Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Initially nicknamed “Bityug”, he received the nickname “Vulture” for often returning from the Zone without partners (apparently leaving them to their fate, leaving them to die in various anomalies or deliberately sacrificing “traps”, using them as “lock picks”).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Gopher (formerly Handsome) Dixon is a half-crazy cripple, a former stalker who got into the so-called “meat grinder”, but survived after that.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

In a mutilated state, he was carried out of the Zone by Vulture Barbridge (who probably feared reprisals by other stalkers if he returned alone again), for which he later served him for life thankful and worked in his house as a servant.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The tender is the second laboratory assistant of Dr. Panov.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Whirling Hugh is an artifact buyer.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Ernest is the owner of the Borzhch establishment (Kirill insisted on the name “Borsch”), a buyer of artifacts.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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He turned Shewhart over to Captain Quarterblood, and later went to jail.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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other stalkers - Bob Gorilla, Gundosy Geresh, Kallogen, Zapfa the Chicken, Dwarf Tsmyg, Lyndon Shorty, Moslaty Ishak, Norman Bespectacled (real name Stefan Norman), Nosy Ben Galevy, Pete Sore, Poodle, Slug, Lucky Carter, Cactus (real name Jonathan Miles), Pharaoh Bunker, Slush.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Anomalies


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Tramp Dick” is what scientists call the alleged source of noise at the plant.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Valentin Pilman compared it with a “rampant clockwork bear cub”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Probably the only inhabitant of the Zone.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

“Witch's jelly” (“colloidal gas”) is a kind of fluid substance.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

It penetrates well through the skin and any other organic matter, plastic, metal, concrete.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The only material that is “too tough for him” is special porcelain vessels.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Almost everything that reacts with turns into a “witch's jelly” again.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The book describes how Vulture Barbridge, stepping into the “witch's jelly”, suffers a serious injury to his legs: “burns” the skin, and the bones turned into a rubber-like mass.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

At the same time, the lesion began to spread further, affecting healthy flesh and bones.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The only method of care is urgent amputation of the affected limbs.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Due to the complexity of transportation and the danger to humans, “witch's jelly” is not subject to investigation, it is forbidden to remove it from the Zone.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Shewhart violated this ban, took out a porcelain container with the “jelly” along with the wounded Vulture, but did not want to sell it and hid the container in the garage.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

I decided to sell it when I realized that he would be imprisoned for a long time, and hid it under a phone booth.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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With the proceeds, his wife and daughter were to be provided for the entire period of imprisonment.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Perhaps it was this container that researchers from Carrigan laboratories later discovered with manipulators, which led to a major catastrophe: the laboratory building was partially destroyed; floors, the jelly broke out and descended through all floors to the basement, killing 35 people, more than 100 were mutilated.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

“Merry Ghosts” are abnormal air turbulences in certain parts of the Zone that pose a danger to humans.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

They are mentioned in the book as a legend, but in the last chapter Radrick Shewhart sees this anomaly from a safe distance.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Zelenka” is an unknown substance that can flow on the ground and is probably dangerous for humans (mentions an episode when Radrick Shewhart and Arthur Barbridge waited two hours for the flow of “green” on the hill).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Mosquito bald patch” is an area with abnormally high (thousands of times) gravity, known in the scientific circle as “gravity concentrate”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The book mentions a crashed helicopter that fell into a “mosquito bald patch”, flattened into a thin “pancake”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Stalkers discover them by throwing nuts.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Living dead or dummies are autonomous wandering bodies of people buried in the Zone before the Visit.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Usually, “dummies” leave the Zone and return to the houses where a person used to live.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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It is also mentioned that individual parts of the body of “dummies” are completely autonomous.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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They are often mistakenly referred to as the “walking dead”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The movements of the “dummies” are clumsy and sharp, resembling the movements of a mechanical doll, intelligence is almost at zero.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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They try to imitate people's daily actions.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The book mentions how Radrick Shewhart and Vulture Barbridge saw the so-called “this one”, first wandering among the graves, then wandering along the road.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The next day, this one came to his home.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Radrick Shewhart was also visited by his father, who had died long before the Visit.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Radrick tried to perceive him as a member of the family and got into a fight with paramedics who were going to take his father away for research.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The meat grinder is a deadly anomaly.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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When it hits its field of action, an object or creature instantly twists, deforms and tears it apart.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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It is almost invisible outwardly.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The Meat Grinder is right on the way to the Golden Ball.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

During the entire existence of the Zone, only one stalker came out of the “meat grinder” alive - Handsome Dixon, who later received the nickname “Gopher” (he was pulled out of the Barbridge Zone, mutilated).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

According to the observations of stalkers, after the “triggering”, the “meat grinder” becomes inactive for some time.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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This feature was used by stalker Barbridge, letting unsuspecting partners into the meat grinder, which ensured a safe passage for himself.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Rusty wet — something like a wet, “grows” on television antennas in the Plague Quarter (once a residential quarter that was in the Visiting Zone).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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When it comes into contact with metal, it immediately causes severe corrosion and gradually switches to it.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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In this regard, the transportation of “rusty wet” is difficult.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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It is not subject to research.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

“Burning down” is a kind of harmful formation carried by the wind, one of the few from which you can protect yourself by wearing a protective suit.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

For some reason, it is not blown out of the Zone by the wind.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The silver web is thin shiny threads of unknown origin, seen by Red in the garage.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The strength of the threads is small, similar to that of a regular web.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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One case of death of a person (Kirill Panov) from a heart rupture is described, presumably after accidental contact with a web through a protective suit.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Death occurred suddenly, with no prior signs, some time after leaving the Zone.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Shepherds are mutant people who have been living in the Zone since the day of the Visit.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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They are mentioned in passing by Radrick Shewhart.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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- I know they say that someone lives in the Zone.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Some people.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Not aliens, but humans.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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It's like the Visit caught up with them here, and they mutated... adapted to the new environment.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Have you heard of this, Mr Shewhart?


