Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

On the path of the target, a disc-shaped cloud of fragments was created, moving towards the target at an anti-missile speed (about 1.5 km/s).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The attacking warhead, flying through a cloud of fragments, was damaged and destroyed in the atmosphere.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The founder of the UBP is an employee of ITMiVT


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In 1955, he, together with astronomer S. S. Tokmalaeva, a program for BESM has been developed that makes it possible to calculate the trajectory of a free-flying body (ballistic missile warhead) in the Earth's near gravitational field from discrete radar measurements.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In 1956, Evgeny Volkov analyzed the possibility of high-precision prolongation of the trajectory based on data from three radars spaced apart on the ground (three-range method) in real time.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The result was negative, the speed of modern and promising computers at that time was not enough.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Volkov proposed to process the data previously summed up in batches and clarify the trajectory at a frequency of 10 times per second.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

This made it possible, with a slight loss of accuracy, to reduce the requirements for computer speed tenfold.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

According to the proposal, additional devices for summing data at the input and interpolation at the output (BBB) were added to the M-40 architecture.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

After the decision to create System A was made, the ITMIVT of the USSR Academy of Sciences was instructed to develop a common combat program


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In the autumn of 1956, a working group of mathematicians — graduates of Moscow State University, headed by Evgeny Volkov, was formed, which began to master the basics of programming BESM and M-40.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Later, military engineers of the training ground “A” (military unit 03080) were temporarily seconded to Volkov's group for training.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

As a result, two teams of programmers were formed at ITMIVT and at the training ground, who created the OBP.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Lev Nikolaevich Korolev, one of the pioneers of programming in the USSR, also made a significant contribution to the creation of the OBP [13].


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The first elements of the OBP began to be tested on BESM using the M-40 command simulator program.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Programs were written directly in machine codes, the task was complicated by the representation of fixed-point numbers, numerous sources of information, lack of memory, work on a real scale time.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To carry out various tests, the OBP was continuously upgraded.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In addition, a set of auxiliary programs for the functional control of the system and its means was developed.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Main elements of the complex


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

RE-1 (RE-2) radar experimental


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The first facility was put into operation at test site “A” (site No. 2).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

He did not directly participate in the operation of the system, but ensured the receipt of the first experimental data on radar images of ballistic targets.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Development began in August 1955. (SKB-30), construction began in 1956. On July 7, 1957, the R-2 ballistic missile was first discovered in flight.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

It was a single-beam radar with a full-turn two-mirror RE-10 antenna with a diameter of 15 m, powered by a horn feed.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The spherical fairing of the antenna rotated together with it along two axes.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The RE-1 transmitting device, based on the well-developed B-200 radar of the S-25 air defense system, provided a pulse power of 2 MW and operated in the range of 10 cm. The receiver, a superheterodyne with double frequency conversion, had 2 amplification channels with linear and logarithmic characteristics.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The output signal from oscilloscope tubes was recorded on photo and video tape.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Since there were no systems for measuring angular coordinates and auto-tracking, guidance was carried out manually by the KT-50 optical telescope, connected by tracking electric drives on selsyns with the antenna.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The work was carried out during the hours of visibility of the target (dawn, sunset).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The radar was used to study the radar characteristics of the R-2, R-5 and R-12 BR at the final stage of the flight.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The maximum target detection range was about 400 km.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The measured scattering surface (ESR) of the missile warheads was about 0.3 m², the hull - more than 10 square meters.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In 1958 The radar was modernized and received the name RE-2.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The new transmitting device with a pulse power of 10 MW operated at the frequencies of precision guidance radars under construction.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The parameters of the radio channel were carefully measured and calibrated according to reference spheres launched on meteorological balloons.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The results of the work were recorded by AKS-40 aviation cameras, special RE-803 cameras and loop oscilloscopes.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In 1958, for the first time, postings were carried out in orbit of the Soviet artificial Earth satellite No. 3.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The RE-2 operated until 1964.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The next in the RE series were:


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

RE-3 based on the precision guidance radar (RTN) of the “A” system, measuring point IP-11, pos.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Uka, Kura training ground, Kamchatka (1961—1975).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

RE-4 based on the target channel radar (RKC-35) of the A-35 missile defense system, Sary-Shagan test site, site No. 38.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

PTN precision guidance radars [14] [15]


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Precision guidance radars RTN-1 (platform No. 1), RTN-2 (site No. 2) and RTN-3 (site No. 3) were the main measuring tool of the system.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

All RTN, working in continuous interaction with the M-40 computer (GKVC), implemented the triangulation method (three ranges), separately for the target and for the anti-missile.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To do this, each radar had two antenna systems, the small one (RS-11) worked on the product (anti-missile), the large one (RS-10) on the target - the attacking warhead.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Ensuring the defeat of the head unit with a fragmentation warhead at distances of about 100 km required extremely high accuracy from the RTN.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

All three objects, with high accuracy, were geographically tied to the vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle of 85 km radius, centered near the assumed point of impact ballistic missiles.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Each RTN was a complex of.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The target channel radar had a Cassegrain two-mirror scheme.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The main parabolic mirror with a diameter of 15 m is made with a permissible separation of less than 2 mm.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

A 4-horn feed was installed in the focus of the antenna.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In the transmission mode, all horns worked in phase, forming a highly directional beam of 0.7 x 0.7 degrees.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

, when working for reception, four shifted rays were formed, creating an instantaneous equivalent direction to the target.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The maximum target capture range was about 700 km.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To be able to guide the target through the zenith region, the fixed axis of the support-rotary devices of the RS-10, RS-11 antennas was located horizontally.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The mass of the moving part of the RS-10 antenna system was 92 tons. Power drives with a capacity of 70 and 40 kW along the axes worked in conjunction with a digital tracking system and provided guidance at the target in the range of 0-180 degrees.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

with errors of no more than a few arcminutes at a speed of movement along each axis of 13 deg/s and an acceleration of up to 3 deg/s.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Optical-mechanical sensors converted angular positions into a 14-bit digital code.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The angular coordinates of the target in the working algorithms of the “A” system were used as auxiliary ones.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

generated signals of two durations — 3 μs and 0.5 μs for operation, respectively, at the preliminary and main stages of operation.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Specially designed high-power Channel magnetrons provided a transmitter pulse power of 30 MW.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The receiver of the target channels and the anti-missile were superheterodynes with double frequency conversion and a wide dynamic range.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The input amplifiers were built on specially designed low-noise TWT “Reed”.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

