Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Since December 11, 2007, Victor Brial, a native of Sigawa, has been performing his duties [54].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

This is the second time he holds this post (before that from March 16, 1997 to January 14, 1999 [54]).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Council of the Territory consists of three kings of the traditional kingdoms and three members appointed by the Supreme Administrator on the proposal of the Territorial Assembly.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Council has an advisory role, and traditional kings, village chiefs and the Supreme Administrator have real governance.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Legislature


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The main legislative body is the unicameral Territorial Assembly, consisting of 20 members elected by popular vote for a period of 5 years.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The territory is divided into 5 constituencies (in accordance with the administrative-territorial division).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Thus, Mua District elects 6 deputies, Hahake District 4, Hihifo 3, Alo 4, Sigav 3 [53].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Territorial Assembly decides on civil law issues and manages the territorial budget.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

All decisions of the Assembly must be approved by the Supreme Administrator.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Wallis and Futuna Territory elects one senator to the French Senate (now Robert Lofool [56]) and one deputy to the National Assembly (the mandate for 2007-2012 is held by a representative of the socialist French party Albert Likuvalu [57])


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Political parties


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In addition to some French parties (the Union for a Popular Movement — won 12 seats in the last elections to the Territorial Assembly [58], the Socialist Party won 12 seats in the last elections to the Territorial Assembly The Assembly won 8 seats [58], the Union for French Democracy — Democratic Movement and others) three local parties are active on the islands: Voice of the Peoples Wallis and Futuna (La Voix des Futuna Peuples Wallisens et Futuniens, Union Populaire pour Wallis et Futuna and Sigave L'Association Nationale.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Judiciary


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Justice is administered under French law by the court of first instance in Mata-Utu.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

However, the three traditional kings have the right to administer justice under “customary law” (this does not apply to criminal cases).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Court of Appeal is located in Noumea, New Caledonia.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The territory is characterized by an extremely low crime rate.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Thus, in the first half of 2006, there were 64 violations [59].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Local government


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Unlike the metropolis, overseas departments and other overseas communities, the Territory is divided not into districts, but into districts, within the boundaries exactly coinciding with the traditional kingdoms of the islands.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Each district enjoys the rights of a legal entity and has a budget that is managed by a district council, which includes traditional chiefs and is headed by a king.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Kingdom of the Wallisian Uvea, and both Futunan kingdoms, Alo and Sigav, are aristocratic monarchies — noble families, aliki, elect or remove kings.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

King Ouvea bears the title of Laveloa (since 1858, when Queen Falakika Sailala took the name of her predecessor and brother [54]).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

After the death of Thomasi Kilimoetoke II, Kapiliele Faupala has been king since July 25, 2008.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

He is assisted by Prime Minister Emeni Leulagi [54] (titled kivalu) and five other ministers.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At the suggestion of the population, the king appoints three district leaders (faipule), who have authority over 21 village chiefs elected by the population.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Village chiefs can impose duties for community service.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

They are elected/removed by a majority vote at the village general meeting (fono), which takes place every Sunday in the fale fono meeting hut.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The organization of the two Futunan kingdoms is similar.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Petelo Vikena, a member of the Lalolalo dynasty, [54] (titled Tuʻi Agaifo), has been King of Alo since November 6, 2008.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

On January 22, 2010, Petelo Vikena abdicated due to increasing social tension in society [60] [61].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

A new king has not yet been elected.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Atonio Tuiseca has been acting as Prime Minister (Tiafoi) since 2008 [54].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Vesesio Moeliku [54] (titled Tuʻi Sigave) has been King of Shigawa since March 10, 2004.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Due to social tension in society, he renounced at the end of 2009, a few months before King Alo [60].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Luciano Soco [54] (Kaifakaulu) has been its Prime Minister since 2006.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Ministers in these kingdoms act as spokesmen for kings, and their power is limited to village chiefs who are appointed by noble families and can easily overthrow the king.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Kings, ministers and village chiefs receive maintenance from the French Republic.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Armed forces and police


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

All men over the age of 18 must serve 2 years in the French Armed Forces [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Some islanders use their military service to emigrate to France.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

For example, John Babin became the first Wallian captain of the French army on August 1, 2003 (served in Alsace) [63].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

International relations


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Wallis and Futuna are a member of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (since 1947), the Pacific Regional Environmental Programme [64] and an observer at the South Pacific Forum (since 2006) ).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Flag and coat of arms


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Economics


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Wallis and Futuna Economy [65] [66] Currency1 CFP Franc (F CFP) = 100 SantimsBudget YearCalendar YearTrade Organizations?


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

StatisticsWorld situation (judging by PPP)?


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

GDP (PPP) $60 million (2004, estimate) Growth of GDP per capita (PPP) $3,800 (2004, estimate) Inflation2.8% (2005) Labor force3104 (2003) Unemployment15.2% (2003) Main branches of the national economyAgriculture EconomyTrade partnersExport$46 thousand (2004) Main partners (ex.) France, Italy, New CaledoniaImport$58.79 million (2004) Main partners (imp.) France, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, New CaledoniaGos.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

FinanceBudget revenues$27.730 million (2004) Budget expenses$31.330 million (2004)


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

General characteristics


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Territory's economy remains largely traditional and is fairly poorly monetarized.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Most of the production is consumed on the islands themselves, and exports are limited.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The main branch of the economy is agriculture, which is mainly represented by pig and poultry farming (chickens and eggs).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Fisheries, the development of which is paid great attention by the authorities of the territory, has not yet developed enough even to meet local demand.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Although in the medium term, it is planned to grow this industry and build a fishing port.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Forests that were excessively cut down in the recent past are being restored, and timber harvesting will soon be possible again [67].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Agriculture and animal husbandry


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Agriculture and animal husbandry occupy the first place for almost all inhabitants of the islands.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Agricultural products are mainly for


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

meet their own needs and in most cases do not enter the market.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The traditional regime of land ownership, based on the indivisibility of the land plot of each family, whose lands are inalienable and intransferable, is the main characteristic of the exploitation of arable land.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Each family member can use all the property of the family economy [68].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Thus, the agriculture of the territory is very fragmented.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

According to the first agricultural inventory [68] conducted in 2001, there were 1,167 farms on Uvea and 755 in Futuna.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

1,922 of these farms united 13,283 people.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Families have their own equipment.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The total area of farms is estimated at 1,350 hectares, which is 9.5% of the area of the islands, with 620 hectares used in Futuna and Alofi and 730 on Wallis Islands [69].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Food crops


