Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

She has two sons: Zika (with Carrie Snodgress) and Ben and daughter Amber Jean.


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

The family lives in the small town of La Honda, California [112].


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

Neil Scott Young's father had several more marriages after his divorce from Rassie Young, which gave birth to five girls.


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

One of Neil's sisters is glam rock and heavy metal singer Astrid Young.


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

Discography


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

Solo studio albums


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1968 — Neil Young


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1970 — After the Gold Rush


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1972 — Harvest


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1974 — On the Beach


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Neil Young

1975 — Tonight's the Night


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1977 — American Stars 'n Bars


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Neil Young

1978 — Comes a Time


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Neil Young

1980 — Hawks and Doves


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1982 — Trans


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Neil Young

1983 — Everybody's Rockin'


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Neil Young

1985 — Old Ways


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Neil Young

1986 — Landing on Water


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Neil Young

1988 — This Note's for You


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1989 — Freedom


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Neil Young

1992 — Harvest Moon


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Neil Young

1995 — Mirror Ball


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2000 — Silver & Gold


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Neil Young

2002 — Are You Passionate?


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2005 — Prairie Wind


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2006 — Living with War


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2006 — Living with War: “In the Beginning”


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2007 — Chrome Dreams II


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2009 — Fork in the Road


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2010 — Le Noise


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2014 — A Letter Home [113]


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2015 — The Monsanto Years


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2016 — Peace Trail


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

The Stills-Young Band studio albums


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1976 — Long May You Run


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

Studio albums with Crazy Horse


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1969 — Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1975 — Zuma


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1981 — Re-ac-tor


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1987 — Life


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1990 — Ragged Glory


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1994 — Sleeps with Angels


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1996 — Broken Arrow


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2003 — Greendale


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2012 — Americana


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

2012 — Psychedelic Pill


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

Studio albums with Buffalo Springfield


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1966 — Buffalo Springfield


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1967 — Buffalo Springfield Again


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1968 — Last Time Around


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

Studio albums with Crosby, Stills & Nash


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1970 — Déjà Vu


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1988 — American Dream


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1999 — Looking Forward


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

Unreleased studio albums


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1975 — Homegrown


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1977 - Chrome Dreams


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1982 — Island in the Sun


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

1988 — Blue Note Cafe


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Neil Young

1989 — Times Square


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Neil Young

2000 — Toast


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Neil Young

Notes


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Literature


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(in English)


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(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

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(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (in English)


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(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

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(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

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(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

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In Russian


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

References


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Neil Young

(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

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(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

Neil Young

(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

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(in English)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

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(in Russian)


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

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Category:Canadian rock musicians


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Category:Canadian singer-songwriters


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Category: Canadian guitarists


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Category:Canadian public figures


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Category:Anti-war activists


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Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame artists


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Category:Grammy winners


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Category: Juno Award winners


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Category: American Music Awards winners


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Category:MTV Video Music Awards Winners


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Category:Artists who led the Billboard 200


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Category:Artists who led the Billboard Hot 100


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Category:Reprise Records Artists


Question: In which city was Neil Percival Young born?

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Category:Canadian country musicians


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Dionisy (born Andrey Alvenovich Alferov; July 4, 1961 [1], Moscow) is a bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR (A) temporarily banned from service [2] under the omophorion of Metropolitan Agafangel (Pashkovsky) with the title of bishop Novgorod and Tverskoy.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Former bishop of the Russian True Orthodox Church (RTOC) with the same title, and formerly a cleric of ROCOR in Russia.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Biography


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Family and the Beginning of Life


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Born in Moscow in 1961.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

My father, mother and both grandfathers are communists.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

His father, Alven Nikolaevich, a leading researcher at the Central Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering, was one of the main developers of Soviet medium-range and shorter-range cruise missiles, and had government awards.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Her mother, Lydia Nikolaevna, professor of medicine, military doctor, worked for many years in hospital No. 61.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

A number of ill-wishers of Dionisy (Alferov) claim that by his mother he has Jewish roots.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Dionysius himself denies this detail of his biography in every possible way [3], as this hinders his church career due to the widespread prejudice against Jewish priests in Russian Orthodoxy.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Brother — Timur (Timofey) Alvenovich, born in 1964


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

, was ordained priest Timothy by Patriarch Alexy II, which the Alferov brothers later proudly reported to all their acquaintances, including ROCOR parishioners.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He was brought up by his father in ideals of devotion to communism and the Soviet Motherland.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He was a pioneer and Komsomol member.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 1968, he entered the prestigious 444 school under patronage, then was transferred to another famous school No. 57, whose graduates in Moscow were called “Fifty Semites”.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

According to reports, Alferov's transfer to school 57 was caused by the fact that at school 444 he was severely beaten several times by his classmates for systematic whistleblowing and sneaking.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

One of the consequences of these beatings was the gradual development of Alferov's neuropsychic illness, expressed in unsociability and sudden uncontrolled outbreaks of unbridled rage.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

As a high school student, he repeatedly participated in biological Olympiads in St. Moscow, taking 2nd place at the 1977 Olympics.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

After graduation, as the winner of the Olympiad, he tried to enter the Faculty of Biology at Moscow State University on preferential terms, but failed at the entrance exam.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

With great difficulty, he managed to become a student at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology (MKhTI) named after M.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

D. AND. Mendeleev, but in the 4th year he was expelled from the institute for unknown reasons, in all likelihood due to a sharp exacerbation of the disease.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He was found unfit for military service for health reasons (neuropsychiatric disorder).


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

I received a “white ticket” and a disability.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Subsequently, he hid this fact of his biography, claiming that he studied at the military department of the Moscow Art Institute, where he took training camps and received the rank of lieutenant of the reserve of the chemical service.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the Moscow Patriarchate


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 1984, while remaining a member of the Komsomol, he secretly received baptism with his brother Timur in one of the churches of the Moscow Patriarchate, while his brother received a new name Timofey.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He entered the Moscow Theological Seminary, but was expelled from the first semester.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

According to Alferov himself, this happened due to his indignation at the “lawlessness of the Moscow Patriarchate”, but the real reason for leaving the seminary was the conflict between Komsomol member Alferov and his a communist father, who learned about the baptism of his son and demanded that he leave the seminary immediately.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

After leaving the seminary, he tried to work as a reader in various churches in Moscow, but could not get along anywhere because of his difficult character.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Having a lot of free time as a non-working person, he read a lot, including literature available only to privileged communists.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He later used information and facts gleaned from inaccessible books to impersonate a professional historian who had the right to work in secret archives.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Subsequently, when by the mid-2000s almost all books banned in Soviet times were printed, Alferov's deception with the “archives” was exposed.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In the late 1980s, he managed to recover at the MKhTI and receive a diploma of higher education in his specialty, after which he worked for three years on distribution.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the same time, he leaves the Komsomol by age.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Later he claimed that he was expelled from the Komsomol because of his religious beliefs, but in the midst of perestroika, an exception for such reasons seems absolutely incredible.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 1989, shortly after the entry into force of the Soviet-American Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, which provided for the complete destruction of these missiles within three years, Alferov's father , being a staunch communist and unable to endure the collapse of the results of his 15 years of work, committed suicide (according to another version, he died of a heart attack).


