Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

A. F. Bubyr and N. IN. Vasiliev said.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

House 106:1910-1912, architect A.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

A. D. Dahlberg and K. K. Cohenderfer.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

This is the last house on the left (even) side of the avenue.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Building 79 (the other facade faces Petropavlovskaya Street, 4): K. M. Sokolovsky, 1910—1911, architect A.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

S. S. Korvin-Krukovsky.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Building 81 (the other facade faces Petropavlovskaya Street, 6): 1910—1911 — D. M. Goncharova.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Architects K. AND. Rosenstein, A. ME.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Rodionov said.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Building 83 (other facades overlook the Karpovka embankment and Petropavlovskaya Street, 8): 1911, architect A.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

IN. K. Weiss (A. D. Baranovskaya).


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

The house is decorated with round corner towers (on the facade facing Bolshoy Prospekt, there was a sculptural image of an eagle with raised wings, lost in the 1990s).


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Before the revolution, this house housed the office of the joint-stock company of P. IN. Baranovsky, in which in the summer of 1917 V. AND. Lenin met with L. B.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Krasin, about which the memorial plaque has been preserved.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

This is the last house on the right (odd) side of the avenue.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Until 2001, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences M. AND. Budyko, the author of the theory underlying modern research on global warming.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

See also


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Not far from the beginning of the avenue there are sports complexes Petrovsky (Petrovsky Island, 2) and Yubileiny (ul. Dobrolyubova, 18), as well as the Prince Vladimir Cathedral.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

From the south-west to the north-east, Bolshoy Prospekt P. S. crosses the following streets (or borders them):


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Zhdanovskaya embankment;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Dobrolyubova Avenue;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Blokhina Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Zverinskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Syezzhinskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Krasny Kursant Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Pionerskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Monchegorskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Liza Chaikina Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Krasnoselskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Ropshinskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Vvedenskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Fisherman Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Izhorskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Kolpinskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Strelninskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Oranienbaum Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Shamsheva Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Gatchinskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Lakhtinskaya Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Lenina Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Polozova Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Podkovyrova Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Podrezova Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Barmaleev Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Plutalova Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Ordinary Street;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt;


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Karpovka river embankment.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Notes


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Literature


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

D. A. Kryzhanovsky//Architecture of Leningrad.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

1941, No. 2.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

C. 73.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Isachenko V. G. Architecture of Saint Petersburg.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

Guidebook.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

— SPb.: “Paritet”, 2004.


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

— 416 s — ISBN 5-93437-125-8


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

References


Question: What is the length of Bolshoy Prospekt on the Petrogradskaya Side?

Bolshoy Prospekt, Petrogradskaya Side

on the site


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Irish mythology is the mythology of Ireland, which is part of the corpus of Celtic mythology.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The surviving sources allow us to divide the corpus of texts of Irish mythology into four main cycles: mythological, Oulad, the Finn (or Ossian) cycle and the royal or historical cycle.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

In addition, there are a certain number of materials that are not part of the cycles.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Ireland is the “most Celtic” country


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The main problem when studying Celtic mythology is that we have very few reliable sources of it.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

We mainly judge the Celts and their culture by what was written by ancient researchers.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The attitude towards such evidence is, of course, cautious, since it is very difficult to single out what is truly Celtic and what is superficial in such testimonies, since the Celts were defeated by Rome and Gaul quickly romanized.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The ancient authors themselves were not without some bias and assessed what they saw according to their ideas about the gods and the heavenly hierarchy.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

In this sense, Ireland is in a special position, as it was not conquered by the Romans, and therefore was freed from the influence of an alien culture.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Another problem could be the process of adopting Christianity (4th-5th centuries), since Christianization has always been accompanied by the displacement of pagan culture.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Fortunately, the Irish sagas that have survived to us are almost devoid of noticeable Christian influence.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

For this reason, when studying Celtic mythology, the greatest interest is the corpus of Irish legends.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Sources of sagas


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The origin of the Irish sagas is not fully understood.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

It is even controversial that at first they existed orally, and then, with the advent of Christianity in Ireland, they were recorded (and not invented) by monks.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

In any case, the recording of Celtic sagas that form an epic was perhaps the greatest cultural achievement of medieval Ireland.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The oldest of these surviving manuscripts is The Book of the Brown Cow (con. XI — Beginning XII centuries), which got its name for the parchment on which it was written.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

It is kept in the library of the Royal Academy of Ireland.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Less ancient are the Leinster Book (early. 12th century, Trinity College Dublin Library) and Rawlinson B 502 (Rawl.) (Bodley Library, Oxford University).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

At the same time, most of the materials date back much earlier than the time these manuscripts were created.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Linguistic analysis shows that some prose passages date back to the 7th century, and some of the poems may have been recorded in the 6th century.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

There is also a collection of four manuscripts that appeared in western Ireland in the late 14th and early 15th centuries: The Yellow Book of Lekan, The Great Book of Lekan, The Book of Wi Meine, and The Ballymot Book.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The first of them contains part of the earliest known version of the Bull Kidnapping from Qualnge and is stored at Trinity College.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The other three are at the Royal Academy.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Other 15th-century manuscripts (e.g. The Book of Fermoy) and later syncretic works, such as Jeffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn (History of Ireland) (c. 1640) are also worth noting. especially since later drafters may have had manuscripts that had now disappeared.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

However, it should be borne in mind that most of the manuscripts were created by Christian monks who had dual feelings: the desire to perpetuate their native culture and religious confrontation with pagan beliefs; as a result of this cognitive dissonance, some gods were eugemerized.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Later sources could also contain a propaganda component, as they were intended to create their own Irish history that could withstand comparison with the mythical the origin of the British invaders from the founders of Rome, spread by Galfried of Monmouth and others.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

