Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Maintaining the correct spatial structure of proteins is essential for their normal functioning.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Incorrect folding of proteins, leading to their aggregation, can be caused by mutations, oxidation, stressful conditions, or global changes in cell physiology.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Protein aggregation is a characteristic sign of aging.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Improper protein folding is believed to cause or exacerbate diseases such as cystic fibrosis, as well as neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's, Huntington, and Parkinson's diseases) [ 55].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In the process of evolution, cells have developed four main mechanisms to counter protein aggregation.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The first two — re-folding (refolding) with chaperones and cleavage by proteases — occur in both bacteria and higher organisms.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Autophagy and the accumulation of improperly folded proteins in special non-membrane organelles are characteristic of eukaryotes [26] [56].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Chaperones


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The ability of proteins to restore the correct three-dimensional structure after denaturation made it possible to hypothesize that all information about the final structure of the protein is contained in its amino acid sequences.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Currently, it is generally accepted that a stable protein conformation has minimal free energy compared to other possible conformations of this polypeptide [57].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

There is a group of proteins in cells whose function is to ensure the correct folding of other proteins after their synthesis on the ribosome, restore the structure of proteins after their damage, and create and dissociation of protein complexes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

These proteins are called chaperones.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The concentration of many chaperones in the cell increases with a sharp increase in ambient temperature, so they belong to the Hsp group (English: heat shock proteins) [58].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The importance of the normal functioning of chaperones for the functioning of the body can be illustrated by the example of chaperone α-crystallin, which is part of the lens of the human eye.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Mutations in this protein lead to clouding of the lens due to protein aggregation and, as a result, to cataracts [59].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Proteolysis


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

If the tertiary structure of proteins cannot be restored, they are destroyed by the cell.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Enzymes that degrade proteins are called proteases.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

At the site of attack, the substrate molecule proteolytic enzymes are divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases:


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Endopeptidases, or proteases, break down peptide bonds within the peptide chain.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

They recognize and bind short peptide sequences of substrates and hydrolyze bonds between certain amino acid residues relatively specifically.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Exopeptidases hydrolyze peptides from the ends of the chain: aminopeptidases from the N-end, carboxypeptidases from the C-terminus.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Finally, dipeptidases only break down dipeptides.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

According to the mechanism of catalysis, the International Union for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology identifies several classes of proteases, including serine proteases, asparagine proteases, cysteine proteases and metalloproteases [60].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

A special type of protease is proteasome, a large multisubunit protease present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria [61] [62].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In order for the target protein to be broken down by the proteasome, it must be labeled by attaching a small ubiquitin protein to it.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The ubiquitin addition reaction is catalyzed by ubiquitin ligases enzymes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The attachment of the first ubiquitin molecule to the protein serves as a signal for the ligas to further attach ubiquitin molecules.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

As a result, a polyubiquitin chain is attached to the protein, which binds to the proteasome and ensures the breakdown of the target protein [61] [62].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In general, this system is called ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The degradation of 80—90% of intracellular proteins occurs with the participation of a proteasome.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Protein degradation in peroxisomes is important for many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, regulation of gene expression, and response to oxidative stress.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Autophagy


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Autophagy is the process of degradation of long-lived biomolecules, in particular proteins, as well as organelles in lysosomes (in mammals) or vacuoles (in yeasts).


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Autophagy accompanies the vital activity of any normal cell, but incentives for enhancing autophagy processes in cells can be a lack of nutrients, the presence of damaged ones in the cytoplasm organelles and, finally, the presence in the cytoplasm of partially denatured proteins and their aggregates [63].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

There are three types of autophagy: microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperon-dependent autophagy.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In microautophagy, macromolecules and fragments of cell membranes are captured by the lysosome.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In this way, the cell can digest proteins when there is a lack of energy or building material (for example, during starvation).


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

But microautophagy processes occur under normal conditions and are generally indiscriminate.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Sometimes organoids are also digested during microautophagy; for example, yeast describes peroxisome microautophagy and partial microautophagy of the nuclei, in which the cell remains viable [63].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In macroautophagy, a section of the cytoplasm (often containing any organoids) is surrounded by a membrane compartment similar to the cistern of the endoplasmic reticulum.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

As a result, this site is separated from the rest of the cytoplasm by two membranes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

These two-membrane organelles are called autophagosomes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Autophagosomes merge with lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes, in which organelles and the rest of the autophagosome contents are digested.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Apparently, macroautophagy is also indiscriminate, although it is often emphasized that it can help the cell get rid of “expired” organoids (mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.) [63].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The third type of autophagy is chaperone-dependent.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

With this method, the partially denatured proteins are transported from the cytoplasm through the lysosome membrane into its cavity, where they are digested.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

This type of autophagy, described only in mammals, is stress-induced [56].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

JUNQ and IPOD


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Under stress, when the eukaryotic cell cannot cope with the accumulation of a large number of denatured proteins, they can be sent to one of two types of temporary organelles — [64].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

JUNQ (English: JuxTA Nuclear Quality control comparison) is associated with the outside of the nuclear membrane and contains ubiquitinated proteins that can quickly pass into the cytoplasm, as well as chaperones and proteasomes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The assumed function of JUNQ is to refold and/or degrade proteins [26].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

IPOD (English: Insoluble Protein Deposit) is located near the central vacuole and contains fixed aggregates of amyloid-forming proteins.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The accumulation of these proteins in the IPOD can prevent them from interacting with normal cellular structures, so it is assumed that this inclusion has a protective function [26].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The functions of proteins in the body


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Like other biological macromolecules (polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids), proteins are essential components of all living organisms and play an important role in cell life.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Proteins carry out metabolic processes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

