Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Northeast (Lithuanian dialect: Baltic States, Belarus, Podlasie Voivodeship of Poland, Smolensk and Bryansk regions of Russia, eastern Ukraine),


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

southeast (Ukrainian dialect: Volyn and Right-Bank Ukraine, Moldova, eastern regions of Romania, primarily Moldova and Bukovina, the southern part of the Brest region of Belarus and the Lublin Voivodeship Poland)


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Central (or south-western, Polish dialect: central and western Poland, Transylvania, Galicia and Transcarpathia, eastern Hungary and Slovakia).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

There are also transitional and mixed dialects.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

By the beginning of the 20th century, the so-called klal sprah was gradually formed, a standardized language phonetically close to the northeastern dialect of Vilna, but grammatically close to the southern dialects.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

As a spoken language, this standard became somewhat widespread through the system of Yiddish schools and was normalized by the Institute for Jewish Studies and a number of institutes in the USSR, but today it is mostly limited academia.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The grammar and graphics of the written language of Yiddish literature correspond to an almost completely interdialect standard [14] [15].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In North America, among the most numerous Hasidic courts, a common dialect based on the “Hungarian” Yiddish (within the central dialect of the Eastern dialect), common used to be in Transylvania.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Theatrical Yiddish, in accordance with the tradition that originates from A. Goldfaden, corresponds to the average Ukrainian dialect (sometimes called Volyn in this context).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Regional variants of Yiddish show great differences in the vowel system, ranging from the opposition between short open i and long closed i to models with full parallel rows of short and long vowels.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Dialects also contain ü and diphthongs ending in -w and -u.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Some dialects do not have the phoneme h, some have fewer palatal phonemes, and Western Yiddish does not differ in sonority.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The articulation of r varies in different regions from r apical to (predominantly) r uvular.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Writing


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Yiddish uses Hebrew square script.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The direction of writing, as in Hebrew, from right to left: — Kupchino.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Unlike Hebrew, writing is fully vocalized: vowels are denoted by letters, similar to Greek, Latin and Cyrillic scripts; in Hebraisms (including words from both Hebrew itself and Aramaic origin) preserves the traditional consonant spelling.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

IVO spelling is currently considered standard [16], as well as a more conservative system codified in Klal Takones Fun Yidshn Oyslag (General Rules for Yiddish Spelling) [17] (reflected in (see table below).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Religious publishers, in turn, prefer the spelling of the Yiddish press of the early 20th century — the so-called. “Dichmer”, that is, borrowing some characteristic features of the German spelling [18].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The letter of the alphabet [19] [20] Grapheme (“Clal Takones”) [17] Grapheme (IVO spelling) [16] TitleStandard Pronunciation Notes1Yashtumer alefne is pronounced at the beginning of a word before vowels (except) — mehitse alefne is pronounced in the middle of a word to separate consecutive vowels or and paseh alefaikomets alefo2in basebveizvtolko in hebraisms 3gimlg4daladd5yheih6uvoo also [o] and [oh] in hebraisms |melupm is written in combination with tswei vovnvvvyudi 7 zayenz8heskhonly in hebraism9test10yudi, yalso [hey] and [ay] in hebraism hirek yudik tswei yudneipaseh tswei yudnay11caqqkokofonly in hebraisms cakhofhlanger hofhna the end of the word12lllamedl13mmmmshlos memmat the end of the word14annunnnanger nunnna the end of the word15samehs16ayenev hebraisms plays a different role17ppaypefeifeylanger faire end of the word18tsadiktslanger tsadiktsna end of the word19kkufk20raishr21shinshsinso in hebraisms 22tovtonly in hebraisms


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Some consonants are transmitted by digraphs or trigraphs: [dz], [j], [g], [h], t [h], t [u].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Base/Way, Coff/Hof, Pay/Fay, Shin/Sin and Tov/Owl pairs are considered as independent letters in dictionaries and educational literature.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In dictionaries, each of them, as a rule, has its own section (except for vays and owls, which are not used at the beginning of a word).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Variants of letters denoting vowels, including digraphs, are considered as independent letters in textbooks and manuals, but not in dictionaries [15] [21] [22] [23].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In the 1920s, in the Soviet Union, and then in the publishing houses of a number of other communist and pro-Soviet countries, the historical and etymological principle of writing Hebraisms was replaced by a phonetic one.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Moreover, the special inscription of final consonants,,,, was discarded in favor of ordinary consonants,,,.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In 1961, the USSR returned to writing the final letters (which, however, did not take root in all publishing houses) [24] [2].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In this system, the phonetic writing of Hebraisms and some prepositions was preserved until 1994, in the magazine “Di Yiddish Gas”.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Language history


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The oldest surviving text of 1272 contains specific Jewish vocabulary characteristic of the modern language [25].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

It is assumed that the Germanic dialects of Jews differed to some extent from the dialects of German Christians as early as the 10th and 12th centuries, but the lack of surviving written sources, in addition to individual glosses, did not makes it possible to reliably reconstruct the early “proto-Yiddish”.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In the 15th century, Yiddish became a dialectal space separate from German [26].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Since the Middle Ages, Yiddish has been the spoken language of European Jews.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Thanks to Hasidism and Gascala, religious, educational and fiction literature in Yiddish appears, developing in parallel with Hebrew literature.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Yiddish reached its extraordinary heyday at the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

By the time of the October Revolution in Russia in 1917, Yiddish was already perceived as an independent language and was recognized as the language of general education and office work in the Soviet republics: the Ukrainian SSR, and as one of the four official languages of the BSSR, along with Belarusian, Russian and Polish [27] [28] [29].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

For some time, the slogan “Workers of all countries, unite!” was inscribed on the coat of arms of the BSSR in Yiddish, along with the Belarusian, Russian and Polish languages.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

It was also one of the official languages of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The Second World War (including mainly the Holocaust), the assimilation of Jews in the West and the USSR, including the closure of Jewish schools, and the desire to introduce Hebrew in Israel at a rapid pace — all these factors have led to the almost universal disappearance of cultural life in the Yiddish language, and a rapid decrease in its everyday use as well [30].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Linguistic characteristics


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Phonetics and phonology


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Yiddish has an expiratory stress, and although the place of stress in a word is not always completely predictable, there are several characteristic distributions of verbal stress.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

A system of short triangular vowels with three degrees of solution and two positions of articulation:


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

vowels


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

i u


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

e o


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

a


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The most characteristic diphthongs are combinations of ei, ai and oi.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In Yiddish, as in the southern dialects of German, the reflection of the Middle German diphthong ei and the long vowel î differs:


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

SoundAverageGerman correspondentGermanBavarian dialectidishOld eiei [ae] (spelled ei): heizen, Stein, kleinoa: hoazn, Stoa, gloaei: kleiten, medium eiî [ae] (spelled ei): reiten, treiben, weißei: reitn, dreim, weißai:, teuer, late eiiu [] (spelled eu): teuer, neuei: deia, neiai:, neiai:, tm


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Consonant system:


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

m n n'


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

b d d' g


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

p t t' k


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

v z z' z c r


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

f s s' š č x h y


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

l l'


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Note: An apostrophe denotes palatal consonants.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Unlike many Upper German dialects, the ranks of explosive and fricatives differ not in tension, but in sonority.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Yiddish dialects are also characterized by sandhi types that are not found among German dialects (assimilation by sonority, the occurrence of voiced consonants in the outcome of syllables), adopted from Slavic languages.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Slavic influence also affected the appearance in Yiddish of the contrast of palatal consonants.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In addition, due to the influx of words of Hebrew-Aramaic and Slavic origin, numerous initial combinations of consonants that are unusual for the German language (for example, bd-, px-, tx-) penetrated into Yiddish [25] [31] [32] [33].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Morphology


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The grammatical system of Yiddish mainly follows the model of the German language, but with a significant number of changes in Eastern dialects.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Modern spoken dialects are characterized by a significant simplification of the case and/or gender system compared to the more conservative standard language [34] [35].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Article


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

A definite article is placed before a noun and is consistent with it in gender, number and case.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

CaseMaleMidgenderFeminalPlural NumberNominative Der Diaccusative Demdative Demdative


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The indefinite article has only the singular form, does not change and is the same for all genera: a, before a vowel or diphthong - in (an).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Forms of a certain article are also used as demonstrative pronouns (this, this, this).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

noun


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

It is characterized by categories of gender, number, case and definity/uncertainty.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The category of gender is manifested in words that agree with the noun — articles, adjectives and/or pronouns.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In a number of cases, fluctuations in the genus are found.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Adjective


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The Germanic difference between weak and strong declension of adjectives has disappeared (except for the neuter singular gender), but a new distinction has appeared between modifiable predicative adjectives.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Pronoun


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

litsoed.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

h. ,


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Padejimn.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

h. ,


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Cases 1 l.ih (i) — Yar (mine — miin) World (we) — ra2 l.du (you) — Yir (you) — Kar3 L.er (he) — (zain — day) Zey (they) —


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Numeral


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— ein (c) — Ein


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— bloom — day


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— dry — orange


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— fir — fir


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— finf — penny


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— zex — seks


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— zibm [note 1] — day


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— aht — itak


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— Nine — Russian


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

— tsen — News


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Verb


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In the verb, all tenses and moods, except for the present tense of the indicative mood, began to be formed analytically.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

A consistent distinction between perfect and imperfective species, alien to the structure of Germanic languages, is developing; a number of new verb forms have appeared that express species and voice shades.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The present participle has also acquired new functions.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Conjugation forms have been innovated in many cases, and new classes of perifrastic conjugation have emerged.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Pretext


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

fun (fun) - from, from


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

ba (in) - u


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

tsu () - k


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

in (in) - in


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

headlights (headlights) — for/front


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

af (or) - on


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

untər (Antər) — under


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Syntax


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

New word order models have emerged in the syntax.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The word order in the main and subordinate clauses has become the same.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The distance between nouns and their definitions, as well as between parts of verb phrases, has been reduced.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

For a simple sentence, the verb “iz” (is) is used, similar to the German ist (is).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

For example:


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

This is a country in East Asia — Hinə from a land in mizrəh aziyə (China is a country in East Asia)


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Coconut palmə from a tropical flange (coconut palm tree - tropical plant)


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

I'in Ojn — Ikh bin a zingər (I'm a singer)


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Doobiste a zingər (you are a singer)


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

She is a beautiful girl — Zee from a shane meydalə (she is a beautiful girl).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Vocabulary


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

The vocabulary is 70% of Germanic origin, with extensive layers of vocabulary of Hebrew and Aramaic, as well as Slavic origin.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Examples of Germanic words by origin: odlər (eagle, eagle), aizn (iron), build (image), bly (lead, lead), blut (in particular, blood).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Colours


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Russian nameYiddish ExampleRedRoit () PinkRose () YellowGel () GreenGreen (Blue) BlueBlo (White) WhiteWeiss (and) BlackSchwartz (Red) BrownBrown (in))


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

There is also Hebrew vocabulary: bohər (man, guy), dorəm (south), yam (, sea), mayrəv [36] (far, west), midbər (desert, desert), mizrəh (rice, east), milhomə (, war), mishpohə ( Home, family), zofn (fn, north), hazər (pig, pig), shabəs (Friday, Saturday)


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Also Yiddish absorbed Slavonisms: verbə (), vidrə (), dacha (dacha), klyachə (klyachə), murəshkə (rəshkə), ozerə (rərə), ozərə (or), sovə (), pine (wood), step (teapot), teapot (teapot)


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Influence on other languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Odessa dialect


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Yiddish, along with the Ukrainian language, had a great influence on the formation of the Odessa dialect.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Slang source


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Many Hebraisms (ksiva, hochma, etc.) entered the Russian language through Yiddish — this is evidenced, in particular, by their Ashkenazi pronunciation [37].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Belarusian and Ukrainian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

At the beginning of the 20th century, 2 million Jews lived among Belarusians.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Such a number of them could not but have an impact on the language of Belarusians, especially since they have always had direct contacts with each other [38].


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

A number of Yiddish words penetrated into Belarusian [39] [40] (especially words related to trade and crafts, as these areas were mainly in the hands of Jews [38]) and Ukrainian languages.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

For example, in Belarusian there are words avoy (oh, oh), balagol (scrap cab driver), bakhur (butuz; lover), babakhi (insides; rags), garmidar (disorder, noise), kaptsan (ragged), ragged (talker), fanaberyya (arrogance), halamus (end), haurus (union, company), heura (gang, shop), shahrai (rogue), handlyar (merchant), handleva (trading).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

In Ukrainian, from the same Yiddish root, there is the word gendlyar (dismissive, literally “unscrupulous businessman”, “huckster”), gandelik (slang, “eatery”).


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

See also


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Jewish languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

“Looking for Yiddish”


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

comments


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Notes


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Literature


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Literature


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Yiddish literature


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Yiddish writers


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Yiddish poets


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

References


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Marina Agranovskaya


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Marina Agranovskaya


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Online resources


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Alexandra Soldatova on the site


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

ed.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

D. Tishchenko on the site


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Boris Vainblat on the site


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Arie London and Yoil Matveev on the site


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Other links


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Derbaremdicker M. L.


