatic.” [29]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Although Patriarch Kirill did not take part in the Council of Crete and did not sign the proposed documents at it, Fr. Raphael and his brethren still anathematized the patriarch in February 2017.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

[30] The fact was that Raphael believed that the patriarch had accepted these documents earlier and forced all Russian bishops to approve them: “The Patriarch and the delegation of bishops did not go to the council, because everyone they have already adopted the decisions of the pre-Council meetings in Chambesy. At the end of January, after returning from the pre-council conference from Chambesy to Russia, the Patriarch convened a premature Bishops' Council, at which he assured the bishops that at the meetings in Chambesy, Orthodox documents for everyone and that now they need to be adopted at the Bishops' Council [February 2-3, 2016]... Those who were against it were frightened and did not raise their hands. Thus, everyone unanimously adopted heretical documents... The Heresiarch Patriarch planted a heresy of ecumenism and papism at the Bishops' Council, and the bishops, without understanding it, accepted heretical documents.” [25]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Attitude towards Vladimir Putin


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

After Vladimir Putin's visit to Mount Athos in May 2016, Fr. Rafail said in a video message that Putin came to Mount Athos because the authority of Patriarch Kirill fell, and it was necessary to support him.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Commenting on the fact that Putin received some royal honors on Mount Athos, Raphael said: “How frivolous everyone does! If Putin wants to be a tsar, let him be worthy of the kingdom, not mess with Freemasons, be devoted to the tsar, the faith of Christ, and sincerely in everything. In order for people to believe, love him, that he is an Orthodox Christian, he [should] defend [s] not the ideas of Satanism, world government, but the ideas of Holy Orthodoxy, Holy Russia, the idea of Christ commandments... This is some kind of seduction of the people, slipping a non-tsar, Freemasons want us to slip this... We need an Orthodox autocrat, devoted to Christ, the Church and Russia... Putin is still a controlled pawn of Freemasons, big oligarchs.” [31]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Anathematizing the Cathedral of Crete


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Since 2009, Rafail Berestov began to warn that there will be a council where “they want to introduce unity with Catholics and other ecumenists, want canonical and dogmatic ecumenism, want to introduce a new style, reduce posts, want to introduce renovationist reforms, a twice married priesthood and a married episcopate.” [32] [33] “Freemasons, enemies of Russia, enemies of Orthodoxy, have been preparing such a council for a long time.” [34] “This is not the cathedral, and the gathering is satanic, they are preparing the Church of the Antichrist, this is an antichrist performance.” [31]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Immediately after the Cathedral in Crete in June 2016, Fr. Raphael and his brethren called on believers to interrupt liturgical and church communion with ecumenists and commemorating the patriarchs who accepted the documents of the council, although the brotherhood does not deny that there is still grace in the Russian Orthodox Church:” But we appeal and call on all faithful children of the Russian Orthodox Church to reject heresy, breaking off communion with heretics, and to remain faithful to Patristic Orthodoxy! ... It is necessary to condemn the already condemned ecumenism and ecumenist heretics, and break off prayerful and Eucharistic communion with them. Do not go to services to those bishops and priests who do not anathematize ecumenism and heretical documents. Do not attend services for those who continue to commemorate the heresiarchs Cyril and Bartholomew or other primates and bishops of the Local Orthodox Churches who have documented the ecumenical all at Bartholomew's False Cathedral... Brothers and sisters, look for faithful priests who do not remember heretics. Even if you rarely have to start confession and Holy Communion, be patient for Christ's sake and do not have communion with the heresiarchs Kirill and Bartholomew, and with those who are unanimous with them, and with those who are remembers.” [26]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In February 2017, they released a video anathematizing “false bishops of ecumenist heretics [Patriarch of Constantinople] Bartholomew, [Patriarch of Moscow] Kirill, Hilarion [Alfeyev]”, “Cretan false cathedral” and the creators of the film “Matilda”, showing Tsar Nicholas II as an immoral person.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

About the upcoming war and the resumption of the monarchy


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Rafail Berestov believes that a world war is about to take place, after which Russia will again become a kingdom.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In public speeches, he refers to Elder Joseph Vatopedsky.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

