Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Since the spring of 1940, in the United States (St. New York), the so-called “Security Directorate” of the ICU (British Security Co-ordination/BSC) was formed for the United States and Canada to contact the US special services (at that time the 2nd [17] Directorate of the General Staff Army and RU of the US Navy).


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In cooperation with the ICU Embassy and the Office of Military Attachés in the United States, the US and Canada Security Administration assisted in the formation of the US Office of Strategic Services (USS) [18] [19] [20] [21]


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

World War II


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

At the beginning of World War II, Great Britain concentrated its efforts not only on undercover reconnaissance in the rear of the enemy, but also on sabotage and force actions, radio interception of enemy communication lines and mass decryption of ciphergrams of operational significance.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Government radio interception program


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

To organize a large computer center and a full-scale radio interception program for all strategic communication channels of the Armed Forces of Hitler's Germany since 1941. The School of the Code Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was allocated a territory in the suburbs of London, the locality of


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Bletchley (so-called. Blechley Park Exhibition Center).


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The main task of the government decryption computer was to develop and implement the latest computer methods for decrypting data encrypted by German electronic encryption by means [22].


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

All information received by specialists of the Computing Center of the Decryption Service was transferred by the special department of the SIS to the Joint Government Intelligence Committee for further distribution at the request of the Navy and Ground forces.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Government counterintelligence program “20”


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

With the outbreak of hostilities in Europe and further air war from the continent against the metropolis, the British government adopted the counterintelligence program “20” (“XX”), according to which The tasks of the Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs included identifying and converting the agent network of Hitler's Germany in the UK.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The main purpose of the operation was to use the identified agents to transmit disinformation to the German command about the situation in the metropolis.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The counterintelligence program “20" was coordinated by a specialist of the Military Intelligence Corps of the Ground Forces and Deputy.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Head of the Security Service of the Ministry Masterman.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The key point in organizing a preventive large-scale operation on the territory of the metropolis was the access of counterintelligence agencies of the Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the materials of the Computing Center of the School of Encryption Ministry of Foreign Affairs.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

After the outbreak of hostilities in Europe, the Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in a short period of time arrested more than twenty people from among the identified German agents in the metropolis.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The investigation into the arrested agents was conducted in the 20th prison of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Richmond District [24] in Z. London.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

For the direct organization of intelligence digging with the participation of converted agents in the “B” department (counterintelligence) of the Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, a disinformation department No. 1A was created under the leadership of an experienced operative officer T. Robertson.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Working in Hitler's Germany


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Until the outbreak of World War II, the ICU residency in Berlin exchanged information with the intelligence and counterintelligence of the SS security service on countering the activities of the Comintern in Europe.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

ICU resident in Berlin F. Foley considered his relationship with colleagues from the SS Security Service quite friendly.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Government Special Operations Program in Occupied Europe


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In wartime, on the basis of the 13th Directorate of the GUR of the Ground Forces and the “D” department of the ICU, the so-called was formed. The Special Operations Directorate (USO), which was engaged in intelligence and sabotage activities in the occupied territories in Europe.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The USO was disbanded in 1946 in peacetime, some of the fighters of the subversive groups were transferred to work in the SIS.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Since 1940, he has been an employee of the USO center for the training of subversive groups near the Ave. Kale was K. Philby [26].


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Working in the Western Hemisphere


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The ICU Security Directorate for the United States and Canada has formed, with the participation of the personnel of the USO, several training centers for the special forces of the Ground Forces on the border of the Canadian province.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Ontario and w.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

New York, including the 103rd School of the Ground Forces (the so-called military unit “X” [27]).


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Until the end of World War II, military specialists of the USO trained up to 2,000 special forces soldiers of the Ground Forces on the basis of the 103rd School.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

On the territory of the school, a radio interception center in the Western Hemisphere “Hydra” was deployed [28].


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Working in East Asia


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

For counteraction in S. Africa and the Middle East of Hitler's Germany and Imperial Japan in Southeast Asia, the ICU Communications Office was formed according to B.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

and D. East (Interservice Liaison Department/ISLD) with the main residences in India (St. Delhi) and Egypt (g. Cairo) [29].


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Government aerial survey program


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Since 1940, on the basis of the 4th (topographic) and 15th (aerial reconnaissance) directorates of the GUR of the Land Forces, the Photographic Development Unit/PDU was formed, before military operations in Europe deployed to the Central Interpretation Unit (PIU/CIU) Central Interpretation Directorate.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

After the war, the department was deployed to the Center for Species Intelligence of the Ground Forces and Air Force.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

SIS in the 1940s and 1980s


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

ICU in the post-war period


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Immediately after the liberation of the territory of the USSR and the entry of units of the Red Army to the state border in 1944, the 9th (anti-Comintern) administration, disbanded in 1941, was restored as part of the SIS for countering Soviet intelligence in Europe.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The head of the 9th department was appointed an employee of the special operations department K. Philby [30], later sent by the head to the ICU embassy residences in Turkey (St. Ankara) and the USA (g. Washington).


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In the summer of 1945, an employee of the Consulate General of the USSR proactively contacted the ICU residency in Ankara [31] K. Volkov, who proposed to give ICU employees a list of Soviet agents in the civil service of Great Britain.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Contact with the Soviet diplomat in Turkey was reported by the residency to the head of the 9th Directorate K. Philby, who contacted the London residency of the NKVD and warned Soviet intelligence about betrayal [32].


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

K. Volkov was hastily taken from Ankara to Moscow and convicted.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In 1946, the operational departments were formally consolidated into the so-called. “Production Sections” (“Directorate of Production”), and information - in the “Requirements Sections”, “Directorate of Requirements”) management.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The apparatus and agents of the disbanded USO were transferred to the ICU [33].


