Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The most destructive role for Chinese civilization was played by the Opium Wars, as a result of which, by 1860, China finally became economically dependent on Great Britain and France.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Republican China


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

On January 1, 1912, with the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China (also called the Republic of China) was created.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Sun Yat-sen, leader of the Kuomintang National Party, was proclaimed the first president.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

He was soon removed from this post by former Qing general Yuan Shikai, who proclaimed himself the new emperor, but his empire died with him.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

After Yuan Shikai, China was de facto fragmented into a number of provincial governments, although de jure the international community recognized only Beijing power as central.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

In 1927, the Kuomintang Party, under Chiang Kai-shek's command, was able to unite the country.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The capital was moved to Nanjing.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

As the nationalists seized power and created a one-party government, a powerful opposition, the Communists, appeared in the country.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The struggle between government forces and red guerrillas continued, which weakened China and slowed down democratic reforms.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945 united nationalists and communists for some time against a common enemy.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

But after Japan's surrender in 1945, the state treasury of the Republic was empty.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

This was the reason for mutual accusations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, which led to a civil war.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The victory of the Communists forced the government of the Republic of China to move to the island of Taiwan, where it still exists today.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Two Chinas


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

With the victory in the Civil War, the Communist Party of China proclaimed itself the legal successor of the Republic of China and on October 1, 1949 founded a new state, the People's Republic of China (PRC).


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

In 1997, China regained Hong Kong territory from Great Britain and in 1999 Macau from Portugal.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Modernity


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The civil war in China at the end of World War II led to the de facto division of the region into two states, which continue to use the word “China” in their name.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

These are the People's Republic of China (PRC), which occupies the territory of mainland China, and the Republic of China, which controls the island of Taiwan and its adjacent islands.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Two states — the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China — insist on the legitimacy of their power and claim that they are the full rulers of “China”.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The PRC is a communist state, while the Republic of China is a nationalist state.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Although the international community recognized the Republic of China's right to own mainland China in 1949, since the 1970s, most countries have changed their foreign policy orientation towards China and moved their offices from Taipei to Beijing.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Although the government of the Republic of China has not abandoned its claims to China, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia, it is increasingly identifying itself as the government of the island of Taiwan.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The political circles of the Republic of China are in a constant dialectical struggle regarding the issue of declaring the independence of the island.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The PRC considers Taiwan an integral part of its state, and therefore is constantly trying to oust representatives of the Republic of China from various international organizations, increasing its isolation.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Today, 23 states, including the Vatican, continue to recognize the Republic of China as official China.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

In contrast, most governments of the world consider China as the legal representative of China.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Territory


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Historical divisions of China


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The higher-level administrative units of China changed depending on the ruling dynasty or government.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

These units include, first of all, regions and provinces.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Among the lower-level units, there were prefectures, subprefectures, departments, commanders, counties and districts.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Modern administrative units include cities at the sub-prefecture level, cities at the district level, settlements and urban communities.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Most Chinese dynasties housed their residence in the heart of China, its ethnically Chinese part, the Yellow River Valley.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

These dynasties expanded their holdings to the foreign territories of Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, Xinjiang, Tibet, Vietnam, and Korea.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Although the last Manchu Qing dynasty, of which China and the Republic of China consider themselves heirs, included most of the aforementioned lands in China, China itself has certain ancient borders — The Great Wall of China in the north, the Tibetan Plateau in the west, and the Indochina jungle in the south.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

To the north of the Great Wall of China are Inner Mongolia and Manchuria, the ancestral places of residence of Eurasian nomads, which are now developed by ethnic Chinese.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

In the west are the Xinjiang Uygur and Tibetan Autonomous Regions, in which the Uighur and Tibetan states existed.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Assimilation is also being carried out there at an accelerated pace.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The south of China was the birthplace of many nationalities, the small number and fragmentation of which almost never posed a threat to the Chinese authorities.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The traditional division of China includes the division into Southern and Northern China, the border between which runs along the Huai River and the Qinlong Mountains.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Geography and climate


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

China's landscapes are diverse.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Mountains and plateaus predominate in the west, while lowlands predominate in the east and southeast.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

As a result, the main rivers flow from west to east, including the large Yellow River, Yangtze, Amur River, and some to the south (Mekong, Brahmaputra Rivers).


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Most of China's rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

In the east, along the coast of the Yellow and East China Seas, there are alluvial plains that are densely populated.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

In the north, on the edge of the Inner Mongolia plateau, you can see a grassy steppe.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The south of China is covered with hills and low mountains.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

In the central-eastern part are the Yellow River and Yangtze deltas.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Most of the arable land is along these rivers.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Yunnan Southern Province is part of the so-called Greater Mekong subregion, which includes Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

In the western part of China, there is a large alluvial plain in the north, and a limestone plateau in the south, covered with medium-sized hills.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

This part of China is home to the Himalayas, with the world's highest Mount Everest.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The northwest is covered by deserts such as Taklamakan and the Gobi Desert, which are constantly expanding.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

For thousands of years, the mountains of Yunnan Province have served as a natural boundary that separates China from Burma, Laos and Vietnam.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

China's climate is diverse.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The northern zone, which includes Beijing, is characterized by very cold winters.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The central zone, which includes Shanghai, is moderate.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The southern zone, which includes Guangzhou, is characterized by a subtropical climate.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Due to frequent droughts and poor management, dust or sand storms often occur in spring.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The wind carries dust eastward, as far as Taiwan and Japan.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Storms sometimes reach the West Coast of the United States.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

China's water, soil erosion and environmental pollution are escalating from domestic Chinese problems to international ones.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Society


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Demographics


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The population of China (PRC and the Republic of China) is 1,390 million people in 2012.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

This is one fifth of the world's total population.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Although more than 100 ethnic groups live in China, the communist government recognizes only 56.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The largest ethnic group in China is the Han Chinese (actually Chinese) — 91.9%.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

It is heterogeneous and is divided into a number of ethnographic groups, most of which are former self-sufficient ethnic groups assimilated by the Han Chinese.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Assimilation is an ancient method of China's rulers aimed at increasing the number of subjects loyal to the regime.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Many non-Chinese ethnic groups in the northern steppes or southern jungle have disappeared into the melting pot of Chinese culture.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

