Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Pupils of the school took part in various competitions on the peninsula [142].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

In 2013, about 300 children studied at the school, and at the end of 2014, 390 students [150] [151].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

In 2016, the sailing school was abolished [145].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Since 2002, Novoozernoye has hosted a local branch for kyokushin karate [152] [1].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Karatekas from Novoozerny have repeatedly won various children's and youth tournaments in Evpatoria, Crimea and Ukraine [153] [154].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

In 2010, the Donuzlav Tournament karate championship was held in Novoozerny [155].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

As of 2017, the karate sports club is called Svyatogor, where 46 people are engaged in karate and 16 people are engaged in shaping [156].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

The Novoozerny football team, having taken part in the 2009 Black Sea District Open Football Championship for the first time, became its winner [157] [158].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Also in 2009, the village's volleyball team took part in the Evpatoria Cup [159].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

In 2004, due to financial problems, a chess club was closed in Novoozernoye [1].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Religion


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

The Orthodox community of Apostle Andrew the First-Called of the UOC-MP was registered in Novoozernoye in 1995.


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

The community received premises in 1997 in a five-story building at ul. Heroes of Paratroopers, 11.


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Archpriest Vasily Rudy has been the head of the Orthodox community since 1999.


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

The church has a children's and adult church choir.


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

In 2003, Archbishop Augustine visited Novoozernoye [1].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

As part of the celebration of the 2000th anniversary of the birth of Jesus Christ, a worship cross was installed at the entrance to Novoozernoye.


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

In 2007, at the entrance to the village, not far from the bus station, construction of the Church of St. Andrew the First-Called, 26 meters high [1] [160], began.


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Monuments


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

In 1998, a memorial complex of Black Sea sailors who died during the Great Patriotic War was erected on the central alley of Novoozerny.


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Three busts perpetuate the memory of Heroes of the USSR Nikolai Sipyagin, Ivan Golubets and Dmitry Glukhov.


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Previously, the sculptures were stored in the 112 Brigade located in Mirny [1].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in 2011, a monument to the heroes-liquidators was erected on the territory of Primorsky Park [161].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Later, the Chernobyl Bell monument was moved to the park located between the market and the bus station [162].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

In July 2011, a memorial plaque was installed on the territory of the headquarters of the Southern Naval Base in honor of the 15th anniversary of the founding of this military unit [26]


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

In honor of the flooding of the large anti-submarine ship “Ochakov” and other ships of the Black Sea Fleet in March 2014, which blocked the exit to the ships of the Ukrainian fleet, on August 7, 2014 at a rally, Vladimir Konstantinov, Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea, unveiled a memorial sign dedicated to the Day of Military Glory of Russia [53].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

During the celebration of the 44th anniversary of the founding of Novoozerny and Navy Day in 2015, a memorial sign was unveiled in honor of the 50th anniversary of the entrance to Donuzlav MPK-8 and the first builders of the village [12].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Busts of Heroes of the USSR


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Scuttled Ships Memorial


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Commemorative plaque in honor of the 15th anniversary of the Southern Naval Base


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

A memorial sign on the site of the future monument to Taras Shevchenko


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Honorary residents


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Admiral Igor Makhonin was first awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of Novoozerny in 2000 [1].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

A year later, this title was awarded to the first head teacher of the school, Alevtina Sukhareva [1], General Director of Ost-Energo Velery Pegushin [1], military builders Vazha Samkharadze and Lidia Rodyk [1], Captain 1st Rank Ivan Zavgorodny [1] and participant of the Great Patriotic War, Captain 3rd Rank Mikhail Merzlikin [1] [163].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Sister cities


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Dokuchaevsk, Donetsk Oblast (since July 16, 2011) [164].


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Notes


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Literature


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

References


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Category:Resorts of Crimea


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Category:Yevpatoria Urban Okrug


Question: How many libraries are there in Novoozyornoye?

Novoozyornoye (Crimea)

Category:Urban-type settlements in Crimea


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The Battle of Smolensk, as well as the Smolensk Strategic Defensive Operation, is a complex of defensive and offensive actions of Soviet troops against the German Army Group Center and part of the forces of the group armies “North” in the main Moscow direction.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

For two months (from July 10 to September 10, 1941), fierce fighting continued over a vast territory: 600-650 km along the front (from Idritsa and Velikiye Luki in the north to Loev and Novgorod-Seversky on south) and 200-250 km in depth (from Polotsk, Vitebsk and Zhlobin in the west to Andreapol, Yartsevo, Yelnya and Trubchevsk in the east).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

At various times, they were attended by: from the Soviet side - ground forces and aviation of four fronts (Western, Central, Reserve and Bryansk), as well as aviation of the 3rd Long-Range Bomber the RGC corps; from the German - the troops of Army Group Center, part of the forces of Army Group North and aviation of the 2nd Air Fleet.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Historiography includes both defensive and offensive front-line operations in the Battle of Smolensk [1]:


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

defensive


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Defense of Polotsk


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Defense of Smolensk


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Defense of Mogilev


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Gomel Defensive Operation


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Battle of Velikiye Luki


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

offensives


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Rogachev—Zhlobin Offensive


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Yelninsky Offensive


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Roslavl-Novozybkov Offensive


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Dukhovshchina Offensive


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The Smolensk strategic defensive operation followed immediately after the Belarusian one and preceded the Moscow one.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Previous events


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

After the defeat of the main forces of the Soviet Western Front in the Battle of Bialystok-Minsk, the German mobile forces of Army Group Center reached the Western Dvina near Vitebsk (3rd Tank Group) and the Dnieper near Orsha and Mogilev (2nd Panzer Group).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The weakened and scattered divisions of the Western Front of the Red Army that withdrew from the border areas from the 13 and 4 armies were withdrawn to the rear for reformation and replenishment.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The units of the Second Strategic Echelon, which were included in the Western Front on July 2 [2], continued to arrive from the interior of the country and were not yet fully deployed.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Part of the troops have already fought in the Polotsk and Sebezhsky fortified areas (URs) and on a bridgehead in the Disna area (22nd Army), at the crossings near Bykhov and Rogachev (21st Army).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the unsuccessful offensive on Lepel on July 6-10, the 5 and 7 th Mechanized Corps of the 20 Army were defeated.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In total, 37 out of 48 advanced divisions managed to take positions at the turn from Idritsa to the area south of Zhlobin by the beginning of the Battle of Smolensk, of which 24 divisions were in the first echelon.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The defense created by the front was not prepared in engineering terms and did not have the necessary stability.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Parties' plans


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the new offensive on the Moscow direction, the German command expected to achieve decisive success [3].


