Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky himself became the director of the board at his father-in-law's enterprise.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1897, Prokudin-Gorsky began to make reports on the technical results of his photographic research to the Fifth Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society (IRTO) (he continued these reports until 1918).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1898, Prokudin-Gorsky became a member of the Fifth Photographic Department of the IRTO and made a report “On photographing shooting stars (starry rains)”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Already at that time, he was a Russian authority in the field of photography, and he was entrusted with organizing practical photography courses at the IRTO.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1898, Prokudin-Gorsky published the first books in a series of works on the technical aspects of photography: “On Printing from Negatives” and “On Photographing with Hand Cameras”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1900, the Russian Technical Society showed black and white photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky at the Paris World Exhibition [4].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

On August 2, 1901, the “photozincographic and phototechnical workshop” by S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky, where in 1906—1909 the laboratory and editorial office of the magazine “Amateur Photographer” were located, in which Prokudin-Gorsky published a series of technical articles on the principles of color reproduction [4] [5].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1902, Prokudin-Gorsky studied for a month and a half at the photomechanical school in Charlottenburg (near Berlin) under the guidance of Dr. Adolf Meete.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The latter, in 1902, created his own model of a camera for color photography and a projector for showing color images on the screen.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

On December 13, 1902, Prokudin-Gorsky first announced the creation of color transparencies using the method of three-color photography by A. Mitya [6], and in 1905 patented his sensitizer, which was significantly superior in quality to similar developments of foreign chemists, including Mitya's sensitizer.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The composition of the new sensitizer made the silver bromide plate equally sensitive to the entire color spectrum.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1903, Prokudin-Gorsky published a brochure “Isochromatic Photography with Handheld Cameras” [4] [7].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The exact date of the start of color filming by Prokudin-Gorsky in the Russian Empire has not yet been established.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The most likely fact is that the first series of color photographs was taken during a trip to the Principality of Finland in September-October 1903.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1904, Prokudin-Gorsky took color photographs of Dagestan (April), the Black Sea coast (June) and the Luga Uyezd of St. Petersburg Province (December) [7].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In April-September 1905, Prokudin-Gorsky made his first major photo tour of the Russian Empire, during which he took about 400 color photographs of the Caucasus, Crimea and Ukraine (including 38 views of Kiev).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

He planned to publish all these photos in the form of photo postcards under an agreement with the Community of St. Eugenia.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

However, due to political upheavals in the country and the financial crisis caused by them, the contract was terminated in 1905, and only about 90 open letters were published.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

From April to September 1906, Prokudin-Gorsky spent a lot of time in Europe, participating in scientific congresses and photo exhibitions in Rome, Milan, Paris and Berlin.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

He received a gold medal at the International Exhibition in Antwerp and a medal for “Best Work” in the field of color photography from the photo club in Nice [4].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In December 1906, Prokudin-Gorsky went to Turkestan for the first time: to take pictures in the Alaya Mountains near the Chernyayevo station (now Khavast) over the Sulyukta mines.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Although the eclipse could not be captured due to cloud cover, Prokudin-Gorsky took many color photographs of Samarkand and Bukhara in January 1907.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

On September 21, 1907, Prokudin-Gorsky reported on his studies of the Lumiere brothers' Autochrome records for color photography, after the report and discussion, color transparencies Yermilova N. E.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

, Schultz, Natomb et al.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In May 1908, Prokudin-Gorsky traveled to Yasnaya Polyana, where he took a series of photographs (more than 15), including several color photographic portraits of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In his notes, Prokudin-Gorsky noted that the writer “was particularly interested in all the latest discoveries in various fields, as well as the issue of conveying the image in true colors.”


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In addition, two photo portraits of Fedor Chaliapin made by Prokudin in stage costumes are known.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

According to some reports, Prokudin-Gorsky also photographed members of the royal family, but these photographs have not yet been found; they may have been irretrievably lost.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

On May 30, 1908, color projections of photographs taken by Prokudin-Gorsky were shown in the halls of the Academy of Arts.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

His photographs of ancient vases — exhibits from the Hermitage — were later used to restore their lost color.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky gave lectures on his achievements in the field of color photography using transparencies at the Imperial Russian Technical Society, the St. Petersburg Photographic Society and others city institutions.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

At this time, Sergei Mikhailovich conceived a project: to capture in color photographs modern Russia, its culture, history and modernization.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In May 1909, Prokudin-Gorsky received an audience with Emperor Nicholas II, who instructed him to film all aspects of life in all the regions that made up the Russian Empire at that time.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

For this purpose, the photographer was given a specially equipped railway car.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

To work on waterways, the government has allocated a small steamer capable of sailing in shallow water, with a crew, and a motor boat for the Chusovaya River.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