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

by Michael Dorfman


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

“The Jewish Observer”


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Alexander Gorodnitsky's song


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Ashkenazi


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Australian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Austrian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Argentine languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Languages of Belarus


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Belgian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Brazilian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:UK languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Hungarian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:German languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Languages of Israel


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Canadian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Costa Rican languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Latvian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Lithuanian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Mexican languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Languages of Moldova


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Dutch languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Panamanian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Polish languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Languages of Russia


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Romanian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:US languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Languages of Ukraine


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Uruguayan languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:French languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Swiss languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Swedish languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:Estonian languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Category:South African languages


Question: What language group does Yiddish belong to?

Yiddish

Yiddish


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Novosibirsk Reservoir (coll. “Ob Sea” [1]) is an artificial reservoir on the Ob River.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

The reservoir arose after the completion of the construction of the dam of the Novosibirsk HPP in 1957-1959.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

It is located on the territory of the Novosibirsk Region and Altai Krai.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

On the banks of the reservoir there are the following cities: Berdsk, Kamen-na-Obi, Novosibirsk.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

As a result of the creation of the reservoir, the central historical part of the city of Berdsk, as well as several villages in the Novosibirsk region, were completely flooded.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Key Features


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Islands: Atamanovsky, Dikiy, Elbanskiye Islands, Elban, Kamenny, Kamensky, Krasnoyarsky Borok, Krasny Yar, Logunov, Nechunaevsky, Pichugovsky, Polovinsky Borok, Semizarodny, Tan-Van, Khokhlov Borok, Khrenovy, Sharapsky, Shlyapovsky, Shumsky Cordon.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Economic importance


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

The reservoir is used for hydropower, water supply and fishing.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Valuable fish species are found here: sturgeon, sterlet, nelma, muksun, chir, whitefish, peled.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

However, the objects of fishing are usually: zander, carp, burbot, tench, bream, pike, grayling, ide, roach, crucian carp, dace, perch.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

It should be noted that a significant part of the fish caught here is not suitable for food due to helminthiasis.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

The Ob Sea is a place of active recreation (the beaches in the Akademgorodok area were arranged on the initiative of S. A. Khristianovich [2]) and the annual holding of sailing competitions for the Russian Cup and the Ob Sea Cup.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

The projected lifespan of the Ob Reservoir is about 400 years [3].


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

The stress in the word Obskoye can be different — despite the fact that according to the rules of the Russian language, the stress should be placed on the first syllable — Obskoye [4], in Siberia it is customary to use an endemic form — Obskoye.


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Gallery


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Island near the village of Maslyakha, Krutikhinsky District


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

On the right of the horizon is Taiwan Island


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

The shore of the reservoir near Berdsk


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Reservoir in spring


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Reservoir in winter


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Notes


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

References


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

on YouTube


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Category:Reservoirs in Novosibirsk Oblast


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Category:Reservoirs of Altai Krai


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Category:Ob


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Category:Water bodies in Novosibirsk


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Category:Stone-on-Obi


Question: What is the reservoir in Novosibirsk?

Novosibirsk Reservoir

Category:Water bodies of Kamensky District, Altai Krai


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev (Russian doref.;, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire — September 4, 1930, Vladivostok, RSFSR, USSR) was a Russian and Soviet traveler, geographer, ethnographer, writer, researcher of the Far East, military orientalist [1] [2] [3].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Head of a number of expeditions to study the mountainous regions of the Ussuri Territory (the Sikhote-Alin expeditions of 1906, 1907, 1908—1910), which before Arsenyev were “white spots” on the maps of modern Primorye Territory and the South of Khabarovsk Krai [3] [4].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Director of the Khabarovsk Museum of Local Lore named after N. AND. Grodekov in 1910—1919 and 1924—1925 [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Officer of the Imperial Russian Army: Over 26 years of military service, he rose from a volunteer and backup officer to a lieutenant colonel [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Serving as an officer for special assignments under the Amur Governor-General N. L. Gondatti, in 1911-1915 developed and personally led a number of secret expeditions to combat Hunghuz (Chinese bandits), illegal immigrants and forest poachers [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Under the Provisional Government, Arsenyev is the Commissioner for the Affairs of Native Nationalities of the Amur Territory.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Streets in many cities of the former USSR, a city in Primorsky Krai, as well as a museum of local lore in Vladivostok and other objects are named after Arsenyev [5] [7].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Vladimir Arsenyev is a full member of the Society for the Study of the Amur Territory, the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, the Washington National Geographical Society, the Royal the Geographical Society and numerous other scientific organizations.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

As a writer, Arsenyev is widely known for his adventure books “Across the Ussuri Territory” and “Dersu Uzala”, which tell about his expeditions to the Ussuri taiga together with his friend and guide, gold (Nanai) Dersu Uzala.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

During the author's lifetime, these books gained great popularity in Russia and abroad, and later even formed the basis of feature films.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev's other literary works include the novels “Through the Taiga” and “In the Mountains of Sikhote-Alin” [4].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Despite the fact that Vladimir Arsenyev never studied at the university and graduated only from a two-year cadet school, through self-education he managed to become competent and versatile researcher.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

His scientific interests are diverse and extensive: he was engaged in geography and ethnography, cartography, statistics, archeology, geology, hydrology and meteorology, museums, and even ornithology and linguistics [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The main focus of Arsenyev's research was ethnography and archeology.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

For thirty years, Arsenyev studied the indigenous peoples of the Far East, mainly the Udege.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the same time, a significant part of V. K. Arsenyev has never been published yet, and therefore his contribution to science has not been fully appreciated [8].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The main scientific work of V. K. Arsenyev — a two-volume monograph about the Udege people “Country of Udege”, summing up his almost thirty years of ethnographic research, remained unfinished due to the premature death of the author and was not published, and in the late 1940s her manuscript disappeared and has not yet been found [3] [4] [9] [5] [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the last years of V. K. Arseniev was repeatedly subjected to slander and harsh ideological persecution.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In particular, Arsenyev was blamed for his officer past, and scientific publications were reproached for the lack of a Marxist-Leninist scientific approach [9] [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Shortly after Arsenyev's death, his persecution became spontaneous.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

On trumped-up charges of participating in a “counter-revolutionary, espionage and rebel sabotage organization”, allegedly led by Vladimir Arsenyev, she was arrested and then shot his widow Margarita Nikolaevna [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Only in the 1940s, the personality and work of V. K. Arsenyev was positively overestimated, all his main books were reprinted and a six-volume collection of his works was published for the first time [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Origins


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

By birth, Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev was a descendant of serfs and bourgeois of Tver and Kostroma provinces.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The traveler's grandfather, Tver bourgeois Fedor (Theodor) Ivanovich Goppmeyer, led an easy life and had an addiction to drinking.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