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The general idea provided for the dissection of the Soviet defense front into three parts, the encirclement and liquidation of the Polotsk-Nevelsk, Smolensk and Mogilev groups of the Western Front and thereby create favorable conditions for an unhindered attack on Moscow.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The encirclement of the right-flank Polotsk-Nevelsk group of Soviet troops (22nd Army) was entrusted to the troops of the adjacent flanks of Army Groups North and Center.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The main forces of the enemy's 4 Army (2 and 3 tank groups) were directed against the Smolensk grouping of the Red Army (20, 19 and 16 armies) and the Mogilev group (13 Army).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The decision of the German command to launch a new offensive on the Moscow direction with mobile units alone, without waiting for the approach of infantry divisions, was an unpleasant surprise for the Soviet command [4].


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The exact plans of the Soviet command are unknown.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Forces of the parties


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Wehrmacht RKKAArmy Group Center


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

(Field Marshal F. von Bock) Western Front


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

(Marshal S. M. Tymoshenko)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

4th Army (Field Marshal G. von Kluge)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

3rd Panzer Group (Colonel-General G. Goth)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

57th motorized corps (A. Kunzen)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

19th Panzer Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

14th Motorcycle Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

23rd Army Corps (A. Schubert)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

86th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

110th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

206th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

39th motorized corps (R. Schmidt)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

20th Panzer Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

20th Motorcycle Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

18th Motorcycle Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

7th Panzer Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

12th Panzer Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

2nd Panzer Group (Colonel-General G. Guderian)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 47th motorized corps (J. Lemelsen)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

17th Panzer Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

18th Panzer Division (V. Nering)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

29th Motorcycle Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

46th motorized corps (G. von Vietinghof-Scheel)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

10th Panzer Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

SS motorcycle division “Das Reich” (P. Hausser)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Separate motorized regiment “Great Germany”


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

24th motor-building (L. Geir von Schweppenburg)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

3rd Panzer Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

4th Panzer Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

10th Motorcycle Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

1st Cavalry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the second tier [5]


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 9th Army (A. Strauss) [6]


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

6th Army Corps (O.-V. Förster)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

26th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

6th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

5th Army Corps (R. Ruoff)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

5th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

35th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

161st Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

2nd Army (M. von Weichs) [7]


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

9th Army Corps (G. Geyer)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

268th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

137th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

292nd Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

263rd Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

7th Army Corps (V. Farmbacher)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

7th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

23rd Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

258th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 12th Army Corps (V. Schroth)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

31st Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

34th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

53rd Army Corps (K. Weisenberger)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

267th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

255th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

43 Army Corps (G. Heinritzi)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

134th Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

131st Infantry Division


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

From OKH reserve


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

52nd Infantry Division (L. Rendulich)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 22nd Army (Lieutenant General F. A. Yershakov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

51 Rifle Corps (Major General A. M. Markov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

170th Infantry Division (Major General T. K. Silkin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 112 Infantry Division (Colonel I. A. Kopyak)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

98th Infantry Division (Colonel M. S. Evsyukov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

62 Rifle Corps (Major General I. P. Karmanov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

126th Infantry Division (Colonel E. IN. Bedin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

174 Infantry Division (Brigade Commander A. AND. Zygin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

186th Infantry Division (Major General N. AND. Biryukov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The headquarters of the 29th Rifle Corps (Major General A. G. Samokhin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Under the command of the army headquarters


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 214 Infantry Division (Major General A. N. Rozanov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

48th Panzer Division (Colonel D. ME. Yakovlev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

179 Infantry Division (Colonel N. G. Gvozdev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

50th Infantry Division (Colonel A. A. Boreiko)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 19th Army (Lieutenant General I. S. Konev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 25th Rifle Corps (Major General S. M. Chestokhvalov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

127th Infantry Division (Major General T. G. Korneev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 134 Infantry Division (Brigade Commander V. K. Bazarov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 162nd Infantry Division (Colonel N. F. Kolkunov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

34th Rifle Corps (Lieutenant General R. P. Khmelnitsky)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

129 Infantry Division (Major General A. M. Gorodnyansky)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 158 Infantry Division (Colonel V. AND. Novozhilov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

23rd Mechanized Corps (Major General M. A. Myasnikov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

220th Motorized Rifle Division (Major General N. G. Khoruzhenko)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

38th Infantry Division (Colonel M. G. Kirillov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 20th Army (Lieutenant General P. A. Kurochkin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

69th Rifle Corps (Major General E. A. Mogilevchik)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 153 Infantry Division [8] Colonel N. A. Gagen)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

229th Infantry Division (Major General M. AND. Kozlov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

233rd Infantry Division (Colonel G. F. Kotov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

2nd Rifle Corps (Major General A. N. Yermakov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

100th Infantry Division (Major General I. N. Russiyanov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 161st Infantry Division (Colonel A. AND. Mikhailov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 5th Mechanized Corps (Major General I. P. Alekseenko)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 13th Panzer Division (Colonel F. Y. Grachev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

17th Panzer Division (Colonel I. P. Korchagin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 7th Mechanized Corps (Major General V. AND. Vinogradov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 14th Panzer Division (Colonel I. D. Vasiliev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 18th Panzer Division (Major General F. T. Remizov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The headquarters of the 20th Rifle Corps (Major General S. AND. Eremin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Under the command of the army headquarters


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

73rd Infantry Division (Colonel A. AND. Akimov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 18th Infantry Division (Colonel K. IN. Sviridov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

57th Panzer Division (Colonel V. A. Mishulin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

1st Motorized Rifle Division (Colonel Y. G. Kreiser)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

144th Infantry Division (Major General M. A. Pronin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