There was also a marked tendency to fit Irish genealogies to the then known Greek or biblical ancestry diagrams.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Previously, it was considered indisputable that medieval Irish literature preserved an ancient tradition in a form of oral culture of the ancient Celts that had hardly changed over the centuries.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Kenneth Jackson described the Oulad cycle as a “window to the Iron Age,” and Garrett Olmsted tried to draw parallels between The Bull Hijacking from Qualnge and the iconography of the Gundestrup Cauldron.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

However, this position was challenged by “revisionist” philologists, who believe that most of the texts were created during Christianity as a deliberate imitation of the epic of classical literature, that came along with Latin.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Revisionists found fragments of what they thought had been influenced by the Iliad in The Bull Carrying of the Qualnge and pointed to the existence of Togail Troi, a very early Irish adaptation of the Aeneid, contained in the Leinster Book, and also drew attention to the fact that the material culture of the text is usually closer to the time of writing than to the distant past.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The only thing they agreed on was that they should study the text material more critically.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

Mythological cycle of sagas


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

This is a special cycle, as its sagas are sometimes seen as cosmogonic Celtic myths, that is, myths about the creation of the world, although in this case we are not talking about such grandiose stories as the birth universe, like Babylonian and Scandinavian legends, but just about the design of Ireland's current appearance and the tribes that inhabited it.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The mythological cycle is the least well preserved of all four cycles.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic tales?

Irish mythology

The most important sources are “Old Places” and “The Book of Captures”.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Other sagas in the series are “Dream of Angus”, “Matchmaking to Etane” and “(Second) Battle of Magician Twisted”, as well as one of the most famous Irish sagas, “The Tragedy of the Children of Lear”.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The Book of Captures is a pseudo-history of Ireland, tracing the ancestry of the Irish back to Noah.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The history of the country is presented in the form of a series of invasions, or “seizures” of Ireland by various successive peoples.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

“The Old of the Places” is a grandiose work on onomastics of early Ireland, presenting legends about the names of various memorable places in the form of a sequence of poems.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

It includes a lot of important information about the characters and stories of the Mythological Cycle, including the Battle of Taltiu, in which Tuata de Dananne (one of a sequence of exciting Ireland tribes) were defeated by the Milesians.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

It is important to note that in the Middle Ages, Tuatha De Danan was seen not so much as gods, but as the shape-changing magical population of Ireland's Golden Age.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Texts such as the Book of Captures and the Battle of Mage Tured present them as kings and heroes of the distant past, completing the cycle with stories of their deaths.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

However, there is strong evidence, both in the texts and in other Celtic sources, that they were once considered deities.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The Tuatha de Dananne sagas make up the vast majority of the Mythological cycle.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Ulad cycle of sagas


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The Oulad cycle is complex around the beginning of the Christian era, most of the action takes place in the regions of Ulster and Connaught.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

This series consists of a series of heroic stories about the life of Conkhobar Mac Ness, King Ulster, the great hero Kukhulin, son of Lug, their friends, lovers and enemies.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The cycle is named after the ulads, the population of northeastern Ireland, and the stories revolve around the royal court in Emain Mahe, near the present-day city of Armagh.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The Ulads are closely connected with the Irish colony in Scotland, part of Kukhulin's training takes place there.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The cycle consists of stories of births, childhood and learning, courtship, battles, feasts and deaths of heroes and depicts a military society in which war is a sequence of single skirmishes, and wealth is mainly measured in the number of livestock.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

These stories are written, as a rule, in prose.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The central work of the cycle is the Kidnapping of the Bull from Qualnge.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Other important texts of the Ulad cycle are the tragic death of Aife's only son, Pir Brickren and the Destruction of the House of Da Derg.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

A well-known part of this cycle is The Expulsion of Usneh's Sons, better known as the Deirdre tragedy and the source of plays by John Singh, William Yates, and Vincent Woods.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

In some respects, this cycle is close to mythological.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Some of the mythological characters arise in Ulad, which in the same form changed the form of magic.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Although some characters, such as Medb or Ku Roi, we may suspect that they were once deities, and Kuhulin often shows superhuman perfection, the characters are mortal and embedded at a specific time and place.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

If the mythological cycle corresponds to the Golden Age, then the Uladsky cycle corresponds to the Age of Heroes.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Finn or Ossian cycle


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

These sagas also tell about heroes, but if in the sagas of the Ulad cycle, the heroes are mostly loners, then this series of sagas is dedicated to the camaraderie of warriors and their pleasure of being in a “chosen society beautiful young warriors.”


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The central saga in this group of stories is “The Persecution of Dearmaid and Graine”, dedicated to the love and tragic death of lovers.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Perhaps this change of mood in the sagas is due to the fact that the heyday of the cycle coincides with the spread in Europe of courtly poetry of troubadours and trovers, as well as novels of the Arthur type.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The Royal or Historical Cycle


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The sagas of the last royal cycle tell not so much about kings, but about the kingdom as an idea, about dynasties of different regions of Ireland, the change of royal houses and their destinies.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

This cycle includes stories about kings such as Conaire the Great, Conn Hundred Battles, Cormac Mac Art, Niall the Nine Hostages, or Domnall Mac Aeda.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Literature


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Bondarenko G. IN. Mythology of the space of ancient Ireland.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: Languages of Slavic culture, 2003.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 416 p. — (Language. Semiotics. Culture. Small series).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 5-94457-127-6.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Bondarenko G. IN. Myths and society of Ancient Ireland.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: Languages of Slavic culture, 2016.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 512 p. — ISBN 978-5-94457-270-7.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Duan O. Celtis/Trans. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

A. IN. Miloserdova.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: World of Books, 2008.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 128 p.: Il.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— (Myths and legends of the peoples of the world).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 978-5-486-01964-7.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Irish Sagas/Transl. with irl.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