According to one version, Hoppmeier was Dutch by birth, and he came to Russia as a chemist [10].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

From connection with a serf peasant woman, yard Major General N. AND. Lodygina Agrafena Filippovna (maiden name unknown) from the village of Alekseykovo, Tver Province, Goppmayer had an illegitimate son Claudius, who was born.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Due to the absence of an official father, Claudius was given the surname Arsenyev, after his godfather Arseny “Timofeev son”, who did not have a surname.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In 1855, Agrafena Filippovna and her son received a free one from Major General Lodygin, and after a while officially registered her marriage with F. AND. Hoppmeier, taking his last name.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Due to the carelessness of his blood father, who died in 1866, Claudius was never adopted, and until the end of his life bore the surname Arsenyev.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In 1869, at the request of Agrafena Filippovna, her son Claudiy Fedorovich Arsenyev was assigned to the Tver bourgeois estate.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Later, A. F. Hoppmeier and her son moved to St. Petersburg.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Growing up and passing exams for the title of home teacher, Claudiy Arsenyev married Rufina Egorovna Kashlacheva, the daughter of a former serf peasant in the Kostroma province.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the same year, Anatoly, the first child, was born in the family.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Despite the fact that the wife was three years older than her husband, their marriage was happy.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Most of his life Claudiy Fedorovich worked as an employee on the Nikolaev railway [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Childhood and early years


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev, the second child of the Arsenyev family, was born in St. Petersburg.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The erudite father Claudiy Fedorovich had a small home library, and since childhood instilled in his sons a love of reading.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

He often read books by Turgenev, Tolstoy, Gogol and other writers to children.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Sometimes Claudius Fedorovich, who was fond of the then popular wood sawing in his spare time, sat down to work and forced the children to read aloud in turn, making his comments as they read and explanations [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Volodya himself was very fascinated by adventure books by Jules Verne, Louis Jacolio, Gustav Aimard and Thomas Mein Reed.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Then he became interested in scientific and natural history literature: a description of Charles Darwin's round-the-world trip on the Beagle ship, similar descriptions of N. M. Przhevalsky, who became a real idol of Volodya, and other travelers and researchers.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Young Arsenyev's passion for traveling was greatly facilitated by friendship with his uncle, Joil Erogovich Kashlachev, a great connoisseur of nature.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At one time, the Arsenyevs and Kashlachevs went to the village of Sablino for the summer.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

There, adults and children spent whole days in the forest, fishing and small hikes.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Joel often sailed along the Tosna River together with his sons and nephews.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Soon Volodya himself, together with his peer Eduard Pelts, the son of his father's colleague, began to make such voyages on a small shuttle, to which the guys attached a sail.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

According to Arsenyev himself, he became a traveler in those years [4] [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

As a child, Arsenyev did not behave well and was a big fidget, which greatly prevented him from studying diligently.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Initially, he was sent to a German boarding school, where he was distinguished by poor academic performance and love for all kinds of pranks, for which he had to bear numerous punishments.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Then he was expelled from the second St. Petersburg School for poor discipline.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Finally, Arsenyev was sent to the Vladimir City Four-Year Men's School.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

There, thanks to the efforts of his teachers, he finally woke up an interest in studying.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

He was especially good at geometry and natural sciences, as well as drawing [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Start of military service


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After graduating from the Vladimir Men's School, Vladimir Arsenyev, together with his older brother Anatoly, studied for some time at the Fifth Gymnasium near the Alarchin Bridge, but for unknown reasons did not graduated from it.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After that, Arsenyev's parents were faced with a choice about the further education of their son, who would soon serve in the army [9].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Since Claudiy Fedorovich has not yet served his civilian ranks, which would allow him to enroll his children in university, he decided to send Vladimir to the army as his own volunteer: a year later service Vladimir had the right to transfer to a cadet school, after graduating from which he could retire to the reserve, and after that, taking advantage of his own volunteers, apply for university admission [9].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After passing the external entrance exams at the first cadet corps for the right to education of the 1st category, Arsenyev was enrolled in the 145th Novocherkassk Infantry Regiment.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

A year later, he was promoted to junior non-commissioned officer, and a year later, Arsenyev was seconded to the St. Petersburg Infantry Cadet School to take a science course renamed cadet [9] .


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

There, one of Vladimir Arsenyev's teachers was a famous traveler, Lieutenant Mikhail Efimovich Grum-Grzhimailo [11], who was able to interest him in geographical research by turning him attention to the Far East — a territory that was almost unexplored at that time [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the cadet school, falling under the influence of strict army discipline, restless Arsenyev became disciplined, executive and diligent.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Very often at night he read scientific books from the library of the school, which were advised to him by M. E.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Grum-Grzhimailo is not only about Siberia and the Far East, but also major natural and historical works [9].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After graduating in 1895, as a backup officer, Arsenyev expected to resign and enter the institute as a shipbuilding engineer, as his father wanted, but suddenly an order was issued Minister of War, according to which their own cadets were transferred to the state.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Because of this, cadets who graduated from schools, including Arsenyev, had to serve in the army for a year and a half for each year of study at a military school.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev was transferred to his former duty station - to the 145th Novocherkassk Infantry Regiment, where he began his military service, and he was awarded the rank of second lieutenant and seconded to the 14th Olonets Infantry Regiment, located in the city of Lomza of the Kingdom of Poland [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After a year of service in Lomzha, Arsenyev received a vacation and went home to St. Petersburg.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

There, he married a friend of his sisters, seventeen-year-old Anna Konstantinovna Kadashevich, whom he had known since the age of ten, and was engaged when she was fifteen years old.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The day after the wedding, the newlyweds left for Lomza [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Many years later, Arseniev wrote that while serving in Poland, he became disillusioned with military service, and in his spare time devoted himself to studying geographical literature [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Interesting are the memories of his wife Anna Konstantinovna, according to which Arsenyev was already a naturalist in Lomzha, was fond of botany and ornithology, and even kept a whole menagerie at home [2]:


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Despite the fact that Arsenyev fell in love with the army, he was distinguished by discipline and diligence, so his business in the service was successful.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

For his conscientious service in January 1898, Second Lieutenant Arsenyev was appointed clerk of the regimental court.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Friends and colleagues advised him to apply for admission to the Academy of the General Staff, and Arsenyev began to diligently prepare for admission, devoting every free minute to reading a special literature [9].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the same time, since his studies at the cadet school, he was eager to study the Far East.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Without leaving thoughts about studying at the academy, starting in January 1900, Arsenyev began to diligently seek his transfer to one of the infantry units of the Kwantung Army or the Priamursky Military District: write reports and letters with requests for translation to his management.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Finally, one of his petitions was granted.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev received the rank of lieutenant and was transferred to the 1st Vladivostok Fortress Infantry Regiment [6] [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the same time, his pregnant wife Anna Konstantinovna went to live with her parents in St. Petersburg, and gave birth to her first child there, Vladimir, who was usually called Volya in the family [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev visited his relatives in St. Petersburg, and the next day he went to his new duty station in Vladivostok [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In 1900, the still unfinished Trans-Siberian Railway ended in Transbaikalia.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Because of this, the journey to Vladivostok became much more complicated: from the European part it was possible to get by train only to Sretensk, then you had to sail by steamer along Shilka and Amur to Khabarovsk, and only then, by the Ussuri Railway, it was possible to get to Vladivostok [9].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