As a rule, the beginning of the export of Chinese technical and cultural know-how to ethnic groups that were at a lower scientific and social level than the Chinese marked the beginning of the disappearance distinctive culture of these groups, with the further absorption of their representatives into Han society.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Although today's term “Chinese” (, zhongguo ren, “man of the Central State”) or “Chinese nation” (zhonghua mingzu, “people of the Central State”) is political trans-ethnic concept, they have an ethnic subcontext.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The concept of “zhongguo” — the “Central Power” — was invented by ethnic Chinese themselves.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Its promotion among non-Chinese societies in the form of a supra-ethnic category reduced resistance to the Sinization of these societies and, accordingly, accelerated the assimilation of non-Chinese ethnic groups.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Languages


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Most Chinese languages belong to the Sino-Tibetan language family.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

They are spoken by about 29 ethnic groups.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

There are also several large and small Chinese languages, sometimes referred to as dialects.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Among them, the most used are North Chinese (spoken by about 70% of the population), Wu (and its most famous Shanghai dialect), yue (“Cantonese”), the Minsk supergroup, xiang, gan and hakka.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Non-Chinese languages include Chuang (Thai), Mongols, Tibetans, Uighurs (Turks), Hmong, and Koreans.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

These languages are mainly spoken by ethnic minorities.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Putonghua is a pronunciation standard based on northern dialects, a literary language, and is the official language of the PRC and the Republic of China.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

This version of the Chinese language is taught in schools, used in the media, literature, and authorities.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Non-Chinese languages are recognized as official in some autonomous regions, where ethnic minorities live compactly.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

“Spoken Chinese” or “baihua” is a written standard for Mandarin, which has been officially used since the 20th century.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Prior to this, the standard for written language was


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

classical Chinese language “Wenyan”, modeled on medieval Latin.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

This language is still compulsory for higher education.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Chinese languages are based on hieroglyphic writing, while Chuang, Tibetan, Uyghur, and Mongolian have their own alphabets.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Religion


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Thanks to the “Cultural Revolution”, 62% of the population of China (797.7 million people) call themselves atheists.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

However, for a large group of mainland Chinese, religion plays a very important role, especially Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism (recently Catholicism has more than 50 million).


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The PRC is an atheistic secular state, but it allows adherence to religious practices recognized by the government.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

That is, it is possible to exercise, albeit to a limited extent, the right to freedom of conscience.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Taoism and Buddhism, together with the moralistic Confucian code, have been the main religious teachings of China for 2 millennia, so even the communist government cannot neglect this tradition.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The Republic of China, according to official data from the Chinese leadership, does not restrict any religion or creed.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

There are no barriers to the exercise of the right to freedom of conscience in it.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

According to some reports, there are religious restrictions for members of China's only party, the Communist Party of Officials.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Cases of banning religious denominations, such as Falun Gong and radical Islam, are also widely known.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

However, there is another opinion on how the Communist Party of China treats believers [12] [13]: In mid-February 2006, a group of human rights experts from the United Kingdom The Jubilee Campaign publishes 140-page material consisting of classified documents illegally transferred by employees of the Ministry of Public Security of China to the Investigation Committee religious persecution.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Previously, evidence of sadistic persecution of believers in China leaked through information barriers quite often, but this document is the first time that stunned researchers turned out to be official documents that made it possible to judge the scope of anti-religious activities of neo - Maoists, their methodology and plans.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

According to these documents, the Chinese government is engaged in a systematic study of “cults” that can become “a creeping threat to our security and protection.”


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

They mean all religious organizations that are not registered by the public security bodies, except for fourteen registered and, in the opinion of the party leadership, “peace-loving and safe ones.”


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

As part of the “creeping threat”, in addition to local cults, were communities of Catholics and Protestants who decided not to join the “patriotic” religious organizations controlled by atheistic authorities, illegal Buddhist and other religious groups.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

For this kind of “threat to the national security of the People's Republic of China”, believers — Christians, Muslims and others — risk being imprisoned for life or being executed.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Culture


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The events of the 19th and 20th centuries forced the Chinese to think about the need to abandon or preserve their own civilizational model.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Westerners promised China a “bright future” subject to total Westernization and set Japan as an example.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The policy of imposing democracy in traditional Chinese society has been defeated, partly because of an authoritarian “tradition” of government, and partly due to internal and external wars.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Chinese society preserved medieval traditions until the beginning of the so-called “cultural revolution” in China.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Its goal was to reform the Chinese village, promote new communist values, and create a new advanced Chinese culture, “not limited to Confucian dogmas.”


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

As a result of the “revolution”, many cultural figures were repressed, and most traditions were eliminated as “regressive practices” or “feudal remnants”.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The hieroglyphic writing system was reformed, which made the texts of works written by their predecessors inaccessible to future generations.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

However, since the 1980s, the “cultural revolution” was stopped, and the communist government took a course to form a “patriotic nation”, beginning the restoration of traditions.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Taiwan did not carry out such cultural reforms, respecting the traditions of writing and bureaucracy.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

A significant part of the budget of the Republic of China was spent on training specialists in the field


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Writing system


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The Chinese hieroglyphics has more than 50 thousand characters.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

It changed and had different writing styles.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The first signs appear on the bones for divination in 2 millennia BC. e.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Calligraphy, the ability to write hieroglyphs beautifully, is considered the pinnacle of art in China.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Most of the sacred texts of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism are handwritten.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Printing has developed since the Song Dynasty.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The academies of scientists that published and rewrote classics were traditionally sponsored by the state.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Members of the imperial family often took part in academic councils.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

exams


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

One of the main features of traditional Chinese culture was state exams.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

They contributed to the education of an educated elite, since a candidate who knew classical texts well, regardless of social background, was able to occupy the rank of official.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The latter had a high socio-economic status.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Humanities people — writers, philosophers, scientists — were “first class” people in China.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The state fully supported them.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Science


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

China's technological discoveries were as follows:


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Abacus


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Blast furnace (steel)


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Book printing


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Bronze


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Weigh tool


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

clock


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Compass


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Crossbow


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Dry dock


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

fan


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Fireworks and rocket


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Fishing hook


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Gunpowder


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Glider


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Grenade


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Hot air balloon


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Kite


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Lac


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Matches


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Paper


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Paper money


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Parachute


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Piston pump


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

porcelain


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Propeller


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Relief map


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

screw


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Seismograph


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

silk


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Suspension bridge


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Toilet paper


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Toothbrush


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Umbrella


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

wheelbarrow


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Whiskey (as a medical product)


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Other areas of expertise:


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Mathematics was used in architecture and geography.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The pi number was calculated to the seventh decimal place by mathematician Zu Chongzhi in 463.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

The decimal number system has been used in China since the 14th century BC.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Mathematicians Zhu Shijie, Yang Hui, and Liu Zhusen discovered the Pascal Triangle 350 years before Pascal himself drew it.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Biology has received special development in applied sciences — pharmaceuticals and herbology.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Chinese medicine and surgery were not inferior to Western ones.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Innovations in the military sphere were crossbows, the development of sights, multiple launch rocket crossbows, trebuchets that poison gases based on mustard, relief maps, manned kites, fire sticks and missiles, gunpowder, grenades and early bronze cannons.