128th Infantry Division (Colonel F. AND. Komarov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 13th Army (Lieutenant General F. N. Remezov [9], since July 15, Lieutenant General V. F. Gerasimenko)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 61st Rifle Corps (Major General F. A. Bakunin):


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 53rd Infantry Division (Colonel I. ME. Bartenev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 110th Infantry Division (Colonel V. A. Khlebtsev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

172nd Infantry Division (Major General M. T. Romanov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

45th Rifle Corps (Commander E. ME. Magon):


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

187th Infantry Division (Colonel I. AND. Ivanov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 148th Infantry Division (Colonel F. M. Cherokmanov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 20th Mechanized Corps (Major General A. G. Nikitin, since July 13, N. D. Vedeneev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

26th Panzer Division (Major General V. T. Obukhov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

38th Panzer Division (Colonel S. AND. Kapustin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

210 Motorized Division (Brigade Commander F. A. Parkhomenko)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Under the command of the army headquarters


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 137th Infantry Division (Colonel I. T. Grishin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

160th Infantry Division (Major General I. M. Skugarev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

21st Army (Colonel General F. AND. Kuznetsov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

63 Rifle Corps (Commander L. G. Petrovsky)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 61st Infantry Division (Colonel N. A. Prishchepa)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

154 Infantry Division (Brigade Commander Y. S. Fokanov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

167th Infantry Division (Brigade Commander V. S. Rakovsky)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 66th Rifle Corps (Major General F. P. Sudakov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

232nd Infantry Division (Major General S. AND. Nedvigin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

67 Rifle Corps (Brigade Commander F. F. Zhmachenko)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

102nd Infantry Division (Colonel P. M. Gudz)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 151st Infantry Division (Major General V. AND. Neretin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

132 Infantry Division (Major General S. S. Biryuzov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 25th Mechanized Corps (Major General S. M. Krivoshein)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

50th Panzer Division (Colonel B. S. Bakharov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 55th Panzer Division (Colonel V. M. Badanov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 219th Motorized Rifle Division (Major General P. P. Korzun)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Under the command of the army headquarters


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 117th Infantry Division (Colonel S. S. Chernyugov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

75th Infantry Division (Major General S. AND. Nedvigin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the second tier


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

16th Army (Lieutenant General M. F. Lukin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

32nd Rifle Corps (Major General T. K. Kolomiets)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

46th Infantry Division (Major General A. A. Filatov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

152 Infantry Division (Colonel P. N. Chernyshev)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The headquarters of the 44th Rifle Corps (Commander V. A. Yushkevich)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

4th Army (Acting Commander Colonel L. M. Sandalov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 28th Rifle Corps (Major General V. S. Popov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

6th Infantry Division (Colonel M. A. Popsuy-Shapko)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

42nd Infantry Division (Acting Colonel M. E. Kozyr)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

55th Infantry Division (Lieutenant Colonel G. A. Ter-Gasparyan)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 143rd Infantry Division (Colonel G. A. Kurnosov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 47th Rifle Corps (Major General S. AND. Povetkin)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 121st Infantry Division (Major General P. M. Zykov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

155 Infantry Division (Major General P. A. Aleksandrov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

4th Airborne Corps (Major General A. S. Zhidov)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Actions by parties


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The first stage (July 10-20): the Wehrmacht offensive


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The battle of Smolensk began on July 10-12 with the offensive of mobile units of the Wehrmacht 4 Army with two wedges on Vitebsk and Mogilev [10].


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The main forces of the 3 tank group (Goth) (39 motorized corps consisting of 3 tank and 2 motorized divisions), having overcome the resistance of the 19 Army (I. S. Konev) near Vitebsk (see Fig. Battle of Vitebsk), began to advance to the east.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The rest of the forces of the 3 tank group (the 57 th motorized corps as part of the 19 Tank and 14 th Motorized Division) from a bridgehead in the Disna area west of Polotsk struck in the direction of Nevel.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

At the same time, the 2nd Tank Group (Guderian) crossed the Dnieper with two wedges north and south of Mogilev.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

North of Mogilev operated the 47 Motorized Corps (two tank and one motorized division) and the 46 Motorized Corps (10 Panzer Division and the (motorized) SS Division “Das Reich”), to the south - 24th Motorized Corps (two tank and one motorized division).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Immediately, German troops achieved serious success:


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On the northern flank, the German 57 Motorized Corps advanced and captured Nevel.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The Soviet 22nd Army was divided into two parts and was semi-encircled; on July 16, under the threat of complete encirclement, its troops left Polotsk (cf. Defense of Polotsk 1941).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the Vitebsk area, the 7 and 20 Panzer Divisions of the 39 Motorized Corps, having defeated the Soviet units of the 220 Motorized Division and the 25 Rifle Corps, drove them away from the city.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 13, they occupied Velizh and Demidov.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 16, the enemy approached the outskirts of the city of Yartsevo, located 50 kilometers northeast of Smolensk, but failed to seize the city on the move.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Near Dukhovshchina, the management of the 25 Rifle Corps was defeated, the commander of the corps, Major General S. M. Chestokhvalov said.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the southern section, Guderian's 2nd tank group, crossing the Dnieper south and north of Mogilev, occupied Orsha and, bypassing Mogilev with two wedges, advanced in the direction of Smolensk.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the Mogilev area, six rifle divisions of the 20th and 61st Rifle Corps of the Red Army were surrounded.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 16, the 29th Motorized Division from Guderian's group broke into Smolensk, where stubborn battles ensued with the defenders of the city (cf.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Defense of Smolensk (1941)).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 19, the enemy's 10th Panzer Division advanced southeast of Smolensk and occupied Yelnya.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

20 rifle divisions of the Red Army, which were part of three armies (16, 19 and 20), were under threat of encirclement in the Smolensk area [11]


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Thus, in less than a week, German troops managed to reach Smolensk, which was the operational goal of the entire offensive [12].