From the output of the receiving device, the signal was sent to the rangefinder, indicators, the tracking system and the control and recording equipment.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

were built on the digital principle, the range to the target and PR were displayed in the form of a 22-bit binary code.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The instrumental measurement error was less than 0.2 m, the hardware error in the intervals between the adjustment work was less than 0.75 m.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To eliminate time errors associated with the large spatial spacing of the RTN, the operation of the radar and data transmission via the radio relay communication line were rigidly tied to the unified time system of the polygon (SEV).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The crystal oscillator, which ensures synchronous operation, was located in a thermostat and was located in a mine 25 m deep.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The tasks of auto-tracking were solved by a 20-bit computing device RS-40V with a speed of 50 thousand operations per second. The same device provided control of the RTN using simulation equipment according to test programs and the task of automatically adjusting the target channel and the missile channel.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

At a distance of about 900 m from each RTN, there were 80 meter measuring towers with antennas connected by a waveguide path to the RTN building.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

At a distance of about 15 km there were corner reflectors.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The multi-channel transmission devices along the corner reflector were periodically entered into the memory of quotation corrections.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The radar antenna of the RS-11 product channel (anti-missile) was smaller.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The diameter of the main mirror is 4.6 m, the mass of the moving part is 8 tons, the drive power is 2 kW along each axis, the pulse power is 1 MW.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Unlike the RS-10, a single-channel irradiator with circular polarization was used and there was no auto-tracking system.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Beam guidance was continuously carried out from the State Exhibition and Convention Center according to the commands of the M-40 computer.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To exclude mutual influence, target radars and anti-missiles operated at spaced carrier frequencies and repetition frequencies.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

For RS-10 and RS-11 antennas, for the first time in the USSR, radio-transparent shelters (antenna fairings) were developed and manufactured.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Rigid shelters and Kupol-11 were truncated polyhedra, 35 and 15.5 meters in diameter made of honeycomb material with a honeycomb height of 110 mm.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

For RS-10 antennas, inflatable shelters made of rubberized nylon with a diameter of 36 meters with an internal overpressure of 20-80 mm of water were also used.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

art.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

SKB-30, the Radio Engineering Institute of the Academy of Sciences (RTI), machine-building and aviation plants in St. Gorky.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

“Danube-2” early warning radar


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The development of the Danube long-range detection radar for aircraft and ballistic targets began on an initiative basis at the Design Bureau of Plant No. 37 and NII-108 (now TsNIRTI, head A. AND. Berg) in January 1954.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The first child of the family, the Danube-1 mock-up locator, was tested in the vicinity of Moscow at the end of 1955.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The results far surpassed everything that was achieved at the best domestic stations [16].


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

He supervised research work.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The task for the development of a draft radar design for the missile defense system was issued in 1956.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The Danube-2 was a continuous radiation radar of the decimeter range with linear frequency modulation (LFM).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Antenna devices are made in the form of parabolic cylindrical mirrors with irradiators made of waveguides with a slowing structure and slotted radiators.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The elevation angle was measured by the amplitude-phase method with a two-story design of the receiving antenna.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The construction of the Danube-2 began in August 1957 on the shore of Lake Balkhash, south of Priozersk, 80 km from the area of the fall of the warheads of ballistic missiles (point T-2).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

At the transmitting position (platform No. 15) there were two synchronous generators with a capacity of 40 kW each operating on one antenna 150 meters wide and 8 meters high.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The antenna formed two radiation patterns 0.6 by 16 degrees in size in space.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The receiving position was located 1 km north (site No. 14), the antenna had a width of 150 m and a height of 25 m. The technological building housed a complex of equipment for detecting, capturing and automatically tracking targets, a control panel and an indicator device of the station.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

August 6, 1958 The Danube-2 radar went on air for the first time and found an R-5 ballistic missile in flight at a distance of 1000 km.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

On November 6, the first automatic detection and tracking of the missile was carried out with coordinate measurement and target designation formation on the RTN.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The station reached a maximum detection range of 1200 km, the accuracy of issuing coordinates 1 km in range, 0.5 degrees in the corners.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

After the completion of complex tests of the Danube-2 radar as part of System A, in 1967—1968, the Danube-3UP station was created on its basis, which was an experimental model of the DO Dunai-3U combat radar A-35 missile defense systems.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

CSO-P early warning radar


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

“Central Detection Station — Preliminary” (CSO-P) was developed at the Radio Engineering Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences (RALAN, later the Radio Engineering Institute — RTI) under the leadership of M. M. Weisbein and A. L. Mints as an early detection radar of the “zone missile defense system”.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

After the closure of the “zonal system” project in favor of System “A”, it was built at the test site as an alternative version of the long-range detection radar (DO).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

It was a pulse station of the meter range with frequency scanning in the azimuthal plane and phase measurement of the elevation angle, had one antenna position with a horn antenna 250 m long, 15 m high. Management was planned to be carried out using a special M-4 computer.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To increase the range, the radar used long-duration pulse signals (200 μsec).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

It was located at site No. 8 of test site “A”, not far from the Danube-2 radar station.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Installation was completed in April 1960, on September 17, 1961, the station first discovered and accompanied targets, and autonomous tests were completed in December 1961.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

She worked at the training ground until the end of the 60s.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

It was not included in System “A” (participated in the tests autonomously) due to insufficient accuracy of target designation [10], although it was somewhat simpler and cheaper than the Danube-2 radar.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

There were also difficulties with the M-4 computer, which subsequently led to its replacement with hardware [16].


