Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

The previous record was set only a week earlier, when Kenny Chesney debuted at number 16 with the song “Don't Blink” [44].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

In November 2007, Brooks gave nine sold-out concerts at the Sprint Center in Kansas City, which opened only a month earlier.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Initially, only one concert was planned, but due to the fact that tickets for the musician's performance were sold out almost instantly, 9 concerts were already planned, all sold out.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

The show took place from November 5 to 12, 2007, and the artist's final performance on November 14.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

It has been shown in more than 300 cinemas across the United States [45].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

2009: Back on stage


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

On October 15, 2009, Garth Brooks announced that he was returning to the stage and performing weekends at the Encore Las Vegas Hotel and Casino.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

These performances continued until the fall of 2011.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

It was later announced that the musician would continue to perform in Las Vegas, and his performances were scheduled until at least June 2012 [46].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

This schedule allows Brooks to do family chores for a week (for which he left the stage), and perform on weekends.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

The financial terms of the performance contract were not announced, but the organizer of the performances said that he provided the singer with a private jet for flights between the venue in Las Vegas and his home a musician in Oklahoma.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Music style


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

From his older brothers and sisters, Garth Brooks adopted a love for different genres of music.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

After hearing country singer George Straight's debut single “Unwound”, Brooks decided that he would perform country music [14].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Although Garth listened to country music since childhood, he also liked rock music.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Among the musicians who influenced him, Brooks named James Taylor, Dan Vogelberg and Townes Van Zandt [12] [47].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Brooks was also influenced by songs by rock musicians from the 1970s, such as Billy Joel and Bruce Springsteen and opera rock Queen and Freddie Mercury.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Brooks's work combined country music in the spirit of Merle Haggard, honky tonk, post-folk rock, arena rock of the 1970s, which allowed him to achieve huge commercial success [26].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

In his most successful concerts, Brooks used a wireless microphone headset, which allowed him to quickly move around the stage, giving such concerts more energy and theatricality, characteristic of stadium rock performers and revived usually calm and measured country music [48].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Sales records


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

The Recording Industry Association of America announced that Garth Brooks is the best-selling solo artist of the 20th century in America [49].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

This report drew criticism from the press and many music lovers, who were convinced that Elvis Presley sold more records than Brooks, and his lower performance was due to erroneous RIAA certification methodology during his lifetime [50] [51].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Although Brooks, according to him, was very pleased with this achievement, he stated that he also believes that Elvis Presley has the most significant album sales of all solo artists [50].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Since then, the RIAA has revised its methods for calculating certificates.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

After revision, Presley became the best-selling solo artist in US history, moving Brooks to 2nd place among solo artists and 3rd overall (as The Beatles have more records sold and than Brooks and Presley).


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

The revised certification methodology has also caused a lot of criticism — this time from Brooks fans.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

On November 5, 2007, Garth Brooks was again declared the best-selling solo artist in US history, selling 123 million albums.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

In December 2010, several more Elvis Presley albums were certified by the RIAA in sales.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

As a result, Elvis surpassed Garth again [52].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

As of June 2012, Presley's certified albums had sold 134.5 million copies in the United States, and Brooks had sold 128 million copies [53].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Garth Brooks's 6 albums based on sales in the US received diamond status: Garth Brooks (10x platinum), No Fences (17× platinum), Ropin' the Wind (14× platinum), The Hits (10× platinum), Sevens (10× platinum) and Double Live (21× platinum).


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

According to this indicator, he shares first place with The Beatles, which also have six diamond albums in the United States [54].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Brooks's live album Double Live, certified 21 times platinum, is the best-selling live album in the United States of all time [55].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Personal life


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

On May 24, 1986, Garth Brooks married his lover, songwriter Sandy Mal.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

They met while Garth was working as a security guard at a bar.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Brooks and Mal had been separated since March 1999, announced plans to divorce on October 9, 2000, and filed for divorce on November 6, 2000.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

56] The divorce was finalized on December 17, 2001. [56]


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Since the mid-1990s, many tabloids have written that Garth Brooks has an affair with fellow musical colleague, country singer Trisha Yearwood.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Brooks and Yearwood denied having an affair between them [57].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Later, after Brooks's divorce, he began dating Yearwood, and then married the musicians at their Oklahoma home on December 10, 2005.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

This was Brooks's second marriage and Yearwood's third.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

The couple owns homes in Goodlettsville, Tennessee, Malibu, California, and Port St.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Lucie is in Florida, but primarily lives on a ranch in Owasso, Oklahoma, in the suburbs of Tulsa [58].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Charitable activities


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

In 1999, Garth Brooks, together with Bo Mitchell, founded The Teammates for Kids Foundation [59] to provide financial support to children.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Currently, the organization is working in four areas related to one of the sports:


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

baseball


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

hockey


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

american football


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

football


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

In the fall of 2007, it was announced that Garth would give two charity concerts in Los Angeles at the Staples Center for victims of the California fires on January 25 and 26, 2008.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

On December 1, tickets for the concerts went on sale and were sold out within a few minutes, which forced the organizers to give several more concerts.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Tickets for the entire Los Angeles show sold out in less than 1 hour.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

CBS aired the first of these concerts live (January 25 at 9 pm), giving viewers the opportunity to donate to fire fighting organizations [60].


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

In December 2010, Brooks gave nine concerts at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville in less than a week.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Only about 140,000 tickets were sold for the concerts and $5 million was collected.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

The fees from these performances were used to benefit victims of the Nashville flood in May 2010.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

A $500,000 donation Garth Brooks made in 2005 to Integris Canadian Valley Regional Hospital in Oklahoma led to an unexpected lawsuit.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

According to Brooks, the hospital promised to name a new health center for women after his mother Colleen Brooks, who died of cancer in 1999.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Later, the hospital decided not to build this center, while refusing to return the donation amount to the musician.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

On January 24, 2012, a jury in Claymore ruled in favor of Brooks, ordering the hospital to return $500,000 in donations and pay another $500,000 in penalties.