A. A. Smirnova.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— L.: Goslitizdat, 1961.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 3rd ed.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 298 p.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Irish and Welsh tales/Transl. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

N. IN. Shereshevskaya.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: Gandalf-Met, 1993.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 320 p.: Il.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 5-88044-022-2.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Kalygin V. P. Etymological dictionary of Celtic theonyms.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— Moscow: Nauka, 2006.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 182 p. — ISBN 5-02-034377-3.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Celtic mythology/Transl. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

S. Head and A. The head.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: Eksmo Publishing House, 2004.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 640 p. — ISBN 5-699-01165-X.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Celtic myths.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Welsh legends, Irish legends/Transl. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

L. AND. Volodarskaya.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 496 p. — (Bibliotheca Mythologica).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 5-9709-0219-5.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The king of birds.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Irish tales and legends/Transl. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

N. IN. Shereshevskaya.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: KRUG, I. D. Sytin, Roskniga Publ., 1993.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 144 p. — ISBN 5-87020-022-9.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Cartin Jeremiah.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Legends and myths of Ireland/Transl. L. A. Igorevsky.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: ZAO “Tsentrpoligraf”, 2008.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 224 p. — ISBN 978-5-9524-3878-1.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The faces of Ireland.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Book of legends/Transl. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

S. IN. Shabalova.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— SPb.: Summer Garden, 2001.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 286 p. — (Anima Celtica).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 5-94381-002-1.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

McCulloch John Arnott.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Religion of the Ancient Celts/Trans. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

S. P. Yevtushenko.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: ZAO “Tsentrpoligraf”, 2004.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 336 p. — ISBN 5-9524-1303-X.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Mikhailova T. A. Suibne-Gelt is a beast or a demon, a madman or an outcast.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— Moscow: Agraf, 2001.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 448 p. — (Celtic Heritage. Research).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 5-7784-0184-1.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Saint Brendan's sailing.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Medieval legends about travel, eternal wanderers and the appearance of inhabitants of other worlds/Transl. from Latin.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

and Old French.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

N. S. Gorelova.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— SPb.: Azbuka-classic, 2002.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 320 p. — ISBN 5-352-00238-1.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The Kidnapping of the Bull from Qualnge/Trans. with irl.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

S. IN. Shkunaeva, T. A. Mikhailova, V. AND. Shvyryaeva.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1985.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 496 p. — (Literary monuments).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Legends and myths of medieval Ireland/Comp.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

, per. S. IN. Shkunaeva.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 1991.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 284 p. — (University Library).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 5-211-00885-5.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Rhys Alvin, Rhys Brinley.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Celtic heritage.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

An ancient tradition in Ireland and Wales/Trans. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

T. A. Mikhailova.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: Enigma, 1999.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 480 p. — (History of Spiritual Culture).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 0-500-27039-2.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Rolleston Thomas.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Myths, legends and legends of the Celtics/Trans. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

E.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

IN. Glushko.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: ZAO “Tsentrpoligraf”, 2004.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 349 p. — ISBN 5-9524-1063-4.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Sagas about ulads/Trans. from irl.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

T. A. Mikhailova, S. IN. Shkunaeva, N. YU.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Chekhonadskaya, N. A. Nikolaeva.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— Moscow: Agraf, 2004.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 640 p. — (Celtic Heritage. Sources).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 5-7784-0270-8.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Tales of the British Isles: In 2 vol.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Irish tales.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Welsh tales/Transl. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

N. IN. Shereshevskaya.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: Izd-vo im.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Sabashnikov Publ., 1992.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 256 p. — ISBN 5-8242-0009-2.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Stephens James.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

The Five Kingdoms of Ireland: the battles, love and journeys of Irish leaders and heroes/Transl. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

IN. Firsova, S. Yermakova, L. Kolotushkin.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: Manager, 1998.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 224 p. — ISBN 5-87457-128-0.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Bran's wonderful voyage.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Based on Celtic legends/Transl. from English.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

E.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

IN. Interceptual.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— M.: Terra, 1996.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 480 p.: Il.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— (UNICORNIS).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 5-300-00359-X.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Shirokova N. S. Myths of Celtic peoples — M.: Astrel, AST LLC, Tranzitkniga LLC, 2005.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— 432 p.: Il.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— (Myths of the peoples of the world).


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

— ISBN 5-17-019444-7, ISBN 5-271-08709-3, ISBN 5-9578-0397-9.


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

Internet sources


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology

References


Question: What are the names of classical Icelandic legends?

Irish mythology


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Recreation is one of the largest parks in the capital, located in the Eastern Administrative District of Moscow.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The territory of the Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Recreation is an object of cultural heritage — a monument of landscape art and a specially protected natural area and is located within the boundaries of the Natural and Historical Park” Izmailovo”.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The area of Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Recreation is 310 hectares.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The director of the park is Alexey Alexandrovich Ogloblin.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Location


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The boundaries of the park


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

— from the West — the highway of the Fourth Ring Road;


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

— from the East — st. Main alley;


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

— from the North — Izmaylovskoye Shosse (Partizanskaya metro station);


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

— from the South — Highway Entuziastov (Shosse Entuziastov metro station).