They are part of intracellular structures - organelles and cytoskeleton, are secreted into the extracellular space, where they can act as a signal transmitted between cells, participate in hydrolysis of food and formation of intercellular substance.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The classification of proteins according to their functions is quite conditional, since the same protein can perform several functions.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

A well-studied example of this versatility is Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, an enzyme from the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase class, which not only attaches the lysine residue to tRNA, but also regulates transcription of several genes [65].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Proteins perform many functions due to their enzymatic activity.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Thus, enzymes are myosin motor protein, protein kinase regulatory proteins, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase transport protein, etc.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Catalytic function


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The most well-known function of proteins in the body is the catalysis of various chemical reactions.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Enzymes are proteins that have specific catalytic properties, that is, each enzyme catalyzes one or more similar reactions.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Enzymes catalyze the reactions of splitting complex molecules (catabolism) and their synthesis (anabolism), including replication and repair of DNA and matrix synthesis of RNA.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

By 2013, more than 5,000 enzymes had been described [66] [67].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The acceleration of the reaction as a result of enzymatic catalysis can be huge: for example, the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase proceeds 1017 times faster than non-catalyzed ( the half-reaction period of orotic acid decarboxylation is 78 million years without the enzyme and 18 milliseconds with the participation of the enzyme) [68].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Molecules that attach to an enzyme and change as a result of the reaction are called substrates.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Although enzymes usually consist of hundreds of amino acid residues, only a small fraction of them interact with the substrate, and even fewer, an average of 3-4 amino acid residues, often located far from each other in the primary structure, are directly involved in catalysis [69].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The part of the enzyme molecule that binds the substrate and catalysis is called the active center.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In 1992, the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology proposed the final version of the hierarchical nomenclature of enzymes based on the type of reactions they catalyze [70].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

According to this nomenclature, the names of enzymes must always have the ending -ase and be formed from the names of the catalyzed reactions and their substrates.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Each enzyme is assigned an individual code that makes it easy to determine its position in the enzyme hierarchy.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

According to the type of reactions to be catalyzed, all enzymes are divided into 6 classes:


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

KF 1: Oxidoreductases catalyzing redox reactions;


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

CF 2: Transferases that catalyze the transfer of chemical groups from one substrate molecule to another;


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

KF 3: Hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of chemical bonds;


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

KF 4: Lyases that catalyze the rupture of chemical bonds without hydrolysis to form a double bond in one of the products;


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

CF 5: Isomerases that catalyze structural or geometric changes in the substrate molecule;


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

KF 6: Ligases that catalyze the formation of chemical bonds between substrates due to the hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond of ATP or similar triphosphate.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Structural function


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The structural proteins of the cytoskeleton, as a kind of reinforcement, shape cells and many organoids and participate in the change in the shape of cells.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Most structural proteins are filamentous: for example, actin and tubulin monomers are globular, soluble proteins, but after polymerization they form long strands that make up cytoskeleton that allows the cell to maintain its shape [71].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Collagen and elastin are the main components of the intercellular substance of connective tissue (for example, cartilage), and keratin, another structural protein, consists of hair, nails, bird feathers, and some shells.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Protective function


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

There are several types of protein protective functions:


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Physical protection.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The physical defense of the body is provided by collagen, a protein that forms the basis of the intercellular substance of connective tissues (including bones, cartilage, tendons and deep layers of the skin (dermis)); keratin, which forms the basis of horn shields, hair, feathers, horns, etc.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

epidermal derivatives.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Typically, these proteins are considered to be proteins with structural function.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Examples of proteins in this group are fibrinogens and thrombins [72] involved in blood clotting.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Chemical protection.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The binding of toxins by protein molecules can ensure their detoxification.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

A particularly important role in detoxification in humans is played by liver enzymes that break down poisons or convert them into a soluble form, which contributes to their rapid elimination from the body [73].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Immune defense.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Proteins that make up blood and other body fluids are involved in the body's defensive response to both damage and attack by pathogens.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Complement proteins and antibodies (immunoglobulins) belong to the second group of proteins; they neutralize bacteria, viruses or foreign proteins.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Antibodies that make up the adaptive immune system attach to substances foreign to this organism, antigens, and thereby neutralize them, directing them to the sites of destruction.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Antibodies can be secreted into the intercellular space or fixed in the membranes of specialized B-lymphocytes called plasmocytes [74].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Regulatory function


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Many processes within cells are regulated by protein molecules that do not serve as a source of energy or a building material for the cell.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

These proteins regulate the movement of the cell along the cell cycle, transcription, translation, splicing, the activity of other proteins and many other processes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The regulatory function of proteins is carried out either due to enzymatic activity (for example, protein kinase), or due to specific binding to other molecules.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Thus, transcription factors, activator proteins and repressor proteins, can regulate the intensity of gene transcription by binding to their regulatory sequences.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

At the translation level, the reading of many mRNAs is also regulated by the addition of protein factors [75].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The most important role in the regulation of intracellular processes is played by protein kinases and protein phosphatases, enzymes that activate or suppress the activity of other proteins by attaching or splitting them off phosphate groups.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Signal function


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The signal function of proteins is the ability of proteins to serve as signaling substances, transmitting signals between cells, tissues, organs, and organisms.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Often, the signal function is combined with the regulatory function, since many intracellular regulatory proteins also transmit signals.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The signal function is performed by hormone proteins, cytokines, growth factors, etc.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Hormones are carried by blood.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Most animal hormones are proteins or peptides.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The binding of the hormone to its receptor is a signal that triggers the cell's response.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Hormones regulate the concentration of substances in the blood and cells, growth, reproduction and other processes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