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Honors


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

During his career, Garth Brooks has won many different music awards, including such significant ones as:


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

2 Grammys [62]


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

17 American Music Awards (including Brooks's 1990 Artist Award) [63]


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Recording Industry Association of America, “Artist of the Century” (for the most albums sold in the 20th century in the United States) [49]


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

21 Academy of Country Music Awards (including Artist of the Decade (1990s) and Crystal Milestone Award, the best-selling country artist in history) [64]


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Discography


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Albums


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1989 — Garth Brooks


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1990 — No Fences


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1991 — Ropin' the Wind


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1992 — The Chase


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1993 — In Pieces


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1995 — Fresh Horses


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1997 — Sevens


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1999 — Garth Brooks... In the Life of Chris Gaines


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

2001 — Scarecrow


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

2005 — The Lost Sessions


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

2014 — Man Against Machine


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

2016 - "[[Gunslinger]]”


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Live albums/compilations


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1994 — The Garth Brooks Collection


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1994 — The Hits


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

1998 — Double Live


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

2007 — The Ultimate Hits


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

2013 — Blame It All on My Roots: Five Decades of Influences


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Notes


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Literature


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

References


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

on IMDb


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:American country musicians


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:Grammy winners


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:Artists who led the Billboard 200


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:American composers


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:American singer-songwriters


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:Composers alphabetically


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:Garth Brooks


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:Country Hall of Fame


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:Grand Ole Opry members


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:Liberty Records Artists


Question: How many kids does Troyal Garth Brooks have?

Garth Brooks

Category:Capitol Records Artists


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

KTM-5M3 (71-605 according to the Unified Numbering) is a Soviet and Russian high-floor four-axle one-way tram car.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The first prototypes of this tram car were built in 1963 at the Ust-Katavsk Carriage Works named after S. M. Kirov (UKVZ), and serial production continued from 1969 to 1992.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

This model of tram cars manufactured by UKVZ is better known as “KTM-5M3”, which was its official designation until July 1976, until the moment when a single numbering was introduced in the USSR types of rolling stock for tram and metro.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

According to one version, the abbreviation “KTM” meant “Kirov motor tram”, according to the name of the manufacturer.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

After 1976, the abbreviation “KTM” was unofficially called and called all subsequent serial samples of UKVZ products: tram cars of types 71-608, 71-619 and 71-623 (respectively, KTM-8 and KTM-19, KTM-23 ).


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In total, more than 14,000 KTM-5M, KTM-5M3, 71-605, 71-605U and 71-605A cars of all modifications were built, which allowed them to become the most popular model of the tram car in the world.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Since 1969 to the present day, they have been working with passengers in many tram facilities in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, as well as in Latvia (Daugavpils) — 1 car, and are the only type of rolling stock in some of the cities (for example, in Mozyr).


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The car has a fairly cheap, simple and technological design, but it has a number of drawbacks, the most serious of which is the low mechanical strength of the hull and the short service life.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

History


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Prerequisites for creating


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The beginning of the 1960s was a rather controversial time for tram facilities of the Soviet Union.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In Moscow (as well as a number of other cities), there was a campaign to remove tram tracks in the historic center, but the length of the tracks as a whole increased due to the construction of new lines to the outskirts and former suburbs, within the city limits.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In many cities of the USSR, new tram systems were opened, for the maintenance of which there was not enough rolling stock, so pre-war cars were used as at least some solution to the problem.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Very often, this rolling stock was “used” from tram facilities in other cities, where relatively few new cars were supplied.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In addition, at that time there was another problem: the growth of passenger traffic in almost all major cities of the USSR, which the most mass-produced two-axle cars of the X/M and KTM types could not cope with -1 + KTP-1.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

This circumstance urgently required the development of new types of rolling stock: articulated and capable of operating according to the system of many units (CME) of four-axle tram cars.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As of 1963, the USSR produced two types of four-axle tram cars: the LM-57 at the Leningrad Car Repair Plant (VARZ No. 1) and the RVZ-6 at (RVZ).


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Czechoslovak Tatra cars were also massively supplied to major cities of the USSR.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In addition to Tatra cars, most Soviet trams could not operate as part of a two-car train along the CME (local CME inventions of which remained single curiosities in Gorky and Kharkov) and were are not technologically advanced in production - for example, the construction of riveted buildings was very time-consuming.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In addition, VARZ No. 1 focused mainly on the needs of Leningrad and did not have a large reserve of its production facilities for supply to other cities of the country, and the Riga Plant did not have trams the main product, the main one was the production of railway equipment electrified rolling stock.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Ust-Katavsk Carriage Works named after S. M. Kirov (UKVZ), which at that time produced simpler in design two-axle motor and trailer cars KTM-1+KTP-1 and KTM-2+KTP-2.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For the mass renewal of the tram car fleet in provincial cities of the country, it was decided to develop and introduce into mass production a four-axle two-bogie tram car with a rheostat-contactor control system (RKSU) capable of working on the CME, namely at the UKVZ.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Since at that time Moscow had already received the first batch of Czechoslovak Tatra T3 cars and operated the T-2 for some time, it was decided to borrow for a new domestic development implemented in they are advanced foreign experience (as you know, Czechoslovak cars were licensed versions of American PCC trams).


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In particular, employees of the Ministry of Public Utilities of the RSFSR (Ministry of Telecom and Mass Economy), who oversaw the tram industry, liked the idea implemented in the Tatras to completely abandon pneumatic equipment.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

UKVZ has already experimented with cars devoid of pneumatics, having built an experimental train KTM-3+KTP-3, a version of the KTM-2+KTP-2 without pneumatic equipment, but this option did not go into mass production.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Also, some of the developments related to four-axle cars were borrowed from Leningrad car builders, who had extensive experience in this area.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

KTM-5, KTM-5M


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In 1963, the Katavsky Motor Tram of the 5th Model (KTM-5) was born.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The chief designer of the car was V. D. Leonidov said.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Externally, the first two KTM-5 cars very much resembled the “hybrid” LM-57 and T-3.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Two prototypes were sent to Chelyabinsk, but after working there at depot No. 2 for some time in 1965, they were returned to the plant.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

At this time, in connection with the approval of a new concept for the design of vehicles, the plant was obliged to design a tram car with rectangular shapes.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In the mid-1960s, the “fashion” for the exterior design of vehicles changed in the USSR.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Rounded streamlined shapes were left in favor of simpler and more technologically advanced “faceted” ones.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Improving electrical equipment (Chief Designer A. IN. Fedotov), UKVZ for modified KTM-5M Ural cars chose the external “chopped” design of the All-Union Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics, which was already similar to the final a variant of the future KTM-5M3.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Again, on the model of the Czechoslovak Tatras, plastic was widely used in its design in order to lighten the car (the first two KTM-5s had an all-metal body).