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Yes,” Radrick said.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Only it's not here.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Northwest.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Some shepherds.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Shadows are anomalous shadows from illuminated objects in the Zone.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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As a rule, they are on the wrong side of objects, often the shadow is directed towards the sun.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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This phenomenon may be safe, but stalkers prefer to avoid it.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Bloody cabbage” is mentioned only once as a dangerous formation that shoots harmful particles.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Wearing a protective suit protects against “spitting”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The book also describes many other phenomena that do not have a name.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Interestingly, the influence of the Zone affected even those Harmonts who did not come close to it.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

For some time now, it has been noticed that as soon as an immigrant from Harmont who was present at the Visit settles in another city, the number of disasters and accidents in that city increases dramatically.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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After that, emigration from Harmont was banned.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Zone Artifacts


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The purpose of the items found in the Zone, despite twenty years of study, remained unknown.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Dr. Pilman believed that humanity, using some artifacts, is simply “hammering nails with microscopes.”


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“White hoop” (the name is conditional, perhaps this object means the term mentioned in the book from stalker jargon - “white spinner”) is a white ring made of light metal.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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If you put it on the axle and spin it slightly, it continues to move until it is stopped by force.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The first perpetual motion machine found in the Zone.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

By mistake, it was first mistaken for a “bracelet” (see below), but differs in color, weight and diameter.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The book mentions a single copy of this object (found by Shewhart).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Bracelets” are metal rings that have a beneficial effect on human health.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

“Pins” are small, pin-like objects that, under certain conditions, begin to emit sequences of colors in the visible spectrum.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The Golden Ball (Wish Machine) is an object that has the shape of a golden or reddish ball.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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According to legends, he has the ability to fulfill wishes, but not any, but only the most intimate ones.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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However, no direct evidence of these properties is given in the book.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Zuda” is a device, the form and shape of which are not described in the book.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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When active (squeezing between the fingers is enough to initiate), it somehow affects people and animals, causing feelings of fear and discomfort.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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According to Radrick Shewhart, dogs are the first to feel the working “itch”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

“Dummy” (“hydromagnetic trap”, “object 77-B”) are two metal discs, the space between which is not filled with anything (except air), but which at the same time retain their relative position when arbitrary loads.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The book mentions “small dummies” (it is natural to assume that there are also large ones).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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At least one “dummy” with the contents — a viscous blue liquid, possibly witch's jelly — was found and sent for research.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Death-lamp” is a device that produces radiation of unknown nature, which has a detrimental effect on terrestrial organisms.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The work mentions only the story about the only case of finding the device:


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Eight years ago,” Noonan tightened in a boring voice, “a stalker named Stefan Norman, nicknamed Glasses, took out a device out of the Zone that is, as far as you can tell, a kind of system emitters that have a deadly effect on terrestrial organisms.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The aforementioned Ochkarik traded this unit to the Institute.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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They didn't agree on the price, Bespectacled went to the Zone and never came back.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Where the unit is currently located is unknown...


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

“Black spray” (“K-23 objects”) are small black formations that have the shape of a ball.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The beam of light entering them comes out with a delay and at a lower frequency.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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They are used in jewelry.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

There is also an assumption that these formations are giant areas of space with a different metric, which, under the influence of our space, have taken a compact three-dimensional shape.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

“Etak” is a “perpetual battery”, a small-sized inexhaustible source of electrical energy.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The artifact was widely used in technology and led to the abandonment of hydrocarbon fuels.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Under certain conditions, it multiplies by division.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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One “this” is enough to drive a passenger car.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The novel also mentions various other artifacts, but without any description:


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Carbonated Clay” - indirectly described only in an episode when stalker Radrick Shewhart (Red) spread the swag on the table at home.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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She was in the bank.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Rattling wipes.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Sponge” has the ability to record dreams and reproduce them to another person.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Needles.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Crayfish eyes”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The “blue panacea” may be one of the types of “quasibiological mass” mentioned by Valentin Pilman in a conversation with Richard Noonan and made a great leap in medicine.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Twigs rattles”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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“Wiggly magnet”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Awards and nominations


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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1978 year.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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John Campbell Award, second place book of the year.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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1978 year.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

After the release of Roadside Picnic in the United States, the Strugatsky brothers became honorary members of the Mark Twain Society for their “outstanding contribution to the genre of science fiction”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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1979 year.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

At the Scandinavian Congress of Fantastic Literature, the book was awarded the Jules Verne Award for Best Book of the Year.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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1981 year.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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At the Sixth French Science Fiction Festival in Metz, the Strugatsky brothers were awarded for the best foreign book of the year.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Adaptations


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Film adaptations


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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In 1977, Czechoslovak television shot a mini-series based on the novel Návštěva z Vesmíru (Visit from Space).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The series was defeated by critics and at the moment the existence of any copies is unknown [19].


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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1979 film Stalker by Andrei Tarkovsky.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The script of the film was written by the Strugatsky brothers and Andrey Tarkovsky based on the story.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The Strugatsky rewrote the script repeatedly, as a result, the latest version used for the film had almost nothing to do with either the first or the story itself.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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In 2000, Columbia pictures announced its intention to make a high-budget film adaptation called English: After the Visitation, with directors being Glen Morgan and James Wong are invited [20]


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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In 2006, director David Jacobson was invited to this project instead [21] [22].


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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At the same time, information was announced that one of the roles should be played by John Travolta [23].


