Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Royal Dutch Shell in Alaska


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Shell has been trying for years to obtain government permission to drill in Alaska waters.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Before starting field development, it needs to obtain a number of permits from various departments.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

For example, from the port of Seattle, where the company's tankers dock.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Finally, on May 11, 2015, US President Barack Obama's administration allowed Shell to start drilling oil wells in Arctic waters off the coast of Alaska, CNN reported [37].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

According to estimates by the US Department of the Interior, Alaskan fields can provide more than 20 billion barrels of oil and 2.5 trillion cubic meters of natural gas.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

If it uses the permit, it will be the only company that is allowed to produce oil in Alaska.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

In response to the objections of environmentalists to Shell's presence in the region, the Ministry of Internal Affairs said that they had carefully reviewed the technical issues of Shell's application for drilling.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Criticism


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

In 1995, when Shell announced its intention to flood the Brent Spar oil rig in the North Sea, millions of drivers boycotted the corporation's gas stations while the concern did not concede [38].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Africa


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

In early 1996, Shell, as the largest oil producer in Nigeria, was charged with collaborating with the military regime in that country, which led to the physical elimination of the poet Ken Saro-Wiwa — oil rig fighter [39].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

The lawsuits were brought against Shell and Brian Anderson, head of its Nigerian branch [40].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

In 2009, Shell agreed to pay $15.5 million to settle a legal dispute.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Shell did not accept any liability for the charges against it. [


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

In 2009, Shell was the subject of a report by Amnesty International on human rights violations as a consequence of Shell's activities in the Niger Delta.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

In particular, Amnesty criticizes the continued flaring of associated gas and Shell's slow response to oil spills [42].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

43] Documents from 2009 show that Shell regularly makes payments to the Nigerian military to prevent protests. [43]


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Shell's activities in the Niger Delta have led to extreme environmental pollution.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Many of Shell's oil pipelines in the area are old and rusted.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

This has led to numerous oil spills in this area, which led to environmental degradation, destruction of vegetation and fish.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Shell has recognized the problem with oil pipelines, but denies responsibility for environmental pollution [44].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

This led to mass protests against Shell residents in the Niger Delta and Amnesty International [45].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

America


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Shell is also responsible for the world's largest freshwater oil spill ever to occur.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

On 15 January 1999, a Shell tanker in Lake Magdalena, Argentina, collided with another tanker, causing all its contents to flow into the lake, polluting the environment, drinking water, death of vegetation and animals [46].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Ireland and Russia


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

In Russia, there were environmental troubles during the Sakhalin-2 project, and there was controversy in Ireland during a project to develop natural gas on the northern coast of the island.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

In 2007, the international society “” stated that the damage caused by Shell's oil production activities, both local communities and globally, could be estimated at $20 billion [47].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Production in the Arctic


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Since 1988, the Kulluk drilling vessel has been located near Alaska in the Beaufort Sea, where an artificial island called Northstar was built with an oil well located on it [48] [49].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

The company recognizes the danger of pack ice and notes: “No one yet really knows how to purify oil from floating ice massifs and broken ice” [50].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

In July 2012, Greenpeace activists blocked 53 Schell gas stations in Edinburgh and London to protest against the company's plans to drill oil wells in the Arctic.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

The Greenpeace Protect the Arctic movement aims to prevent oil drilling and commercial fishing in the Arctic and achieve recognition of the Arctic as a natural area of international importance [51].


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Sponsorships and charitable activities


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Shell oil company is one of the largest investors in social projects in West Africa (the Niger Delta).


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

The concern spends almost 60 million euros a year in this impoverished region in southern Nigeria on the maintenance of schools and health facilities.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Shell is one of the largest investors in solar power plants in Europe and Japan.


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Notes


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

References


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

on the Securities and Exchange Commission website (in English)


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

(in English)


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Category:Oil and gas companies in the UK


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Category:Oil and gas companies of the Netherlands


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Category:UK chemical companies


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Category:Chemical companies in the Netherlands


Question: Where is Royal Dutch Shell headquartered?