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

At the same time, in a vast area west, north and east of Smolensk, large forces of the Western Front (the second strategic echelon) fell into the operational encirclement: the 16th Army (M. F. Lukin), the 19th Army (I. S. Konev) and the 20th Army (P. A. Kurochkin).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Communication with these armies was maintained through the only pontoon crossing the Dnieper near the village of Solovyovo (15 km south of Yartsevo), which was defended by a combined detachment under the command of Colonel A. AND. Lizyukova.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

This crossing was shot through enemy artillery fire and was subjected to constant strikes by his aircraft.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The Soviet 13th Army (F. N. Remezov) was dismembered in two by the enemy: one part was surrounded in the Mogilev area (cf. The defense of Mogilev), and the other was surrounded in the Krichev direction, and with heavy battles broke through the Sozh River, where it was entrenched.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Actions on the southern flank of the Western Front


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Events on the southern flank of the central section of the Soviet-German front developed in a completely different way.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Here is the Soviet 21st Army of Colonel-General F. AND. Kuznetsova on July 13 launched an offensive with the task, having captured Bykhov and Bobruisk, to go to the rear of the enemy in the Mogilev-Smolensk direction.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

63 Rifle Corps (Commander L. G. Petrovsky) successfully crossed the Dnieper, occupied Rogachev and Zhlobin and continued the offensive on Bobruisk.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

To the south, the 232nd Rifle Division of the 66 Corps advanced 80 km, occupied crossings over the Berezina and Ptich rivers.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 67 Rifle Corps launched an offensive in the direction of the German bridgehead near Stary Bykhov.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The German command urgently sent against the 21 Army the 43 and 53, then the 12 Army Corps of the 2 Field Army, as well as the 52 Infantry Division from the reserve of the High Command, to which it was possible to stop the Soviet offensive (see para. Battle of Bobruisk).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The second stage (July 21 — August 3): Red Army counterattack


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Since July 16, infantry units of the GA Center began to approach the battle area, which were supposed to consolidate the success of tank groups.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Taking into account what has been achieved, the German command concluded that the Soviet Western Front is no longer able to offer serious resistance and that the Center GA is capable of conducting a further offensive on Moscow alone infantry divisions.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 19, the Wehrmacht High Command (OKV) issued Directive No. 33 on the further conduct of war in the East, and on July 23 - an addition to it, in which the task of defeating Soviet troops between Smolensk and Moscow and the capture of Moscow was entrusted to the 2 and 9 armies.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 23, Hitler, in an interview with Commander-in-Chief of the Army Walter von Brauchich and Chief of the General Staff Franz Halder, explained:


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

After the end of the battles in the Smolensk area, the 2 and 3 tank groups must disperse one to the right and the other to the left to support the troops of Army Groups South and North.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Army Group Center must conduct an offensive against Moscow with the forces of infantry divisions alone...


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

This decision showed that the high command of the Wehrmacht was still full of optimism and believed in the successful implementation of the Barbarossa plan.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the rear of the Western Front, the Third Strategic Echelon was deployed, brought together on July 14 to the front of the Reserve Armies (Lieutenant General I. A. Bogdanov): the 29, 30, 24 and 28 armies in the first echelon, the 31 and 32 armies in the second.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In addition, on July 18, another echelon, the Mozhaisk Defense Front, was formed on the far approaches to Moscow.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

However, in the second half of July 1941, symptoms that were alarming for the Wehrmacht appeared: after the occupation of Nevel, German troops continued their offensive on Velikiye Luki and occupied the city on July 19, but already 21 July were knocked out of it.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

At the same time, part of the previously surrounded Soviet 22nd Army managed to escape from the encirclement.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 22, 1941, Colonel-General Franz Halder, Chief of the German General Staff of the Land Forces, made a note about the northern flank of the GA Center:


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

After our troops failed to surround the enemy in the Nevel area and had to leave Velikiye Luki, the chances of a major success of the operation, which would lead to overwhelming superiority on our side, have significantly decreased...


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Taking into account a large Soviet group in the districts of Gomel and Roslavl, Halder recorded on July 23:


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On the Smolensk Bulge, in the near future, we should expect pressure from the enemy from the southeast and north-east...


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Red Army actions


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 21, the Supreme Command Headquarters attempted to launch a counteroffensive in order to unblock the units of the 20 and 16 armies surrounded in the Smolensk area.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Five operational groups [13], formed from the new 29th, 30th, 24th and 28th armies of the Reserve Front, were involved in the counterattacks.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Soviet troops carried out concentric strikes in the direction of Smolensk:


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

task force I. AND. Maslennikov (3 rifle divisions) was ordered to advance in the direction of Velizh,


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

operational groups of V. A. Khomenko (3 rifle and 2 cavalry divisions) and Lieutenant General S. A. Kalinin (3 rifle divisions) were advancing from the north-east


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

task force K. K. Rokossovsky (2 rifle and 1 tank division) was advancing from the east


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

task force V. ME.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Kachalova (2 rifle and 1 tank divisions) - from the south-east (from Roslavl).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The direct leadership of the task forces was entrusted to Lieutenant General A. AND. Eremenko (since July 19 — Commander of the Western Front) [14].


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

At the same time, on the southern flank of the Western Front, the 21st Army was tasked with resuming the offensive in order to defeat the enemy's Bobruis-Bykhov grouping and restore communication with besieged Mogilev ( see Battle of Bobruisk 1941), and the 13 Army was supposed to continue attacks on Krichev and Propoisk (Slavgorod).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

A cavalry group consisting of three cavalry divisions was sent from the strip of the 21st Army to the rear of the Mogilev-Smolensk enemy grouping.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Second stage results


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The Soviet offensive, which was prepared in a hurry and conducted by separate insufficiently powerful groups, did not succeed.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The enemy caused significant damage to the advancing Soviet troops: five divisions from Kachalov's task force near Roslavl were surrounded and suffered heavy losses [15].


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The command of the Western Front could not ensure the simultaneous operation of all groups [16].