On the way, I had to withdraw from the ship and stay in Blagoveshchensk, where all the military, including Lieutenant Arsenyev, were mobilized to suppress the Boxing Uprising in China.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

From to Arsenyev as part of the Blagoveshchensk detachment of Lieutenant General K. N. Gribsky participated in hostilities near the city of Sakhalin.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

For his participation in the battles, Lieutenant Arsenyev was awarded the silver medal “For the Campaign to China” [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Many years later, in Soviet times, Arsenyev hid his involvement in this conflict, fearing accusations of suppressing the “people's liberation” uprising [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Second Lieutenant Arsenyev's memorandum to the commander of the 14th Olonets Infantry Regiment, Colonel P. P. Domozhirov on the transfer to the Far East from Page from the characteristics of Second Lieutenant V. K. Arsenyev, written by the commander of the 14th Olonets Infantry Regiment P. P. Domozhirov from, with a general conclusion on the qualities of an officer: “outstanding” One of the petitions to General A. A. Frolov on the transfer of “Lieutenant Arsenyev (Vladimir) to the Amur Territory, or to the port of Arthur, or to the Kwantung Peninsula”


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The first years in Vladivostok


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Vladimir Arsenyev arrived in Vladivostok.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

His wife and son Vladimir were able to visit him only a year later, in May 1901.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In Vladivostok, Arsenyev was given a small wooden house with two rooms and a kitchen on 7th Matrosskaya Street in the Rotten Corner [12].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev spent his free time exploring the environs of Vladivostok, going out into the forest to hunt, and in 1901 became a member of the Vladivostok Society of Hunting Enthusiasts, and then was one of its directors [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Lieutenant Arsenyev was appointed head of the hunting team of the regiment.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The duties of the hunting team, in addition to hunting, included mapping and reconnaissance of the area.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev became a full member of the Society for the Study of the Amur Territory, where he was brought by his fellow soldier, doctor N. IN. Kirilov, who was also fond of local history.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the library of the Society, Arsenyev was engaged in self-education, filling gaps in his knowledge of history and natural sciences, and gaining the skills of some scientific observations [6] [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev developed a close friendship with Nikolai Alexandrovich Palchevsky, a botanist and local historian, a member of the Society.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Palchevsky became Arsenyev's mentor, and participated with him in several expeditions as a florist [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

From 1900 to 1903, Arsenyev and his detachment made many hunting “excursions” around the surroundings, exploring almost the entire southeast of the Ussuri Territory.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Starting from the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula and Russky Island, he gradually made longer and longer hikes.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

During this period, Lieutenant Arsenyev and the hunting team of the regiment explored the territory from Posyet Bay in the south to Lake Khanka in the north, and from the Suifun River in the west to St. Olga Bay in the east.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Although the main task of such excursions was reconnaissance, route surveys and collection of statistical data on the population, Arsenyev, on his own initiative, conducted scientific observations: relief, geology, flora and fauna of the Ussuri Territory, about the peoples who inhabited these places, recording these observations in their travel diaries.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Traveling was associated with a great risk to life.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Thus, during a campaign in the area of the current Partizansky Range in November-December 1903, Arsenyev and his detachment had to wade the not yet frozen Xiao-Suzukha River 48 times.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At its confluence with the Ta-Suzuhe River, the rivers have already taken up ice that is not yet strong enough to withstand the weight of a person.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

It was decided to crawl across the river, and Arsenyev himself was the first to do so.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Near the opposite bank, he fell into the icy water, but he still managed to pull the rope with which the rest of the crew crossed [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The breadth of Arsenyev's research interests, which were not limited to his duties in service, is evidenced by his passion for archeology.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

He conducted his first excavations in the mouths of the Shamora and Tsimukhe rivers, and later explored the area rich in finds near the mouth of the Suchan River.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev sent many of his findings to the Russian Museum.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the beginning of 1903, Arsenyev became the head of the Vladivostok serf equestrian hunting team, while he was allowed to choose the goals of his campaigns himself, and leave for an unlimited time.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

He also devoted his vacation to travel and research: in one of them, Arsenyev described ancient monuments left by the Manchu tribes in the areas of the Maykhe, Tsimukhe and Kangauz rivers.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Upon his return, Arsenyev shared the description with his friend N. A. Palchevsky, through whom Arsenyev's work got to the chairman of the Priamursky Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society S. N. Vankov.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

He, in turn, reported to the Amur Governor-General N. AND. Grodekov, who created a museum of local lore in Khabarovsk, which has been named after him since 1902, and supported all local historians.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Grodekov ordered to consider Arsenyev's vacation, conducted for research, a business trip, and ordered to issue daily money [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In his first printed work, Report on the Activities of the Vladivostok Society of Hunting Enthusiasts for the 5th Anniversary from 1901 to 1905 Inclusive, published in Vladivostok in 1906, Arsenyev highlighted important issues of local hunting [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Shortly after the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War and the shelling of Vladivostok by a Japanese squadron, the preparation of the Vladivostok Fortress for the siege began.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The population and institutions were evacuated inland.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Officers of the Vladivostok Fortress were also ordered to send their wives and children out of Vladivostok.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev's wife Anna Konstantinovna, together with her children, four-year-old Volya and two-year-old Oleg, who was born, went to live with her parents in St. Petersburg.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

On the way, Oleg caught a cold and fell ill with meningitis, and died in St. Petersburg in November 1904 [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

During the Russo-Japanese War, Vladimir Arsenyev himself was engaged in reconnaissance of the area near the Nadezhdinskaya station, bounded by the Suifun and Maykhe rivers.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev received the rank of staff captain, and in June, as the commander of the battalion, he was appointed head of the “flying detachment”, which included all four equestrian hunting teams of the Vladivostok Fortress.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Despite the fact that in their publications researchers from different years attributed Arsenyev to participate in raids to China and Korea, and even the reflection of the Japanese landing in the area of St. Olga Bay, this is not is confirmed by documents.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Nevertheless, Arsenyev had some military merits, since by May 1906 he had the Order of St. Anne of the 3rd degree [13] and the 4th degree with the inscription “For Courage” [14], as well as the Order of St. Stanislav of the 3rd degree [15] [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Sikhote-Alin expeditions


