Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In terms of number and nature, the requirements in Makeyevka were very similar to the appeal of miners in Mezhdurechensk and other districts of Kuzbass.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Donbass miners expressed their support for the Kuzbass miners.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

By the end of the day, almost forty mines in the Donetsk region stopped working.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On July 19, 67 mines and mine administrations, as well as a number of mine construction departments, stopped working in Donetsk region.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The total number of miners who left their jobs during the strike exceeded 222 thousand people.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

It was reported that a telegram was distributed by General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Presidium Gorbachev and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N. Ryzhkov, in which it was noted that the decisions that are being made in Kuzbass are industry-wide in nature, will also be extended to coal miners of Ukraine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On the same day, miners from the mines of the Pavlogradugol association in the Dnipropetrovsk region joined the strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Having stopped working, leaving the necessary number of workers to preserve the livelihoods of the mines, the workers took to the streets and squares of cities.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Order was maintained by the strikers, and strike committees were formed.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Thousands of miners rallies sometimes lasted a day or more.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

New working leaders began to appear, and candidates for strike committees were nominated.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On July 20, 88 mines and several mine construction departments stopped working in the coal industry of Donbass.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In total, the strike covered more than 43,000 workers, including more than 15,000 workers at clearing faces and more than 10,000 tunneling workers.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On the same day, a strike by miners of the Chervonograd group of mines of the Ukrzapadugol association began in the evening on the central square of Chervonograd.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On July 21, all 12 coal mining enterprises of Chervonograd were closed.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The strike committee, after analyzing the requirements of labor collectives, summarized them and raised them to 41 points.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The miners raised the issue of economic and economic independence of mines, improving production structures, reducing the administrative apparatus to 50%, increasing pensions, establishing unified weekends.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

It was reported that order was observed in the city, which was controlled by members of the strike committee.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On July 22, a commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR arrived in the Donetsk region and began its work, chaired by the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Chairman of the Bureau of the fuel and energy complex L. Ryabyeva.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR V.Masol was also in Donbass.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

There was a difficult and intense dialogue between its representatives and authorized strike committees.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On the same day, Gorbachev, Secretary General of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and N. Ryzhkov appealed to the miners of Donbass with an appeal to resume work.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The situation in some sectors of the national economy has reached a critical limit.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

It was also noted that all issues agreed by the government commission for consideration of the claims of the miners of Donbass will be immediately considered in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the USSR the participation of representatives of miners and the necessary decisions will be made on them.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On July 23, an interview with Gorbachev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, was broadcast to central television, in which they talked about the aggravation of the situation led to miners' strikes in the country's coal basins.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

“REQUIREMENTS OF THE INTER-MINE STRIKE COMMITTEE OF MINERS”


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To cancel elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from public organizations.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Abolish the article in the Constitution of the USSR on the leading and guiding role of the party.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Direct and secret elections of the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, chairmen of local councils, heads of city and district departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on an alternative basis.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Abolish the practice of depriving deputies of the speech at sessions and congresses of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR by voting


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Each deputy has the right to vote, regardless of the opinion of the majority.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

These issues should be resolved at the second Congress of People's Deputies.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To express mistrust tt. Shchadov and Srebny as industry leaders who failed to pursue an effective, balanced economic and social policy.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To abolish the ongoing formalism and red tape in the work of the Ministry's apparatus.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To propose to the People's Deputies of the USSR TT. Maksimov and Lushnikov to raise a question at the next session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the work of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise of the USSR in ensuring an effective, balanced economic and social policy in the industry and immediate reduction of the Ministry's staff by 40%.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

We propose that the Supreme Soviet of the USSR invite economist Leontiev V. V. to develop a specific economic model for the country's recovery from the economic crisis.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Provide full economic and legal independence to the mines.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To liquidate the Vorkutaugol association.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Pay for night and evening work in the amount of 40% and 20% from centralized funds.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Set a general day off — Sunday.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Return the size of the northern and the coefficient that existed before March 1, 1960 (100% and 1.8), and extend them to all direct earnings.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Pay wages for the entire period of stay in the mine (“descent” and “exit” marks).


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Reduce the retirement age for women working in the North, engaged in the processing and shipment of coal, to 45 years — with a total experience of 20 years, in harmful conditions — 10 years.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Introduce a 6-hour working day (shipment, processing and transport) for women working on the surface technological complex.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

For miners of the Arctic region, set the retirement age of 45 years with an underground experience of 10 years.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Young men and women living in the North for 5 years or more should pay northern allowances immediately and in full upon admission to work, and up to 5 years - differentiated by years.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Transfer coal mining organizations to mines.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

We ask the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to issue a law obliging the Ministry of Railways to compensate enterprises 100% of the damage at the cost of production for the short delivery of wagons and in excess of the state order (under the contract), the delivery should be only in serviceable wagons.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

For those working at the UOF on a sample of the breed, who have a vacation of 45 days, set 60 days.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Establish 70% of pensions from total earnings, but not less than 300 rubles (for miners).