An example of such proteins is insulin, which regulates the concentration of glucose in the blood.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Cells interact with each other with the help of signal proteins transmitted through the intercellular substance.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Such proteins include, for example, cytokines and growth factors.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Cytokines are peptide signaling molecules.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

They regulate interactions between cells, determine their survival, stimulate or suppress growth, differentiation, functional activity and apoptosis, and ensure consistency of actions immune, endocrine and nervous systems.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

An example of cytokines is tumor necrosis factor, which transmits inflammatory signals between body cells [76].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Transport function


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Soluble proteins involved in the transport of small molecules must have a high affinity (affinity) for the substrate when it is present in high concentrations, and it is easy to release it in places of low substrate concentrations.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

An example of transport proteins is hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to other tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs, as well as proteins homologous to it found in all kingdoms of living organisms [77].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Some membrane proteins are involved in the transport of small molecules through the cell membrane, changing its permeability.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The lipid component of the membrane is waterproof (hydrophobic), which prevents the diffusion of polar or charged (ions) molecules.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Membrane transport proteins are usually divided into channel proteins and carrier proteins.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Channel proteins contain internal water-filled pores that allow ions (through ion channels) or water molecules (through aquaporin proteins) to move through the membrane.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Many ion channels specialize in transporting only one ion; for example, potassium and sodium channels often distinguish these similar ions and allow only one of them to pass through [78].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Carrier proteins bind, like enzymes, every transported molecule or ion and, unlike channels, can carry out active transport using ATP energy.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

“Cell Power Plant”, ATP synthase, which synthesizes ATP due to a proton gradient, can also be attributed to membrane transport proteins [79].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Backup (backup) function


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Such proteins include so-called reserve proteins, which are stored as an energy source and substance in plant seeds (for example, globulins 7S and 11S) and animal eggs [80].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

A number of other proteins are used in the body as a source of amino acids, which in turn are precursors of biologically active substances that regulate metabolic processes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Receptor function


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Protein receptors can be found both in the cytoplasm and embedded in the cell membrane.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

One part of the receptor molecule perceives a signal that is most often a chemical substance, and in some cases light, mechanical stress (for example, stretching), and other stimuli.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

When a signal acts on a certain part of the molecule — the receptor protein — its conformational changes occur.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

As a result, the conformation of another part of the molecule that transmits the signal to other cellular components changes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

There are several mechanisms for transmitting a signal.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Some receptors catalyze a certain chemical reaction; others serve as ion channels that open or close when the signal acts; others specifically bind intracellular intermediary molecules.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In membrane receptors, the part of the molecule that binds to the signal molecule is on the cell surface, and the domain that transmits the signal is inside [81].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Motor (motor) function


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

A whole class of motor proteins provides body movements, for example, muscle contraction, including locomotion (myosin), movement of cells within the body (for example, amoeboid movement of white blood cells), movement of cilia and flagella, as well as active and directed intracellular transport (kinesin, dynein).


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Dyneins and kinesins transport molecules along microtubules using ATP hydrolysis as an energy source.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Dyneins carry molecules and organoids from the peripheral parts of the cell towards the centrosome, kinesins in the opposite direction [82] [83].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Dineins are also responsible for the movement of the cilia and flagella of eukaryotes.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Cytoplasmic variants of myosin can take part in the transport of molecules and organoids through microfilaments.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Proteins in metabolism


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Most microorganisms and plants can synthesize 20 standard amino acids, as well as additional (non-standard) amino acids, such as citrulline.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

But if amino acids are present in the environment, even microorganisms store energy by transporting amino acids into cells and turning off their biosynthetic pathways [84].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by animals are called essential.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The main enzymes in biosynthetic pathways, for example, aspartate kinase, which catalyzes the first stage in the formation of lysine, methionine and threonine from aspartate, are absent in animals.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Animals mainly obtain amino acids from proteins found in food.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Proteins are broken down during digestion, which usually begins with denaturation of the protein by placing it in an acidic environment and hydrolysis with enzymes called proteases.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Some amino acids derived from digestion are used to synthesize body proteins, while others are converted to glucose during gluconeogenesis or used in the Krebs cycle.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The use of protein as an energy source is especially important in fasting conditions, when the body's own proteins, especially muscles, serve as a source of energy [85].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Amino acids are also an important source of nitrogen in the body's nutrition.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

There are no uniform norms for human protein consumption.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The microflora of the large intestine synthesizes amino acids that are not taken into account when compiling protein norms.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Study methods


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The structure and functions of proteins are studied both on purified preparations in vitro and in their natural environment in a living organism, in vivo.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Studies of pure proteins under controlled conditions are useful for determining their functions: kinetic features of the catalytic activity of enzymes, relative affinity for various substrates, etc. . In vivo studies of proteins in cells or whole organisms provide additional information on where they function and how their activity is regulated [86].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Molecular and cellular biology


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Molecular and cellular biology methods are usually used to study the synthesis and localization of proteins in a cell.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

A localization study method based on the synthesis of a chimeric protein in a cell consisting of the protein under study combined with a “reporter”, for example, green fluorescent protein (GFP) is widely used [ 87].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The location of such a protein in the cell can be seen using a fluorescence microscope [88].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In addition, proteins can be visualized with antibodies that recognize them, which in turn carry a fluorescent label.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Often, simultaneously with the studied protein, known proteins of organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and vacuoles are visualized, which makes it possible to more accurately determine the localization protein under study [89].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Immunohistochemical methods usually use antibodies that are conjugated with enzymes that catalyze the formation of a luminescent or colored product, which makes it possible to compare localization and amount of the studied protein in the samples.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