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

The death of his father gave the Alferov brothers the opportunity to fully devote themselves to their church career.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 1990, after Timur (Timofey) Alferov took the priesthood in the Moscow Patriarchate, he began to help his brother perform divine services.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Initially, Timofey served in Bologoye, but then received another parish in the village of Lyubytino, Novgorod Region.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On the basis of the Lyubytin printing house, the brothers are establishing the publication of the parish newspaper Uspensky Listok.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Soon, with the proceeds from the sale of the dacha inherited from relatives, the brothers buy two houses in the village of Uglovka, Novgorod Region, where Timofey Alferov is building another parish.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Since 1991, Alferov began to engage in journalistic activities, publishing his articles in various monarchical and patriotic publications under the pseudonym Anton Tuskarev.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Since 1994, he has stopped writing on monarchical topics and limits himself only to church historical journalism in his newspaper “Uspensky Listok”.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the Church Abroad


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In May 1994, together with his brother and his parishioners, he passed to the jurisdiction of ROCOR.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

As a result of the transition, the brothers lose the temple in the village of Lyubytino and the material base for the publication of the Assumption Leaf.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 1995, he became close to the representative of the First Hierarch of ROCOR, Metropolitan Vitaly (Ustinov) in St. Petersburg O. AND. Nikitina, who has access to the main members of the Synod of Bishops of ROCOR — Archbishop Laurus (Skurla), Bishop Gabriel (Chemodakov), Bishop Hilarion (Corporal), and with its help receives a visa to the United States, and also recommendations to these bishops.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In October 1995, he was tonsured a monk in New York by Archbishop Laurus with the name Dionysius.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He is presented to Metropolitan Vitaly as a historian, an outstanding publicist, a Russian patriot and a worthy candidate for the priesthood.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He was appointed a reader by Metropolitan Vitaly and ordained a hierodeacon by him.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On October 19/November 1, 1995, he was ordained a hieromonk by Bishop Hilarion (Corporal) at the Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the Synodal House in New York.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Subsequently, for the purpose of self-promotion, he began to spread information that he was the tonsure and “spiritual child” of Metropolitan Vitaly, who performed his priestly consecration, and also that Metropolitan Vitaly allegedly recommended him to members of the Synod as a candidate for bishops.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Taking advantage of people's ignorance, for a long time he successfully used the image of Metropolitan Vitaly's “spiritual child” to raise his prestige among parishioners and members of ROCOR in Russia in general [4].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In December 1995, he returned to Russia and received one of the parishes (in the village of Uglovka) from his brother, while simultaneously acquiring the title of dean of Novgorod parishes of ROCOR.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

However, there is no documentary evidence of the organization of the Novgorod deanery of ROCOR and the appointment of Dionisy Alferov as dean.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He did not show himself as rector of the parish.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He was distinguished by rude, tactless treatment of his flock, was repeatedly convicted of divulging the secret of confession, using confessional to collect dirt on parishioners [5].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In his spare time from parish duties, he read seminar textbooks of the MP and church literature, including theological literature.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Approximately since 1996, Alferov began his active journalistic and writing activity in order to gain authority among members of ROCOR in Russia and in the Russian Diaspora.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He mainly specializes in pre-revolutionary Russian history and the White Movement; in total, he has written about thirty articles on these topics.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Almost all of these articles are a skillful compilation of other people's works, as well as the works of famous historians, and do not stand up to serious criticism [6].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the same time, he co-authored with his brother Timothy as a church publicist.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

The main topics of the articles written by the brothers are criticism of “Sergianism” and the Moscow Patriarchate, the defense of “Cyprianism”, pastoral morals [7] [8].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 1997, Hieromonk Dionysius became close to publicist M. IN. Nazarov, with the help of which the Alferov brothers managed to publish in 1998 in large quantities at Nazarov's Russkaya Idea publishing house the book “On the Church, the Orthodox Kingdom and the Last Time”, which goes on public sale and is widely distributed throughout Russia and abroad.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

After the publication of this book, Alferov has admirers abroad, among whom Protodeacon German Ivanov-Thirteenth from Lyon stands out, who from now on becomes an enthusiastic supporter of Alferov and in fact, his foreign emissary.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

It is German Ivanov-Thirteenth who characterizes Alferov with the title of “theologian” and the unofficial title of “ideological heir to the Fathers of ROCOR”, which Alferov begins to widely use from that moment on [9].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the same time, many old foreigners are wary of this “ideological heir”, warning that the articles of the Alferov brothers, in fact, falsify the ideological heritage of ROCOR and build blasphemy to the Catacomb Church [10] [11].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 1999-2000, receiving significant financial support from his foreign admirers, as well as technical assistance from O. AND. Nikitina, Alferov is re-establishing regular issues of the Uspensky List, as well as his brochures, which are collections of articles from the List.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Newspapers and brochures bring Alferov popularity among the local population, on the wave of which he managed to open a new parish in the city of Borovichi, Novgorod Region in the winter of 2000.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the end of 2000, after the October Bishops' Council of ROCOR, which outlined a course for unification with the Moscow Patriarchate, Alferov, in anticipation of the impending schism in ROCOR, began sharply with his brother oppose this course.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

An active participant and drafter of almost all resolutions of the Voronezh Conference of Clergy in September 2001 under the chairmanship of Archbishop Lazar (Zhurbenko), who supported Metropolitan Vitaly, sent to rest by the ROCOR Synod, and called for a review of the decisions of the October 2000 Council.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

After the Council of Bishops of ROCOR in October 2001, which elected Archbishop Laurus (Skurla) as First Hierarch, and the departure into schism of some of the clerics and laity of the Russian Church Abroad who formed ROCOR (V), decides take advantage of the church turmoil that has arisen to obtain episcopal rank.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Initially, he tried to achieve his goal through Archpriest Veniamin Zhukov, Secretary of the Synod of ROCOR (C), for which he arrived in Paris in November 2001.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

However, Veniamin Zhukov refused to assist Alferov, convinced of his love of power, passion for intrigue, inability to pastoral work and unscrupulousness [12].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

From that moment on, Veniamin Zhukov became a personal enemy of Dionisy Alferov.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Failure with Fr. Veniamin leads to a break in relations between Alferov and O. AND. Nikitina, to whom Archpriest A.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Veniamin advised to stay away from the Alferovs.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