“The blessed elder, Father Joseph Vatopedsky, told me that terrible times were coming, but after certain terrible events, many Slavic peoples would join Russia, and would also enter into an alliance with Russia and Greece. Thus, a new Byzantium will be created... By God's grace, an Orthodox tsar will be elected. And then there will be a church cleansing in Russia. Now our Church is ill, very ill. It has many spies who work for Christ's enemies. And we don't have a national government yet. And our king will be a very bright, strong, talented person, ruling with love and wisdom. This is evidenced by the holy fathers of the Church, including Father Nikolai Guryanov. This is our hope, our comfort.” [35]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Father Raphael thinks that this war will be a battle between the spiritual forces of good and evil: “It will already be a war with the Antichrist, with the Antichrist spirit, in fact. Because now all politics is becoming theology: either with the Antichrist or with Christ.” [36]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

The Athos monk specified who, in his opinion, would be the warring parties: “We are for autocracy. The Tsar will return to Russia, and we are waiting for this. This was prophesied by the Fathers. And he will restore order, and restore order in the Church... The war is near and we will have to fight with both NATO and Europe. Joseph Vatopedsky told me this while still alive. I said: “And Russia cannot fight either America or Europe now, we are disarmed, our authorities are not patriotic, but Masonic, we will not be able to resist Europe and America.”... But he said: “Russia and Orthodoxy will win, because the heavenly army will shoot down cruise missiles, enemy aircraft. Therefore, Russia will win. “... There will be a mortally wounded head of the serpent — Freemasonry... everyone will see clearly that God is with us, and that the true Orthodox faith is in Russia and in Orthodox countries. And, as Seraphim Vyritsky says, many foreign ships will come here to study Orthodoxy and be ordained, priestly and episcopal. So temples will be built in Europe, and in many other countries. Well, for the time being. And then there will be Freemasonry again.” [37]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 2015, Fr. Raphael expressed the opinion that the world war will begin after the council, where they want to “distort Orthodoxy”, perhaps as early as 2016.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

“I may be mistaken, maybe it will start tomorrow,” he said.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In 2015, Fr. Raphael began to assert that he met with the future tsar: “... I met with a disciple of Elder Nikolai Guryanov... He is a very talented, spiritual, gracious person. As it is said, the Russian heart will feel it, the heart opens before it. I did not anoint anyone to the kingdom, although many False Dmitry asked me to do so. And now we have knowledge of him. I asked [him], “What should I tell people about the coming King? “The answer was: “Say only what the elder Father Nikolai Guryanov said: Behold, the tsar is coming! “That is why I say to everyone: 'Behold, the king is coming! “... He will be both patriarch and king.” [39]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Then Raphael began to reveal more about this mystical person: “A noble man came to me and said: “Father Raphael, rejoice, the king walks on the earth among us.”... Abel [Fr. Raphael, in Schema Onufry] knew him, and we learned that he was this very coming king. We have proof of this. But we can't talk about it. I asked this noblest man, “How can I popularize you, what should I tell people? “He says: “Father Raphael, my spiritual father was Father Nikolai Guryanov, and I opened everything to him. All my revelations were from God, he revealed everything to him, and he said, 'Behold, the king is coming. ' So you say to people, 'Behold, the king is coming. ' Anything else, you don't have to say anything... “God Himself will testify that he is a king. My speculation, our speculation: Seraphim Sarovsky may be resurrected, he will say to everyone: “Behold, Tsar! This is God's chosen one! “And everyone will accept it. But this will not happen now, but during difficult trials, during the war. During the war, he will be a victorious king. He was a military man, some officer, and he will participate in the war and even appear as a military leader.” [38]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

“[He] is a very deep, serious person, spiritual, we monks learn from him, he prays from dusk evening to dawn. He is very intelligent, gracious, spiritual, very mature.” [40]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Rafail Berestov predicts the revival of Russia and Orthodoxy after the World War: “He, as a master, will restore order in the country, cleanse the Church of Christ of Freemasons, ecumenists, globalists, enemies of the Church and silent people. Agriculture in Russia will be raised to a high level, as well as the economy and the defense industry. People in Russia will live well. Spiritual life will increase. Abortion will be strictly prohibited. There will be a spiritual flourishing. The emperor will inspire people to repent, to pray to Jesus. Television will be under control, spiritual films and stories will be shown. Orthodoxy will flourish all over the world. Orthodox churches will be built on all continents.” [41]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

The monastic community of Fr. Raphael restored the mention of the emperor in liturgical prayers, but they pray for “our most pious sovereign, the coming emperor of all Russia.”