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The park is surrounded by residential areas Izmailovo, Sokolinaya Gora and Perovo.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

History


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The territory of the Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Recreation has a rich history dating back to the reign of Alexey Mikhailovich.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the 17th century, dense forests rich in birds and animals rustled on the territory of the modern Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Recreation.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

That is why Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Tishaishy, a big fan of hunting, chose these places for his palace estate.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Alexey Mikhailovich, following his then European passion for park art, arranged in his estate “Wonderful Gardens” with a wide range of plants — prototypes of Russian botanical gardens.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

They were decorated with grottoes, labyrinths, ponds, fountains, decorative towers with gulbishchi and landscape paintings.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

To this day, the Round Pond has been preserved with a man-made island in the center, repeating its shape.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

On the territory of the modern Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Recreation, there was a protected area with the largest menagerie in Europe, which served for royal fun and aroused everyone's admiration.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The 1st and 2nd streets of the Izmailovsky Menagerie and two alleys with similar names remind of the times of former luxury.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

By the end of the 19th century, Izmailovo was deserted — gardens were running wild, ponds were covered with mud, animals fled.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In pre-revolutionary years, May workers' rallies and rallies were held in the Izmailovsky forest.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the 1930s, a large forest area was reserved for the creation of a new, largest, most accessible place for Muscovites for recreation and entertainment.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Thus, in 1931, the Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Recreation appeared.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Until 1961, it was named after I. IN. Stalin.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The appearance of the park was created by famous landscape designers — M. P. Korzhev and M. AND. Prokhorova.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In addition to the longitudinal and transverse glades laid at the end of the 19th century, in the 1930s, asphalt walking alleys and avenues decorated with sculptures, a greenhouse, and garden benches were added to the park.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The Round Pond remained the center of the planning composition, along which there was a walking area in the form of two concentric alleys — the Alley of the Great and Small Circles.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Ornamental trees and shrubs were planted, flower beds, lawns, pavilions, attractions, sports grounds, a parachute tower were arranged, stages, a lecture hall, a restaurant, a circus “Shapiteau” were built, on Krugly a boat station is open to the pond.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The park has become a real entertainment garden city.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The master plan for the development of Moscow provided for turning Izmailovsky Park into the main recreation area for Muscovites.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Near the north-western entrance, the Central Stadium of the USSR was to be located.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Stalin for 120 thousand spectators.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the eastern part of the park, it was planned to open the world's largest zoo, and in the center - to equip a huge pond with an area of more than 110 hectares with well-groomed beaches for 10 thousand people, a yacht club and a racing station boats.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The children's railway with the most beautiful stations was supposed to connect all the cultural and entertainment facilities of the park together and become the main mode of transport.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Over the 10 pre-war years, a rich infrastructure was created in the Izmailovsky Park and Recreation Center.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

But, unfortunately, the Great Patriotic War prevented grandiose plans.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

During the difficult war years, the park was closed to visitors, and many of its employees went to the front as volunteers.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Militia detachments left the territory of Izmailovsky Park for the front line, exercises of underground partisans were held here and a volunteer Moscow 85th Guards Mortar was formed Katyusha regiment.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In 1968, in memory of these events, Muzhestva Square was created (architect R. AND. Balzhak).


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

This square is not only an open-air museum of military equipment.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Rallies in memory of those who fell during the Great Patriotic War and while fulfilling their international duty in the Republic of Afghanistan, solemn and touching “Guerrilla bonfires” are held near the Eternal Flame, meetings of veterans with young people.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the postwar years, the Park and Recreation Center developed mainly in the northern direction, towards the metro station that opened in early 1944 at the edge of the Izmailovsky Forest.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the 1950s, Izmailovsky Park was one of the favorite vacation spots for Muscovites.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Families came here, and everyone liked something to their liking here.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Visitors were waiting for sports and children's towns, the Green Theater, a reading room, a Musical Gazebo, a chess club, a tanzveranda, shopping and exhibition pavilions, folk art stages, a shooting range, skating boats, rides and a new cinema.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The skating rink, which flooded around the Round Pond on the Alley of Friendship of Peoples, was especially popular among Muscovites.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In 1957, for the opening of the World Festival of Youth and Students, the Big Ferris Wheel was installed in Izmailovsky Park.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

During its more than half a century of life, the Big Ferris Wheel has been rolled by almost one and a half million people admiring the views of Moscow from a height of 50 meters.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Reconstruction


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Mini|dance master class on the new dance floor


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In 2009, work on the improvement of the Krugly Pond was completed.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In 2011-2012, the Solnechnaya summer stage was repaired in Izmailovsky Park, playgrounds and sports grounds (volleyball, basketball, badminton, table tennis) were landscaped, and the balustrade was restored Round Pond, installed modules for equipment rental points and catering facilities, as well as repaired outdoor lighting elements and public toilets.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

During the same period, the memorial complex “Ploshchad Muzhestva” was overhauled.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In 2012, the park put into operation a dance floor behind the Solnechnaya stage, 15 new attractions (including 5D and 7D cinemas), a rope town, a playground for outdoor exercise equipment, points sports equipment rental and a dance floor near the Music Gazebo.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In 2012-2013, Izmailovsky Park had an ice rink with a refrigeration support system (3,300 m²), bicycle paths, a health trail with playgrounds with outdoor exercise equipment, a skate park, and a pavilion for playing Bavarian icestock curling, 5 tennis courts, additional archery and crossbow shooting range, architectural and artistic lighting.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In 2015, the Chess and Checkers Pavilion was opened in the park.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The pavilion first appeared in the park in 1957, but a few years ago it completely burned down.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The pavilion, which was reconstructed in 2015, was recreated according to park archives.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the same year, other modern pavilions appeared in the park, the Proletarsky Entrance Alley and the entrance group were landscaped.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the winter of 2015, the light composition “Starry Sky” appeared.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Significant facilities


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Muzhestva Square


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

During the Great Patriotic War, the Katyusha volunteer Moscow 85th Guards and Mortar Regiment was formed on the territory of Izmailovsky Park, and a school for training reconnaissance and subversive groups and the formation of partisan units.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In memory of this, Muzhestva Square was created in 1968 in the park, and the Izmailovsky Park metro station was named Partizanskaya in 2005.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