The consequence of this gap was the complete inability of the Alferovs to publish their newspapers and brochures in Nikitina's printing house.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the same time, Alferov is at odds with his popularizer Nazarov, who remained under the jurisdiction of ROCOR.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Bishop of the RTOC


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

The Godfather of the RTOC


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In January 2002, after the accession of Archbishop Lazar (Zhurbenko) and Bishop Veniamin (Rusalenko) to ROCOR (B), he entered into a trusting relationship with the personal secretary of Archbishop Lazarus Vitaly Shumilo and, having enlisted his support, he arrives in Odessa in order to convince Archbishop A.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Lazarus to break away from ROCOR (B) and organize his own jurisdiction — the RTOC.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

This idea comes from Archbishop.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Lazarus likes it.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Alferov is the initiator of writing a letter from Met.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Vitaly with a request to grant autonomy to the Russian parishes of ROCOR (B) and the right to perform episcopal ordinations [13].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In March 2002, the representative, Archbishop Lazar, Fr. Vladimir Klippenstein arrives at the Transfiguration Skete in Mansonville to Metropolitan Vitaly with such a letter and, with the help of Victoria Rudzinskaya, receives a note from Metropolitan Vitaly with permission to ordinations.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

With this note in their hands, Alferov and Shumilo organize the Second Voronezh Conference of Clergy and Laity in April 2002, at which, on the basis of resolutions prepared in advance by Alferov, it is adopted a fundamental decision on the organization of the RTOC and the consecration of new bishops.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Using his legend of the “spiritual child” and the “candidate” of Met.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Vitalia Alferov lists himself as the first candidate for ordination.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In the spring and summer of 2002, after the exposure of the scam with the note of Met.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Vitaly, which, as it turned out, was written under the dictation of Rudzinskaya, and then simply stolen from the Metropolitan's desktop [7], and the cancellation of the order of Metropolitan Vitaly [14] Alferov on behalf of Archbishop A.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Lazarus draws up an application for refusal to obey the orders of the Synod of ROCOR (B) [15].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He manages to convince Archbishop.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Lazarus and bp.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Benjamin to perform ordinations, despite the disagreement of Met.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Vitaly and the Synod of ROCOR (B) [16].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On July 23/August 5, 2002, he was consecrated at St.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

right.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

John of Kronstadt (Odessa) in Bishop A.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Borovichesky, vicar of Archbishop Lazarus.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Shortly after the Odessa ordinations, Met.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Vitaly and his Synod declare their illegality [17] [18].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Despite this, Alferov, with the support of his brother Timofey and Vitaly Shumilo, is launching a vigorous activity on the organizational design of the new jurisdiction.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He is the author of all the fundamental documents of the RTOC [19], the initiator of the creation and curator of the official website of the RTOC and the organizer of pastoral courses in Odessa.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

With the help of his parishioners and with money from unknown sources, he is establishing a regular publication of the Assumption Leaf and his brochures for the third time.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

For schismatic activities, he was banned from serving by the Synod of Mitrolit Vitaly until he repented [20].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He refused to obey this order either.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In the spring of 2003, Archbishop A.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Lazarus for the creation of the Synod of Bishops instead of the Conference of Eminences and the organization of RTOC dioceses instead of vicariates.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Receives from Archbishop.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Lazar has the right to temporary care for parishes and communities in the Moscow and St. Petersburg regions.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

The main ideologist and “Gray Cardinal” of the RTOC


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On June 12/25, 2003, he became the ruling bishop with the title Novgorod and Tver and a permanent member of the RTOC Synod.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Since then, he has been the main ideologist of the RTOC and the compiler of all its official documents, including letters from Archbishop A.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Lazarus.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He makes titanic efforts to achieve recognition of the RTOC in the Russian Diaspora, for which he turns his Moscow apartment into an unofficial information headquarters, where personal and telephone negotiations with agents of influence of the RTOC, and where does the mass distribution of Alferov's instruction letters, copies of the Uspensky Leaf and other printed materials come from.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

As a result of his activities, such well-known figures of the Russian Diaspora as Archpriest A.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Anatoly Trepachko from the USA [21], archpriest


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

John Stukach from Australia, Nikolay Kazantsev, editor-in-chief of the Nasha Strana newspaper, Georgy Soldatov, publisher of the Vernost Internet almanac, E.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Sokolov, Chairman of RIS-O D. Weimarn et al.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He makes several attempts to go directly to Met.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Vitaly and receive his recognition, both from Odessa ordinations and the RTOC itself, but fails completely [22] [23].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

By order of the then Secretary of the Synod, Fr. V.Zhukova L. D. Rosnyanskaya does not allow RTOC envoys to reach the metropolitan.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the end of 2003, due to the impossibility of obtaining official recognition of the RTOC by Met.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Vitaly and his Synod declare ROCOR (B) a “Mansonville schism”, and the canonical and historical succession of the RTOC begins not from ROCOR, but from the Catacomb Church.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

During the same period, for tactical reasons, he began to impersonate the old catacomb and claim that in 1994 he came to ROCOR, not from the MP, as it was in reality, but allegedly from Catacomb Church [24].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He defended the theory of ROCOR and the RTOC as two “canonically and historically equal parts of the spiritually united Russian Church”, “Sister-Churches”.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He initiates the opening of RTOC parishes abroad on the grounds that the “Sister Church” of ROCOR ceased to exist, divided into two schisms: “Lavrovsky” and “Mansonville” (aka” Villemoisson”).


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Later, when such parishes open, he tries to pass them off as a “revived ROCOR”.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 2003-2006, as the main ideologist of the RTOC, he conducted active print and online propaganda against ROCOR (B) and the canonical ROCOR.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He was repeatedly criticized by his opponents for the unscrupulousness of polemical techniques, in lying, falsifying, perverting facts, distorting, personal insults and slander [12] [25] [26]


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

During the same years, he took full control of the Odessa Pastoral School, where he became the main teacher and examiner.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Gradually turns the school into a school for training people loyal to him personally, guides of his will in the parishes and dioceses of the RTOC.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 2004-2005, he reached the pinnacle of power in the RTOC, becoming its “gray cardinal”, as well as the peak of his fame in the Russian Diaspora as an “outstanding historian”, “the greatest theologian” and “heir to the Fathers ROCOR”.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

During this period, not a single important decision in the RTOC can be made without the consent of Alferov.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the same time, the bishop discovers a complete inability to work constructively.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In the eparchy, he became famous as a tireless collector of compromising evidence on his opponents both in the RTOC itself and abroad.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

After 2003, he has not been able to prepare and ordain a single priest.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