Royal Dutch Shell

Category:Multinationals


Question: How many cities are there in Canada?

Cities of Canada by population

Below is a list of the 100 largest cities (or municipalities) in Canada by population according to the 2006 Census by Census Unit.


Question: How many cities are there in Canada?

Cities of Canada by population

For the main Canadian agglomerations (groups of municipalities), see List of Canada's 100 largest agglomerations.


Question: How many cities are there in Canada?

Cities of Canada by population

References


Question: How many cities are there in Canada?

Cities of Canada by population

population


Question: How many cities are there in Canada?

Cities of Canada by population

Category:Population of Canada


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Leonid Lvovich (German: v. Körber) (, St. Petersburg —, Moscow) was a Soviet aircraft designer and specialist in the field of aviation equipment.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Deputy General Designer A. N. Tupolev on equipment.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Laureate of the Stalin (1952) and Lenin (1957) Prizes.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He is the author of the first book about Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev and the Tupolev “sharaga” — the Central Design Bureau-29 of the NKVD, which was distributed in the USSR in the form of samizdat.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

A hereditary nobleman, a representative of the German-Baltic spiritual and aristocratic family Körber.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Evangelical Lutheran faith.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Biography


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Leonid Kerber was born in St. Petersburg on Vasilyevsky Island, was the second son in the family of naval officer Ludwig Berngardovich Kerber and his wife Olga Fedorovna (ur. von Schulz).


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

I rarely saw my father when I was a child.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

All these years, holding various positions in the Navy, Ludwig Kerber either participated in wars, or was on months of voyages and business trips.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Together with his younger brother, Leonid was brought up by his mother and older brother Viktor, who partially replaced his father with him.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In 1913, after a year of study at Karl May Gymnasium in Germany, he entered the First Cadet Corps.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

After studying there for four years, in 1917 he transferred to the Naval Cadet Corps.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

After the October Revolution, due to the disbandment of the Naval Corps in March 1918, he was forced to interrupt its formation for a long time.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Soon, with his mother and younger brother (his father was in London at that time, and his elder brother at the front) was expelled by revolutionary sailors from an apartment on the 10th line of Vasilyevsky Island and moved to Luga, where the family settled near the sister and brother of his mother who lived there, retired Vice Admiral M. F. Schultz.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Leonid got a job as a volunteer at the Luga Artillery Range, but soon, despite the fact that he was only 15 years old, he was drafted into the Red Army.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

On the fronts of the Civil War, he fought as part of the artillery division of the 4th Petrograd Infantry Division, renamed in April 1919 into the 11th Rifle Division.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He participated in the battles against Yudenich, then in the Polish campaign as part of the 15th Army of Cork.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

After the 15th Army on the outskirts of Warsaw was defeated, Leonid was surrounded and, with scattered units of his division, retreated to Russia with battles.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

With the end of the war, the division was stationed in Petrograd, where in March 1921 it participated in the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

As it turned out many years later, Leonid Kerber was attacking his cousin Alexander on the ice of the Gulf of Finland.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In the same year, he was demobilized and settled in Taganrog with his elder brother Viktor, where he helped him enter the aircraft plant.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

However, in March 1922, his brother was transferred to Moscow.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Leonid also moved to the capital with him.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He got a job as a labourer at the Trekhgorny Brewery and at the same time decided to complete his secondary education at the Workers' Faculty.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

L. AND. Mandelstam.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The choice of the educational institution was not accidental.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Having received primary technical education at the workers' faculty, Leonid applied to the Air Force Academy.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Zhukovsky.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

A long way to aviation


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Everything was going well and it seemed that Leonid would soon be able to call himself an aviation engineer, but one of the members of the admission committee, a former sailor from the Baltic V. S. Voitov [1] suddenly asked a question:


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

“He asked me who my father was.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It was useless to darken.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

And I said,


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

- Navy officer.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

“How, how, I had the honor to be familiar with him,” said Voitov, “he served on the battleship Gangut as a foreman of the first article.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Admiral Kerber was the harsh chief, but he slipped out of our hands.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

