Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Significant research in this area was carried out by the National Institute of Oncology, which was the founder of the Department for Research on Cancer Caused by Environmental Pollution (English: environmental cancer section) at this institute and revealed the carcinogenic effect of many pesticides.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Rachel Carson with her scientific assistant Jeanne Davis (Jeanne Davis) and NIO librarian Dorothy Algire (Dorothy Algire) found evidence of a link between pesticide use and cancer morbidity.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

For Carson, the toxicity of many synthetic pesticides was clear, but it was difficult to draw informed conclusions, because in those years very few scientists studied carcinogenesis, and the results they obtained research results were often contradictory [24].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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By 1960, Carson had more than enough research material, and writing the book was moving forward at a rapid pace.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

In addition to studying scientific literature, Carson directly investigated hundreds of individual cases of human diseases and environmental damage due to exposure to pesticides.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

But in January 1960, Rachel Carson was diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer, which caused complications in the form of infectious diseases and tied him to bed for several weeks.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

This slowed down work on Silent Spring.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

By March, Carson had almost recovered and had drafted two chapters of the book that examined the carcinogenic effects of pesticides — and found cysts in her left chest that required do a mastectomy.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Her doctor recommended this operation as a preventive operation and considered that no further treatment would be required.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

But this was a mistake: the neoplasm turned out to be malignant and metastasized [25].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Despite her illness, Carson continued to work not only on Silent Spring, but also on a new edition of Seas Around Us and, together with the photographer, on a photo album.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

This photo album, English: The Sea, was released in 1961 in the May and June issues of Johns Hopkins Magazine; Carson captioned Hartmann's photographs [26].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

These works also slowed down the release of Silent Spring.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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By the end of 1960, Carson had done almost all of her research and writing work, except discussions about the latest research at the time in the field of biological control of pests and some new pesticides.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson's health did not improve, which forced the publication of Silent Spring to 1961 and then to early 1962 [27].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Carson did not immediately choose the title of her future book.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Initially, “Silent Spring” (English: Silent Spring), she wanted to name only one chapter on the death of birds from pesticides.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Carson chose this name under the influence of John Keats's poem “La Belle Dame sans Merci”, which contained the following lines: “The sedge by the lake withered, and you can't hear the birds singing” (English: The sedge is within'd from the lake, And no birds sing) [28].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

But in August 1961, agreeing with Marie Rodell, Carson finally accepted the phrase “Silent Spring” as a metaphorical title for the bleak future of the entire natural world, and not only the absence of birdsong [29].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

With Carson's consent, the book's editor at Houghton Mifflin used illustrations by Louis and Lois Darling; the same artists made the cover of the book.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

The last clean paper Carson wrote was the first chapter of The Tale of Tomorrow English: A Fable for Tomorrow; this chapter was a cautious introduction, a preface to a serious topic.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

By mid-1962, Brooks and Carson had largely completed their editing of the book and allowed several people to read the manuscript and express their opinions about it [30].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Some of them were mentioned in the book: for example, organic farmers from New York State and Mary Richards, as well as a pro-social activist who helped Carson in the lawsuit against the use of DDT [3].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Contents of the book


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The main theme of Silent Spring is the increasing and often negative impact of human activity on the world around us [31].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson's main argument is that the effects of pesticides are most often detrimental to the environment as a whole, and not only to the pest species against which they are used, and these chemicals would be more appropriately called biocides.


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The use of DDT is the first to have such effects, but this book also discusses other synthetic pesticides, many of which also bioaccumulate.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson accused the chemical industry of deliberate misinformation, and the state authorities of taking their word for stakeholders associated with these enterprises.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Most of the book is devoted to the effects of pesticides on natural ecosystems, but four chapters describe identified cases of pesticides on human health, including poisoning, oncological and other diseases that may be caused by pesticides [32].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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There was only one phrase in the books about the carcinogenic effect of DDT [33]:


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In animal laboratory tests, DDT caused suspicious liver tumors.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Scientists from the Food and Drug Administration, who reported the discovery of these tumors, were not sure how to properly classify such neoplasms, but intuitively felt that there is “reason to believe this is an early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma.”


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Dr. Huper [author of Occupational Tumors and Allied Diseases] now defines DDT as a “chemical carcinogen”.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson predicted that the effects of pesticides will increase in the future, as pests can develop and weakened ecosystems will be vulnerable to unpredictable introduction invasive species.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson proposed a biotic approach to pest control as an alternative to the use of pesticides [34].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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At the same time, Carson never called for an immediate complete ban on DDT, only opposing the excessive and uncontrolled use of DDT and other pesticides.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In Silent Spring, she argued that even if they do not produce side effects on the environment, using them too often can lead to insects resistant to them and make pesticides useless [35]:


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No responsible person claims that insect-borne diseases can be ignored.


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The question that is most acute now is whether it is possible to combat this problem with methods that are rapidly making the problem even worse, and how wise and responsible it is.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The world has heard of the victorious war on disease by controlling insect transmission, but far less has heard of the other side of the story — the defeats and short-lived triumphs that support the worrying assumption that hostile insects are actually getting stronger because of our efforts.


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And even worse, we are destroying our own means of struggle.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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With regard to the use of DDT to control malaria mosquitoes, Carson also argued that it posed a threat to DDT resistant mosquitoes and quoted the director of Holland's Plant Protection Service: “The practical recommendation should be “Spray as little as you can” and not “Spray as much as you can afford”... The pressure on the insect population should be as weak as possible” [36].