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

When calculating a pension, take any five years from the length of service at the request of the employee.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The 25% currency received for export sales should be placed at the disposal of the mine's STK.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Ask the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to resolve the issue of the status of a people's deputy as soon as possible (before the second congress)


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Maintain northern allowances when calculating and transferring workers and employees from one enterprise to another, as well as for any dismissals.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Disciplinary charter to abolish and eliminate MPC (permanent TB commissions).


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

When renting housing in Vorkuta, provide housing in other regions for 2 months free of charge.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To pay northern allowances to non-working pensioners living in the North.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The amount of pension should be adjusted annually as the cost of living changes.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Guarantee supply g. Vorkuta via Glavsevertorg.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Provide winter season goods in sufficient quantities and assortment, especially for children.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Abolish alimony deductions from northern allowances if the children live in the south.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Resume the construction of ZKPD-2 to accelerate the solution of housing problems in Vorkuta, and grant the right to distribute building materials to local councils.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

With 20 years of underground experience, retirement without age limit.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To accelerate the construction and commissioning by the 4th quarter of 1990 of an intermine dispensary in the village.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Vorgashor.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Grant the right to distribute vacations to polling stations.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To repeal the current resolution of the Council of Ministers on the relationship between wage growth and labor productivity.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Solve environmental problems of Vorkuta (CHP plant, cement plant, poultry farm, etc.) by 1990-91


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Set the duration of holidays for miners to 60 days, and for all other surface workers to 45 days.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Provide vacations and calculate average earnings based on a 5-day working week.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Residents of the Far North should be provided with free travel on vacation every three years, and every year they give travel days at their own expense.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Payment for tickets should be made according to the actual use of transport for travel on vacation.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Pay the strikers based on the assigned tariff rates, salaries from centralized funds and adjust the production and sinking plan for the days of the strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In case of any persecution of strike participants by the administration, decisions should be made in agreement with the strike committee.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To abolish the privileges of the administration and party at all levels of our state.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

We ask the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet to respond to the basic requirements of the miners of the Arctic region on television.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On July 24, it was reported that the Kremlin hosted a meeting between Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ryzhkov with representatives of the strike committees of Donbass.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

As a result of the negotiations, a specific program of action was drawn up for the entire industry of the country.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The protocols of agreements between government commissions and miners of the country's coal basins were accepted for implementation.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Taking into account that mutually acceptable solutions were found at the meeting, N. Ryzhkov called on the miners of Donbass and other coal basins to stop the strike and return to their jobs.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On July 25, Ryzhkov met with representatives of the strike committees of the Pechora coal basin and mines of Pavlograd, Dnipropetrovsk region.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On July 26, the Soviet media reported that “all the striking mines of the Western Donbass began work. All 12 mines of Chervonograd have started operating. The vast majority of miners in Voroshilovgrad region have started working. Without exception, all mines and mine administrations of Donetsk region have resumed work.”


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On July 29, Soviet media reported that “the commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions considered the requirements of the mining strike committees from Donetsk and Voroshilovgrad regions and signed protocols concerted activities. The government commission has begun the second stage of its work — the implementation of measures, as well as the preparation of the necessary legislative, legal and regulatory acts. The Commission reported that the decisions taken, which were sectoral and region-wide in nature, will be extended to all coal mining regions of Ukraine.”


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The results of the mining strikes of 1989


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The strikes of miners directly affected the fact that on August 3, the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR adopted the Law “On Economic Independence of the Ukrainian SSR” - caused by great problems and difficulties in economic development, the collapse of production management and the decline of many sectors of the national economy.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On August 7, at a meeting in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Shcherbitsky admitted that the main reasons for the strikes are the neglect of the social sphere and the unresolved many everyday issues, poor housing, unsatisfactory wages, supplies of food and essential goods, as well as the deterioration of the environmental situation.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On Miner's Day, August 27, 1989, Donetsk miners adopted a resolution demanding the resignation of Vladimir Shcherbitsky, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, and Valentina Shevchenko, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Consequences: throwing the flame of strikes on the territory of Moldova


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The strikes of miners of the USSR in 1989 were one of the impetus for a change in the economic and political system in 1991.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

An example for the start of the strike movement in Moldova (they were especially active on the territory of the future Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic) was directly strikes by miners of the USSR in 1989, when the strikers managed to achieve their demands, which spread to the strikes of miners of Donbass (1989-1990s).