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Food crops occupy 6.7% of the islands' area (950 ha) [69].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Residents grow their main food products: yam (25 ha), taro (100 ha), banana (140 ha), breadfruit (160 ha).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Large areas are under cassava (530 ha) and coconut palm (more than 4,000 ha) [69].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Due to the complexity of growing vegetables, they are imported (in particular, in 2007, 313 tons of vegetables were imported for the amount of 67 million CFP [69]).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

However, attempts are being made to grow them, and 7 farms are already successfully cultivating salads.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Bread, pasta, potatoes and rice familiar to Europeans are imported.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Fruits are successfully grown, mainly bananas, lemons and papaya, which bear fruit all year round.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At the same time, pineapples, avocados, mangoes, oranges and grapefruits are seasonal products.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Animal husbandry


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Animal husbandry is represented almost exclusively by pig and poultry farming.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At the same time, the share of pig farming increases, and poultry farming decreases [70].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The breeding of pigs meets local specific needs (traditional sacrifices and family celebrations).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Therefore, almost every family has several pigs.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

According to the 2001 agricultural census, 71% of pigs weighing more than 25 kg are used for sacrifices, and 53% of pigs weighing less than 25 kg are consumed by the owners themselves [70].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Only 10% of pigs and piglets enter the market.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

2,146 residents of the Territory reported having 30,100 pigs, or 2.26 pigs per capita.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The annual meat production is estimated at 2,000 tons according to the 2001 census [70].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In accordance with the Europeanization of the way of life, the population is increasingly consuming canned meat, which is imported.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The methods of breeding poultry are extremely traditional.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Chickens are intended for family consumption, but most of the demand is met by imports (in 2007, 923 tons of poultry meat were imported [71]).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

There are 2 large local farms (one in Uvea and one in Futuna).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The production volume is estimated at 10 tons per year, and the demand for their products is high.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In 2007, the 2,500 laying hens on these two farms produced 250 dozen eggs per day, which is approximately 1 million eggs per year (50 tons).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

This covered local needs by 60%.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

33 tons of eggs were imported [71].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In addition to pig and poultry farming, the breeding of other animals is scarce: the local bishopric keeps several heads of cattle.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Beef is imported (330 tons/year), as well as dairy products (260 tons/year) [71].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In 1989, an agricultural college was established in the village of Lavegahau in Wallis and Futuna.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In 2007, it had 63 students [70].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Fisheries


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The territory has a significant exclusive economic zone, the area of which is 266,000 km² [67] (some sources indicate the figure of 300,000 km² [9]).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In 2002, experts from New Caledonia estimated the potential of this zone at 2—3 thousand tons of fish per year, including 1,352—2.35 thousand tons of tuna.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In 2008, construction of a fishing port began in the harbor of Halalo village in the south of Ouvea Island.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At the same time, the small lagoon of the Wallis Islands still remains the fishing zone.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

There is no fishing on an industrial scale.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Fishermen (there are 333 [72] of them on the islands according to the 2001 census) mainly use nets, as well as spearfishing rifles and darts.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The fishing is carried out from the side of the pie and motor boats.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At the same time, only 20% of them go to sea more than 2 times a week.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The total catch is estimated at 600-800 tons per year and is consumed entirely by the population of the islands [72].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Due to the depletion of fish stocks in the lagoon, the Territorial Assembly encourages fishing on the high seas: fishermen are given a discount on fuel, materials, maintenance [73].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The development program for 2007-2011 provides for the equipment of small enterprises for the production, transportation and sale of frozen seafood.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

An important industry is the extraction of trochus clams used to make buttons.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

This is one of the types of export economic activity (supplied to Italy [67]).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Traditional crafts


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Traditional handicrafts, which are exclusively practiced by women, are no longer found on Wallis and Futuna Islands.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Handicraft products were previously used mainly during traditional ceremonies, and after the opening of the territory to the rest of the world, they turned into decorative crafts.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Various crafts, including wooden sculptures decorated with floral ornaments, are very much appreciated in the Pacific region.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

One- or multi-color mats, various wickerwork and shell necklaces are also made.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

These products, which are produced by about 300 people [67], are exported to Noumea and Tahiti.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Wallis and Futuna handicraft industry suffers from a lack of markets and competition from Fiji and Samoa, which can produce similar products in large quantities and at more competitive prices.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Almost every village now has its own craft workshop.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

This activity makes it possible to produce with very little resources.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

However, despite the efforts of society, the development of this activity encounters problems with delivery to France and Europe, which makes it very difficult to sell products [67].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Several talented wood sculptors live on the islands, who, however, do not even meet local demand [67].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Trade


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Trade on the islands is developing dynamically.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Both large importers and wholesalers and retailers are represented on the market.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The first ones appeared in Wallis and Futuna about 10 years ago and continue to develop their business.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

They enjoy a regular clientele and are convinced of the stability of sales markets.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

For example, Wallis Islands has 1 importer of building materials and 1 importer of food products that share the market among themselves.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In Futuna, 3 enterprises share most of the market among themselves [74].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In total, 281 people are employed in trade on the islands at 125 enterprises [74].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Consumption of the population increases due to the increase in their amount of money


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The growth in the purchasing power of residents is well illustrated by the opening of the first supermarket on the islands in 2002 [67] (Fenuarama [75]).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The demand for vehicles is growing particularly fast.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Tourism


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Tourism activities on the territory are still very underdeveloped.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

This is primarily due to the isolation of Wallis and Futuna Islands, as well as the lack of external investment on the islands and limited access to bank credit [74].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At the same time, the territory has certain advantages.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The inhabitants of the islands live in an authentic traditional way of life and conduct crowded gatherings and rituals.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The islands have well-preserved natural landscapes: crater lakes, Wallis Islands and lagoons, forests and beaches of Horn Islands.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The cultural heritage is also great: the burials of Tongans on Wallis and the grave of St. Father Chanel in Poi on Futuna.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

However, these advantages are poorly used, and so far all the islands have to offer tourists is a 6-hole golf course, a diving club and an flying club (ultralight aircraft) [67].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

There are only 6 hotels on the islands (4 in Ouvea and 2 in Futuna), which can accommodate only 140 people.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Hotel clients are mainly specialists and businessmen [74].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Transportation