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Great damage to the work of the ICU in the war and post-war years was caused by the fact that the head of the special operations and counterintelligence department K. Philby was a Soviet intelligence agent.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

He continued his intelligence activities after being transferred from the London office as a resident to Ankara and then to Washington (USA).


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In the post-war period, Soviet intelligence managed to obtain information with its help about joint special operations of the United States and Great Britain against the USSR from the territory of Turkey and Albania, as well as all the details the CIA's work in Washington.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Philby was fired from the ICU for official mismatch after his classmate and colleague in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs D. McLean and SIS colleague G. Burgess fled Great Britain to the USSR with the assistance of Soviet intelligence [34].


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Modern SIS structure


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Operational departments


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

SIS location


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Historically, British intelligence agencies were located in the government quarter of Westminster (near Buckingham Palace and Parliament, later on ul. Whitehall).


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Whitehall Complex on Sq.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Whitehall


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The main building of the Computing Center of the Decryption Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Bletchley


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The ICU Security Office for the United States and Canada (St. New York City [35])


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

SIS building on the street. Broadway 54


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The building of the illegal intelligence department between the street. The Strand and st. Aldwich


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The main building of SIS at ul. Vauxhall Bridge (Centuri)


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

New ICU building at Vauxhall Bridge


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Westminster (1909—1919)


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Initially, the RU of the Defense Committee was stationed on the street. Queen Victoria, 64.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Officially, it was believed that foreign trade firms were located in the buildings [36], which created certain problems, as intelligence officers had to regularly hold meetings with senior officials ministries: Ground Forces, Navy and Foreign Affairs — which was difficult to hide [37] from civilian institutions present on the street.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

After the merger of the RU of the Defense Committee and the GUR of the Ground Forces, the 5th and 6th Directorates [38] were transferred to the Whitehall complex of buildings of the government quarter opposite the building of the Ministry of the Army and close to the Admiralty and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs complexes.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Kensington (1919—1926)


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

With the end of the First World War in the period 1919-1926, the reconnaissance of the Ground Forces was transferred to Ave. Melburi in nearby Kensington (Holland Park).


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Westminster (1926—1996)


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In 1926, the intelligence and cryptographic service [39] of the Army were transferred back to Westminster at ul. Broadway 54 (next to the Subway General Directorate).


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In 1964, a new high-rise building “Senturi” was built for the SIS on the street. Vauxhall Bridge.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The main building of the SIS (1996- present)


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In 1995, according to the project of an architect for the SIS of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the newest building was built near the building of the 1960s on the embankment near the Vauxhall Bridge.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

The SIS building can be seen in the footage of James Bond films: “Golden Eye”, “And the Whole World Is Not Enough”, “Die, But Not Now”, “Casino Royale”, “007. Coordinates: Skyfall”, as well as in the series “Ghosts” about the work of MI5, the BBC series “Sherlock” and the miniseries “The Night Manager”.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In movie 007: Spectrum ICU building is blown up.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Executive list


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Well-known employees


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Daphne Park


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Bruce Lockhart


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Sydney Raleigh


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Somerset Maugham


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Graham Greene


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Frederick Forsyth


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Claude Dancy


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

— died in the summer of 2010 under unclear circumstances.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

George Blake


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Interesting facts


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Intelligence officers for some time were famous writers Somerset Maugham and Graham Green.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Maugham served in Russia during World War I, and Green worked in British intelligence in Sierra Leone and Portugal from 1941 to 1944, where he was listed as a representative of the Foreign Ministry of Great Britain.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

One of his colleagues in those years was Kim Philby.


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

As Professor Robert Service notes: “Today, the British special services are not allowed to conduct subversive activities against foreign countries and kill foreign political leaders.”


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

In his opinion, “Whitehall wants to pretend that this has always been the case, as if Britain has completely clean hands. But our hands were not always clean—they were as dirty as everyone else's” [46].


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

comments


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Notes


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Literature


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

References


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service


Question: Where is the main ICU building located?

The Secret Intelligence Service

Category:British intelligence agencies


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye is an abolished municipality (rural settlement) in the Shatursky municipal district of the Moscow region.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

It was founded in 2005.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

It includes 35 settlements.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The administrative center is the village of Pyshlitsy [1].


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Geography


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The total area is 312.31 km² [2].


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye is located in the south-east of the Shatursky district in an area called Priozernaya Yalmat (name from the river. Yalma).


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The Pra and Yalma rivers flow through its territory.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

On the eastern outskirts is the northern part of the Klepikovsky Lakes, the so-called Pyshlitskaya group of lakes.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The northern and eastern parts of the settlement are occupied by the Cherustinsky Forest reserve of regional importance.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The boundaries of the municipality are determined by the Law of the Moscow Region “On the Status and Borders of the Shatursky Municipal District and Newly Formed Municipalities within it” [2].


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye borders on:


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Cherusti urban settlement of Shatursky municipal district (in the north),


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Gus-Khrustalny Municipal District of the Vladimir Region (in the north-east),


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Spas-Klepikovsky Municipal District of the Ryazan Region (in the east, south-east and south),


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

the rural settlement of Dmitrovskoye of the Shatursky municipal district (in the west),


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

rural settlement of Krivandinskoye of the Shatursky municipal district (in the north-west).


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

population


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

History


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

In the course of the municipal reform carried out after the adoption of the 2003 Federal Law “On General Principles for the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”, urban and rural settlements have been formed.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye was established in accordance with the Law of the Moscow Region dated January 21, 2005 No. 18/2005-OZ “On the Status and Borders of the Shatursky Municipal District and Newly Formed Within It municipalities” [3].