The number of his parishes has been steadily declining over the years.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Obtaining episcopal rank only exacerbates the shortcomings characteristic of Alferov as a shepherd: rudeness, arrogance, callousness, deceit, and also adds new ones: insulting the flock, assault.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

To maintain its authority, he widely uses intimidation, disclosure of confessions, slander of objectionable parishioners, deploys a network of informers in parishes, as a result of which in the Alferov Diocese an atmosphere of general suspicion and fear is created.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 2005, Alferov left half of the most active parishioners in Uglovka and Borovichi, as well as some parishioners in Moscow.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

As a result of this departure, the publication of Alferov's newspapers and brochures has been completely discontinued since the second half of 2005.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In the future, I have to distribute my writings exclusively via the Internet.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

As Secretary of the Synod


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

After the death of Archbishop Lazarus, which followed on June 17/30, 2005, at the Bishops' Council, he held his work Tikhon (Pasechnik) to the post of Chairman of the RTOC Synod, and became Secretary The Synod of the RTOC, having removed Vitaly Shumilo from this post.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the same time, he appropriates the right to manage parishes in Moscow and St. Petersburg


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

As Secretary of the Synod, he set himself the task of turning the RTOC into a structure fully controlled by it, whose jurisdiction covers not only the territory of historical Russia, but also everything Russian Abroad.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

According to Alferov's plan, in the future, all foreign parishes of Russian true Orthodox jurisdictions should become subordinate to the RTOC.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Since autumn 2005, Alferov's foreign emissaries, as well as personally the First Hierarch of the RTOC, Archbishop Tikhon (Pasechnik), whom Alferov completely subordinates to his will, have begun active work in the Diaspora in order to detach as many parishes or individual priests as possible from ROCOR (B) and ROCOR (L) and join them to the RTOC.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In three years, they have managed to attract a significant number of parishes in North America, Australia and Western Europe to the RTOC, including the Lesninsky Monastery in France.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the end of 2005, a large number of publications appeared on the Internet exposing Alferov's anti-church activities and immoral actions [21] [27] [28] [29].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Despite this, it continues its activities abroad, and in the RTOC itself it gradually seizes all the main levers of control into its own hands, turning the First Hierarch of the RTOC into his obedient puppet.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In 2006, Alferov, who discovered an insatiable thirst for absolute power, was opposed in the RTOC, led by Bishop Germogen (Dunikov) and former secretary of the Synod, editor of the official RTOC Vitaliy Shumilo's Internet site.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

They manage to attract Archbishop Veniamin (Rusalenko), the oldest by consecration in the RTOC, to their side, who is dissatisfied with the fact that the self-proclaimed “catacomb” Alferov does not take into account the opinion at all.” a real catacomb” by Rusalenko, and then Archbishop Tikhon (Pasechnik) himself, who, after several visits abroad, begins to feel like an independent figure.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Expulsion from the RTOC


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the beginning of 2007, a stable majority was formed in the episcopate of the RTOC, which decides to put an end to the omnipotence of the “gray cardinal”.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Since the spring of 2007, the publication of Alferov's articles and messages on the official website of the RTOC “Tserkovnye Vedomosti” has been stopped.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

At the summer meeting of the RTOC Synod, Alferov was invited to head the Western European Diocese of the RTOC.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Rejects this offer, considering such an appointment an honorary exile.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He was deprived of the right to manage the parishes of Moscow and St. Petersburg, which were transferred to the direct control of the First Hierarch of the RTO


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In autumn 2007, Dionisy and Timofey Alferovs, by the decision of the Synod, were suspended from teaching at the Odessa Pastoral School, which his critics called “a hotbed of ecumenical and heretical false teachings” [30] [ 31].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

After a while, the school closes due to lack of funding.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

After that, he accused the First Hierarch of the RTOC of “violation of synodality” and “usurpation of power”.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

However, despite the strongest agitation launched by the Alferovs, they manage to attract only Bishop Irenei (Klippenstein), Protodeacon German Ivanov-Thirteenth and several of their foreign laity admirers.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Without waiting for the inevitable removal from the post of Secretary of the Synod, Alferov on October 3/16, 2007, in protest, announced his unauthorized resignation from his duties as Secretary of the Synod and withdrawal from the Synod [ 32].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Since then, he has not taken part in any of the Synods and Councils of the RTOC: “We have so far been silent about the Voronezh Conference and about the Odessa Council. We did not participate in these events, without wanting public scandals and giving you complete freedom of church administration. What else did you miss? If we did share our thoughts, it was only with very few people close to us, and not in your dioceses, not on the Internet, and even then only in response to their direct requests about our situation. And they constantly contemplated how one or the other cleric or layman we know, with whom we have never quarreled, suddenly begins to accuse us of heresy, schism, even Freemasonry and Jewry” [33] .


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Since the fall of 2007, in anticipation of the impending expulsion from the RTOC, he began to look for ways to the All-Russian All-Russian Exhibition Center of Bishop Agafangel (Pashkovsky), for which he abandoned the image of the “old catacomb”, which he used several years, and again begins to pretend to be a “true foreigner”.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In this capacity, he meets several times in Odessa with Bishop Agafangel, whom he previously called nothing more than a “former Komsomol worker” and a “mentally ill person” [34].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

However, Agafangel's demand to recognize the RTOC as a split is unacceptable for Alferov.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On October 17/30, 2008, by a special Appeal of the Consecrated Council, the RTOC was called upon to “stop church sabotage” and subordinate the “highest church authority” [35].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

I ignored this appeal.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Stops the commemoration of the First Hierarch of the RTOC at the service.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

After the election of Bishop Agafangel (Pashkovsky) as Metropolitan and the formation of a new jurisdiction, ROCOR (Ag) again begins negotiations with him on joining ROCOR (Ag), which remains the only jurisdiction alternative Orthodoxy, where they are not yet familiar with its church-destructive activities.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On December 21, 2008/January 3, 2009, the RTOC Synod of Bishops for the last time appeals to Alferov with an appeal to realize the danger of his schism and to repent [36].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Instead of repentance in co-authorship with his brother, he compiled and released it on the Internet, in which the failure of his church adventure with the organization of the RTOC entrusted exclusively to the current leadership of the RTOC, and his declared heretical and ecumenical ideas consistent with the “catholic tradition” of the Church.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He officially withdrew from the RTOC Synod and formed his own “independent” church group.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On February 4, 2009, the RTOC Synod stated that “Bishops Dionysius and Irenei stopped commemorating the Chairman of the RTOC Synod of Bishops, that they appealed to Bishop A. Pashkovsky with a request to join it, that Bp. Irenaeus at the Litany in Burny remembered Bishop. Pashkovsky, had prayerful communion with the Archimandrite of the MP (who, after asking for transfer to the RTOC, continues to commemorate the Moscow Patriarch and remain part of the clergy of the MP), considering others testimonies, complaints and appeals about the destructive activities of Bishops Dionysius and Irenei” and decided to launch an official investigation into the activities of Alferov and Klippenstein in order to involve them in to the ecclesiastical court and retired them without the right to worship [37].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He did not appear at the trial scheduled for 4/17 June 2009 [38] demonstratively.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