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Sea transport.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Sea transport is received at three ports: Mata-Utu (goods) and Halalo (fuel) on Ouvea Island; Leava on Futuna Island.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Wallis and Futuna is served by three maritime companies: Moana Navigation (called Moana Shipping since 2001 and headquartered in Mata-Utu), Pacific Direct Line (based in Auckland, New Zealand) and Sofrana (visits the islands every 25 days).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The first two companies have a partnership agreement and provide for charter the Soutern Moana vessel, with a carrying capacity of 5,320 tons, which sails under the flag of Italy (called on the islands every 20 days).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Since 2007, [76] all three companies have been using a single vessel, the Southern Pasifika, which can take on board 512 containers (visits the islands every 24 days).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

With a few exceptions, all ships calling on the Wallis Islands also call Futuna.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Air transport.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Due to the isolation of the islands, air transport is of great importance.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Both external and domestic air transportation is carried out by one company — Air Calédonie International (Aircalin).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Territory is served by the only international airport, Hihifo, located in the north of Ouvea.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The length of the runway makes it possible to receive aircraft such as the Airbus A320 [77].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Futuna Island has a local airport, Cape Vele, with a length of a dirt runway of 1,100 m [67].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Reconstruction of this airport is planned.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Ground transport.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

All villages are connected by roads of different levels, mainly along the banks.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The total length of roads is 120 km (100 km to Ouvea, 20 km to Futuna), of which only 16 km are covered (all on Ouvea) [78].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Connectivity


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The state company Postal and Telecommunications Service (SPT) operates on the territory.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

This company provides mail delivery on the islands, issues a small number of stamps, telephone services and the Internet.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The main post office is located in Mata-Utu.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

There are two other branches in Ouvea in Mua and Hihifo counties.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

On Futuna Island, only Leava has a post office [79].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Initially, postal service to the islands was carried out through the New Hebrides or New Caledonia, but was irregular depending on the frequency of ships entering the islands.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

It was not until 1935 that regular postal services were established by postal ships on the line connecting Wallis and Futuna to Sydney through Port Vila (now Vanuatu) and Noumea (New Caledonia).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In 1986, the local television channel RFO Wallis et Futuna (since 2010 Wallis et Futuna 1re Radio Télé Internet) began broadcasting from the studio in Mata Utu (originally only in Wallis, and only since 1994 in Futuna) .


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Initially, most of the broadcasting was occupied by programs of the metropolitan television groups (France Télévisions, TF1 and Arte), broadcast via satellite.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Currently, at least 25% of the airtime is occupied by locally produced programs in French, Welsh and Futunan, focusing on the realities of life of the inhabitants of the islands and the region, from which the largest audience is gathered by the evening thirteen-minute news at 19.00 JT Wallis et Futuna in French and, after the weather forecast, at 7.15 pm in Wallis and a Saturday program with an invited guest of the L'invité de la semaine studio from 7.15 pm to 7.45 pm.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The programme also includes daily morning broadcasts of Nouvelle-Calédonie 1re (from New Caledonia) and Polynésie 1re (from Tahiti), as well as monthly news magazines produced by them.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The weekly TV magazine produced by Wallis and Futuna Television is broadcast by the French channel France, which specializes in regional programs [80].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In 1978, the French government, with the consent of King Thomas Kulimoetoki II and with the participation of France Régions 3, decided to open the FR3 Wallis et Futuna radio station on the islands (since 2010 Wallis et Futuna 1re Radio Télé Internet), which began broadcasting in April 1979 from Mata-Utu.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The radio station broadcasts both programs of its own production in French, Welsh and Futunan, as well as those produced in Polynésie 1ère, Nouvelle-Calédonie 1ère, Radio and Radio France.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In addition to broadcasting on FM frequencies, there is streaming on its own website.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In the metropolis, Wallis and Futuna Radio programs are broadcast by Freebox TV [81].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

As of June 2010, there were 1,300 Internet users on the islands (about 8.5% of the population) [82].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

There is no mobile connection in the territory, although it is planned to create a network in the


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Foreign economic relations


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Exports.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

During 2007, exports were 0, while in 2006 19 were exported


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

tons of trochus shells with a total value of 11.6 million CFP francs [83].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Consequently, the trade deficit equals the value of imports, and the percentage of import coverage by exports is negligible.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Imports.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The volume of imports is increasing and in 2007 amounted to 32,228 tons of products worth 5.386 billion CFP francs.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Imports are dominated by food (1.537 billion CFP francs), minerals (900.4 million CFP francs), means of transportation (770.9 million CFP francs) and chemicals (461 million CFP francs) [84] .


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The main supplier of imports registered in 2007 is France, supplying goods worth 1.5 billion CFP francs (28% of the total value of imported goods).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Singapore is in second place with goods worth 802 million CFP francs (14%), followed by Australia with supplies worth 703 million CFP francs (13%), New Zealand with 520 million CFP francs (9%), Fiji and New Caledonia — supplies worth 321 million CFP francs (6%) [84].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Monetary system and finance


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The currency of the Wallis and Futuna Islands is the French Pacific franc (CFP franc).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

As of January 30, 2010, $1 was worth 86 CFP francs [85].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

According to EOM, the Territory's planned budget expenditure for 2008 is 2.726 billion CFP francs [86] (approximately $33.43 million [87]).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In 2006, real budget expenditures amounted to 2.850 billion CFP francs [88] ($29.83 million [89]), and its revenues amounted to 2.683 billion francs ($28.08 million [89]).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Budget 2006 [88]:


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The main items of expenditure: staff maintenance (including teachers and doctors) — salaries, benefits, subsidies, social insurance — 37%; other management costs — 36%; external services — 14%; purchases and replenishment of strategic reserves — 3%; financial expenses — 5%; investment — 6%.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The main items of income: services and trade — 10%; taxes and fees — 68%; subsidies to the metropolis — 21%; income from financial transactions — 1%.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The islands' banking system is based on three institutions: the Wallis and Futuna Bank, the State Treasury and the French Development Agency.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Wallis and Futuna Bank (BWF), the Territory's only true commercial bank, is a subsidiary of BNP Paribas Nouvelle-Calédonie and was opened in 1991 [90].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Culture


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Social organization


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The traditional hierarchy continues to exist on the islands (for more details see Local government).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

There is a gender division of labor.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Women are mainly engaged in agriculture and raising children.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Only a small number of women work in public institutions, but a significant number of senior positions in government and society are held by women [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The basic unit of society is a complex family.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The household of a complex family usually consists of several houses in which siblings and their spouses live.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