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The rural settlement includes settlements of the Pyshlitsky rural district.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The old division into rural districts was abolished later, in 2006 [4].


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Roster


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye includes 35 settlements (1 village, 3 settlements and 31 villages) [2]:


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Species [2] Name [2] Population,


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

pers.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

(2010) OKATO [6] Former administrative unit [3] Artyomovo1546 257 840 017Pyshlitsky rural districtVelikodvorye3446 257 840 018Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyavolovo13146 257 840 035Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyavoropino4746 257 840 012Pyshlitsky rural districtVysokovo746 257 840 009Pyshlitsky rural districtVysokoryovo3046 257 840 008Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevyagorelovo2446 257 840 010Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyademino1146 257 840 011Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyadorofeevo3746 257 840 002Pyshlitsky rural districtDubasovo2946 257 840 019Pyshlitsky rural DistrictDerevnyaevlevo646 257 840 013Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyaEfremovo1246 257 840 005Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyazimenki4246 256 257 840 840 030Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyaKazykino246 257 840 006Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyaKorenets646 257 840 034Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyaleka6346 257 840 026Pyshlitsky rural districtMeshchersky rural districtMeshchersky Bor18346 257 840 014Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyanovo-Cherkasovo1546 257 840 029Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyaperkhurovo3646 257 840 033Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyapogostishche1346 257 840 027Pyshlitsky rural DistrictDerevnyaPronino2546 257 840 021Pyshlitsky rural districtSelopyshlitsy165746 257 840 001Pyshlitsky rural district settlement “Lake Beloe” 111546 257 840 016Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyaselyanino1246 257 840 022Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyasemyonovskaya046 257 840 015Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyaStaro-Cherkasovo3546 257 840 028Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyasychi1046 257 840 023Pyshlitsky rural DistrictDerevnyaFilimakino 2946 257 840 003Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyafilisovo1346 257 840 007Pyshlitsky rural districtLokfrol846 257 840 025Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyachisoma1146 257 840 004Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyasheino7746 257 840 032Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyayugino3146 257 840 024Pyshlitsky rural districtDerevnyayushevichi4046 257 840 031Pyshlitsky rural district


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Local governments


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The structure of local governments of the rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye is [7]:


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Council of Deputies of the rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye (representative body);


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

head of the rural settlement Pyshlitskoye;


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

administration of the rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye (executive and administrative body).


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The Council of Deputies of the rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye consists of 10 deputies elected in municipal elections for a period of 5 years [8].


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The head of the rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye is elected by the population of the rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye on the basis of universal equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a period of 5 years


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The procedure for electing the head of the rural settlement of Pyshlitskoye is determined by the law


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

The head of the rural settlement heads the administration of the rural settlement [9].


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Economy and infrastructure


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

A section of the P105 highway (Yegoryevskoye highway) passes through the territory of the settlement.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

There are no large industrial enterprises in the settlement.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

On July 21, 2007 Pyshlitsky agro-industrial complex ceased to exist [10].


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

In recent years, the number of outlets has increased.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

On the territory of the settlement there are: a secondary school, two kindergartens, a House of Culture, three rural clubs, five libraries, two outpatient clinics, and two pharmacies.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

On the shore of White Lake there is a sanatorium and a health camp for children Izumrudny


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

There is a mini-park with a fountain on the central square of the village of Pyshlitsy.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

sights


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Architectural monuments:


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Alexander Mariinsky Convent (1899—1918)


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Archaeological monuments:


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Ivanovskaya Gorka Site (Velikodvorye-2 Settlement)


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Velikodvorye 6 Site (Mesolithic)


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

“Korenets 1” parking lot


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

“Korenets 2” parking lot


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Korenets Parking Lot


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Korenetskoye Selishche


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Pogostishche settlement


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Notable natives and residents


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Savushkin A. P. (d. Dyomino) — Hero of the Soviet Union [11]


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Nikishin M. D. (d. Voropino) — Hero of the Soviet Union [12]


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Kochetkov N. P. (d. Fileleevo) — Hero of the Soviet Union [13]


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Melchizedek (Lebedev) (d. Novo-Cherkasovo) is a retired bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church.


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Notes


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Literature


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

References


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

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Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Category:Pyshlitskoye rural settlement


Question: What is the total area of Pyshlitsy village?

Pyshlitskoye

Category:Abolished municipalities of Shatursky District


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

mini|mercury medical thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

mini|electronic medical thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

A thermometer (Greek: “heat” +"measure”) is a device for measuring the temperature of air, soil, water and so on.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

There are several types of thermometers:


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

liquid;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

mechanical;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

electronic;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

optical;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

gas;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

infrared.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Invention history


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Galileo is considered to be the inventor of the thermometer: his own works do not describe this device, but his students, Nelly and Viviani, testified that already in 1597 he did something like thermobaroscope (thermoscope).


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Galileo studied at this time the works of Heron of Alexandria, who has already described such a device, but not for measuring degrees of heat, but for raising water by heating.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The thermoscope was a small glass ball with a glass tube soldered to it.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The ball was slightly heated and the end of the tube was lowered into a vessel with water.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

After a while, the air in the ball cooled, its pressure decreased and the water under the influence of atmospheric pressure rose up to a certain height in the tube.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Later, during warming, the air pressure in the ball increased and the water level in the tube decreased when cooling, while the water in it rose.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

With the help of a thermoscope, it was possible to judge only the change in the degree of heating of the body: it did not show numerical values of temperature, since it did not have a scale.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

In addition, the water level in the tube depended not only on temperature, but also on atmospheric pressure.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

In 1657, Galileo's thermoscope was improved by Florentine scientists.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

They equipped the device with a bead scale and pumped air out of the tank (ball) and tube.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