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Notes


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

See also


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Manchukuo


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Mengjiang


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Literature


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

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Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

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Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization


Question: What word does the name of the country China come from?

Chinese civilization

Category:Civilizations


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

“2x2” (read as “twice two”) is the first commercial TV channel in the history of the USSR and Russia, the broadcast of which consists mainly of cartoons for all ages (mainly for people over 16 years old — At one time, the channel positioned itself as “for children from seven to seventy years old”).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Since April 1, 2007, it has been an animated Russian federal TV channel aimed at an adult audience aged 14-44.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel's database contains more than 200 titles of various animated series, game shows and feature films.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel also has its own 2x2 Animation Studio, which produces the projects “Suspicious Owl”, “Caution, Earthlings!” , Family Pole, MulTV, Keith Stupid Show, etc. 2x2 also produces other of its own content: cycle programs “Immortal Movie”, “Watcher”, “Level Up”, “The Last Gamer”, “School 13: Igroorgy” and others.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Since 2014, 2x2 has been part of Gazprom-Media Holding.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

As of April 2017, the channel employs 45 people [1].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel applied for inclusion in the second multiplex of digital terrestrial television in Russia [2], but could not win the competition held by the Federal Competition Commission (FCC).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

History


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Trial period (July-November 1989)


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel was established by order of the USSR State Television and Radio as a structural unit within the General Directorate of Programs (GDP).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Initially, there were four people on the staff: Sergey Alexandrovich Alekseev (director), Olga Smirnova, Oleg Shchur (director), Olga Lukasik (administrator), in August, as an administrator to the team joined.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Trial broadcasting on the third frequency channel in Moscow and the region began in July 1989 under the name “Commercial TV Channel”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Broadcasting was carried out during the daytime, as in the evening the state Moscow Program broadcast on the same frequency.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The duration of the broadcasts of the Commercial TV channel was not fixed.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

During the advertisement, music videos “All She Wants Is” by Duran Duran, “Always on My Mind” by Pet Shop Boys, “Assez!” Niagara, Fleetwood Mac's “Everywhere”, Sandra's “Around My Heart”, singer Thomas Anders's “Soldier”, Patricia Kaas's “Mon mec à moi”, singer Brian Ferry's “Don't stop the dance”, and excerpts from the Space concert in Moscow.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The employees had only a small room No. 115 behind the bar in ASK 3 (Olympic Television and Radio Complex) and two hardware rooms, terrestrial and editing, APB 8, and AVZM 6-1.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The name “2x2" was invented by the band around the end of July 1989, at the same time (the only artist in the team) developed the general style of the channel and the original version of the emblem, which small changes still exist.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On November 1, 1989, the 2x2 TV channel began broadcasting under its own name on the Moscow Program channel of the CT, and later on MTK.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In the evening (from 18:00 to 23:00), the MTK TV channel was broadcast.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

At first, the channel showed half-hour or more advertising blocks, foreign music videos, and cartoons (in particular, the Soviet TO Ekran), later it was shown and then repeated many times The TV series Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future, aired the series “I Spy” (I Spy), and a video for Video International was shown very often.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Collections of domestic videos were also broadcast on the air, starting with Oleg Beskrovny's video “And there's a knock in the heart” (the main character of this selection was Igor Talkov), clips of the Alla Pugacheva Song Theater from Video International, as well as the Accountant clips of the Combination group, Alena Apina's clips “Street of Love” and “Ksenia”, the Afisha program with DJ Ale-Alena, which also broadcast video clips Russian performers such as Bogdan Titomir and Oleg Gazmanov.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

From the first day of the broadcast, Sergey Shchelkanovtsev's program “Batuallo!” was broadcast.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

At that time, 2x2 was the only domestic TV channel that often showed music videos, which made it stand out from the general background of several existing Soviet TV channels.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel was very popular among Soviet schoolchildren, who, waiting for the most often 20-minute screening of music videos, also watched ad units that sometimes lasted 40 minutes without a break.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

According to a survey of 586 high school students in Moscow schools conducted at the end of 1991, the channel became the leader in popularity: it was watched by 34.16% of respondents [3].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

From June 1990 to May 31, 1992, the channel aired programs of the British television channel.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

One of these programs was Blue Night.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Their share in the broadcast almost immediately became impressive — one or two hour collections of video clips (All Mixed Up; program), thematic programs (music, fashion, sports), movies were broadcast.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Some educational programs were also broadcast, including programs produced by Discovery Channel, including “After 2000”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Since mid-1991, the anime Macron 1 began to be shown.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Since July 1, 1992, the channel has also appeared on the channel, mainly Latin American series.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Among them are: “Nobody But You”, “Senorita”, “Forbidden Woman”, “Revenge”, “Zamarashka”, “Guadeloupe”, “Dear Enemy”, “Blanco's Widow”, “Stolen Love”, “I Can't Live Without You”, etc.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Starting around 1992, the channel began broadcasting a program about heavy and rock music Green Corridor, produced by the BIZ Enterprises production studio entrepreneur Boris Zosimov.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In the future, the channel's musical policy almost completely came under the control of this person, which resulted in the signing by the channel's management of a contract with the owners of the MTV channel in 1993 Europe” to rebroadcast some of the channel's programs (for example, on the night of January 1, 1994, an ABBA concert was shown) At first, clips from MTV's European broadcast were broadcast during the day between TV shows and other programs.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