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

At the CSO-P, many hardware solutions and methods for processing radar information used in subsequent generations of radars were worked out.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

On the basis of two modernized CSOs with a new M-2 semiconductor computer, a series of early warning radars “Dniester” was later developed.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Main Command and Computing Station (GKVP), M-40 and M-50 computers


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The GKVP was located in the administrative center of the landfill (site No. 40).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

It consisted of a turbine room (500 sq.m.) with an M-40 control computer, an M-50 general-purpose computer and a central display station (CIS).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

During combat operations, the GKVP serviced the crew of programmers led by the responsible representative of the chief designer.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

CIS is a control panel for system “A”, it housed a remote indicator (PI) on which the time before and after the launch of the missile, commands, signals from controlled objects, PTN standing points and starting position.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The screens displayed flight marks of the target and anti-missile with current deviations from the calculated guidance point.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

M-40 [17] The control computer, the core of the State Exhibition and Exhibition Center and the “brain” of the entire “A” system.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In the process of intercepting targets, a common combat program (OBP) was launched on it, ensuring the execution of all computational operations and control of the elements of System “A” in real time.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The computer was developed specifically for the needs of missile defense in the ITM and VT of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1958 (according to other sources, in 1956) [17], put into operation in the fall of 1959 by Chief Designer S. A. Lebedev said.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Vsevolod Burtsev, lead developer and technical manager of the project.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

It was a 36-bit (according to other sources, a 37-bit [18]) computer of the 1st generation on tube trigger cells and ferrite-transistor elements, calculations were made with a fixed point.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The average performance is 40,000 operations per second (addition 300,000 ops. /s, multiplying 50,000 op. /s [18]).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The RAM on ferrite cores had 4,096 40-bit cells, the external memory had 4 magnetic drums with 4,096 words each.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Programming was carried out in machine code, programs were entered from punch cards and punched tapes.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

M-50 [19] was put into operation in 1959.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

It was a modification of the M-40, supported floating point numbers, was used for mathematical modeling and processing of digital and analog information recorded during combat operation.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To achieve high performance, the M-40 V. S. Burtsev significantly revised the principles of computer organization [20].


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The command management device (CC), arithmetic unit (AU), random access memory (RAM) and external device control unit (UVU) had autonomous control and operated in parallel, accessing RAM through a multiplex channel.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The exchange with external devices was carried out by a second input/output processor (PVV), operating on a rigid program.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Five remote correspondents were connected to the computer via duplex asynchronous communication lines: the Danube-2 DO radar, launch pad No. 6 — an anti-missile, three precision guidance radars (RTN-1, RTN-2, RTN-3).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The overall rate of information receipt exceeded 1 Mbit/s.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To unload the computer, the data from the RTN were summed up by the PVV and received for processing in batches with a frequency of 10 Hz.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

At the same time, the M-40 recorded express information on an external memory for subsequent processing on the M-50.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

All input and output information was recorded on magnetic tapes by control and recording equipment, which made it possible to simulate and analyze many times in real time every launch.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To perform this task, the M-40 and M-50 computers were connected by machine-to-machine exchange and had a developed interrupt system.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Further development of the M-40, M-50 line of machines was 5E92, 5E92b and serial 5E51 [19].


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

B-1000 anti-missile


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Development began in November 1956.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

OKB-2 (MKB Fakel) General Designer P. D. Grushin.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Leading designers Semyon Gershevich Grishpun (1956—1958), Vladimir Aleksandrovich Yermolenko (since 1958).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The first anti-missiles were assembled at the pilot production of the Fakel MKB, and serial production continued at the Dolgoprudny Machine-Building Plant since 1959.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In total, about 100 items were collected.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The missile's launch weight is 8785 kg, the hull length is 14.5 m, the 1st stage is the PRD-33 turbojet engine with a thrust of 200 tons, the 2nd stage is the C3.42B liquid propellant rocket engine of variable thrust 3-10.5 tons, the combat unit weight is 500 kg, the launch readiness time is 30 s, flight time 55 s, controlled flight range 60 km, interception altitude 23—28 km.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

At altitudes of 22-28 km, the missile had a speed of 1500 m/s and the ability to maneuver with overloads of 2-3 units.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The B-1000 missile was launched from one of two specially designed SM-71P launchers, which were located at the launch position of the test site (site No. 6).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Before launch, according to commands from the central computing station, the launcher turned to a predetermined azimuth and rose to a fixed launch angle of 78 degrees.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The first launch took place on October 13, 1957. On August 31, 1958, the missile reached its maximum flight speed for the first time.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In fact, the B-1000 was a variant of a traditional anti-aircraft missile with extra characteristics and was considered by Grigory Kisunko as a functional and dummy substitute for a promising anti-missile the trans-atmospheric zone that was yet to be created.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The B-1000 significantly exceeded the best B-750 missile at that time (product 1D) of the S-75 air defense system in terms of warhead weight by 3 times, in terms of the speed of the target to be hit by more than 5 times, almost 2 times in range controlled flight, and several kilometers in the altitude of interception of the target.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The launch readiness time has been reduced from minutes to 30 seconds. The mass of the B-1000 and the thrust of its engines were 4 times greater than that of the B-750.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The autopilot (SKB-36 KB-1 Pyotr Mikhailovich Kirillov) operated damping gyroscopes that measure angular velocities along the course, pitch and roll, as well as a free gyroscope that measures roll angles with start time 30 sec. For the first time, autopilot electronics were created exclusively on semiconductor elements using printed circuit boards.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

B-1000 was well mastered in production, on its basis, research missiles were created at the Design Bureau of the Dolgoprudnensky Machine-Building Plant: Ya2TA (testing equipment for external trajectory measurements), 1Ya2TA (research electric jet plasma-ion thrusters in near-Earth space), 2Ya2TA (studies of fairings of a thermal homing head), C1A (studies of the possibility of thermal homing in missile defense), 20DO (sampling from a radioactive cloud of a nuclear explosion).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Anti-missile warhead [22]