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Going out, promoting and reacting


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson and others who worked on materials for Silent Spring expected harsh criticism and feared lawsuits and prosecutions for defamation.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson, a cancer patient undergoing radiation therapy at the time, did not have the strength to defend her work and respond to criticism.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson and her literary agent tried to find more famous supporters even before the book was published [37].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Most of the scientific sections of the book have been reviewed by specialist scientists, and Carson found great support among them.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In May 1962, the White House hosted the English: Conference on Conservation, in which Carson participated, and at which Houghton Mifflin distributed advance copies of “Silent Spring” among delegates and announced the upcoming publication of a series of such stories in The New Yorker magazine.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson sent the same copy to a U.S. Supreme Court Justice, who had long been involved in the legal protection of nature; he opposed the court's decision to dismiss the claim for the use of pesticides in Long Island and will provide Carson with some of the materials included in the book [38].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Announcements and excerpts from the book began publishing on June 16, 1962.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The book quickly became popular, attracting the attention of both the public and owners of chemical enterprises and their lobbyists.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In October of the same year, it was recognized.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson then said that this book should first of all “be conveyed not to readers of The New Yorker, but to farms and farms throughout the country, to residents of rural provinces who do not even know what it looks like bookstore” [39] [40].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The New York Times published a positive review of the book in the editor's column.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Excerpts from Silent Spring were published in Audubon Magazine.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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At the same time, in July and August 1962, the consequences of the use of thalidomide, a drug that was initially considered a safe sedative for pregnant women, but led to the birth of children with congenital deformities.


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Rachel Carson was compared to Francis Kelsey, an FDA expert who did not allow the drug to be sold in the United States [41].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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A few weeks before its publication on September 27, 1962, the book caused significant opposition from representatives of the chemical industry.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Among the early critics were DuPont, which produced most of DDT and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and the company, at the time the only producer of chlordane and heptachlor.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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DuPont has released a lengthy report on the book's popularity in the press and the expected impact of these publications on public opinion.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Velsicol Chemical Corporation threatened to start a lawsuit against Houghton Mifflin if the planned publication of excerpts from Silent Spring in The New Yorker and Audubon Magazine was not canceled.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Representatives and lobbyists of the chemical industry filed many complaints and applications, some of them anonymously.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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However, the lawyers who defended Carson and the publishers were ready for this, publications took place, and then the full book was published, with an opening speech by William Douglas [43].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The most aggressive critics of Silent Spring were biochemist Robert White-Stevens and a chemist who previously worked for the same company [44].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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White Stevens wrote that “If man follows Miss Carson's teachings, we will return to the Dark Ages, and insects, diseases and parasites will once again inherit the earth.”


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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[lower-alpha 1] [1] He also called Carson “a fanatical advocate of the cult of balance of nature”; other critics drew attention to Carson's personality and that she knew marine biology well, but was significantly less versed in biochemistry [45]; the former US Secretary of Agriculture reportedly wrote in a letter to former US President Dwight Eisenhower that Rachal Carson was “probably a communist” because she was single despite her attractiveness [46].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Many critics have repeatedly argued that Carson allegedly calls for a complete ban on all pesticides — although Carson has made it clear that she supports careful and responsible handling of environmentally hazardous chemicals [47].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In the Silent Spring section on DDT, she advised to spray it minimally so as not to contribute to the migration of the substance and the appearance of pests resistant to pesticides [48].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Mark Hamilton Lytle argued that Carson wrote the book “only to impress, questioning the paradigm of scientific and technological progress that determined post-war American culture.”


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[lower-alpha 2] [31]


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The scientific community was mainly supportive of Carson.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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It was supported by well-known scientists, including Herman Joseph Moeller, Lauren Eisley, Clarence Cottam and.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The anti-Carson propaganda campaign launched by supporters of the chemical industry turned out to be counterproductive, because controversy and controversy only increased public awareness of the dangers of pesticide use.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The book was based on the television program “Silent Spring of Rachel Carson” (English: The Silent Spring of Rachel Carson), which first aired on April 3, 1963 and became the most popular after.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The program included excerpts from the book read by the author, as well as interviews with other experts, mainly critics, including White Stevens.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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According to biographer Linda Lear (English: Linda Lear), “Compared to Dr. Robert White-Stevens in a white lab coat, with a loud voice and wild eyes, Carson looked nothing else than the hysterical alarmist that the critics tried to portray her.”


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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[lower-alpha 3] [49] However, the vast majority of the program's 10 to 50 million viewers supported Carson.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Shortly after the release of the program, the US Congress issued a comment on the dangers of pesticides, and published a report on the topic [50].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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A year later, the campaign against Carson and her books began to decline [51] [52].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The spring of 1963 was one of Rachel Carson's last public appearances.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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She spoke to President John F. Kennedy and the President's Science Advisory Committee, which published a report on May 15, 1963, mainly supporting the results of Carson's research and conclusions from them [53].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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After this report, Carson also spoke at a meeting of the US Senate Subcommittee with recommendations to address this problem.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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By that time, she had become very popular and had received hundreds of invitations to give presentations in various places — but could not accept most of them due to rapidly deteriorating health, only short periods of remission.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson could no longer talk much, but took part in The Today Show and several dinner parties held in her honor.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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It was only at the end of her life that Carson received well-deserved fame and awards, including the National Audubon Society Medal, the Callum Medal, and membership in the American Academy of Arts and Letters [54 ].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Translated editions of the book


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Within a few years of its first English-language edition in the United States, Silent Spring was released in several other countries and in several languages.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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It was first published in German in 1963 under the title “Der stumme Frühling”, and then reprinted several more times [55].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In the same year, the book was published in French under the title “Le printemps silencieux” [56].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Silent Spring was published in Russian in 1965.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Silent Spring was also released in Italian (“Primavera silenziosa”) [58] and in Spanish (“Primavera silenciosa”) [59].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Book impact


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The emergence of environmentalism and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Rachel Carson's work had a significant impact on the development of the environmental social movement; in the 1960s, Silent Spring became a unifying factor for him.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

According to Carson's student, environmental engineer H. Patricia Hynes (H. Patricia Hynes), “Silent Spring has changed the balance of power in the world. Now no one can say so easily that environmental pollution is the necessary underside of progress.”