By a court decision, he was retired in absentia and banned from serving.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He refused to comply with this decision and continued to perform services, including in foreign dioceses.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On July 7/20, 2009, the RTOC Synod, having discussed Alferov's failure to appear for trial and his defiant behavior, decided to make a final decision in the case of Alferov and Klippenstein at the autumn meeting of the Synod, where Alferov was invited to come in person for the last time [39].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On August 30/September 12, 2009, in an ultimatum form, demanded that the RTOC Synod repeal all decrees prohibiting priesthood and recognize the right to preach ecumenical ideas and theories [40].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On December 12/25, 2009, the Synod of Bishops and the Supreme Church Council of the RTOC confirmed the decision previously made by the church court.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Officially declared a schismatic.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

The former Novgorod-Tver eparchy of Alferov is transferred to the administration of Archbishop A.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Veniamin (Rusalenko) [41].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

IN ROCOR (A)


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In the spring of 2010, taking advantage of the fact that he was not removed from his dignity in the RTOC, he appealed to Metropolitan Agafangel (Pashkovsky) with a request for immediate admission to ROCOR (A) in his current rank.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

As a result of behind-the-scenes fraud and despite protests by Moscow members of ROCOR (A), who know Alferov well [42], on April 15/28, 2010, he was officially admitted to ROCOR (A) as the ruling bishop while retaining his title Novgorod and Tverskoy [43].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

In connection with his transfer to ROCOR (A), by the Resolution of the Synod of the RTOC dated October 11/24, 2010, he was expelled from the RTOC episcopate.


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

All members of the RTOC are instructed to refrain from any communication with Alferov, both prayerful and everyday [44].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He was appointed ruling bishop of the Novgorod Diocese of ROCOR (A) and Chairman of the Theological Commission at the Synod of Bishops of ROCOR (A) [45].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He managed to occupy his last position as a result of intra-church intrigues and skillful self-promotion, since he has absolutely no theological education, and was expelled from the RTOC for ecumenical theology and dissemination of heretical ideas and teachings [40].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

He officially declares that he has 4 priests and 7 parishes, according to other sources, Alferov has 3 priests and no more than 5 parishes under his command [46].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

On November 26, 2014, the Extraordinary Bishops' Council of ROCOR (A), which met in Odessa under the chairmanship of Agafangel (Pashkovsky), banned Bishop Dionysius “until repentance” “for opposing the Bishops' The Council, refusal to appear at its meetings, for recalling their brethren in the media in an inappropriate tone” [47].


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Notes


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

References


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

on the Russian Orthodoxy website


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

on anti-raskol.ru


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

author's website of the Alferov brothers


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

website about Dionisy Alferov


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Category:People alphabetically


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Category:Clergy of non-canonical Orthodoxy


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Category: 1961 births


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Category:Swindlers


Question: When was the bishop of the non-canonical ROCOR Dionysius born?

Dionisy (Alferov)

Category:Graduates and students of school No. 57 (Moscow)


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Santa Maria de Grottaferrata (Italian: Santa Maria de Grottaferrata) or the Abbey of Saint Nile (Italian: Abbazia di San Nilo) is the only continuous Byzantine monastery in Italy rite; founded by Saint Neil of Rossan in 1004.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

It is located in Grottaferrata (Lazio region).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

History


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Foundation of the monastery


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

The monastery of Grottaferrata is located in the vicinity of the ancient city of Tusculum; directly on the site of the monastery in Antiquity there was a country villa.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

The names of the owners of the villa remain unknown.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

From the buildings of the villa, a cryptoportic has been preserved, which supposedly carried a view terrace, and a crypt, an underground structure of two rooms with barred windows, which gave the name to the city and the monastery ( Latin: crypta ferrata and Italian: grotta ferrata mean “iron cave”).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

According to archaeological research, since the 5th and 6th centuries AD, the crypt served as a chapel.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

By the time the monastery appeared, its future territory was in the possession of the Counts of Tuskulan.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

In the summer of 1004, Saint Nile of Rossan and his disciples left the Vallelucio Monastery (near Gaeta) to settle in Rome.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

On the way there in the vicinity of Tusculum, Neal felt death approaching and decided to stop here.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

According to local legend, the Mother of God appeared in the crypt to Neil Rossansky and his disciple Bartholomew the Younger and pointed to this place for the construction of the monastery.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Count Gregory I of Tuskulansky, after meeting with the saint, presented the latter with an abandoned villa for the construction of a new monastery.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

A few months later, at sunset on September 26, 1004, Neil Rossansky died and, according to his will, was buried in a simple grave near the future temple.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

The main works on the construction of the monastery are related to the name of St. Bartholomew the Younger, who was elected the third abbot of the monastery around 1010.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

The church in honor of the Virgin (Santa Maria de Grottaferrata) was built and consecrated by Pope John XIX on December 17, 1024.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Bartholomew wrote the first typicon of Grottaferrata, according to which the new monastery became a hostel, unlike the early monasteries founded by Saint Nile.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

The monastery in the 11th-15th centuries


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

In subsequent years, the monastery actively developed, which was facilitated by the generous gifts of Popes Benedict VIII, John XIX and Benedict IX (the first two were sons of Gregory I of Tuskulan, the last - their nephew).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

There is an assumption that Benedict IX, who lost the papal throne due to his inappropriate way of life, was buried in Grottaferrata, although it was Bartholomew the Younger who insisted on the abdication of the Pope in a personal conversation with him.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Already in 1037, the monastery (under its Greek name Kryptaferrata) was mentioned in the papal bull.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

In 1089, on the instructions of Urban II, the abbot of Grottaferrata Nicholas I was to participate in negotiations with the Byzantine Emperor Alexei I on the unification of Churches.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

In 1122, for the first time in its history, the Grottaferrata Monastery was removed from the jurisdiction of the local bishop (Frascati) and was directly subordinate to the Holy See.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Subsequently, this decision of Pope Callistos II was repeatedly confirmed by his successors.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

In 1131, Grottaferrata became a major feudal landowner: King Roger II of Sicilian granted the monastery the Barony of Rofrano (near Salerno).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Pope Honorius III entrusted Abbot Theodosius II with the inspection and reform of the Greek clergy in Southern Italy.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

The advantageous strategic location of the monastery and its increased wealth made Grottaferrata an involuntary participant in the numerous conflicts that shook the Papal States.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