A Ford car was sent to Yekaterinburg to shoot the Urals and the Ural Range.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky was given documents by the tsarist chancellery that gave access to all parts of the empire [1], and officials were ordered to help Prokudin-Gorsky on his travels.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Sergei Mikhailovich spent all the filming at his own expense, which was gradually depleted.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

... my work was very well furnished, on the other hand, it was very difficult, required a lot of patience, knowledge, experience and often a lot of effort.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

... It was necessary to take pictures in a variety of and often very difficult conditions, and then in the evening it was necessary to show the pictures in the laboratory of the car, and sometimes the work was delayed until late at night, especially if the weather was unfavorable and it was necessary to find out if it would be necessary to repeat the shooting in a different light before leaving for the next scheduled destination.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Then copies of the negatives were made on the way and added to albums [9].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1909—1916, Prokudin-Gorsky traveled to a large part of the Russian Empire, photographing ancient churches, monasteries, factories, views of cities and various everyday scenes.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In March 1910, Prokudin-Gorsky's photographs of the Mariinsky Canal waterway and the industrial Urals were presented to the Tsar for the first time.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1910-1912, as part of a planned photographic expedition along the Kamsko-Tobolsk waterway, Prokudin made a long journey through the Urals.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In January 1911, he gave a lecture at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg “Sights along the Mariinsky Waterway and the Upper Volga, and a few words on the importance of color photography”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1911, Prokudin-Gorsky made two photo expeditions to Turkestan and filmed monuments in Yaroslavl and Vladimir provinces.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1911—1912, to celebrate the centenary of victory in the Patriotic War of 1812, Prokudin-Gorsky photographed places related to the Napoleonic campaign in Russia.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1912, Prokudin-Gorsky photographed the Kamsko-Tobolsk waterway and the Oka River.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In the same year, official support for Prokudin-Gorsky's project on photo review of Russia ended.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1913-1914, Prokudin-Gorsky participated in the creation of the Biochrome joint-stock company, which, among other things, offered services in color photography and printing black, white and color photographs [ 10].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In the following years, in Samarkand, Prokudin-Gorsky tested a movie camera he had invented for color filming.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

However, the quality of the film was unsatisfactory.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

It is believed that with the outbreak of the First World War, Prokudin-Gorsky created a photo chronicle of the hostilities (currently no documentary evidence has been found for this), but was subsequently forced to abandon further photographic experiments and began censoring cinematographic films arriving from abroad, analyzing photographic preparations and training aircraft crews in aerial photography.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In the summer of 1916, Prokudin-Gorsky made his last photo expedition — he photographed the newly built southern section of the Murmansk Railway and the Solovetsky Islands.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Official support for Prokudin-Gorsky's photo review project of Russia has temporarily resumed.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Shortly after the October Revolution of 1917, Prokudin-Gorsky participated in the creation of the Higher Institute of Photography and Photographic Equipment (VIFF), which was officially established by decree of September 9, 1918, after Prokudin-Gorsky's departure abroad.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

His last collection of photographs was shown in Russia on March 19, 1918 in the Winter Palace [1].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1920—1922, Prokudin-Gorsky wrote a series of articles for the British Journal of Photography [11] and received a patent for a “camera for color cinematography” [4].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

After moving to Nice in 1922, Prokudin-Gorsky worked with the Lumiere brothers.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Until the mid-1930s, the photographer was engaged in educational activities in France and was even going to take a new series of photographs of art monuments in France and its colonies.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

This idea was partially implemented by his son Mikhail Prokudin-Gorsky.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky died in Paris a few weeks after the liberation of the city from German troops by the Allies.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

He was buried in Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois Russian cemetery [1].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Tech


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The color separation technology used by Prokudin-Gorsky to obtain color photographs was invented by James Maxwell back in 1855, and was first implemented by Thomas Sutton on May 17, 1861 [ 12].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The shooting was carried out in turn through color filters of blue, green and red colors, after which three black and white negatives were obtained that were suitable for additive projection on the screen.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The main difficulty was the impossibility of obtaining the green and red components of the image due to the narrow range of natural spectral sensitivity of photographic materials, qualitatively recording only blue-violet radiation.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The possibility of optical sensitization to the long-wave part of the visible spectrum was discovered in 1873 by Hermann Vogel, who received the first orthochromatic emulsion [13].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

However, the red sensitizer pinacyanol was obtained by Benno Gomolka only in 1905, and the production of the first panchromatic photographic plates began by Ratten and Wainwright a year later [14].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Up to this point, color photographers sensitized photographic plates to red on their own, and not everyone has been able to get a full display of red at sufficiently short shutter speeds.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky's contribution to the technology was to develop his own methods for sensitizing photographic emulsions, which were more successful than foreign ones [15].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The composition of the new sensitizer, patented by the photographer, increased the uniformity of the photosensitivity of the silver bromide plate to the entire visible spectrum, eliminating the elongation of exposure behind the red a light filter.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Peterburgskaya Gazeta reported in December 1906 that by improving the sensitivity of his plates, the researcher intends to demonstrate “snapshots in natural colors, which is a great success, as it has not been received by anyone so far.”