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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[lower-alpha 4] [60]


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Carson's research and social activities contributed to the emergence of ideas and the development of the environmental social movement in the 1960s and subsequent years, as well as the growth of ecofeminism and the number of scientists feminists [61].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Silent Spring has had the most direct impact on the movement to ban the use of DDT in the United States.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In the future, public initiatives to ban or restrict the use of DDT appeared in other countries.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The creation in 1967 was a significant milestone in the DDT campaign.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The organization has brought lawsuits against the US authorities to protect the rights of citizens to a clean environment, citing largely the same arguments as Carson.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In 1972, the Environmental Protection Fund and several other groups of social activists achieved success: a phased ban on the use of DDT (except in emergency situations) throughout the territory The United States of America [62].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The next success in the struggle for a safe environment was the creation of the independent US Environmental Protection Agency in 1970.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Prior to this, the US Department of Agriculture regulated the use of pesticides, which also exercised control over the agricultural industry.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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As Carson noted, this situation led to a conflict of interest: the Ministry of Agriculture was not responsible for the consequences of the effects of agrochemicals used on natural ecosystems — and in general on the state of the environment outside agricultural enterprises.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Much of the Agency's early work, including the development that came into force in 1972, was directly related to what Carson was doing [63].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The head of the agency William Ruckelhaus (William Ruckelhaus) concluded that there is no safe way to use DDT, and therefore the use of this pesticide will have to be banned, not regulate [64].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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But in the 1980s, under Ronald Reagan, economic development became a priority for US policy, and many previously adopted environmental and environmental regulations were repealed or relaxed [65].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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But the ban on the use of DDT remains in place; moreover, since 1986, it has also been prohibited to provide support and funding to countries where DDT continues to be used, as the Secretary of State said at the time US George Schultz, “The US cannot, I repeat, cannot... participate in any program that uses lindane, hexachlorobenzene, DDT or dieldrin.”


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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[lower-alpha 5] [66]


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Albert Gore, an environmentalist and former Vice President of the United States, wrote an introduction to the 1992 edition of Silent Spring.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In it, he noted, in part: “Silent Spring had a huge impact... Indeed, Rachel Carson was one of the reasons I became so environmentally conscious and engaged in problems environmental protection... [she] affected me more than anyone else, perhaps even more than everyone else combined.”


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[lower-alpha 6] [1]


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Criticism of environmentalism and restrictions on DDT use


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The activities of Carson and the environmental social movement continue to be criticized.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Critics claim that restrictions imposed on the use of pesticides — and especially DDT — have caused tens of millions of unnecessary deaths and created difficulties for agriculture, while implicitly imply that Rachel Carson caused restrictions on the use of DDT [67] [68] [69].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Former WHO scientist Socrates Litsios calls such critics' arguments outrageous.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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May Berenbaum, an entomologist at the University of Illinois, says that “accusing environmentalists opposed to DDT of causing more deaths than Hitler is more than irresponsibly.”


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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[lower-alpha 7] [70] Investigative journalist Adam Sarvana and others describe such accusations as a “myth” spread from a DDT advocacy group called [71] [72].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In the 2000s, criticism of the ban on DDT intensified [73] [74].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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In 2009, a libertarian think tank created a website that claimed that “millions of people around the world suffer from the painful and often fatal manifestations of malaria because one the person raised a false alarm. This man is Rachel Carson.”


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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[lower-alpha 8] [74] [75] In 2012, for the fiftieth anniversary of Silent Spring, Nature published a review article by Rob Dunn [76] in response to a letter also signed by Bruce Ames, Richard Tren, and six others, who claimed that an estimated 60 to 80 million people died as a result of “unfounded fears caused by insufficiently understood a testimony.”


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[lower-alpha 9] [77]


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Biographer Hamilton Little considers such estimates unrealistic, even if Carson can be “accused” of severely restricting the use of DDT worldwide by law [78].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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According to John Quiggin and Tim Lambert (Tim Lambert), the arguments of critics of Carson are easily refuted.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The use of DDT to control malaria mosquitoes has never been banned; in 1972, only the agricultural use of DDT was banned and only in the United States [79] [80].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, signed in 2001, bans most uses of DDT and other organochlorine pesticides but makes an exception for the use of DDT in malaria control — until affordable alternatives are found [73].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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But even in malaria-prone developing countries, such as Sri Lanka, the massive use of DDT against malaria mosquitoes ceased in the 1970s and 1980s — not because of a government ban, but because mosquitoes resistant to it have appeared, and this insecticide has lost its effectiveness [73].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Due to the very short reproduction cycle and the huge fertility of insects, the most resistant individuals survive and produce offspring that carry the same genetic features, which are relatively quickly replaces those killed by an insecticide.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Agricultural pests develop insecticide resistance in about 7 to 10 years [81].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Some experts argue that ending the use of DDT in agriculture has even increased its effectiveness against malaria mosquitoes.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Even a supporter of the use of DDT believes that, following the entry into force of the Stockholm Convention in 2004, which limited the use of DDT to disease vector control, the selection of resistant DDT insects began to occur more slowly than before [82].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Heritage


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Silent Spring has repeatedly been among the best documentaries of the twentieth century.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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It ranked fifth, in the list of the best books of the 20th century compiled by the magazine - 78th out of 100 [83].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

In 2006, Silent Spring was included in the list of the 25 best scientific books of all time compiled by the journal [84].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

In 1996, a kind of sequel book was published - “After the Silent Spring” (English: Beyond Silent Spring), co-authored by H.


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F. Van Emden (H.F. van Emden) and [85] [86].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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For the 50th anniversary of the book, the American composer wrote a symphonic poem, which was first publicly performed in Pittsburgh on February 17, 2012 by the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra under management [87] [88] [89].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

Silent spring

Naturalist David Attenborough noted that Silent Spring has changed the scientific world so much that it can be compared to Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species [90].


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Explanations


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Notes


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Bibliography


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CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


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Retrieved May 30, 2005


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,; U.S.


Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Question: What was the first print run of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?