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

At the same time, the Czechs were even “surpassed” - only the extremities of the Tatra T-3 are plastic, and the KTM-5M had a completely plastic body and a number of internal parts.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

This “achievement” was caused by the fact that the total weight of the car “KTM” exceeded the “Tatra”.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For the first time, domestic cars did not have windows, and the ventilation of the cabin was forced; the traditional double sofa-type seats were replaced with separate ones, with some approach to the anatomical type.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In 1966, two experimental KTM-5M Ural were tested at the Apakov depot in Moscow, and later demonstrated at the Interbytmash-69 exhibition.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The experimental cars were not identical, they differed in the design of the body's power elements, glazing and the location of ventilation on the roof.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In December 1968, the UKVZ completed the construction of a workshop for the conveyor assembly of four-axle tram cars and soon began serial production of simplified KTM-5M cars: from the forced ventilation of the passenger compartment was refused, returning to the windows in the reduced side windows, and to ventilate the driver's cab, the car had a superstructure above the windshield.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The first serial KTM-5M Ural arrived in Omsk and Tomsk.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In 1970, the Moscow Power Engineering Institute developed a thyristor-pulse control system for tram rolling stock, which was tested on an experimental KTM-5M car at the S. M. Kirov in Moscow.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

This car with passengers did not work and after the end of the tests was sent to the plant to eliminate the identified design flaws.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

KTM-5M3 (71-605)


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

After the production of about eight hundred KTM-5M cars, fires broke out in a number of cities of the country, and one case in Tomsk turned out to be particularly serious — the car burned to the ground [2] [3], and a large number of people were injured.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The plastic cladding turned out to be non-fireproof, many toxic gases were released during combustion, and there were multiple poisonings.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

But the most dangerous was the location of contactor high-voltage panels in plastic covers.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As a result, in 1971, by a joint order of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Economy of the RSFSR and the Ministry of General Machine Building of the USSR, the plant was ordered to replace the plastic skin with a metal one, returning all manufactured KTM-5M to plant.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

About 60% of the cars were returned to the plant and converted into KTM-5M3 cars according to a hastily developed project, the rest were converted on site in operating tram facilities.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The KTM-5M3 variant provided for the replacement of the sides with steel cladding, corrugated in the middle part, but the ends and roof remained plastic.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Also, the cable drive of the sliding doors was replaced with a chain drive, instead of fluorescent lamps, incandescent lamps were installed in the interior lighting, but at the same time maintaining the long “light lines” from the previous one modifications.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Thus, the KTM-5 has acquired its final appearance and since 1971 it has been produced for more than 20 years without significant changes in design, the plant workers have only brought the reliability of individual units and assemblies wagon.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In July 1976, a unified classification system for tram and metro rolling stock came into effect, in which KTM-5M3 received a new name 71-605.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The plan for the production of KTM-5M3 was set at 500 cars per year, [4] but the actual production amounted to more than 700 cars per year.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

By the end of the 1980s, UKVZ, in order to increase the profitability of products and extend the serial production of KTM-5M3 cars (71-605), proposed to “start” the production of cars of the “new” model 71-605A.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

However, a number of steps to modernize the car were still taken: they replaced the noisy motor-generator (the KTM-5A was nevertheless supplied to Ryazan with motor generators and worked with them until write-off, while most of the KTM-5M3 were replaced by statics by m-g depots), which provided low-voltage electrical equipment with a voltage of 24 V, with a fully electronic static converter; improved coupling device.


Question: Who was the designer of the Tatra T3?

KTM-5

This was enough to appoint a new modification “A” to the same 71-605 in June 1989 and increase the selling price for the wagons shipped.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The first 71-605A was delivered to Prokopyevsk.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Nevertheless, UKVZ began to develop a truly new tram car 71-608, in favor of which the production of 71-605A was completed in 1992.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For the “European” Rostov-on-Don gauge of 1435 mm in 1990, UKVZ produced a modification of the KTM-5U with trolleys adapted to non-standard track and air conditioning.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Work in cities of the USSR


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Trams of this model were originally developed only for operation in the USSR, were never exported, even to the countries of the socialist camp.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Therefore, the car fully used the size of the tram rolling stock adopted in the USSR, which in some cities with old tram systems required the reconstruction of depot buildings or demolition separate structures along the tracks.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Due to the fact that RVZ-6 and Tatra cars were supplied to the capitals of the Union republics and large cities, medium and small provincial cities (less often large ones) were left for KTM-5M3 trams.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

But there were more than one exception to this system.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In particular, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was a shortage of rolling stock in the city's tram facilities in Leningrad, and a large batch of KTM-5M3 was delivered there, which worked on city lines up to autumn 2007.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

This was very unusual, since the city had a completely subordinate plant for the construction of tram cars.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

However, in connection with the opening in 1981 of the STTP (combined tram and trolleybus fleet) to serve the northern districts of Leningrad, it was necessary to urgently send a batch of KTM-5M3 to Leningrad, since the local the ZRGET plant did not have time to build the required number of cars to maintain the fleet.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Therefore, in 1982, 250 KTM5M3 cars were purchased.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In the first half of the 1970s, UKVZ developed very tense relations with consumers of its products — operators complained about the poor quality and reliability of cars, and plant workers complained about the low quality and reliability of the cars the qualifications of the operators themselves.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Brake solenoids often broke down (in Orel in May 1974, a car with failed brakes rammed a crowd of people, after which the entire car fleet in Orel was replaced by T-3), door drives broke down, more than once there have been fires in the contactor cabinet.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

However, both plant workers and drivers with repairmen gradually learned from this negative experience — the former improved the design in order to increase reliability, the latter became technically more savvy in work with more complicated equipment.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

By the end of the decade, the reliability of the KTM-5M3 did not cause any special complaints [2] [5].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

It should also be noted the drop in the assembly quality of the latest 71-605A in the early 1990s due to the general deterioration of the situation in the country's industry and the UKVZ in particular.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

KTM-5M3 opened traffic in a number of new tram systems of the country, for example, in the high-speed tram Stary Oskol and the conventional tram in Naberezhnye Chelny.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In the hands of competent drivers and repairmen of these enterprises, some of the cars of the first deliveries have outlived their planned 16 years for a long time.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