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Subsequently, the project record was removed from IMDB.com.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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On September 11, 2015, news feeds reported that WGN America announced the start of work on a series based on the book “Roadside Picnic”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The idea is being implemented by screenwriter Jack Paglen and director Alan Taylor.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

In 2012, the independent film company Pilman Radiant Pictures posted on YouTube the result of five years of work on the indie film Vyöhyke (Zone) based on the story by the Strugatsky [25].


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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In 2016, it was reported that Matthew Good would star in the AMC Roadside picnic series based on the story [26], and in February 2017, a trailer for the series appeared [27].


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The director of the series is Jack Paglen (scriptwriter for such films as “Supremacy”, “Alien: Covenant”).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

IMDB also posted a record about the animated project “Zona” [28], which is also scheduled to be launched in 2017.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Amateur Roguelike video games for DVK (1988) and ZX Spectrum — Stalker (1997) and Zone the Last Stalker (1999)


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Soviet radio play “Roadside Picnic” in 1990.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The plot is preserved with abbreviations and distortions of names (for example, the city of Harmont turned into Marmont, and Mosol Katyusha became Kanasha).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Nikolay Karachentsov plays Shewhart.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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Also in the roles are Vladimir Kashpur (Barbridge), Yuri Vasilyev (Kirill), Leonid Kulagin (Lemkhen), Georgy Taratorkin (speech from the author).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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In 2003, the Finnish company Circus Maximus produced a theatrical version of Roadside Picnic, called Stalker.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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In 2007, the computer game S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl was released, using the ideas of a book and a film.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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On August 22, 2008, the second computer game in the series, S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky, was released.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

In 2009, the third game S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Call of Pripyat was released.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Despite the large amount of material referring to the novel by the Strugatsky (from the basic terms “stalking”, “swag”, up to the identical name of most anomalies), the game developers do not mentioned the contribution of writers to their project due to copyright problems.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

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The Stalker RPG board role-playing game, developed by Ville Vuorela with the permission of Boris Strugatsky, was published in 2008 by Burger Games in Finnish and in 2012 in English.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Wish Machine Scenario


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The first version of the script written by the Strugatsky for Tarkovsky's future film.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Published in the complete works of the Text publishing house.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

It was also once.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

It has a lot in common with the original work.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

It is interesting because it considers one of the options for completing the plot: the stalker reached the place of fulfillment of desires, in a semi-conscious state asked for something that he did not make out himself, and ended up at home.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

He sees that his daughter is sick, and money is pouring out of a large bag on his shoulder.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

There is also a version published in the 1981 almanac “Science Fiction Collection” (issue 25).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

This version is somewhat closer to the existing film adaptation.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Of course, the certain ending of “Wish Machine” does not negate the possibility of each reader “speculating” the final of “Roadside Picnic” in their own way.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The stalker described in the script is not Radrick Shewhart.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Continuing and imitating


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Alexander Lukyanov, “The Old Man from the Roadside” (story, 2008).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Alexander Lukyanov, “The Old Man's Trailer” (novel, 2010).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Kir Bulychev, “Save Galya!” (short story, 1990) [31].


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Leonid Kudryavtsev, “And the Hunter...” (short story, anthology “Time of Students”, 1996)


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Nikolai Romanetsky, “Burdened with Happiness” (novel, anthology “Time of Students”, 1996)


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Nikita Filatov, “Gilded Ball” (short story, anthology “Students' Time — 3”, 2000)


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Sergey Streletsky, (short story, 2008) [32].


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

“Christopiles”, a fantastic story.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Amateur translation of D. Wyndham's “Chrysalides”, published in 1955, with minor inserts “under the Strugatsky”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Sergey Tarmashev, Areal novel series (AST, 2011—2015).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Books and stories dedicated to stalkers and written under the influence of the S.T.A.L.K.E.R.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Dmitry Sillov, “Roadside Picnic: Happiness for Everyone”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The first novel in the series “Roadside Picnic” is positioned as a direct continuation of Shewhart's story.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

China Myeuville, Rails.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The book's world is very similar to the Zone.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

In one episode, the hero examines an artifact that looks like a “dummy”.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Mike Gelprin, Harmont. Our days” (AST, Astrel-SPb, 2014).


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Jeff Vandermeer “Annihilation”, “Zone X” cycle (2014), the plot and main details are copied almost completely.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

In culture


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The term stalking


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

S.T.A.L.K.E.R. is a series of computer games that largely inherits the ideas of the book


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

See also


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

A forgotten experiment is the story of the Strugatsky in 1959.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The sphere is a novel by M. Crichton 1987 about the golden ball that materializes people's thoughts


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The Sphere is a 1998 fantastic thriller directed by Barry Levinson based on the novel of the same name by Michael Crichton.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

The Mysterious Wall is a 1967 film.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Made in Abyss is a manga with a similar plot.


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Notes


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Category:Science fiction novels in Russian


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Category:Novels by the Strugatsky brothers


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Category: Novels of 1972


Question: How many screen adaptations of the story “Roadside Picnic” exist at the moment?