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Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov (Azerbaijan: Nəriman Kərbəlayi Nəcəf oğlu Nərimanov; —) - Azerbaijani writer, prominent public and political figure [1], Bolshevik, People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs (1920—1921) and Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Azerbaijan SSR (1920—1922)


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Biography


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Early years


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov was born in Tiflis to a poor Azerbaijani family, to Kerbalai Najaf and Halima-khanum Haji Mammad Kassym-kyzy Zamanova and was the youngest of nine children [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

It was named after Nariman Allahverdi's great-grandfather, who, according to the Georgian poet of the XIX century G. Orbeliani, was a famous singer in Georgia.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Moreover, the Georgian writer Prince John Bagrationi in his poem “Kalmasoba” puts the name of Nariman Allahverdi next to the name of the famous Armenian poet Sayat-Nova [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The mother of N. Narimanov, as he wrote in his autobiography, really wanted to send him to a Russian school [3], and his father managed, albeit with difficulty, to assign his son to preparatory classes at the Gori Seminary, where classes were conducted in Russian.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The boy, who studied for three years, was assigned to the first year of the Tatar branch of this seminary and, after two years of study, was transferred to the main three-year department [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

in Menglis, he begins his diary by recording his favorite classics of Azerbaijani, Russian and world literature [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

After graduating from the seminary, N. Narimanov intended to continue his education at the teachers' institute [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

However, two months before the end of the training course, on November 20, 1889, his father died suddenly [2] [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The death of his father greatly affected Nariman, and he, abandoning the desire to continue his education, began to think about his family, because now she was left without any means of livelihood [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov graduated with the title of primary school teacher.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The certificate of graduation from the Transcaucasian Teachers' Seminary noted his excellent behavior, but the success in the subjects was average: either satisfactory or very satisfactory [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

After graduating from the seminary, he was appointed a teacher in the Azerbaijani village of Borchalinsky district of Tiflis province, but he did not work here for long.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At that time, private Russian-Tatar schools began to open in Baku.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Intending to open one of these schools in Baku, N. Narimanov, on the advice of his former seminar inspector, moved to Baku in 1891.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On the recommendation of a number of persons, including the same inspector, he was hired as a teacher of the junior department of the preparatory class at the private Baku pro-gymnasium, opened by State Councilor A. AND. Pobedonostsev.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Here he started teaching Azerbaijani and Russian languages [2] [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The director of the pro-gymnasium spoke positively about Nariman Narimanov to the trustee of the Caucasian educational district, notifying the latter that teacher N. Narimanov “is known to the Directorate as a skillful and conscientious teacher and quite a respectable person” [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov reading room


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov had a plan to create a national public library and reading room.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Together with Sultan Majid Ganizade, Habib-bey Mahmudbekov and others, he began to collect sets of newspapers, as well as works by Nizami, Ferdowsi, Saadi, Hafiz, Fuzuli, Vagif, Bakikhanov, Zakir, M. F. Akhundova, S. A. Shirvani.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

He sent letters to publishing houses, newspaper editorial offices and magazines in various countries, in which he asked for assistance in creating a library.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In response, he began to receive newspapers, magazines and books en masse not only from various parts of the country, but also from abroad [4].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Subsequently, the library also began to receive some publications banned by the tsarist government: the Calcuta magazine Hubl-Ulmatin (Strong Ties), the Ittifak (Soyuz) newspapers from Sofia, Al-Nil ( Nile) — from Cairo, Melamet (Condemnation), Terjumani Hagigat (Translator of Truth), Hezinei Funun (Treasury of Sciences), Maarif (Enlightenment) and Akhbar (Izvestia) — from Istanbul [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov's efforts were crowned with the fact that in 1894 Azerbaijan's first public library-reading room with literature in his native language was opened in Baku, which turned into an educational center for Muslim population of the entire Caucasus [5].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The exact date for the opening of this library is not fully clear.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Researchers attributed it to August 1, 1894.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

This point of view is at least supported by the information of the Baku Police Chief, who in 1897 reported in one of the documents about the availability of a library-reading room of teacher N. Narimanov, which was located in Ganjuntsev's house [6].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In another archival document, for 1895, the opening date of the reading room is January 11 [6].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

According to V. Agasiev, the most trustworthy is N. Narimanov addressed to the chairman of the school commission of the Baku City Duma.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In this petition, speaking about the library, he used the material of one of the feuilletons of the New Review, which announced the opening of a reading room by Nariman Narimanov on April 12 [6].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

According to this feuilleton, the entrance to the reading room was estimated at 2 kopecks, and for the poor it was completely free; from April 12 to October 1, 1894, it was visited by 3,833 people [6].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The first Azerbaijani librarian was Narimanov's closest assistant and pupil, a teacher.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

This library is popularly called “Narimanov Reading Room” [7].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Initially, it was located on Gorchakova Street (later ul. Malygin) in Kerimov's house, and later in Lalaev's house, near the parapet (later the garden. Karl Marx) [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The Narimanov Reading Room was very popular among the population.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The Armenian magazine “Murj” (“Hammer”) wrote: “None of the Armenian libraries has as many readers as this library has. To this number, we must add those mullahs and seids who are embarrassed to visit the library and secretly receive newspapers and magazines from the library in their homes. You need to see with your own eyes how newspapers change hands and wear out from mass consumption” [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The same magazine reported that from April 8 to May 4, 1896, 710 people visited the library, including 200 Russians, 25 Georgians, 135 visiting Muslims, 151 Baku Muslims, 8 Germans, 5 French and 40 Jews [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At the beginning of 1898, the newspaper “Kaspiy” reported:


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Library and reading room in St. Narimanov in 1897 was visited by: Muslims — 8,619, Russians — 6,636, Armenians — 4,881 and other nationalities — 3,715, and a total of 25,849 people, more than 1896 by 4,840.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

There were 326 subscribers to read newspapers, books and magazines, 42 more than the previous year.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In the same year, the library obtained: newspapers of various titles in Russian 12, Persian — 6 and Turkish — 2; monthly magazines in Russian — 4; weekly Russians — 5; Persian — 1 and Turkish — 2.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

These figures indicate the growing need for reading in our country [8].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The clergy opposed the activities of the reading room.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

According to Sheikh-ul-Islam, “the tares are taking root to the detriment of God's providence... Narimanov's library, which is recklessly allowed in Baku, is a threatening hotbed of sacrilege and disobedience...” [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov was accused of corrupting the consciousness of young people, and the library itself was closed by the government on October 5, 1898 “for harmful direction” [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Theatrical activity


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In the 1890s, Narimanov's activities were diverse.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On his initiative, charity performances were held every year in “favor of insufficient students of local educational institutions” [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In this regard, Narimanov wrote several comedies in Azerbaijani [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On January 15, 1895, on the stage of the Tagiyev Theater [9], in Baku, amateur actors first staged his drama “Nadanlig” [2], in which N. Narimanov played the title role of Imran [9].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The audience greeted the production with applause, and he himself was presented with a watch as a gift [9].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