When a young couple gets married, they join the household of one of their families.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At the same time, new houses are rarely built.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The household is usually headed by a father or eldest son, although sometimes the older sister takes on this role.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Food and other things, raising children — is evenly distributed among members of a complex family [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Especially reverent attitude in such families towards young children.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Weddings.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Marriages are created only with the consent of families and are formalized by the church.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The first marriages on the islands were arranged by missionaries who raised boys and girls outside their families.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Today, young people meet in high school and families bless them or disapprove of friendship.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

There are also common-law marriages, but they are not approved by families or the church.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Children born out of wedlock are raised by aunts and grandmothers [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Houses and other facilities


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

According to the 2008 census, there are 3,467 houses on the islands (320 of them are empty).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Most of the houses on Uvea are built of concrete and covered with corrugated iron.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

However, there are still traditional dwellings with walls made of pandanus leaves and a thatched roof.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Indoor floors can have several levels, and people prefer to sit on the floor.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Meals are usually prepared outdoors.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Toilets are only available in new buildings.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Futunan buildings are mostly built in the Polynesian fale style.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The sleeping house is made with open walls, thatched roofs and thatched curtains that are lowered during bad weather.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Concrete can be a floor or a low wall so that pigs do not run into the house.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Food is prepared either in the kitchen, which is located behind the sleeping house, or in an earthen oven.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Plumbing and electricity were installed in 1990, although few islanders can afford electricity [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Each village has a small store, and Mata-Utu has the only supermarket on the islands.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Kitchen


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Taro, yams and sweet potatoes form the basis of the diet of most islanders, both before and now.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Fish is widely eaten in villages on the island of Ouvea, located on the coast.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

If there is no man in the family for any reason, then women collect edible crustaceans from the lagoon.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Pigs and chickens are fed mainly for holidays [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Families usually eat twice a day.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

For breakfast, people usually eat bread and drink coffee.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Dinner consists of taro or yams and fish (on Wallis Islands) and sometimes thawed chicken and boiled corned beef.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The most common drink is tea [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Pork, chickens and turtles are an obligatory attribute of the festive table.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At the same time, cava and imported alcoholic beverages are consumed.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Traditional symbols


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The main symbols of Wallian and Futunan cultures are the drink kava and tapa fabric.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Kava is an intoxicating drink made from the roots of a plant.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Futunans have a legend that explains how this plant appeared on their island.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

According to her, there was no cava at first.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At that time, the islanders worshiped nine gods: the upper two and the lower seven (located in the underworld of Pulot).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The leaders were completely dependent on the latter and turned to them for help.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

One day, one of the lower deities, Fitu, came to people to live with them.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Fitu brought cava roots with him and planted one of them in the ground, and since then this plant has been growing on Futuna [91].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

And now cava is grown by grandfather's methods, using wooden devices to protect the roots of the plant.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

It takes 12—18 months between planting and harvesting.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Currently, cava does not grow on Wallis Islands and is imported from the Horn Islands [91].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The preparation of the drink is carried out as follows: the roots cleared from the ground are cut and crushed with a pestle.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The latter procedure can be replaced by chewing by specially selected people (often virgin girls).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The resulting gruel is mixed with water in a small wooden vessel of round shape.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

When preparing kava for a king, the presence of the king, the council of chiefs, as well as religious and administrative authorities is a prerequisite.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Previously, cava was drunk to create a connection between the worlds of the living and the dead, as well as during negotiations between leaders.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Now the kava ceremony means unity between different social categories of the population and leaders and kings [92].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Since 2002, the cultivation of cava has been limited by the administration of the islands, but residents do not pay any attention to the ban [91].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Tapas are made by women for exchange in rituals that families perform together.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

It, together with fragrant oils, symbolizes the wealth of women.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

It is often sold to tourists.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The island's cultural symbol is also the Lomipeau canoe, which symbolizes the connection between the Wallisians and the Tonga maritime empire four hundred years ago.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

They used such canoes to travel to Tonga, Samoa and other islands [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Art


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Literature.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The literature of the islands is represented by a few attempts to record the myths and legends of the islanders, as well as the history of


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

But the situation should gradually change, as education is becoming more accessible to the islanders [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Fine arts.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Siapo and tap images are the main form of artistic expression for Wallian and Futunan women.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

To create them, they use a template carved from the bark of the tree and brown (traditional) and black paints (both local and imported).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Mats woven from these fabrics with brown wool fringe are used as offerings at the funeral of relatives [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Sports


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Sports on the territory are underdeveloped.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

There is only one stadium with equipped seats for spectators — the multifunctional Stade de Mata-Utu.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

It can accommodate 1,500 spectators and is mainly used for football matches [93].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Territory has participated in the South Pacific Games since 1966.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

For example, at the last games held in 2007 in Samoa, Wallis and Futuna won three gold and one bronze medal and finished 13th in the overall standings [94].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Throughout the history of participation, the territory has won 22 gold, 35 silver and 77 bronze medals, and ranks 10th in the overall standings [95].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The best result was 5th place at the 1995 Games in Tahiti [96].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Wallis and Futuna also participate in the Pacific mini-games, and will host them in 2013 [97].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

At the last games held in 2009 in the Cook Islands, Wallis and Futuna finished 18th overall with one bronze medal (javelin throw).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Throughout their history (since their first games in 1981), Wallis and Futuna have won 5 gold, 2 silver and 6 bronze medals [95].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Some of the most famous athletes on the islands are Samuel Tua (native of Mata-Utu) and Toafa Takaniko (Futuna), who are players of the French volleyball team and French volleyball Cannes and Toulouse clubs respectively [99].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Toafa Takaniko won the 2007 French Volleyball Cup with his club, and both of them won silver medalists at the 2009 European Championship with the French national team.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Soccer.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The Territory has its own national team, which, however, is neither a member of FIFA nor the Oceania Football Confederation, and therefore does not participate in the World Cup.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In total, the national team played 20 matches (all at the South Pacific Games) [100]: 4 wins and 16 losses.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

First match: 13 December 1966, New Caledonia 5-0 Wallis and Futuna; last match (as of October 2009): 20 August 1995, New Caledonia 10-0 Wallis and Futuna.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Biggest 5-1 victory (December 12, 1988 against New Caledonia), biggest 0-17 defeat (September 1991, against Papua New Guinea) [100].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The highest achievement at the South Pacific Games was the quarterfinals in 1983 [101].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Rugby.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Wallis and Futuna played their first match on December 1, 1966 against Papua New Guinea and lost 5:54.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In total, the team played seven matches (only one 3-0 victory over Tahiti on September 1, 1971) and has not played since 1971 [102].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Holidays