Roadside picnic

Category:John W. Campbell


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Tongue is an unpaired growth of the bottom of the oral cavity in vertebrates.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The shape and position of the tongue are variable and depend on its functional state.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

At rest, the tongue has a shovel-shaped shape, almost completely filling the oral cavity.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The tip of the tongue is adjacent to the back surface of the front teeth.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Language features


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The language participates in the process of chewing, articulate speech, taste perception and salivation.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The role of the tongue in sucking mother's milk by newborns and infants is extremely important.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Dogs also use their tongue to regulate heat — when they are hot, they stick out their tongue and breathe actively.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

At the same time, saliva from the tongue actively evaporates and takes away excess heat from the tongue, and since it is saturated with blood vessels, it also from the blood, and therefore from the whole body.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Cats, like many other animals, actively use their tongue to lick themselves and their young.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In addition, the long and mobile cat's tongue is equipped with special tubercles on the sides that allow you to separate the meat from the victim's skeleton.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Language structure


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The human tongue is formed by striated muscle tissue and is covered with a mucous membrane.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In the tongue, the root of the tongue (the posterior third, facing the pharynx) and the body of the tongue (the front two-thirds) are distinguished.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The upper surface of the tongue is called the back.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

There is a terminal groove on the border of the root and body of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Sagittally, the tongue is separated by a longitudinal furrow (the outer trace of the tongue inside the septum).


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

At the junction of these furrows is a blind opening of the tongue (some people do not have) - foramen caecum, - the remainder of the reduced shield-lingual duct of the thyroid germ, ductus thyreoglossus.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Under the tongue is the frenulum of the tongue (Latin: frenulum linguae), a fold of the oral mucosa that runs along the midline and connects the bottom of the oral cavity to the lower surface of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Tongue mucosa


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The mucous membrane of the tongue is tightly fused with the lingual fascia and intermuscular connective tissue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

There is no submucosal layer in the tongue, so the mucous membrane is immobile and does not fold.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

From the outside, this membrane is covered with multilayer squamous epithelium.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

It contains glands, taste organs and lymphatic formations.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In the area of the tip, back, root and edges of the tongue, the mucous membrane is rough.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

By the way, it is thicker from the borderline sulcus than from the front, and has knotty elevations due to the presence of lymphatic follicles, and on the lower surface it is smooth.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

On the midline, the mucous membrane forms a frenulum of the tongue, and on the sides of it - converging anteriorly fringed folds, plicae fimbriatae, more pronounced in children.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The mucous membrane of the posterior part of the tongue forms three lingual-epiglottic folds going to the epiglottis: unpaired - median, plica glossoepiglottica mediana, and paired - lateral, plicae glossoepiglotticae laterales.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Between them are epiglottic notches, valleculae epiglotticae.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

On the upper surface and along the edges of the tongue anterior to sulcus terminalis there are numerous different devices for protruding the mucous membrane - papillae of the tongue, papillae languales.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Tongue papillae


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In the area of the body of the tongue, the epithelium and the mucosal propria form five types of papillae: threadlike, cone-shaped, mushroom-shaped, grooved and leaf-shaped.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Threadlike papillae


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

(papillae filiformes) are the most numerous, scattered throughout the wall and along the edges of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Their length is from 0.6 to 2.5 mm, thickness is 0.1 - 0.6 mm.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They are longer in front than in the back of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The basis of the papilla is the protrusion of its own plate of the mucous membrane, which is covered with a multilayer flat epithelium of the keratinizing type.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The sloughing horny scales are whitish in color, as a result of which the tongue is whitish-pink.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In case of digestive disorders, the rejection of keratinized epithelial cells is delayed, as a result of which a white coating (“lined” tongue) forms on the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Threadlike papillae are not taste organs.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They function as organs of touch and contribute to the retention of food in the tongue [1].


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In predatory and ruminant animals, they are able to remove semi-liquid, semi-solid and even solid matter in layers.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They predominate in cats.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Cone-shaped papillae


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

(papillae conicae) - are among the threadlike ones and are very close to them in structure and function.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They are considered as a transitional form to taste buds [1].


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They have receptors for pain, temperature and tactile sensitivity.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They are mechanical.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Mushroom papillae


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

(papillae fungiformes) - rounded, rise above the surface of the mucous membrane in the form of whitish-pink hats.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The base of each fungoid papilla is formed by the connective tissue of its own lamina, covered with multilayer flat non-keratinizing epithelium.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They are scattered over the entire surface of the tongue, but do not go beyond the boundary of the terminal groove.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In addition, the central area of the back is free from them.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The smallest mushroom-shaped papillae are located at the tip of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

and the largest ones are at the level of the molars.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The total number of mushroom papillae can be from 624 to 852, and according to some reports, it exceeds 1000.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In the epithelium, most papillae have taste buds.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The latter are located on the tip of the papilla, and their number ranges from 2 to 15.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Each taste bud is made up of supporting cells and taste receptor cells.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The first of them have the shape of orange slices and are grouped around a depression associated with the surface of the taste pore.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In order to cause a taste sensation, the substance in the solution enters the taste buds through the pores and excites chemoreceptors.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The latter generate a nerve impulse transmitted through the afferent nerve fibers of the facial nerve.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The life cycle of taste bud cells is about 10 days.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

During this period, all cells, including receptor cells, are renewed [2].


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They perceive a sweet taste.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Troughed papillae (papillae surrounded by a shaft)


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

(papillae vallatae) - near the root of the tongue and consist of the central papilla, its cushion and glands.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The average number is: pig and horse 2, carnivores 4-6, bull 14-35, sheep 36-50.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The taste buds are located in the walls of the groove, at the bottom of which the ducts of small serous glands open.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The total number of taste buds in dogs is 8,000 [3].


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Taste innervation is provided by the glossopharyngeal nerve.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Leaf papillae


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

(papillae foliatae) - in the form of oval transverse elevations of the mucous membrane are located on the sides of the tongue, near the palatolingual arches.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The taste buds lie in the wall of the roviks, which divide the papilla into separate fold leaves, and in the depths of them open the ducts of small serous glands.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In the thickness of the mucous membrane and between the bundles of the own lingual muscle there are lingual glands - gll.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

linguales, secreting a mucous secret.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The holes of their ducts are clearly visible in the root area of the tongue [2].


