Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

“Kino Line”


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

“Multiplex”


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Oscar


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Planeta Kino


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Cinema citi


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kronverk cinema


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

“Odessa-Kino”


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Zoryany


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

“Florence”


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

“Dnepr”


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyoto


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

“IMAX”


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Architectural monuments


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Saint Sophia Cathedral (1037)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

St. Michael's Cathedral of the Vydubitsky Monastery (12th—12th centuries)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

St. Cyril's Church (XII c.)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Trinity Gate Church of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra (XII c.)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Church of the Savior on Berestovo (XII c.)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Gulevichivna's Cookery (Building of the Kiev-Brotherly Collegium) (1650s)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv Opera House (1867) — architect I. IN. Strom [90]


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The Old Stock Exchange (1873)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Central Museum of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (1931) — architect I. YU.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Karakis


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Vladimirsky Cathedral — architect I. IN. Strom


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National Historical Museum of Ukraine (1939) — architect I. YU.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Karakis


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National Bank of Ukraine (1902—1905) — architects Alexander Kobelev and Alexander Verbitsky


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

“House with Chimeras” — architect V. IN. Gorodetsky


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Presidential Administration of Ukraine


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Residential building on the street. Khreshchatyk, 25 (1954) — architect Anatoly Dobrovolsky


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Preschool No. 1, the so-called “Palace of Children's Happiness” (1939) — I. YU.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Karakis


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kiev also has the tallest lattice structure and the deepest metro station in the world.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Architectural monuments


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Assumption Cathedral of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Hagia Sophia


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Vladimirsky Cathedral


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

St. Andrew's Church


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Mariinsky Palace


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Building of the National Bank of Ukraine


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

House with chimeras


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Museums in Kiev


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Parks in Kiev


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Category:Gardens and parks in Kiev


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Category:Protected natural areas of the Kyiv City Council


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Activities


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

From December 12 to December 16, 2005 in St. The International Youth Delphic Games (Third Youth Delphic Games of the CIS member states) were held in Kiev (Ukraine) [91].


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Social sphere


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Education


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Since the 9th century, Kiev has been an important center of intellectual development in Eastern Europe.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Since the end of the 17th century, the Kiev-Mohyla Academy has trained many famous scientists.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

However, the first modern European-style university was founded by decree of Nicholas I in 1834: Kiev Imperial University of St.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Vladimir.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kiev University became the seventh university in the Russian Empire.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Today, Kyiv is one of the largest centers of science and education in Ukraine.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

A large number of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions are located in Kiev, including several universities of international importance, in particular, the three most prestigious universities in Ukraine: Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute and National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy [92].


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

There are about 350 schools in Kyiv, more than 100 gymnasiums and lyceums, about 70 universities [93], including:


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv National Economic University


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National Transport University


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National Aviation University


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (KISS)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National Pedagogical University named after M. P. Dragomanova


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

State University of Telecommunications


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National Music Academy of Ukraine named after P. AND. Tchaikovsky


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Advertising Institute


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv National Linguistic University (INYAZ)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv National University of Internal Affairs


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National Medical University named after A. A. Bogomolets


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Solomon International University


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine (INFIZ)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv National University of Theater, Film and Television named after I. K. Karpenko-Kary


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv National University of Technology and Design


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

National University of Food Technology


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv University of Market Relations


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Cemeteries


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

For a long time, noble residents of Kiev have been buried in monasteries, cathedrals, churches and on their graveyards: the Church of the Tithes, St. Sophia Cathedral, the Mikhailovsky Golden-Domed Monastery, the Vydubitsky Monastery, the Church of the Savior on Berestov, St. Cyril's Church, Brotherly Monastery, Frolovsky Monastery, etc.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The burial sites were the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, its Near and Far Caves, and the Assumption Cathedral.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The first mention of a cemetery for mass graves in Kiev dates back to the end of the XVII century.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The plague epidemic of the 1770s caused the creation of the first city cemeteries: Podolsky (on Mount Shchekavitsa, liquidated in the 1930s) and Kudryavsky (in the estate of the Ascension Church, liquidated in 1930s).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

In 1786, the cemetery at Askold's Grave was transformed into a city cemetery (since the second half of the 19th century it became a burial place for a privileged part of the population of Kiev, liquidated in 1935).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

In addition, the remains of the cemetery on Zamkova Hill and the Old Believers cemetery on Lukyanovskaya Street have been preserved.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The burial also existed on the graveyards of the parish churches of the city, most of which have not survived to this day.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Currently, there are about twenty cemeteries in the city, including Baikovo Cemetery, Zverinetsky Cemetery, Kurenevskoye Cemetery, Lukyanovskoye Cemetery, Solomenskoye Cemetery, Shulyavskoye cemetery, Berkovetsky cemetery, Forest cemetery, Northern cemetery, Southern cemetery.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Sports


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Football clubs


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Arsenal-Kiev


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Dynamo


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

locomotive


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Zirka


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Obolon-Brovar


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Basketball clubs


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Budivelnik


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Sports facilities


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Olympic


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Print publications


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Popular print media in Kiev, newspapers: “Facts and Comments”, “Segodnya”, “Komsomolskaya Pravda” in Ukraine, “Telenedelya”.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Leading publications in the field of education: “Suchasna osvita”, “Work and Study”.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

More than 40 different newspapers and magazines are published in Kyiv.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The largest circulation has the advertising and information newspapers Rio (circulation 1,100,000 copies), Kyiv on the Doloni (1,050,000 copies), Misto+ (908,178 copies).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Children's publications: the newspaper Kazkovy Vechir (in Ukrainian), the magazines “Barvinok” (in Ukrainian), “Malyatko” (in Ukrainian), “Professor Craid”, “Poznayka”.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Sister cities


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Ankara, Turkey [94] [95] [96] [97] (1992)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Astana, Kazakhstan [94] [97] (1998)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Athens, Greece [94] [97] (1996)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Ashgabat, Turkmenistan [97] [98]


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Baku, Azerbaijan [94] [97] [99] [100] (1997)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Belgrade, Serbia [97] [101] [102] [103]