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

It was also not possible to ensure interaction with the 16 and 20 armies surrounded near Smolensk.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The approach of the German infantry divisions from Minsk turned the tide of the battle for Smolensk, and on July 28, 1941, the last Soviet troops left the city (cf. Defense of Smolensk 1941).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 4-5, the remnants of Soviet troops left the encirclement.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 26, after fierce fighting, Soviet troops also left Mogilev (see Fig. Defense of Mogilev).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The situation at the end of July


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The Soviet and German commanders assessed the situation in different ways.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The version of the Soviet command


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Soviet counterattacks shackled German troops, who were deprived of their freedom of maneuver.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The active actions of the 21 and 13 Armies on the southern flank of the Western Front [18] bound the entire 24 motorized corps (a third of the 2 tank group) and 15 divisions of the 2 Field Army.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Thus, despite significant successes, German troops were exhausted by continuous battles.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On July 30, OKV, in its Directive No. 34, was forced to order Army Group Center with the main forces to go on the defensive.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Without replenishing and eliminating the threat to its flanks and rear, and without eliminating the overhanging Soviet troops from the north and south, the offensive of Army Group Center on Moscow was impossible.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

This version is confirmed by the fact that the German command abandoned the previously adopted plan for an offensive on Moscow by infantry armies.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

German command version


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

By the end of July 1941, the troops of Army Group Center occupied Yartsevo, Smolensk and Yelnya.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Since July 10, about 300,000 people have been captured in the battles for Polotsk, Vitebsk, Smolensk and Mogilev, more than 3,000 tanks and about the same number of guns have been captured.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The offensive of Army Groups North and South did not take place so quickly.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Therefore, on July 19, Hitler issued Directive No. 33, which ordered the transfer of the tank formations of the GA Center to the disposal of the North GA (Goth tank group) and the South GA (Guderian's tank group).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The offensive against Moscow was ordered to continue with the forces of infantry units.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

According to German commanders, this decision led to a delay in the offensive on Moscow and, ultimately, to the failure of the Barbarossa plan.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The commander of the 3rd tank group, Herman Goth, later wrote [19]:


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

This was a complete renunciation of the original plan — powerful forces concentrated in the center, to break through Smolensk to Moscow.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The “powerful forces” of the center, consisting of two tank groups and three field armies, were reduced to one field army.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Both tank groups, the main striking force, were moved one to the right and the other to the left.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

It is obvious that this circumstance contradicted the principle of attacking where the enemy is most weakened, that is, <... >, between Smolensk and Velikiye Luki in the direction of Rzhev.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

New battles on the Smolensk Bulge (August 1-21)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

At the end of July 1941, the command of the GA Center, having moved to defense in the central sector of the front, drew attention to its flanks.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On the southern flank, the German command decided to conduct first a limited operation in the Roslavl area, then in the Rogachev area, then defeat the Soviet troops in the Gomel area, and then use a 2 - th field army in actions against the Korosten group - the 5th Army of the South-Western Front.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The German command intended to use its mobile troops (2nd tank group) to encircle the Soviet South-Western Front east of the Dnieper in cooperation with the 1st tank group of the group Armies South.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On the northern flank, a new offensive of German troops was being prepared in the Velikiye Luki region.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The German offensive in the Velikiye Luki region, undertaken on August 2 by the forces of the left flank of the 9 Army, ended in failure.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Events on the southern flank developed much more successfully for the enemy.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 1, the offensive of Guderian's army group (2 army and 1 motorized corps, a total of 2 tank, 1 motorized and 7 infantry divisions) began in the Roslavl area.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Already on August 3, Roslavl was occupied, the Soviet troops of the task force of the 28 Army (2 rifle and 1 tank divisions) were surrounded.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

By August 6, the German operation was completed, the commander of the 28th Army, Lieutenant General V. ME.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Kachalov and his Chief of Staff, Major General P. G. Egorov was killed, according to the German command, 38,000 prisoners were taken prisoner, 250 tanks, 359 guns and other weapons were captured.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 8, a new offensive by Guderian's group against the Soviet 13th Army of the Central Front began.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

By August 14, the fighting in the Krichev-Miloslavichi area ended, as a result, the Soviet 45th Rifle Corps, the commander of the corps, Major General E.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

ME.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Magon is dead.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The German 2nd Tank Group continued to develop an offensive to the south on Unecha, Klintsy, Starodub.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

At the same time, on August 12, the 2 Field Army launched an offensive in the Gomel direction and in Polesie.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the area of Zhlobin and Rogachev, the 63 Infantry Corps of Lieutenant General L. G. Petrovsky, Petrovsky himself, appointed commander of the 21st Army on August 13, died.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Developing an offensive to the south, on August 19, 1941, the German 2nd Field Army took Gomel.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

As a result of the battles in the area of Zhlobin, Rogachev and Gomel, the German command reported the capture of 78,000 prisoners, 144 tanks and more than 700 guns.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

A breach was made in the defense of the Central Front, and the situation of the left-flank 3 Army worsened, which had to leave Mozyr on August 22.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

And at this time, on August 8, the 19th formation (Lieutenant General I. S. Konev) and 30th (Major General V. A. Khomenko) of armies resumed attacks in the direction of Dukhovshchina.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

And although another attempt by the Soviet troops to break through the enemy's defenses and enter the operational space was unsuccessful, the German command began to express concern about the fate of the Barbarossa plan.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 11, Franz Halder, Chief of the German General Staff, wrote in his diary:


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The general situation shows more and more clearly that the Colossus Russia, which deliberately prepared for war, despite all the difficulties inherent in countries with a totalitarian regime, was underestimated by us...


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 16, a new offensive began in the central sector of the Soviet-German front by the forces of the 30th (Major General V. A. Khomenko), 19th (Lieutenant General I. S. Konev), 16th (Major General K. K. Rokossovsky) and the 20th Armies (Lieutenant General M. F. Lukin) of the Western Front in order to defeat the enemy's spiritual grouping (9 Army).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

At the same time, attempts by part of the Reserve Front forces to defeat the Yelninsky group continued.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Only on August 21, unsuccessful attacks to eliminate the Yelninsky ledge were stopped.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The fourth stage of the Battle of Smolensk (August 22 — September 10)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 22, the Headquarters ordered the troops of the Western Front to continue the offensive launched on August 16.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

They were ordered to defeat the German 9 Army and reach the line Velizh, Demidov, Smolensk.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

At the same time, the troops of the left flank of the Reserve Front (24 and 43 armies) received an order to put an end to the enemy's Yelninsky grouping, seize Yelnya and, further striking in the direction of Pochinok, Roslavl, by September 8 to reach the line Dolgie Niva, Khislavichi, Petrovichi.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The idea of the Soviet Supreme Command Headquarters was to actively disrupt the advance of the troops of the right flank of Army Group Center in the southern direction.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 24, the Supreme Command decided on the advisability of combining the efforts of the troops operating against the German 2 Field Army and the 2 Tank Group advancing on Konotop and the Gomel direction.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