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The Russian-Japanese War, which was lost in 1905, proved the inadmissibility of insufficient knowledge about the military-geographical features of the Ussuri Territory.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Taking into account the lessons of the war, work began to strengthen the defense of borders, including sea borders: it was necessary to identify dangerous places suitable for landing from the sea.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In addition, there was a need to assess the scale of activities of Japanese spies, collect statistical data on the local indigenous population, and other aspects.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In this regard, the Priamursky Governor-General Pavel Fedorovich Unterberger ordered to organize expeditions to the previously almost unexplored Sikhote-Alin ridge in order to collect military-geographical and military statistics in the event of a war with Japan, as well as colonization and economic and, along the way, natural and historical data.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Vladimir Arsenyev, staff captain of the 29th East Siberian Rifle Regiment, was appointed head of the upcoming expeditions, who for this purpose was transferred from Vladivostok to Khabarovsk, to the headquarters of the Priamursky military district [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Expedition of 1906


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At least 20 people took part in the expedition, including four Ussuri Cossacks and 12 soldiers of the 6th and 8th East Siberian Rifle Regiments.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev's assistants were Lieutenant G. G. Granatman and engineering backup officer A. AND. Merzlyakov [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The expedition also included N. A. Palchevsky as a botanist and chief of staff of the Priamursky Military District, Lieutenant General P. K. Rutkovsky, who expressed a desire to get with the expedition to St. Olga Bay in order to clearly explain the required tasks and determine possible routes for the transfer of troops to the post of St. Olga [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The expedition, which lasted exactly six months, started when part of the detachment with pack horses went from Khabarovsk to the Shmakovka station by rail.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The next day, the rest of the expedition members left the same way.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

the detachment moved from Shmakovka upstream of the Ussuri River.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

By the end of the fifth day, they reached Koksharovka, and then went upstream of the Fujin River.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the evening, the expedition reached the Sikhote-Alin ridge, and the next day began its ascent to the ridge.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The pass through which the expedition passed was named Arsenyev in honor of K. AND. Maksimovich, a botanist who conducted research in those places in 1859.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev's detachment reached St. Olga's Bay.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

There's Lieutenant General P. K. Rutkovsky left the detachment, and he was taken to Vladivostok by a specially sent destroyer Silent for him.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In Olga, the expedition had to stay for almost a month, waiting for the destroyer Statny, which was supposed to bring the necessary equipment.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

During this time, Arsenyev made several short “excursions” for the purpose of reconnaissance and assessment of the area, fulfilling the task of the Governor-General.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev entered all the information he obtained in his travel diary: information about roads, their passability for various types of weapons, the condition of roads in dry weather and rain, etc. [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In addition, he was engaged in topographic surveys of the area, measured the width of rivers, the speed of the flow and made other hydrographic measurements, and kept a diary of meteorological observations [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The indigenous population of the Ussuri Territory — Orochi, Udege, Golds (Nanai) and Tazy ethnographically aroused great interest among Arsenyev, and he decided to study them.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At that time, Arsenyev was familiar with ethnography only at the amateur level, and therefore everything had to learn on the go [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the evening, in the upper reaches of the Tadushi River near the Li-Fujin Pass, a largely fateful meeting for Arsenyev took place with gold Dersu Uzala, a future friend and hero of his books.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The next day, at Arsenyev's request, he became the conductor of the expedition.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Contrary to a widespread misconception due to Arsenyev's own books, the meeting with Dersu Uzala took place not in 1902, but in 1906 [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Then the expedition moved to Terney Bay, exploring all major rivers along the way.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

part of the detachment left Terney to Sikhote-Alin.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Crossing the ridge, the detachment had to wait two days for a snowstorm.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After 16 days of traveling through a deserted area, the company reached the village of Sidatun, where local Orochi residents helped them with food and clothing, and then took the detachment by boat to Iman until they were crushed ice.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The company walked the rest of the way to Iman Station.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the station, Arsenyev broke up with Dersu Uzala, agreeing to meet with him next year [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev and his squad arrived in Khabarovsk by train [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The result of Arsenyev's first major expedition, during which the Sikhote-Alin was crossed eight times, was a large number of collected collections: carcasses of birds, insects, fish, amphibians, as well as plants, rocks and ethnographic materials.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev subsequently sent many fees to various museums in the country.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In addition, meteorological observations, topographic surveys of the area were carried out along the entire route, maps and plans were drawn up.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev managed to collect a lot of ethnographic information about the indigenous peoples of the Ussuri Territory [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

All the information collected by the expedition formed the basis of the report, which Arsenyev read with great success in the Priamursky department of the IRGS [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Expedition of 1907


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Having received extreme satisfaction with the excellent results of the expedition of 1906, Governor-General P. F. Unterberger presented Staff Captain Arsenyev to be awarded out of turn the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree, although, according to the existing procedure for awarding, the holder of this order of the fourth degree persons not lower than the rank of lieutenant colonel (rank of the 7th class of the table of ranks) could become.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Thanks to this performance, by the highest order from, during Arsenyev's stay on his new expedition, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree, which in peacetime for the staff captain (the rank of the 9th class) in itself was a rare phenomenon and recognition of outstanding merits [16] [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In addition, even before the expedition, the highest order approved the award of the Order of St. Stanislaus of the 2nd degree with the wording for “excellent and diligent service” [17].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Upon returning to his usual duties, in March of the same year, staff captain Arsenyev, at the head of the hunting team of the 23rd East Siberian Rifle Regiment, was sent to conduct reconnaissance works on the slopes of the Khekhtsir ridge [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In 1907, it was decided to continue the work of the expedition of 1906.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

A plan for a new expedition to the Sikhote-Alin Ridge was developed and approved.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

According to him, it was necessary to explore the mountainous region of the Sikhote-Alin ridge between 45° and 47° north latitude, the basins of rivers flowing into the sea in that area, the upper reaches of the rivers that make up the Iman River system, and also the entire Bikin River basin.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Together with Arsenyev, his former assistant, engineering backup officer A. AND. Merzlyakov, as a florist — Swiss N. A. Desulavi, paleontologist student of Kyiv University P. P. Bordakov, the same lower ranks as last year, guide Dersu Uzala, as well as two Oroch interpreters.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The expedition members left Khabarovsk for Vladivostok.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