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Bishkek, Kirghizia [94] [97] (1997)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Brasilia, Brazil [97] [104] (2000)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Bratislava, Slovakia [94] [97] [105] (1969)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Brussels, Belgium [94] [97] (1997)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Budapest, Hungary [94] [106] (1993)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Buenos Aires, Argentina [97] [107] (1993)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Warsaw, Poland [94] [97] [108] [109] (1994)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Vienna, Austria [94] [97] [110] (1992)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Vilnius, Lithuania [94] [97] (1991)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Havana, Cuba [94] [111] (1994)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Yerevan, Armenia [94] [97] [112] [113] (1995)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Geneva, Switzerland [97] (2003)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Jerusalem, Israel [97] [114] (2000)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyoto, Japan [94] [97] [115] ([[1971)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kishinev, Moldavia [94] [97] (1993)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Krakow, Poland [94] [97] (1955, renewed 1993 [116])


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Leipzig, Germany [94] [97] [116] [117] (1961, resumed 1992 [117])


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Lisboa, Portugal [97] (2000)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Mexico City, Mexico [94] [97] (1997)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Minsk, Belarus [94] [97] [118] (1997)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Munich, Germany [94] [97] [119] (1989)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Odense, Denmark [94] [97] (1989)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Osh Oblast, Kirghizia [97] (2002)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Paris, France [94] [97] [120] (1992, partner city)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Beijing, China [94] [97] [121] (1993)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Pretoria, South Africa [94] [97] [122] (1993)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Riga, Latvia [94] [97] [123] [124] (1998)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Rome, Italy [94] [97] (1999]], Partner City)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [125]


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Santiago de Chile [94] [97] (1998)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Sofia, Bulgaria [94] [97] [126] [127] (1999)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Stockholm, Sweden [94] [97] [128] (1997)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Tallinn, Estonia [94] (1994)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Tampere, Finland (1961) [94] [97] [116] [129]


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Tashkent, Uzbekistan [94] [97] (1998)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Tbilisi, Georgia [94] [97] [130] (1999)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Toronto, Canada [94] [97] [131] [132] (1991)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Tripoli, Libya [97] (2001)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Toulouse, France [94] [97] [133] (1970)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Wuhan, China [94] [97] (1990)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Florence, Italy [94] [97] (1969)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Helsinki, Finland [94] [129] (1993)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Chicago, USA (1991) [94] [97] [134] [135]


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Edinburgh, UK (1989) [94] [97] [136]


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Relations with the Russian cities of Makhachkala [97] (2004), Moscow [94] [97] (1992), St. Petersburg [97] [137] (2001), Ulan-Ude, Volgograd, as well as with the Komi Republic by the decision of the Kyiv City Council dated February 11, 2016 were torn [138].


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Honorary citizens of Kyiv


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Notes


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Literature


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Zaruba V. M. Administrative-territorial structure and administration of the Zaporizhzhya Army in 1648-1782 rr.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Dnepropetrovsk: Lira LTD, 2007.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Ageyeva O. G. The title of Emperor Peter I and the concept of “empire” in Russia in the first quarter of the 18th century Inter-Slavic relations and connections.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— MOSCOW, 1999.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Page 5 — Russian Empire.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Skoropadsky P. P. Recollections (late 1917 — December 1918).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Kyiv; Philadelphia, 1995.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Khoroshkevich A. L. Symbols of Russian statehood.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Moscow: MSU Publishing House, 1993.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— (Russian Empire).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The Patriotic War of 1812.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Encyclopedia.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Ed.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

IN. M. Bezosny.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— MOSCOW: ROSSPEN PUBL., 2004.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— 878 p.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Tolstoy L. N. War and peace.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

//Tolstoy L. N. Collected works: in 22 volumes.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— M.: Fiction, 1979.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Tynchenko YA.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Serdyuki of Hetman Skoropadsky.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Ukraine, 1918.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

//Zeichhaus.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— 2002.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— No. 18.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Tynchenko YA.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Officer Corps of the Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Kyiv, 2007.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Tynchenko YA.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Ukrainian Armed Forces.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— K.: Tempora, 2009.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Zalessky K. A. Who was who in World War I.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Biographical encyclopedic dictionary.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— M., 2003


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Timoshchuk A. IN. Security apparatus of the Ukrainian State (April-December 1918).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— M.: Izd-vo un-ta ext.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

cases, 2000.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Lazarevsky G. Hetmashchyna//For statehood.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Collection 2.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Kalish, 1930.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Gul R. Kiev epic.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

//ARR, vol. 2.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— M., Terra-Politizdat, 1991.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— P. 67.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Mamchak M. Ukrainian life in Sevastopol in Ukrainian.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

//Mamchak M.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Red Banner Kiev.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Essays on the history of the Red Banner Kiev Military District (1919-1979).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The second edition, revised and supplemented.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— K.: Politizdat of Ukraine, 1979.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Dubinsky I. IN. Trumpeters sound the alarm.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Moscow: Voenizdat, 1962.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— (Military memoirs).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Dubinsky I. IN. A special account.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Moscow: Voenizdat, 1989.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The Civil War and Military Intervention in the USSR.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Encyclopedia.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Yemelyanovich-Pavlenko M. Memories of the Commander (1917—1920).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— K.: Tempora, 2007.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— 608 p.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1976.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Soviet encyclopedic dictionary.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— M.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Military Encyclopedic Dictionary (WES).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

—: Voenizdat, 1984.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— 863 p. — (with ill.).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

- P. 59 - Babi Yar, P. 161 - the Armed Forces of Ukraine and Crimea, P. 329 - KiUR, 37 Army, P. 838 - South-Western Military District.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The Great Patriotic War, 1941—1945: Dictionary.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

N. G. Andronikov A. S. Galitsan, M. M. Kiryan et al.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

; Under LS.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Ed.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

M. M. Kiryan.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1985.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— M. Voenizdat.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Grigorovich D. F. Kyiv is a hero city.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Moscow: Voenizdat, 1978.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Dragunsky D. A. Years in armor.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— M 1973.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Shkadov I. N. Khasan Lake.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Year 1938.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Moscow: Voenizdat, 1988.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Yezhakov V. Fighting at Lake Khasan//Military History Journal.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— 1968.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— No. 7.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Kyiv region during the Great Patriotic War.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— K.: Politizdat of Ukraine, 1963.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Rodimtsev A. AND. Yours, Fatherland, sons.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— K.: Politizdat of Ukraine.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Perepelovsky K. Kiev Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Military School: to the Centenary of its Foundation: 1865—1965.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Paris: Le Passé Militaire, 1965.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— 16 p.: ill.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— (Military History Library).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Bilenko S. IN. Guarding the rear of the country: Fighter battalions and regiments in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. — M.: Nauka, 1988.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Akhiezer G.//Lehaim.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— 2007.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— No. 180 (April).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief during the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Moscow, Voenizdat Publ., 1975.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— P. 75.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief dated November 17, 1943 No. 42.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Bagramyan I. X. This is how the war began.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— Moscow: Voenizdat, 1971.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Heroic Kyiv.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

The enemy is on the doorstep.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— (militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/bagramyan1/03.html).