On Muzhestva Square there are: military equipment that went through the combat path to Berlin - Katyusha, the legendary T-34 tank, an anti-aircraft gun, a monument to Izmailovsky Park workers who died in the Second World War, memorial steles in honor of units that participated in hostilities, and a memorial obelisk in honor of guerrilla formations.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the middle of the square, an eternal flame burns in memory of the victims.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

On June 29, Izmailovsky Park traditionally hosts a solemn meeting of veteran partisans and underground workers “Partisan Bonfire”.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Veterans are greeted in the park with flowers and live music of a brass band.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Round pond


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

mini|round pond


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The round pond was created in the 17th century as a decorative decoration of the palace estate of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, of which the territory of the modern park was once part.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The princesses who came to Izmailovo in the summer amused themselves by letting pikes and sterlets into the ponds, and then fed them, calling them with the ringing of a bell.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Initially, the pond was called Sofronovsky - after the name of a neighboring village in which gardeners serving the farm of the royal estate lived.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The pond and the man-made island in its center are horseshoe-shaped.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Once upon a time there were so many nightingales in the grove on the island that it was called Solovyin.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Now ogari, teals, gogoli and ducks nest there.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Due to the move of the royal court to the new capital — St. Petersburg — the Izmailovo estate was left without due attention, and the pond gradually became swampy.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

On maps from the 1st half of the 19th century, the Round Pond is marked as Blueberry Swamp.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

At the end of the 19th century, the Round Pond was cleaned and reconstructed.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The old layout and walking alleys of the Great and Small Circles have been preserved around the pond.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the 30s of the XX century, the Round Pond became the center of the composition of the I. IN. Stalin.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Around it there was a mass entertainment area with pavilions, stages, attractions, reading rooms, sports grounds and a boat station.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In the 50s, the Friendship of Peoples Alley near the pond turned into a popular Moscow skating rink in winter.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

In 2009, a two-year major reconstruction of the pond was carried out.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The size of the Round Pond is 270 × 220 m. Walking by the Krugly Pond, fishing and boating are still one of the favorite leisure activities of Muscovites.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Big Ferris wheel


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Mini|Big Ferris WheelThe Ferris Wheel 40 attraction was installed in Izmailovsky Park in 1957 on the personal order of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev for the opening of the World Festival of Youth and students.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The wheel design was developed by specialists of the Mosproekt-1 Office under the guidance of the famous engineer and inventor G. S. Khromova.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

More than 10 factories took part in the production process of this attraction.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The work was technically complex and time-consuming, because the weight of the wheel with cabins is 68 tons.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

On the Big Ferris Wheel, you can climb to a height of 50 meters from the ground in one of its 40 booths.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The wheel makes a full turn in 7.5 minutes.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Available types of holidays


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Mini|rope town


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Mini|Silver Ice Skating Rink


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Interesting facts


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

At the time of opening, the Big Ferris Wheel in Izmailovsky Park was the tallest in the capital.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Izmailovsky Park participates in the Earth Hour campaign, turning off the illumination of the Big Ferris Wheel and the Directorate building.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Transportation


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

You can get to the park by ground transport:


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

from the Partizanskaya metro station by buses No. 7, 131 (there are three stops to the Izmailovsky Park stop);


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

from Semyonovskaya metro station by tram No. 11.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

By car:


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Moskovsky Prospekt, 1.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Main Entrance to Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Recreation (parking is available);


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

the nearest metro stations are Partizanskaya, Shosse Entuziastov, Semenovskaya.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

As well as the Sokolinaya Gora MCC station.


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Photo gallery


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

The central square of Izmailovsky Park


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Winter in Izmailovsky Park


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Autumn in the park


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Boat station


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Kroha Amusement Park


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Ducks in the Round Pond


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Izmailovo ski track


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Picnic


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Protein feeding


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Big Circle Autumn Alley


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Riding on “cheesecakes”


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Spring in the park


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Winter alleys


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Silver Ice Skating Rink


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Music gazebo


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Sports ground


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Summer festival


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Big Ferris wheel in the evening


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Starry Sky


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Mass media about the park


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

References


Question: What is the length of the Izmailovo Estate Museum?

Izmailovo Culture and Recreation Park

Category:Gardens and parks in Moscow


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia Corporation (Finnish: Nokia Oyj, pronounced Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications equipment company for mobile, fixed, broadband and IP networks.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

As of the beginning of 2013, the company employed a little less than 100,000 employees, and in the late 2000s, the number of employees reached 132,000 people.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company's products are sold in more than 150 countries around the world.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

From the 2000s to 2011, it occupied the largest share in the mobile phone market, as of 2012 it was in second place with a share of 19% (after Samsung with 22%) [1].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2011-2012, Nokia began to actively cooperate with the American giant Microsoft, in fact, abandoning support for its own operating system for mobile devices Symbian and developing MeeGo operating system by switching to the Windows Phone platform.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In the fall of 2013, Nokia announced the sale of its mobile business to Microsoft for 5.44 billion euros [2].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In April 2015, an agreement of intent was signed with Alcatel-Lucent, according to which this company will be acquired for 15.6 billion dollars.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In May 2016, Nokia announced a collaboration with the newly created HMD Global Oy [3] [4], which will produce phones and tablets under the Nokia brand [5].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In a press release dated December 1, 2016, Nokia officially confirmed that it is not an investor or shareholder in HMD [6].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Subsequently, one of the main activities of Nokia was the development of the next generation of standards for 5G mobile networks and their testing on the networks of existing telecom operators.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company is headquartered in Espoo, a satellite city of Helsinki [7].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Name origin


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company takes its name from the city of Nokia, which is located in Finland on the banks of the Nokianvirta River, where Fredrik Idestam built his second paper mill in 1868.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The name Nokia Ab was given to the company in 1871 [8].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The name of the river itself is believed to come from the old Finnish word nois (many nokia), which meant the black sable that was once found in those places.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