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The terms of reference for the combat unit of the anti-missile were issued in 1955


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Estimated miss: 75 meters


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Warhead weight: 500—600 kg


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Height: 25 km


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Anti-missile speed: 1.5 km/s


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Relative meeting speed: 3.5—4 km/s


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Unlike the aircraft, the BR warhead had a small size and a durable body (about 150 mm of heat-shielding coating+10 mm metal sheath), which must be pierced at an acute angle of encounter and disable a nuclear TR inside.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The specifics of the task required the development of a fundamentally new design.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The chief designer of the anti-missile BC was approved by A. IN. Voronov said.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In these warheads, as well as in anti-aircraft warheads, steel rods were used as a striking element.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

However, during the tests, it turned out that the rod energy was not enough to effectively defeat the BR warhead.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Colliding with it at an acute angle, the rod slid over its body, gradually losing energy.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Success was brought by the work of the GSKB-47 of the MOP [23], conducted under the leadership of K. AND. Kozorezova [24].


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In the course of numerous experiments, he created a more effective BC with an active damaging element (PE) such as “cherry in chocolate”.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

PE was a hollow metal ball with a diameter of 24 mm filled with an explosive, in the center there was a monolithic ball with a diameter of 8 mm made of an alloy of cobalt and tungsten carbide.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The combat unit of the anti-missile, weighing 500 kg, contained 15,000 PE (in the later version 16,000).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To create a uniform disc-shaped field on the target's path, the outer shell of the missile was previously destroyed with the help of detonating cords, then a propellant charge from a mixture of TNT and gunpowder was triggered.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The balls were ejected perpendicular to the axis of the anti-missile, forming a circular striking field on the target's path.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To form a uniform field with a diameter of 50-75 meters, the BC was triggered with a lead time of about 0.3 seconds. The collision of the BR warhead with the striking element caused a shock detonation of the PE, which facilitated the penetration of the hull.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The central ball penetrated into the BR warhead and disabled the nuclear charge [25].


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

In addition, the warhead with damaged thermal insulation was destroyed in the atmosphere under the influence of the incoming air flow.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

It was this BC that was first intercepted on March 4, 1961.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Data transmission system [26]


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

It was built on the basis of mobile radio relay stations (RRS) R-400, R-400M [27].


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Each station consisted of an electronic part, antenna mast devices and a diesel generator, which were mounted on 3 ZIL-157 vehicles.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The operating frequency range of the station is 1550-1750 MHz.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

the antenna-feeder device consisted of 4 parabolic antennas with a diameter of 1.5 m each on a mast 20 m high, basic information was transmitted digitally, phase pulse modulation was used with time division of channels.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

To communicate between the facilities of System A, 17 stations were deployed.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Measuring complex


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The first optical measuring means at the test site were used to service the RE-1 radar since 1957 and consisted of two KT-50 film telescopes and equipment of the Unified Time Service (SEV).


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Organizationally, on the basis of the directive of the General Staff of the Air Defense Forces of May 18, 1961, two departments were formed at the training ground - the 3rd Directorate of Polygon Measurements and the 4th Directorate of Special Computations .


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

By this time, the measuring complex included seven sites (measuring points) IP-16, IP-17, IP-18, IP-20, IP-21, IP-22, IP-24, each facility was serviced by a separate military unit.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The points were equipped with KT-50, KFT-10/20 film phototheodolites, SKT-1, SKT-60 high-speed film telescopes, Irtysh-D phase radio direction finders (later Visla-M), Amur and Binokl-D radars.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The measuring complex also included a team of mobile measuring tools.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The M-205 (NIEM) computers and M-100 computers were used to process the results.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

The measuring complex of the test site continued to develop after the completion of work on the “A” system.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

By the time of the peak of the test intensity (1975), it consisted of 17 measuring points with a total length of measuring routes of about 700 km.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Comparative characteristics


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

System A objects on the map


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Notes


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Literature


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

G. IN. Kisunko.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

“The secret zone. Confession of the General Designer”.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Moscow, 1996, Sovremennik


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

A. F. Kulakov “Past Victories and Fresh Thoughts”.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Moscow.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

: InformBuro, 2011.-184 p.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

:il.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

ISBN 978-5-904481-51-3


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

N. K. Ostapenko “A letter to my son and a little bit about missile defense”.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

— M.: Meronk, 1999.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

N. K. Ostapenko “More about missile defense. They were from my little life.”


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

— MOSCOW, 2007.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

M. N. Nikolaev “Rocket against Rocket” M., Voenizdat.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

1963 year


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Moscow.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

2006 Authors and compilers: Pupkov K. A., Goncharenko P. G., Gritsenko V. V., Gudkov S. A., Yegupov N. D., Zmitrovich A. A., Konovalov A. I., Kurilov V. I., Lokhmatov V. S., Panyukhin V. K., Sevryukov V. G., Tarasov A. V., Tutetsky I. M., Shalnov I. S., Shmygin A. AND.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

, FR. IN. Golubev, Y.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

A. Kamensky, M. G. Minasyan, B.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

D. Pupkov said.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

(From the book “Vympel Corporation”. Rocket and Space Defense Systems”) Moscow — 2004.


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Category:Computer networks in the USSR


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Category:Missile weapons


Question: Who was the founder of the missile defense system in the USSR?