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Historical and documentary collection; compiled by K. M. Aleksandrov said.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

— SPb: Scriptorium, 2011.


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

References


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

on the website of the Kyiv City Council (in Ukrainian)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Encyclopedic Handbook “Kiev” K.: Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia, 1981 (in Ukrainian)


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Topographical maps


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Category:Millionaire cities of Ukraine


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Category:Regional centers of Ukraine


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Category:Cities of Ancient Rus


Question: What is the oldest building in Kyiv for 2019?

Kyiv

Category:Cities from the List of Russian Cities Far and Near


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping Uprising (1850-1864) was a peasant war in China against the Manchu Qing Empire and foreign colonizers.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The leader of the uprising was Christian Hong Xiuquan, who created the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, an independent Chinese state that existed in the territories occupied by the rebels.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The very name “Taiping” means “Great Tranquility” and echoes the Early Taipingdao School of Taipingdao () during the Han Empire, as well as a number of mottos of the reign of the 3rd-14th centuries, see zh:.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping state occupied a significant part of southern China, under its jurisdiction were about 30 million people.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping tried to carry out radical social transformations, replacing traditional Chinese religions with a specific “Christianity”, while Hong Xiuquan was considered the younger brother of Jesus Christ.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping were called “long-haired” because they rejected the braids adopted in the Qing State by the Manchus, and they were also called hairy bandits.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping Uprising sparked a series of local uprisings in other parts of the Qing Empire, which fought against the Manchu authorities, often proclaiming their own states.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Foreign countries also got involved in the war.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The situation in the country has become catastrophic.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping occupied large cities (Nanjing and Wuhan), Taiping rebels occupied Shanghai, and undertook campaigns to Beijing and other parts of the country.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The uprising turned into an all-out war with resources and infrastructure treated as military targets — the largest conflict in China since the Manchu conquest of 1644.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

It is also the bloodiest civil war and one of the bloodiest wars in human history and the largest armed conflict of the 19th century.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Estimates of the victims of the uprising range from 20-30 million to 70-100 million people, with many millions of refugees.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping was suppressed by the Qing army, with the support of the British and French.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Mao Zedong viewed the Taiping as revolutionary heroes who rose against the corrupt feudal system.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Materials and evidence of the Taiping Uprising are collected at the Taiping History Museum in Nanjing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

From the Jintian Uprising to Taiping Tianguo


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping Uprising broke out in Guangxi Province in the summer of 1850.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The ideological leader of the rebels was a rural teacher Hong Xiuquan, who organized the religious and political Society for the Worship of the Heavenly Lord (Baishandihui).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

It was based on a mixture of Christianity, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

From all this, he derived the idea of universal brotherhood and equality of people, expressed in the form of the creation of a “heavenly state of great prosperity” - Taiping Tianguo (hence the name of the uprising).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Jintian Uprising and the Establishment of Taiping Tianguo Government


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the summer of 1850, Hong Xiuquan considered the situation in the country favorable for an uprising and ordered 10,000 of his followers to concentrate near Jintian Village, Guiping County () in the south of the province Guangxi (currently subordinate to the city of Guigang).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The troops of Yang Xiuqing, Xiao Chaogui and Wei Changhui arrived here.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

This event is known as the Jintian Uprising.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

It marked the beginning of the Peasant War of 1850—1868.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In August, Shi Dakai made his way to the Jintian district with 4,000 troops.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

By November 1850, Hong Xiuquan and his associates Yang Xiuqing, Shi Dakai, Feng Yunshan, Xiao Chaogui, Wei Changhui and others had gathered a 20,000 army and began hostilities against government troops under the slogan fight for equality.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Hong Xiuquan's followers sold their property and donated the proceeds to “sacred storerooms” in Jintian.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

From here, the rebels and their families received food and clothing according to common standards.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Strict discipline was established and a military organization was created, thereby turning the religious sect into an insurgent army.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Men and women lived in separate camps, and communication between them was not allowed.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The rebels wore red headbands and let go of their long hair as a sign of disobedience to the Manchus.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The rebel forces grew rapidly, and at the end of 1850 they inflicted several defeats on the Qing troops.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

On January 11, 1851, Hong Xiuquan's birthday, an armed protest against the Manchu Dynasty was announced in Jintian to create a Heavenly State of Great Prosperity.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Hong Xiuquan began to be called Tien Wang (“Heavenly Prince”).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In 1851, the Taiping repelled new attacks by government forces and moved north of Guangxi.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

On August 27, 1851, the rebels stormed the large city of Yong'an, where they created their government.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The real power was concentrated in his hands by Yang Xiuqing, who took the title of Dong Wang (“Eastern Prince”); he led the army and administration.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Xiao Chaogui received the title of Xi Wang (“Western Prince”), Feng Yunshan - Nan Wang (“Southern Prince”), Wei Changhui - Bei-wang (“Northern Prince”), Shi Dakai - Yi-wang (“Helper Prince”).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Miner Qin Zhigang, Shenshi Hu Yihuang, river pirate Luo Dagang and other rebel leaders received high military and bureaucratic ranks.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping Army Organization Principles


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping created a strong army with iron discipline.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Its soldiers strictly followed the orders of the commanders and the ten Christian commandments.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping army was distinguished by its humane attitude towards the local population, the absence of robberies, cruelty and arbitrariness towards commoners.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the “Christian” army, religious fanatics and ascetics set the tone.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

They prohibited intercourse between men and women, gambling, wine, opium smoking and prostitution.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping army, with the support of the population, defeated many formations of the Qing troops and partially armed itself with war trophies; later the Taiping organized their own production of weapons and equipment.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