At first, MTV recordings were broadcast quite often, including VJ blocks, often even without translation.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Among the programs were episodes of Beavis and Butt-head.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Soon, paid videos by Russian artists, such as Vlad Stashevsky and Evgeny Kemerovsky, began to occupy more and more places for MTV videos.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

By the summer of 1994, there was a daily hour-long selection of clips from MTV (aired in the afternoon), which soon disappeared.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Music videos, but no longer from MTV, were occasionally broadcast in the future, still in between series.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Despite the fact that some of Zosimov's ideas (MTV) did not justify themselves, he continued to occupy part of the air, creating the television producer BIZ-TV, which aired a number of music programs and almost the entire musical component of the channel was formed.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Also, as part of this project, the program “Forgotten Names”, dedicated to Soviet pop music, was aired, which later moved to the TV-6 channel, where it aired as part of the Disk Channel program as “Circling discs”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Kirill Nemolyaev was the host of the program.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 1993, 2x2 was first released on satellite, which resulted in the retransmission (recorded) of its broadcasts by some regional partners.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Before going on satellite, the channel broadcast only in Moscow and the region, and through its own transmitters in Tver and Ryazan, with real-time signal delivery via ground-based RRL.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 1993-1994, 2x2 also regularly aired Greenpeace commercials, and therefore Joanna Stingray and Boris Grebenshchikov could often be seen on the channel.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 1993, the news “2x2” appeared.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

From 1992 to 1994 inclusive, the channel broadcast BBC, ITN and Worldnet news in the morning and evening (until 18:00), with one of the morning episodes always broadcast without translation.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 1994, the channel had problems with the Australian television series “”, which gradually moved from a regular melodrama to a more explicit erotic genre.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 1994-1995, the channel peaked in popularity due to its diverse broadcast network, as well as programs such as Dandy New Reality and animated series such as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Later, in 1996, for the first time in Russia, the anime Sailormoon began showing, as well as Mexican-born telenovelas Nobody But You, My Second Mom and Crossroads, the TV series Thunder in Paradise, Highlander and Sledgehammer, Lassie.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On June 9, 1997, the channel lost its place on the “third button” to the new TV channels TV Center and Moskovia [4], moving to the decimeter range, to the 51st decimeter channel, where from 7:00am to 11:00am and from 19:00 until late at night he broadcast Muz-TV.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On Channel 51, 2x2 broadcast from 11 am to 7 pm, with extremely low-quality content, and the predominance of “Shop on the Couch”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On August 14, 1997, the channel stopped broadcasting to Moscow and the region on Channel 51, and under the name AST 2x2 (later repeatedly changing the concept, owners and its name — AST, Prometey AST,” ASTV”, “Astex-TV”) switched exclusively to regional broadcasting via satellite and RRL, up to the complete takeover of Rambler Television Network.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

For a long time after the closure of the old 2x2, there was a company “2x2-Telemarket”, which was the exclusive owner of the rights to a number of films, documentaries, animated series and television series, broadcast by the channel until 1997, on the territory of Russia [5].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On February 27, 2002, 2x2 won a competition for the 43rd decimeter channel in Moscow with the concept of “Shop on the Sofa” [6].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Initially, the launch of the channel was scheduled for November 11, 2002, but was postponed [7], as it turned out that the Moscow Regional Center (Ostankino TV Tower), which distributes signal of central TV channels, will be ready to start providing its services to 2x2 channel only from January 2003 [6].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Then it turned out that the operation of the 2x2 transmitter at 43 UHF is influenced by electronic means of one of the units of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The launch of 2x2 was postponed to January 3, 2003, but it also did not take place [7].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In April 2003, tests were carried out on broadcasting on the 44th UHF frequency, which showed that it was suitable for broadcasting [6], but it was launched a few years later for broadcasting Channel Five in Moscow.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

A month later, in May, members of an interdepartmental working group made up of representatives of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Communications and the RTRS came to the conclusion that the 60th UHF frequency would be allocated for broadcasting to the 2x2 channel.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On July 7, 2003, the channel began broadcasting on 60 TVCs in Moscow in an experimental mode [6].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Since September 1 of the same year, the channel began to fully air.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

From the first days of broadcasting the “revived” 2x2, most of the channel's airtime was made up of the programs of the popular fashion TV channel Fashion TV [8] and clips of domestic performers “Difficult Childhood” production studio.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The title of the program was named after Vladimir Markin's popular song “Lilac Fog”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Legally, the new 2x2 was not connected with the old TV channel, which was closed in 1997 — its founder was CJSC TV Channel 2x2-Moscow [9] [10].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The new 2x2 defined its concept as “television for the active consumer”, a kind of television guide to the market of goods and services [6].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

According to the prescribed concept, 50% of the broadcasting of the “new” 2x2 channel was occupied by the retransmission of Fashion TV programs [6].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The programs of our own production were intended for young audiences.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel aimed at an audience under 45 years old with an income above $300, who pay great attention to their lifestyle [6].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In accordance with the concept, the channel fundamentally refused to introduce news, social, socio-political or criminal programs into its broadcasting schedule [6].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 2004, Style TV signed a long-term cooperation agreement with 2x2 TV channel.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In the same year, the channel's frequency rebroadcast the programs of its network partner, Style TV channel, with the 2x2 logo (interrupting broadcasting to the TV store).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

By 2005-2006, a critical time had come on the channel: the TV store almost completely displaced the rest of the programs from the channel's broadcasting schedule [11] (there was no logo, a screensaver indicating a certificate of media registrations only appeared before music videos).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Basically, in the broadcasting grid of the then 2x2 there were presentations of goods from the TV Club TV store.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The broadcast of the TV store was divided into thematic headings: from kitchen goods to fitness equipment.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On the night from Friday to Saturday, the channel broadcast feature films and TV shows [12].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Music videos were also broadcast on the broadcasting schedule.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In February 2006, the 2x2 TV channel was acquired by ProfMedia Holding [13].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

At the same time, 2x2 began broadcasting on the Rambler frequency TV Network.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On October 3, 2006, the new owners presented an updated broadcasting concept for 2x2 [14].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In turn, in early 2007, TV Club, which rented the entire broadcasting schedule of the channel back in the spring of 2005, decided to launch its own 2x2 TV channel [11].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Only residents of Moscow and the Moscow region were the first to see the channel thanks to the AKADO cable network, and soon the channel became available throughout Russia.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Since 2007


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Since March 19, 2007, 2x2 has been broadcasting fragments of animated series [15], after which the broadcast time was shown, as well as a promotional screensaver with the slogan “Turn off your brain, turn on 2x2!”