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Bulls don't have them.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They perceive a sour taste.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Taste buds, or kidneys, contain the terminal receptor apparatus of the taste analyzer and are located in the papillae of the tongue, as well as on the posterior edge of the palate, in the epithelium of the pharynx and epiglottis.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

It is believed that mushroom and leaf-shaped papillae perceive the taste of sour, sweet and salty, and those surrounded by the shaft perceive bitter [1].


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Tongue muscles


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

(Latin: mm. linguae).


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The bulk of the tongue consists of muscles with their connective tissue apparatus.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The tongue muscles can be divided into two groups.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

One is represented by muscles that begin on the bones and weave into the body of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

These muscles are commonly called skeletal muscles, their contraction changes the position of the tongue:


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

styloglossus muscle (m. styloglossus) - begins on the styloid process of the temporal bone and the stylo-mandibular ligament, goes down the lateral and lower surfaces of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

It pulls the tongue up and back.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

chin-lingual muscle (m. genioglossus) - begins on the chin spine of the lower jaw, passes into the vertical muscle of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The language moves forward.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

hyoglossus muscle (m. hyoglossus) - begins on the body and large horn of the hyoid bone, goes to the lateral part of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

It pulls the tongue back and down, while lowering the epiglottis - closes the larynx when swallowing.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Another muscle group is the tongue's own muscles, their function is to change the shape of the tongue:


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

upper longitudinal muscle (m. longitudinalis superior)


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

inferior longitudinal muscle (m. longitudinalis inferior)


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

transverse tongue muscle (m. transversus linguae)


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

vertical tongue muscle (m. verticalis linguae)


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Salivary glands of the tongue


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The glands of the tongue are serous, mucous and mixed.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The following glands of the tongue are distinguished:


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The anterior gland, glandula lingualis anterior, paired, mixed, is located under the inferior longitudinal muscle near the tip of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Excretory ducts of the gland (up to 7) open on the lower surface of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The posterior glands, glandulae linguales posteriores, numerous small glands of mixed, serous and mucous types.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

They lie between bundles of muscle fibers in the back half of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Their ducts open in the grooves of the grooved papillae, as well as in other parts of the mucous membrane [1].


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Tonsil tonsil


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In the mucous membrane of the root of the tongue, behind the furrow, there are clusters of lymphoid tissue in the form of follicles of various sizes.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The collection of lingual lymphatic follicles is called the lingual amygdala, tonsilla lingualis.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In the area of accumulation of follicles, the mucous membrane forms a noticeable elevation, in the center of which is a depression - the crypt.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The lingual amygdala enters the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring of Valdeyer-Pirogov.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The blood supply to the tongue is provided by a. lingualis, the branches of which form the intra-organ vascular bed.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The venous outflow of blood is carried out through v.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

lingualis, flowing into the internal jugular vein.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Lymph flow is carried out into the chin, submandibular and pharyngeal lymph nodes.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Innervation of the tongue muscles is carried out n.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

hypoglossus, mucous membrane in the anterior two-thirds — n.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

lingualis (from n. mandibularis), in the posterior third - n.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

glossopharyngeus, the root area near the epiglottis — n.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

laryngeus superior (from n. vagus).


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Nerve fibers to taste buds go as part of chorda tympani (n. intermediate) to mushroom-shaped and leaf-shaped, n.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

glossopharyngeus — to the grooved papillae [1].


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Language development


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The muscles of the tongue develop from behind-the-ear myotomes, derivatives of the mesenchyma.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The mucous membrane is from the ectoderm.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The language develops from three rudiments.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

As a trace of the fusion of these rudiments, two furrows are noticeable in the tongue: the median furrow of the tongue, sulcus medianus linguae, and the borderline furrow, sulcus terminalis.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The papillae of the tongue develop at 6-7 months of intrauterine development.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Variants of normal language development


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

No blind hole (7% of cases);


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Additional muscles: grain-lingual, ear-tongue, additional mouth-tongue, middle longitudinal muscle of the tongue.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Language development anomalies


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Aglossia — lack of language (rarely);


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Splitting the tongue at the end with the formation of two or three lobes due to non-union;


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The blind opening of the tongue may not be fully or partially reduced, which causes the formation of median cysts and neck fistulas (rarely).


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Age characteristics of the language


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The newborn's tongue is wide, short, thick, sedentary.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

It takes up the entire oral cavity.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

When the mouth is closed, it extends beyond the edges of the gums and touches the cheeks.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

In front, the tongue protrudes between the upper and lower jaws in the vestibule of the mouth, which is very small in the newborn.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The papillae of the tongue are expressed.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The lingual amygdala is poorly developed.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Tongue transplant


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

On July 19, 2003, a tongue transplant was performed (for the first time in the world) at the Vienna General Hospital (Austria).


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

The operation lasted 14 hours.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

At the end of August of the same year, the patient was discharged from the hospital [5].


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

See also


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Short tongue frenulum


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Taste sensory system


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Taste zones of the tongue


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Glossitis


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Notes


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Literature


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

G. L. Bilic V. A. Kryzhanovsky “Biology for University Applicants”


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Morozov I. A., Butovskaya M. L., Makhov A. E.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

— M.: Languages of Slavic culture, 2008.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

— 320 p.


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Category:Oral cavity


Question: What is the length of a human tongue?

Language (anatomy)

Category:Senses


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Alyonka chocolate is a milk chocolate produced in the USSR since 1965, and later produced in Russia, including at the Krasny Oktyabr confectionery factory (since 1966).


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

A distinctive feature is its creamy, “greasy” taste.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Currently, the Alyonka chocolate brand belongs to the United Confectioners company, which includes 15 enterprises, including Rot Front OJSC, Krasny Oktyabr OJSC, Confectionery Concern OJSC Babaevsky”.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

In addition, similar brands of chocolate are found in other post-Soviet countries (for example, the Ukrainian Olenka and the Belarusian Lyubimaya Alenka).