This made it possible not only to compare the temperatures of bodies qualitatively, but also quantitatively. Subsequently, the thermoscope was changed: it was turned upside down with a ball, and brandy was poured into the tube instead of water and the vessel was removed.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The action of this device was based on the expansion of bodies, the temperatures of the hottest summer and the coldest winter day were taken as “constant” points.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The invention of the thermometer is also attributed to Lord Bacon, Robert Flodd, Santorius, Scarpi, Cornelius Drebbel, Porte and Salomon de Coss, who later wrote and partly had a personal relationship with Galileo.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

All these thermometers were air thermometers and consisted of a vessel with a tube containing air separated from the atmosphere by a column of water, they changed their readings both from changes in temperature and from changes in temperature atmospheric pressure.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Thermometers with liquid were described for the first time in 1667. “Saggi di naturale esperienze fatte nell'Accademia del Cimento”, which refers to them as items long made by skillful artisans called “Confia”, who heat the glass on the inflated fire of the lamp and making amazing and very delicate products out of it.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

At first, these thermometers were filled with water, but they burst when it froze; wine alcohol began to be consumed for this purpose in 1654, according to the Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand II.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Florentine thermometers are not only depicted in the Saggi, but have been preserved in several copies to this day in the Galilean Museum in Florence; their preparation is described in detail.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

First, the master had to make divisions on the tube, considering its relative dimensions and the size of the ball: the divisions were applied with molten enamel to the tube heated on the lamp, every tenth was indicated by a white dot and others by a black dot.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Usually, 50 divisions were made in such a way that when the snow melts, the alcohol did not fall below 10, and in the sun did not rise above 40.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Good craftsmen made such thermometers so successfully that they all showed the same temperature value under the same conditions, but this could not be achieved if the tube was divided into 100 or 300 pieces to get more accuracy.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Thermometers were filled by heating the ball and lowering the end of the tube into alcohol, finishing the filling with a glass funnel with a thinly elongated end that freely entered a fairly wide the pipe.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

After adjusting the amount of liquid, the opening of the tube was sealed with sealing wax, called “hermetic”.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

It is clear from this that these thermometers were large and could serve to determine the air temperature, but they were still inconvenient for other, more diverse experiments, and the degrees of different thermometers were not are comparable to each other.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

In 1703 Amonton (Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.) in Paris improved the air thermometer, measuring not expansion, but an increase in the elasticity of air resulting in the same volume at different temperatures adding mercury to the open knee; barometric pressure and its changes were taken into account.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The zero of such a scale was supposed to be “that significant degree of cold” at which the air loses all its elasticity (that is, modern absolute zero), and the second constant point was the boiling point water.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The effect of atmospheric pressure on the boiling point was not yet known to Amonton, and the air in his thermometer was not freed from water gases; therefore, from his data, absolute zero is obtained at −239.5 ° Celsius.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Another Amonton air thermometer, very imperfect, was independent of changes in atmospheric pressure: it represented a siphon barometer, the open knee of which extended upwards, filled with a strong potash solution from below, oil on top and ended in a sealed tank with air.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Fahrenheit gave the thermometer a modern shape and described its cooking method in 1723. Initially, he also filled his pipes with alcohol and only finally switched to mercury.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

He set zero of his scale at the temperature of a mixture of snow with ammonia or table salt, at the temperature of the “beginning of freezing of water” it showed 32°, and the body temperature of a healthy person in the mouth or under the mouse was equivalent to 96°.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Subsequently, he found that the water boils at 212° and this temperature was always the same in the same state of the barometer.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The surviving copies of Fahrenheit thermometers are distinguished by their careful execution.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Swedish astronomer, geologist and meteorologist Anders Celsius finally established both permanent points of melting ice and boiling water in 1742. But initially it set 0° at the boiling point, and 100° at the freezing point.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

In his work, Celsius “Observations of two persistent degrees on a thermometer” spoke about his experiments showing that the melting point of ice (100°) does not depend on pressure.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

He also determined with amazing accuracy how the boiling point of water varied depending on atmospheric pressure.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

He suggested that the 0 mark (the boiling point of water) can be calibrated knowing at what level relative to the sea the thermometer is located.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Later, after the death of Celsius, his contemporaries and compatriots botanist Karl Linnaeus and astronomer Morten Stremer used this scale upside down (0° began to take the melting point ice, and for 100° - boiling water).


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

In this form, the scale turned out to be very convenient, has become widespread and is used to this day.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

According to some sources, Celsius himself turned his scale upside down on Stremer's advice.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

According to other sources, Karl Linnaeus turned the scale upside down in 1745.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

And on the third, the scale was turned upside down by Celsius's successor M. Stremer and in the XVIII century such a thermometer was widely used under the name “Swedish thermometer”, and in Sweden itself under the name of Stremer, but the most famous Swedish chemist Johann Jakob in his work “Manual of Chemistry” mistakenly called the M. Stremer's Celsius scale and since then the centigrade scale has been named Anders Celsius.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Although Réaumur's works in 1736 led to the establishment of an 80° scale, they were more of a step backwards against what Fahrenheit had already done: the Reaumur thermometer was huge, inconvenient to use, and its method separation by degrees was inaccurate and inconvenient.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

After Fahrenheit and Réaumur, the manufacture of thermometers fell into the hands of artisans, as thermometers became the subject of trade.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

In 1848, the English physicist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) proved the possibility of creating an absolute temperature scale, the zero of which does not depend on the properties of the water or the substance that fills the thermometer.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The starting point in the “Kelvin scale” was the value of absolute zero: −273.15° C. At this temperature, the thermal movement of molecules stops.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Consequently, further cooling of the bodies becomes impossible.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Liquid thermometers


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Liquid thermometers are based on the principle of changing the volume of liquid that is poured into the thermometer (usually alcohol or mercury) when the ambient temperature changes.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Due to the fact that mercury will be banned worldwide from 2020 [1] [2] due to its health hazards [3], alternative fillings for household thermometers are being sought in many areas of activity .