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

While studying in Germany at the Photochemical School in Charlottenburg, Prokudin-Gorsky witnessed the first demonstration of color photographs staged by teacher Adolf Meete on April 9, 1902 [7].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The German inventor showed the first images obtained by a newly developed camera, made in the workshops of Wilhelm Bermpol.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Subsequently, the same camera of the Mite-Bermpol system was used by the Russian photographer for most of the filming [16] [17].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Three primary color filters were placed in a special cassette in front of an 8×24 centimeter photographic plate [18].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The cassette moved freely along vertical guides, fixed with a lock in three positions corresponding to different exposures during color separation.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

After the first exposure, the lock was released by a pneumatic drive with a pear, and the cassette, under its own weight, was automatically shifted down by a third of the height.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

As a result, the unexposed part of the photographic plate, located behind the next filter, moved into the frame window.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

After the second exposure, the cassette moved even lower in the same way.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The cassette lock and photo shutter drive was common, reducing the risk of the camera shifting between exposures [19].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Conventional cameras were also suitable for shooting using this technology, but manual reloading of cassettes increased the risk of shifting between exposures, and separate negatives made it difficult to combine partial images.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

A triple slide was printed from the resulting triple color separation negative by contact, and the projection Chromoscope, invented by Louis du Oron in 1868, was used for viewing [20].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The device was a slide projector with three lenses located in front of three frames on a photographic plate.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Each frame was projected through a filter of the same color as the one used during the shooting.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

When three partial color separations were added, a full-color image was obtained on the screen.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky contributed to two areas of improving color photography that existed at that time: reducing shutter speed (according to his method, Prokudin-Gorsky managed to make exposition possible per second) and the development of technology for replicating the image on postcards [15].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

He presented his ideas at international congresses on applied chemistry.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Despite the technological complexity, Prokudin-Gorsky preferred separate shooting to Autochrome, which was already popular in 1907, because of the best color reproduction and high quality of the raster image.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The black and white color separation negative, unlike the autochromic transparencies obtained in a single copy, made it possible to replicate color photographs, including by phototype printing [15].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Over time, another advantage of the separate method appeared — the higher durability of the gelatin silver image consisting of silver rather than dyes [21].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Until now, color separation into separate black and white negatives is considered the most reliable way to store color images and is used in color cinema for archival purposes [22].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Together with Sergei Maksimovich, Prokudin-Gorsky worked on color film technology close to the Kinemacolor process [23].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

According to his own method, he made an experimental survey in Turkestan in 1911.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

For the development of color cinema and color printing, with his participation in 1914, several major industrialists established the Biochrome joint-stock company, to which property rights to the Prokudin-Gorsky collection.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

On the eve of the First World War, Prokudin continued his research and achieved new successes.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

He patented in Germany, England, France and Italy a method for producing cheap color film transparencies for cinematography.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 1922, an English patent was obtained for a mirror-prism optical system for color separation during simultaneous photography [7].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

With the help of pigment photo printing, a color image from color separation photographic plates could be obtained on paper.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Printing replication was available by three-color phototype patented in 1888 [24].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Until 1917, more than a hundred color photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky were printed in Russia, 94 of them in the form of photo postcards, and a significant number in books and brochures.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Thus, in the book by P. G. Vasenko “The Romanov Boyars and the Accession of Mikhail Fedorovich to the Kingdom” (St. Petersburg, 1913) printed 22 high-quality color reproductions of photographs by Prokudin-Gorsky, including photographs taken in Moscow.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

By 1913, the latest offset printing technology made it possible to print color photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky in almost modern quality (see Fig. “Russian Folk Art at the Second All-Russian Handicraft Exhibition in Petrograd in 1913” —, 1914).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Some color photographs by Prokudin-Gorsky were published in large format in the form of “wall paintings” (for example, a portrait of L. Tolstoy).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The exact number of color photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky printed in Russia before 1917 is still unknown.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The chronology of Prokudin-Gorsky's life


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1878 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

At the initiative of D. AND. Mendeleev, the V Photographic Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society was organized.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1889-1891 years.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky is practicing in photochemical laboratories, getting acquainted with the work of Adolphe Mité and Edm Jules Momin.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1897 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky begins to report on the technical results of his photographic research to the Fifth Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society (IRTO).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

(He will continue these reports until 1918).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1898 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky publishes the first books in a series of works on the technical aspects of photography: “On Printing from Negatives” and “On Photographing with Handheld Cameras”