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Description


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

mini|chocolate bar


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The 100 g chocolate bar is a rectangle with 3x5 tiles with the inscription “Red October” on each, the wrapper depicts a girl in a handkerchief.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The composition of the classic Alyonka milk chocolate: sugar, whole milk powder, cocoa butter, cocoa mass, emulsifier lecithin, identical to natural flavor (vanillin).


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

In the 2000s, the production of other varieties under the Alyonka brand began:


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

with the addition of almonds;


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

with the addition of hazelnuts;


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

with the addition of hazelnuts and raisins;


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

with a high milk content;


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

with the addition of dragees.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The packaging of chocolate has also changed: before 100 g of tiles were inserted into the wrapper, but now it is wrapped (smaller tiles are still inserted into the package).


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

In addition to traditional tiles, tiles of 200 g, 60 g, 20 g and 15 g are produced in 100 g.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Also, under this brand, the production of chocolates has begun, the wrappers of which are decorated with the same image.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

History


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

In the early 1960s, the government of the USSR adopted a new food program, in which special attention was paid to the creation of mass, affordable, milk chocolate.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Experiments began at various factories in Moscow to create delicious chocolate, and in 1964, confectioners at the Moscow Krasny Oktyabr factory developed a suitable recipe, which simultaneously with Krasny Oktyabr was introduced into production at the Rot Front and them.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Babaev, and then at many other confectionery factories.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The first Alyonki were Babaevskaya — a girl in a blue handkerchief on a wrapper — and two front-line companies — a girl with a watering can on a wrapper and a girl with a dog and a bunny on a wrapper.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The chocolate was named after Valentina Tereshkova's daughter Elena [2].


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Until 1964, Alyonka, produced by Krasny Oktyabr, did not have a permanent wrapper design.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

At first, chocolates were produced with different images and different colors of the wrapper.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

As a result, the factory decided to develop its own corporate portrait of Alyonka.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

It was proposed to use Vasnetsov's painting Alyonushka in the cover design, but this idea did not receive support [2].


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

And then the factory management, through the newspaper Vechernyaya Moskva, announced a competition for a photo of the girl, which will later become the theme for decorating the chocolate bar [2].


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The competition was won by a photo of Alexander Gerinas, Honored Worker of Culture of the RSFSR, which he took in 1960.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The photo showed Gerinas's eight-month-old daughter Elena in a silk scarf.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Even before Krasny Oktyabr announced the contest, Elena Gerinas's photo appeared in Sovetsky Photo magazine, and then it adorned the cover of Health magazine (No. 1, 1962) [2] [3].


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Elena Gerinas's photo for the wrapper was redrawn by artist Nikolai Maslov [2].


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Compared to the original photo, the girl turned blue-eyed, her mouth, face oval and direction of gaze have changed.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

In this form, the chocolate wrapper began to be published in 1965 and has been published since then to this day.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

In February 2000, an adult Elena Gerinas filed a lawsuit against Krasny Oktyabr for 5 million rubles to protect the violated copyright, demanding compensation in the amount of 5 million rubles and imprisonment license agreement [4].


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The trial lasted more than two and a half years and as a result, after a photo portrait and art history examination, the court came to the conclusion that the image on the label of Alyonka chocolate is a new independent a work.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The very fact of the possible use of the photo when creating a drawing for the label does not affect or violate any of the plaintiff's rights, including property rights [4].


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

trademark


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Since the late sixties, Alyonka has been producing many confectionery factories throughout the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

But during perestroika and privatization, only Krasny Oktyabr registered the trademark.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Subsequently, this was the reason for the appeal of the United Confectioners holding to the Federal Antimonopoly Service with a demand to stop continuing to produce this brand of chocolate at the factory named after Krupskaya in St. Petersburg, as this is a violation of brand copyright and the law on protection of competition.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

The decision was accompanied by data from VTsIOM, according to which the majority of respondents considered the chocolates of both manufacturers similar.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

And despite the different design and pattern of the wrapper of the St. Petersburg chocolate bar (Alyonka is much older and holds a bouquet of wildflowers in her hands), as well as statements by the St. Petersburg side about the use Soviet recipe, the decision was made in favor of the Moscow manufacturer.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

For unfair competition, the Krupskaya factory was also fined about 2.1 million rubles.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

[5] [6]


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

In modern culture


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

In 1998, artist Alexander Shaburov created the Alyonka in the Caucasus art object, which was a bottle of Kavkaz cognac, on which a Alyonka chocolate bar was hoisted [7].


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

In the late 80s, Ukrainian singer Maxim Shevtsov, together with the Variant ensemble, performed a song about a girl who served as a model for a photo on a chocolate wrapper — “Chocolate Girl”.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Postal 2: in DLC paradise Lost, in one of the garage houses, you can find a Baba Yaga chocolate bar - this is a reference to Russian Alenka chocolate.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Alyonka chocolates are very widespread small presents from Russian tourists to maids and other hotel staff in hotels in Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, Vietnam, Thailand, China, etc.


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

, as well as the frequent purchase of foreign tourists returning home in Russia [8] [9].


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Notes


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

References


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Category:Chocolate brands


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Category:Trademarks of Russia


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Category:USSR trademarks


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Category:Russian cuisine


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Category:Confectionery industry in the USSR


Question: When was Alenka's chocolate released?

Alyonka (chocolate)

Category:Soviet cuisine


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Metro-2 is the unofficial name of the former classified Moscow underground transport facilities for mobilization purposes [1], which were under the jurisdiction of the Special Facilities Service of the Main Directorate special programs of the President of the Russian Federation (GUSP, former 15 Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR) [2] and the Ministry of Defense (9 Central Directorate).