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Wallis and Futuna holidays [103]:


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

DateNameFrench nameJanuary 1New YearJour de l'anThe day after Easter Light MondayLundi de PâquesApril 28St.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Pierre Chanel Saint Pierre-Chanel May 1Labor DayFête du travail8 MayVictory 1945Victoire 194540th day after PasserAscensionAscension50th day after Easter TrinityLundi de Pentecôte29 JuneDay of Saints Pierre and PolesSaint Pierre et Saint PaulJuly 14National holiday (Bastille Day) Fête nationaleJuly 29Fête du TerritoryFête du TerritoireAugust 15Assumption of the Virgin AssomptionNovemberDay of All SaintsToussaint11 NovemberTruce 1918 Armistice 191825 DecemberChristmasnoël


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Religion occupies a significant place in the lives of local residents and almost every district or village celebrates its Patron Saint Day.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

All holidays, both religious and secular, always begin with a festive mass, followed by a cava ceremony.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

They end with traditional dances.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

If it is the day of the Patron Saint, then the procedure for distributing gifts prepared by residents in honor of their Patron Saint is mandatory.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Gifts consist of umu (pigs and yams), offerings of men, and mye'aga (pandanus mat — gatu) — offerings from women [103].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Ouvea Island, for example, celebrates the following days:


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

May 1 is St. Joseph's Day (Patron Saint of Moi County, which has 10 villages in the south of the island).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Celebrated in 6 villages (located on the coast)


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

June 8 — Heart of Jesus (is the other patron saint of Mua County)


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

It is celebrated by 4 other villages closer to the center of the island.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

June 29 is the Day of Saints Pierre and Paul (patrons of Hihifo County in the north of the island).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

It is celebrated in 5 villages.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

August 15 — Dormition of the Virgin.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

She is the patroness of the central district of Hahaque, which has 6 villages [103].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

sights


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Wallis Islands.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Beautiful views of the islands can be enjoyed from the top of Mount Lulu-Fakahega, where a tiny destroyed chapel stands.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Lalolalo Lake is located on the southwestern edge of Ouvea Island.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Located in the crater of an ancient volcano, it has shores that rise 30 m above the mirror of the lake and make it inaccessible.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

You can swim in Lunatavake Crater Lake [104].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In the southeast of Ouvea Island, between Mala'efo'ou and Halalo, the ruins of a 15th-century Tongan settlement, Talietumu (or Kolo Nui [105]), have recently been found and restored.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The inhabitants of Ouvea do not prefer the beaches of their own island, but the surrounding small islands.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The beaches of Faioa Island are especially famous for their white sand [104].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Futuna.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The most famous view of Futuna is Pierre Chanel's Church in Poi on the east coast of the island.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

This is a specific church with a stepped tower.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

It was built to honor the first and only Catholic saint of Polynesia (canonized in 1954).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Chanel's relics were returned here from France in 1976 and are now kept in an octagonal chapel next to the main church.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

His bones are placed in a glass showcase near the entrance, and in a silver box next to it there is a skull of the saint.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The stones on the church floor mark the exact place where he was killed.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In the small room of the museum behind the showcase, there are things that belonged to the Holy Father [106].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Ono and Nuku villages also have old Catholic churches.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Alofi.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Although only one person lives on Alofi now, people come here quite often.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Futuna Islanders come here to take care of their gardens.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In the former village of Alofitai, there are a number of thatched huts with supplied electricity where they can spend the night.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The attractions of the island are its beautiful beaches and the Loka Cave with the Grotto of St. Bernadette, located in the very east of the island [107].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Social sphere


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

All islanders are guaranteed a minimum pension when they reach 55 years of age.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

However, since 2010, this age has been raised to 60 years [108].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Healthcare


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Healthcare is completely free and is a concern of the state.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

According to 2004, [109] Ouvea Island had one hospital and three outpatient clinics, and one hospital and two outpatient clinics on Futuna Island.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The hospital on Uvea has an emergency room, a 21-bed therapeutic department, a 16-bed surgical department with two operating rooms, a maternity ward with two wards and a pharmacy.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Futuna Hospital also has an emergency room, a 15-bed therapeutic department, a 7-bed maternity ward and a pharmacy.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

A total of 79 medical staff work in the Territory, including 46 nurses [109].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

All medical care is free of charge.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

In addition, since 1981, France has been taking care of helping old people.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The guaranteed monthly allowance is 66,725 CFP francs, or 559.16 euros.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Traditional medical care is provided mainly by women who use massages with local oils, medicines, etc.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

It is mainly local traditional healers who give birth [62].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

According to the World Health Organization [110], the following non-communicable diseases are most common on the islands: diabetes, obesity, rheumatism/gout and dental diseases.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Infectious diseases include leptospirosis, brucellosis, Dengue fever, filariasis, tuberculosis, leprosy, hepatitis B, dysentery and salmonellosis.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The following outbreaks of Dengue fever have been reported in Wallis and Futuna [110]:


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

1971—500 cases;


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

1976—500 cases;


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

1979—300 cases;


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

1989/1990 — 2361 cases;


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

1998/1999 — 395 cases;


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

2002/2003 - 2,045 cases (of which 280 were hospitalized and in 2 cases the disease led to death).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

This disease does not provoke such complications as in the countries of southeast Asia.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Education


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

According to the 2003 census, 40 per cent of the total population is enrolled in school.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

All children under 14 go to school.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

90% of all residents have basic schooling.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Public primary education is provided by the Catholic Islands Mission.


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

However, classes in villages are very large and are not regularly attended by children (especially girls who help adults manage the household).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Teaching is conducted only in French, although the first steps are being taken to teach children in their native languages [111].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

The first school on the islands was opened in 1847 in Lano (it was a junior seminary) [112].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Secondary education, also fully public, can be provided in Welsh or Futunan (1 hour per week) [111].


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

On the territory there are a lyceum, several colleges that provide general technological and vocational education corresponding to the CETAD (Center for Technical Education and Development).


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Notes


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

References


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

(in English)


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

(in English) (in French)


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

(in French)


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

(in French)


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

(in French)


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

(in English)


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna


Question: When was Wallis Island discovered?