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1898 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky presents his work “On Photographing Shooting Stars (Star Rains)” at the Imperial Russian Technical Society, where he is accepted as a member of the photographic department.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1900 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The Imperial Russian Technical Society shows black and white photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky at the Paris World's Fair.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1901 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In St. Petersburg, B.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Podyacheskaya, 22 opens a “photozincographic and phototechnical workshop” by S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky, the Prokudin-Gorsky family will live in this house for 10 years.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1903 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky publishes a brochure entitled “Isochromatic Photography with Handheld Cameras”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1904 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky takes color photographs in the Principality of Finland and Luga Uyezd of Saint Petersburg Province.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1905 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky undertakes his first major photo tour of Russia, during which he takes pictures of views of the Caucasus, Crimea and Little Russia.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1906 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky became the editor of the St. Petersburg magazine Photograph-Lyubitel and remained in this position until 1909.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

He is writing a series of technical articles on the principles of color reproduction.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1906 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky receives a gold medal at the International Exhibition in Antwerp and a medal for “Best Work” in the field of color photography from the photo club in Nice


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1907 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky takes many color photographs of Samarkand and Bukhara.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1908 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky conceives and develops a plan for a journey through the Russian Empire using a camera that exhibits one oblong record three times in quick succession through three filters of different colors.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

With the help of a projector of its own design, which combines three images into one, a color composite image is obtained.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1908 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky gives lectures on his achievements in the field of color photography using transparencies at the Imperial Russian Technical Society, the St. Petersburg Photographic Society, and other institutions in the city.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

May 1908 of the year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky is photographing Leo Tolstoy at Yasnaya Polyana.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1908 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky gives several lectures using projections of color transparencies, including to Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, who contributes to the presentation of Prokudin-Gorsky Emperor Nicholas II.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

May 1909 of the year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Nicholas II invites Prokudin-Gorsky to perform a slide show in front of the Imperial Court in Tsarskoye Selo.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky is receiving official support for his plan to conduct a photo review of the Russian Empire.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Summer-autumn of 1909.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky makes photo tours along the waterway of the Mariinsky Canal, visited the southern counties of the Olonets province and the industrial part of the Urals.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1915 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

He traveled along the Murmansk Railway under construction.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

He took more than 120 photos of the road, sights of the Olonets province and Petrozavodsk.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1918 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

He emigrated to Europe.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1922 year.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky receives an English patent for an optical system to obtain three negatives through filters by one exposure.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The fate of the Prokudin-Gorsky collection


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky was not the only one who took color photographs in Russia until 1917.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

However, he was the only one who used the color separation method (the Adolph Mite method).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Other photographers took color photography using a different technology — the autochrome method (for example, Professor Yermilov N. E., General Vishnyakov, photographer Steinberg, Petrov, Trapani) [25].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

This method was easier to use, but produced a rather grainy image, the colors of which quickly faded.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In addition, only the Prokudin-Gorsky collection has been made (and has been preserved) in such a significant volume.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The surviving part of Prokudin-Gorsky's collection of photographs was purchased from his heirs in 1948 by the Library of Congress and remained unknown to the general public for a long time (until 1980).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Computer processing of photos by Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Many of Prokudin-Gorsky's photographs before the revolution were published on postcards and as illustrations in books.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

However, the technology of typographic reproduction of color images from color separation negatives was quite complex at that time, and the results were not of high quality.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The development of computer image processing technologies at the end of the 20th century made it possible to process these images and show the views of imperial Russia in color.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In July 1991, a computer database of photographs by Prokudin-Gorsky was first compiled, which then continued to be updated and updated.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 2000, JJT, under contract with the Library of Congress, scanned all 1,902 glass negatives from the Prokudin-Gorsky collection.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The scanning was performed in Grayscale mode with a 16-bit color depth and a resolution of more than 1000 dpi.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The scanned image files are approximately 70 MB in size.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

All of these files are hosted on the Library of Congress server and are available free of charge.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The scanned images are inverted (digitally converted to positives).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 2001, the Library of Congress opened the exhibition “The Empire That Was Russia”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

122 photographs were selected for it and color images were restored using a computer.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Employees who prepared color photographs for the exhibition faced technical difficulties.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

When combining three color channels in a raster graphics editor in one place of the frame (for example, in the center), stratification of color contours in other parts of the frame was observed.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The reasons for such discrepancies in color images are not entirely clear: they may be caused by chromatic aberration of the lens and small inhomogeneities in the thickness of the filters used in the shooting.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

To accurately match the contours of images in color channels, it is not enough to move and rotate these images: they need to be slightly deformed.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Manual execution of these deformations is a rather long and time-consuming process.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In addition, the images obtained needed color correction, which was carried out manually by a professional photographer based on his experience and taste.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The restoration of the preserved color images of the Prokudin-Gorsky collection was carried out at the Russian Laboratory of Digital Technologies as part of the restoration of the Scientific Council on Cybernetics of the Russian Academy Sciences and the Restorator-M Restoration Center under the leadership of Viktor Minakhin.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