When Riga residents interrupted the production of RVZ-6M2 trams, KTM-5M3 cars began to be supplied to some cities that were previously the undivided patrimony of the RVZ-6: Kolomna and Kazan.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Old-timers trams of these cities still remember the jokes of passengers accustomed to two-door RVZ-6 about whether the tram needs a third (that is, middle) door.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In many cities, KTM-5M3 operated as part of two-car trains according to the system of many units, and in some cases, very intense passenger flows (for example, in Gorky, Kazan and Magnitogorsk) were used three-car trains.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Despite its widespread use within the former USSR (87 tram facilities [2]), the KTM-5M3 (like all other Soviet trams) was not supplied abroad.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Also, serial KTM-5M3 did not work in Riga, Moscow, Minsk and a number of major cities of the country.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

After the collapse of the USSR and the cessation of production of KTM-5M3, individual tram facilities on the basis of car repair plants tried to modernize the remaining cars of this brand.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

However, the imperfection of the design of the frame and body of the car, the plight with finances led to the fact that only a few units of KTM-5M3 were modernized.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The first such car was Voronezh 71-605RM, converted from the old KTM-5M3 at the local car repair plant.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

This option was offered for some time by the UKVZ itself on its website as a possible alternative to buying the new 71-608 or 71-619.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As of 2017, there are only 4 such cars: two in Kemerovo and Usolye-Sibirskoye.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Voronezhsky 71-605RM was decommissioned and disposed of a short time after the closure of tram traffic in 2009.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

At the beginning of 2008, the Biysk Tram Department at its production base carried out an experimental modernization of one car, replacing the sliding doors with tilting and maneuvering (modeled on the car 71-619), replacing the rheostat-contactor control system with a transistor-pulse control system, equipping the car with modern seats and installing an on-board information-measuring and computing system.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In case of positive results from trial operation, it was planned to carry out a similar modernization of 2-3 cars per year, but after an accident in the power electrical circuit in April 2009 mothballed.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Such upgrades, which changed the appearance of the car, were undertaken in Kemerovo and Ivanovo.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The only Ivanovo car that underwent modernization after the closure of the tram in Ivanovo on June 2, 2008 was transferred to the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region, where, due to the specifics of the local contact network, it equipped with a yoke instead of a pantograph, combining the modern appearance of the car with an archaic current collection.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In 2010, a program for the modernization of Krasnodar cars 71-605 was launched, which provides, in particular, for equipping the car with front and rear plastic masks on the model of the 71-623 car.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Trams 71-605 have been “modernized” (overhauled) in Chelyabinsk since 2011.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Improved cars have equipment with less energy consumption, are equipped with a navigation system capable of controlling the speed and compliance with the schedule, an autoinformer for announcements of stops, guided by the position of the car, LED route signs, passenger safety system and a “black box”.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The cabin is equipped with an emergency and main lighting system made of fluorescent and LED lamps in the form of light lines, the windows are tinted, the doors have a thermal climate control curtain that allows reduce energy consumption for heating the car [6].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The body of the modernized tram has a smooth surface and is painted in the colors used by Chelyabinsk passenger transport — cherry and sand.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In addition, the headlights and rear are different from those installed in the 71-605.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As of November 2012, 14 cars were modernized, the first of the modernized trams burned down.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The cost of upgrading one car is 3.5 million rubles [7].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Several times, major accidents occurred with the participation of KTM-5M3, including those with human casualties.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For example, on July 2, 1996, in Dneprodzerzhinsk, the brakes of the 71-605A car failed, after which it crashed into a wall at full speed, killing 39 people.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As a result, many 71-605 were dismissed from work in a number of Ukrainian cities, for example, Kharkov [2].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

On the other hand, such accidents occurred with other types of cars, for example, in Nizhny Novgorod a year earlier, due to brake failure at the Pokhvalinsky congress, the Czech one rolled down and overturned” Tatra” T3, 3 people were killed and more than 15 were seriously injured [8].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As a result, Nizhegorodelektrotrans MP became very suspicious of the operation of Tatras (T-3) on mountain routes.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Apparently, in both cases, the design of the cars was attributed to their own negligent attitude to checking their serviceability, especially since in Nizhny Novgorod 71-605 were considered very suitable for work on “mountain” routes.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Modifications and production


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The 71-605U modification is similar to 71-605A, with the exception of the bogie track - for the first it is 1435 mm against the standard 1520 mm for the second.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Also, 5 cars 71-605 were modernized at VRTTZ, UKVZ and in the Usolye-Sibirskoye tram facilities using the design solutions of the experimental car 71-606 and changing the external design.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The resulting modification was designated 71-605PM.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The modernized cars are distinguished by a current control system through traction motors — in Voronezh, a thyristor-pulse control system was used, and in other cases, a contactor-transistor control system.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Design description


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The cars of the KTM-5M3 family were the first serial domestic trams that did not have pneumatic equipment at all.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

All the functions that pneumatics performed on earlier models of UKVZ (braking, opening and closing doors, windshield wipers) were implemented with the help of electricity.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In particular, the combined electromechanical braking system was considered so reliable that it was decided to abandon the traditional column with the handbrake steering wheel of the time.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

housing


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The supporting body of the KTM-5M3 (and other 71-605 of all modifications) was a welded steel skeleton made of profiles of various thicknesses and sections, lined on the side with steel sheets, which were partially riveted, part of them were screwed to the supporting structures of the hull skeleton and connected to each other [p 1].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The skirt of the car and the inter-window posts are smooth, the window sill is corrugated.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The plastic elements of the ends and the roof were bolted to the skeleton.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Since the roof is made of a material that does not conduct current, unlike other cars, it did not have a rubber coating.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For mechanical strength, transverse stampings are made on the roof.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

This design solution was transferred to subsequent models of UKVZ trams — 71-608 and 71-619.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

From the inside, the body was lined with finishing lacquered plywood, in late release cars, the inner lining was made of plastic.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Noise-absorbing foam was located between the outer and inner skins of the body.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The flooring was made of bakelitized plywood covered with corrugated rubber so that it would not be slippery.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For access to a number of units and assemblies, 4 hatches are made in the floor - two for each trolley.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The seats are soft separate, with elements of anatomical design, single-row on the port side of the car and double-row on the right [p 2], with stoves at the base of the seat.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Outside, the body of the car at the factory was painted with pentaphthalic enamels of white (top), red (side) and light gray (skirt).