In 1163, during the conflict between Rome and Tusculum, Grottaferrata was looted and the monks were forced to move to the Benedictine monastery of Subiaco, although they continued to preserve their own charter and liturgical tradition.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

The monks were able to return to Grottaferrata only in 1191, after the destruction of Tusculum by the Romans.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

The icon of the Mother of God revered in the monastery was stolen from the monastery by Tusculans in 1140 and returned only after the intervention of Pope Gregory IX in 1240.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

In the same 1240, Gregory IX assembled a cathedral in Grottaferrata against Emperor Frederick II.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

In response, the emperor's army occupied the monastery during 1241-1242.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

During the Great Western Schism, Grottaferrata was looted several times, in 1379, a battle took place on the territory of the monastery between the armies of rival popes Urban VI and Clement VII, in 1413 the camp of King Vladislav of Naples is located here.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Despite such a dramatic history, the monastery developed during the 12th—13th centuries.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

This time includes:


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

walls of the main nave of the church (first half of the 12th century),


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

a mosaic depicting Deesis above the entrance from the narthex to the main nave (12th century),


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

mosaic depicting the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles in the Triumphal Arc (turn of the 12th—13th centuries),


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

“Fatherland” fresco of the Holy Trinity in the Arc de Triomphe (13th century);


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

frescoes depicting Genesis and Exodus on the walls of the main nave (the first were almost completely destroyed during the subsequent reconstruction, the latter were only partially preserved and transferred to the museum),


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

campanile (12th—13th centuries).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

The Abbey under the Control of Commentators (1462—1824)


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

With the end of the Great Western Schism, a new heyday of Grottaferrata begins.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

In 1432, Pietro Vitali became the abbot of the monastery, actively participating in the debate at the Ferrara-Florentine Cathedral and supporting the Union of Florence.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

During his thirty-year abbess (1432 — 1462), Pietro Vitali achieved the return of the possessions lost over the previous century to the monastery.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

On August 27, 1462, Pius II handed Grottaferrata as a comment to the Greek Cardinal Vissarion of Nicene.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Vissarion, who by this time held the post of visitor and protector of Greek monasteries in Southern Italy, significantly replenished the library of Grottaferrata (books from disappeared Greek monasteries were transported here monasteries) and contributed to an increase in the number of inhabitants.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Under him, the restoration of the dilapidated buildings of the monastery began.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

Vissarion begins a long list of cardinals commentators of Grottaferrata, most of whom were the closest relatives of the popes and therefore had significant funds sent to development of the monastery:


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

1462—1472 Vissarion of Nicaea


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

1472—1503 Giuliano della Rovere (future Pope Julius II), nephew of Sixtus IV


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

1503-1508 Giovanni Colonna


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata

1508—1532 Pompeo Colonna, nephew of the previous one


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1532—1553 Fabio Colonna, nephew of the previous


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1554—1561 Innocenzo del Monte, nephew of Julius III


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1564—1589 Alessandro Farnese, nephew of Paul III


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1589—1626 Odoardo Farnese, nephew of the previous


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1627—1679 Francesco Barberini, nephew of Urban VIII


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1679—1704 Carlo Barberini, nephew of the previous


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1704—1738 Francesco (II) Barberini, nephew of the previous


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1738—1759 Gian Antonio Guadagni, nephew of Clement XII


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1759 Francesco Borghese


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1759—1799 Carlo Rezzonico, nephew of Clement XIII


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

1799—1824 Ercole Consalvi, Secretary of State Pius VII.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Vissarion NicaGiuliano della Rovere (Julius II) Alessandro Farneseercole Consalvi


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

During Giuliano della Rovere's commendation, the abbey fortifications (walls and towers) that have survived to this day were erected, and the construction of the majestic palace began Commentators, then continued by Cardinals Colonna and Farnese.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

A significant contribution to the development of the Farnese “dynasty” monastery was significant.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Cardinal Alessandro sponsored the construction of a new coffered ceiling in the church (1577) and a loggia in the Commendators' Palace.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

His nephew Odoardo rebuilt the chapel in honor of Saints Nile and Bartholomew into a luxurious Baroque Farnese Chapel, painted by the then young Domenichino (1608).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

During the next Barberini “dynasty”, a polychrome marble retable was arranged to store the icon of the Mother of God revered in the monastery (later rebuilt into an iconostasis), and construction began new residential buildings of the monastery.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1754, under Cardinal Gian Antonio Guadagni, the interior of the monastery church was significantly changed: ancient columns were “hidden” in marble pilasters, the frescoes of the main nave were plastered, and the temple was acquired its current baroque appearance.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The inclusion of Rome in the French Empire (1809—1814), which led to the abolition of monastic orders, did not affect Grottaferrata.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The Napoleonic authorities considered the monastery a unique center of Greek culture and Byzantine tradition in Western Europe, and therefore the life of the monastery was not interrupted.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1824, after the death of Ercole Consalvi, Pope Leo XII abolished Grottaferrata's commendatorship and returned the abbots the right to dispose of the property and income of the monastery.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Grottaferrata in the 19th and 20th centuries


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1833, Gregory XVI appointed Cardinal Mario Mattei as Apostolic Visitor of Grottaferrata.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The latter undertook a grandiose reconstruction of the monastery: a new fraternal building was built; a number of dilapidated buildings were demolished, which made it possible to form a square in front of the church; a well in neo-gothic style.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

All these reconstructions of Mattei have been preserved to the present day.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Mattei's most controversial action was the construction of a new facade and narthex of the church in the neo-Gothic style, which distorted its original appearance.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

As a result, in 1910 and 1930, architect Pietro Guidi removed the innovations introduced by the Cardinal, but since the engineering documentation has not been preserved, Guidi's restoration does not pretend to be accurate restoration of the original appearance of the temple.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

On April 12, 1882, Leo XIII decided to cleanse the Byzantine rite of Grottaferrata from Latin layers accumulated during the XVI-XVIII centuries.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

This led to a change in the interior of the church: the Byzantine altar in the center of the presbytery was restored, the 17th-century retablo that closed the apse was moved to the salt and turned into a Byzantine iconostasis.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In subsequent years, Byzantine icons appeared in the interior of the church.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1903, the monastery church was elevated to the rank of minor basilica.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1870, Grottaferrata became part of the Kingdom of Italy.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Unlike most monasteries in the Papal States, secularized by the new government, Grottaferrata was declared a national treasure in 1874, and its brethren were the guardians of this property.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

This measure made it possible to preserve monastic life here.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

On September 26, 1937, the monastery of Santa Maria de Grottaferrata was finally removed from the power of the local bishop (Frascati), directly subordinate to the Holy See and became a territorial abbey.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The abbots of the monastery became known as archimandrites and exarchs.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Currently, the monastery, together with two southern Italian dioceses of the Byzantine rite Lungro (in Calabria) and Piana degli Albanesi (in Sicily), form the Italian-Albanian Catholic Church.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Byzantine rite and Basilians in Grottaferrata