A rarer method for determining the location of proteins is equilibrium ultracentrifugation of cell fractions in a sucrose or cesium chloride gradient [90] [91].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Finally, one of the classic methods is immunoelectron microscopy, which is fundamentally similar to immunofluorescence microscopy, with the difference that an electron microscope is used.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The sample is prepared for electron microscopy and then treated with antibodies to the protein, which are connected to an electron-dense material, usually gold [92].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

With the help of site-directed mutagenesis, researchers can change the amino acid sequence of a protein and, consequently, its spatial structure, location in the cell and its regulation activity.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Using this method, using modified tRNA [93], it is also possible to introduce artificial amino acids into the protein, and design proteins with new properties [94].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Biochemical


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

To perform an in vitro analysis, the protein must be purified from other cellular components.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

This process usually begins with the destruction of cells and the production of what is known as a cell extract.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Further, by centrifugation and ultracentrifugation methods, this extract can be divided into: a fraction containing soluble proteins; a fraction containing membrane lipids and proteins; and a fraction containing cellular organelles and nucleic acids.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Protein precipitation by salting out is used to separate protein mixtures, and also allows you to concentrate proteins.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Sedimentation analysis (centrifugation) makes it possible to fractionate protein mixtures by the value of the sedimentation constant of individual proteins measured in Swedberg (S) [95].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Various types of chromatography are then used to isolate the required protein or proteins based on properties such as molecular weight, charge and affinity [96] [97].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

In addition, proteins can be isolated according to their charge using electrofocusing [98].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

To simplify the process of protein purification, genetic engineering is often used to create protein derivatives that are convenient for purification without affecting their structure or activity.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

“Tags”, which are small amino acid sequences, such as a chain of 6 or more histidine residues, are attached to one end of the protein.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

When the extract of cells that synthesized the “labeled” protein is passed through a chromatographic column containing nickel ions, histidine is bound by nickel and remains on the column, while the rest lysate components pass through the column without hindrance (nickel-chelate chromatography).


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Many other labels have been developed to help researchers isolate specific proteins from complex mixtures, most often by affinity chromatography [99].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The degree of purification of a protein can be determined if its molecular weight and isoelectric point are known — using various types of gel electrophoresis — or measuring enzymatic activity if the protein is an enzyme.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Mass spectrometry makes it possible to identify the isolated protein by its molecular weight and the mass of its fragments [100].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

A number of methods are used to determine the amount of protein in the sample [101]: biuret method, microbiuret method, Bradford method, Lowry method, spectrophotometric method.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

Proteomics


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The combination of proteins in a cell is called a proteome, its study is called proteomics, named by analogy with genomics.


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The main experimental proteomics methods include:


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

2D electrophoresis, which makes it possible to separate multicomponent protein mixtures [102];


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

mass spectrometry, which makes it possible to identify proteins by the mass of their constituent peptides with high throughput [103];


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

protein microchips that allow you to simultaneously measure the content of a large amount of proteins in a cell [104];


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

, which makes it possible to systematically study protein-protein interactions [105].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

The combination of all biologically significant protein interactions in a cell is called an interactome [106].


Question: Who first discovered the protein molecule?

Proteins

A systematic study of the structure of proteins representing all possible types of tertiary structures is called structural genomics [107].


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Structure prediction and modeling


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Prediction of the spatial structure using computer programs (in silico) makes it possible to build models of proteins, the structure of which has not yet been determined experimentally [108].


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

The most successful type of structure prediction, known as homologous modeling, is based on an existing “template” structure similar in amino acid sequence to the simulated protein [109 ].


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Methods for predicting the spatial structure of proteins are used in the developing field of protein genetic engineering, with the help of which new tertiary protein structures have already been obtained [110].


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

A more difficult computational task is to predict intermolecular interactions, such as molecular docking and prediction of protein-protein interactions [111].


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Folding and intermolecular interactions of proteins can be modeled using, in particular, molecular dynamics and the Monte Carlo method, which are increasingly taking advantage of parallel and distributed computing (for example, the Folding @home project [112]).


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

The folding of small α-helical protein domains, such as the willin protein [113] or one of the HIV proteins [114], was successfully modeled in silico.


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Using hybrid methods that combine standard molecular dynamics with quantum mechanics, the electronic states of the rhodopsin visual pigment were studied [115].


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

See also


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Prions


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Protein splicing


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Hyperproteinemia


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Protein structure prediction


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Protein function prediction


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Notes


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Literature


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

References


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

(The article provides a quantitative analysis of the primary structure of proteins from the point of view of the ratio of chaos and order)


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Category:Wikipedia:Selected biology articles


Question: Who was the first to discover a protein molecule?

Proteins

Category:Nutrients


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The characters in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga and the anime of the same name were drawn by Mia Ikumi.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The series takes place in Tokyo; a team of five girls, whose genes have been combined with the DNA of rare animal species, fight aliens trying to take over the Earth.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The sequel, titled Tokyo Mew Mew a la Mode, introduces the new Meow Meow and new enemies.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The Meow Meow team is led by the main character named Ichigo Momomiya, whose primary task is to gather four more Meow Meow Meow: Mint Aizawa, Letus Midorikawa, Purin Fon and Zakuro Fujiwara.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ichigo falls in love with Masaya Aoyama and becomes his girlfriend, although he hides his second essence from him.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The antagonists of the series are the aliens Kisshu, Pai, Taruto and their leader Deep Blue.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

They used to live on Earth, but were forced to leave it due to terrible changes in their environment.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

They came back to reclaim the Earth and destroy the people they believe were responsible for destroying the planet.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In Tokyo Mew Mew a la Mode, high school student Barry Shirayuki becomes the sixth Meow Meow Meow and temporarily replaces Ichigo as team leader.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The sequel also features new villains — a group of “Holy Rose Crusaders” who want to create a utopia in the world.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The group led by Duke tries to kill Barry several times and eventually uses hypnosis to direct the local population against Meow Meow Meow.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The basis for the plot of the original manga was the story of Ikumi Tokyo Black Cat Girl, where a cat girl fights an alien invasion.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