“A” system

Category:Priozyorsk


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

DC Worlds


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

DC Worlds (English: Worlds of DC) is a media franchise based on DC Comics comics and developed by Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Pictures.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

So far, six films in the series have been released — Man of Steel, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Suicide Squad, Wonder Woman, Justice League, and Aquaman.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Pictures plans to shoot twelve more films in the series with a plot connection, but with different characters that will sometimes overlap with each other.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Shazam! and Wonder Woman 1984 are in post-production.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Filming of Birds of Prey began on January 12, 2019 [1] [2]


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

The rest of the films have just been announced.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Creating


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In December 2012, it became known that Zack Snyder's Man of Steel was due to be the first DC Comics film related to the upcoming Justice League adaptation [3] [4] [5].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

On June 10, 2013, it was reported that David S. Goyer is confirmed as the writer of the Justice League script [6] [7].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

A few days later, David S. Goyer said that in the Man of Steel universe, in addition to Superman, there is another DC Comics character, Batman, but this universe is different from the one created by Christopher Nolan in his Batman trilogy.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Christian Bale (who played the character in the Nolan trilogy) refused to return to the role, rumored that he had finally agreed to the role of Batman for a large fee, but they were denied.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Therefore, Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

and DC Comics invited Ben Affleck to play Batman [8].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

On July 20, 2013, The Hollywood Reporter reported that at San Diego Comic-Con International, Zach Snyder announced that the sequel to Man of Steel would be in the summer of 2016, and in this film Superman would be in on the same team as Batman; Henry Cavill will return to his role, and the role of Bruce Wayne will be played by Ben Affleck.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

The publication also reports that Justice League will be released in a year, in 2017 [9].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

On December 5, 2013, it was officially announced that Israeli actress Gal Gadot would play the role of Wonder Woman [10].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

On April 25, Variety, citing reliable sources, announced the addition to the cast of Batman v Superman, Ray Fisher will play Victor Stone, better known as Cyborg.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

It is expected that his role will be small, but in the upcoming film Justice League it will expand significantly [11].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

At the end of June, it became known that Scoot McNaire joined the cast.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

It is assumed that McNairy will play a significant character in DC Comics [12].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In August 2014, in an interview with Spanish-language website LanaCion, Dwayne Johnson confirmed that he would star in a film about Shazam or Black Adam.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Johnson did not say whether it was a solo film, or his character will somehow be involved in the upcoming blockbuster Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice or in the Justice League team-up .


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

However, the actor noted that DC Worlds and comic book mythology are related [13].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

On May 18, 2016, Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

appointed DC Films Leaders — DC Comics Creative Director Jeff Jones and Executive Vice President of Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

John Berg.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In the near future, Jones and Berg will review the entire announced line of films based on the DC comic book, and we may face some changes in the schedule.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Movies


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Announced


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

“Batman” (English: “The Batman”) - October 2014 by Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

announced that a solo film about Batman is in development, and actor Ben Affleck will play the character again [14].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In July 2015, it was reported that Affleck was negotiating with the studio to stage the film and co-write the script with Jeff Jones [15].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

After the release of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, WME CEO Patrick Whitesel confirmed that Affleck wrote the script for the Batman solo film and is currently consider studio and DC [16].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In April 2016, Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Kevin Tsujihara confirmed that the studio is developing a solo film about Batman, in which Affleck will play the main role [17].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In May 2016, Jeremy Irons confirmed that he would appear in the Dark Knight film [18], while Affleck himself announced that for his Batman solo film, he borrowed ideas from comics, but it will mainly be an “original story” [19].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

At Comic-Con in San Diego in July 2016, it was officially confirmed that Affleck would direct the film [20].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In August 2016, one of Affleck's social media pages posted a test material showing Detstroke's character.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

On September 8, 2016, Jeff Jones confirmed that Joe Manganiello would play mercenary Slade Wilson, who may become the main villain of the film [21].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In early October 2016, Affleck stated that the alleged title of the film was Batman, [22] adding: “At least that's what we are going with right now. I can change it” [23].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In December 2016, Affleck confirmed in an interview with Variety that the film would be shot in the spring of 2017 [24].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Later that month, Greg Silverman, who was responsible for the production of Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

, stated that the film should be expected in 2018 [25].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In January 2017, Affleck stated that the film did not have a script and that he would direct it only if he felt that it would be a great film [26].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Later, but in the same month, Affleck announced that he was retiring as director to focus on his role.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

He will continue to act as the screenwriter, producer and main actor of the film [27].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Also, the director's resignation was prompted by the failure of the film Law of the Night.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

After news of Affleck's resignation as director, Deadline reported that Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice screenwriter Chris Terrio began rewriting the original by Affleck and Jones [28].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

At the end of February 2017, Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

announced that the film would be called “The Batman” and that Matt Reeves has been officially confirmed as director and producer of the film [29].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In June, Reeves announced that the film will show a noir, detective version of Batman with a powerful emphasis on his vision of the world.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

This should allow the viewer to establish a close connection with what is going on in the head and heart of the character.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

The creation of the picture will also be influenced by the works of Alfred Hitchcock [30].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In July, Reeves confirmed that the script had been rewritten to suit his style and vision of the film [31].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In January 2019, it was announced that filming would begin in November.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Whether Ben Affleck will remain in the role of Batman is unknown.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Cyborg (English: “Cyborg”) — In April 2014, actor Ray Fisher was selected to play Victor Stone/Cyborg [32].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In October 2014, Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

announced a solo film about this superhero called “Cyborg” [33].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In May 2017, at the City of Heroes convention, Fisher denied rumors of problems with the DC Expanded Universe and confirmed that work on a solo film about Cyborg was still ongoing.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

He also said that the premiere is still scheduled for 2020 [34].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In August 2017, actor Joe Morton announced that he had signed a contract for three films and that he would return to the role of Dr. Silas Stone.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

The film is scheduled to be released in North America on April 2, 2020 [36].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

The Green Lantern Corps (English: “Green Lantern Corps”) was held in October 2014 by Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

announced a solo film about Green Lanterns [33].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

The film will not be a sequel to the 2011 film Green Lantern, but will be a relaunch.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In July 2015, the title of the film was announced at the Comic-Con Festival in San Diego [37].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In January 2017, it was reported that David Goyer and Justin Rhodes will jointly write a script based on the story of Jeff Jones and Goyer.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Goyer will also act as a producer [38].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

The film is scheduled to be released in North America on July 24, 2020 [39].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Larfliz and Red Lanterns will be the main antagonists.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Projects under development