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

At the bottom was the inscription “Demo version of the channel” [16].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Periodically, it was replaced by the number of days remaining before the launch of the new channel.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On April 1, 2007, 2x2 underwent the final rebranding [17], and the channel switches to a new broadcasting format [18].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

As a result, 2x2 has undergone major changes: a change in management and staff followed, and a change in the logo and graphic design was made [15].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel began to position itself as “the first Russian animation channel for adults” [19].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The cartoons shown have been translated or dubbed into Russian.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Some of them have already been shown on other Russian channels up to 2x2, for example, The Simpsons, Futurama, Family Guy, South Park (REN TV), Beavis and Butt-head, Starfight to the Death (MTV Russia).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

For the first few months, the animated 2x2 was presented in St. Petersburg [20], Moscow and the Moscow region (including in the Mostelecom package [21], where 2x2 has been broadcasting since 2005), and since June its expansion into the regions has begun.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel's broadcasting in most other regions of Russia began on the site of the closed ProfMedia and the exhausted educational channel Rambler Television Network [15].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

By the end of 2007, the animated 2x2 began to achieve its first success — in the first two autumn months, it managed to increase its audience [22] and outstrip such major channels as TNT, MTV Russia and Channel One [23].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Later, 2x2 managed to attract an age group that traditionally does not watch TV — young men and those who have long been disappointed in TV [24].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 2008, the legal entity CJSC TV Channel 2x2-Moscow was renamed into CJSC Television and Radio Company 2x2 [25].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 2010, it was re-registered in 2x2 TV and Radio Company LLC.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

At the beginning of 2009, the 2x2 office moved to Varshavskoye Shosse, 9, building 1.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Before moving, there was a textile factory [26].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On November 30, 2010, it was announced that the channel had begun broadcasting WWE RAW on February 5, 2011.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The two-year contract was announced on wwe.com [27].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

WWE management also spoke positively about the return of the demonstration of WWE programs on Russian television.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On September 14, 2012, 2x2 began satellite broadcasting with shifts “+2 MSK” and “+5 MSK”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In February 2014, after Gazprom-Media Holding acquired 100% of ProfMedia shares, the channel, along with Friday! and TV-3 [28] became part of Gazprom-Media.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

And a little more than a year later, in March 2015, after a slight reorganization of the holding, the channel became part of the Gazprom-Media Entertainment Television sub-holding (Gazprom-Media RTV), its office and channel offices” TNT”, “TV-3” and “Friday! moved to the building of the Diamond Hall business center (Olimpiysky Avenue, Building 14)” [29].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On January 1, 2016, the channel lost part of its air frequencies to TNT4 TV channel (before rebranding — TNT-Comedy) [30] [31].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Nevertheless, the share of the channel has not undergone significant changes, and the coverage also remained federal and all-Russian, as in most large cities it was already retransmitted only in cable networks .


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Since 2017, the channel has been broadcasting episodes of the popular YouTube series Meet Bob from the YouTube channel of the same name as cross-programs.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Since April 10, 2018, an online broadcast has appeared on the channel's website [32], which differs from the on-air version by the lack of a progress bar (a strip showing the time remaining until the end of the program) and hours; is maintained for the Moscow time zone (+0).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Leadership


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

CEOs


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Vladimir Troepolsky (1991—1997) [33]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Kirill Lysko (2003—2006) [34]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Natalya Vashko (2006 [35] —2008) [36] [37]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Roman Sarkisov (2008—2012) [38] [39]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Lev Makarov (2012 [40] —2016 [41])


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Directors


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Sergey Alekseev (1989—1991)


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Denis Vsesvyatsky (from September 23, 2016 [42])


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Broadcast policy


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The broadcasting schedule consists mostly of American and British animated shows for adults, and since the summer of 2009, the channel, according to the terms of the license renewal [43], has also aired non-animated series in a special night block 2x2|new.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

For the most part, these are satirical or parody shows with their own special, in a sense even absurd, non-standard humor.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

This has never happened on Russian television before.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

At the end of 2007, the channel began broadcasting some of the famous anime series.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In March 2008, the channel was advised not to broadcast the animated series Happy Tree Friends for promoting violence and Big Jeff's Adventures) for pornography.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

A well-known Russian translator took part in the translation of a number of TV shows (South Park, King of the Hill, Papal Town, Half-liter Mouse, Robot Chicken, Tom Goes to the Mayor and Uncontrolled) for 2x2 Dmitry “Goblin” Puchkov.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Also, the animated series “Ghetto” was voiced by famous rappers Noggano and Coupe.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

And the animated series “38 Monkeys” is Leonid Parfenov.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On New Year's Eve from 2008 to 2009, 2x2 immediately after the chiming clock showed a concert with the participation of the young avant-garde composer Nikolai Voronov, who became famous in Runet for his song “Belaya the dragonfly of love.”


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In addition, cat trainer Vladimir Krasnolozhkin performed as part of the New Year's concert.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On New Year's Eve, you could see other artists on the channel who would never be shown by the rest of the programs [44].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The family block is also shown during the daytime, most of the block's series are intended exclusively for children.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The Law “On Protection of Children from Harmful Information” was reflected on the air of “2x2”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In August 2012, Lev Makarov, general director of the channel, told Interfax that a number of popular TV shows would be “cut”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

For example, the show “Tickling and Scratches” from “The Simpsons”, along with the episodes containing it, “moved” to the night broadcast (23:40), and “South Park” lost some scenes with the murders of Kenny [45].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Animation night


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel holds the annual Animation Night campaign, which is a non-stop night screening of festival animation films at the Oktyabr cinema (in 2016 — at the Cinema Park Riviera cinema) in Moscow and the Mirage cinema in St. Petersburg (Animation Night only on October 9, 2009).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Broadcast


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Moscow — 34 TCEs from 00:00 to 12:00 DVB-T2


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Birobidzhan — 1 TVK [46]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Broadcasting is curtailed


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Replaced by Super TV channel from January 1, 2018