We would definitely lift him up on the ray.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

I had to retire”


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Instead of the academy, in connection with reaching draft age, in January 1925, L. Kerber was back in military service.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The fact that for two years he served in the Red Army and fought on the fronts of the Civil War, was not taken into account.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

But there was a plus.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

As a graduate of the workers' faculty, he began to be trained according to the program of the junior commander of the Red Army reserve


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

On the one hand, this reduced his service life to 1 year, and on the other hand, Leonid was sent to the 1st Radio Regiment (Radio Intelligence Regiment) in Vladimir [2], where he received the specialties of radio mechanics and radio telegraph operator.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The level of training was very high.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Suffice it to say that he trained for these specialties in the regiment together with the future famous polar radio operator E.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

T. Krenkel and scout R. AND. Abel.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

After being demobilized in the spring of 1926, L. Kerber tried to enter the flight school, but was again refused.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Now my eyesight has failed.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He was forced to work as a labourer for several months, until, under the patronage of his cousin, Deputy Head of the Main Directorate of the Red Army V. E.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Garf, did not get a job as a locksmith in the laboratory of the Scientific and Testing Institute of Communications (NIIS) of the Red Army.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

As it soon became clear, Wilhelm Garf not only helped his brother with his work, but in fact determined his entire future fate.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

A few months later, in 1928, at the suggestion of the head of the radio receivers department I. M. Mileikovsky [3] Leonid was transferred to design work on the creation of a radio direction finder.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Under the leadership of S. AND. Andreev, he participated in the development of HF radio direction finders for front-line and army radio reconnaissance: 55PK-1, 55PK-2, 55PK-3 [4], and then, in 1929, installed and tested them along the western border - in troops of the Kiev Military District.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In 1930, together with S. AND. Andreev and N. A. Korbansky on the instructions of the Aviation Industry L. Kerber participated in the creation of the first aviation radio direction finder APR-1 [5], which, after tests, was installed on TB-3 (ANT-6) bombers in Khabarovsk.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Here he met A. N. Tupolev.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Remaining an employee of the NIIS of the Red Army, L. Kerber in 1934 was attracted by A. N. Tupolev to equip ANT-25 radio navigation equipment (RD or Range Record).


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The requirements were extremely high, since this particular aircraft was prepared for future flights by V. P. Chkalov, then M. M. Gromov across the North Pole to America [6].


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It was then that Andrei Nikolaevich remembered the young radio engineer, which he liked a few years ago.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In the process of preparing the vehicle for expeditions across the North Pole, as part of the crew of M. M. Gromova L. Kerber made several flights of equal range from Moscow to Chita.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

All the equipment was perfectly tuned, the antennas took the most rational location.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In 1937, this was especially noted first by V. P. Chkalov after a historic non-stop flight from Moscow across the North Pole to Vancouver, and a month later M. M. Gromov, who made a similar flight to San Jacinto [7].


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Simultaneously with ANT-25 L. Kerber had to equip another aircraft, the DB-A (Academy long-range bomber).


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

This four-engine aircraft was created at the Zhukovsky Academy of V. F. Bolkhovitinov, Ya.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

M. Kuritskes [8] and Leonid's wife's father M. M. Shishmarev.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It is interesting that V. F. Bolkhovitinova was represented by L. Kerber is not his father-in-law, but aircraft designer Amik Yengibaryan.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Then he said literally the following words: “This man can do anything. If necessary, he will replace the co-driver. In addition to being an excellent radio operator, he is also a specialist in all aircraft electrical equipment.” The bomber was built for long-range flights with a large bomb load, but it was not supposed to be set records.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Moreover, the aircraft has not yet completed the entire range of factory tests, when it was in May 1937 by S. A. Levanevsky chose for his flight across the North Pole.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