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

A list of films that are under development and do not have an official release date/whose premiere will not take place on the appointed date.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

“The Flash” (English: “The Flash”) - In July 2013, it was reported that Greg Berlanti, who was involved in the creation of The Flash for The CW, was developing a film about The Flash for Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

[40] In October 2014, Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

announced that a solo film about the character will be released on March 16, 2018 [41], and the role of Barry Allen should be played by actor Ezra Miller after the character's first appearance in Batman v Superman: dawn of justice” [42].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In April 2015, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller took up the story for the film.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

They were also asked to stage the film, but they refused in October 2015 and preferred another project [43].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In October 2015, Seth Graham-Smith was appointed screenwriter and director, who hoped that the speedster film would be his feature film debut [44].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

At the end of April 2016, it was reported that Seth Graham-Smith had been suspended from work on the film due to creative disagreements, but the studio still retained its script [45].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Later, producer Charles Roven announced that the events of the Flash and Aquaman films would take place after the events of the Justice League and would not tell the story of the origin of these characters [46].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In early June 2016, it became known that Rick Famuyiva became the new director of the film [47].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

At the end of July 2016, actress Kircy Clemons was cast for the role of Iris West.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In August of the same year, it was reported that Ray Fisher's cyborg would appear in the film [49].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In September, it was also reported that actor Billy Crudup had landed the role of Barry's father, Henry Allen.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In October, Rick Famuyiva resigned as director due to creative disagreements with management [51].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

At the end of January 2017, Variety reported that Joby Harold would completely rewrite the script of the film and that development of the project was suspended for a while due to Famuyiva's departure [52].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

At the end of April 2017, it became known that Robert Zemeckis, along with other directors, had met with the studio about the production of the film [53] [54], and in May it was reported that he was frontranner and that in addition to him, directors such as Sam Raimy and Matthew Vaughn are also negotiating with the studio [55].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Each of them met with producers from Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

and discussed prospects for cooperation.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Ideally, the company wants to launch production of the film in 2017.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Phil Lord and Christopher Miller are also in reserve, who wrote the first version of the script if none of the directors agree to participate in the project.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In mid-May, it was reported that Mark Webb and Sam Raimy refused to stage the film [56].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In June, TheWrap reported that Lord and Miller were reopen to discussion and were even negotiating again to direct the film [57].


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In July, at SDCC, it was announced that the title of the film had been changed to “The Flash” [58].


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The plot will be based on the comic book story arch of the same name [59].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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In September 2017, Deadline reported that Gal Gadot would again play the role of Diana Prince/Wonder Woman in the film [60].


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Later, but in the same month, it was reported that work on the script had been completed.


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At the time of completion of the script, Zemeckis was still considered by the studio as a candidate for director, and Lord and Miller stopped working on the film because both signed a contract for the production of a film adaptation of Andy Weir's book Artemis [61].


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In November, it was confirmed that the film was a priority for the film company and that it hoped that The Flash would become the most prominent of all Justice League characters.


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In addition, producer Toby Emmerich said that the studio is close to hiring a director [62] [63].


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During an interview with the Toronto Sun, Ezra Miller said that although he could not reveal many details, they still had to wait a long time to be able to create the film.


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Warner Bros.


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was very careful about announcing the Flash movie.


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He also said that the film will be announced very soon [64].


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The plot of the film takes place after the events of the Justice League [65].


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Nightwing (English: “Nightwing”) - in February 2017, it became known that Warner Bros.


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is developing a solo film about Batman's partner, about the first Robin - Dick Grayson.


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Chris McKay is negotiating a solo film production.


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Bill Dubuque writes the script for the film [66].


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Discussing the criteria by which an actor will be selected for the role of a character, McKay cited as an example the level of physical activity that an actor must withstand, which will also include martial arts, gymnastics and tricks that will be required to play the main role.


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In an interview with Collider, McKay confirmed that the film will be called Nightwing.


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Explaining the reason why he liked the character and why he agreed to be hired for the project, McKay recalled the personality of the character himself and his role as an artist, and also said that he was excited an opportunity to show this in a film [67].


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McKay later said that he would like to show in the film a version of the hero that would fully reveal him, which had not been done before in previous film adaptations with the character [68].


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McKay explained that he loves Warner Bros.


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for her director-oriented approach, and the fact that the franchise is different from other popular universes where everything is interconnected [69].


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During an interview with Cinemablend, McKay confirmed that the film will show the character's past as it appears in comics, including when he worked at Haley Circus.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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He also confirmed that the film will be a simple action movie, as realistic as possible and with minimal use of CGI special effects [70] [71] [72].


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In November 2017, McKay announced on his Twitter page that he had finished working on the script and also expressed his love for it.


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In addition, the director said that pre-production could begin as early as 2018.


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In the same statement, McKay confirmed that the casting for the lead role for the film would be open [73].


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Batgirl (English: “Batgirl”) is a solo film about Batman's partner, Batgirl.


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In March 2017, it became known that Joss Whedon was completing a deal with Warner Bros.


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and will write, produce and direct a solo film about this heroine [74].


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According to Entertainment Weekly [75], Batgirl will be directly Barbara Gordon, and the character will be based on Gail Simon's New 52 comic book line.


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Whedon himself said that the comics from this line will serve as a “starting point” for the film.


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In April, the director stated that he was interested in making a film about the character, as he was obsessed with the reasons why the girl decided to “get stronger and put on a hood”, wanted to understand “what she was wearing tragedy”, because unlike Bruce Wayne/Batman, she did not have a child tragedy.


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The director said that the film would try to show how her personality was formed [76].


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After a while, producer Deborah Snyder announced that this project would be the next female superhero film after the release of Wonder Woman [77].


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In July, Jeff Jones announced that Whedon would begin production of the film in 2018.


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At SDCC, the title of the film, Batgirl, was announced [79].


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Gotham City Sirens - In May 2016, it became known that a Harley Quinn spin-off was in development, which will also feature other DC Comics female characters [80 ].