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At the same time, strikes took place in Moldova [1], which led to the official self-proclamation of independence from Moldova, but as part of the USSR: August 19, 1990. Gagauz Soviet Socialist Republic with its center in Comrat in the south (12.11.1989, the Gagauz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was self-proclaimed as part of Moldova), and 02.09.1990 Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic with its center in Tiraspol in the east.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The strikers also demanded to draw close attention of the leadership of the USSR and the CPSU to the laws of Moldova, which contradicted the current Constitution of the USSR and the Constitution of the MSSR.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The leaders of the strikes were received in Moscow by M.S.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Gorbachev, but instead demanded to immediately stop the strike, but it was stopped only on September 21, 1989, after the plenary session of the CPSU Central Committee, which supported the establishment of a mono-national regime in Moldova.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The mining movement in the early 1990s


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Strikes continued in 1990.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Gradually, political demands appeared in the demands of miners.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On March 1, 1991, a general strike of Donetsk miners began.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The average life expectancy in such mining professions as tunneling, slaughtering at that time reached only 38 years due to frequent deaths and injuries.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At the same time, the pension for underground specialties was 160-210 rubles and was paid from the age of 50.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In 1991, the average salary in the USSR exceeded the mining salary — 405 rubles. Alexander Kalinin, a member of the Donetsk Strike Committee, said in an interview with the newspaper “Dnevnik Priazovya” (Mariupol) in the spring of 1991 that radical political demands are due to the fact that the leadership of the state with empty promises brought the people “to the fatal line”.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In March-May 1991, 49 mines in the region went on strike (40% of the total): 15 mines and 3 mine construction organizations in Donetsk, 8 mines in Selidovo, 7 in Krasnoarmeysk, 4 in Pavlograd, Dnipropetrovsk oblast, one each in Khartsyzsk and Lysychansk.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The action was supported by 22 coal enterprises of Lviv region.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Workers' (strike) committees expressed distrust of official trade union committees, demanded and achieved the withdrawal or even closure of party committees at enterprises.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Demands of Donbass miners in 1991


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The resignation of the President of the USSR as such, as he does not have a mandate of national trust, elected by electoral colleges: the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee and the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR;


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR;


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Granting the constitutional nature of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Creation of the Council of Confederations of Sovereign States with the powers of a coordinating body;


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Fulfilment of the requirement contained in paragraph 33 of the 1989 Agreed Measures Protocol: systematic adjustment of wages in accordance with the increase in the price index for all citizens countries;


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Compliance with the requirement contained in paragraph 10 of the 1989 Protocol agreed measures: provision of pensions to all workers engaged in underground work (up to and including the site manager) who have 25 years of underground experience, regardless of age;


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In accordance with paragraph 20 of the 1989 Protocol on Agreed Measures, transfer the former building of the State Technical University to a children's aesthetic center;


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To guarantee the immunity of all participants in the restored strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The mining strikes of 1989-1990 were one of the impetus for changing the economic and political system in 1991.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Cooperation between mining strike committees and the People's Movement of Ukraine


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The leaders of the mining strike committees became delegates and guests of the constituent congress of the People's Movement of Ukraine for Perestroika, one of them, Petro Poberezhny, even spoke at the Constituent Congress [2].


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

But this process did not develop — the merger of the mining and national-democratic movements did not take place, although in the Donetsk region a number of actions were coordinated by mining strike committees and organizations of the People's Republic of Ukraine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In particular, there was close coordination in the nomination and support of candidates for deputies of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and local councils of people's deputies.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In the process of fighting the communist bureaucracy, the Donetsk Regional Society of the Ukrainian Language appealed in 1990 to support the Donetsk strike committee for miners.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The latter supported the Society — a common one appeared (signed by the co-chairs of the DTUM V. Biletsky and V. Tikhiy, co-chairs of the strike committee M. Volynk and A. Kolomyitsev) appeal to the authorities at all republican levels:


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

“The Strike Committee of Miners and the Ukrainian Language Society of Donetsk are concerned about the problem around the opening of a single secondary school in the city with the Ukrainian language of instruction... Ukrainian school-lyceum in St. Donetsk unfinished premises of the House of Political Education...” [3]


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The general strike in Donbass in 1993 and the decline in the mining movement


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The beginning of the strike


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The reason for the strike was a multiple (3-5 times) increase in state prices undertaken by the Ukrainian government, without appropriate indexation of wages.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The increase in the price of smoked sausage to 30 thousand karbovanets per kilogram, and semi-smoked sausage, which was the main component of the mining brakes, to 20 thousand karbovanets, with a miner's salary of 120-180 thousands, has sharply increased social tension at enterprises.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Events were developing very rapidly.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On Monday, June 7, the government raised food prices.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At 13:30, the mine them.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Zasyadko spontaneously went on strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The first shift, which did not know about the price increase, went to work.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The second shift already knew about the promotion and almost the entire staff (about 300 people, with the exception of those who were engaged in maintaining the faces in working order) went to the building of the district executive committee.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