As soon as the author began to create the story of five heroines, the character design became lighter and more colorful.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Critics praised the main characters of the original manga and sequel for their excellent fit to the plot, as well as for their attractive appearance, although Tokyo Mew Mew a la Mode noted repetitions of scenes from initial series.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Duke's character was criticized for the similarity of his clothes with the uniform of the nationalist group Ku Klux Klan.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Creation and concept


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Mangaka (in Dutch) spent a year creating the Tokyo Mew Mew manga, the first volume of which was published in February 2001 [1].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The story that she originally presented to her editors was called Tokyo Black Cat Girl, and the main character was Hime Azumi.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

An intergalactic police officer named Masya gave her the ability to turn into a cat girl and asked her to help him in the battle against alien invaders - the Beetles.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Azumi kept her double life a secret [2].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

However, then the publishers decided to focus on five superheroines and asked Ikumi to adjust the main character.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

So dressed in black, Azumi was replaced by a brighter Ichigo.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Mangaka doubted the need to make changes, as her character was originally created for the drama series [3].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

While working on the design of four other characters, Ikumi drew several possible costumes, including a mouse girl.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

However, this design was not included in the final version of the work [3].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After finishing work on the main characters, Ikumi gave them food names as names: Ichigo (strawberry), Mint (mint), Lettus (lettuce), Purin (pudding) and Zakuro (pomegranate).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

During the work, the author was asked to rename the characters to color names, but the names were left in the original version [4].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Masya's character from the Tokyo Black Cat Girl manga was transferred to Tokyo Mew Mew while maintaining his original name and appearance [2].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

As a joke, the author's name for Ichigo's attack “Strawberry Bell” was considered funny by the editors and included in the manga; Ikumi noted that in the future she came up with “funny sounding” attacks titles [5].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Marie Kitayama was responsible for adapting the original character design for the anime series.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ikumi reacted positively to the result of this work, and also approved the choice of voice actors [6].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Meow Meow Team


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Meow Meow are young girls who, thanks to the genes of endangered animal species, have acquired superpowers and become biological weapons.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

They fight chimera animals, monsters created as a result of the merger of an alien parasite with a living creature.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Subsequently, the team begins to fight against the aliens — the owners of chimeras.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The creation of the first five Meow Meow Meow happened by accident — the head of the Meow project, Ryo Shirogane, initially intended to combine the genes of chimeras and rare animals to see if this would help reverse the infection [7] [n 1].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The Meow project was started by Dr. Shirogane (Ryo's father) five years before the main events began.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The manga does not disclose the reasons for starting the project, but Dr. Shirogane mentioned that he must find a way to merge animal genes and human DNA [8].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime adaptation, the doctor discovered fossilized remains of the ancient civilization Chimera during archaeological excavations and, together with his assistant Keiichiro Asakaka, began research that grew into creation The Meow Project [9].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

As a result of the explosion in the laboratory, Professor Shirogane and his wife were killed, and 10-year-old Ryo was orphaned.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Together with Keiichiro, he moved to Japan and continued the Meow Project [8].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

According to the anime, the explosion was caused by an awakened chimera that set fire to the house [9].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Meow Meow's team consists of five girls: Ichigo Momomiya, Mint Aizawa, Letus Midorikawa, Purin Fon and Zakuro Fujiwara [10] [11] [n 2] Each heroine has a unique mark on the body [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After transformation, girls acquire the powers of animals associated with them.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

By joining forces, they are able to increase the strength of Meow Ichigo.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The band originally called themselves Meow Meow Meow, but then accidentally presented them on television as “Tokyo Mew Mew”, which is the name under which they became known in public.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The girls work as waitresses in the Meow Meow Meow Cafe, which is also their headquarters, from where they receive information about the activity of chimeras [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Tokyo Mew Mew a La Mode manga, Ichigo travels to England, and Barry Shirayuki becomes the interim leader of the team [12] [13].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ichigo Momomiya


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

— A 13-year-old girl who is the main character and leader of the Meow Meow Meow team.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ichigo merges with the DNA of the Iriomotean cat, which gives it the opportunity to turn into the cat girl Meow Ichigo, a powerful and heroic girl cat [14].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The transformation forces her to show different cat manners while she is in human form [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

On her first date, her ears and tail suddenly come out of excitement [15], and a kiss turns her completely into a little black cat.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It remains in the shape of a cat until someone, human or animal, kisses it [16] [17] [18].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ichigo is in love with Masaya Aoyama.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Although she believes that he does not care about her feelings, he later reciprocates and they begin to date [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the course of the story, Ichigo has a mysterious defender — the Blue Knight [19].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ichigo also has an admirer, the alien Kishu.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Although he tries to get her sympathy, Ichigo remains cold towards Kishu [10] [20], preferring Aoyama.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Despite this, she cries when she sees Keishu die in her arms.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After Masaya sacrifices himself in an attempt to destroy Deep Blue, Ichigo gives Masaya his life force and dies.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The meow aqua matter in Masai's body brings her back to life [21].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Before Masaya goes to study in England at the end of the series, he and Ichigo play a comic wedding [21].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The Tokyo Mew Mew a La Mode manga says that Ichigo lost her superpowers and went to England with Masaya.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Upon her return to Japan, her strength began to return to her, and she joined the fight against the Crusaders of the Holy Rose [22].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime series, the heroine was voiced by Saki Nakajima.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Mew Mew Power series, the heroine's name was changed to Zoe Henson and voiced by Amanda Brown [23] [24].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Mint Aizawa