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

For example, galinstan (an alloy of metals: gallium, indium, tin and zinc) became such a replacement.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Other types of thermometers are also increasingly being used.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

For the removal of spilled mercury from a broken thermometer, see the article Demercurization


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Mechanical thermometers


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

mini|left|250pcs|window mechanical thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Thermometers of this type act on the same principle as liquid thermometers, but a metal spiral or a bimetal tape is usually used as a sensor.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Electronic thermometers


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The principle of operation of electronic thermometers is based on changes in the resistance of the conductor when the ambient temperature changes.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Electronic thermometers of a wider range are based on thermocouples (contact between metals with different electronegativity creates a contact potential difference depending on temperature).


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The most accurate and stable over time are resistance thermometers based on platinum wire or platinum spraying on ceramics.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The most widely used were PT100 (resistance at 0° C - 100Ω) PT1000 (resistance at 0° C - 1000Ω) (IEC751).


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The dependence on temperature is almost linear and obeys the quadratic law at a positive temperature and the equation of the 4th degree for negative ones (the corresponding constants are very small, and in the first approximation, this dependence can be considered linear).


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Thermometer

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Thermometer


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Thermometer

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Thermometer


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Thermometer


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Thermometer


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Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer

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Thermometer

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Thermometer


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Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer


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Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer


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Thermometer


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Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer


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Thermometer

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Thermometer


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Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer


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Thermometer


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Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer

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Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

{\ displaystyle R_ {T} =R_ {0}\ left [1+AT+BT^ {2}\ right]\; (0\; {} ^ {\ circ}\ mathrm {C}\ leq T<850\; {} ^ {\ circ}\ mathrm {C}).


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

resistance at T °C,


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

resistance at 0°C, and constants (for platinum resistance) —


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


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Thermometer


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Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

{\ displaystyle C=-4.183\ times 10^ {-12}\; {} ^ {\ circ}\ mathrm {C} ^ {-4}.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

see Peltier effect


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Optical thermometers


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Optical thermometers allow you to record the temperature due to changes in the luminosity level, spectrum and other parameters (see Fig. Fiber-optic temperature measurement) when the temperature changes.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

For example, infrared body temperature meters.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Infrared thermometers


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

An infrared thermometer allows you to measure temperature without direct contact with a person.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

In 2014, Russia signed the Minamata Convention on Mercury by 2030, Russia will abandon the production of mercury thermometers.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

[4] In some countries, there has long been a tendency to abandon mercury thermometers in favor of infrared thermometers not only in medical institutions, but also at the household level.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Technical thermometers


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Technical thermometers are used at enterprises in agriculture, petrochemical, chemical, mining and metallurgical industries, in mechanical engineering, housing and communal services, transport, construction, medicine, in short, in all spheres of life.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

There are such types of technical thermometers:


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

technical liquid thermometers


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

bimetallic thermometers TB, TBT, TBI;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

agricultural thermometers TC-7A-M


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

maximum thermometers SP-83;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

low-degree thermometers for special cameras SP-100;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

special vibration-resistant thermometers SP-1;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

mercury electrocontact thermometers TPK;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

laboratory thermometers TL;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

thermometers for oil products TN;


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

thermometers for testing TIN petroleum products.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Maximum and minimum thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

According to the type of fixing the temperature limit value, thermometers are divided into maximum, minimum and non-fixing thermometers.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

A gas thermometer is a temperature measuring device based on Charles's law.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

At the beginning of the 18th century, 1703, Charles found that the same heating of any gas leads to the same increase in pressure, if the volume remains constant.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

When the temperature changes on the Celsius scale, the dependence of the gas pressure at a constant volume is expressed by a linear law.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

And it follows that the gas pressure (at V = const) can be taken as a quantitative measure of temperature.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

By connecting the vessel in which the gas is located with a manometer and calibrated the device, it is possible to measure the temperature according to the readings of the manometer.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Within a wide range of changes in gas concentrations and temperatures and low pressures, the temperature coefficient of pressure of different gases is approximately the same, so the method of measuring temperature using gas the thermometer turns out to be little dependent on the properties of a particular substance used in the thermometer as a working medium.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

The most accurate results are obtained if hydrogen or helium is used as a working medium.


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

See also


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Notes


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

Literature


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

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Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

References


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

/membrana, July 11, 2007


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

/World of Measurement, 01.09.2010


Question: Who invented the thermometer?

Thermometer

(Home Counselor)


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art (English: National Gallery of Art) is an art museum in Washington, D.C., in the National Mall.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The gallery has one of the best art collections in the world.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The exhibition features works of art by European and American masters: paintings, sculptures, drawings, photographs, graphics, objects of decorative and applied art.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

It is one of the ten most visited art museums in the world [1].


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The collection includes about 1,200 paintings (paintings by Italian, French and American masters are especially widely represented), one of the best collections of Italian Renaissance paintings in the world [2], Dutch and Spanish Baroque works.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The US government donated 20,000 drawings and watercolors depicting the history of American crafts and folk art to the gallery [3].


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The gallery was founded in 1937 by the US Congress on the basis of large private collections by Andrew William Mellon (also allocated $10 million for the construction of the building), Lessing J.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Rosenwald, Samuel Henry Kress and more than 2,000 sculptures, paintings, decorative art and porcelain items from the Joseph Widener collection and other collectors.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The gallery building was built in 1941 by architect J.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

R. Pope [4] in neoclassical style [5].


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

History


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Since the 1920s, financier and collector Andrew Mallon began collecting paintings and sculptures by early masters with the intention of creating a national art gallery in the country.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The core of the collection was made up of Hermitage masterpieces sold by the Soviet authorities.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

After his death, Congress on March 24, 1937, in a joint decree of both houses, accepted the collection and funds and approved the creation of the gallery [6].