When the column approached the building of the district executive committee, the district leaders already knew about the incident.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The chairman of the executive committee Rybakov went to the miners to listen to their demands.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Since no one was preparing for the strike, the speeches were divided, the demands were vague and uncertain.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

By order of Rybakov, the miners were given a paper so that they could clearly formulate what they actually wanted.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

By 16:00, the following requirements were finalized:


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

REQUISITIONS


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

residents of independent Ukraine


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Due to the increase in prices, and, consequently, the decrease in our standard of living, we cannot and do not want to starve to death.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

WE REQUIRE:


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To consider immediately the Supreme Council the issue of reducing the predatory income tax.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Review the issue of prices (regional price differences and their astronomical figures).


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Consider to the Supreme Council the issue of paying wages, in the absence of cash produced by the products, with subsequent permission to sell them.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The Supreme Council should consider the law on declaring the income of every citizen of Ukraine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

It is imperative to raise the minimum pension and wage to a normal standard of living.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The resignations of the Supreme Soviet, since the current one is not the will of the people.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To abolish government decrees aimed at reducing the living standards of Ukrainian citizens.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To index deposits of the population.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Forming the state budget from the bottom up.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Members of the city strike committee contacted trade unions, and sometimes mine directors, and asked for support.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Since the directors found themselves in the same hopeless situation as the workers, there was no need to persuade anyone.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

However, on the first day, not a single mine, except for the mine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Zasyadko, did not stop completely.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The spread of the strike


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In the evening, when the third shift of the mine to them.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Zasyadko and delegations from five mines arrived at the city square, and at the initiative of the city strike committee, representatives of the mines were elected in order to discuss “under what we are on strike”, that is, to determine priorities.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

After an hour of discussion, at the suggestion of Mikhail Krylov, co-chairman of the strike committee, it was decided to focus on three main requirements:


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Regional autonomy.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Referendum on confidence in Soviets at all levels.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Referendum on confidence in the President.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On the second day, strike committees began to appear at the striking enterprises, and the initial element gradually began to enter an organized course.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

A group of 5 people was elected from representatives of the mines located on the square to negotiate on behalf of the city with the government commission, which arrived in Donetsk on the evening of June 8.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Negotiations with the Government Commission


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The commission of 11 people, headed by Deputy Prime Minister Viktor Pynzenyk, refused to discuss the political demands of the strikers, citing its incompetence to resolve such issues and proposed the initiative group to state economic requirements.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

After such a statement, the initiative group left the premises, as there was a decision taken by the “square” not to enter into negotiations on economic issues until political issues were resolved.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The negotiations were continued by the general directors of coal concerns in the Donetsk region and the directors of the largest enterprises in Donetsk, headed by the mayor Yefim Zvyagilsky (who worked two months ago Director of the mine them. Zasyadko).


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The directors formulated demands, which were then considered by the government as demands of the striking miners.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

One PRUP representative was also present, which allowed Pynzenyk to state that “trade union representatives participated in the negotiations”.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On June 9, performances continued in the city square.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

It was decided to send representatives from mines to industrial enterprises in Donetsk in order to help labor collectives join the strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

A demand was sent to the President to speak on national television, and therefore the square was waiting for what the President would say.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk spoke only in the evening of June 10.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In his 35-minute speech, he did not even mention the events in Donbass, vaguely hinting at some forces that take advantage of the differences between the eastern and western regions of Ukraine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On Friday, June 11, 202 mines went on strike in Donbass.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

After Kravchuk's speech, the city strike put forward a demand to establish control over the banks of the region so that the funds were not transferred to Kiev.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In the afternoon, the City Coordination Council (CC) (72 people, including 3 women) was elected and its first meeting was held, where a working group of 7 people was elected, officially who took the lead in the strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

By this time, many representatives of other cities contacted Donetsk as the center of the strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In turn, the Donetsk city strike team did a lot to coordinate the actions of the strikers in different cities and regions.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On June 12 and 13, the strikers did not take any action.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

People began to treat the strike as everyday as they did to work — most of them left for summer cottages and garden plots.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On weekends, the square was boiling over low heat and was waiting for a meeting of the Verkhovna Rada session.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In the evening of June 12, local television broadcast a message about the appointment of Yefim Zvyagilsky as the mayor of Donetsk as First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