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

- a girl from a wealthy family.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He usually behaves arrogant [14], and never does anything in the Meow Meow cafe, coming up with various excuses.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He loves her brother and studies ballet.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

She agrees with Zakuro on everything because she is a fan of her [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Hates losing an argument.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It is associated with the DNA of a bird from the Red Book, the breed is a blue lori hermit [n 3].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

When transformed into Meow Mint, it develops bird wings and a tail [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The heroine was voiced (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

On the Mew Mew Power series, her name is Corina Baxworth (voiced by Andy Whaley) [25] [26].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Letus Midorikawa


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

is a hardworking and shy girl [14] who is ready to do anything to be in the company of friends.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It is associated with the DNA of a featherless harbour porpoise, an ancient animal.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

This connection gives her the opportunity to turn her legs into the tail of a harbour porpoise, which significantly improves her swimming ability [27] (in the anime adaptation, she gains this ability only after finding “meow aqua”) [28].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Letus is often bullied by her peers, such as forcing her to do homework for them, although she does not consider herself very smart.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

At first, she is afraid of her superpowers and even loses control of herself, but Ichigo and Mint calm her down [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Other members of the team consider her kind and selfless [10] [27].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

As the story progresses, she becomes more confident [8].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

I was in love, but unrequited [29].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

She was voiced in the anime (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

On Mew Mew Power, her name is Bridget Verdant (voiced by Bella Hudson) [30] [31].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Purin Fon


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Purin Fon (Chinese:, in Japanese transcription by Von Purin, from Purin - pudding) is a cheerful acrobat girl [32], the fourth Meow Meow Meow [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It is associated with the DNA of the golden marmoset; after transformation, it develops monkey ears and a tail, and uses a pair of rings in combat.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In his speech, he always uses the final bundle “nanode”.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Other members of the team believe that the monkey's DNA perfectly matches its character, and Mint considers it immature.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Despite her young age, she raises her little brothers and sister alone, and also earns money to provide for them [20].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The manga does not say anything about Purin's mother, but the anime shows that she died [33].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the last battle, she is forced to fight Taruto [34] [n 4].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

At the end of the episode, she kisses Taruto and says that she does not want to say goodbye, to which he replies that he can still return [21].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime adaptation, Taruto saves Purin from an underground cave, realizing that she does not have enough oxygen [35].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

She was voiced in the anime (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Mew Mew Power series, her name is Kikki Benjamin (voiced by Keter Donahue) [36] [37].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Zakuro Fujiwara


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

— a fashion model girl, the oldest among the rest of the girls.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Like other members of the team, she first appears at the beginning of the manga at the rare animal exhibition [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In life, she is gloomy and gloomy, funny on the screen.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

At first, she didn't want to work in a team, but then changed her mind [32].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It's related to wolf DNA.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime series, she says that she does not live with her family because she left her home two years ago [38] [39].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

She was voiced in the anime (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

On the Mew Mew Power series, her name is Renee Roberts (voiced by Molly Weaver) [40] [41].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Barry Shirayuki


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

) - the main character of the Tokyo Mew Mew a La Mode manga, the sixth Meow Meow.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After Ichigo leaves, she becomes the interim leader of the team [12] [13].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It is associated with the DNA of two rare animals, the Andean cat and a climbing hare.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Very nice, friendly and very similar to Ichigo (not in appearance, but in character).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

I changed school because I thought my old school uniform was “not cute” [42] [43].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Every day she has to travel a long way to get to school.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the course of the story, the Crusaders of the Holy Rose begin to hunt her.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

antagonists


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Aliens


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The main antagonists of the Tokyo Mew Mew manga are aliens who appeared on Earth to “return it” [16].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

According to the aliens, their ancestors lived on Earth three million years ago, but after a series of disasters left it, being on the verge of extinction.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

They settled on another planet with a polluted environment and were forced to live underground.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

They did not forget about planet Earth and when they returned to it, they were offended by the way people treated the environment.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

They found people to be responsible for the destruction of the planet [16].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Aliens use chimera animals to destroy humanity and take over the planet.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The first to arrive on Earth was the alien Deep Blue.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He took the form of a person and then fell asleep [44].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Later, Kisshu, Pai and Taruto flew to the planet [16].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After the defeat of Deep Blue, the aliens who received meow aqua matter returned to their planet [21].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Changes were made to the Mew Mew Power series - the aliens were called “siniklons” (English: Cyniclons) and according to the plot they flew from a desert planet and, out of envy of people, decided to make the Earth their own a new home [45] [46].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Chimera animals


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Chimera animals (・・) are parasitic organisms used by aliens to infect animals and turn them into monsters [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The task of Meow Meow Meow is to extract the parasite from the affected animal, after which the animal returns to normal, and Masya absorbs the parasite.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Tokyo Mew Mew does not mention the fate of chimera animals after the departure of the aliens, but Tokyo Mew Mew a La Mode reveals that some of them remained on Earth and fell under the influence of the Crusaders of the Holy Roses [12] [13].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime series, chimeras can infect plants [47], humans [48], fossils [49], and meow aqua matter [50].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Mew Mew Power series, infected animals were called “predasites” (English: Predasites) and parasites were called “infusors” (English: Infusors) [51] [52].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Kishu


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

- the alien who appeared second on planet Earth.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