As it turned out, the famous ace simply did not trust the single-engine ANT-25 Tupolev.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The creators of the aircraft considered the decision to fly in an unprepared car with an unjustified risk, but to dissuade S. A. Levanevsky could not.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Motivating the short deadlines left for training, they only managed to include the crew of radio operator L. Kerber, who participated in the installation, adjustment and testing of all aircraft equipment.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In his new capacity, Leonid quickly completed all the activities on the H-209 (as DB-A was now called), but unexpectedly, a few days before the launch scheduled for August 12, 1937, he was replaced personal radio operator S. A. Levanevsky — N. ME.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Galkovsky.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The fate of the H-209 and its crew is well known.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It disappeared without a trace in the Arctic, having only managed to report the failure of one of the engines.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

There are two versions of the reason for replacing the radio operator on the eve of the tragic flight.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

B.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

E.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Chertok is convinced that this is the hand of the NKVD, which he undoubtedly wrote in his memoirs: “Among the thousands of stories related to repression, there was one with a happy ending when the arrest saved a life. Kerber was withdrawn from the crew of the H-209 in July so that he could be arrested in August. After completing a shortened course of hellish sciences “The Gulag Archipelago”, he returned to his favorite job in the Tupolev team.” The academician's opinion does not fit very well with the fact that L. Kerber was in radio contact with the aircraft during this dramatic flight.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In addition, in fact, he was fired from the NIIS of the Red Army not immediately, but at the end of the fall of 1937.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He was arrested almost a year later, in May 1938.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Another version of resignation looks more plausible — personal antipathy of S. A. Levanevsky to Kerber's wit.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Leonid Lvovich himself wrote about the arrogant and not always friendly communication between Sigismund Alexandrovich and the crew in his memoirs.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

By the way, it was L. L. Kerber, who almost until the last day participated in the preparation for the flight, and then provided communication with the board, was most convenient to “hang” this tragedy, but even after the arrest, the NKVD investigators did not charged him with such charges.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

For the rest of his life, L. L. Kerber was convinced that if he was flying, the trouble would not have happened.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

During the years of repression.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Stalinist aviation “sharaga” of the Central Design Bureau-29 of the NKVD


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

After the death of S. A. Levanevsky Kerber continued to work for some time at the NIIP, where dismissals and arrests had already begun.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He was removed from office and dismissed from the institute on October 23, 1937.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Arrest in such cases was supposed to be very soon, but time passed.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

There is already a fragile hope that L. Kerber was forgotten... After many hours of night search, he was brought to Lubyanka on the morning of May 1, 1938, when columns of a festive demonstration were already beginning to gather on the streets of Moscow.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The investigation was conducted with the use of all means of intimidation.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Since May 10, L. L. Kerber — Commander W. E.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Garf, Leonid Lvovich did not know about this.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

But the brother, who was charged with the “execution” article, certainly knew, but did not say anything to the NKVD investigators and thus saved his life.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In June, L. L. Kerber was transferred to Butyrki, where by the end of 1938 the investigation was completed.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

As it turned out, even for the disenfranchised time when investigators of the Yezhov NKVD most often limited themselves to knocking out confessions on absurd charges, the evidence collected against L. L. Kerber and which served as the basis for his accusation under Articles 58-7 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, turned out to be extremely weak.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The great inventor, taking advantage of the ignorance of investigators, he admitted to such technical sabotage, which from the point of view of elementary physics looked complete absurd.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Two and a half years later, this will help him, but in November 1938 Leonid Lvovich was sentenced to eight years in camps.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

A few days later, a stage was formed in the Lefortovo prison and its long journey began to one of the centers of the Gulag — Arkhangelsk, or rather to one of the centers of the Gulag, which was thirty km away.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

from him Kuloylag [9].