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Criticism


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Protodeacon Andrei Kuraev announced Fr. Rafail is mentally ill [42], and “from his youth”.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

[43] This position was taken by some other clerics of the Russian Orthodox Church, for example.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

priest Antony Skrynnikov.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Rafail (Berestov) himself often criticized Kuraev and reproached him for modernism and cooperation with the KGB/FSB [45]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Some suggest that Fr. Raphael is performed by his cell attendant Onufry (Stebelev-Velazquez, he was named Abel in the vows), who, together with his elder, signs public statements and records his video messages, often built in the form of a dialogue between them, and they are very radical.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Father Rafail in two video messages denies that he is a victim of manipulation of his cell attendant, and claims that he fully agrees with all the published materials, and that he watches them after publications.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

[46] [38]


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Creativity


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Spiritual writings, messages, appeals


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

ed.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Father's House (2005)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Notes


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

References


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

A short biography of Fr. Rafail.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

In the second part of the conversation, Rafail Berestov talks about his life.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Eight conversations with Fr. Rafail on various topics.


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

critique


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

//Priest Georgy Maximov Channel, January 16, 2018


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

//Priest Georgy Maximov Channel, January 19, 2018


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

//Priest Georgy Maximov channel, January 25, 2018


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

//Priest Georgy Maximov channel, January 28, 2018


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

//Priest Georgy Maximov channel, January 31, 2018


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

//Priest Georgy Maximov Channel, March 8, 2018


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

//Priest Georgy Maximov Channel, March 31, 2018


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:Soviet dissidents


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:Hieroschemonks


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:Hieromonks of the Russian Orthodox Church


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:Personalies:Trinity-Sergius Lavra


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:Personalies:Panteleimon Monastery (Athos)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:People from Kutlumush


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:Personalies:Zograf (monastery)


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:People: Valaam Monastery


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:People: Hilandar


Question: In what year did Hieroschemmonk Raphael move to Abkhazia?

Rafail (Berestov)

Category:People from Abkhazia


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Sestroretsk (Finnish: Siestarjoki, Swedish: Systerbäck) is a city in Russia, an intra-city municipality within the Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg [1].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

A seaside climatic balneo-mud resort with its mineral water and therapeutic mud on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea [2].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

It is located in the south of the Karelian Isthmus.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Several watercourses flow through the city connecting Lake Sestroretsky Razliv and the bay (the Sestra River, Gagarinsky Creek, the so-called. Rusty ditch).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

On the territory of the city there are historical districts Gorskaya, Aleksandrovskaya, Tarkhovka, Razliv, Kurort and Duni.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Sestroretsk railway station and stops Gorskaya, Aleksandrovskaya, Tarkhovka, Razliv and Kurort on the line Saint Petersburg (Finlyandsky Railway Station) — Beloostrov.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The distance from the city's railway station (Sestroretsk) to the Finlyandsky railway station in St. Petersburg is 34 kilometers [3].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The population of the city is 41,160 inhabitants, which makes it the largest settlement in the Kurortny district.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Physical and geographical characteristics


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Relief and geological structure


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The city on the eastern shore of the shallow (depth 2.5—3.5 m only 200 m from the coast) of the Sestroretskaya Bay of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Along the coast, there is a forested ridge of dunes and hills, which is interrupted by river valleys and small lakes, ponds and areas of naked moraine.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The sandy (“golden”) beach is up to 50 m wide. Near the resort is Lake Razliv, created during the construction of a dam on the Sestra River [2].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In the Paleozoic 300—400 million years ago, this entire area was covered by the sea.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Sedimentary deposits of that time — sands, sandy loam, clay with lenses of silt or peat — cover a thick thickness (more than 200 meters) of the crystalline foundation consisting of granites, gneiss and diabase.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The modern relief was formed as a result of the activity of the ice sheet (the last Valdai glaciation was 12 thousand years ago).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

After the retreat of the glacier, the Litorin Sea was formed, the level of which was 7-9 m higher than the modern one.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

4,000 years ago, the sea receded, and the shoals of the Gulf of Finland turned into islands.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The valley is composed of lake-glacial and post-glacial deposits.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Over the past 2.5 thousand years, the relief has hardly changed [4].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Climate


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The climate of Sestroretsk is temperate and humid, transitional from sea to continental.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The length of the day varies from 5 hours 51 minutes on December 22 to 6.50 pm on June 22.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The city is characterized by frequent changes in air masses due to the activity of cyclones that pass along the Gulf of Finland, which leads to great variability in weather, especially in autumn and winter.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Winter is moderately mild, with a predominance of moderately frosty, mostly cloudy weather.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Snow cover is established in the second half of November and lasts until mid-April.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Spring is late and protracted.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Summer is moderately warm, with a change of sunny and rainy days.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Autumn is cloudy and foggy.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Rainfall is about 650 mm per year, mainly in June-August.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The average annual relative air humidity is about 80%, the highest in December (90%).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In summer, westerly and north-westerly winds prevail, in winter west and south-west [2] [4].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The climate of Sestroretsk is close to the climate of nearby St. Petersburg.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The Gulf of Finland, despite its shallow water, has some impact on the temperature regime of the city.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In summer, especially in August-September, the average air temperature here is slightly higher than in St. Petersburg (by 0.5—0.8°), and in winter it is lower (by 0.5—0.6°).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The winds are somewhat stronger on the coast [5] [6].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Annual indicators of air temperature and precipitation [5] [7]:


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Soils, vegetation and wildlife


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Before the foundation of the city, the territory was covered with coniferous forests (pine and spruce) mixed with deciduous species and lowland swamps.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Today, large coniferous massifs (pine prevails) have been preserved in the area of the city, replaced by deciduous groves (birch, alder, aspen, willow).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Sandy soils predominate, on lake and alluvial sands — surface-podzolic in combination with peaty-podzolic gley soils [8].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

A fox and a muskrat are sometimes found in the vicinity of the city.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The city is home to a large number of birds, reptiles and invertebrates [9].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

On the territory of Sestroretsk, as well as the villages of Beloostrov and Pesochny, there is the state nature reserve “Sestroretskoye Swamp”, with a total area of 1900 hectares.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The reserve is a single hydrological system associated with the Gulf of Finland — Lake Razliv, the Sestra and Chernaya rivers, and numerous swamps.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The reserve has deposits of healing gittiev clays, ancient sea terraces, and various types of flora and fauna.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Any construction is prohibited in the reserve [10].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Resort factors


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Clean ionized sea air, air saturated with coniferous aroma, pine forests, sea bathing, sandy beaches are favorable for climate and thalassotherapy for organ diseases blood circulation, breathing, nervous system.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Coniferous forests, sand hills and dunes create a natural barrier to the winds and provide shade, which allows helio and aerotherapy to be carried out on the beaches.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Deep heating of the sand in the area of the dunes makes it possible to conduct sand baths.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The gentle seabed forms sandy shallow water for several tens or even hundreds of meters, convenient for swimming children.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The swimming season is from mid-June to the end of August (the average water temperature in July is +19.3°C).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Along with this, sapropel muds are used for treatment, the so-called gittium, used at the resort for mud therapy.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The field is located in the western part of the swamp adjacent to Lake Sestroretsky Razliv (mud reserves are more than 1 million tons).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Mineral water is sodium chloride in composition with a mineralization of 1.12 g/liter and a radon content (7nCi/l).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The daily flow rate is 400 cubic meters.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

It is used for balneotherapy (drinking treatment, baths) [2].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Nature SestroretskaCenter |180pxSestroretsky ResortTabuer beach in winter


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

on Lake Sestroretsky RazliThe plant dam after reconstruction


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

on Lake Sestroretsky RazlivMain alley of Dubki Park


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

overlooking the Gulf of Finland on Lake Sestroretsky Razliv


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

population


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Authorities


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The representative body of local self-government, the municipal council, has been operating since September 28, 1997.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

As a result of the elections on September 14, 2014, a new composition of the 5th convocation was elected (out of 10 deputies: 9 from United Russia, 1 from a self-nominated candidate).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The head of the municipality — Chairman of the Municipal Council of the city of Sestroretsk is Alexander Nikolaevich Belsky.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The head of the local administration of the municipality of Sestroretsk is Tatyana Semenovna Ovsyannikova.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Deputies of the Municipal Council of the city of Sestroretsk - Anisimov Vladimir Nikolaevich, Babushkina Valentina Ivanovna, Belsky Alexander Nikolaevich, Vaimer Alexander Aleksandrovich, Vasilyev Viktor Mikhailovich, Grechishnikov Ilya Aleksandrovich, Dokish Yuri Mikhailovich, Zaborovsky Nikolay Nikolaevich, Kozyrev Yuri Yuryevich, Matveev Vladimir Vitalievich.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

History


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The city's territory in the Stone Age


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

About 3000—3,500 years ago, prehistoric man appeared at the mouth of the Sestra River.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

This is evidenced by archaeological finds in the dunes near the western shore of Lake Sestroretsky Razliv, first discovered in 1905.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Eleven sites of ancient man from the Neolithic (New Stone Age) have now been found in this area.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The inventory of the parking lots is represented by tools made of quartz — arrowheads, scrapers for processing skins.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