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While preparing for the role of Harley for Suicide Squad, actress Margot Robbie got acquainted with DC female characters in detail and was strongly impressed by their richest pantheon.


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The actress found a screenwriter, who turned out to be Geneva Robertson-Dvoret, and introduced him to the studio, which was very interested in the offer and immediately hired her [81].


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The project is being developed as part of an agreement between Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Pictures and Margot Robbie, who will again play the role of Quinn and become executive producer through her newly created production company LuckyChap Entertainment [82].


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In addition to Robbie, the film is produced by John Berg and Jeff Jones.


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In December, it was announced that David Eyre would be the director and executive producer of a film called Gotham Sirens, which would be based on the comic book series of the same name.


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Will Smith has already announced his desire to star in the spin-off [83].


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Jared Leto will return to the role of the Joker [84].


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Justice League Dark - In January 2013, Guillermo Del Toro confirmed that he was working on a film with the working title Dark Universe, which is based on Justice League Dark DC superhero team.


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Del Toro was looking for a screenwriter for the film.


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The director also said that the plot will feature such characters as Dr. Alec Holland/Swamp Beast, John Constantin/Messenger of Hell, Jason Blood/Demon Etrigan, Jim Corrigan/Spectrum, Nimue Invoodu/Madame Xanadu, Boston Brand/Dead Man, Zatanna Zatara and her father Giovanni Zatara [85] [86].


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The story itself will focus on Konstantin, who will recruit some of the characters to his team.


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The film would not tell the story of the origin of each character, as elements of their prehistory would already be woven into the overall plot [87].


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In November 2014, Del Toro confirmed that the script was completed and that he handed it over to Warner Bros.


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for consideration [88].


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In December, the director announced that the film would be part of the DC Expanded Universe [89].


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In June 2015, it was announced that Del Toro was no longer tied to the project [90].


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Although many Justice League Dark characters began to be released under the DC Vertigo brand, and Vertigo characters were transferred to Warner New Line Cinema (such as Sandman), the characters Justice League Dark remained under the control of Warner Bros.


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, which hopes to include them in future DC Expanded Universe projects [91].


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At the end of August 2016, it became known that Doug Lyman would be directed [92].


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The script will be written by Michael Gilio and produced by Scott Rudin.


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Later, in an interview with CinemaBlend, Lyman said that the film would be inspired by classic horror films, as well as focus on characters who would be distinguished by their humanity [93] [94].


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On May 23, 2017, Variety reported that Lyman had resigned as director of the film due to employment with another project.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Argentine Andres Muschetti is already actively meeting with replacement candidates and among the favorites of the studio [95].


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In July 2017, SDCC announced the title of the film, Justice League Dark [79].


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In August, it became known that Gilio's script will be rewritten.


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The studio showed the finished material to potential directors, and both sides were dissatisfied with the result [96].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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In the same month, Gerard Johnstone was hired to work on the script for the film [97].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Suicide Squad 2 (English: “Suicide Squad 2”) - In March 2016, it was reported that the sequel to Suicide Squad was in development [98].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In February 2017, it became known that the project was a priority for the studio and it had a list of potential directors for the project, including Mel Gibson, Daniel Espinos, Jonathan Levine, Ruben Fleischer [99] [100].


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A little later, Mel Gibson confirmed that he was waiting for his first meeting with Warner Bros.


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about directing the film [101].


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In March, THR announced that screenwriter Adam Kozad was hired by Warner Bros.


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for writing a script [102].


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In early June, actor Yuel Kinnaman, who played the role of Rick Flag in the first part, announced that the script was already being written for the film, and filming was scheduled to begin in 2018.


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The actor also said that he would probably return in the sequel [103].


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Due to the delay in the script, Gibson chose to switch his attention to other projects and in July it was announced that Jaume Collet-Serra was the studio's main candidate for director of the film.


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Zach Penn wrote a story that will form the basis of the film and said that the new script is in the process of being written.


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Collet-Serra later resigned as director [104].


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In the same month, at SDCC, the film was officially announced and called Suicide Squad 2 [79].


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Jared Leto has already confirmed that he will play the role of the Joker again [84].


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In September 2017, Gavin O'Connor was officially hired as a screenwriter and director [105] [106] [106] [107], but soon left the project.


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In October 2018, James Gunn was hired as screenwriter.


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The main villain will be Reverse Flash/Professor Zoom.


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“The Untitled Man of Steel sequel” (English: “Untitled Man of Steel sequel”) was released in October 2014 by Warner Bros.


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announced that another Superman solo film is in development, and actor Henry Cavill decided to return to his role [14].


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In August 2016, TheWrap reported that Warner Bros.


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launches “active production” of the sequel to the film “Man of Steel” [108].


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According to them, “Superman is one of the top priorities for the studio. The audience likes the character very much, and it is also very important for them.”


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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A little later, Henry Cavill's manager, Dani Garcia, confirmed the development of the sequel to Superman in an interview with Newsweek [109].


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In November 2016, actress Amy Adams reported that work on the script had already begun [110].


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In September 2017, director Matthew Vaughn confirmed that he was negotiating with the studio to stage the film [111] [112].


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“The Untitled Justice League sequel” (English: “Untitled Justice League sequel”) was released in October 2014 by Warner Bros.


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announced the film itself and announced that Zach Snyder would return as a director [14].


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In June 2016, it became known that Justice League would be an independent story, after which the sequel lost its title [113].


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The film was scheduled to premiere on June 13, 2019, [41] but was postponed indefinitely to replace Batman. [114]


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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In October 2017, JK Simmons said in an interview with Total Film magazine that the film was still in development and the script was being worked on [115].


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As for the league Luthor Detstroke recommended, the Injustice League is still a choice.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

After all, in the previous film, in the post-credits scene, they discussed this particular league.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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“Untitled Black Adam film” - In January 2017, THR announced that Dwayne Johnson would receive his own solo film about the anti-hero/villain Black Adame [116].