For this purpose, special software has been developed that allows you to combine the color contours of the image across the entire frame field with an accuracy of one pixel.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The Levenberg-Marquardt numerical algorithm was used to find the optimal transformation.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The results of this work — 1,902 printed color images — were shown at the exhibition “Sights of Russia in Natural Colors: All of Prokudin-Gorsky, 1905—1916”, held on November 19, 2003 February 8, 2004 at the State Museum of Architecture in Moscow.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

They can also be seen on the World 1900—1917 in Color website [26].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

When photographing using the Prokudin-Gorsky method, individual photographs were taken not at the same time, but with a certain period of time.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

As a result, moving objects: flowing water, clouds moving across the sky, smoke, swinging tree branches, movements of faces and figures of people in the frame, etc., were reproduced in distorted photographs, in the form of shifted multi-colored contours.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

These distortions are extremely difficult to correct manually.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 2004, the Library of Congress contracted Blaise Aguera y Arcas, an American programmer, to develop tools to eliminate artifacts caused by the displacement of objects in the process filming [27].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In total, the American part of the Prokudin-Gorsky collection (donated by his relatives to the Library of Congress) includes 1,902 triple negatives and 2,448 black and white prints in control albums ( total — about 2,600 original images).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Work on combining scanned triple negatives and the restoration of color digital images obtained in this way continues to this day.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

For each of the negatives, the following digital files are available: one of three black and white frames of the photographic plate (about 10 MB in size); the entire photographic plate (about 70 MB in size); a color image of the rough alignment, without accurate detail across the entire area (about 40 MB in size).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

For some of the negatives, color images with reduced details have also been prepared (file size is about 25 MB).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

All of these images have reduced resolution files of 50KB to 200KB for easy access for evaluation purposes.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In addition, the site contains scans of the pages of Prokudin-Gorsky's control albums and high-resolution scans from these albums for which there are no glass negatives.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

All of these files are available to everyone on the Library of Congress website.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

There is a search page [28] for searching and/or viewing images sequentially.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

After Prokudin-Gorsky's scanned photographic plates were freely available on the website of the Library of Congress, the People's Project [29] for the restoration of Prokudin-Gorsky's heritage arose in Russia.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

A total of 404 photos [30] were recovered.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In 2007, within the framework of the project “Russian Empire in Color” of the Publishing House of the Belarusian Exarchate, a special algorithm and program were developed for combining three-component photographs by S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

This made it possible to combine all the photos and post them for public viewing on the website “Russian Empire in Color” [31].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Because some of the glass plates were damaged, the photos taken after combining were retouched to restore the original image where possible.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

This retouching did not bring anything new or destroy anything, its purpose was only to restore the original image.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Specialized software allows you to combine the color components of images with an accuracy of one pixel and without loss of quality, which makes prepress preparation possible color images obtained.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The result of mathematical processing of three-component images, retouching and systematization of photographs was the album “Russian Empire in Color” [32].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

This album contains some of the most interesting and picturesque photographs taken by the artist-photographer during his travels to Vladimir and Yaroslavl provinces.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The publishing house of the Belarusian Exarchate plans to release several more albums.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Exploring the life and creative heritage of Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The study of Prokudin-Gorsky's life and work in his homeland began with S. P. Garanina (now Professor of the Department of Book Science at the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts), who back in 1970 published an article “L. N. Tolstoy in a color photo.”


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Since then, S. P. Garanina published numerous works on this topic in periodicals, including a detailed biography of Prokudin-Gorsky, as well as some archival documents.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The result of these studies was the monograph album “The Russian Empire of Prokudin-Gorsky. 1905—1916” (Moscow: Beautiful Country, 2006).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In Moscow, since 1994, the Center for Digital Technologies in the Restoration of the Scientific Council on the Complex Problem “Cybernetics” of the Russian Academy of Sciences has compiled a database of visual and written sources on the “Collection Sights of Russia” and Prokudin-Gorsky.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The scientific description of the “American” part of Prokudin-Gorsky's photographic heritage in his work “Collection of Sights of Russia” in the Library of Congress was given by V. IN. Minakhin (now Deputy Director for Science at the Restorator-M Scientific and Restoration Center), who has been engaged in research on this topic since the early 1990s.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In St. Petersburg, the study of Prokudin-Gorsky's work is carried out by art critic A. IN. Noskov, who focuses on the history of publishing open letters based on the master's photographs.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In a series of publications (in the magazine of postcard collectors “ZHUK”, the Luga district newspaper “Provincial News”), A. IN. Noskov covered the early period of Prokudin-Gorsky's activities (1904—1905) on the basis of archival documents he had recently discovered.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In the United States, Robert H. Allshouse studied Prokudin-Gorsky's activities, who compiled the scientist's first biography for the monograph album Photos for the Tsar: A Pioneer of Color photographs by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky, authorized by Tsar Nicholas II” (NY, Doubleday, 1980).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Despite serious factual errors, this biographical study has for many years become the main source of information about Prokudin-Gorsky for English-speaking readers and often is cited in modern Russian-language publications.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In recent years, research into the life and creative heritage of Prokudin-Gorsky has become the goal of several Internet projects.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In particular, in 2008, to study the life and work of S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky, as well as to search for missing parts of his collection, an open public project “Heritage of S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky” [33].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