As the Artist magazine wrote (under the heading “Foreign Theater”), “an unprecedented phenomenon was observed in Baku among the Muslim population there” [9].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The following year, an amateur troupe from the Narimanov Reading Room staged Nikolai Gogol's play “The Inspector General” for the first time on the Azerbaijani stage.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov himself translated this comedy into Azerbaijani and acted in the comedy as a townsman [10].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Samad Agha Aghamali oglu wrote in his memoirs:


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The Kaspiy newspaper published a review of the production, in which its author not only noted the “rather successful translation” of the comedy, but also highly appreciated the performance performed by N. Narimanov the role of a townsman [11].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In November of the same year, Makhmudbekov's troupe presented a new play by N. Narimanov “The trouble is from the language” [12].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On February 7, 1899, “The Broken Nest” by A. Akhverdova, where N. Narimanov played the role of Najaf-bey, interpreting this image for the first time on the Azerbaijani stage [13].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

After a few years, the jubilee commission, which will be formed on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Azerbaijani theater, will publish the book “A Brief History of the Azerbaijani-Turkic Theater”.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

According to the authors of this book, N. Narimanov is not only the first, but also the best performer of the role of Najaf-bey on the Turkic (Azerbaijani) stage [11].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In the field of press and journalism


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1899, he published a Brief Grammar of the Turkic-Azerbaijani Language in Baku, compiling it on the model of L. Polivanova [14].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

This textbook has long served as a tool for teaching Azerbaijani children the grammar of their native language [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In the same year, his second textbook, “Tutorial of the Russian Language”, was published [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov advocated the purity of the language and sharply criticized those who underestimated their language.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In one of his articles published in the newspaper, he figuratively expressed his love: “Native language! The language in which a sweet creature confesses his love to you! The language, the sonority and pleasantness of which you heard in the form of “bayu-bai”, which is imprinted in the deepest corners of your soul!” [15].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

After the closure of the first Azerbaijani-language newspaper “Akinchi” in 1877, and then successively other printed publications - “Ziya”, “Ziyai-Kavkaziya” and “”, there were practically no newspapers in Azerbaijan for Muslims [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At that time, the only press organ of all Russian Muslims was the Tatar newspaper Tarjuman (Translator), which the Crimean Tatar educator I. Gasprinsky published in Bakhchisarai (Crimea).


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Among those who were published on its pages was N. Narimanov, but this newspaper was not widely distributed among Muslims of Transcaucasia [11].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

From 1894 to 1902, N. Narimanov unsuccessfully tried to organize the publication of newspapers and magazines in their native language.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

So, together with S. M. Ganizade in 1896, he sought the right to publish the children's magazine “Sovgat” (“Gift”), but to no avail [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Also to no avail in 1899-1900, N. Narimanov petitioned the General Directorate for Press Affairs for permission to publish in Azerbaijani with a parallel translation into Russian of the weekly newspaper Taza Khabarlar (Novye Vesti) [3].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The following year, he applied for permission to publish the scientific and pedagogical magazine “Mekteb” (“School”) [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

His activities, however, were not limited to the national press alone.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At the same time, while helping to distribute oriental newspapers such as Hablul-Metin, Terbiet and Naceri, he was their spokesman.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

As the Terbiyet newspaper wrote about him: “The representative of Tarbiet in Baku is Mr. N. Narimanov, Head of the Reading Room. This gentleman is our representative throughout Russia. Anyone in the Caucasus or other regions of Russia can turn to him” [11].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The beginning of political activity


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1902, Narimanov entered the medical faculty of Novorossiysk University.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1903, second-year students staged Turgenev's accusatory comedy “The Bachelor” in a commercial port for sailors and loaders.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The director and main performer is Nariman Narimanov.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

After graduating from Novorossiysk University, he worked as a doctor


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1905 he joined the Muslim social democratic organization Hummet.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At the initiative of Hasan-bey Zardabi and Nariman Narimanov, the First Congress of Muslim Teachers was held in Baku in August 1906, at which Narimanov was elected Deputy Chairman of the Zardabi Congress.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Important issues of public education were discussed at the congress.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At Narimanov's suggestion, the congress adopted decisions on the issues of teaching the Azerbaijani language: introducing it as a compulsory subject in schools and increasing the number of lessons per week, equalizing teachers Azerbaijani language teachers in rights with teachers of other subjects, as well as the employment of teachers of the Azerbaijani language and dismissal with the consent of the public.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Some liberal-minded participants in the congress met Narimanov's proposals extremely negatively.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Baku millionaire Haji Zeynalabdin Tagiyev, who was invited the next day, sharply criticized Narimanov: “Yesterday's decision indicates that the congress is led by short-sighted people like Narimanov. Know who Narimanov is: he does not have a single penny in his pocket, he studies on my account, but here he dares to make revolutionary speeches and misleads us. I ask you to cancel yesterday's decision, as it casts a shadow on the whole nation before the government” [16].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In response to criticism, Narimanov made a vivid statement, greeted with applause from the congress delegates:


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Comrades!


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Among other scholarship holders, St. Tagiyev is also here, but I did not know that Mr. Tagiyev helps poor teachers so that they do not have an opinion.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

If so far g. Tagiyev helped students to live only the opinion of G. Tagiyev, in any case, because of my past, I cannot overshadow the present with shame: to be silent where you need to shout.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

I have not given anyone the right and will not allow me to be silent for the despicable metal, when at the same time they not only speak openly, but shed their blood for liberation from royal oppression.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Before the whole congress, I am happy to refuse the scholarship of St. Tagiyev, to be free from the tyrants of our time and that our descendants do not sell themselves for despicable gold [16].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1906, he translated the RSDLP program into Azerbaijani [17].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At the same time, as the head of the Social Democratic Party “Mujahid”, he sent agitators to Persia.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov passed exams for the degree of a doctor at a meeting of the medical testing commission at Novorossiysk University and received a doctor's diploma.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

the progressive intelligentsia of Baku hosted a reception in connection with the graduation of Narimanov University and his return to Baku [18].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In November, Narimanov joined the Baku City Hospital as a doctor.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At the end of the month, he makes a report “Hasan bey Zardabi and Theater” at the Russian-Tatar women's school [19].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On March 1, 1909, Narimanov was arrested and imprisoned in Metekhi Prison Castle.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