To this end, the Central Front was disbanded, its armies were transferred to the Bryansk Front, which now included the 50, 3, 13 and 21 armies.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The commander of the Bryansk Front, Lieutenant General A. AND. Eremenko was responsible for the defeat of the enemy group advancing to the south.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On the night of August 30, he was ordered to go on the offensive on Krichev, Propoisk, by September 15 to go to the front of Petrovichi, Shchors.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

This would mean the collapse of the right flank of GA “Center”.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

However, attempts by the fronts to comply with this directive of the Stakes did not succeed.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On the northern flank, the offensive of the 22 Army coincided in time with a new offensive by German troops in the Velikiye Luki region.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 25, the enemy captured Velikiye Luki and completed the encirclement of the 22 Army; only part of the troops managed to leave the encirclement.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 29, 1941, German troops captured Toropets.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In connection with the beginning of the German operation in the Velikiye Luki area, the offensive tasks of the Soviet 29 Army were canceled.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Nevertheless, the 30, 19, 16 and 20 armies of the Western Front launched an offensive on September 1, but could not break the enemy's resistance and advanced only a few kilometers.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On September 10, the attacks were stopped, and it was ordered to go on the defensive on the occupied lines (see Dukhovshinsky operation (1941)).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 30, two armies of the Reserve Front resumed their offensive: the 24th Army operated in the Yelninsky direction, the 43rd attacked Roslavl (see Yelninsky operation (1941)).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On September 5, the German 20 Army Corps, defending in the Yelninsky ledge, began to withdraw, and on September 6, Soviet troops occupied Yelnya.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

However, the Soviet troops could not advance further.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 30, the troops of the Bryansk Front launched an offensive, and the Roslavlsko-Novozybkov offensive began.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The 3 and 13 armies of the Bryansk Front, having suffered heavy losses in previous battles, could not build on their success, the most powerful 50 Army of the Bryansk Front, which attacked in the direction of Roslavl in cooperation with the 43 the Army of the Reserve Front, did not act against the 2 Tank Group, but against the 4 Army, which took up the defense.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

On August 31, an operative group of the Bryansk Front under the command of Major General A. N. Yermakova.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In a multi-day tank battle near Trubchevsk, Soviet troops could not reach the communications of the 2 tank group.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

It was also not possible to close the gap between the 21 and 13 armies, which increased to 60 km (on September 6, the 21 Army was transferred to the subordination of the South-Western Front).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

An air operation was planned and carried out in the Bryansk Front strip, in which 460 aircraft of the Air Force of the Bryansk and Reserve Fronts, the 1st Reserve Air Group and the Long-Range Bomber Aviation participated .


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The operation was led by Deputy Commander of the Soviet Army Air Force, General I. F. Petrov said.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the period from August 29 to September 4, the Air Force carried out more than 4,000 sorties.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

However, the results of the air operation were not fully used by the ground forces.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The transition to the defense of the troops of the Western, Reserve and Bryansk fronts on September 10 completed the Battle of Smolensk, huge in scope and tension.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Meanwhile, the 2nd Tank Group, repelling Soviet attacks, continued its offensive to the flank and rear of the Soviet South-Western Front.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

By September 10, its troops crossed the Desna, entered the operational space and on September 15 joined the 1st Tank Group of Army Group South in the Lokhvitsa area deep in the rear of the Soviet troops, surrounding the Kiev grouping of Soviet troops: troops of the 5, 21, 26 and 37 armies of the South-Western Front (see Fig.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Kiev operation (1941)).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The results of the battle


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The battle of Smolensk led to severe consequences for the Soviet side.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Having lost the last full-blooded mechanized corps in fruitless attacks, the Red Army stopped attempts to intercept the strategic initiative.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

As a result, in the fall of 1941, the Wehrmacht carried out grandiose operations to encircle and destroy entire fronts, in particular the South-Western (Kiev cauldron) and the Western (Vyazemsky boiler).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The battle of Smolensk became one of the bloodiest and most intense in 1941.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Soviet troops suffered heavy losses, and during the battle, a total of more than 700 thousand people were killed and wounded.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

As a result, the Red Army managed to delay for some time the advance of German units to Moscow, which led to a change in the original plans of the German command and had a direct impact to disrupt the Barbarossa plan.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The Supreme Command headquarters always set offensive tasks on the fronts, regardless of the situation.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The offensives were carried out without sufficient preparation, hastily, without the necessary material support, in the absence of sufficient information about the enemy.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

However, according to D. Glantz [20] “historians pay enough attention to two of these counter-offensive operations — July (late July) and August (mid-August), but surprisingly little interest in the third and the largest of the strategic operations carried out was the September one, that is, the counteroffensive of the Western, Reserve and Bryansk fronts on the Dukhovshinsky, Elninsky and Roslavlsko-Novozybkovsky directions”.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

He also emphasizes:


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

... the Red Army's counteroffensive near Smolensk in the period from July to early September was much more powerful and caused much more damage to Army Group Center than previously thought.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

After repelling the Soviet offensive and eliminating the forces of the South-Western Front in the Battle of Kiev, German troops resumed their offensive against Moscow (see Fig. Battle of Moscow).