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Origin of the term


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In the summer of 1992, the literary and journalistic magazine Yunost published a novel by writer and screenwriter Vladimir Gonik “Hell”, which takes place in underground bunkers in Moscow.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Earlier, in the spring of the same year, excerpts from the novel were published by the weekly “Top Secret”.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In an interview with a Kommersant correspondent in 1993 at the presentation of his book, the writer said that the term “Metro-2” was introduced by him, and the novel was written on the basis of twenty years of information about bunkers and secret subway lines connecting them [3].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Gonik admitted that he wrote the novel from 1973 to 1986 [4], and also that he deliberately distorted some information about the traces of the passage of special tunnels and the location of special facilities in the text of the novel.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Later, writer Vladimir Gonik claimed that the bunkers of the so-called “Metro-2” served to accommodate the leadership of the Politburo and the Central Committee of the CPSU, as well as members of their families in case of war.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

According to him, Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, allegedly personally visited the main bunker in the early 1970s, after which in 1974 he awarded the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Yuri Andropov with the Hero Medal Socialist labor.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In the bunker, each member of the CPSU Central Committee was entitled to apartments with an area of up to 180 m² with an office, a rest room, a catering unit and a bathroom.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Gonik allegedly collected his information from his patients while working as a doctor at a polyclinic of the Ministry of Defense [5].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

After the publication of the novel, in 1992-1993, the topic of allegedly existing secret lines of the Moscow metro was raised in their publications by the Russian media, in particular, the magazine “Ogonyok”, calling these underground facilities of Metro-2.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Description


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

General parameters of probable Metro-2 data:


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

It is laid at a very great depth: the depth of the deposit varies from 50 to 250 meters;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

There is no contact rail;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The tunnels are single-track, with journeys at some stations;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Contact-battery electric locomotives of type L [6] are used as rolling stock together with Ezh-6 [7] cars according to the Ezh6-L-Ezh6 or Ezh6-L-L-Ezh6 scheme, a four-car diesel train DPS-01 [8] and AC1A railcars.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Recently (according to rumors, in March 2009), 2 two-car PA1 diesel trains built by the Mytishchi MetrovagonMash plant have also been received;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

UP-2 trailer platforms and MK 2/15 locomotives are used for the transportation of household goods;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

According to some reports, it has 4 main lines, the largest of which is Chekhovskaya, with a length of more than 60 km;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Metro-2 stations are unlined and are narrow platforms, similar to the technical platforms of a conventional metro (with the exception of large bunkers);


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The rails are recessed into concrete to allow cars to pass through;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Near Ramenki there is a depot and a maintenance station, a large bunker for local residents (the location of the bunker is due to the special location of this area) [9].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The former Mayor of Moscow G. X.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Popov said in an interview with radio “Ekho Moskvy” that, according to his information, a secret metro line led to the building of the Central Committee of the CPSU and had access to the government airport Vnukovo-2.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

This secret line was, in his opinion, used in the evacuation of employees of the Central Committee after the defeat of the State Emergency Committee [10].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Verified information


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

U.S. Department of Defense report


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In 1991, the US Department of Defense published a report entitled Military forces in transition, several pages of which are devoted to the secret government subway in Moscow.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The data were collected on the basis of publications in the Soviet and Russian press of that time.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

A scheme of the system was also attached, superimposed on the city map [11].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Data from officials


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In 2004, Vladimir Shevchenko, the head of protocol of the President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev and the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, was the first former senior government official to actually confirm availability of a secret metro in Moscow [12]:


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In 2008, Shevchenko again touched upon the topic of “Metro-2” [13]:


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

As Mikhail Poltoranin, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister in Boris Yeltsin's government in the early 1990s, says [13]:


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Dmitry Gaev, the former head of the Moscow Metro, answered the question “Does Metro-2 exist” in 2007 [14]:


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In the same year, in an interview with Izvestia, he noted [5]:


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In 2008, Svetlana Razina, head of the independent trade union of the Moscow Metro, admitted in an interview with the Argumenty i Fakty newspaper [15]:


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

As the correspondent of the state news agency ITAR-TASS said in his article in 2007 [16]:


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Back in 1992, in an interview with the correspondent of the American magazine Time, Igor Malashenko, Deputy Director of the State Television and Radio, spoke about the existence of a television in Sofrin, 30 km north-east of Moscow a relay center built during Khrushchev's time at great depths underground in the event of a nuclear war.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

According to Malashenko, at that time the equipment of the center turned out to be unsuitable for use, as it was outdated.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Malashenko says that the same fate befell many underground bomb shelters, in particular, the system of underground bunkers under the building of Moscow State University, which, according to him, were flooded and became unusable [17].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Data from defectors


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Oleg Gordievsky, a former colonel of the KGB of the USSR, who worked for British intelligence for 11 years and fled to Great Britain in 1985, in an interview with the newspaper Argumenty i Fakty called Metro-2 “the main a KGB secret that has not been disclosed so far” [18]:


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Declassified facilities


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Mini|model of the underground facility of the ZKP “Tagansky”.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In 2006, the Cold War Museum (Tagansky ZKP Exposition Center) was opened for citizens in the center of Moscow, located at a depth of more than 60 meters.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Previously, it housed a secret air defense bunker.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

However, the depth of the bunker is less than the depth of the Metro-2 lines, and the bunker was connected only to the tunnel of the Koltsevaya line of the conventional metro, so it is incorrect to attribute it to the Metro-2 system.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In 1996, a branch of the Museum of the Armed Forces was opened on the basis of the former Reserve Command Post of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Armed Forces I. IN. Stalin in Moscow's Izmailovo district.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