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Designed by architect John Russell Pope, the gallery building was completed in 1941 and opened by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 17, 1941.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

At that time, it was the largest marble structure in the world.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The museum is located on the site of the former 6th Street railway station, famous for the fatally wounded American President James Garfield there in 1881.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

According to Mellon, the creation of the National Gallery contributed to the transfer to its collections of significant collections of art treasures from other private collectors.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Donors include Paul Mellon, Samuel Kress, Rush H. Kress, Ailsa Mellon-Bruce, Chester Dale, Joseph Widener, Lessing J.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Rosenwald, Edgar William (English: Edgar William) and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch (English: Bernice Chrysler Garbisch).


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The east gallery building was built in the 1970s on most of the remaining land reserved by a congressional resolution, at the expense of Mellon's children Paul Mellon and Ailsa Mellon-Bruce.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The building was completed in 1978 (architect Io Min Pei) and opened on June 1 of the same year by President Jimmy Carter.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The new premises housed collections of modern paintings, drawings, sculptures and prints, as well as educational and research centers and rooms.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The design of the building received an honorary award from the American Institute of Architects (English: American Institute of Architects) in 1981.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The latest addition to the complex, the Sculpture Garden (English: Sculpture Garden), was opened to the public on May 23, 1999.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

It houses an open exhibition of contemporary sculpture.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Buildings


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The gallery owns two buildings, the east building (English: East Building) and the west building (English: West Building), connected by a spacious underground passage.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The West Building (architect D. R. Pope) is built in neoclassical style with a giant portico with columns and a massive dome, reminiscent of the Pantheon (as well as Pope's other building, the Jefferson Memorial in Washington), except symmetrical the wings of the building.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

East Building (architect I. M. Pei) is strictly geometric in comparison with the classicism of the western building.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

From above, it looks like prisms connected to each other.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Collection


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The western building houses a rich collection of paintings and sculptures by European artists from the Middle Ages to the end of the 19th century, as well as works by American painters until the 20th century.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Masterpieces of the collection include works by J.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Vermeer, Rembrandt, C. Monet, V. Van Gogh, Leonardo da Vinci.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The eastern building contains works of contemporary art (from the end of the 19th century), including works by P. Picasso, A. Matisse, D. Pollock, Andy Warhol, R. Lichtenstein, A. Calder.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

In addition to the collection, the building houses the gallery's main offices, research laboratories and a center for special art studies (English: Center for the Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, CASVA).


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

To the west of the western building, at the intersection of 7th Street, is the sculpture garden.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

In the center of the 25,000 m² garden, there is a large fountain (used as an ice rink in winter), surrounded by stone seats around the perimeter.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

There are sculptures of such masters as Kh.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Miro L. Bourgeois, E.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Guimar.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

In 2014, the National Gallery received 17,000 works from the bankrupt Corcoran Gallery.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Among them are works by Delacroix, Degas, Gainsborough, Monet, Picasso and all the prominent American artists.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Gallery management


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The US government funds the management and operation of the gallery through an annual allocation.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

All works of art, as well as special programs of the gallery, are funded by private donations and foundations.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

The gallery is not formally part of the Smithsonian Institution, but is one of more than 90 cultural institutions controlled by the institute (the so-called affiliate museums).


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Admission to the gallery is free.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Literature


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Robert C. Williams.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Russian Art and American Money, 1900—1940.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Mosyakin said.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

A.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

G. “Selling”.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Ogonyok Magazine, 1989, No. 6-8, 19.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Mosyakin said.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

A.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

G. “Antique Export Fund”.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Nashe nasledie magazine (Moscow), 1991, No. 2,3.


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Sources


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

This article is based on English Wikipedia


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Notes


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

References


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

(in English)


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Category:Washington Attractions


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Category:Washington museums


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Category:Art galleries in the United States


Question: Where is the Ginevra Benci Portrait for April 2019 kept?

National Gallery of Art

Category:National Museums of the USA


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

List of Stanley Cup winning teams.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

The cup is awarded annually to the winner of the playoff series of the National Hockey League.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

In history, the Stanley Cup has not been awarded only twice.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

In 1919, due to the strongest epidemic of the Spanish flu, and in 2005 due to a lockout.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Since 1939, the winner of the cup has been determined in a seven-match best-of-four series.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Since 1965, the MVP (Most Valuable Player) of the playoffs has won the Conn Smythe Trophy.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Challenge Cup (1893—1914)


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

In 1904, Ottawa HC did not belong to any league.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Montreal Wanderers have been suspended.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

After regular time of the first game of the series ended in a 5-5 draw, Wanderers refused to play overtime due to refereeing.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Then they gave up the next match in Ottawa.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

NHA/NHL champions vs PCHA/WCHL/WHL champions (1915—1926)


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Stanley Cup winners (since 1927)


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

The most successful teams in the NHL


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Current teams


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

The most successful team in history is the Montreal Canadiens, who have won 24 Stanley Cups and 34 appearances in the final.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

The most successful American team is the Detroit Red Wings, which won 11 Stanley Cups in 24 finals.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Including 2 Stanley Cups won by Toronto Arenas and Toronto St Patricks


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

The following 4 teams have never played in the final: Columbus Blue Jackets (16 seasons), Minnesota Wild (16 seasons), Winnipeg Jets/Atlanta Thrashers (17 seasons), Arizona Coyotes/Winnipeg Jets (37 seasons).