When the sable disappeared, this word began to refer to any animal with black fur, such as marten or mink [8].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

History


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company's history dates back to 1865, when mining engineer Frederick Idestam (Finnish: Knut Fredrik Idestam) founded a small paper mill in Tampere, in southwestern Finland.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

His company was renamed Nokia Ab in 1871.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

At the end of the 19th century, Mechelin's plans to expand the business to power generation and cable production were at odds with Idestam's ideas.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1896, Idestam resigned from the management of Nokia Ab, and Mechelin, who took the place of president of the company, was able to push his idea to shareholders.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1902, power generation became one of Nokia Ab's activities.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Founded in 1898, the rubber products company Finnish Rubber Works took control of Nokia Ab and the cable company founded in 1912 Finnish Cable Works, and in 1967, the three companies officially merged into one [10].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In order for this operation to comply with Finnish law at that time, Finnish Rubber Works and Finnish Cable Works formally merged into the Nokia Ab, the smallest of the three.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The combined company had five main activities: the production of rubber products (modern Nokian), cables and electronics, wood processing and electricity generation.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Over the years, several secondary ones have been added to them, for example, the production of hunting rifles, plastics and chemical materials.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The new company was engaged in various production, creating at some time paper products, car and bicycle tires, shoes, various cables, televisions and other household appliances, personal computers, electric generators, robotics, capacitors, military communications equipment and equipment (for example, the Sanomalaite M/90 encryption text communicator and a gas mask for the Finnish armies), plastic, aluminum and chemicals.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Each production had its own director who reported to the first president of Nokia Corporation, Bjorn Westerlund.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

As President of Finnish Cable Works, he was responsible for creating and organizing the company's first electronics department in 1960, investing in Nokia's telecommunications future.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Since the early 1980s, the company began to actively develop the development and production of electronics, which was facilitated by the purchase of a number of electronic companies.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1987, consumer electronics became the main business of the company, in particular, the company became the third largest manufacturer of TVs in Europe.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In the late 1980s, the company was in crisis, which was facilitated by the general downturn in the global economy.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The crisis was overcome by restructuring the business, abandoning most activities and focusing on new technologies — in particular, the development of the telecommunications division.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

As a separate company, Nokian Renkaat was separated from the company in 1988, which has been its “rubber” division since 1967, and since then Nokian Renkaat has nothing to do with Nokia.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1960, AT&T developed the first commercial modem, and in 1963 Bell System launched the first radiotelephone.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

However, the industry is still conservative, electromechanical and analog switches are widely used, and no one thinks about switching to digital.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

However, the company is making a bold move and is developing a digital switch based on pulse code modulation.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1969, Nokia became the first company to produce PCM transmission equipment that met the standards of the international telephony and telegraphy advisory committee.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Entering the digital age before anyone else, Nokia is making the most important strategic decision in its history.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In the 1970s, the Nokia DX 200 digital switch for automatic telephone exchanges was released, thanks to which the company successfully entered the telecommunications market.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The versatility of the device and the flexibility of its architecture allowed the company to produce various communication devices on its basis.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Participation in GSM


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The technologies that preceded mobile cellular systems were various “0G” pre-cell mobile radiotelephone standards.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company has been building commercial and military mobile radio technologies since the 1960s, although this part of the company was sold a little earlier than the company's subsequent rationalization.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Since 1964, Nokia has worked with Nokia to develop high-frequency radio broadcasting.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Two years later, companies began to develop ARP, one of the first cellular standards to be used in the Autoradiopuhelin car radiotelephone and served the first commercial cellular network in Finland.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The network was launched in 1971 and 7 years later covered the entire territory of the country.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

As a result of the merger of Nokia and Salora, Mobira Oy appeared in 1979.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Mobira developed mobile phones to operate on the Nordic Mobile Telephone, the first fully automated first-generation cellular network launched in 1981 year.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1982, Mobira introduced the first Mobira Senator car phone for NMT-450 networks.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1984, Nokia acquired Salora Oy and, with 100% of the company, renamed its telecommunications division Nokia-Mobira.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1984, the company launched Mobira Talkman, one of the first portable phones weighing 4.7 kg. In 1987, the company introduced the Mobira Cityman 900, an NMT-900 phone that could already be carried in your hand (weighing 760 grams).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The phone's battery was charged for almost 4 hours and provided 50 minutes of talk time.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The Mobira Cityman 900 cost 24 thousand Finnish marks (approximately 4,560 euros), but despite the high cost, the phone was in great demand among businessmen for whom owning a new device was a sign of validity.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia mobile phones became extremely popular in 1987, when a photo was taken of Mikhail Gorbachev calling the Minister of Communications in Moscow from Finland on Mobira Cityman.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

After this photo, this phone was called “Hump”.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1988, Jorma Nieminen resigned as CEO of Nokia-Mobira and, together with two colleagues, created Benefon Oy.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

A year later, Nokia-Mobira was renamed Nokia Mobile Phones.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1989, the company sold GSM equipment to the Finnish operator Radiolinja, and in 1992 released its first handheld GSM phone, the Nokia 1011.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The world's first phone call using Nokia equipment took place on July 1, 1991 in Helsinki.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This historic call was made by Finnish Prime Minister Harri Holkeri through a Nokia GSM network through a prototype of Nokia's GSM phone.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1992, the company launched the first GSM phone in the world, the Nokia 1011.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The model number corresponded to the phone's launch date of November 10 (10.11).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The Nokia 1011 did not have a proprietary Nokia tune ringtone - it first appeared in 1994 in the Nokia 2110 series phones.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1992, the company's advertising slogan was “Connecting people” (English: Connecting people).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Personal computers and IT equipment


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In the 1980s, the computer division of Nokia Data was engaged in the production of MikroMikko personal computers.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