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The birth of Soviet Guard


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The final stage of the Battle of Smolensk, the Yelninsky operation, is associated with the appearance of Guards units, formations and associations in the Red Army.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

In the autumn of 1941, for mass heroism, courage of personnel, high military skills shown during the bloody battles of the Battle of Smolensk, by decision of the Supreme Command Headquarters by order of the People's Commissar of Defense USSR of September 18, 1941 No. 308, four rifle divisions of the 100th, 127, 153 and 161 were renamed the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Guards.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

See also


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

List of operations of the armed forces of the USSR in World War II


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Lepel counterattack


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Battle for Moscow (film epic)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Notes


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Literature


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Dembritsky N. P.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The history of World War II 1939—1945.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

vol. 4.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Moscow: Voenizdat.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Cheremukhin K.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Shevchuk V.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Carell, Paul.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Hitler Moves East: 1941-1943.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

New York: Bantam Books,1966.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Clark, Allen.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Barbarossa: The Russian-German Conflict, 1941-45.New York: Quill, 1965.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Fugate, Bryan I.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Operation Barbarossa: Strategy and Tactics on the Eastern Front, 1941.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

California: Presiddio Press, 1984.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Glantz, David M. Initial Period of the War on the Eastern Front 22 June — August 1941.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

London: Frank Cass, 1997.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Glantz, David M. Stumbling Colossus: the Red Army on the Eve of World War.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1998.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Glantz, David M., House, Jonathan.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1995.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Guderian, Heinz.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Panzer Leader.New York: Ballantine, 1972.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Madej, Victor, Stanton, Shelby.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

The Smolensk Campaign: 11 July- 5 August 1941.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Strategy & Tactics No.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

New York: Simulations Publications, 1976


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Overy, Richard.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Russia's War: Blood Upon the Snow.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

New York: Penguin Putnam, 1997


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Salisbury, Harrison E. The Unknown War.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

New York: Bantam Books, 1978.


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

References


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Unknown parameter |deadlink= ignored (|dead-url= suggested) (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Category:Soviet strategic military operations


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Category: Defensive battles of the USSR (1941)


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Category: Battles involving Germany


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Category:Battles in Russia


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Category:1941 in Smolensk Oblast


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Category: July 1941


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Category: August 1941


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Category: September 1941


Question: What is the result of the Battle of Smolensk?

Battle of Smolensk (1941)

Category:The conflicts of 1941


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Horsepower (Russian designation: hp; English: 'hp'; German: 'PS'; French: 'CV') is an off-system unit of power.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

There are several units of measurement in the world called “horsepower”.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In Russia, as a rule, horsepower refers to the so-called “metric horsepower”, equal to exactly 735.49875 watts.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Currently, horsepower is formally withdrawn from use in Russia, but it is still used to calculate the transport tax and OSAGO.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In Russia and in many other countries, it is still very widespread in environments where internal combustion engines are used (cars, motorcycles, tractors, scythes, trimmers).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In the International System of Units (SI), the officially established unit of power measurement is watt.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In the English system of measures, the unit of power is considered to be pound-foot per second, but in reality it is no longer used in England, and extremely rarely used in the US.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML), in its recommendations, classifies metric horsepower as a unit of measurement “which should be withdrawn from circulation as soon as possible where they are currently in use and which should not be entered if they are not in use” [1].


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Horsepower Benchmarks


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In the Russian Federation, horsepower is set at 735.499 W [2].


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In most European countries, horsepower is defined as 75 kgf·m/s, that is, the power consumed when a load weighing 75 kg is uniformly lifted vertically at a speed of 1 meter per second at the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s²) [3].


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In this case, 1 hp is exactly 735.49875 watts, which is sometimes referred to as metric horsepower, although it is not part of the metric system of units.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In the US and the UK, the automotive industry is still more likely to equate horsepower to 745.69988145 W (designation English: hp), which is equal to 1.01386967887 metric horsepower.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The United States also uses electric horsepower and boiler horsepower (Boiler horsepower - used in industry and energy).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Ratios


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

To calculate the engine power in kilowatts, use the ratio of 1 kW = 1.3596 hp (1 hp = 0.73549875 kW).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

History


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Around 1789, Scottish engineer and inventor James Watt coined the term “horsepower” to show how many horses his steam engines could replace his work.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In particular, it is alleged that one of Watt's first machines was bought by a brewer to replace the horse that powered the water pump [4].


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

According to a popular legend, at the same time, the brewer decided to cheat, choosing the strongest horse and forcing it to work at the limit of his strength.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Watt accepted and even exceeded the figure received by the brewer, and the power of the built machine became the standard, despite the fact that the real power that the horse develops during normal operation during for a long time, much less — according to some estimates, by one and a half times.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

[5] [6]


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

At that time, in England, barrels ranging from 140.9 to 190.9 liters were used to lift coal, water and people from mines. There was (and still is) a unit of volume barrel (unit of volume) based on the mass of a typical barrel (English: barrel) with a load that weighed 380 pounds (1 pound = 0.4536 kg), that is, 1 barrel = 172.4 kg.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Naturally, only two horses could pull such a barrel out by the rope thrown over the block.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The force of an average working horse during 8 hours of work is 15% of its weight or 75 kgf with a horse weight of 500 kg. In 8 hours, the horse can walk 28.8 km with such effort at a speed of 3.6 km/h (1 m/s).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Watt observed the traditional source of energy, the horse, and concluded that a 180 kg barrel could be pulled out of the mine by two horses at a speed of 2 mph (3.6 km/h).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In this case, horsepower in English measures takes the form of 1 hp = 1/2 barrel · 2 mph = 1 barrel · mile/h (here the barrel is taken as a unit of force, not mass).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The same in smaller units is 380 pounds per 88 ft/min, which is approximately 755 watts.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

After rounding his calculations in pound-feet per minute, he decided that the horsepower would be 33,000 pound-feet per minute (about 745 watts).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Watt's calculations related to the horse's power averaged over a long time.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

For a short time, the horse can develop a power of about 1000 kgf·m/s, which corresponds to 9.8 kW or 33,475 BTU/h (boiler horsepower).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

At the Second Congress of the British Science Association in 1882, a new unit of power was adopted, watt (designation: W, W), named after James Watt (Watt), the creator of the universal steam engine.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Prior to this, most calculations used horsepower introduced by James Watt.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Engine power


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

For car engine power, there are not only different units of measurement, but also different measurement methods that give different results.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The standard method of measuring power adopted in Europe uses kilowatts.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

If the power is given in horsepower, the measurement methods may differ from country to country (even if the same horsepower is used).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The US and Japan use their own standards for determining engine horsepower, but they have long been almost completely unified with others.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

There are two types of indicators in both America and Japan:


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Net measurement


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Net engine power measurement (Italian: netto — net,).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

It provides for bench testing of the engine equipped with all auxiliary units necessary for the operation of the vehicle: generator, muffler, fan, etc.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Gross measurement