Wallis e Futuna

Category:Pacific Islands


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Irwin Effay “Magic” Johnson (English: Earvin Effay “Magic” Johnson, Jr.; August 14, 1959) is an American professional basketball player.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Throughout his career, he played for the Los Angeles Lakers (1979—91, 1996) as a point guard.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Five-time NBA champion (1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988), three-time MVP of the season (1987, 1989, 1990), 12-time All-Star Game participant, 10 all-star teams at the end of the season (1983—1991 — first line-up, 1982 — second line-up).


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

He was named the NBA All-Star Game MVP twice in 1990 and 1992.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Olympic champion in 1992.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 1996, Johnson was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History, and in 2002 he was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 2007, he was named ESPN's best point guard in NBA history [2].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

His friendship and rivalry with Boston Celtics leader Larry Bird went down in history as one of the brightest confrontations of the NBA's entire existence.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

After retiring, Johnson acted as a fighter against AIDS and HIV [1], was engaged in entrepreneurship [3], charity [4], and worked as an announcer and motivator [5].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Amateur career


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Early years


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Irwin Johnson Jr. was born to Irwin and Christine Johnson, a General Motors worker and a school caretaker, respectively [6].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson spent his childhood in Lansing, where he fell in love with basketball with all his heart.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

He spent all days on the court [1], imitating his favorite players, Earl Monroe and Marques Haynes [7].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The nickname “Magic” was first mentioned after a match for Everett Local School, in which Johnson managed to make a triple-double: he scored 36 points, 18 rebounds and 16 assists [1].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

After this game, Fred Stebly, a sports reporter for a local magazine, came up with a nickname for him [8].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

At the same time, Irwin's mother, a staunch Christian, considered this nickname inappropriate and blasphemous [1].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson himself said this many years later: “Magic is me on the basketball court. And Irwin is who I really am” [9].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In his last grade of school, Johnson averaged 28.8 points and 16.8 rebounds per game [1], while his team won 27 games of the season from 28 games.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

As a result, in a tense final match, Irwin helped his team snatch the victory and become state champions [10].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Michigan State University


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Although Johnson was offered admission to various prestigious educational institutions, such as Indiana University and the University of California, the young man decided to play and study closer to home [11].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson eventually chose Michigan State University out of two options, especially after the head coach of the local student team Jude Hescot told him that he could play in positions point guard.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In addition, the young athlete also liked the program developed by the coaching staff [12].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson took his studies very seriously: he attended lectures on television communications and wanted to become a TV commentator [13].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

But in the end, the sports component prevailed.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

At that time, the Spartans were a talented team, featuring, in addition to Johnson, future NBA players Greg Kelser, Jay Vincent and Mike Brkovic.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In his debut season with the Spartans, Johnson averaged 17.0 points, 7.9 rebounds and 7.4 assists per game.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The team finished that season with a win-loss score of 25:5, finished first in the Big Ten conference and qualified for the NCAA Championship [1].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

At the NCAA tournament, the Spartans reached the top eight teams, but then lost to the future champion from the University of Kentucky [14].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the following 1978—79 season, Johnson's team again qualified for the NCAA Championship.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

As a result, the Spartans reached the final, where they were opposed by the Indiana State University team led by Larry Bird.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

This game attracted the largest audience in the history of college basketball [15].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Michigan defeated Indiana 75—64, and Johnson was named the most outstanding player in the NCAA basketball tournament [10].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

During his university years, he averaged 17.1 points, 7.6 rebounds and 7.9 assists per game.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

As a result, after two years in college, Johnson decided to run for the 1979 NBA Draft [16].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Professional career


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

NBA debut season (1979—80)


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the 1979 draft, Johnson was selected first by the Los Angeles Lakers.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The player expressed his admiration for the chance to play in the same team with legendary center Karim Abdul-Jabbar [17], who later became the highest-scoring player in history NBA [18].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Despite the dominance of the center in the league, he did not manage to win the championship with the Lakers.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

But now a lot has changed with Johnson's arrival [19].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In his first season, the rookie averaged 18.0 points, 7.7 rebounds and 7.3 assists per game, and was selected to the NBA Rookie Team, as well as to the starting five of the Western Conference All-Star Game [16].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The Lakers finished the season at 60-22 and eventually reached the 1980 NBA Finals [20], in which they faced Philadelphia, led by Julius Irving.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The Lakers took the lead in the 3-2 series, but in Game 5 Abdul-Jabbar, who averaged 33 points per game in that series [21], was injured and could not play in the sixth game [19].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Los Angeles coach Paul Westhead decided to replace center Johnson, and he played a great game.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

His 42 points, 15 rebounds, 7 assists and 3 steals helped the team win 123—107, while Johnson played as center, forward and defender during the game [19].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson became the first and only rookie in NBA history to win an NBA Finals MVP award [19], and his great performance in that meeting is still considered one of the brightest performances in history associations [2] [22] [23].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

He was also one of four players in history to win the NCAA Championship last year and the NBA Championship thereafter [24].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Ups and downs (1980—1983)


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

At the beginning of the 1980—81 season, Johnson suffered an injury — a rupture of the cartilage of his left knee — as a result of which he had to miss 45 games [16].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The athlete returned shortly before the start of the playoffs.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Later, then assistant and future head coach of the Lakers, Pat Riley, said that Johnson's return too soon made the team vulnerable [25].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the first round of the playoffs, the Lakers faced the Houston Rockets, who finished the season with a negative win-loss balance of 40-42 [26].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

However, Johnson's team lost 2-1 in this series, and the player did not score the decisive shot at the end of the third meeting [27].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the summer of 1981, Johnson signed a 25-year $25 million contract with the Lakers.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

This deal was a record in the history of professional sports at that time [28].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Before the start of the 1981—82 season, Johnson and Westhead had a fierce dispute, in which Magic called his team's performance “too slow and easy to read” [29].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

After that, the player requested an exchange to another team.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In response, Lakers owner Jerry Bass fired Westhead and appointed Riley to replace him.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Although Johnson denied any involvement in Westhead's resignation [30], he was criticized by the league and booed even by his own fans [1].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Despite problems off the court, Magic averaged 18.6 points, 9.6 rebounds and 9.5 assists per game.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

He also led the NBA in steals (2.7 average per game) [16].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

At the end of the season, he was selected to the second team of the All-Star team