This gave rise to rumors that the strike at the mine to them.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Zasyadko was provoked “from above”, which sowed mistrust among the strikers.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Yefim Zvyagilsky, for his part, began to persistently offer the strikers to sit down at the negotiating table.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At the same time, he invited directors of enterprises and “generals” of coal concerns to a conversation and made an attempt to enlist their support.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The leaders of the strike knew about this meeting and were in constant tension, not excluding the possibility of reaching an agreement between the directors and Zvyagilsky.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Psychological pressure was very strong, as many understood that Zvyagilsky could agree with directors and official trade unions behind the strikers.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

However, the directors did not dare to go against the workers.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On June 13, the information blockade was broken.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At the meeting of the Constitutional Court, it was announced that Ukrainian television transmitted full information on Donetsk, Gorlovka and other cities for the whole week.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Donetsk television began to objectively cover the course of the strike three days after it began.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The general mood was as follows: things got off the ground, the silence of the central media was broken, and the pressure must continue.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The demonstration should become a powerful factor of influence on the government and the Verkhovna Rada, and the outcome of the strike will depend on its mass character and organization.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The strikers decided that even if negotiations on economic issues begin, the strike should not be suspended.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

By this time, one feature had manifested itself — constant rallies in squares — only in mining (and even then not in all) cities.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In other cities, they went on strike at enterprises, and did not dare to go to the squares.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

This allowed the Ukrainian and city authorities to pretend that nothing is happening.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On June 14, at 10:00, a crowded rally begins.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

It is impossible to calculate the total number of participants.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At 12:00, a meeting of the interregional coordination center began in the building of the socio-political center adjacent to the city executive committee.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The political demands signed by the representatives of the ICC were faxed to the Supreme Council in order to “put pressure” on the session, which began at 16:00.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The session was broadcast on the radio, many hours of discussions between the deputies on this day did not lead to anything.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On June 15, President Leonid Kravchuk puts forward an initiative to hold a referendum on confidence in the President, assuming that this issue will not be resolved positively by the Supreme Council.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The Constitutional Court of Donetsk holds its meeting and declares to the Supreme Council of Ukraine that if a decision is not made on June 15, 1993 on the political demands approved at the city rally on June 8, the Constitutional Court is forced to take tougher measures of civil disobedience:


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Picket banks and enterprises.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Hold a sit-in on the main highways at the entrance to Donetsk (June 18).


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Organize a march of “empty pots” (June 17).


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Send representatives to the cities of Kramatorsk and Mariupol to intensify strike activities there.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Identify the branches of the national economy working for the life support of the city.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Establish contact with the striking enterprises in Kiev.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To give the Donetsk Coordination Council the status of a legal entity with the opening of a bank account and the creation of a strike fund on its basis.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Send representatives to non-striking enterprises in Donetsk to campaign in order to connect these enterprises to the strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

To appeal to international trade unions with a request to support the striking workers of Donbass


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

As expected, following the results of the vote, the proposal for a referendum did not pass at the session.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The Constitutional Court, with the help of the city strike committee, began to prepare for an action of civil disobedience.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On June 17, a march took place, which, by all accounts, was more numerous than the previous one.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

According to press reports, “the strike launched by Donetsk miners has become universal in Ukraine. There are 230 out of 250 mines, about 40 mine construction departments, 400 enterprises of the metallurgical, machine-building, chemical industries and other industries.”


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At 11:00 a.m., the issue of the referendum was resolved.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At 18:15, negotiations begin with the second government commission headed by Yefim Zvyagilsky.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Of the 34 demands put forward by the strikers, many related to financial issues could not be resolved on the spot, and consultations with Prime Minister Leonid Kuchma were required.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

By midnight, eight such requirements were collected regarding an increase in the minimum wage, payment of cash, a decrease in the percentage of contributions to the budget of Ukraine, indexation of wages, etc. The negotiators dispersed at the first hour of the morning, securing Zvyagilsky's promise to call Kuchma at 8 am to resolve the most important financial issues.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On June 18, Zvyagilsky announced the results of his conversation with Kuchma.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In addition to increasing the tariff scale of the first category to 20,700 karbovanets and promises to increase the salaries of miners to 300-400 thousand karbovanets, no progress has been observed.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Raise the level of the minimum wage, from which numerous accruals come, material assistance, etc. (in total, there are surcharges and payments from the minimum wage under 12 laws adopted in Ukraine), the government commission refused, answering “There is no money in Ukraine”.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At the same time, the part of the requirements that took into account the interests of the directors and was aimed at returning fines to state-owned enterprises for exceeding consumption funds, subsidies, etc., was adopted.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The directors received what they demanded and ceased to be the party interested in continuing the strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The end of the strike


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The working group of the ICC decided to suspend the strike and start working on June 19.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

After the protocol signed by the government commission and the MCC working group was read out at 1 am on 19 June, it was booed by miners standing in the square who decided to continue the strike .