There are many shards from ancient dishes decorated with pit-combed ornament characteristic of Neolithic tribes that lived in the III-II millennia BC throughout the forest belt of the Eastern Europe.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Remains of hearths (burnt stones and ash) are found next to broken dishes.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Scientists believe that these sites belonged to wandering hunting communities.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

They did not know farming and did not have pets [11].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Russian-Swedish wars


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The coast of the Gulf of Finland has repeatedly become the object of military conflicts between Russians and Swedes.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The first document to establish a border in this region was the Orekhovsky Peace of 1323, concluded by Prince Yuri Daniilovich of Novgorod and King Magnus of Norwegian-Swedish.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Along it, the border of the Novgorod Republic with the Kingdom of Sweden was established along the Sestra River.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Contrary to the text of the document, this peace did not become “eternal”, and later, as a result of the Russian-Swedish war of 1614-1617, the Stolbovsky Peace was concluded, according to which Russia completely lost access to the Baltic Sea [ 12].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The first mention of the Systerbäck trade fair settlement at the mouth of the Sestra River is found in Swedish chronicles of 1643.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

As a result of the Northern War, Peter I managed to recapture these lands, including the mouth of the Sestra River.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Here, in May 1703, Russian troops defeated the 12,000-strong army of Swedish General Kroniort [12].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Establishment of the city


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In order to gain a foothold on these lands, a harbor was built in 1706 near the mouth of the Sestra River.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In 1710, an expedition was sent to these places to find iron ores and map the area [13].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

A new story begins with Peter the Great's visit to the Sestra River.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The emperor ordered the construction of a summer palace on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, and a garden should be laid out nearby.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The palace was built in 1719-1724 from locally made bricks (later, in 1781 it was dismantled) [13].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

About 2,000 young oaks were planted near this palace.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

A few years later, it was decided to build a dam on the Sestre River.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The dam was used for a different purpose, as the long Northern War caused the need to strengthen the production of weapons.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In June 1721, the construction of an arms factory began under the leadership of the commander of the Olonets factories, Colonel Wilhelm Gennin.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In 1723, he was sent to Siberian factories, and Colonel Matvey Vyrubov completed his work at the Sestroretsk Arms Plant [14].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

After the construction of the dam, a vast reservoir was formed on the Sestra River — the Sestroretsky Razliv.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The plant was opened.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

The plant provided the army with pistols, muskets and cannons, and also produced civilian items (hinges, door handles, copper buttons necessary for the uniform), grilles for the Fontanka River, Ekaterininsky channel.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

There were also 15 powder workshops at the plant (in 1740, their equipment was transferred to the Okhta Powder Plants).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

[15] Sestroretsk craftsmen made the famous “Papinov's Machine” based on the drawings of M. IN. Lomonosov, as well as a silver crayfish intended for the relics of Alexander Nevsky [16].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In 1721, simultaneously with the construction of the arms factory, a wooden Peter and Paul Church was erected on its territory, and after the fire of 1730 it was rebuilt elsewhere [17].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In 1735, on the Dibuna-Bolota, near the Osinovaya Roscha manor, the Chernorechensky iron foundry was built, smelting metal from local ore.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

He gave his first smelting in the fall of the same year and continued to supply raw materials to the Sestroretsky Arms Plant for more than fifty years [18].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

During the Russian-Swedish war of 1741-1743, fortifications were built in Sestroretsk.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

Earth fortifications were renovated during the Crimean War of 1853-1856, and in June 1855, the city withstood bombing by the Anglo-French fleet [19].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In 1809, the Grand Duchy of Finland was formed as part of the Russian Empire, and in 1811 Vyborg Province was included in it together with Sestroretsk, after which the border of Finland with St. Petersburg province passed along the Sestra River [20].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

In 1847, a horse-drawn railway line was laid from Dubkovskaya Wharf on the coast of the Gulf of Finland to the Arms Plant.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

From June 1849 to September 1852, Ivan Ovsov and Dmitry Zubov, by agreement with the Department of Military Settlements, built a highway from Dubkovskaya Wharf to the front entrance of the plant with a length of 1410 running fathoms (about 3 km).


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

As a result of a strong hurricane, the waves of the Gulf of Finland destroyed the road [21].


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

By a personal decree of Emperor Alexander II, the plant with the adjacent territory was separated from the Vyborg province from year to year and annexed to the St. Petersburg province.


Question: Why did the city of Sestroretsk get its name?

Sestroretsk

[20] It was promised that instead Finland would be transferred “or the coastal strip near the Arctic Sea west of the river. Jacobs-Elf [funds of Voryem and further Pechenga], <... > or, according to proper development and assessment, the vacant land of the St. Petersburg province located along the border.”