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Arzamas — 37 TVCs


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Replaced by TNT4 on January 1, 2016 [47]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Arzamas — 43 TCEs (resumed at 37 TCEs since December 12, 2016) [48];


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Achinsk — 50 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Berezniki — 23 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Voronezh — 31 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Moscow — 60 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Nakhodka — 60 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Nevinnomyssk — 45 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Nizhny Novgorod — 49 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Pervouralsk — 52 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

St. Petersburg — 22 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Severodvinsk — 53 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Syzran — 56 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Ussuriisk — 44 TCEs.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Replaced by Friday! since May 12, 2014 [49]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Miass — 7 TCEs;


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Novomoskovsk — 21 TCEs.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Satellite broadcasting


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Conflicts


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The 2008 Warning


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In early March 2008, Rossvyazokhrankultura issued a warning to the TV channel [50] for “promoting the cult of violence and cruelty, causing damage to the health, moral and spiritual development of the child , an assault on public morals” due to the broadcast of the cartoons “The Adventures of Big Jeff” and “Happy Tree Friends”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

If the TV channel receives a second warning within a year, it may lose its broadcasting license.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In April 2008, their Youtube channel was suspended, but their Youtube page was later returned.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Response


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel stopped broadcasting these series, posting a message on its official website: “You will never see Little Forest Friends and The Adventures of Big Jeff again, and here's why...” link to the news section of Rossvyazokhrankultury website


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Viewers' messages in support of the channel were posted on the main page of the official 2x2 website.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Throughout March and April, during the screening of all the series below, there was a message in the TV picture: “Remembrance Day for Little Forest Friends and Big Jeff.”


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Many thematic videos and screensavers also appeared on the channel's air, for example: one of the screensavers reported that due to the decision of Rossvyazokhrankultury, the 2x2 channel decided to replace these series demonstrate a “good old children's cartoon” followed by scenes from the cartoon (Looney Tunes) with Bugs Bunny, in which a coyote is hit by a train, Bugs Bunny shooting at his opponent with a cannon point-blank.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The channel aired videos with “gravestones” that read: “Little Forest Friends” and “Big Jeff”, as well as photos of animals covered with black a strip of genitals.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

However, all this did not affect the ruling in any way.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The general director of the channel Sarkisov Roman Alexandrovich expressed doubts about the possibility of appealing the decision, but expressed a desire to present Rossvyazokhrankultura with the opinion of the subject of propaganda of violence and immorality in the TV shows removed from the air.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

[51] An independent examination was carried out by Versiya and it did not reveal calls for violence in the cartoons [52].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

2008 Claims


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The broadcasting license of 2x2 TV channel expired in October 2008 [53], so the state commission had to consider extending it no later than September 2008.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In accordance with the current legislation, the decision to renew the license will be made on the basis of the compliance of the broadcast with the declared format and feedback from viewers.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Shortly before the consideration of the issue of renewing the license, at the end of August 2008, the Russian United Union of Christians of Evangelical Faith (Pentecostal) (one of the movements of Protestantism) submitted to the head Yuri Chaika's Prosecutor General's Office complaint against 2x2 TV channel [54].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Pentecostals also said that the channel's episode of “Christmas Carols by Mr. Hankey” [55] of the animated series “South Park” offended the religious feelings of Christians and Jews, and demanded that on the air of this animated series.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

A little later, claims were added to some episodes of Futurama, The Simpsons, Metalocalypse, Lenore, Family Guy, Evil Boy, Multireality, Robot Chicken and some others.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In particular, experts involved by the Prosecutor General's Office claimed that these animated series cause “physical and mental suffering”, “panic”, “horror” and “fear” [56].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

At the same time, the Basmannaya Interdistrict Prosecutor's Office conducted an examination that recognized the content of one of the episodes of the South Park series as extremist [57].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

According to fans of the channel and a number of officials [58] [59], the experts involved were biased and incompetent.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

A campaign in support of the channel was launched in blogs.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The prosecutor's office recommended that the TV channel remove these episodes from the air, declaring them extremist.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

It was noted that these claims may be the reason for refusing to renew the license.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

After the decision of the prosecutor's office, the Pentecostal initiative was supported by leaders of the Muslim community of Nizhny Novgorod [


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Two weeks later, the channel followed the recommendation of the prosecutor's office, removing from the air “South Park” and “Robot Chicken”, as well as problematic episodes of other TV shows.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Nevertheless, the management of “2x2” stated that the decision of the prosecutor's office will be appealed in court [62].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 2009, the court overturned the warning to the channel [63].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On September 24, 2008, the Federal Competition Commission for Television and Radio Broadcasting unanimously recommended extending the license of the TV channel [64], and on October 16, Rossvyazkomnadzor extended the broadcasting license to 17 October 2013 [43].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 2009, South Park returned to the air and, as a rule, aired after 23:00.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Many problematic episodes have been removed.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

It is worth noting the censorship of all extremist and anti-Christian scenes, despite the fact that the series often touches on more controversial topics.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Protests


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In September 2008, fans of the channel organized a number of actions in support of the channel in Moscow and St. Petersburg:


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Collecting signatures in support of the renewal of the channel's license [65] 34,000 signatures were collected [66].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Picket series


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Picket in Novopushkinsky public garden on September 13, 2008 [67]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

A series of single pickets on the Garden Ring September 20, 2008 [68]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Picket on Slavyanskaya Square on September 21, 2008 [69]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Picket in Chernyshevsky Garden on September 21, 2008 [70]


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Picket in Novopushkinsky public garden on September 22, 2008


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Different opinions were expressed regarding the reasons for the persecution of the channel


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

A concert in support of the channel at the PLAN B club in Moscow was attended by more than two thousand people.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Because of such a crowd of people, the administration of the club decided to call the police, and the crowd was dispersed.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In support of the channel, Russian rappers Noggano and Kupe recorded a song.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Censorship in 2009-2012


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In 2007-2008, there was no censorship on 2x2.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

After the scandal of 2008 in 2009-2012, the channel began to censor old cartoons (previously shown on REN TV, TNT, MTV and its own series of 2007-08).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Censorship did not apply to the new episodes.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The most famous examples are:


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In July 2009, the channel cut out a scene featuring Vladimir Putin and characters similar to the Russian Prime Minister and former US president from the broadcast “Free Villziak” episode of South Park , which was perceived by critics as a manifestation of self-censorship, was also cut out the scene of smoking drugs by one of the supporting characters in the series, Towel in the series “The Towel” [72].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In the first season of Monkey Dust, most of the scenes featuring a character named Jeff were cut out.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

From the old episodes of Family Guy (mainly from season 4) and South Park, a lot of episodes were cut out to such an extent that the latter sometimes disappeared the meaning of the series.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Censorship since 2012


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

After the entry into force of the Law “On the Protection of Children from Harmful Information” in September 2012, the channel's air underwent changes: at first, censorship was present even in the premiere series: in season 22” The Simpsons” in some episodes with “Tickle and Scratch”, the cartoon was cut out or sealed with a running line or banner, and in season 8 of Family Guy, episodes mentioning drugs were cut out, homosexuality and child abuse.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

But since November 2012, all episodes with Tickle and Scratch, along with the Simpsons series containing it, began to show at 11:40pm in a special night column, where some of the 22 episodes premiered and 23 seasons.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Also, in Season 9 and Season 10 of Family Guy, there are no cut episodes.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Now censorship applies to almost all “16+” and “18+” series released before September 2012.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In addition to the previously cut scenes, other words are “noisy”: curses and insults of a non-obscene nature, names and references to drugs, etc. In episode 10 of season 8 of “The Simpsons” censored Homer Simpson's playful phrase that “beer is not for children, beer for dads and boys with forged documents”, said to his son in response to a request the latter to treat him to a beer.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In May 2017, 2x2 refused to show the Simpsons series, in which Homer had fun in church playing Peekimon Get (an analogue of Pokemon Go) on his smartphone [73].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

According to Anastasia Shablovskaya, PR director of the channel, 2x2 will not show “content that can compromise the channel and cause a mixed reaction in society” [74].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The 2x2 statement was made after the series was criticized by representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church [73].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The second warning


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In June 2013, Roskomnadzor issued another warning to the TV channel for broadcasting the cartoon South Park [75].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The agency noted that the cartoon promotes the “cult of violence and cruelty”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

The 2x2 TV channel said that they had requested the case materials related to the inspection from Roskomnadzor and would take measures after reviewing the case.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

“At the same time, it should be noted that the channel is intended for an adult audience, in particular, South Park is labeled “18+” and is broadcast after 11 pm,” the 2x2 message reads.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Criticism from the head of the “Union of Viewers”


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

On October 6—7, 2014, Moscow hosted the 10th Congress of Commissioners for Children's Rights in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation “Formation of state policy in the field of raising children is a priority task for the family, society and states”.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

One of the highlights was the speech of Bishop Konstantin Bendas, head of the public movement “Union of Viewers”, dedicated to the safety of the younger generation in the light of performance Federal Law “On the Protection of Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development” (No. 436-FZ of December 29, 2010).


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

According to Bendas, the law has become a mere formality.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

In practice, no one monitors or examines television content.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Rossvyazokhrankultura is mainly engaged in issuing licenses and does not have experts on its staff to carry out high-quality monitoring of television broadcasts.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

All this leads to the fact that films, programs, news stories and animated series that directly or indirectly promote cruelty, violence, immoral behavior, extremism, use drugs and alcohol continue to be aired.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

A vivid example in the field of implanting destructive behavior and lifestyle is the 2x2 TV channel.


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Konstantin Bendas simply read a fragment from the description of the policy of the channel itself: “... the creation of a new generation television for eternally young adults who deny traditional adult values and lead an active lifestyle” [76] [77].


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Notes


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Supplementary literature


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

References


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

on YouTube


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Category:TV channels established in 1989


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Category:Commercial TV channels of the USSR


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Category:Gazprom-Media TV channels


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Category:Russian-language TV channels


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Category:TV channels in Moscow and Moscow region


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Category:24 hour TV channels


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Category:Entertainment TV channels


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Category:Satellite TV channels in Russia


Question: In which country was the 2x2 TV channel created?

2x2

Category:HD TV channels


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The President of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is the High Representative of the Republic of Poland and the guarantor of the continuity of state power [1].


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The legal status of the President of Poland is enshrined in Section V of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

A list of Polish heads of state since 1918 is given, including persons who held posts that were named differently from the President of the Republic of Poland, but were the posts of head of state.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Elections and powers


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The President of the Republic is elected by the people for a five-year term by universal, equal, direct elections and secret ballot.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Presidential elections are appointed by the Marshal of the Seimas.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

In relations with the branches of government, the President acts as an arbitrator [2].


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

It has the right of legislative initiative and the right of veto.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

It issues acts: orders, orders, resolutions that must comply with the laws.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

For acts of the President not related to Part 3.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

art.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

144 of the Constitution provides for a countersignature [2].


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Republic of Poland (1918—1939)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The Polish Republic, also known as the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska, II Rzeczpospolita), was a Polish state restored in 1918.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The name emphasizes the continuous connection with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569—1795), which was liquidated as a result of its divisions between the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at the end of the 18th century.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The Foundation of the State (1918—1922)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The beginning of the history of the II Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is considered to be the year when Polish troops disarmed the German garrison in Warsaw, and Jozef Pilsudski, who returned from German captivity, took military power from the hands of the Kingdom Polish.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Pilsudski also assumed civil power, and the Regency Council and the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland gave Pilsudski the powers of interim chief of state (Polish: Tymczasowy naczelnik państwa).


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The elected Legislative Sejm of the Year appointed Pilsudski “Head of State” (Polish: Naczelnik państwa) [3].


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The pre-war period (1922—1939)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The constituent Seimas adopted a constitution that approved the republican system.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

A bicameral parliament, the National Assembly, was established, consisting of the Seimas and the Senate, which was elected for a period of 5 years by universal, equal and secret proportional voting.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

In 1926, after the coup d'état, an authoritarian rehabilitation regime led by Jozef Pilsudski was established in Poland, nullifying the basic principles underlying the constitution.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The Seimas adopted a new constitution, according to which the President was recognized as the source and bearer of state power, concentrating state power in his person.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

After the attack on Poland of the year of Nazi Germany, the Polish government led by President Ignace Mostitsky fled the country to Romania, crossing the border on the night of the years, but was interned by the Romanian authorities at the request of Germany.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

On the same day, the USSR sent its troops to the Curzon Line in eastern Poland, occupying its eastern part.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Polish government in exile (1939—1990)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The Government of Poland in Exile (Polish: Rząd RP na uchodźstwie) was the government of the Republic of Poland, which operated after the flight from the country in September 1939 by its supreme leadership during the German occupation.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

During the war and in the first post-war years, it led the Polish underground state, formations of the Polish armed forces in the West and the Polish underground in Poland itself (Army Craiova, Freedom and Independence).