All along the way, the rebels smashed government offices, killed all Manchus and senior Chinese officials, as well as those who actively opposed the rebels.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Hong Xiuquan's followers confiscated their property, imposed indemnities on the “rich”, severely punishing those who did not want to pay it.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping sought the support of ordinary people and punished for trying to rob him.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Often, they provided peasants with food and part of the property confiscated from their enemies and “rich”, promised to free the population from tax burdens for three years, so the peasantry and urban the poor initially supported the Taiping.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The breakthrough to the Yangtze and the creation of the Taiping state


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The 40,000-strong Qing army blocked the Yong'an area.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In April 1852, Taiping broke out of the encirclement and moved north.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Government troops were able to defend only Guilin, the main city of Guangxi province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Developing the offensive, the rebels entered Hunan Province, where they were joined by up to 50 thousand new fighters.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

On December 13, Taiping took Yuezhou without a fight, where they seized arsenals with weapons.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Going out here to the Yangtze, they created their own river fleet.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

On ships in the Yangtze and along its shore, Hong Xiuquan's army headed east to Hubei Province, gaining thousands of new volunteers.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In late 1852 and early 1853, the Taiping entered Hanyang, and after fierce battles captured Hankou (December 27, 1852) and Wuchang (January 13, 1853), thus occupying the entire tri-city of Wuhan.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

This brilliant victory raised the Hubei poor to fight.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The number of the Taiping army was half a million people, and the fleet consisted of 10 thousand jonks.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The success of the rebels, and especially their occupation of Wuhan, caused confusion for the Qing government.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

However, the Taiping leaders did not use the opportune moment to organize an offensive to the north - on Beijing, instead, their army continued its offensive to the east in February.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

By land and through the Yangtze, the winners moved on to Anhui Province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After taking Anqing, the main city of the province, without a fight on February 24, 1853, they won rich war trophies.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

On March 19-20, 1853, Hong Xiuquan's troops triumphantly stormed Nanjing, where they slaughtered about 20,000 Manchus and their families.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

At the time of the capture of Nanjing, the rebel forces amounted to 1 million soldiers.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping soon entered Zhenjiang (March 30, 1853) and Yangzhou (April 1, 1853), thereby cutting the Grand Canal.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Nanjing was renamed Tianjing (“Heavenly Capital”) and turned into the main city of Taiping Tianguo.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The highest rise of the uprising


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping State


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Hong Xiuquan was the nominal head of the Heavenly State and absolute monarch.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Upon arrival in Nanjing, he retired from worldly affairs, dealt only with religious issues, and stayed in his luxurious palace without leaving.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Even before settling in Nanjing, he handed over all military and administrative power to Yang Xiuqing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

It was believed that Yang Xiuqing had the gift of “embodying the spirit of God” and expressing the will of God.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The rest of the princes were subordinated to him, deprived of the right to communicate directly with Hong Xiuquan.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Standing at the helm of the board, Yang Xiuqing proved to be an energetic, intelligent and strong-willed ruler, but with the manners of an arrogant autocrat.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After settling in Nanjing and declaring it its capital, the Taiping leadership published its program, called the “Land System of the Heavenly Dynasty”, which was supposed to become a kind of Taiping Constitution.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In accordance with the principles of utopian “peasant communism”, it proclaimed the complete equation of all members of Chinese society in the field of production and consumption.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping wanted to abolish commodity-money relations, but realizing that trade, at least with foreign powers, could not do without trade, at least with foreign powers, they established a special post of Commissioner for Trade Affairs — Heavenly Comprador.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Labor duty was declared mandatory for all residents.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping was intolerant of traditional Chinese religions, destroying Taoist and Buddhist books.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Representatives of the former ruling strata were physically exterminated, the old army was dissolved, the estate system and the slave way of life were abolished.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The main administrative and military unit was a platoon community consisting of 25 families.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The supreme organization was the army, which included more than 13,000 families, each of which had to allocate one person to the army.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

But, despite the pronounced paramilitary nature of this system, it also had democratic principles.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

All platoon commanders were elected by the people, women were equal in rights with men, and the ancient custom of bandaging the legs of girls was prohibited.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping banned smoking opium, tobacco, drinking alcohol and gambling in the controlled areas.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the cities of Taiping, state-owned enterprises were destroyed as a symbol of the power of the hated Manchu invaders: for example, by taking Nanjing, they destroyed China's largest imperial silk manufactories, Jingdezhen destroyed the imperial kilns for firing “palace” porcelain.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Impact of Taiping Success on China's Domestic Situation


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The military successes of the Taiping and their creation of their own state in the Yangtze Valley dealt a heavy blow to the Manchu regime.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

As the Taiping approached, local officials, taking away the treasury, fled the cities, abandoning them to their fate.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Manchu dynasty lost power over a large area, in the Yangtze Valley, and later in other regions.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Qing government was experiencing great financial difficulties caused by the loss of the richest areas in Central China, a sharp decline in tax revenues and huge military spending on suppression of the Taiping Peasant War and other popular movements.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

All this was significantly complicated by pumping silver from the country, which went abroad to pay for opium.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The government tried to fill the budget deficit by increasing the issue of banknotes intended for circulation on a par with silver and copper coins.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Since 1853, the treasury began to print paper bank notes of guanpiao and baochao, not provided with metal reserves (guanpiao had silver, and baochao - copper denomination).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

To introduce bank notes not provided with silver and copper into circulation, the government has created a network of special state “money shops”.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

However, distrust of business circles and the population to depreciated bank notes and competition between private change shops and pawnshops led to the closure of “money shops”.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Already in 1861, the government was forced to stop issuing paper money, as by that time government payment obligations had lost all purchasing power.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Faced with military collapse and financial bankruptcy, the Qing government went for additional taxation.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In 1853, an emergency military tax was introduced on the transportation of goods within the country (Lijin), but the old tax on the transportation of goods within the country (Changguanshui) was not abolished.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Fearing the aggravation of the peasant war, the Qing Dynasty abolished a number of bans and reduced fiscal requirements for the provinces.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The creation of private Chinese troops


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

When the complete inability of the Manchu “eight-banner” and “green” troops recruited from the Chinese to fight the rebels was revealed, the Chinese came to the aid of the dying Manchu dynasty Shenshi and large landowners of Central China, who have taken the fight against “long-haired robbers” into their own hands.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Since the official rural militia (xiangyong) was helpless in front of the peasant army, opponents of the Taiping relied on private squads (tuanlian).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