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The longitudinal strip with ventilation slots between the side and the skirt was not painted, it had a metallic gleam.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

There is no skirt at the ends for free movement of coupling devices when working as part of a train.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The KTM-5 of the early series had couplings of the “tongue” type, on later cars UKVZ introduced a semi-automatic coupling of its own design, which later switched to the 71-608 car. [10] [11]


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For boarding and disembarking passengers, the car has three doorways of equal width — two in the bevels of the extremities and one in the central part of the starboard side [p 3].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Sliding doors are opened and closed centrally from the driver's cab by means of an electric servomotor and a roller chain drive.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

There is one intermediate step between the doorway footrest and the passenger compartment floor.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The retractable ladder to the car roof is hidden in the first doorway.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The driver's cab is separated from the passenger compartment by an asymmetrical relative to the longitudinal plane by a bulkhead with a sliding door.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In the upper part of the bulkhead there are three round ventilation holes covered with decorative hoods with air ducts.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The external design of the KTM-5M3 hull causes very ambiguous assessments from electric transport workers and passengers.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The “chopped” edges of the bevels of the ends, the skirt littered down and the side up led to the appearance of a number of nicknames in the car, mainly with negative content.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The most common of them are “iron”, “coffin”, “shed”.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

On the other hand, this appearance was one of the first to be created in the 1960s and at that time was considered very modern and was perceived much more positively than it is now.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Trolleys


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

KTM-5 was equipped with bridge-type trolleys.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Suspension is single on coil springs.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Rubberized wheels [p 4].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The trolleys are rolled under the car and attached to it by means of a pivot assembly, which allows the trolley to rotate around the vertical axis and slight oscillations near its horizontal plane.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Unlike old cars with double-suspended bogies in axle boxes and cast wheels, the new design was lighter and less noisy when driving.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

However, the rejection of the second suspension stage led to an increase in the unsprung masses of the entire car and, as a result, to a greater deforming effect of the car on the rail track.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Operation (like the LM-57, RVZ-6) on weak tracks led to their intensive wavy wear, which before the appearance of bridge-type trolleys was unfamiliar to the tracks.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For example, the beginning of intensive operation of rolling stock of these types in Gorky required a major reconstruction of the track facilities and equipping the city tram enterprise with countermeasures — by specialized rail-grinding cars.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The bogies are equipped with a mechanical shoe-drum brake, which is used to brake the car and is driven by a solenoid electric drive [p 5].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Magnetorail brake shoes are located between the wheelsets along the sides of the bogie.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

[10] [11] [p 6]


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Electrical equipment and brakes


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The KTM-5M3 type car receives electrical energy from a 600 V contact network by means of a pantograph type current collector [p 7] (in some farms, for example, in Nizhny Novgorod on the KTM-5 the pantograph was replaced with a rope type current collector (arc).


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The second conductor in the “traction substation — tram car” circuit is the rail track.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

To suppress sparking that interferes with radio reception, the KTM-5M3 is equipped with a radio reactor that is installed on the roof of the car behind the current collector.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The electrical part of the KTM-5M3 car includes traction motors, starting braking resistances, an automatic group rheostat controller for switching the power electrical circuits of the car.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

When starting off, the starting brake resistances are connected in series with the engines, and as they gain speed, they begin to be withdrawn stepwise.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

If it is necessary to reduce the speed, the controller forms a closed circuit disconnected from the contact network from traction motors (operating in the power generator mode) and switched on as a load braking resistances.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The current arising in this circuit creates oppositional magnetic fluxes inside the stator and rotor windings of the traction motors, leading to the appearance of a mechanical moment of force that tends to stop rotor rotation.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Thus, electrodynamic braking of the car is realized.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

An important part of the electrical equipment of the car is brake solenoids, which hold the mechanical brake pads on the return springs in the retracted position from the brake drums [p 5].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

If it is necessary to brake, the current in the solenoids decreases, and the return springs press the pads against the brake drums, reducing the speed of the car.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In the event of a loss of voltage in the contact network or the safety pedal is depressed, the brake solenoids are completely de-energized, which leads to the pads being pressed against the drums with maximum force and initiates the process of emergency braking of the car (together with the activation of the magnetic rail brake) [p 8].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

If it is necessary to release the car or if the solenoid fails, the shoe brake can be forcibly released by rotating the threaded stud using a key (“tighten the solenoids”).


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Auxiliary electrical equipment includes the following components and circuits:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

a battery for autonomous power supply of a number of devices and magnetic rail brakes;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

control circuits of a group rheostat controller;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

outdoor and indoor lighting chains;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

door opening/closing drive chains;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

heating circuits for the passenger compartment and driver's cab;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

light and bell signaling circuits;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

a radio with wiring to loudspeakers installed in the passenger compartment.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Some of these circuits are powered from the contact network by serial connection of electricity consumers in order to avoid exceeding the rated voltage required for their operation.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Others — for example, a radio point, light and bell alarms, door drives and control of a group rheostat controller — have their own low-voltage power supply with a voltage of 24 V. For cars of the first editions, the function of this power supply was performed by a motor-generator; later it was replaced by a silent static converter — TZU.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The low-voltage subsystem is galvanically isolated from high-voltage circuits.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

To operate as part of a train using a system of many units, the controller control of the KTM-5 of all modifications could be transferred to the leading car of the train.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

At the same time, a scheme was also included for emergency braking of the driven car (or cars) in the absence of the driver when the train breaks.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In total, up to three KTM-5 cars inclusive could be operated in the train under the system of many units.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Project evaluation


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The KTM-5M3 tram car as a whole was not a new design for domestic manufacturers.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The load-bearing hull was successfully tested on Leningrad post-war LM-49 cars, bridge-type bogies on the LM-57, and the RKSU on the RVZ-6.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Nevertheless, in addition to the “faceted” hull design mentioned above, the KTM-5M3 implemented (or tried to implement) such innovations as work on a system of many units, a large glazing area, fluorescent lighting and efficient interior heating, comfortable seats of “anatomical” shape.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For the first two points, the KTM-5 was even slightly ahead in terms of sales of its competitor, the Leningrad LM-68 car, in which the designers also applied these technical solutions.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

They determined the vast majority of the advantages of the KTM-5M3 in comparison with the old or previous tram cars:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

good visibility from the passenger compartment;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

the best indicators for the convenience of entry-exit in conditions of exorbitant load, especially since sliding doors were not squeezed out unlike screen doors;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

in the case of installing a static converter instead of a motor-generator — almost complete noiselessness at stops;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

a lighter and more comfortable controller handle compared to old trams with a direct control system;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

convenient and competent layout of seats and places for standing passengers in the passenger compartment;


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

more reliable design of the gearbox.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