As part of this project, more than 300 photographs from the collection were identified and attributed, and color photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky, previously unknown to the general public, printed in Russia before 1917 years (including a number of photographs taken in Moscow), little-known archival documents have been published.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Various issues are discussed at the project forum: techniques for restoring photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky, creating panoramas from his photographs, photo comparisons, dating works, correcting errors in attribution, bibliography, etc.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In the same 2008, a project was opened by St. Petersburg researcher S. Prokhorov “Color photographs by S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky” (1902—1915) [34].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The author of this site aims to present all the surviving photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky in a systematic form with comments.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

For the convenience of visitors, the site has a geographical rubricator that allows you to quickly find photos taken in a particular place or area.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

S. Prokhorov also carried out significant work to identify the works of Prokudin-Gorsky.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

On November 28, 2010 in the local history museum of St. Kirzhach opened the permanent exhibition “Pioneer of color photography S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky and the history of the Prokudin-Gorsky family”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

On September 25, 2016, the Romanov School in Moscow opened the world's first museum of S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Films about S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The Tsar's Last Picture Show for BBC Four (documentary, 2003).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

“An album for the prince. Photographer S. Prokudin-Gorsky”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Cinemedia LLC, Author: E.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Smut.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Producer: B.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Grachevsky (documentary, 2004).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

“The color of time”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Director: Konstantin Kasatov (documentary, 2007).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

“History in Color”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Director Ivan Martynov (documentary, 2009).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

“Russia in Color”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Director: Vladimir Meletin (documentary, 2010) [35].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

“Inventory of the Motherland... in the footsteps of Prokudin-Gorsky.”


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Director: Ben van Lieshout (Holland)


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Filming started in 2011 [36].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

“The color of the nation”.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Author: Leonid Parfyonov (documentary, 2013) [37].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The television premiere of the film took place on Channel One on June 12, 2014 [38].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Photo gallery


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Seyid Alim Khan (1880—1944), Emir of Bukhara.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Young Russian peasant women near the Sheksna River.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Nilo-Stolobenskaya Hermitage on Lake Seliger.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The engine room of the Hindu Kush HPP on the Murghab River.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The iconostasis of the Orthodox Church in Smolensk.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Self-portrait S.M.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Full version


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The view is towards Sukhumi.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Sukhum Botanical Garden.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Gagra.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Wharf.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

New VGagrah hotel.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

On a railcar near Petrozavodsk on the Murmansk railway.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war at the barrack.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Karelia, 1916


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

View from the bell tower of the Trinity Cathedral (the monastery of the same name) to Sobornaya Square in Belgorod during the celebrations of the glorification of St. Joasaph of Belgorod on September 4, 1911 Belgorod, 1911


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Photo collection by S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky is available for free viewing on the Library of Congress website [39].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In addition, it is possible to search the collection in Russian [40].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Photos sorted out according to the administrative division of the Russian Empire are available on the website “Russian Empire in Color” [31].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Geographical catalog of photographs in the modern administrative-territorial division and interactive travel map by S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky are compiled within the framework of the Heritage project [33].


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

See also


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Adolph Mite


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Louis Arthur Ducos du Oron


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Charles Cros


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Tartan ribbon


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Levi Hill


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Notes


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Literature


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Sights of Russia in natural colors.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

All Prokudin-Gorsky.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— 2003.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The Russian Empire of Prokudin-Gorsky.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Beautiful Country, 2008.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

The Russian Empire in color: Vladimir and Yaroslavl provinces.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

1909—1915 (album).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— Minsk: Publishing House of the Belarusian Exarchate, 2007.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorski, Sergei Michailowitsch; Allshouse, Robert H. (ed.).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Photographers for the Tsar: The Pioneering Color Photography of Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii Commissioned by Tsar Nicholas II (in English).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— Doubleday, 1980.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— ISBN 0-385-27158-1.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Coote, Jack H. Illustrated History of Colour Photography (in English).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— Fountain Press, 1993.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Garanina S. Unknown transparencies (S. Prokudin-Gorsky in Yasnaya Polyana)//Soviet photo.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— 1983.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— No. 2.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— P. 40-41.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Garanina S. Prokudin-Gorsky S. An outstanding figure in photography (in memory of S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky)//Photography.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— 1994.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— No. 4.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— P. 29—31.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Garanina S. A review of the sources of S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky (1863—1944) //Problems of cultural heritage in the field of engineering: Collection of articles.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Vol.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— Polytechnic Museum, 2001.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— PP. 141—171.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Krasilnikov Yu.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

//Computerra.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— 2001.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— No. 42.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Oktyabrskaya I. “Photography in natural colors is my specialty...”//Expert № 30—31 (764).