From there, the detachment had to go by sea to Dzhigit Bay (in the northern part of Rynda Bay) [5] [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In Vladivostok, the expedition was on the verge of collapse: there was no permanent sea traffic along the coast of the Sea of Japan yet, and the Eldorado steamer cruising along the coast sailed two days before Arsenyev's arrival.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The date of the next flight was unknown, so the entire squad needed to rent a house, which entailed unnecessary costs.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Thanks to the assistance of the commander of the military port Baron V. N. Fersen was again helped by the commanders of the destroyers Grozny and Silent P. G. Tigerstedt and S. H. Balk.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the evening of June 30, 1907, destroyers delivered an expedition to Dzhigit Bay.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The next morning, the expedition disembarked [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

For two weeks, the detachment waited for the steamer Eldorado, which was to bring pack mules.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

On July 10, the expedition set off on a journey upstream of the Yojihe River.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

By July 21, the beds of the Dangau, Sinancha, Tasindza and Dungou rivers had been surveyed.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the end of July, N. A. Desulavi and P. P. Bordakov said.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In Terney Bay, the expedition was joined by the commander of the Hunghuz hunters detachment, Chinese Zhang-Bao, whom Arsenyev met during last year's expedition [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

He had great authority among the Chinese and native population of the Ussuri Territory, and was also a good connoisseur of the area, which could undoubtedly be useful for the expedition [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The expedition ended on January 5, 1908 with a return to Khabarovsk.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

During the expedition, the north of the Ussuri Territory from Dzhigit Bay to the coast of the Tatar Strait; the upper reaches of the rivers of the Iman system, the Bikin River basin and the sea coast were explored.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Sikhote-Alin was completed 4 times [6] [2].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Together with everyone, Dersu Uzala came to Khabarovsk, whom Arsenyev lodged in his house [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the spring, Dersu, who had lived all his life in the taiga, could not stand the routine of city life and went to the forest.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

On March 13, 1908, he was killed near the Korfovskaya station [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

“Jubilee” expedition of 1908—1910


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The organization of the next, larger expedition began in the spring of 1908 on behalf of Governor-General P. F. Unterberger and with the support of the Priamursky Department of the IRGS.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Having the previous goals — natural science and historical, the expedition was supposed to explore the previously almost unknown northern part of the Ussuri Territory and the Sikhote-Alin ridge from the Anyui River to Imperial Harbor.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Maps of the area that existed at the beginning of the 20th century were very inaccurate, as topographic surveys of the area had never been carried out there.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Thus, the 40-vertex map of 1889 was actually only a diagram of the river network and, as it later turned out during the expedition, was rather inaccurate [18].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In addition to the chief, staff captain Vladimir Arsenyev, the expedition was attended by seven soldiers and two Ussuri Cossacks, staff captain Timofey Antonovich Nikolaev as an assistant to Arsenyev, florist N. A. Desulavi, amateur hunter I. A. Dzyul, geologist S. F. Gusev, as well as Chinese Zhang-Bao and Nanai translator Timofey Kosyakov, who joined the detachment during the expedition.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At various stages of the journey, guides from among the natives joined the detachment [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Initially, the detachment split in two.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The first group consisted of seven soldiers under the command of Staff Captain T. A. Nikolaeva.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In early June 1908, they went by sea from Vladivostok to Imperial Harbor to organize three food warehouses for the expedition, then they had to meet the main detachment of V. K. Arsenyeva.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In addition to the head of the expedition, this detachment included S. F. Gusev N. A. Desulavi, I. A. Dzyul and two Ussuri Cossacks.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

they sailed by steamer from Khabarovsk, and the next morning they disembarked the Amur River in the village of Troitskoye.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

From there, by boat, together with the Nanai, the detachment went up the Anyu River, and further to the Sikhote-Alin Ridge, to pass through it and reach the Imperial Harbor.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Almost a month later, the travelers reached the Bira River, where Arsenyev released the Oroch with boats, and then the expedition continued its journey to the Sikhote-Alin ridge on foot [19] [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The crossing over the ridge was fraught with great difficulties.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Since then, the expedition began to run out of food, which is why it was ordered to save food and salt.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The situation was aggravated by the fact that the travelers were, in the words of Arsenyev himself, in the “forest desert” — a completely remote deserted area.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

For many kilometers around, there was not even a single camp of natives where the detachment could count on help with food and equipment.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After descending from the ridge and a few days of travel, it was decided to make boats and continue rafting on them.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

However, the hastily made boats did not keep on the water: one of the boats overturned immediately after departure, which caused the current to carry away two tents, wet many things, including guns and remnants food.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

A few days later, after another crash, which caused many things to drown, it was decided to abandon both boats and part of the equipment, taking only the most valuable things.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

A severe hunger strike has begun [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Later, Arseniev wrote:


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Because of the hunger strike, Arsenyev's exhausted dog Alpa, who accompanied him on all campaigns and expeditions for eight years, had to be shot dead and fed the meat of other dogs and people.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Contrary to expectations, neither the counter detachment of the staff-captain Nikolaev, nor the warehouses with food left by him weren't visible.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The Nanai interpreter and Zhang-Bao became very ill and could hardly walk.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the morning, Zhang-Bao, who had not slept all night due to illness, got up at dawn and walked forward alone.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

During the day, the main squad, tormented by heat and midges, could not catch up with him.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

By evening of the same day, Zhang-Bao did not return to the bivouac.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

By an absolutely incredible coincidence, he didn't die, and two days after his departure unexpectedly met the oncoming detachment of the staff captain Nikolaev.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Having learned about the situation, Nikolaev immediately went to the aid of Arsenyev's detachment, and in the morning he reached his bivouac and saved the people who died of hunger [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the end of August, the expedition reached the sea, and soon reached the Imperial Harbor.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After two weeks of rest, the expedition recovered from a 21-day hunger strike and left the Imperial Harbor, heading south.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the mouth of Samarga, where the expedition reached, we had to wait a whole month for staff captain Nikolaev, who was supposed to deliver new equipment.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The expedition made its further journey through the winter taiga on sledges, into which several dogs were pulled.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Having met the new year 1909 at the mouth of the Bui River, the detachment passed through the Sikhote-Alin and, having passed through the taiga without incident, went to the Amur.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The expedition set up a camp 128 kilometers from Khabarovsk.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev went to the city to report on the results of the expedition [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The report made by Arsenyev in the hall of the Public Assembly was greeted with a standing ovation.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The audience was delighted with the courage of travelers who were on the verge of death.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev was elected a full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Recommendations were given to him by IRGS Secretary A. A. Dostoevsky and a full member of this society, captain A. N. Gudzenko [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In Khabarovsk, Arsenyev submitted a preliminary colonization report of the expedition to the Resettlement Administration [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After a short rest at home, he returned to his company, which was camping at Lake Sindh, and the expedition continued to work.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Going downstream of the Amur to the mouth of the Anyuy River, the detachment marched along the rivers Pikhtsa and Tormasuni.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Having reached the Sikhote-Alin ridge, the expedition crossed it and reached the Ikbu River, and then to the Koppi River [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev's detachment went to the Tatar Strait, and went by boat to Cape Kekurny.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After conducting research in the coastal area, the company walked to the St. Nicholas Lighthouse in the Imperial Harbor to carry out the necessary work there.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After finishing, the expedition turned back north and reached Auka Bay, and then, after passing Cape Syurcum and Molosov Bay, reached De-Kastri Bay, where the expedition team settled for a week's rest.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