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Work on Shazam and this film will be carried out simultaneously.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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After that, Dwayne announced that Black Adam would appear in the DC Extended Universe earlier than expected and that in one of the films there would be a struggle between this character and Superman.


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However, he could not say in which project and when this would happen [117].


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In October 2017, it was announced that Adam Sctikiel had written the film and that Johnson and Hiram Garcia would co-produce at Seven Bucks Productions.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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“Untitled Deadshot film” (English: “Untitled Deadshot film”) - In December 2016, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Warner Bros.


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is developing a solo film about Deadshot as a Suicide Squad spin-off.


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It was also announced that Will Smith will play Floyd Lawton again [119].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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“Untitled Deathstroke film” (English: “Untitled Deathstroke film”) - In October 2017, TheWrap reported that a solo film about Detstroke was in development.


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Gareth Evans is negotiating to write and direct the film, and Joe Manganiello will play Slade Wilson/Detstroke [120].


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Initially, when Ben Affleck was appointed screenwriter/director/producer of Batman, he published official test shots with Manganiello in a suit [121].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Since Affleck decided to leave the post of director, citing a desire to focus on the role, and Matt Reeves was hired as his replacement, the script has been rewritten according to the style of Reeves and his vision of the film [122].


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The presence of a famous mercenary in the film, who was supposed to be the main villain in it, was questioned after Manganiello announced that he knew about the studio's plans, but could not have them comment [123].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Although the role of the character in Batman is unknown, the studio decided to develop the film after Evans impressed the executives with his work on the film.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Initially applying for the post of director of Justice League Dark, Gareth presented his ideas for the plot of the film and convinced Warner Bros.


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is that the film must be made [124].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

“Untitled Harley Quinn and the Joker film” (English: “Untitled Harley Quinn and the Joker film”) - In July 2017, Screen Rant reported that the film starring the Joker and Harley Quinn was on early stage of development.


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At the same time, it was reported that the film, which is a spin-off of Suicide Squad, previously received the working title “Harley Quinn vs. The Joker” [125] [126].


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In August 2017, the studio confirmed the information that the film is under active development, and Leto and Robbie will return to their roles.


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The film itself was described as a “crime love story”, but still had no title.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Later it became known that Glenn Ficarra and John Recua were in final negotiations to write a script for the film and direct it [127].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In addition, Forbes received confirmation that the untitled film about Harley Quinn and the Joker is a separate project and is not related to Gotham Sirens [128].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In September, Robbie confirmed that Ficarra and Recua will act as screenwriters/directors/producers of the film, as well as their role as executive producer [129].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

“The Untitled Lobo Film” (English: “Untitled Lobo film”) was released in September 2009 by Warner Bros.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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announced that a feature film dedicated to Lobo's character is in development.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

In the same year, Deadline announced that the film would be shot by Guy Ritchie, and production would begin in early 2010.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

The adaptation was supposed to migrate the “irreverent, rude tone” from the director's previous works, although the studio aimed at the PG-13 rating from the MPAA.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Covering the development of the film, Variety also published a description of the background of the film: “Lobo is a two-meter, blue-skinned, pumped and invulnerable anti-hero who, controlling a sophisticated motorcycle, arrives on Earth in search of four fugitives seeking to wreak havoc. To stop the creatures, Lobo teams up with a teenage girl from a small town” [130].


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However, in 2010, Richie left the project to continue his box office hit, Sherlock Holmes, and production of the film was suspended [131] [132] [133].


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In April 2012, he signed a contract with screenwriter and director Brad Peyton, and Dwayne Johnson entered into negotiations to play the main character in July of the same year.


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DC Extended Universe

The following year, Johnson landed the role of Black Adam in the DC Extended Universe, thereby ceasing to be a candidate for the role of Lobo [135] [136].


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DC Extended Universe

In March 2016, it was reported that Jason Fuchs was working on rewriting the script [137].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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In June of the same year, Jason confirmed that the character's image would be the same as in the story arches of the original comics.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Actors and characters


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Soundtracks


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Singles


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Books


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Comics


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Games


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Box office fees


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Box Office Mojo Rating


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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The reaction of critics


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Honors


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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At the 89th Academy Awards, Suicide Squad won the Best Makeup and Hairstyles nomination [199];


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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At the 18th Golden Trailer Awards, the Wonder Woman trailer won Best Show and Best Fantasy Adventure nominations.


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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One of the film's posters also won in the nomination “Best Poster of the Summer Blockbuster 2017” [200].


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

See also


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

List of DC Comics films


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

The CW Channel DC TV Universe


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

DC Universe Animated Original Movies


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Notes


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Category:Film series


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe

Category:DC Comics


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

DC Extended Universe


Question: How many films have been directed by Zack Snyder so far?

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Category:Movies in English


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

MythBusters (English: MythBusters) is a science and entertainment television program created by Australian company Beyond Television Productions for Discovery.


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

There is no consistent system for distributing Mythbusters episodes into seasons.


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

The show does not have a specific calendar for broadcast periods.


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

On the official website of Mythbusters, episodes are divided by calendar years.


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Discovery, on the other hand, produces DVDs that sometimes follow a calendar year and sometimes don't.


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

In addition, Discovery sells “collections” that distribute episodes differently — each collection includes 10 to 12 episodes from different seasons.


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

In this list, episodes are divided by calendar year, just like in the official guide.


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

A total of 296 episodes have been aired so far, including special episodes.


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Seasons overview


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Episodes list


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Pilot episodes


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

2003 Season


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

2004 season


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Season 2005


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

2006 season


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

2007 season


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

2008 season


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

2009 season


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Season 2010


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

2011 season


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Season 2012


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Season 2013


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

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Season 2014


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Season 2015


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Season 2016


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Season 2017


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Season 2018


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Special episodes


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

The special episodes listed here aired separately from the regular seasons.


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

Notes


Question: Can a mobile phone cause a lightning strike?

List of Mythbusters episodes

References