However, in addition, the KTM-5 had several design features, which were no longer assessed so unequivocally.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

First of all, these include savings on material, the desire to simplify the design and lighten the weight of the entire car as a whole, which was a characteristic trend in the mid-1960s.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As a result, the mechanical strength of the frame elements of the car frame fell sharply and such a characteristic as the “assigned service life of the car” appeared, equated to 16 years (and for early cars - and at all to 12) [2].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Pre-war trams of composite construction and post-war Stalinist era, with proper maintenance, could be operated for as long as they wanted.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In the Khrushchev era, and then in the Brezhnev era, this was no longer sought, compensating for the short service life with the production of new cars.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

However, after the collapse of the USSR, when underfunding of tram facilities made it impossible or very difficult to buy new rolling stock, the lack of safety margin and mechanical weakness still in operation KTM-5M3 became a big problem.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In many Russian cities of the 1990s, the “assuring” KTM-5M3 became an ordinary picture, when, due to the weakness of the frame at the ends, the front or rear part was held only on the skin and rhythmically swayed in a vertical plane when the car was moving.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Nevertheless, the desire to simplify the design as much as possible had its positive aspects.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

It is easier to maintain the KTM-5M3 in good condition than the Tatras (T3) or RVZ-6, so it is the former who continue to support traffic in problem cities or the last to leave the line in closed farms ( Voronezh, Astrakhan).


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Moreover, with competent and careful operation, the KTM-5M3 are quite workable, and modernization programs or at least overhaul repairs (KVR) make it possible to maintain them in good condition.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For example, in Nizhny Novgorod, Avtozavodskaya depot No. 3 independently mastered the KTM-5M3 KVR, bringing the outwardly “killed” cars to a very decent level.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

KVR of this type of car was also mastered in Omsk, Krasnodar (with the help of Tikhoretsky Machine-Building Plant), Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Like other cars with single-suspension bridge bogies, the KTM-5M3 has a significant destructive effect on the rail track due to its large unsprung masses compared to cars with double hanging trolleys.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The most common example of such an impact is the so-called wave deformation of rails.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In addition, due to one suspension stage, rhythmic shock effects in the presence of sliders on the wheels are transmitted to the car body, which further aggravates the situation with both the condition of the tracks and rolling stock.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As a rule, such difficulties were unknown before the KTM-5M3 was put into operation.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Among the minor design flaws, it should be noted that the “anatomical” seats with a deep landing turned out to be inconvenient for full or tall passengers, and sliding doors did not become a panacea for breakdowns during exorbitant loading of the car - although the door is not squeezed out, the chain mechanism of its drive is damaged.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

A more stable rack and pinion mechanism for sliding doors was used on the next model of the UKVZ, 71-608.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In general, the KTM-5M3 can be described as a failed attempt to shift the Tatra to domestic production and operation conditions, and then change the orientation from an “advanced model” to a “simple one” mass”.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Nevertheless, despite the abandonment of fluorescent lighting and accelerator as part of the RKSU, the KTM-5M3 largely retained the main technical solutions of the Czech car: bridge separation of electrical equipment into high-voltage and low-voltage parts and the absence of pneumatics.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The positive aspects of simplification include more reliable operation of the group rheostat controller instead of the accelerator and the ability to move on the motors of one trolley in the event of failure of one from the engines (T3 in such a situation had to be pushed from behind by a car).


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As a cheap domestic mass analogue of the Czech car, the KTM-5M3 was quite successful, but even by the beginning of its mass production, it was hopelessly outdated compared to the world level of development design ideas for tram rolling stock (prototypes with a thyristor-pulse control system or an articulated device have already been tested in Czechoslovakia).


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

By the end of the 1980s, with the advent of low-floor rolling stock, the KTM-5M3 became a uniform archaic, which, unlike other old Soviet trams, does not cause much nostalgia for wagon drivers or fans of historical public transport [5].


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

On the other hand, for many tram facilities in Russia, KTM-5M3 is still the only type of rolling stock that can be maintained at a decent level with minimal cost, which characterizes the car rather on the positive side.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

In some cities, for example, Novokuznetsk, KTM-5M3 cars undergo an in-depth KVR, after which their service life is significantly increased.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Restored cars can give a head start even to new KTM cars (71-619).


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Special wagons based on 71-605


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Many special-purpose cars were created on the basis of the 71-605 car.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

This was done both at factories, for example, VRTTZ, where the famous VTK was manufactured, and by the tram facilities themselves.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Freight cars, snow sweepers, cranes, rail grinding and rail welding cars, wattle fence and rail conveyors, tower cars of the contact network and network meters, tugs, motor platforms, etc. Trailed cars, such as VTK-09B, were made on the basis of the bogies of this car


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

KTM-5 in the creativity of tram lovers


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

The contradictory nature of the KTM-5M3 assessment is quite accurately reflected in Mikhail Kuchenev's Kolomna Tram Praise [12]:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Yes!


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

KTM is brutal too.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

And it looked like a tram


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

With Zarayskaya “skin transplant” [14],


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

“It's better late...”; well,


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

When the “five” appeared,


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

I used to say to myself, “Look!


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

When the windows suddenly changed


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Now there are three doors, not two,


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

What a colourful coloring book!


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

But fear crept into my heart


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

For the RVR standard [15]...


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

No, I don't like Ural “art”!


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Where to see


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

As of January 2019, tram cars of the KTM-5/71-605 family (2,366 units) are still operating in a significant number of tram farms in Russia and neighboring countries.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Cities where KTM-5 is operated:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Russia:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Angarsk, Achinsk, Biysk, Vladivostok, Volzhsky, Zlatoust, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Krasnoturyinsk, Kemerovo, Krasnodar, Kolomna, Lipetsk, Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Tagil, Nizhny Novgorod, Novokuznetsk, Naberezhnye Chelny, Novotroitsk, Novosibirsk, Nizhnekamsk, Omsk, Orsk, Osinniki, Prokopyevsk, Perm, Smolensk, Stary Oskol, Salavat, Saratov, Taganrog, Tomsk, Ust-Ilimsk, Usolye-Sibirskoye, Ulan- Ude, Khabarovsk, Cherepovets, Chelyabinsk, Yaroslavl


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Ukraine:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Avdiivka, Gorlovka, Dnipro, Kamenskoe, Yenakievo, Konstantinovka, Konotop, Krivoy Rog, Mariupol, Nikolaev


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Belarus:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Vitebsk, Mozyr, Novopolotsk