On their basis, the Qing dignitary Zeng Guofan created the “Xiangjiang Army” (named after the name of the Xiangjiang River) in his homeland in Hunan Province in 1852.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Hunan fellows — well-armed, specially selected and professionally trained — became dangerous opponents of the Taiping.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Syrian Army gained its own river fleet, and its number reached 50 thousand soldiers.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

This was followed in 1853 by the Hubei Army under the command of Hu Linyi.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In 1854, the Qing government ordered the troops of Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi to head east against the Taiping State.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Fierce battles between the Xiang Army and the Taiping in 1854—1856 went on with varying success.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Zeng Guofan and his army were surrounded and blocked by Taiping in Jiangxi in 1856, and the massacre that had just begun in the rebel camp saved it from defeat.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The zone of domination — Hunan and Hubei provinces — was an ideal springboard for the fight against Taiping Tianguo.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In addition, Hunan and Hubei provinces were the breadbasket of China, a supplier of rice and wheat, which became a kind of “strategic raw material” during the civil war.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Syrian army was rapidly gaining strength.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Central China's bureaucratic, Shenshi and landlord forces were grouped around Zeng Guofan.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

By the end of the 1850s, the emperor, fearing excessive strengthening of this experienced commander and politician with his “Hunan fellows”, began to rely on the armies of the North Coast and South Coast camps under Nanjing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Until 1853, Taiping was not fixed in the territory through which they advanced to Nanjing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

As a result, government forces regained their power by killing residents suspected of sympathizing with the rebels.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Despite the turmoil in Beijing caused by the fall of Nanjing, the government was able to respond to the success of the Taiping.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In March 1853, the 30-thousandth Qing army led by Xiang Rong approached Nanjing from the south-west and created a heavily fortified so-called near it. South Coast Camp.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In April, another “banner” army under the command of Qishan created the so-called in the vicinity of Yangzhou. North Coast Camp.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

By shackling Taiping troops in the Nanjing area, Qing strategists managed to ease their attack on Beijing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping Northern Campaign


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In May 1853, two Taiping armies marched to capture Beijing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

One of them could not make its way north and returned back, as a result, only the corps of Lin Fengxiang, Li Kaifang and Ji Wenyuan led the offensive through Anhui province - a total of about 30 thousand fighters.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In June, Taiping defeated the Qing troops at Guide, but unable to cross the Yellow River, dodged far west along its southern bank.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

They managed to cross only in Henan Province, west of Kaifeng, and part of the troops did not have time to cross the river and retreated south.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After the unsuccessful siege of Huaiqing, the units that continued the Northern Campaign moved in September 1853 to Shanxi Province, and from there to Zhili Province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

They marched swiftly into the Tianjin area, causing panic in Beijing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The rich and noble Manchus began to flee from the capital, and the emperor took his treasures to Manchuria even earlier.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

However, the peasants of North China were not ready to join the Taiping, and they did not understand their southern dialect well.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

They did not join the troops of the Northern Campaign and Nianjun.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Manchus pulled “eight-banner” troops, Mongolian cavalry and private squads to Tianjin.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Qing forces under the command of the “banner” Mongol Prince Sangarinci several times exceeded the number of rebels.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

To prevent them from reaching Tianjin, the Manchus destroyed the dams of the river, flooding the plain.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The harsh winter that came forced the Taiping to gain a foothold in their camps.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Here, the Taiping Southerners suffered from cold, lack of food and constant attacks by superior enemy forces, especially the Manchu and Mongolian cavalry.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In February 1854, they left their positions south of Tianjin and fought south, losing many fighters, including frozen and frostbitten.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Ji Wenyuan died during the retreat.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After another breakthrough from the encirclement, the Taiping managed to strengthen in Lianzheng on the Grand Canal in May.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

A second army of 30,000 fighters under the command of Zeng Lichang and Chen Shibao, sent in January by Yang Xiuqing, rushed to help them from Nanjing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Li Kaifang's cavalry came to meet her from Lianzhen, while the infantry led by Lin Fengxiang remained in the city surrounded by the enemy.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The second Taiping army, which came to his rescue, crossed Yellow River, entered Shandong, and after fierce battles captured Linqing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

However, when they found themselves in the enemy ring without food, the troops of Zeng Lichang and Chen Shibao left the city and moved back south.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Their corps acted inconsistently, and were soon almost completely exterminated by Bao Chao's Shandong Army.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After a ten-month siege, Lin Fengxiang's starved troops in March 1855 almost all died during the assault on Lianzhen, and their commander was captured.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Li Kaifan's detachment, which broke through from the encirclement in Gaotan, fell back into the ring, and surrendered in May.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Both prominent Taiping commanders were executed in Beijing at different times.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

This is how the Northern Campaign ended.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

His failure inspired the Qing camp and sharply worsened the situation of Taiping Tianguo.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The most dangerous threat to Manchu domination has moved away, and the Qing regime survived.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After the defeat of the armies of the Northern Campaign and the transition of Taiping Tianguo to active defense tactics, the Taiping did not have a real opportunity to organize another offensive on Beijing, a turning point in the Peasant War.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

From now on, the Taiping actually fought not for the elimination of the Qing Dynasty, but for the preservation and expansion of the Taiping state.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Western Taiping Campaign


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In May 1853, Taiping sailed on numerous ships up the Yangtze River.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In June, they regained Anqing, which had previously been lost, and by the end of the year, many cities and counties in Anhui Province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In February 1854, a 40,000-strong Taiping group defeated large Qing forces on the outskirts of Hankou and Hanyang, captured these previously abandoned cities, as well as the southern part of Hubei Province and northern regions of Hunan Province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Due to the fact that the Taiping constantly had to transfer their troops to fight the South Coast and North Coast camps in the Nanjing area, Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army succeeded in April 1854 defeat the troops and the Taiping River Flotilla near Xiangtan, and dislodge the rebels from Yuezhou in July.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In October 1854, the Taiping were forced to leave Wuhan without a fight, and in December, they lost 3,000 warships in a river battle with the Hunan Flotilla near Tianjiazhen.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The situation changed dramatically when Shi Dakai's troops arrived here.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the winter of 1855, they recaptured eastern Hubei Province, and in the spring, Hanyang and Wuchang.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Shi Dakai moved his forces to Jiangxi and by the spring of 1856 had occupied more than 55 counties.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Thus, the Western campaign was very successful, and the Taiping armies everywhere went on the offensive.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In April, they completely defeated the North Coast Camp, and in June 1856, the troops of Qin Zhigang and Shi Dakai completely defeated the army of the South Coast Camp, after which its commander Xiang Rong ended by yourself.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The blockade of Nanjing has been lifted.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The territory of Taiping Tianguo has expanded significantly and stabilized for a while.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The chain reaction of the Taiping State uprisings