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The strike has entered a spontaneous phase.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The mines began to put pressure on workers.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

At most mines, buses carrying people to the square were no longer provided.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Telephone communication between the mines has been disconnected.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Radical strikers are trying to send representatives from the square to enterprises in order to drag them back into the strike, but this idea fails.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

There is no communication, no transport, no organization.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On June 19, in the morning, as usual, there is a rally.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

However, there is no connection between the mines, and no one knows who is on strike in the city or who is not, let alone other cities.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In the evening, only representatives of the mines remain on the square.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Zasyadko, Lidiivka and them.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Skochinsky.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On the morning of June 20, the strike ended.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Strike results


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The question of the referendum hung in the air, and by autumn it was completely removed — the government made a statement that in the current situation it was deadly ruinous to hold a referendum.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The increase in prices did not save the government; workers only temporarily adjusted their miserable budgets as a result of the strike — within two months the government again carried out a centralized increase in prices.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The only person who won as a result of this strike was Yefim Zvyagilsky.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Four months before the strike, he was the director of the mine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Zasyadko.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Two months before the events, Zvyagilsky was elected mayor of Donetsk.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On the fourth day of the strike, he is appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of Ukraine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Two months later, on September 7, prices for basic food and manufactured goods were increased by an average of 3 times, while maintaining the previous level of wages among the population, which nullified everything strike achievements.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Miners' trips to Kyiv


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In 1993-1999, mining trade unions, after unsuccessful attempts to negotiate with local and state authorities, organized trips of miners to Kiev, but since the delivery of a large number of people to the capital requires a lot of money, so in most cases, a walking mode of transportation is chosen.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Miners' hiking trips to Kiev became a form of protest by Ukrainian miners against months of wage arrears.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Timeline


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

June 1993 — due to non-payment of wages, the entire Western Donbass went on strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Power engineers, metallurgists and machine builders joined the strikers — the total number of strikers reached 1.5 million people.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The mining march to Kiev in 1993 led to the decision on early presidential elections.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

July 15, 1996 — A mining strike engulfed more than a third of the country's mines, including those located in Western Ukraine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The reason: the government announced that 50 coal mines in Ukraine will be closed in 1996.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Lviv miners go on foot to the capital.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

April-June 1996.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

April 1, 1998 — due to eight to ten months of wage arrears in Western Donbass, all mines stopped.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On May 15, miners of Pershotravensk, Ternovka and Pavlograd began a hiking campaign, which grew into a general strike of miners in the Western Donbass.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The miners, having entered Dnepropetrovsk, set up a tent camp near the buildings of the Regional Council and the regional state administration.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

But almost two weeks of knocking helmets on the asphalt did not give results.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

A thousandth column of miners went on a campaign to Kiev.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The column moved to the capital for almost three weeks.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

They were stationed on Trukhanov Island, where they picketed, knocked helmets in front of the Verkhovna Rada, the Cabinet of Ministers, and the Presidential Administration.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

As a result, arrears on current wages, recourse claims and lump-sum benefits were repaid, and the debts of previous years were restructured.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

July 1999 — 1,326 Luhansk miners go to the government on foot.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

We went to Donetsk, where the department of the Coal Ministry was located.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Since March 22, more than 200 disabled miners picketed the building of the Minugleprom in Kyiv and the Verkhovna Rada.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On March 24, 129 participants of the picket announced their intention to start a hunger strike.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Two columns of wives and children of Krasnodon miners are heading to Kiev on foot.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In total, more than 700 women and about 130 children took part in the campaign.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The requirements are the same — payment of months of debt.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

June-September 2002 — On July 16, about 900 miners from all coal regions of Ukraine (Donetsk, Lugansk, Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovograd, Lviv and Volyn) arrived in Kiev, where they began picketing of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The main requirement is to pay for coal.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

They stayed in Kiev for more than a month, setting up a camp on Trukhanov Island.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Despite several campaigns, only the 1993 campaign turned out to be the most effective for the mining movement, at the same time becoming their major movement.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The scale of the phenomenon of the mining movement declined significantly in the following years.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

The act of self-immolation of miner Alexander Mikhalevich


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In July-August 1998, in Lugansk, miners of the Krasnodon mines named after M.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Barakov, “Duvannaya”, “Krasnodarskaya-Yuzhnaya” and “Sukhodolskaya-Vostochnaya” picketed the regional state administration and the regional council, whose heads were then Alexander Efremov and Viktor Tikhonov, demanding pay off wage arrears for 2.5 years.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On August 24, on the Independence Day of Ukraine, protesters were dispersed.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

For the first time in independent Ukraine, special means were used against participants in a peaceful rally: batons and tear gas.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

As a result of the collision, 22 miners, 12 Berkut officers and 3 police officers were injured.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

[4] [5] [6]