According to the official website of the museum, the facility is connected by a 17-kilometer underground road to the Kremlin, designed for travel by car.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Its construction was carried out in the 1930s and was part of the state program for ensuring the country's defense capability [19].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Underground “city” in Ramenki


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In the south-west of Moscow, in the Ramenki district under a wasteland south-west of the main building of Moscow State University [20], a complex of buildings of the Research Base of the Nauka Association (NIBO Nauka) at a depth of 180-200 meters the largest underground bunker in Moscow is located.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

According to the same data, it is connected with other underground facilities in Moscow by tunnels.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Allegedly, it is intended to accommodate 15 thousand people [21].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The complex of ground buildings was built in 1975 by architect Evgeny Rozanov.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The facility was built by Glavspetsstroy [22].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The American magazine Time was one of the first to write about it in 1992.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In his article, the journalist refers to an unnamed KGB officer of the USSR, who claims that he took part in the construction of a large underground facility in Ramenki, which began in the mid-1960s and completed by the mid 1970s.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

This facility, called “Moscow-2” by the diggers, is allegedly designed to allow 15 thousand people to take refuge for 30 years after the nuclear strike on Moscow.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

On December 26, 2002, a <small data-parsoid='{"stx":"html","dsr":[17371,17387,7,8]}'>fire broke out in the underground collectors of this facility at Vernadsky Avenue, 12 A, as a result of which cables are damaged [23].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Rostelecom, whose cables were damaged in the fire, filed a lawsuit against Mosenergo in this regard [24].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The name of this object “Ramenki-43” appears in the media.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The name comes from ul. Ramenki, 43, where, allegedly, there is one of the entrances to the underground city.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

At this address are the Paramilitary Mine Rescue Squad 21 (VGSO 21) of the Federal State Institution “UVGSCH in Construction” and the 1st paramilitary mine rescue platoon (1st VGSV) of the VGSO 21 of the Federal State Institution “Management paramilitary mine rescue units in construction” [25].


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

According to some reports, the functions of the general customer for the construction of a special facility in Ramenki (“construction No. 110") were performed by the 9th Central Directorate of the Ministry of Defense (9 TSUMO), created in 1955 (military unit 57328 [26]).


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The main lines of Metro-2


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

D-6 system


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Some data on the structure of the D-6 line [27]


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

It is laid at a very great depth, the depth varies from 50 (in the center) to 210 meters (Universitet-2 station in the area of the NIBO “NAUKA”);


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

There is no contact rail in the tunnels;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Tunnels are most often illuminated (fluorescent lamps and emergency lighting), but there are also absolutely dark areas;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Single-track movement;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Contact-battery electric locomotives of type L [6] were used as rolling stock together with Ezh6 [7] cars according to the Ezh6-L-Ezh6 or Ezh6-L-L-Ezh6 scheme, a four-car diesel train DPS-01 [8] and AC1A railcars.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Recently (according to rumors, in March 2009), 2 two-car PA1 diesel trains built by the Mytishchi MetrovagonMash plant have also been received;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

UP-2 trailer platforms and MK 2/15 locomotives are used for the transportation of household goods;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The stations do not have official names and are more like technical platforms of the metro.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

They are located in a tunnel of normal cross-section, have one platform lined with tiles or iron slabs.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The walls of the station can be made of uncovered tunnel tubing, or they can be covered with a shield made of aluminum profile or plasterboard;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Stations and some places in tunnels are equipped with surveillance cameras from the 1980s;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The track is recessed into reinforced concrete slabs to ensure the passage of cars (Toyota Hiace minibuses, formerly RAF minibuses, are used);


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Side connections lead to special facilities and rare ventilation shafts.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The latter, in some cases, use the infrastructure common with the metro on the surface — ventilation kiosks, etc.;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Remote areas are ventilated by wells;


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

There is a depot and a maintenance station near Ramenki.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The former Mayor of Moscow G. X.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Popov said in an interview with radio “Ekho Moskvy” that, according to his information, a secret metro line led to the building of the Central Committee of the CPSU and had access to the government airport Vnukovo-2.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

This secret line was, in his opinion, used in the evacuation of employees of the Central Committee after the defeat of the State Emergency Committee.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

If you go from the Sportivnaya metro station to Vorobyovy Gory station, you can see an arrow to the tunnel connecting two tunnels of the conventional metro.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

There is one more way to depart from it.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

It leads to the iron gate.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

About 20 meters before the gate, the contact rail breaks off.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

According to some reports, the Metro-2 route begins outside the gate.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Objects and stations of the system


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The main purpose of the system is transport communication between the facilities of the Ministry of Defense in the city center and the “underground city” in Ramenki.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The construction of a separate underground transport system was required primarily because the shallow sections of the Sokolnicheskaya Line, as well as the metro bridge, in the event of a nuclear war would be destroyed, making it impossible to communicate between the central facilities and the Ramenskoye complex by means of a conventional metro.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The main part of the system was built in the 1950s and 1960s, and full construction was completed in the 1980s.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The length of the line, together with all branches, is just under 25 km.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The depth of the deposit is from 50 meters in the center to 210 meters in the area of the NIBO “Nauka”


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

The main move goes from to NIBO “NAUKA”.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

In addition, the line has two branches that depart shortly to the Universitet-2 station (NIBO NAUKA).


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

One branch ends with a station and two dead ends under the Troparyovsky Forest Park.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

Another branch ends in the area near the Matveyevskoye platform.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

We laid tunnels below the level of the “civilian” metro.


Question: What is the length of the classified Moscow underground transport facility Metro-2?

Metro 2

All our facilities for greater secrecy were marked with numbers.