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The victorious campaign of the Taiping to the Yangtze Valley caused a whole chain reaction of uprisings, including quite large ones.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

As a result, the Qing Empire was forced to wage civil war on many fronts at once, dispersing forces.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

At the end of 1852, the Nianjun Uprising began, which swept a number of northern provinces of China and drew significant Qing forces.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the coastal provinces, secret societies began a large-scale armed struggle against the Manchu regime.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In May 1853, the Xiaodaohui (Small Sword Society), led by the wealthy merchant Huang Damei and Huang Wei, revolted in southern Fujian Province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The rebels captured a number of cities, including Xiamen, and proclaimed the restoration of the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, members of the Hongqianhui Society (Red Coin Society) led by Lin Jun spoke.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After two months of fierce fighting, Qing troops broke into Xiamen in October; Huang Damei was captured and killed, and Huang Wei and the rebel squadron went to the Penghu Archipelago in the Taiwan Strait, where continued to fight for five years.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Lin Jun's troops, which switched to guerrilla warfare in the mountains of southern Fujian, were defeated in 1858.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In September 1853, Xiaodaohui members led by Liu Lichuan revolted in a number of Jiangsu counties.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

With the support of the local population, they occupied Shanghai without a fight (with the exception of the foreign settlement) and created a 20,000 rebel army.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Liu Lichuan declared himself a supporter of Taiping.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The rebels founded Da Ming Taiping Tianguo (“Great Minsk Heavenly State of Great Welfare”) here.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

For almost a year and a half, Liu Lichuan's fighters defended Shanghai from Qing troops supported by a foreign settlement.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In January 1855, a detachment of French troops, supported by artillery, unsuccessfully tried to capture Shanghai.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

By February, the situation in the besieged city had deteriorated sharply, and there was not enough ammunition and food.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After breaking through the blockade, one part of the rebels joined the Taiping, the other retreated to Jiangxi.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Liu Lichuan was killed in the battles near Shanghai.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Qing troops carried out a bloody massacre against civilians in the city.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Since the summer of 1854, the Redhead Uprising began in Guangdong Province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Many district and county cities fell into the hands of the rebels, and the total number of rebels reached several hundred thousand.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Qing River Flotilla went over to the side of the rebels.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The struggle spread to Guangxi Province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the autumn of 1855, the Redheads created the rebellious “State of Great Achievements” (“Da Cheng Guo”) in Guangxi, with its capital in Xunzhou.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

If Guangdong Province was generally cleared of rebels by government forces by the end of 1855, Guangxi had a stable base of anti-Qing struggle until the fall of 1861.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Despite the suppression by Qing troops of three major uprisings — in southern Fujian, Shanghai, and Guangdong — the struggle of secret societies against the “northern barbarians” continued, creating new hotbeds of uprisings.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The national liberation movement of non-Han peoples and religious minorities against the Manchu yoke joined the peasant wars and the rebels of secret societies.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In 1855, the Miao took up arms in Guizhou, and in 1858, the Huizu rebelled there.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In 1856, Muslims in Yunnan rose to fight and created their own state in the western part of the province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

All these peripheral uprisings diverted significant Qing forces from the fronts of the Taiping War, helping them survive and win victories on the battlefield.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the early 1860s, Sichuan Province became the scene of mass armed struggle.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the autumn of 1859, a detachment of rebels from neighboring Yunnan Province invaded its southern regions and was joined by members of local secret societies.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The number of rebels grew rapidly at the expense of peasants, artisans, salt workers and the poor, and soon reached 300,000 people.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Having occupied a number of counties in the south of Sichuan, the rebels moved to the central regions of the province and captured many small and medium-sized cities.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

However, in Sichuan, the version of the initial stage of the Guangdong “red-headed uprising” was repeated: there was no solid territorial base, there was no stable rebel power, and there was no single manuals.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

There were no talented organizers and generals among the Sichuan people, and they were unable to use their numerical superiority.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

All this predetermined the defeat of the rebels in parts.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

By the end of 1862, the last rebel troops were either defeated or went to Shaanxi Province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The international situation


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The international situation in 1856-1860 remained extremely favorable for Taiping Tianguo.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In their foreign policy, the Taiping advocated equality and mutually beneficial trade with Western powers; only the opium trade was banned in Taiping Tianguo.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Western powers initially sought to use the struggle between the Taiping and the Qing government to their advantage.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

England, France and the United States took a wait-and-see attitude and, through their representatives who visited Nanjing in 1853-1854, declared neutrality.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

At that time, they had no doubt about the ultimate victory over the Manchus, and the bourgeoisie of the West pinned hope for the final breakdown of the policy of isolating China and the full opening of its market.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The bet on the victory of the Taiping with the clear weakening of the Manchu regime, in turn, prompted the powers to hurry up with another blow to the Qing Dynasty.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taking advantage of the Arrow incident, Britain and then France declared war on China.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

From 1856 to 1860, the forces of the Manchu government were also diverted to participate in the Second Opium War.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The split in the taiping environment


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Internecine strife in Taiping leadership


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

By the mid-1850s, the Taiping camp was weakened from within by contradictions between the “old brothers”, or “old army” (that is, immigrants from Guangxi and Guangdong provinces), and the “new brothers” — natives of the central provinces.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The “old brothers”, in turn, were torn apart by enmity between Guangxians and Guangdong.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Until 1856, the former, led by Yang Xiuqing, oppressed the latter, and Hong Xiuquan was actually the head of the Guangdong.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Within the Guangxians themselves, two groups were at odds with each other - Yang Xiuqing (“Eastern Prince”) and Wei Changhui (“Northern Prince”).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Inter-ethnic strife was decisive here, but the personal qualities of the leaders were also of great importance.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The autocracy, despotism and arrogance of Yang Syuqing restored against him the rest of the princes and their relatives.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The “Eastern Prince” decided to concentrate in his hands, in addition to real power, also nominal power.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In July 1856, he publicly humiliated the Heavenly Prince, forcing him, like everyone else, to repay toast as sovereign.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Fearing to lose power, Hong Xiuquan summoned Wei Changhui (“Northern Prince”) and his army to Nanjing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