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

He became the third player in NBA history after Wilt Chamberlain and Oscar Robertson to score at least 700 points, 700 rebounds and 700 assists in a single season [10].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the 1982 NBA playoffs, the Lakers reached the finals, where they faced Philadelphia for the second time in three years.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The Lakes won the series 4—2, and Johnson made a triple-double in their sixth game and won the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award for the second time [31].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

During this final series, Magic averaged 16.2 points, 10.8 rebounds, 8.0 assists and 2.5 steals per game [32].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson later noted that his third season with the team was the starting point for the Lakers as a dynasty [33], and that it was that season that he fully trusted the coaching genius Riley [34].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

At the end of the 1982—83 season, in which Johnson averaged 16.8 points, 10.5 assists and 8.6 rebounds per game, he made it to the first team of the NBA All-Star Team for the first time [16].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the playoffs, the Lakers again reached the final, where they again faced the 76s, who, along with Irving, shone center Moses Malone [35].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Due to the large number of injuries (Norm Nixon, James Worthy and Bob McAdoo were in the infirmary), Johnson's team lost in the final series, and Malone won the NBA Finals MVP award [35].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In that lost streak, Magic averaged 19.0 points, 12.5 assists and 7.8 rebounds per game with 40.3% of field hits [36].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The confrontation with the Boston Celtics (1983-1987)


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In his fifth season in the NBA, Johnson averaged 17.6 points, 13.1 assists and 7.3 rebounds per game.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The Lakers reached the final for the third time in a row, where Magic faced Larry Bird's Boston Celtics for the first time in the playoffs [37].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Los Angeles won the first meeting and led by 2 points 18 seconds before the final buzzer in the second, but Gerald Henderson equalized a few seconds before the end of the match.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

As a result, the Lakers lost 124—121 in overtime [37].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the third game, Johnson made 21 assists and helped his team win 137-104.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

But in the fourth game, a few blunders of the Lakers leader led his team to defeat.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Thus, in the last minutes of the match, Celtics center Robert Parish took the ball from Johnson.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In addition, Magic missed 2 free throws at the very end, which could bring his team victory.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the decisive seventh game, a minute before the end of the game, the Lakers lost three points.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

And at that moment, Magic made a loss, which was taken advantage of by defender Dennis Johnson, who played against him, who picked up the ball [37].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

As a result, Boston won the 4-3 series and won the championship.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Magic Johnson's friends, Isaiah Thomas and Mark Aguirre, comforted the player in every possible way by talking to him until morning in his Boston hotel room among jubilant Celtics fans [38].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the final series, Johnson averaged 18.0 points, 13.6 assists, and 7.7 rebounds per game [39].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson later said that “it was the championship we were supposed to win, but could not” [40].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the 1984—85 season, Johnson averaged 18.3 points, 12.6 assists and 6.2 rebounds per game and led the Lakers to the finals, where they again faced the Celtics.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the first game of the final, Boston defeated their opponent and set an NBA Finals record with 148 points and a 34 point lead [41].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Abdul-Jabbar, who was already 38 years old at that time, showed himself in all its glory in this final series.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

For example, in the second game, he scored 30 points and made 17 rebounds, and 36 points in his fifth meeting helped the Lakers win and lead the Series 3—2 [41].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

As a result, Los Angeles won six games, and Abdul-Jabbar, along with Johnson, who averaged 18.3 points, 14.0 assists and 6.8 rebounds per game in the playoffs [42] [43], said that this final the series was the most striking performance in their careers [44].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson spent the following season at a high level, averaging 18.8 points, 12.6 assists and 5.9 rebounds per game [16].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The Lakers once again reached the Western Conference final, but lost five games to the Houston Rockets [45].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the 1986—87 season, Magic set a personal scoring best (23.9 points per game), averaging 12.2 assists and 6.3 rebounds per game.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

At the end of the season, the player was awarded the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for the first time [1] [46].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the playoffs, the Lakers reached the final, where they again faced Boston.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson, in particular, almost single-handedly pulled the fourth game of the series, throwing the decisive “hook” through the “big” rivals - Parish and McHale.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The Lakers won that 4-2 series, and Magic was awarded the NBA Finals MVP for the third time.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In that series, Johnson averaged 26.2 points, 13.0 assists, 8.0 rebounds and 2.33 steals per game.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Title Defense and a Slight Decline (1987—1991)


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Before the start of the 1987—88 season, Lakers coach Pat Riley publicly announced that the team must defend the title they had won the season earlier.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

This has not happened since the Celtics in the late 1960s. [48]


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson spent another productive season averaging 19.6 points, 11.9 assists and 6.2 rebounds per game [16].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the 1988 NBA playoffs, the Lakers made it to the NBA Finals in the hardest games, defeating the Utah Jazz and the Dallas Mavericks 4-3 with the same score.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the final, the Lakers faced the Detroit Pistons, [49], nicknamed the bad guys for their tough and powerful style of play [50].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson and Isaiah Thomas greeted each other with a kiss on the cheek.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

They later called it a manifestation of brotherly love [38] [51].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

After a draw in the first six games of the series, James Worthy shone in the seventh decisive game, making his first triple-double in his career with 36 points, 16 rebounds and 10 assists [52].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The Lakers eventually won 108-105 and defended their championship title, and Worthy received the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson, although he did not win the MVP award, had a very strong streak, averaging 21.1 points, 13.0 assists and 5.7 rebounds per game with 55% of field hits [53].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the 1988—89 season, Johnson won his second MVP Award [54], averaging 22.5 points, 12.8 assists and 7.9 rebounds per game.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the 1989 playoffs, the Lakers reached the final, where they again faced the Pistons.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

However, after Johnson was injured in the second game of the series, the Lakers could not oppose Detroit and lost 4-0 [55].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Before the start of the 1989—90 season, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar announced his retirement from his professional career.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

But even without his superstar partner, Johnson had a very strong season.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Magic won his third NBA Most Valuable Player Award [56], averaging 22.3 points, 11.5 assists and 6.6 rebounds per game [16].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

However, the Lakers reached only the semi-finals of the conference, losing to Phoenix.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

This was the earliest departure of the Lakers from the playoffs in nine years [57].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson spent the 1990—91 season at his usual highest level, averaging 19.4 points, 12.5 assists and 7.0 rebounds per game, while his Lakers reached the finals.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the final, they faced the Chicago Bulls and their leader Michael Jordan, regarded by many as the best player of his generation [58] [59].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Although the series was seen as a confrontation between Johnson and Jordan [60], Bulls forward Scotty Pippen played a key role in the finals.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