First appearing at the end of the first volume of the manga, Kisshu usually behaves carefree, enjoying battles with Meow Meow Meow and treating them like a game [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Over time, Kisshu falls in love with Ichigo, although at first he sees it as an “interesting toy” (which he must kill on the orders of his leader) [17].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the last chapters, he kidnaps Ichigo, confesses his love to her, and demands that she cry [19].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Towards the end of the episode, he again confesses his feelings to her, but then, when refused, attacks her and begins to strangle her.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After asking what he must do to make her fall in love with him, he lets Ichigo go [53].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After rebelling against Deep Blue, Kisshu dies in an attempt to protect Ichigo; after the defeat of Deep Blue, he returns to life with the help of “meow aqua”.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Together with Pai and Taruto, he returns to his planet, wishing Ichigo happiness and kissing her goodbye [21].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He voiced it in the anime (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Mew Mew Power series, his name is Dren (voiced by Andrew Rannels) [54] [55].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Taruto


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

is the second alien to come to Earth with Pai to help Kisshu.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He often teases Kisshu, calling him weak [56].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In combat, he usually uses physical attacks and chimera animals, but is also able to control plants.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He openly expresses dislike for Ichigo and calls her an “old woman”, and in response is called a “midget” [57] [58].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the course of the story, Taruto and Pai capture Purin.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

While guarding the girl, Taruto is puzzled that she is not afraid and tries to make friends with him.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

She gives him candy [57].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime, Taruto Saves Purin's Life [59].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

At the end of the manga, Purin kisses him, after which he returns to his world [21].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

At the end of the anime, he was killed by Pai, but after the fall of Deep Blue he was resurrected [57] [58].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It is voiced (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Mew Mew Power series, his name is Tarbes (voiced by Jimmy Zoppy) [60] [61].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Pai


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

— an alien who came to Earth with Taruto [56].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The oldest among the aliens, calm and quiet, always serious [62].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He is mainly engaged in intelligence and research of important information [16] [27] [56].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After the defeat of Deep Sineva, he and his comrades return to their world [21].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime series, Pai kills Taruto for betrayal, but then sacrifices himself in an attempt to protect Meow Meow [49].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He comes back to life thanks to “meow aqua” [63].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It is voiced (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Mew Mew Power series, his name is Sardon (voiced by Pete Zarustika) [64] [65].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Glubokaya Sineva


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

- The main antagonist, the leader of the aliens.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It arrived on Earth a few years ago and took the form of a human (Masai Aoyama) to avoid detection [16] [44].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Taking on a new guise, Deep Blue fell asleep, leaving Masaya without remembering who he was, but conveying to him an aversion to environmental pollution.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It first appears in its present form at the end of the sixth volume.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After waking up, he attacks Ichigo and injures her [44], and kills Kisshu who opposes him.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Masaya temporarily awakens and releases meow aqua matter, which kills both herself and Deep Blue.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime adaptation, Deep Blue exists as a blue ball of energy [66], and after receiving part, “meow aqua” takes the form of a shadow [67].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime, he dies at the hands of Meow Ichigo while Masaya holds back his body [63].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

At the beginning of the series, the voice actor of Deep Blue was not disclosed; after episode 46, it was credited as voiced (in Dutch) (who also voiced Masaya and the Blue Knight) [66] [68] [69].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

On the Mew Mew Power series, his name remained the same (voiced by Scotty Ray) [70] [71].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

His role in the series has changed — from an alien savior to a destroyer who wants to destroy the Earth, which causes other aliens to revolt against him [49] [63].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Holy Rose Crusaders


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The Crusaders of the Holy Rose (Sento Rozu Kuruseida:su) are the main antagonists of the Tokyo Mew Mew a la Mode manga.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The group consists of four young people and their leader Duke.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The flashback explains that the members of the group were born with various special powers, as a result of which people avoided them, and their parents abandoned them and sent them to a boarding school, where they met.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Together, they plotted to blow up the school, but a mysterious man known as Duke convinces them not to waste time, because the world needs them [72].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The Crusaders seek to change the “boring adult world” by creating a utopia in it with the help of “intelligence, benefactor and elegance” [12].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

To do this, they use chimera animals left on the planet after the aliens left.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

As soon as the Meow Meow team enters into a new battle against foreign parasites, the Crusaders pay attention to the new leader of Meow Meow Meow Barry Shirayuki [13] [73].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Their attempt to capture and destroy Barry is thwarted, and then they resort to the use of subconscious messages and hypnosis to turn Tokyo residents against the Meow Meow Meow team; Barry Tasuku Meguro's best friend turns out to be hypnotized [74] [75] [76].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Each of the Crusaders makes one attack on Meow Barry or other Meow Meow Meow, and then retreats.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Towards the end of the series, Meow Barry dispels the hypnosis imposed on the residents.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Tasuku and Duke admit that the methods of the Crusaders were wrong.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

They last appear in the manga while standing on the roof of the building with Barry [74].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Duke


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Duke (, Du:ku) - leader of the Crusaders of the Holy Rose.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Commentators found it both interesting and disturbing that his clothes look like the costumes of members of the American nationalist organization Ku Klux Klan, once headed by David Duke [77] [ 78].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Duke accepts four children with special abilities abandoned by their families.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Touched by their loneliness and inner suffering, Duke assures them of their importance and helps them find purpose in life [72].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The manga says that Duke was going to use the remaining chimera animals to take over the world [74].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Secondary characters