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— 2011.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— August 1—14.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— P. 9—18.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Prokudin-Gorsky S. M. A week in Yasnaya Polyana with L. N. Tolstoy (memoirs)//Illustrated Russia.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— 1936.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— No. 8.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Karelia: encyclopedia: in 3 vols/Ch.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

ed.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

A. F. Titov said.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

T. 2: K — P. — Petrozavodsk: Publishing House “PetroPress”, 2009.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

P. 435-464 p.: ill.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

, maps.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

ISBN 978-5-8430-0125-4 (vol. 2)


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Naryshkina-Prokudina-Gorskaya N. A. “Family saga. Seconds, Minutes, Centuries...” —: Publisher: Nestor-Istoriya, 2010.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— 470 p. — 3000 copies


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— ISBN 978-5-98187-670-7.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Garanina S. P. The Russian Empire in color photographs by S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— M.: “Beautiful Book”, 2006.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

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Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

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Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Nikitin V. A. The work of his life//Stories about photographers and photographs.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— L., 1991.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— P. 47—71.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

References


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In Russian


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— identification of photographs, a collection that contains all known photographs of the author, including various options for their restoration, 2,705 photographs as of June 30, 2015.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

— Identification of photographs, a collection of 1,846 photographs as of June 30, 2015.


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

(pdf)


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

In English


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

, which includes 1,900 computer - recovered low resolution photographs from the Library of Congress archives


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Category:People born in Kirzhachsky District


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Category:Photography pioneers


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Category:Russian emigrants of the first wave in France


Question: When did Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky take his first color photograph?

Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky

Burials at Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois Cemetery


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

, also known as a Japanese computer game released by Caramel Box (Kyarameru BOX) in 2005 for the Microsoft Windows platform.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Later, it was used to make a TV-anime.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The story tells the story of Mizuho Miyanokoji, a girllike student [1] [2] who, at the will of his grandfather, is transferred to study at the women's academy.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The game was originally released in the PC version as an “adult” game.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Then, in 2006, it was ported to PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable platforms, with no age restrictions.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Later, on June 30, 2010, a sequel to the game, Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru: Futari no Elder, was released.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

This game, like its predecessor, was originally developed for Microsoft Windows and then ported to PSP.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The main character here is a student named Tikhaya Kisakinomiya who moved to the women's academy.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Based on the original game, a manga was created, which was published in Dengeki Daioh magazine published by ASCII Media Works.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The manga, based on Futari no Elder, was published in Kadokawa Shoten's Comp Ace magazine.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Light novel novels, artbooks, as well as radio shows and several music albums were created on the basis of the original game.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The 12-episode anime, produced by Feel, aired in Japan between October and December 2006, and was released by OVA in April 2007.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The anime was licensed by Media Blasters, which released it on three DVDs.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

It was heavily criticized by Anime News Network reviewers, who described the series as “completely unoriginal, with unpleasant blunders and technical flaws.”


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In a review from Mania Entertainment, the series was called “absolutely predictable and tasteless”.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The name of the game in its original version was written (Shojo-wa o-nee-sama-ni koi-shiteru, literally: “virgins love older sister”), but above the word (shoujo, “virgin, virgin”) was inscribed furigana “otome” (that is, also “virgin”, “girl”), and above the word (o-nee-sama, “big sister”) - furigana “boku” (that is, 1st liter pronoun, used mainly by men) [3].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Later, when the game was ported to Playstation, the name was replaced by the same furigana [4].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The same recording of the title was used in the anime version.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In addition to the full, the abbreviated name “otoboku” is also used.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Gameplay


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru is a romantic visual novel in which the player takes on the role of Mizuho Miyanokoji [5].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The gameplay requires some interaction from the player, the basis of the gameplay is reading text that appears on the screen describing the story or reflecting the dialogue.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

There are several endings in the game.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The plot of the game develops depending on the decisions made by the player.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In total, the game has six storylines that the player can discover.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

From time to time, the player is given a choice of several answers.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The game is suspended until the player has made a decision.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

To unlock all the storylines, the player must replay several times and make different decisions at one point, developing the plot in a different direction [5].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Each script is divided into eight episodes (this also includes a prologue and an epilogue).