On the night of September 2, 1856, the soldiers of the Northern Prince carried out a military coup.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In this bloody massacre, Yang Xiuqing, his entire court and relatives were killed.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Wei Changhui and Qing Zhigang for a short stay in power killed up to 30 thousand people - supporters of the “Eastern Prince”, as well as the entire family of Shi Dakai, rebuilding most of the Taiping against themselves.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Seeing a new threat to his throne, Hong Xiuquan ordered the execution of Wei Changhui and Qing Zhigang, which was carried out after two days of clashes in Nanjing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

At the end of November, Shi Dakai (“Helper Prince”) arrived in the capital.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Led by Hong Xiuquan as head of state and army, Shi Dakai temporarily stabilized the situation in the capital and on the fronts, stopping the offensive of Zeng Guofan's army in the Yangtze Valley.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

However, Hong Xiuquan, who was afraid of losing power, soon actually removed Shi Dakai from leadership.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Power passed to the Guangdong group led by the Hong family (Hong Xiuquan brothers and his favorites).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

This led to a split with Shi Dakai's group and his army.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In June 1857, out of fear for his life, Shi Dakai fled Nanjing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

With his more than 100,000 troops, he went first to Anhui Province and then to Jiangxi.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Since that time, Shi Dakai's army acted independently and forever broke ties with the state of Hong Xiuquan.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

New Taiping Warlords


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The death of Yang Xiuqing and his supporters, hardened fighters who formed the backbone of the administration and military command, as well as the departure of Shi Dakai's army significantly weakened Taiping Tianguo, which did not slow down take advantage of his opponents.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Already at the end of 1856, the Qing troops went on the offensive almost everywhere.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

On December 19, they finally captured the Wuhan tricity, as well as a number of other cities and districts.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping Tianguo's troops were forced to go on the defensive.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Since that time, the main forces of Taiping Tianguo have been led by wonderful military leaders - Li Xiucheng and Chen Yucheng.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Li Xiucheng went from a simple soldier to a commander who received the title of “Faithful Prince” (Zhong-wang) in the rebel army.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After the murder of Yang Xiuqing and the departure of Shi Dakai from Nanjing, Li Xiucheng became Taiping Tianguo's most outstanding military leader.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Chen Yucheng was awarded the title of “Heroic Prince” (Ying-wang).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Fighting south and north of the Yangtze, the troops of Liu Xiucheng and Chen Yucheng attacked enemy armies seeking to squeeze the encirclement around the Taiping capital.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

However, the separation of the Taiping combat forces sharply weakened the defense capabilities of Taiping Tianguo.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Qing troops, going on the offensive, captured the fortresses of Hukou, Zhenjiang (December 27, 1857) and Guazhou in the autumn and winter of 1857.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In January 1858, they approached Nanjing and restored the South Coast Fortified Camp.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

At the same time, a new North Coast Camp was created, this time in the Pukou area, as a result of which the Heavenly Capital fell into ticks.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In May, the Xiang Army stormed Jiujiang; Zeng Guofan's army successfully advanced in Jiangxi, and its fleet dominated the Yangtze.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping Tianguo's territory has shrunk sharply.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In this critical situation, Li Xiucheng's outstanding organizational and commanding talent was fully manifested.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

After establishing coordination between the Taiping armies, he launched a counteroffensive.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

On September 25-26, 1858, the troops of Li Xiucheng and Chen Yucheng completely defeated the Qing troops in the Pukou area and liquidated the North Coast camp, breaking through the blockade of Nanjing.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

To save the day, the Xiangian Army rushed to the central regions of Anhui Province.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Here, on November 15, the combined forces of Li Xiucheng, Chen Yucheng, and Nianjun in Sanhe District surrounded and destroyed Zeng Guofan's strike units.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Nevertheless, in 1858, government forces finally suppressed the pockets of resistance of the rebels in Fuzqian - Lin Jun's troops in the mountains and Huang Wei's squadron in the Taiwan Strait were destroyed.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

At the front, until the beginning of 1860, an unstable balance of power was established - the troops of the Qing Dynasty were occupied in the Second Opium War.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Fate of Shi Dakai


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Until the end of February 1858, Shi Dakai's army fought in Jiangxi, and then moved to Zhejiang and captured a number of cities there.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In July, after a three-month unsuccessful siege of Quzhou, Shi Dakai led his troops to Fujian.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

He decided to break into the rich, then not yet ruined Sichuan, and create his own state there.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Shi Dakai divided his huge, already 200,000 army into two columns.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

He headed the first one himself, and the second was led by his relative Shi Zhenji.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

From October 1858, both columns fought west across southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong Province, pulling large forces of government troops.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the southern part of Hunan Province, the columns joined together, but in May 1859, stubborn fighting began in the Baoqing area.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Unable to make their way to Sichuan, both columns retreated south to Guangxi.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Here, the Taiping army was again divided: Shi Zhenji's column went south of the province, and Shi Dakai's column went to its western regions, where it established a base in Qingyuan until June 1860.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Two columns of Shi Dakai's army could not establish interaction with each other.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Shi Zhenji's column was defeated in the Baise district in western Guangxi in April 1860 and was defeated in the mountains while trying to join the forces of Shi Dakai.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Lack of food and the onslaught of Qing forces forced Shi Dakai to move south, but then there was a new split.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the summer of 1860, about 50,000 soldiers broke away from his army and began to make their way in several columns to Anhui, into the territory of Taiping Tianguo.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Some of them managed to unite with the main forces of the Taiping in 1861, some units defected to the enemy, but most of the columns were destroyed on the way north.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

All this made it easier for government forces to defeat the red-headed state in southeastern Guangxi; the remnants of the Redhead troops joined Shi Dakai.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Shi Dakai went north through Guangxi.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Growing up with new detachments of local rebels, his army reached the Yangtze through western Hunan in February 1862, with 200,000 fighters in its ranks.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

However, the Qing command in Sichuan deprived the Taiping of any opportunity to cross the river.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Shi Dakai maneuvered south of it for almost a year, but in May 1863, the main Taiping forces crossed the Yangtze on the Sichuan-Yunnan border.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

They moved through the territory of the people and. The Qing authorities managed to bribe the lawsuits of the leaders and send a large army here.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