From here, the expedition moved towards the village of Mariinsko-Uspenskoye on Lake Kizi.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The next part of the route was again covered by boats: the detachment returned to the Sikhote-Alin ridge, which passed along the Yasemal and Chichemal rivers, and then reached the Tumnin River, along which it reached Imperial Harbor.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the period from August to October 1909, Arsenyev surveyed the basins of the Hadi, Tutto, Ma, Uy and Zhuanka rivers, which flow into the Tatar Strait near the Imperial Harbor [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In addition to himself, Arsenyev's detachment included only two soldiers — Ilya Rozhkov and Pavel Nozdrin.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The rest of the expedition gradually dropped out of it at the end of their service or due to illness [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

On this day, they embarked on a long route along the Tumnin, Akur and Hungari rivers from Datta Bay to the Amur.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

After making a heavy 76-day ski crossing through Sikhote-Alin, the travelers reached the village of Voznesensky on the Amur River.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The expedition, which lasted 19 months, ended with a return to Khabarovsk [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

On the same day, at a meeting of the Priamursky department of the IRGS, Arsenyev's expedition was given the name “Yubileynaya” - in honor of the 50th anniversary of the annexation of the Amur Region to the Russian Empire following the signing Aigun Treaty by Count Muravyov-Amursky [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Among the expedition's collections were extensive ethnographic, botanical and other collections, more than a hundred sheets of route photography, numerous photographs, eight expedition notebooks, including three travel diaries, three diaries of meteorological observations and two journals of astronomical identification of points, many drawings and outlines of surveys of the area.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

A lot of different information collected about rivers, flora and fauna was collected, as well as dictionary materials on the Oroch and Udege languages, and much more [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

All route surveys were handed over to the headquarters of the Priamursky Military District.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

During the expedition, excavations of several ancient fortifications were carried out, and two Stone Age sites were found.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The Sikhote-Alin Ridge has been crossed seven times [20].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the request of the editor of the Khabarovsk newspaper Priamurye A. P. Silnitsky, Arsenyev, as far as possible, sent letters with travel notes to the editorial office directly from the expedition.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

He sent his first “Excerpt from the Travel Diary” together with Oroch guides returning from the taiga.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

During the expedition, Arsenyev sent more than 70 letters, of which only half reached Khabarovsk and appeared in print.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

These letters, published in the newspaper in 1908—1912 under the general heading “From the Travel Diary”, later formed the basis of Arsenyev's story “In the Mountains of Sikhote-Alin”.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In addition, almost half a century later, after the death of V. K. Arsenyev, researcher of his biography, ethnographer, folklorist and his personal acquaintance M. K. Azadovsky, who rightly considered these notes to be the first popular science work of Arsenyev, put them together and provided extensive comments, giving the collection the title “Life and Adventures in the Taiga”.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

This book was first published in 1957 by the Geografgiz publishing house under the general editorship of Academician S. IN. Obrucheva [21] [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

A trip to Saint Petersburg and a new destination


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Immediately after returning from a 19-month expedition, Arsenyev vigorously undertook to process expedition materials, compiling reports and analyzing collections.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

By autumn, he not only completed his reports, but also wrote several extensive reports on the basis of materials collected during the expeditions of 1900-1910: “The Chinese in the Ussuri Territory”, “Orochi-Udehe” and “The Oldest history of the Ussuri krai” [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In July 1910, Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev became the director of the Khabarovsk Museum of Local Lore named after N. AND. Grodekov of the Priamursky Branch of the IRGS [22], and held this post until May 1919, and then again from October 1, 1924 to December 15, 1925 [5] [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In the summer of 1910, during his trip to the Amur and Sakhalin, Khabarovsk was visited by the famous ethnographer Lev Yakovlevich Sternberg.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

For Arsenyev, acquaintance with him was a great opportunity to eliminate his gaps in knowledge of ethnography.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In August, Arsenyev and Sternberg made a short voyage from Nikolaevsk to the Aleksandrovsky post on Sakhalin [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In October 1910, V. K. Arsenyev, as an assistant to the chief of the echelon, accompanied soldiers who had retired to Syzran.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

He was carrying boxes with exhibits collected during his expeditions.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the end of his official duties, Arsenyev sent his collections to St. Petersburg, and then went himself [6].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Arsenyev stayed in St. Petersburg from April 1911 to April 1911, and repeatedly made reports on his travels and research.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

IN. K. Arsenyev first attended a meeting of the ethnography department of the IRGS, and in the presence of famous scientists and travelers P. K. Kozlova, P. N. Luppova, M. M. Prishvin, retired Governor-General P. F. Unterberger and others, he made a report “The Chinese in the Ussuri Territory”, then in March - with a report “Orochi-Udehe”.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

A year later, for these reports, V. K. Arsenyev was awarded a small silver medal of the IRGS [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the Officers' Meeting on Liteyny Prospekt, Arsenyev addressed members of the Russian Military Historical Society with a report “The oldest history of the Ussuri Territory according to the legends of the Chinese and on the basis of archaeological finds of 1903—1907” [6] [5].


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

For his ethnographic collections donated to the Russian Museum, Arsenyev was awarded the silver medal of this museum.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

To some extent, thanks to the petition of the manager of the Russian Museum, Grand Duke Georgy Mikhailovich, to the tsar, Arsenyev's scientific merits became interested not only in the capital's scientific circles, but also at court.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Through the efforts of his patrons, staff captain Arsenyev was introduced to Emperor Nicholas II.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

At the All-Russian Ethnographic Exhibition at the Russian Museum, Arsenyev was honored to personally present his ethnographic collections to the tsar.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

Interesting details about the visit to the exhibition by Emperor Nicholas II from the words of Arsenyev are given by the writer M. K. Azadovsky [6] [5]:


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

In addition to meeting the capital's leading scientists, geographers and ethnographers, Arsenyev faced intrigues and envy of his success.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

On this occasion, Arsenyev wrote in one of his letters [6]:


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

The return to Khabarovsk was facilitated by an urgent telegram from the new Governor-General of the Amur Region Nikolai Lvovich Gondatti, who took the post of P. F. Unterberger.


Question: How many children did Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev have?

Vladimir Arsenyev

An urgent call home did not prevent Arsenyev from stopping by on his way back to Moscow to see his parents who had moved there.