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Masaya Aoyama


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

— Ichigo's classmate and the subject of her romantic interest; she is engaged in kendo.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Later, he reciprocates her feelings, and they begin to date [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He knows about the true essence of Meow Ichigo, but initially hides this fact from her [18] [79].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ichigo calls Masaya “smart”, “sweet”, “athletic” and “popular” [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Masaya is portrayed as a polite and calm person, although in moments of anger he sometimes shouts at others [53].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Towards the end of the series, Masaya discovers that he is an orphan.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He loves nature very much and is worried about endangered species.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He says that only next to Ichigo feels “real human existence” [53].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the course of the story, it turns out that Masaya and the Blue Knight are the same person, although the former does not know about it at first, and when he learns, he realizes that the transformation is caused by his desire to protect Ichigo [19].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Soon after revealing his second essence, Masaya loses consciousness and turns into an alien leader Deep Blue.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He claims that he created Masaya to hide in the human world until it was time for him to awaken [44].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Masaya sacrifices herself by releasing meow aqua from her body [21].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

At the end, Masaya decides to go to England to study rare species of animals [21].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Tokyo Mew Mew a la Mode manga, Masaya is the first to feel the new threat and approves of Ichigo's decision to return and help friends [72].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

By the end of the manga, he returns to Tokyo himself [74].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime series, it is voiced (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

On the Mew Mew Power series, his name is Mark (voiced by Scotty Ray) [23] [80].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Blue knight


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

is an unknown man who appears at the end of the fourth volume of the manga to save Ichigo during the battle with Kisshu [17].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He tells Ichigo that he will “fit her” and that he is “born to protect her” [20].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The Blue Knight appears whenever Ichigo is in danger to protect her and disappears when the situation is resolved [57].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ichigo tries to find out his identity, suspecting Ryo and Keiichiro, and towards the end of the manga discovers that the Blue Knight is an alternative personality for Masai Aoyama, created by his desire to protect Ichigo [19].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After revealing his true identity, it turns into Deep Blue [44].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In Tokyo Mew Mew a la Mode, Masaya emphasizes that he no longer has the powers of the Blue Knight [72].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime adaptation, the knight plays a more important role — he helps the Meow Meow Meow team several times in battles, gives them advice and supports them [81] [82] [83] [84] [85].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It is voiced (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the series Mew Mew Power, his original name is preserved (voiced by Sean Schemmel) [81] [86].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ryo Shirogane


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

is a wealthy high school student, head of the Meow project and owner of the Meow Meow cafe.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The son of a scientist who came up with the Meow project but failed to complete it.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Other characters call Ryo a genius: his IQ exceeds 180 [8] [87].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After the death of his parents, he moved to Japan with Keiichiro to continue his father's work.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After completing the development of a tool for introducing genes into the human body, the first thing he did was test the drug on himself to make sure that it was harmless.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

As a result, he gained the ability to turn into a gray cat for no more than 10 minutes [8].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ryo created R2000 (Masya) and R3000 (Utya) for Ichigo, and later for Barry, assistant robots [13].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He usually talks to girls in a harsh manner [27].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In his cat form, he helps Ichigo several times by kissing her and thereby restoring her human appearance [8].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Although Ryo's age is unknown, he is officially believed to be 15 years old [88]; on the Mew Mew Power series, he is 16 years old [89].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime, it is voiced (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Mew Mew Power series, his name is Elliot Grant (voiced by Sean Schemmel) [89] [90].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Keiichiro Akasaka


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

— Head of Meow Meow Cafe and baker, Ryo's partner in the Meow Project [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He worked with his father and after his death began to help the doctor's son [8].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Keiichiro's age is not revealed in manga or anime.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the official game guide Tōkyō Myū Myū; - Tōjō Shin Myū Myū!


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

; - Minna Issho ni Gohōshi Suru Nyan says that he is twenty-one years old [91], while additional materials to the Mew Mew Power series include information that he is seventeen [92].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime, it is voiced (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

On the Mew Mew Power series, his name is Wesley J.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Culridge III (voiced by Andrew Rannels) [93].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Tasuku Meguro


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

is Barry's best friend and the object of her romantic interest; she lives next door to her [12].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After her mother died, he tried to replace her mother by hugging her every morning.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

When he learns that Barry has turned into Meow Meow Meow, he says that he does not care and will always be her best friend [76].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

As the story progresses, he tries to hide his feelings, but eventually realizes that he is in love with Barry [75].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

He kisses her, apologizes and runs away [75].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Duke hypnotizes him and directs him against Barry [75].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Barry frees him from the spell by admitting his feelings and kissing him; Tasuku asks her to stay with him forever, to which she agrees [74] [76].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Masya


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

is a robot designed to locate chimeras and “meow aqua”.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

The name “Masya” was given to her by Ichigo, who originally called her R2000 (model number).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

After the defeat of the aliens, Masya decides to go to England together with Ichigo and Masaya [13].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In addition to the ability to detect aliens, Masya eats parasites that have separated from the victim [10].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

She is not able to talk, she usually communicates with sounds.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the anime adaptation, Masya has a male sex and an expanded vocabulary; unsuccessfully tries to help the team in battles [47].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It is voiced (in Dutch).


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

In the Mew Mew Power series, his name is Minimew (voiced by Tom Wayland) [94] [95].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Utya


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

is the second robot created by Ryo [13].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Appearing only in the Tokyo Mew Mew a la Mode manga, the R3000 becomes Barry's assistant, who gives him the name “Utya” [13] [22].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Utya has the same abilities as Masya, but speaks in full sentences and often expresses dissatisfaction.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Can turn into Barry's weapon [13] [96].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Ringo Akai


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

- video game character.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

She does not have a family and lives with her older brother, Ranger Masio, who looks like Masaya.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

She is very funny, loves rabbits and big bows.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

It's related to Humbolt's penguin's DNA.


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Related products


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Related products [97] were created based on the Tokyo Mew Mew series: costumes, backpacks and other accessories (including cosplay costumes) [98] [99] [100].


Question: What was the name of the main villain in the Tokyo Mew Mew manga?

List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters

Related products also included character figures, key chains and calendars [101] [102] [103] [104] [105].