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On December 14, at four in the morning, in protest against the actions of the authorities and bullying on the part of the administration of the mine.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Barakov, who owes a salary since 1996, a desperate miner Alexander Mikhalevich (Ukrainian: Oleksandr Mikhalevich) committed an act of self-immolation.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

In the note, he noted:


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

I can't stand it anymore and wait for any promises, and I don't believe in the repayment of debts on December 15.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

That's why I decided to do this.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

We are tired of bullying on the part of the mine managers and the administration.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

This is not an option in life, but maybe my action will solve things more quickly.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

I'm sober myself and in normal condition.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

I'm responsible for my actions.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

On December 17, all debts were repaid.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Every year, on August 24 and December 14, in Lugansk, miners and journalists unofficially honor the memory of the events of 1998.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

After those events in Luhansk Oblast, several more miners tried to commit suicide in order to force the authorities to pay off their wage arrears.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

See also


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Strikes by Soviet miners in 1989


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

History of Ukraine


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

People's Movement of Ukraine


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Consultative survey in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts on March 27, 1994


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Transnistrian conflict


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Notes


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Sources


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Agapov V. L. Shakhtarsky colleges in the minds of the krizy 1976—1991 pp.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Monograph.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

— Donetsk: Svit books.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

— 663 p.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

//Tape.


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

ru, 28.07.2015 (interview)


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Category:History of Ukraine


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Category:Strikes in the USSR


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Category:History of Donetsk Oblast


Question: When did miners of all coal mining enterprises of the city begin a strike in Mezhdurechensk?

Strikes of Donbass miners (1989-1990s)

Category:Miner strikes


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Audio description (audio description) is a laconic description of an object, space or action that is incomprehensible to the blind (visually impaired) without special verbal explanations.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

For the first time, audio description (TKN) was organized in the USSR in Moscow in 1978. The emergence and formation of TKN was almost simultaneous and went in parallel both in the West and in the Soviet Union until the era of perestroika.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Since these processes did not overlap, two terms appeared that denote this activity: TKN — in the USSR, and audio description (for the blind) — abroad.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The concept of audio description and audio description


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Audio description is a laconic description of an object, space or action that is incomprehensible to the blind (visually impaired) without special verbal explanations.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Typhlocomment (TC) is targeted information specially prepared for the blind (visually impaired) to replace (or supplement) visual information perceived by the sighted person and which, due to blindness inaccessible (or inaccessible) to the blind (visually impaired) *.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The term “audio description”, which was introduced into circulation by S. N. Vanshin in 2002, is a broader concept than “audio description”, as it implies the use of not only sound TC, but also written, printed (for example, a description for the blind paintings, photographs, geographical map, drawing, etc.) made on paper.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

It is incorrect, according to the translation from English, in which the term is used much longer, audio description is a sound (audio) description of the visual series and the action of the performance.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The use of the term “audio description” (from Latin audio - I hear and Latin description - describe) is not indisputable due to the fact that it is originally associated with sound recording technology, so it remains in meaning to the side, an oral description for the blind — a direct TKN, as well as a written presentation of the TC (for example, to a picture, photograph, geographical map, etc.).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Types of audio description


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

prepared (direct or automatic, while direct TKN can be both prepared and hot);


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

hot (direct only)


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

TKN can be direct and automatic.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In the first case, the TC is transmitted directly to the blind, the commentator personally monitors the correct ratio of the film's soundtrack and the TC.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In the second, the text of the TC is prepared in advance and recorded, and at the movie show, special equipment automatically synchronizes the soundtrack of the film and the sound recording of the TC in an acceptable for moviegoers ratio.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Preliminary work on the TC helps the typhlo-commentator (TCR) to prepare well for work, which is why it is called a prepared TC.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Hot TKN is a situation when you have to act without prior preparation.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

TKN is divided into types according to the type of event it accompanies:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

when attending musical performances;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

at the theater;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

at concerts, pop performances, shows;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

at the circus;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

at sports competitions;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

at the cinema;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

TKN TV shows;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

at a fashion show;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

in museums and exhibitions.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In cases of visiting theaters, concert halls, stadiums, museums, two options for TKN are possible:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

group using the equipment used for the guide and excursionists;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

individual, when commenting is provided for one, maximum two people.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The history of the development of audio description in Russia


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In fact, the TC was radio reports from various competitions of sports commentators that have been held in our country since the late 1920s.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The first radio commentator was the famous radio journalist Vadim Sinyavsky.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Radio reports from football matches, from the place of the most important political, public, scientific events also contain information that can be attributed to the TC, since radio listeners, without visual information, are forced to rely on their hearing and on the explanations of the journalist leading the radio report.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Such explanations are identical to the TC and fully meet the needs of the blind.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Another example of bringing additional information, which can also be attributed to the TKN, is the radio broadcasting of performances from drama and musical theaters, which was practiced on the All-Union Radio between 1935 and 1991 years.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