His effective defensive performance against Johnson, as well as Jordan's skill, led Chicago to a 4-1 victory [1].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In his last final series, Johnson averaged 18.6 points, 12.4 assists and 8.0 rebounds per game [61].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The Olympic Games and Personal Tragedy (1991—1992)


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

A medical examination before the start of the 1991/92 season showed that Johnson was HIV-positive.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

On November 7, 1991, at a special press conference, Magic Johnson announced his retirement from professional sports.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

He also stated that his wife Cookie and their unborn child were not infected with the virus, and that he would devote his future life to “fighting this deadly disease” [62].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson initially said he did not know how he contracted it, but later admitted that he had numerous sexual relations with different partners throughout his career [63].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

At that time, only a small percentage of people infected with HIV received it from heterosexual sex [51] [64] and there was talk that Johnson was gay or bisexual, although the player himself denied it [51].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The report that Johnson was diagnosed with HIV was the most talked about news in the United States [65].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 2004, ESPN ranked the incident at the 7th most memorable moment of the last 25 years.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Many media called Johnson's act nothing more than heroic, and former US President George W. Bush said: “I think Magic is a hero, a hero for everyone who loves sports” [66].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

But despite the announcement of his retirement, Johnson was chosen by fans to the starting five for the NBA All-Star Game held in Orlando at the Orlando Arena.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Some players, such as Byron Scott and A.C. Green, spoke out against his participation in the match [67].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Others, including Utah forward Carl Malone, feared a possible infection if Johnson suddenly received an open wound on the court [68].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

However, Magic came out and played great: his 25 points, 9 assists and 5 rebounds earned him the title of Most Valuable Player, and his team a 153-113 victory [69].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

A week after this match, on February 16, 1992, Johnson's number 32 jersey was forever assigned to Johnson, first under the arches of the Forum and then the Staples Center [70] [71].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the summer of 1992, Johnson was called up to the United States national team to participate in the Olympic Games.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

This team later received the nickname “Dream Team”, as it gathered all the main stars of the NBA under its banner [72].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson rarely played in his team's victorious tournament due to a knee injury, but every time he appeared on the court, he received a loud applause from the fans [13].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Magic averaged 8.0 points, 5.5 assists and 2.3 rebounds per game at that tournament.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the final against Croatia, which ended in a 117-85 victory for the United States, Johnson scored 11 points, 6 assists, 3 rebounds and 1 steal [73].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Life after the Olympics


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Before the start of the 1992—93 season, Johnson announced his intention to resume his playing career and return to the NBA.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

But after several preseason games, he had to abandon the idea: too many current players were against his return to the court [10].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

During his forced downtime, Johnson wrote a book about safe sex, did business, worked as a commentator for NBC, and toured Asia and Australia with a team made up of former NBA and college players [1].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Shortly before the end of the 1993—94 season, Johnson returned to the NBA as coach of the Lakers, replacing Randy Pfand.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

After losing six of his first eleven matches as head coach, Johnson decided to resign.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In June 1994, he acquired 5% of the club's shares [1].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In the 1995—96 season, Magic made another attempt to return to the sport.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Playing as a heavy forward, he averaged 14.6 points, 6.9 assists and 5.7 rebounds per game in the last 32 games of the season [16].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

But after losing in the first round of the playoffs [74], Magic finally said goodbye to his career as a player [10].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Off-site


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Personal life


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 1981, Johnson became a father for the first time.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

His friend Melissa Mitchell gave birth to him a son, who was named Andre.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Although the son lived with his mother, he spent every summer with his father.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In October 2005, he was appointed Chief Marketing Officer at his father's Magic Johnson Enterprises [3].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 1991, Magic married Erlize “Cookie” Kelly.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson's close friends Thomas, Aguirre and Herb Williams were invited to the wedding in Lancing.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The couple has two children: son Irwin III [3] and daughter Eliza [75].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Media figure and business interests


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 1998, Johnson created the night talk show Magic Hour, which was broadcast by Fox.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

But after two months of broadcasting, due to low ratings, the show was removed from the air [76].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In addition, Magic founded Magic Johnson Enterprises, which is currently valued at $700 million [3].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

It includes Magic Johnson Production advertising company, Magic Johnson Theaters cinema chain and Magic Johnson Entertainment [77].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson worked as a TNT commentator for NBA matches for seven years before moving to ESPN as a basketball analyst in 2008.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 1994, Magic became a minority owner of the Lakers, for which he had to pay about $10 million.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

He also received the position of vice president of the team [79].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In October 2010, Johnson sold his stake in the Lakers [80].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 2006, Johnson signed a contract with Sodexo, called Sodexo Magic [81].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Policy


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson supports the Democratic Party.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

For example, in 2006, he publicly supported Phil Angelides as Governor of California [82], and in 2007, Hillary Clinton as President of the United States [83].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 2010, the former athlete actively participated in the promotion of Barbara Boxer in the California Senate election [84].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

The fight against HIV


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In November 1991, Johnson created the Magic Johnson Foundation to combat the virus [85].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Later, the foundation began to engage in various charitable programs [86].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 1992, he joined the National AIDS Commission, but left it eight months later, saying that the commission was not doing everything possible to combat the disease [85].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In 1999, Johnson delivered a speech at a conference on World AIDS Day held under the auspices of the United Nations [86].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

He was later appointed UN Peace Ambassador [87].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

It has always been believed that the problem of HIV infection is inherent only in drug addicts and homosexuals [85].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

But Johnson, by holding special events, sought to show that the risk of possible infection is not limited to these groups of people.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Magic said that his goal is “to explain to all people what HIV is” and learn “not to discriminate against people living with HIV and AIDS” [86].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

To prevent HIV from progressing to a more dangerous stage (AIDS), Johnson took drugs daily [88].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Shortly after it was discovered that he was infected, Johnson began to use special antiviral cocktails, combinations of medications that prevent the progression of HIV infection to terminal stage.


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

In September 2002, doctors found that Johnson did not have any symptoms of AIDS [89].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Magic said about this: “Medicine has done its job. I think I've done what I can too. And the Lord did the rest.”


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

Magic johnson

Johnson advertised GSK drugs [90] and partnered with Abbott Laboratories to help fight AIDS in African-American communities [88].


Question: How many games did Irwin Effey “Magic” Johnson Young play in?

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Personal accomplishments