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

At the end of one episode, a brief description of what the next one will be about appears.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Each episode takes place in one of the months from June to March.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The prologue is placed between the second and third episodes [5].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The original version of the game contains scenes of an erotic nature [5].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

When the game was ported to the PlayStation 2 console, the gameplay underwent some changes [6] [7].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In particular, all erotic scenes and any hints of physical intimacy between the characters were removed [8].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The game also has ten additional episodes and one special [9] [10].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In the sequel Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru: Futari no Elder, the main character of the game is Quiet Kisakinomiya, and the secondary character is Kaoruko Nanahara.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

There are six storylines for each of the heroines and erotic scenes removed in the PlayStation Portable version of the game [11] [12].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The plot


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The setting


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The action takes place at the private Seio girls' school, which is also called Seio Jogakuin Christian Education [13].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The school was founded in 1886 by an ancestor of Mizuho [5].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Initially, the educational institution was planned to be named.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

However, later it turned out that this name coincides with the name of a real school, and it was replaced by [14].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The action also takes place in a building called four former dormitories [15].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

History


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The main character, Mizuho, was a student at one of the prestigious private schools.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

However, according to a will left by his grandfather, he had to transfer to a girls' school, of course, under the guise of a girl.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

At first, in addition to the school management, only his childhood friend Maria knew that he was a boy, who helped him with the settlement.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

However, almost immediately another classmate of his, Zion, guessed this, who, however, kept it a secret.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Other students remained in the dark until the last moment, and, thanks to Mizuho's qualities, they imbued him with such respect that they even chose him as “older sister” (Elder, Elder syster) schools.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

This title was given to the most respected student of the school, while other students had to refer to her “onee-sama”.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Elections are the oldest tradition of Seio Academy; every June, one of the students is elected as the “big sister”.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

To become a “big sister”, a candidate must gain at least 75% of the vote.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

If none of the candidates manages to reach the required number in the first round, then one of the candidates passes his votes to the other, and thus the winner is determined.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

If no one participates in the elections, the “big sister” is the president of the school board.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Mizuho receives 82% of the vote in the first round and becomes the 72nd “big sister” in the history of the school.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

After that, Mizuho's popularity increases even more, and it becomes a symbol of the school's excellence.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In the following months, Mizuho gets to know her classmates much better and helps them solve problems.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Characters


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Birthday — May 12, blood type A, height 173 cm.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The main character.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A boy who, according to his grandfather's will, went to a girls' school.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

His real name is “Kaburagi”, but he was enrolled in school under his mother's maiden name.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

He has a rather feminine appearance (he looks like his mother), he has long hair, so he did not have any special problems with portraying himself as a girl, although, of course, the style of speech and behavior he had to change.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

At the school where Mizuho studied before, he was one of the best students, also studied various arts, including kendo, karate, aikido, fencing, Japanese and European dance, tea art ceremonies, ikebana... Thanks to this, Mizuho quickly earned the respect of most of the students of the new school, so he was even chosen as the “big sister”.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Previously, he behaved passively, trying not to interfere in other people's affairs, but as an “big sister” and feeling responsible, he gradually began to try to participate more and more in the lives of others, helping them solving their problems.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Seiyu: Horie Yui


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Birthday — March 21, blood type AB, height 173 cm.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Mizuho's classmate.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

He comes from a noble family, although he is not exalted for it.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Almost from the very first day, I realized that Mizuho was a boy, but did not reveal his secret.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

One of the best students, however, due to illness, had to miss a whole year.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Before that, she was elected “big sister” [5], but when she fell ill, she was unable to perform these duties, so she felt guilty; supporting Mizuho as an “big sister”, she sees it an opportunity to partially atone for one's guilt.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Quiet and peaceful by nature [16].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Like Mizuho himself, he wears long hair.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

About her appearance, Mizuho said, “I've never met such a beautiful woman before.”


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

He is a member of the tea ceremony group, which he is well versed in.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Voice actor: Matsurai Miyu


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Birthday — June 8, blood type 0, height 161 cm.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A relative and childhood friend of Mizuho.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Like Zion, he comes from a noble family, but, unlike the latter, it does not behave like “one-sama” () at all.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In order not to live with parents who are too caring, he lives in a school house, where Mizuho later settled.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

He is very interested in fashion.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

As a child, playing with Mizuho, she liked to dress him up in women's clothes, so she enthusiastically embarked on introducing Mizuho into women's society [17].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

She has always been in the lead in her relationship with Mizuho, and now she was going to gradually involve him in the life of the school, but after becoming the “big sister”, Mizuho himself went far ahead, which made Maria feel some resentment.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Seiyu: Asano Masumi


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Birthday — August 26, blood type 0, height — 140 cm.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A somewhat shy girl, Kohai Mizuho and Maria.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Helps with Mizuho's housework.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Her parents are unknown, she was brought up in an orphanage, and her current name comes from the name of the director of the orphanage.