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Disappeared teams


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Here are the teams that won the Stanley Cup or took part in the final, but for one reason or another ceased to exist


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

The modern Ottawa Senators team bears only the name of the old club, but has nothing to do with it.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

The series was discontinued ahead of schedule due to the flu epidemic, so the Stanley Cup was not awarded.


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

See also


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Stanley Cup


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Russian Stanley Cup winners


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

List of Stanley Cup winners


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Category:NHL lists


Question: How many times did the Montreal Canadiens win a conference?

List of Stanley Cup winning teams

Category:Stanley Cup


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

Kurskaya Oblast is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and is part of the Central Federal District.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

The administrative center is Kursk.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

Kursk Oblast borders Bryansk in the north-west, Oryol in the north, Lipetsk in the northeast, Voronezh in the east, Belgorod regions in the south; south-western and western Sumy region of Ukraine adjoins it.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

It was founded on June 13, 1934.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

Physical and geographical characteristics


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

Geographical location


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

Kursk Oblast is located between 50°54' and 52°26' north latitude and 34°05' 38°31' east longitude.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

The northernmost point of the region is located in Zheleznogorsky, the southern point in Belovsky, the western point in Rylsky, and the eastern in Kastorensky districts.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

The area of the region is 29.8 thousand km².


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

It stretches 171 km from north to south and 305 km from west to east.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

Relief


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

The territory of the Kursk region is located on the south-western slopes of the Srednerusskaya Upland.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

It is characterized by the presence of ancient and modern forms of linear erosion - a dense network of complexly branched river valleys, ravines and beams that dismembered watershed surfaces, which determines the sloping, slightly hilly flat relief.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kursk Oblast

The relief has a complex character of vertical and horizontal dismemberment, characterized by the presence of various high-rise tiers.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The density of the valley-beam network in most of the territory ranges from 0.7 to 1.3 km/km2, and the gully network - from 0.1 to 0.4 km/km2.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The surface height above sea level is generally 175-225 m. The central part of the region is most elevated.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The absolute height of the territory in the floodplains of modern rivers rarely rises above 140-170 m (in the floodplain of the river. The Sejm is the lowest mark — 130 m).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Above the floodplain, in the interfluve, heights of 200-220 m predominate. The highest point is 274 m, near the village of Olkhovatka, Ponyrovsky District.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

(According to another version, 288 m in the upper reaches of the river. Rat.) The general slope of the terrain goes from the north-east to the south-west.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The depth of river valleys is up to 80-100 m.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Three main watershed ridges are distinguished in the region - Dmitrovsko-Rylskaya, Fatezhsko-Lgovskaya and Timsko-Shchigrovskaya.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

They intersect to form a triangle that descends west-southwest.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Of the relief-forming processes in the region, tectonic movements of the earth's crust played a leading role.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In modern conditions, the main role in creating the relief belongs to the activity of flowing waters that create an erosive relief.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are practically no glacial relief forms in the region.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Climate


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The climate of the Kursk region is moderately continental, with moderately cold winters and warm summers.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Continentality is increasing from west to east.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The territory of the region receives 89 kcal of solar energy per 1 cm² of surface per year, and taking into account reflection, 36 kcal/cm².


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The duration of sunshine per year is about 1780 hours (45% in summer, and about 55% in winter) the extreme south-east of the region, especially in spring crosses the Voeikov axis, which does not have a great impact on climate in these areas of the region.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The region is characterized by cloudy weather, the total number of cloudy days per year is about 60%, cloudy and clear - 20% each.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Relatively high humidity and frequent cyclones contribute to the development of large clouds.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The average annual air temperature in the region ranges from +5.9°C (in the north) to +7.1°C (in the south-west).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The period with an average daily air temperature above 0°C lasts 230-245 days, with temperatures above +5°C — 185—200 days, above +10°C — 140—150 days, above +15°C — 100-115 days.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The duration of the frost-free period is 145-165 days.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In summer, the average daily air temperature, as a rule, is kept within +20°C, in winter — from 0°C to minus 5°C.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The absolute maximum air temperature reaches +41°C, the absolute minimum is minus 40°C.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The average duration of individual seasons of the year: winter lasts about 125 days, spring — 60, summer — 115, autumn — 65 days.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The region is characterized by heterogeneity in the distribution of atmospheric precipitation.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In the north-western regions, between 550 and 640 mm of precipitation falls per year, in the rest of the territory - from 475 to 550 mm per year.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The warm period (April-October) accounts for 65-70% of the annual rainfall.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Permanent snow cover is established in the second decade of December, and snowmelt begins in early March, lasting about 20 days (Kabanova et al., 1997).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The height of the snow cover varies from 15 to 30 cm (maximum 50 cm), and the cover itself lies on average 2-2.5 months.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Hydrography


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk Krai does not have significant water resources, although it has a dense river network (0.17 km/km2), with an annual runoff volume of 3.38 km3.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The rivers of the western and central parts of the region (79% of the territory) belong to the Dnieper basin, and the eastern (21% of the territory) belong to the Don basin.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The number of all rivers in the region with a length of more than 10 km is 188, and their total length is almost 5,160 km.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Within the region, most of the watercourses are very small, there are only four rivers more than 100 km long: Seym, Psyol, Svapa and Tuskar.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The river network is better developed in the north, east and center of the region, where its average density is 0.25—0.35 km/km2, decreasing to the south-west to 0.15—0.20 km/km2.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The valleys of large rivers tend to be wide and deep.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The valleys of small tributaries of the main rivers of the region resemble large beams in their shape.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

They have only a floodplain, less often - a low first terrace above the floodplain, folded with loams.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Rivers feed mainly on melted snowwater (50-55% of annual runoff) and less - groundwater (30-35%) and rain (10-20%).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

A feature of the river regime is a high spring flood, which lasts 20-30 days, and a low level in summer and winter.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Usually, the rivers of the region are opened in late March — early April.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The lowest, so-called low-water level occurs in August-September.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are 870 large and small lakes in the region, with a total area of up to 200 km².