His arrest caused a wide public outcry.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Various newspapers — Baku on August 30, Transcaucasia on September 3, Tarakki on October 17 and others — reported on Narimanov's arrest, published requests and petitions for his release, in including a petition for Narimanov's release to the State Duma.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Poet Ali Nazmi, in his satirical poem “I'm afraid”, protested against Narimanov's arrest [20].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In August, Nariman Narimanov was deported to Astrakhan Krai for a period of 5 years.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1911, a politically exiled Dr. Narimanov assisted Mechnikov in investigating plague foci in the depths of the Kyrgyz steppe.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1912, Narimanov was elected chairman of the Council of the Society of People's Universities in Astrakhan.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

While in Astrakhan, Narimanov was actively engaged in cultural and educational work.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Baku newspapers reported the following:


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov gets a position as a doctor at a temporary hospital in the Black City.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov was appointed head of the department of the 9th district hospital.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

he is appointed as a trusted physician of Rossiya Insurance Company in Baku.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov was transferred to the post of head of the 8th hospital, where he worked before and was released due to his approval by the commissar of municipal economy of the Baku Council of People's Commissars [21].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In December 1916, Narimanov was elected to the board of the People's House, the legal center of the Baku Bolshevik Party Organization.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In March 1917 he became a member of the Baku Committee of the RSDLP (b).


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Since July 3, the Hummet newspaper, edited by Narimanov, began to be published in Azerbaijani [22].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

He meets daily with workers of oil fields and plants, gives lectures and reports on the following topics: “The Russian Revolution and its Gradual Progress”, “Political Parties and Their Programs”, “Our View on Russian revolution”, etc.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In March 1918, Narimanov was a member of the Revolutionary Defense Committee of Baku.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In late March-early April, the Baku Council, with the support of the armed detachments of the Armenian Dashnaktsutyun Party, established its power in Baku as a result of bloody events.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In those days, Narimanov's apartment was attacked by Dashnaks, and he and his family were able to escape thanks to S. Shahumyan.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov recalled:


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Finally, a Muslim deputy comes to me and asks me to stop the war, recognizing myself defeated.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

I'm calling Comrade Japaridze right now.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

He promises to send deputies.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At this time, the Dashnaks are attacking my apartment.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

I'm in hiding.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

They're taking my brother away.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

An hour later, Comrade Shahumyan and my family save me from the Dashnaks, “defenders of Soviet power”.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

After that, for three days, there was a nightmarish revelry of the brutalized Dashnaks around the city of Baku.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

As a result, a lot of Muslim women with children were captured by the Dashnaks, that is, by the “defenders of Soviet power...”... But why was it necessary to continue doing it after this nightmare story counties.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

This is the question that the Soviet authorities of 1918 in Baku must answer.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

All this made me talk about not appointing Armenian comrades to a prominent post at first [23].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov took a sharply negative attitude towards the incident.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In his letter to S. Shahumyan, published in the Hummmet newspaper immediately after the March events, he wrote with indignation that “these events tarnished the Soviet government, casting a black shadow on it. If you do not dispel this shadow in the near future and erase this stain, the Bolshevik idea and Soviet power cannot strengthen and hold out here” [24].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In a letter to V. Lenin N. Narimanov emphasized that “the civil war in Baku and its districts dealt a fatal blow to our common holy cause” [24].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In April-June, Narimanov was Commissioner of Municipal Economy of the Baku Council of People's Commissars [25], and later was the Commissioner for Public Education in the Astrakhan Province [5].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1919, at the suggestion of Lenin, Narimanov was appointed head of the Middle East department of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs [26].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs IN. Chicherin wrote in a note dated August 3, 1919: “Having met T. Narimanov, I was immediately convinced that he was an excellent leader of party propaganda and agitation among Muslims in Russia and the Middle East” [27].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Activities in Azerbaijan


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On the night of April 27-28, 1920, an armed uprising of workers and communists began in Baku.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At the same time, units of the XI Red Army crossed the border.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

During the fleeting operation, the Musavat government was overthrown, and Soviet power was restored in Azerbaijan.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

By a resolution of the Central Committee of the AKP (b), the Provisional Military Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan (Azrevkom) headed by Narimanov was established, and on May 16, he arrived at the Baku railway station by a special train.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On the pages of newspapers, “Hosh gyaldin” (“Welcome”) was written in large print [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov, who arrived in Baku, was already called by the body of the AzKP “Communist” as “the leader of the Muslim Soviet Socialist Republic”.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The newspaper wished him “to live and work for many years to come to liberate hundreds of millions of slaves of the Muslim East from the yoke of the predatory bourgeoisie” [28].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On the same day, he holds the post of chairman of the Provisional Military Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan [25].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On September 1-8, at the initiative of Narimanov, the First Congress of the Peoples of the East was held in Baku, which was attended by representatives of 37 Muslim peoples, about 2,000 people; among the delegates as honorary the guests were Bela Kun, John Reed, Ho Chi Minh, Mustafa Subhi and others [29]


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The First Congress of the Peoples of the East elected the Council of Propaganda and Action of the Peoples of the East as a permanent body, which included Narimanov [30].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The intervention of Narimanov, who sent a corresponding letter to Lenin, saved tsarist generals Mehmandarov and Shikhlinsky from repression.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On March 12, 1922, Narimanov became chairman of the Union Council of the ZSFSR, remaining in this post until December 13.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

[25] On December 30 of the same year, by the resolution of the 1st session of the CEC of the USSR of the 1st convocation, Nariman Narimanov was appointed Chairman of the Central Election Commission


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

[25] Since April 25, 1923, he has been a candidate for membership in the Central Committee of the RCP (b).