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

It involves bench testing of an engine that is not equipped with additional units necessary for the operation of the vehicle: a generator, a cooling system pump, and so on.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Gross power above net power by 10-20% or more than before the establishment of the federal standard in 1972 was widely used by North American car manufacturers, overestimating engine power.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

DIN measurement


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The method of measuring the power of the German Institute for Standardization (Deutsche Industrie Normen, DIN) provides for bench testing of the engine with “inseparable” equipment, which is necessarily present on car.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Inseparable equipment in this method is considered to be a cooling fan, a cooling pump, an oil and fuel pump, and a generator that does not have a load.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The tests are carried out without an air filter and silencer.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

ECE Measurement


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Horsepower in transport taxation


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Russia


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In Russia, the amount of the transport tax depends on the horsepower of the engine.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The conversion to horsepower is done by multiplying the engine power, expressed in kW, by a factor of 1.35962 (that is, a conversion factor of 1 hp = (1/1.35962) kW is used).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Although the issue is not regulated by law, the tax authorities advise rounding up to the second decimal place when recalculating into non-system power units (hp) [7].


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Each region has the right to increase or decrease the amount of tax within the limits of federal norms.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

If the power is less than 100 hp, then, for example, in the Moscow region, 7 rubles/liter is paid.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

with. per year, and if a little more, it is already 29 rubles/liter.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

with. per year.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Moreover, from 101 hp to 150 hp, the tax rate is the same.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Thus, due to different power values, the price changes from less than 700 to several thousand rubles per year.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

This fact leads to annoying curiosities.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Thus, the power of the South Korean Hyundai Accent car is strictly 75 kW, that is, 102 hp. For an American car owner, it would be an even more offensive figure of 100.7 hp, but in the US, the tax does not depend on horsepower.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In the US, some taxes (road, environmental) are included in the price of gasoline, and personal property tax must be paid annually, which is directly proportional to the price of the car.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Other countries


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In the past, in some countries (for example, the UK, Germany, Belgium, France, Spain), the transport tax depended on horsepower.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Some countries abandoned the use of power in taxation (for example, in the UK in the forties, car dimensions were used instead of power), others (for example, France ), instead of horsepower, kilowatts began to be used.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

From those times, the expressions “Caballo fiscal” and “Cheval fiscal” remained.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

In addition to using horsepower in calculating the transport tax, this type of power unit is also used in insurance in the Russian Federation.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Namely, when calculating the insurance premium for compulsory civil liability insurance of vehicle owners (colloquially, “car insurance”).


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Designation on machines


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

For cars, the designation of power on the body is extremely rare, but it is more common on trucks and tractors.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

On European-type trucks, including some Russian ones, horsepower is indicated on the cab either above the front axle wheel niche or on the front of the cab.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

On power generators, the power of an internal combustion engine is indicated by Latin letters HP, for example, 5HP.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

The electric power of the generator is usually noticeably less.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Scania P320 truck with 320 hp


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Volvo FH 12, on the cab a little further from the door there is an environmental class Euro-5 and a capacity of 480 hp.


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

See also


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Nominal power


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Kilowatt


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Tax horsepower


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Engine volume


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Engine configuration


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Notes


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Category:Car Theory


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Category:Power units


Question: In what unit is the power of the engines in cars measured?

Horsepower

Category:Internal combustion engine


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Nave, or ship [1] (French: nef, from Latin: navis - ship) is an elongated room, part of the interior (usually in basilica-type buildings), bounded on one or both longitudinal sides by a row of columns or pillars separating it from neighboring naves [2].


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

etymology


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The word “nave” comes from the Latin navis - “ship”.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Presumably, this name was supposed to emphasize the importance of the main space of the temple, since the ship was one of the symbols of the Christian Church [3] [4].


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

It may also reflect the similarity of this part of the temple to the inverted hull of the ship [5].


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

History


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The division of the interior into naves by a number of supports arose in ancient Greek temples.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

In ancient Roman architecture, a number of parallel naves consisted of the interiors of civil buildings — basil.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Since the 4th century, the type of basilica was borrowed for Christian churches, and the nave became a common element of Christian architecture.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The naves are divided into both the interior of basil temples, which became widespread in the Middle Ages in Western Europe in the Catholic tradition, and the interiors of many cross-domed churches, which appeared and became widespread in the architecture of Eastern Christian countries and Byzantium.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Unlike the altar, choirs and presbytery, which are intended exclusively for the clergy and choir, the nave is the part of the church in which laity could stay [4].


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Early Christian churches could have 3 or 5 naves (usually an odd number), the central nave was always wider and higher.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Windows illuminating the interior were made in the upper part of its walls.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The naves were covered with a flat wooden ceiling [4].


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

In the Middle Ages, the naves of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals began to be covered with stone vaults.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The middle nave was usually made higher, but there were churches with naves of the same size.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Their interiors are called hall interiors, such buildings are not basilicas in the strict sense of the word, but also consist of a number of naves.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The division of the interior into naves has been preserved as a common technique during the Renaissance, Baroque and Classicism.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Architectural solutions


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

In addition to the longitudinal ones, the naves are transverse - the so-called transepts.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

In early Christian basilicas, the transept finished the building from the altar side.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Later, in the basilicas, the transept moved closer to the middle of the building, forming a cross with the central nave.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The center of such temples can be crowned with a tower or a dome.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

In cross-domed temples, longitudinal and transverse naves can be of the same length, forming an equilateral cross.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

In some centric temples, naves may become poorly expressed, which does not always allow this term to be used to describe the interior of a cross-domed church.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

As in ancient Roman architecture, naves can also be used in secular structures: for example, the library of the Monastery of San Marco in Florence (1431—1441) was decided in the form of a three-nave hall [6].


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Many underground stations of the Moscow Metro are designed as three-nave halls, sometimes with a dedicated central nave.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Illustrations


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The vaulted nave of the Romanesque church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The nave of the medieval Gothic cathedral with rib vaults


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

5th century with a later finish.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The difference in width and height between the central and side naves is clearly visible.


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

The central nave of the Basilica of San Paolo fuori le Mura


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Notes


Question: What is a nave?

Nave

Literature