With the release of this computer, the division tried to enter the Business PC market.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The first model in the MikroMikko 1 line of computers was released on September 29, 1981, around the time of the release of the IBM PC.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

However, in 1991, the computer division was sold to British International Computers Limited, which was later sold to Fujitsu.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The MikroMikko line of computers was promoted by Fujitsu under the ErgoPro brand.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Fujitsu later transferred its computer production to Fujitsu Siemens Computers, which closed the only plant in the Finnish city of Espoo (in the Kilo district, where computers had been produced since the 1960s) in March 2000, thus ending the large - scale production of computers in the country.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company was also known for CRT and LCD monitors under the Nokia brand, which was sold in 2000 to ViewSonic.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In addition to computers and monitors, Nokia was engaged in the production of DSL modems and digital television receivers.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1992, the new CEO, Jorma Ollila, made a key strategic decision: to focus exclusively on the telecommunications business.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 1994, Nokia President Jorma Ollila finally formulated the company's strategy: abandoning the old business and focusing on telecommunications technologies.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This strategy allowed the company to become the world's largest manufacturer of cell phones, with Nokia's market share estimated at 39% at the end of 2009 [11].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Back in 1991, more than a quarter of Nokia's turnover came from sales in Finland.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

However, after the strategic decision of 1992, the company's sales increased sharply in the Americas and Asia.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The explosive global popularity of mobile phones caused a logistics crisis in the mid-1990s.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This forced the company to change the entire logistics infrastructure.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

By 1998, thanks to its focus on telecommunications and early investments in GSM, Nokia had become the largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

From 1996 to 2001, trade turnover increased from 6.5 billion to 31 billion euros.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The well-functioning logistics of the company was one of the main advantages of Nokia over competitors.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2004, the company released its extremely successful first touchscreen phone, the Nokia 7710.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In May 2007, the company announced that it had sold more than 200 million Nokia 1100 phones that went on sale in 2003.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

It was both the best-selling phone and the best-selling electronic device of all time.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In November of the same year, Nokia released the Nokia N82, the first N-series phone with a xenon flash.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

At the Nokia World conference in December 2007, the company announced the “Comes with Music” program, which allowed Nokia phone customers to download music for free for one year.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In the second half of 2008, the service became available on a subscription basis.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In April 2008, Nokia Productions, in collaboration with director Spike Lee, began making a film based on user-generated content, the first film to be shot on mobile phones.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The premiere took place in October 2008, six months after the start of the project.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2008, Nokia released the Nokia 5800 Xpress Music smartphone based on Symbian OS 9.4, s60 5th edition.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The smartphone was equipped with an ARM 11 Texas Instruments processor with a clock speed of 369 MHz, after updating the 434 MHz software, and the Nokia 5800 also had 128 MB of RAM and an 8 GB memory card included.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In the same year, the Nokia E71 smartphone was released, designed to compete with Research in Motion's BlackBerry phones, which have a full-fledged physical qwerty keyboard.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The device sold at a lower price than its competitors.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In August 2009, the company announced that it was mastering the release of a netbook with Windows operating system installed, the Nokia Booklet 3G.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On September 2, 2009, Nokia released two new phones designed for listening to music and using social media, the Nokia X6 and the Nokia X3.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The Nokia X6 stood out for its built-in memory with a capacity of 32 GB, a 3.2" touchscreen and a battery capable of playing music for 35 hours.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The Nokia X3, a music phone with stereo speakers, built-in FM radio and a 3.2-megapixel camera, was the first S40-based device to support the Ovi Store.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On September 10, 2009, Nokia introduced a new square-shaped phone with a retractable qwerty keyboard, the Nokia 7705 Twist.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The phone, exclusively distributed via Verizon Wireless, had a 3-megapixel camera, browser, voice commands and weighed only 98 grams.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On September 23, 2010, the company released the Nokia N8, the flagship smartphone of 2010 with the most advanced camera at that time (12 megapixels with a physical matrix size of 1/1.83″) on the market.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The smartphone has collected the largest number of pre-orders in the history of the company.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

At the end of 2011, Nokia released a line of budget Asha phones on the Series 40 platform, which favorably feature advanced multimedia features previously unavailable in this price category.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On October 22, 2013, Nokia unveiled its first tablet computer in Abu Dhabi, [12] [13].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On November 18, 2014, Nokia, for the first time since the sale of the mobile division, introduced the tablet Nokia N1.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2017, HMD Global introduced new smartphones Nokia 3, Nokia 5, Nokia 6 and Nokia 8 running Android, as well as an updated version of the Nokia 3310.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Purchases


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On September 22, 2003, the company acquired Sega.com, a division of Sega, which was used to create the Nokia N-Gage gaming phone and later the N-Gage platform.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On November 16, 2005, the acquisition of Intellisync, a data provider and developer of personal data synchronization software, began, and the transaction was finally completed 10 February 2006 of the year.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On August 8, 2006, Nokia announced the purchase of Loudeye Corporation, an online music distributor, for almost $60 million.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On August 29, 2007, Nokia launched the Nokia Music Store, a music service based on technologies from the acquired company.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In July 2007, Nokia acquired all assets of Twango, a company that provides turnkey solutions for organizing and sharing photos, videos, and other personal media.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In September 2007, Nokia announced its intention to buy Enpocket, a provider of mobile advertising technologies and services.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In October 2007, the company announced the purchase of Navteq ($78 per share).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company specialized in the supply of digital topographic maps and related information for car navigation systems, mobile phones, special Internet services, government and private organizations.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On July 24, 2009, Nokia announced the acquisition of the German private company Cellity, which develops various mobile services.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The deal was finally completed on August 5, 2009.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On September 11, 2009, Nokia announced the acquisition of Plum Ventures, an American private company, with a dozen employees engaged in cloud communication solutions.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