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The founders of the monastery, Nile Rossansky and Bartholomew the Younger, as well as the first monks of Grottaferrata, came from the Greek regions of Southern Italy.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

They brought with them the Greek language of worship and the Byzantine rite.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The first typicon of the monastery, written by Bartholomew the Younger in the first half of the 11th century, belongs to the Italian-Greek tradition - the provincial version of the Studio Charter.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Despite all the historical twists and turns, this typicon continues to be the main rule of monastic life in Grottaferrata.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The great schism of 1054 did not affect the liturgical tradition of the monastery in any way: remaining in canonical communion with the Pope, the monastery preserved the Byzantine rite.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1579, Grottaferrata became the center of the Roman-Neapolitan province of the newly established Order of the Basilian, which included all the monasteries of the Byzantine rite of Central and Southern Italy.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In subsequent years, most of the Basilian monasteries in the province switched to the Roman rite, although initially such a transition was not approved by the Holy See.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1747, Pope Benedict XIV authorized the introduction of Latin elements into the practice of Basilians, by which time only two monasteries remained faithful to the Byzantine rite: Grottaferrata and Mezzoyuso (on Sicily).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Latin borrowings in Grottaferrata mainly concerned only the liturgy (it was served on unleavened bread) and the introduction of some additional holidays from the Roman rite; all monastic services the daily circle, as well as the annual liturgical circle, remained Byzantine.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Since 1770, the Basilian Order began to decline steadily, as the policy of the enlightened rulers of Naples and Sicily was hostile to religious orders; in 1784, the First Minister Tanucci closed most Basilian monasteries.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

As a result of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, Grottaferrata's connection with the Basilian monasteries remaining in Sicily was interrupted.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1866, under the law on secularization, the activities of the Order of the Basilian in the newly created Kingdom of Italy were terminated.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

This law did not affect Grottaferrata, as at that time the monastery was located on the territory of the Papal State.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

After the latter was annexed to Italy, the monastery was declared a national treasure, and Basilian monks were instructed to preserve this property.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In the 20th century, the activities of the Basilian in Italy were restored, and several monasteries were reopened, subordinate to the Abbot of Grottaferrata, who received the title of archimandrite of the Basilian monastic congregation Italy.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

On April 12, 1882, Pope Leo XIII demanded that the liturgical life of Grottaferrata be cleared of Latin borrowings and a return to the original Byzantine rite.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Currently, all services in Grottaferrata are performed according to the historical Byzantine books of the abbey.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Santa Maria Church


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The monastery church in honor of the Virgin was founded by St. Neil of Rossan, built by St. Bartholomew the Younger and consecrated on December 17, 1024 by Pope John XIX.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The church is a three-nave basilica, albeit with subsequent annexes; its main axis is oriented from west to east.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Facade


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Initially, the monastery church was built in the Romanesque style.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The earliest surviving parts of the building are the walls of the side facades: they date back to the first half of the 12th century.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The walls of the side naves are made of black lava, the upper level of the walls of the main nave is decorated with alternating horizontal rows of red brick and dark stone.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The walls are animated by pilasters, blind arches and windows with elegant marble carved panels.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The original western facade of the church has not been preserved.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In the 19th century, it was rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style by order of Cardinal Mario Mattei.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

During two consecutive restorations of 1910 and 1930, a significant part of Gothic innovations was removed.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Since the exact engineering documentation of the 18th and previous centuries has not been preserved, the restoration was carried out on the basis of indirect data, so it cannot be considered historically accurate.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

As a result, the facade is crowned with a triangular tympanum with three Gothic windows: a large rosette and two narrow ones.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The portico was rebuilt in 1930, similar to the porticos of Roman basilicas dating back to the 12th and 13th centuries (for example, San Giorgio in Velabro), but using four original columns.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Nartex


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Narthex, like the portico, was rebuilt in 1930, but here in its historical places are Porta Speciosa, a wooden gate framed by a marble portal; a mosaic depicting Deesis and marble baptismal font.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

All these items date back to the end of the 11th century and the first quarter of the 12th century.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Porta Speciosa is a wooden gate with primitive carvings depicting crosses and plant motifs.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The marble portal, covered with a complex carved pattern, is much more complex to decorate.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Surrounded by floral ornaments (leaves, flowers, bunches of grapes), there are figures of people and animals, sometimes fantastic, and the symbolic meaning of these images is not always obvious .


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Thus, a man suffocating a snake (presumably a symbol of a Christian's constant struggle against sin) is carved on the portal; a peacock (a traditional symbol of eternal life in early Christian painting); a human head with three faces (image of the past, present and future).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Along the edges, the marble portal was decorated with gilded mosaics (partially preserved) and glass inclusions (assumed on the basis of indirect data).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The symbolic significance of the temple gate as an entrance to the Kingdom of God is emphasized by the Greek inscription carved above the door: “When crossing the threshold of the house of God, leave behind worries and sorrows in order to worthily to appear before the Judge.”


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Above the portal there is a mosaic with typical Byzantine Deesis.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In its center, Christ Pantocrator sits on a throne decorated with precious stones.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Its head is framed by a cross-shaped halo, his right hand blesses worshipers with a traditional Byzantine priestly blessing, in his left hand He holds the Gospel open in words: “I am the door: who will enter By me (he will be saved)” ().


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

On the right hand of Christ, He will have the Mother of God, on his left - John the Baptist, with their heads bowed and their hands stretched out to Him in prayer.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Between Christ and the Theotokos there is a small figure of a monk holding a candle in his hands; it is assumed that this is an image of St. Bartholomew the Younger or the abbot under whom the mosaic was made.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The obvious semantic connection between the theme of the mosaic and the inscription above the gate allows us to assume their simultaneous execution.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Grottaferrata's marble baptismal font is a cylindrical container with a lid, standing on four winged lions.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The walls of the lower part of the font are covered with a bas-relief depicting a continuous flow of water with fish of different sizes.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

There are three bas-reliefs in the upper part:


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

a man pours water from a jug into the river (possibly a symbolic image of water — the substance of the sacrament of baptism);


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

two naked men sitting on a rock fish with a fishing rod (perhaps the apostles are former fishermen called to “catch men”; the rock in this case symbolically indicates the “stone of faith” — Christ ())


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

a person rushes from the top of the column upside down into the water (perhaps an image of baptism).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

According to the images on it, the baptismal font of Grottaferrata remains unique among the Romanesque fonts.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The meaning of the scenes depicted in it is the subject of discussion among researchers.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The water in this font is blessed annually after the liturgy of St. Basil the Great on the Epiphany Eve (on the Epiphany itself, the water is blessed in a neo-Gothic fountain on the square in front of the church).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The apse and the triumphal arch