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

[25] In resolving territorial disputes, Narimanov played an important role in the Nagorno-Karabakh issue, as a result of which Nagorno-Karabakh remained part of Azerbaijan.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Throughout 1924, Narimanov, along with his state work, lectured at the Institute of Oriental Studies under the Central Election Commission of the USSR and at the Communist University of Workers of the East, collaborated with Pravda and Izvestia is preparing for publication its works about Lenin: “Lenin and the Muslim East”, “Lenin is an Extraordinary Name in the Eyes of Muslims”, “Lenin and the East”, “A Year of Work Without Lenin”.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

At the same time, his scientific studies were written: “Ways to Understand Communism”, “The National Question”.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

From April 28, 1920 to April 1922 he was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Azerbaijan SSR.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1922, Narimanov participated in the work of the international Genoese Conference as part of the first Soviet delegation.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Before leaving for Genoa, the Baku Council gave him a special order: “The Baku Council obliges you to remind the world bourgeoisie of the greatest destruction that has been inflicted on Azerbaijan civil war imposed on us by imperialism, and demand full compensation for losses” [31].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

As a member of the Soviet delegation, N. Narimanov defended the position of the Soviet government on it.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Upon returning home, he made a report on the Genoa Conference at the Congress of Working Women of Transcaucasia, ending it with the words: “... to be honest, I left Genoa under a very difficult impression. I approach the Genoa Conference not only as a communist Bolshevik, but also as a writer, and I speak on the basis of everything I saw and heard there:... The mind in Western Europe is currently held captive by capital... We must unite as soon as possible and jointly free this mind from the captivity of capital.”


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

He prepared a special book “What is Genoa?” [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Since December 30, 1922 he was chairman of the Central Election Commission of the USSR


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

An unflattering description of Narimanov's activities is given by O. G. Shatunovskaya, former secretary of the head of the Baku Council of People's Commissars, at that time secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

According to Shatunovskaya, Narimanov actively prevented the nationalization of the land, trying to use his official position for personal purposes: “When Soviet power came for the second time, Narimanov took possession of mansions. Workers of the ChON (special purpose units) protested and demanded that they have orphanages. At that time, thousands of starving children were brought from forty provinces of Russia... When we talked about this in Moscow, we were told: “We know this, nothing. For now, let it be “... Narimanov was needed to give an Azerbaijani image to the new Soviet government of Azerbaijan, which had too few prominent Azerbaijanis. Most of the educated Azerbaijanis fled from Soviet power to Iran and subsequently remained in exile. Narimanov was still a famous person and writer. And it was needed as a sign. Therefore, until a certain measure, he was tolerated.”


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Death and funeral


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov died on March 19, 1925 at 8:30pm in Moscow [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The circumstances of his death, as J.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Baberowski, are shrouded in secrecy.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

According to the official version, his death was due to a heart attack that occurred to him on the street of Moscow near the Kremlin [28].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

By resolution of the Presidium of the Central Election Commission of the USSR, work was stopped in all government institutions in Moscow and the entire Soviet


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The Board of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs declared two days of mourning in all departmental institutions of the country and abroad.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On March 20, by a resolution of the CEC of the USSR, a special commission was organized to organize the funeral [2


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The coffin with Narimanov's body was installed on the same day in the Hall of Columns of the House of Unions.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Access to his body was opened for 24 hours to say goodbye to the deceased.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In the evening, the Symphony Orchestra of the City of Moscow played [28].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The day of the funeral was declared a mourning day.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In this regard, all performances, concerts, movies and other entertainment events were canceled.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On the occasion of his death, all national flags were lowered at half-mast throughout the USSR for five minutes, from government buildings to ships of the USSR military and merchant fleet [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On March 22, the coffin with Narimanov's body on a gun carriage was delivered through Revolution Square to Red Square.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Ahead of the coffin was the commander of the Moscow Military District K. E.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Voroshilov, followed by the family of the deceased, members of the Central Election Commission of the USSR and the Union Republics, the Council of People's Commissars and the Presidium of the Central Committee of Trade Unions


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The funeral of N. Narimanov were filmed by Azkino cameraman A. Yalov [33].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On the day of the funeral at 13:00 Moscow time, fireworks were fired by artillery shots of one battery in all garrisons of the Red Army by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Where there was no artillery, military units fired a rifle volley with blank cartridges of one battalion.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Six volleys were fired in Moscow, Baku, Tiflis and Erivan with breaks of two minutes [2].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov was buried near the Kremlin wall and he is the only Azerbaijani buried here.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Chairman of the Central Election Commission of the USSR from the RSFSR M. AND. Kalinin, member of the Politburo L. B.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Kamenev, from Zakkraykom — M. G. Tskhakaya, from the Council of Nationalities — N. A. Skrypnik.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The Central Asian republics were represented by A. AND. Islamov said.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

But there was no one from Azerbaijan [28].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Ordzhonikidze, in his article in memory of Narimanov, called him “the largest representative of our party in the East” [1].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In Ulyanovsk, on the day of his death, the Kazansky Trakt was renamed Narimanovskoye Shosse (now Narimanov Avenue).


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Some representatives of Azerbaijan believed that the cause of death could be a long-term quarrel with Anastas Mikoyan over Muslim workers in Baku, but there are no strong arguments in favor of this.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Literary creativity


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov is a major Azerbaijani novelist and playwright.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In his works, he reflected the stages of the struggle for the liberation of the East [29].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In his artistic manner, Narimanov is a realist everyday life with a journalistic bias [34].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov created a number of major works of art that were of great importance for the development of Azerbaijani literature.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1895, the play “The Trouble with Language” or “Shamdan-bey” was published in Baku [35].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1896, his novel Bahadur and Sona was published, or as the author himself called it “The Little Novel”, the plot of which is based on the love of an Azerbaijani boy Bahadur and an Armenian girl Sona.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The novel caused an angry reaction among the clergy.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

This work was the first realistic novel in Azerbaijani literature [36].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov is the author of the first historical tragedy in the history of Azerbaijani literature “Nadir Shah” (1899) [37].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

For a long time, the tsarist authorities prevented the production of the tragedy and it was staged on the Azerbaijani stage only after the First Russian Revolution [35].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In the novel “Feast”, Narimanov opposes religion, scourges fanaticism and exposes the clergy of tsarist Russia.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