With the help of Plum, Nokia expected to improve its geolocation services.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On March 28, 2010, Nokia acquired Novarra, which was developing its own mobile web browser and service platform.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On April 10, 2010, Nokia announced the acquisition of MetaCarta, a geolocation-based search service.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia planned to use the company's developments in its geolocation services.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Mergers and acquisitions


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On June 19, 2006, Nokia and Siemens announced the merger of their business in the field of network equipment for mobile and fixed telephony to create one of the world's largest creation of network equipment — Nokia Siemens Networks.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2008, Trolltech (developer of the Qt library) and Symbian Ltd were acquired.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

(later transformed into Symbian Foundation) [14].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On April 15, 2015, it was announced that an agreement of intent had been signed with the Anglo-French Alcatel-Lucent, according to which the Finnish company would acquire the company.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

It was planned that Nokia would acquire a full stake in Alcatel-Lucent.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Payment will be made in Nokia shares, for each Alcatel-Lucent security, investors will receive 0.55 Nokia securities.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The deal was valued at $15.6 billion and was scheduled to be completed in the first half of 2016 [15].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

After the transaction is completed, the company will be called Nokia, and its headquarters will continue to be located in Helsinki (Espoo), and Nokia's top management will remain the same [16] [17].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

After the completion of the deal, Nokia, according to preliminary estimates, will occupy the second place in the European telecommunications equipment market with a share of 35%, only slightly behind Ericsson (40%).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

According to Nokia CEO Rajiv Suri, this acquisition will bring Nokia many advantages, while the positive effect of the deal will be felt in the near future, and, in to a greater extent, in five to seven years [18].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On July 24, 2015, the deal was approved by the European Commission.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

According to the European Commission, as a result of the deal, the competition situation will not deteriorate, since the parties are not close competitors [19].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On April 26, 2016, it was reported that Nokia was acquiring the French company Withings, a manufacturer of smartwatches and medical equipment, for 170 million euros [20] [21].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Relocation of production


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On May 5, 2000, the company opened its own telephone factory in Komarom, Hungary.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In March 2007, a memorandum was signed with the council of the Romanian county of Cluj to open a new factory in the commune of Jucu.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This relocation of production from German Bochum to Romania caused unrest in Germany.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In February 2011, it moved its North American headquarters to Sunnyvale, California.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In autumn 2012, the plant in the Finnish city of Salo was completely closed.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Negotiations on staff reduction affected 780 employees of the enterprise.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The last mobile phone rolled off the production line in Salo on July 25 [22].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Thus, since 2012, all production facilities of the company's mobile sector have been concentrated only in Asian countries.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Transformation and sales of mobile business


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In April 2003, problems in the network equipment division led to the corporation resorting to organizational restructuring and even layoffs.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This worsened the company's image in Finland and provoked a number of lawsuits.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In February 2006, Nokia and Sanyo announced a memorandum of understanding to create joint activities in the field of business phones in the CDMA standard.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

However, six months later, both companies abandoned the idea.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia has also decided to stop CDMA research, while continuing to produce CDMA business phones for certain markets.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In June 2006, Jorma Ollila resigned as CEO of the corporation, stepping down as chairman of Royal Dutch Shell.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo took the vacant job.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In May 2008, at the annual meeting of shareholders, it was announced that it had decided to engage in Internet business in addition to its main activities.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Google, Apple, and Microsoft, in fact, were not direct competitors to Nokia's new image, but they were still considered the most important players to be reckoned with.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In November 2008, it was announced that the distribution of mobile phones in Japan would cease.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In December, shipments of Nokia E71 from NTT DoCoMo and SoftBank Mobile were canceled, but Nokia Japan retained all its global research and development projects.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In December 2012, the company's management decided to sell its headquarters to Exilion Capital for €170 million and lease it as part of a senior management policy to get rid of non-core assets [23].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In July 2015, Rajiv Suri, CEO of Nokia, announced that the company was going to release its own smartphones in 2016 [24].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On May 18, 2016, it was reported that Microsoft announced the sale of the division responsible for the production of mobile phones to the Chinese company FIH Mobile (a subsidiary of Foxconn) and the newly formed HMD Global for 350 million dollars.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

At the same time, Nokia's official website reported that Nokia Technologies announced the conclusion of a strategic partnership with these two companies for a period of 10 years licensing, development and promotion of mobile devices (including push-button phones, smartphones and tablets) under the Nokia brand [25] [26].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Microsoft mobile business sale


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On September 3, 2013, Microsoft announced the purchase of Nokia's mobile phone division and related patents [27].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The purchase price was described by reporters as “shockingly low” — Nokia's mobile device business was valued at $5 billion, another $2.18 billion, Microsoft was supposed to pay for patents owned by a Finnish company [28].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On November 19, at an emergency meeting of Nokia shareholders, a vote was held, where about 90% of investors approved the decision of the Board of Directors [29].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In this regard, a protest demonstration took place in China [30].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

It was planned that the sale of the mobile business would be closed in March 2014 [31], but this happened only on April 25 [32].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Microsoft has begun a gradual abandonment of the use of the Nokia brand for its smartphones and mobile phones produced by the mobile division purchased from the Finnish company.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The Nokia brand was officially replaced by Microsoft Lumia [33].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Mobile device software


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Operating systems


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Initially, the company's phones were equipped with Nokia OS, an operating system specially designed for Finnish mobile phones.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The first N-series smartphones (N70, N90) used the old version of the Symbian OS 8.1 mobile operating system.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Later, Nokia began to use Symbian OS 9 in all smartphones in the series, and Symbian OS 9 in the newest phones with Feature Pack improvements included.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2010, the Nokia N8 was released, the first smartphone in the line running on Symbian³.