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The original apse of the church has not been preserved: it was significantly rebuilt in the 16th century.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1882, after Leo XIII decided to cleanse the Grottaferrata service from elements of the Roman rite, the altar part was reconstructed again.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The baroque retablo that framed the venerated monastery icon of the Mother of God was moved forward from the back wall of the apse and turned into an iconostasis; the high Roman altar with steps was replaced by the traditional Byzantine.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The former retablo, turned into an iconostasis, was made by sculptor Antonio Giorgetti by order of Cardinal Commendator Francesco Barberini in 1665.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The iconostasis is a two-tier structure made of multi-colored marble.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

On the upper tier, numerous snow-white putti on a blue background imitating the heavenly vault carry an icon of the Virgin, which is kneeling by a couple of angels.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In the lower tier, decorated with numerous bees, the ancestral emblem of Barberini, after 1882, the Royal Gates and a pair of deacon doors were opened.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The icon of the Mother of God revered in Grottaferrata belongs to the Byzantine iconographic type Hodegetria.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Presumably, the image was painted by a Byzantine master at the beginning of the 12th century.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Monastic tradition states that the icon was stolen from the monastery and taken to Tusculum, wonderfully preserved during the destruction of this city in 1191 and returned to Grottaferrata by Pope Gregory IX August 22, 1230 of the year.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

During the restoration of 1904, a well-preserved 13th century fresco was discovered in the upper register of the triumphal arch after the removal of the plaster layer of the 16th century.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In the center of the fresco, inside a blue circle symbolizing the celestial sphere, there is an image of the Holy Trinity, belonging to the iconographic type “Fatherland”.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

God the Father sits on the throne (in the form of a gray-haired old man), and the Son sits in his arms, holding a dove, the symbol of the Holy Spirit.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The celestial sphere is surrounded by numerous angels in colorful clothes and belts decorated with precious stones.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The composition is framed by figures of King David and the Prophet Isaiah holding prophetic scrolls in their hands.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

David is holding a scroll with the words: “The heavens are created by the word of the Lord”, Isaiah “I have seen the Lord sitting on a high and exalted throne”.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Pentecost—12th—13th century mosaic (left side) Pentecost—12th—13th century mosaic (right side)


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The next register of the Arc de Triomphe contains a well-preserved mosaic depicting the scene of the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In the center (directly under the fresco of the Holy Trinity) is a typical Byzantine See prepared, on both sides of it sitting on thrones in a row of six apostles.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The left six apostles begin with Peter, the first bishop of Old Rome; the right - with Andrew, who in the Eastern tradition is considered the first bishop of Byzantium (the future Constantinople).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Peter is followed (from right to left) by John the Theologian, Philip, Thomas, James Alpheus, and Simon Zealot; Andrew (from left to right) is followed by James Zebedee, Matthew, Bartholomew, Thaddeus, and Matthias.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

All apostles hold scrolls — symbols of Divine law, exceptions to this rule are Matthew and John the Theologian, who hold the Gospels; tongues of fire are symbolically replaced by rays of light descending from the starry sky.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The characteristic portrait features of the apostles, the selection of colors, and the features of the mosaic composition make it possible to attribute its authorship to the masters who previously worked in the Sicilian Cathedral of Monreale.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Main and side naves


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The monastery church is a three-nave basilica, the main nave of which is much wider than the side ones, with one apse.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The size of the basilica (excluding the apse and narthex) is 20 by 13.50 meters.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The floor of the main nave was made in the 12th-13th centuries in the Cosmatesco style and is well preserved.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Particularly difficult is the decoration of the central part of the main nave, where at the time of the work, the unpreserved scuola cantorum was located — choirs characteristic of Roman basilicas of this period ( for example, Santa Maria in Cosmedin).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The coffered ceiling of the church was built by order of Cardinal Commendator Alessandro Farnese in 1577.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The caissons are alternately decorated with the coats of arms of Cardinal Farnese (lily) and the abbey (a cow feeding a calf is a symbol of mercy).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The appearance of the basilica was radically changed in 1754 under Cardinal Commendator Gian Antonio Guadagni.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The ancient columns separating the main nave from the side nave were enclosed in false multicolored marble pilasters.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The clerestorium (the surface of the walls of the main nave above the columns) was re-plastered and decorated with four marble bas-reliefs by Tommaso Rigi: The Entry of the Virgin into the Temple, Mary's Marriage to Joseph, The Annunciation and the Nativity of Christ.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

At the same time, frescoes of the 13th century were destroyed or damaged, the remains of which were discovered only during the restoration of 1904.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The frescoes on the right wall of the main nave on the themes of Genesis were destroyed irrevocably.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Five frescoes on the left wall on the themes of the book of Exodus (Moses and the Egyptian Magi; Egyptian executions: turning water into blood, flies, hail and the defeat of the originals) have been partially preserved and transferred to the museum abbey.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In the middle of the 18th century, a tombstone hidden during previous reconstructions was discovered in the floor of the basilica.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The slab does not contain an epitaph, but is decorated with multicolored mosaics: a couple of angels erect a cross, under it a heraldic shield with a one-headed eagle.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Archaeologists of the XVIII century considered the found grave hitherto unknown burial of Pope Benedict IX expelled from Rome, although modern researchers do not see sufficient grounds for such a statement.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Ferrata Crypt


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The historical crypt that gave the monastery its name has been turned into a chapel adjacent to the right nave of the church.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The crypt consists of two rectangular rooms, covered with cross vaults and connected by an arch.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

The walls of the crypt are made of large blocks of local peperino stone; in some places traces of the original plaster have been preserved.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Four small windows are cut through the walls of the crypt, covered with a double iron grille.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

It is this feature that gave the room its name: Latin: crypta ferrata and Italian: grotta ferrata means “iron cave”.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Archaeological research allows us to attribute the structure of the crypt to the ancient period.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

From the 5th to 6th centuries, it was used as a chapel.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

According to monastery tradition, it was here that the Mother of God appeared to Saints Nile and Bartholomew, pointing to the place of the future monastery.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

Farnese Chapel


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

During the lifetime of St. Bartholomew, a small chapel was added to the monastery church in honor of Saints Adrian and Natalia (martyr Adrian was the titular saint of the first monastery founded by the Nile in Calabria).


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In 1131, this chapel was rebuilt and consecrated in honor of Saints Nile and Bartholomew; the relics of the founders of the monastery were also transferred here.


Question: When was Saint Nile's Abbey founded?

Grottaferrata Monastery

In the vague 14th century for the monastery, the relics disappeared: the last time their presence in Grottaferrata was mentioned in 1300.