This work is one of the best examples of propaganda, anti-religious literature [34].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Another novel “Nadanlyk” (“Ignorance”) was written in the same spirit [1].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1915, his short story “The Adventures of a Village” was published [38].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In his literary and critical articles, Narimanov considered the problems of realism in the works of Kasum-bey Zakir, Mirza Fatali Akhundov, Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, A. Sabira et al.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

He defended realism, criticized the theory of “pure” art [39].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The author of memoirs about V. AND. Lenin [37].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

A film (dir.) was made based on Nariman Narimanov's works in 1956, and an opera by composer Suleyman Alesgarov was staged in 1962.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Worldview


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In the 1890s. Nariman Narimanov stood on educational positions and put forward democratic, humanistic, internationalist ideas, and already during the First Russian Revolution he began to lean towards the position of Marxism [ 39].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

An important place in his worldview was occupied by the question of the state, to which he approached historically, putting forward the idea of democracy.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

He wrote: “It is necessary to introduce into the consciousness of the nation that the state should serve the interests of the nation, the homeland, and not vice versa. Working people must understand that the state did not arise by the will and prayers of the divine. Enough to make him understand it. In this case, we can assume that the powder is ready, only a spark is needed” [17].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Remembering two years of struggle for the victory of the Soviet authorities in Azerbaijan, Narimanov wrote:


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

For two years, we, the Communists, while in Russia, thought about Azerbaijan all the time and took care of it every minute.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

If our bodies were in Russia, our soul was in Azerbaijan.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

We knew for sure that Azerbaijan could not exist without Russia, that Azerbaijan should have a connection with Russia.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

We knew for sure that Turks, British and other invaders came to Azerbaijan for their own interests, that they were there temporarily, and the eternal happiness of the Republic of Azerbaijan was associated with Russia [40].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Referring to the sovereignty of the Azerbaijan SSR, he noted that “all our institutions are free and independent and there is no pressure from anywhere and we do not ask anyone whether it is possible to issue such laws or no”, but Azerbaijan's sovereignty needs fraternal cooperation and mutual assistance: “Now, the issue (about independence — note) is in the following plane: the Armenian Republic is completely dependent on us, so how it will receive everything from Soviet Azerbaijan. We send oil to Georgia completely free of charge, without accounts, without everything Soviet Russia sends 25,000 sets of uniforms, from Soviet Russia we receive millions of pounds of bread, a lot of sugar and lots of other things. And there are no accounts, no accounting department for all this” [41].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

family


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In the summer of 1915 [42] Nariman Narimanov married Gulsum-khanum Mir-Kazim kyzy (1900-1953), who received home education and was fluent in Russian.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On March 8, 1914, poet Abdullah Shaig dedicated a poem to Narimanov's betrothal to Gulsum Khanum:


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On December 2, 1919, the couple had a son, Najaf.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1940, he graduated from the military school in Kiev.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

During the Great Patriotic War, Najaf Narimanov, as the commander of a tank platoon, took part in the liberation of Stalingrad and in the battles in the Donbas.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Killed in the battle for Volnovakha [43].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

memento


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Postage stamps of the USSR and Azerbaijan were issued in honor of Narimanov.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1965, a monument to Narimanov was erected in Sumgait (architects E. Ismayilov, F. Leontyev) [44], and in 1972 — in Baku (sculptor J. Karyagdy) [45].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In 1977, the Nariman Narimanov Memorial Museum was opened in Baku.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The film “Stars Do Not Go Out” [46] was shot about the life of Nariman Narimanov, starring Vladimir Samoilov.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Writer Mirza Ibragimov created the epic novel “Per-vane”, dedicated to the life and revolutionary activities of Narimanov [47].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov's memorial plaque is installed in Baku, on the wall of the house where Narimanov lived.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Today, this building houses the first building of the National Museum of Arts of Azerbaijan.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In Baku, a memorial plaque was installed on a house on Najafgulu Rafiyev Street, where Narimanov worked as a doctor from 1914 to 1917.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Now the Azerbaijan Museum of Medicine is located here [48].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov's memorial plaque is installed on the wall of a house in Moscow (Povarskaya Street, No. 11), where Narimanov lived.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

On May 28, 2013, Narimanov's memorial plaque was unveiled in Kazan, at house No. 52 on the street. Nariman Narimanov [49].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov's house-museum was located in Tbilisi, on Mirza Shafi Vazeh Street.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In December 2008, during construction work, the house was destroyed, and in January 2009, an agreement was signed between Azerbaijan and Georgia on the restoration of the house [50].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

In June 2017, after restoration, the opening of the Nariman Narimanov House-Museum took place [51].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The building of the Nariman Narimanov Memorial Museum in Baku.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Nariman Narimanov House-Museum Building in Tbilisi


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Memorial plaque on the wall of the building in Baku, where Narimanov worked as a doctor from 1914 to 1917


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov's memorial plaque on the wall of the house in Baku where Narimanov lived.


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Today, this building houses the first building of the National Museum of Art of Azerbaijan


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov's memorial plaque on the wall of a house in Moscow (Povarskaya Street, No. 11) where Narimanov lived


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Narimanov Street in Kazan


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Bas-relief depicting Narimanov on the wall of a house on the street of the same name in Kazan


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

The objects named after N. Narimanov


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Named after Nariman Narimanov:


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

A settlement in Volgograd Oblast (Russia).


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

City and district of the same name in Astrakhan Oblast (Russia) [52].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Azerbaijan Medical University [53].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Sarinsky fish processing plant in Lankaran district (Azerbaijan) [54].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Baku Children's Clinical Hospital [55].


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Streets in cities


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Russia (Moscow [56], Kazan, Astrakhan, Volzhsky, Kostroma, Rostov-on-Don, Voronezh, Kasimov, Shatura, Buzuluk and Naberezhnye Chelny)


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Azerbaijan (Ganja, Imishli)


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Kazakhstan (Shymkent, Kostanay)


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

A street in the village of Chernyanka, Belgorod Oblast (Russia).


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Avenue, district, metro station, shoe factory and cinema in Baku


Question: When was Nariman Kerbalai Najaf ogly Narimanov born?

Nariman Kerbalai Najaf oglu Narimanov

Prospectus (see