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The government was successively housed in Paris (since the year), Angers (November 1939) and London (November 1940).


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Successors of the President (if the post is free)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

After the outbreak of World War II, President Ignacy Mostitsky of the Year appointed Marshal of Poland Edward Rydz-Smigloy, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Army, as his successor as president of the freedom of office until the conclusion of peace” (in accordance with Article 24 of the Constitution).


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

This decision was overturned for years.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

General Boleslaw Wieniawa-Dlugoszowski was appointed a new person with such powers.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

This decision was overturned for years.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

List of presidents in exile


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

President Ignacy Mostitsky crossed the border into Romania of the year.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

There he was interned and handed over the post of president to General Boleslav Wieniawa-Dlugoszewski for a year, with which the French authorities did not agree, demanding the transfer of the post of president to Vladislav Raczkiewicz; Mostitsky fulfilled this condition of the year, which made Rachkevich the first president in exile.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

and he and all subsequent persons in office were formally independent politicians.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The United Kingdom and the United States have ceased to recognize this government.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Despite the statement of the Potsdam Conference in August 1945 that it “no longer exists”, it continued to function.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The last states to recognize the emigrant government of Poland were Ireland, Spain and the Holy See (until 1958).


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Formally, it ended its activities after Lech Walesa took the oath of office as President of Poland and the transfer of historical presidential regalia to him by the president in exile Ryszard Kaczorowski.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The post-war period (1944—1952)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

In contrast to the London government of Poland in exile, Craiova Rada Narodowa (Polish: Krajowa Rada Narodowa, “State National Council”) was created, a political organization, in which was subsequently transformed into a parliament that lasted up to a year.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Boleslaw Berut, representing the Polish Workers' Party, was elected Chairman of the Craiova Rada of Narodowa with the rights of head of the Polish state.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

years after holding in, at its first meeting, Boleslav Berut was elected to the restored post of President of the Republic of Poland.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

years, after the election of the collective head of state - the State Council by the Seimas on the basis of the adopted year of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland, the post of President of the Republic was abolished, and Boleslav Berkut himself Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

People's Republic of Poland (1952—1989)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The People's Republic of Poland (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa) was the official name of Poland between 1952 and 1989.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland was adopted in the year, significant amendments were made in 1976.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The legislative body was the unicameral Saeima, elected for 4 years, the collective head of state until 1989 - the State Council, elected by the Seimas for a period of 4 years, since 1989 - the President, the executive body is the Council of Ministers appointed by the Seimas.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

In fact, the state was one-party, dominated by the Polish United Workers' Party.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Small parties (mainly the Democratic Party and), as well as trade union, youth and other public organizations, were united into a socio-political organization (which also acted as Electoral Bloc), which has been called the National Front (Polish: Front Narodowy since 1952, Polish: Front Jedności Narodu), since 1956, transformed into (Polish: Patriotyczny Ruch Odrodzenia Narodowego).


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

By amending the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland, the country was returned to the historical name “Rzeczpospolita Polska” (Polish Republic).


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Republic of Poland (since 1989)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The Polish Republic, also known as the Third Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska, III Rzeczpospolita), is the name of Poland returned to it of the year by amending the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

the “Constitutional Law on the Procedure for the Preparation and Adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland” was adopted, the year - the “Constitutional Law on Mutual Relations between the Legislative and Executive Powers, and also territorial self-government”, called the Small Constitution.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The document announced the termination (with some exceptions) of the Constitution of 1952.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The law also provided for the adoption of a new constitution by the Seimas and Senate


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The modern Constitution of Poland was adopted for a year and approved in a referendum of the year.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

The President of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) became the Head of State again.


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

See also


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

President of the Polish People's Republic


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Prime Minister of Poland


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Notes


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Literature


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

References


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

(in Polish) (in English)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

(in English)


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland


Question: Who is the President of Poland in 2019?

President of Poland

Poland


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

The Basilica of Santa Prassede (Italian: Santa Prassede) is a Roman titular church in the name of Saint Praxeda, located on Esquilino Hill in the immediate vicinity of the “grand basilica” of Santa Maria Maggiore.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

Greek monks who fled Byzantine iconoclasm and found shelter at Paschalius I in Rome created a cycle of mosaics of presbytery (on the themes of the Apocalypse) and the Chapel of St. Zeno in the basilica.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

The latter, for its exceptional beauty, was called the “Garden of Eden”.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

In the same chapel, one of the instruments of the Passion of Christ is kept, a pillar to which Christ was allegedly tied during His scourge.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

Construction history


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

Paschalia I Basilica


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

According to legend, the first baptistery on this site was built by Saint Praxeda on her estate, inherited after the death of her father (Senator Pood), sister (Saint Pudentiana) and brother (Novata).


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

Here, during the persecution, Antonina Pia Praxeda hid persecuted Christians, and also collected the bodies of martyrs, who were then buried by her in the catacombs of Priscilla.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

The first written mention of the titulus Praxedis church dates back to 491, then Liber Pontificalis speaks of Popes Adrian I and Leo III who decorated the church.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

However, archaeological evidence of the existence of the basilica until the beginning of the 9th century has not yet been found.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

The existing basilica was built by Pope Paschal I around 817 and has generally retained its original appearance.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

The three-nave basilica with an apse oriented to the north-west was already located in the back of the block, in a labyrinth of streets, on an artificial terrace, so the entrance to the building was preceded by a staircase and an extensive square atrium with a quadcopter.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

The original St. Peter's Basilica was adopted as a model for construction.


Question: When was St. Zeno's Chapel created in the Basilica of Santa Prasseda?

Basilica of Saint Praxeda

Paschalius I brought to the newly built basilica the relics of 2,300 martyrs from the Roman catacombs, including the “titular” saints Praxeda and Pudentiana.