This includes audio recordings of performances with explanatory text from the presenter.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

As in radio reports, explanatory information is also provided here, due to the lack of visual information, and in order to attract the perception of listeners to the perception of the imagination, which can be considered identical to the TC.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The situation was relatively worse with the broadcast of concerts, during which the presenters reported only the names of the performers, authors and the title of the work.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

This was not enough to understand what was happening on stage (dance movements, communication between the audience and the performer, theatrical scenes remained for radio listeners without explanation).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

It is more difficult for visually impaired people to take advantage of the achievements of cinema and television.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Silent movies were not available to the blind at all.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

From 1928 to 1930, talkies quickly spread around the world, and the picture changed: now the blind in the cinema hall listened to the actors and could get an idea of the plot of the film from the soundtrack.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Unfortunately, this did not always work out: silent scenes, non-verbal sound, deceptive actions of the characters, etc. Too often excluded the possibility for a blind person to make a complete performance for himself not only about the events, about the plot, but also about the movie itself, if someone did not explain to the blind what was happening during the movie show or after it.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The desire to explain to the blind what was happening on the movie screen was quite natural.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The growing amount of visual information on TV screens, cinemas, concert venues, VCRs, art exhibitions seemed to press with its mass and invited the sighted to do this information in the property of the blind.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Therefore, at the Central Printing Training and Production Enterprise of the Moscow City Council of the All-Russian Society of the Blind (CPUPP MGP VOS), which specialized in production” talking” book, the idea was born in the late 70s to publish phonograms of films in the format of a “talking” book with the overlay of sound recordings of pre-prepared explanations for the blind.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

This opened up the opportunity for the blind to get acquainted with the achievements of cinematography through sound films available to them.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

A sound film is a soundtrack of a movie or video recorded in a special protected format of “talking” books for the blind with a TC overlay.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In the late 70s and early 80s, equipment for direct TKN was deployed in two cinemas in Moscow (the Burevestnik cinema and the Central House of Culture of the VOS).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Now all blind people sitting in these cinemas could hear explanations of what was happening on the screen through headphones.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In theaters with audio description, the situation is worst.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Despite the existing request and training of audio commentators, there are few performances available to blind people.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

One of the reasons is the lack of a system and organization that would create a partner network of theaters in which audio commentary would be independently created.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

USSR — Pioneer of audio description


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

For the first time, a film with a TC for the Blind was shown at the end of 1978 at the Burevestnik cinema in Moscow by a group of specialists from the All-Russian Society of the Blind under the guidance of a candidate Technical Sciences Vadim Alexandrovich Usyk, head of the laboratory at the Research Institute of Medical Instrumentation, and with the participation of the blind, editor-in-chief of the sound journal of the Moscow City Government VOS “Mayak” A. AND. Lapshina.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

This cinema was equipped with an inductive loop system to transmit the enhanced soundtrack of the film to people with hearing impairment through their hearing aids.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Therefore, in order to convey a comment to the blind, it was enough to distribute pocket hearing aids to them and connect a TCR microphone located in the camera room to the inductive loop amplifier.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The first TKR was Anatoly Ivanovich Chechetin, Candidate of Art History, Associate Professor of the Moscow State Institute of Culture, who was an actor by education.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The first film to which the organizers decided to invite the blind was a two-part costume historical melodrama Cleopatra produced in the United States.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

And then there were such films as “Mimino”, “Autumn Marathon”, “3+2” and a number of others.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

A total of ten films were shown, after which, unfortunately, this project was curtailed for organizational and financial reasons.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

One of the reasons for the curtailment of work at Burevestnik was the insufficient quality of the shopping center, since the work began from scratch, and there were no ideas about the requirements for such activities.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

A little later, the TKN of films was transferred from the “Petrel” to the Central House of Culture of the VOS, where in 1979-1984 some films of previous years were shown.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

TKN was held in the cinema hall of the CDK VOS.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The repertoire of the cinema depended on what copies of feature films they managed to get.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

For this reason, films that have mostly already been released in the USSR appeared on the screen in the CDK.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The quality of the comments turned out to be even lower, and there were not many viewers at the sessions.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In the late 80s, at the initiative of V. A. Usyk tested another method of TKN, when the Mosfilm studio made (in a single copy) a copy of the film “Chronicle of a Dive Bomber” with an overlay on the soundtrack of the TC film.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

During the film show, this copy provided the sound in the hall not only of the sound track of the film, but also of the corresponding TC.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The TC for the blind, transmitted to the hall at the same time as the soundtrack of the film, was not always convenient for ordinary viewers.