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Natural lakes in the region are found only in floodplains of rivers, the largest number of them is confined to ancient, well-developed river valleys.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Almost all lakes are old by origin and usually look like narrow and elongated strips ranging in length from several tens of meters to several kilometers.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The highest level in such lakes is observed in spring, and the lowest in late summer.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Non-floodplain lakes in Kursk Oblast are very rare.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are 785 artificial reservoirs on the territory of the region — ponds and small reservoirs, with a total area of 242 km² (that is, 0.8% of the territory), on average about 30 reservoirs per 1000 km² of territory area.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The area of ponds is on average small — 0.002 km²), their average depth is 0.8-2 m, the maximum is up to 3-4 m. The region has four large reservoirs — Kurchatovskoye, Starooskolskoye and Mikhailovskoye, with a filling volume of more than 40 million m3.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are also 147 relatively large artificial reservoirs with a volume of 1000—10,000 thousand m3, 363 reservoirs measuring 100—1,000 thousand m3 and 275 small reservoirs with a volume of up to 100,000 m3.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Most natural and artificial reservoirs belong to the Dnieper basin.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Geological structure


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The elevated and complexly dismembered relief of the region is determined by the Voronezh anteclise - the location of the Central Russian Upland above the rise of the crystal foundation of the Russian Platform, where sedimentary cover is small.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The geological foundation is represented by relatively shallow Archaean and Proterozoic crystalline rocks, on which the sedimentary rocks of Devonian, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary periods.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are manifestations of iron ores, gold and non-ferrous metals in the foundation.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The sedimentary cover rocks are represented by various deposits of later periods, to which small resources of brown coal, phosphorites, chalk, marl, tripoli, flask, sands, clay and peat are confined.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Soils


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Soils are diverse, but the main type is various chernozems (leached, slightly leached, typical, podzolized and others).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

They occupy about 2/3 of the territory.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

A significant part of the soil cover (1/5 of the area) is represented by gray forest soils (dark gray, gray, light gray and others), which are typical for the north-western regions.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Sandy, meadow-chernozem, marsh and some other types of soils are interspersed with spots into the total array of chernozem and gray forest soils.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

According to the mechanical composition, chernozems belong to heavy loamy or clay, and gray soils belong to light loamy and medium loamy coarse-silty varieties.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Most of the land fund — 82% — is used under agricultural land (arable land, orchards, hayfields, pastures).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Sloping lands are subject to planar and linear forms of erosion.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Natural vegetation has been preserved on 18% of the area.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Landscapes and biogeography


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

According to natural conditions, the region is divided into North-Western (Svapsky), South-West (Sudzhansky), Eastern (Timsky) and South-Eastern (Oskolo-Donetsk) natural and geographical regions.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The north-western region is located north of the Seym River valley and from the valleys of the Svapa and Tuskar rivers to the western border.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Sandy-marl deposits of Upper Cretaceous age and loess loess loams are widespread here; the maximum amount of precipitation falls; the largest forest cover in the region is 13-14%.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Various subtypes of gray soils are common, ranging from light gray to dark gray.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The typical vegetation cover reflects the features of the northern forest-steppe, alternating broad-leaved forests with meadow steppes.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The boundaries of the district are within the Srednerusskaya coniferous-deciduous and Srednerusskaya deciduous subprovinces.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The south-western natural and geographical area occupies the left bank of the river. Sejm and the right bank of the river. Psyol.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Here, under quaternary loess loess loams, sandy-clay deposits of Paleogene and Neogene lie; chalk and marls are exposed.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Most of the territory is occupied by chernozems (75%), the rest is occupied by gray and dark gray forest soils.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Forest cover is about 10%; oak forests predominate, there are pine plantations.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Motley grass-meadow vegetation has mainly been preserved only within the Central Chernozem Reserve.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The district is located within the Srednerusskaya forest-steppe subprovince.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The eastern district is located in the central part of the Central Russian forest-steppe subprovince.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In the west is bounded by Tuskar, in the south - on the right bank of the river. The Sejm, and in the southeastern part and in the east, its border passes along the watershed between Tim, Kshenya and Olym on the one hand and the Oskol basin on the other.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Sands and clays, marls and writing chalk are widespread on the territory of the district; Upper Devonian limestones and Jurassic clays are exposed.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Soils are highly eroded; leached and podzolized chernozems predominate in the western part, and typical chernozems prevail in the eastern part.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The steppe areas in the region are plowed, and the forest cover (oak forests and artificial forest belts) ranges from 7% to 1%.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The southeastern region is a natural and geographical area limited by the basin of the Oskol; is part of the Central Russian forest-steppe subprovince.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On the slopes of beams and river valleys, writing chalk, marls and sands of the Cretaceous period are exposed here; the watersheds are composed of quaternary loess loess loess loams; sands and loams of alluvial origin.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In addition to chernozems, there are humus-carbonate soils; soils are eroded.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The vegetation of a typical forest-steppe, but greatly changed by humans; there are many relict and rare plants; forest cover is the lowest in the region — less than 3%.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The fauna in all natural and geographical regions of the region reflects a typical combination of representatives of forest and steppe faunal forms.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are 59 species of mammals.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are elk, roe deer, red deer, wild boar, predators - fox, wolf, ferret, marten.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Of the typical steppe species, rodents are characteristic - speckled ground squirrel, hamster, mole rat, large jerboa.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

About 200 species of birds are found in the region, including 162 nesting birds.