At the beginning of June 1863, exhausted by the difficulties of the campaign and lack of food, Shi Dahai's troops reached the Dadu River.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Here, at the crossing, they were surrounded by the Qing forces and detachments of the nationality and. Hunger and hopelessness forced the Taiping to lay down their arms, after which they were all killed and Shi Dakai executed.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Strategic turning point


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping Economic Difficulties


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The territory of Taiping Tianguo turned into a gigantic theater of operations, which brought this part of the Qing Empire all the troubles of war.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Cities were ruined, trading establishments, workshops and manufactories died, villages were empty, fields were thrown and overgrown with bushes.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Irrigation systems became unusable, dams and dams were destroyed.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the Taiping movement zone, the decline in production and trade, and in some places hunger, increased.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

All this nullified the concessions that the Taiping gave to the peasantry.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In addition, the Taiping policy in the village became increasingly contradictory and inconsistent.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Huge military spending forced the rebels to take extremely unpopular measures.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping tax system was increasingly losing its attractive differences for peasants from the Qing system and began to look more and more like it.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Tired of the scourge of war, the peasantry increasingly sought peace and order, and increasingly moved away from supporting rebels of all stripes.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

As many regions changed hands several times, and the disasters of war ravaged the village, the peasantry fled the zone of the most stubborn battles.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

All this has had an increasing impact on the course of hostilities by the rebels, worsening their situation.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The negative role of the religious factor


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Hong Xiuquan's “Taipinized Protestantism” fully perceived European monotheism and brought it to religious fanaticism and medieval intolerance towards followers of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In cities and even villages, Taiping destroyed Buddhist, Taoist, and Confucian temples, pagodas and monasteries common to these religions.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Thus, the rebels brutally insulted the religious feelings of the traditionalist mass of the population, alienating almost all shenshi.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Since the Shenshi had a great influence on the peasantry, their hostility towards the Taiping played a fatal role for the movement.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Not so much the Manchus as the Taiping themselves, by implanting Christianity, encroached on the beliefs and customs of the Chinese.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping's “barbaric doctrine” and religious intolerance alienated non-believers, that is, their potential allies, primarily members of secret societies, religious sects and rebels — supporters of the restoration of the Ming Dynasty. These same reasons dramatically increased the mass of their active enemies, thereby strengthening the reaction camp, which saved the Qing Dynasty from falling.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping gave their enemies a powerful ideological weapon, allowing reaction forces to lead a traditionalist movement under the slogan of saving Chinese spiritual values and protecting truly Chinese religions from being scolded by apostates.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The active implantation of Catholicism and Protestantism by European missionaries after the end of the Second Opium War added fuel to the fire.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Chinese population fought against both “Taipinized” and missionary Christianity.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The lifting of the blockade of Nanjing


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

With the deterioration of the general situation of Taiping Tianguo, the issue of eliminating the blockade of Nanjing by the South Coast Camp and its 100,000 army arose.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

To divert its part eastward and separate the Qing forces, Li Xiucheng made a rapid throw to Zhejiang in the spring of 1860 and captured Hangzhou on March 19.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

When the enemy moved part of his troops to Zhejiang, Li Xiucheng coordinated the actions of other commanders - Chen Yucheng and Yang Fuqing (brother of Yang Xiuqing).


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping launched an offensive against the South Coast Camp and surrounded its forces.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In early May, in a fierce five-day battle, Li Xiucheng defeated the Qing army, throwing its remnants to Danyang.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

There they were completely defeated by the troops of Li Xiucheng, his cousin Li Shixian and Yang Fuqing; the enemy lost more than 10,000 people killed here alone.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Taiping then defeated the Qing forces that returned from Hangzhou.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The completion of this brilliant operation not only lifted the blockade of Nanjing, but also opened the way to Jiangsu and Zhejiang.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Taiping East Campaign


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

At the end of May 1860, Taiping, led by Li Xiucheng, began the Eastern Campaign.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

They captured Changzhou, Wuxi and entered Suzhou without a fight on June 2.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The population welcomed them as liberators from looting and violence by government troops.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

From 50 to 60 thousand Qing soldiers went over to the side of the winners.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Cities surrendered without resistance, and by July, Taiping had occupied all of southern Jiangsu.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In August, Taiping, led by Li Xiucheng, approached Shanghai.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Considering Europeans “brothers in Christ”, the Taiping sincerely hoped that “Western brothers in true faith” would help them in the fight against the “Manchu non-christs”.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Western powers join the fight against Taiping


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

By the early 1860s, Western powers were convinced of the inability of the Taiping to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and, consequently, of the latter's ability, in alliance with the Chinese reaction, to sooner or later put an end to rebels.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In addition, the Taiping, which banned the sale of opium, prevented the “opening” of the interior provinces of the Yangtze basin to European trade.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Therefore, the European powers decided to rely on the Qing Dynasty and help the latter destroy the rebellious “Christian” state as soon as possible.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Li Xiucheng's troops were met in Shanghai by artillery fire.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

American adventurer Frederick Ward in June 1860 organized an armed detachment in Shanghai at the expense of Chinese compradors under the patronage of the American consul to combat taiping under titled “The Always Winning Army.”


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

It was modeled on the creation of the Franco-Chinese Corps and the Anglo-Chinese Contingent.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

British, French and American warships also acted against the Taiping, which, under the guise of “neutrality”, transported Qing troops, weapons and ammunition for them along the Yangtze.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In January 1862, Ward's army numbered 8,000 soldiers, and also had steamers and junks with cannons on board.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Strengthening Chinese armies


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

Unable to organize a struggle against the Taiping state, the leadership of the Qing Empire gradually transferred this function to a strong personality - Zeng Guofan and his entourage.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The victories of the Xiang Army over the Taiping significantly strengthened his position.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In 1860, after Zeng Guofan took the post of governor of Liangjiang (this governorship included Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces) and extended his power to Zhejiang Province, he received emergency powers to combat “long - haired barbarians” in these provinces.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

His loyal assistants, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang and other organizers of the provincial anti-insurgency armies, were gaining strength.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

In the early 1860s, a total of eight provincial armies fought against Taiping and Niangjun (including Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army and Li Hongzhang's Huai Army), Chinese government “troops Green Banner”, the Manchu “eight-banner army” and the Mongolian cavalry.


Question: What year did the Taiping Uprising take place?

Taiping rebellion

The Qing armies were armed with modern rifles, howitzers and mortars, and their officers partly adopted the combat experience of Europeans.