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Kazakhstan:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Pavlodar, Temirtau, Ust-Kamenogorsk


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Latvia:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Daugavpils


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Cities where KTM-5 is decommissioned:


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Petersburg, Tver, Kazan, Almaty, Orel, Tashkent, Vladikavkaz, Rostov-on-Don, Ulyanovsk, Ufa, Kharkov.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

However, as we age (the cars of the last production are already 26 years old, and the oldest car with serial number 665, produced in 1971, still operates in Pavlodar under tail number 53 [16]), everything more of them are written off, often with lack of funding, this led to the closure of tram systems in Voronezh, Ivanovo, Ryazan, Astrakhan, Dzerzhinsk, Tbilisi, Sumgait, Karaganda, Baku, Shakhty, Kramatorsk, Luhansk and Makiivka.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Until 2008, trams of this series were also operated in St. Petersburg, but now they have been completely replaced by newer LM-99 models.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Most of the rolling stock in Chelyabinsk and Saratov consists of KTM-5.


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Notes


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Other notes


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Literature


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Manual for the operation of tram car 71-605A


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Handbook “Wagons of the USSR” for 1969


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Handbook “Wagons of the USSR” for 1979


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

References


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: Who was the designer of Tatra T3?

KTM-5

Category:Trams of Ust-Katav Carriage Works


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

The list of football clubs that have won the top division of the Ukrainian championship since its first season in 1992 [~ 1].


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

The first national championship of independent Ukraine took place in 1992 (the format of that tournament was different from the modern one: it had two groups, the best teams of which competed for the title in the match for the first place); the first champion was the Crimean club “Tavria” [1].


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Since the second season, Dynamo Kyiv players have become champions of Ukraine 9 times in a row.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Shakhtar Donetsk became the third team to win the title of champion of Ukraine in the 2001/02 season.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

In the 2005/06 season, the “golden match” rule was introduced.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

According to this rule, if the first and second teams score the same number of points, the winner of the championship is determined in a “golden match” between them, which is played on a neutral ground.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

This rule had to be used in the same season — Shakhtar and Dynamo scored 75 points each.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Shakhtar won the “golden match” (2-1 in extra time) [2].


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

The first championships were held under the auspices of the Football Federation of Ukraine, then they were held by the Professional Football League of Ukraine.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

From the 2008/09 season to the present, the tournament has been organized by the Association of Professional Football Clubs of Ukraine “Premier League” [3].


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

The championship is held in two rounds according to the autumn-spring system.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Currently, 12 clubs are participating in the competition.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

The team that finished last (12th) in the championship is transferred to the First League and is replaced by the strongest team in this league [4].


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Champions of the Ukrainian SSR


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Football was brought to Ukraine by English colonists in 1878 [5].


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Since 1921, the All-Ukrainian Physical Education Festival has been held on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR, the winner of the football tournament of which was declared the champion of Ukraine [6].


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Since 1936, the clubs of this republic have played in different leagues of the USSR championships.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

During this period, the champions of the Ukrainian SSR were the teams that won in the first group of the republican championship, in class “B” of the Union competitions, and later in the Ukrainian zone of the Second League.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

From 1964 to 1991, two championship titles were played in the Ukrainian SSR in parallel — one among master teams, and the other among physical education teams [7] [8] [9].


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Within the framework of the Ukrainian SSR championships among cities (1921—1936)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1921 Kharkiv national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1922 Kharkiv national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1923 Kharkiv national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1924 Kharkiv national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1927 Kharkiv national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1928 Kharkiv national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1931 Kyiv national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1932 Kharkiv national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1934 Kharkiv national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1935 Dnepropetrovsk national team


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1936 Dynamo Kiev


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Within the framework of the Ukrainian SSR championships (1936—1959)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1936 Ordzhonikidze Plant (Kramatorsk)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1937 Spartak Dnepropetrovsk


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1938 Dzerzhinets (Voroshilovgrad)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1939 Lokomotiv (Zaporizhia)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1940 Lokomotiv (Zaporizhia)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1946 Spartak Uzhgorod


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1947 Bolshevik (Mukachevo)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1948 Torpedo Odessa


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1949 ODO (Kiev)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1950 Spartak Uzhgorod


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1951 ODO (Kiev)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1952 Metalurg Zaporozhye


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1953 Spartak Uzhgorod


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1954 Zenit (Kiev)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1955 Spartak (Stanislav)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1956 Shakhter (Kadievka)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1957 SKVO (Odessa)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1958 Mashinostroitel (Kiev)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1959 Avangard (Zhovti Vody)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Within the framework of the USSR championships without teams of the top divisions (1960—1991)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1960 Metalurg Zaporozhye


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1961 Chernomorets (Odessa)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1962 Labor Reserves (Lugansk)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1963 SKA Odesa


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1964 Lokomotiv (Vinnytsia)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1965 SKA Lviv


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1966 Avangard (Zhovti Vody)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1967 Avtomobilist (Zhytomyr)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1968 Avangard Ternopil


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1969 Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1970 Metalurg Zaporozhye


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1971 Kryvbas (Kryvyi Rih)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1972 Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1973 Tavria (Simferopol)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1974 Shipbuilder (Nikolaev)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1975 Kryvbas (Kryvyi Rih)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1976 Kryvbas (Kryvyi Rih)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1977 SKA Odesa


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1978 Metalist (Kharkiv)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1979 Kolos (Nikopol)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1980 SKA Kiev


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1981 Kryvbas (Kryvyi Rih)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1982 Bukovina (Chernivtsi)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1983 SKA (Kiev)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1984 Niva (Vinnytsia)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1985 Tavria (Simferopol)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1986 Zarya (Lugansk)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1987 Tavria (Simferopol)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1988 Bukovina (Chernivtsi)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1989 Volyn (Lutsk)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1990 Torpedo Zaporizhia


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

1991 Oilman (Akhtyrka)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Ukrainian champions


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Legend


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Vysshaya Liga (1992—2008)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Premier League (since 2008)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

The number of victories


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

By club


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Three clubs became champions of Ukraine.


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

By decade


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Notes


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

comments


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Sources


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

References


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

//terrikon.com (in Russian)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

//RSSSF (in English)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

//kopanyi-myach.info (in English)


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Category:Ukrainian Premier League


Question: How many times has the Ukrainian national football team won the highest awards?

List of Ukrainian football champions

Category:Lists:Football in Ukraine


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Crime Scene (English: Scene of the Crime) is a noir film directed by Roy Rowland, which was released in 1949.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The film tells the story of a lieutenant in the homicide department of the Los Angeles police (Van Johnson), who is searching for the murderers of his partner, revealing the activities of a gang that tried to subdue illegal betting network in the city.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In 1950, the film was nominated for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Feature Film.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The plot


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Late in the evening on one of the streets of Los Angeles in front of a young couple, two bandits kill an elderly man and hide in a car.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Arriving at the scene of the crime, the police identify the victim as their employee Ed Monigan, finding in his pocket an unexpectedly large sum of a thousand dollars.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The murder took place in front of a cigar store known to the police as an illegal horse racing betting shop.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Witnesses report that the shooter's left arm was mutilated and half of his face was covered with acne, and that one perpetrator called the other “crazy lobo”.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Police captain Foster (Leon Ames) reports that recently a new gang has appeared in the city, which is trying to subdue the betting business, at the same time there were several robberies in the city betting shops, but their owners, instead of contacting the police, decided to protect themselves.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In this regard, Foster suggests that Monigan could have been the victim of a gang showdown, providing protection for the bookmaker's outlet.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

However, detective Lieutenant Mike Conovan (Van Johnson) is convinced that Monigan, who was his long-term partner, could not have been involved in any criminal activity.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The captain entrusts Mike with the investigation of this case, assisting him with experienced detective Fred Piper (John McIntyre), who was once a mentor to Mike, as well as an aspiring C.C. operative Gordon (Tom Drake).


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Piper reports that the word “lobo” refers to bandits in the southern part of the state, and Mike adds that he recently saw two lobo in the company of famous shadow businessman Arthur Webson (Jerome Cowan).


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike brings his informant, a petty bandit nicknamed Sleeper (Norman Lloyd), to the police station, asking him about Webson, but he does not say anything valuable.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In Sleeper's pocket, Gordon finds a matchbox with the names of Turk Kingby (Richard Benedict) and Leif Dook (William Hud), as well as a phone number and address.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

After that, Mike visits Monigan's son named Ed, who in irritation accuses Mike that his father died due to his fault, because he wanted to prove himself so that Mike returned him to operational work.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Ed asks to complete the investigation and protect his father's good name.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Detectives monitor the administrative building at the address indicated on the box.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

When Webson leaves it, Piper goes to spy on him, and Mike and Gordon break into his office, in which they find a card of private detective Pontiac.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

A suspicious person knocks on the office, whom detectives stop and identify as Tony Ratzo (Anthony Caruso), who, as it turns out after studying his dossier, is a seasoned criminal.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Meanwhile, Piper reports that he missed Webson.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike and Gordon immediately go to Ratzo's home address, watching two men force him into the car and take him away.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Detectives follow the car to a warehouse owned by a crime boss named Judge Menafow (Tom Powers), who at one time made a fortune controlling bootlegger operations in the city.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Menafow, who knows Mike well, invites him to the warehouse, showing how his men identify suspicious individuals who may have been involved in raids on betting shops.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Menafow offers Mike $10,000 if he gives him the names of the raiders, but Mike refuses the offer.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In the evening, Sleeper tells Mike that he has information on two lobo who met Webson.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Their names are Turk Kingby and Leif Duk, and they call themselves Royalty Tim.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

It is they who rob bookmakers, and today they are preparing another robbery, but, according to Sleeper, there is no man with a mutilated hand among them.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Sleeper doesn't know their address, but he saw Turk in Pontiac's company.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Sleeper's information about the raid is indirectly confirmed, although the owners of the point do not recognize the fact of the raid.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike finds out that Turk and Leif were serving time together in Wallaby Prison.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

He turns to his informant, who was in the same prison and knows both bandits well.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

He claims that none of them have a mutilated hand.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Detectives find out that Sleeper and the owner of a small cafe Hippo were also serving time in the same prison.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike gives Gordon photos of Turk and Leif, instructing him to wait for them at the Hippo cafe, and together with Piper arrives at Pontiac (Robert Gist).


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The detective says he knows Turk, but hasn't seen him in a long time.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to him, one of Turk's girlfriends, a burlesque dancer named Lily (Gloria Dehaven), works at the nightclub “Foul de Rolle”.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike goes to this club, where he meets sexy Lily, immediately starting to take care of her.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

He invites her to the movies and the next day to a restaurant, hoping to establish a trusting relationship with her.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike's gentlemanly approach is liked by Lily, who is used to dealing with more primitive and rude men, and she kisses him.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

At home, Mike is met by his charming wife Gloria (Arlene Dahl), with whom he has lived in a happy marriage for four years.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Gloria is very worried about her husband's dangerous work and his frequent urgent calls to work, unsuccessfully persuading him to find a quieter place.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The next day, the newspaper published an article about the murder of Monigan, written by crime reporter Bob Herkmiker (Donald Woods), who, in pursuit of a sensation, hints that the murdered policeman cooperated with illegal bookmakers.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The article outrages Mike, who knows Bob well, but he can't help it.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Soon Sleeper calls Mike for a secret meeting, going to give him important information about the upcoming raid on the bookmaker's office.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike sends Piper to follow Hippo (Romo Vincent), who leaves his cafe in the company of Retzo.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

He himself, along with Gordon, comes to meet with Sleeper, discovering that he was brutally killed.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Soon Piper returns to the station, reporting that he missed Hippo.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike meets Lily at her house tonight.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

She says that she knows Turk, met him several times, but quickly broke off the relationship.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The police find Hippo and take him to the station.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

When Mike threatens to close his cafe, Hippo reports that he knows Turk and Leif in prison and gives Turk's address.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Gordon sets up a bug in Turk's room to listen to his conversations.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In the evening, Mike and Gloria come to an expensive restaurant, where they meet with former Gloria fan, multimillionaire Norrie Lorfield (Tom Helmore), who offers Mike a profitable high-paid a position at his steel company, but Mike declines the offer.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Detectives later listen to Turk's drunken chatter with prostitutes, during which he claims that he went with Leif to a case during which he shot Monigan.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike suspects Leif may still have the murder weapon.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike lets Lily listen to a recording of Turk's conversation about the murder of Monigan, after which she agrees to help the police, although she shows that she is upset that Mike talked to her only for the sake of the cause.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

At the police station, Mike is informed that Turk managed to leave the hotel before he was detained.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

At night, Lily calls Mike with Leif's address.