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In the Stalinist camp system, the logging Kuloylag was characterized by a particularly difficult situation for prisoners.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Suffice it to say that in the late 1930s, it turned out to be the absolute leader in terms of mortality.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In 1938 and 1939, every fourth “convict” died here during the year.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Kuloylag consisted of several departments.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The center of the Primorsky lag post, where L. L. Kerber was located in the village of Chasovenskaya, Kholmogorsky district.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Leonid Lvovich was lucky.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He was assigned a cartographer on a special expedition consisting of the same imprisoned specialists.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Their task was to conduct survey work for the sections of light dams on numerous tributaries of Lodma, Kolozma and Kuloy, in order to accumulate water during the melting of snow for the subsequent rafting of the forest.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

So far unsuspecting L. L. Kerber was at a logging site in the forests near Arkhangelsk, his fate was decided far near Moscow in the small village of Bolshevo.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

And it was decided by the patriarch of Soviet aircraft construction A. N. Tupolev said.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Back in 1938, the NKVD began to gather the country's leading aircraft designers and aviation engineers here.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

All of them were previously arrested and convicted of sabotage, some for espionage, some for anti-Soviet activities.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The charges were most often based on fictitious facts, but all the terms were quite realistic.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Distributed among four brigades, the prisoners were tasked with creating four aircraft, with the subsequent organization of their mass production.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

These aircraft were to become the basis of bomber and fighter aircraft of the Soviet state.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

One of these brigades was led by a convict under Article 58 A. N. Tupolev said.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

First of all, he was instructed to prepare lists of aviation specialists necessary to solve the problem.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Andrei Nikolayevich acted very cautiously and included in the lists only those who had already been arrested and were somewhere in the Gulag camps.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

This is how L. L. Kerber.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

After spending a little more than a year in Kuloylag, Leonid Lvovich was transferred to Moscow at the beginning of 1940.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Unexpectedly, he found himself in the “Tupolevskaya Sharaga”, which was officially called the Central Design Bureau-29 of the NKVD.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

By the time it appeared, the sharaga had already moved from Bolshev to Moscow.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In the KOSOS building [10] on the street. The radio was both a prison and offices.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

From that moment on, all further labor activity of L. L. Kerber, first in prison, and then at large, was inextricably linked with the name of A. N. Tupolev.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

At TsKB-29, the Tupolev brigade worked on the project of a dive twin-engine bomber, codenamed “product 103".


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

L. L. Kerber was responsible for equipping the aircraft with electrical and radio equipment.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

As a prisoner, he worked here for a year and a half and was unexpectedly released in May 1941.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Unlike many comrades, Leonid Lvovich was not amnestied, but was found not guilty following the results of the review of the case.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Several factors played a role.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Firstly, the review of cases itself became possible only after the removal and execution of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Yezhov and the coming to the leadership of the NKVD L. P. Beria.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Secondly, the tireless activity of Leonid Lvovich's wife E.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

M. Shishmareva.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

All these years, she broke the thresholds of investigators, looked for intercessors for her husband.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Thus, at the request of Elizaveta Mikhailovna, many “Stalinist falcons” signed a guarantee for Leonid Lvovich, including G. F. Baidukov, S. A. Danilin V. S. Grizodubova.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Thirdly, the lack of a strict evidence base in the Kerber investigation case and the gross technical contradictions that it contained were important [11].


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The release almost did not affect the situation of Leonid Lvovich.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

As a freelance worker, he continued to work at TsKB-29, with the only difference being that he could sometimes come home for the night.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

With the outbreak of the war, in the summer of 1941, the Central Design Bureau-29 was evacuated to Omsk, where work on the Tu-2 (the official name of the product is “103") continued.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

By winter, it was possible to launch serial production of the bomber here.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

However, by order of Stalin, in connection with the reprofiling of the Omsk Aircraft Plant, the production of the Tu-2 in 1942 was temporarily suspended.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In the summer of 1943, TsKB-29 returned to Moscow.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

By this time, all employees of the Tupolevskaya Sharaga were released, but the staff was almost completely preserved.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Various modifications of the Tu-2 (Tu-2R, Tu-2D) were created, where there was a lot of work on equipment.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

By the beginning of 1944, production of the bomber had resumed, and it played a very prominent role in the final stage of the war.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

For his participation in the creation and testing of this aircraft in front-line conditions, L. L. Kerber was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I degree.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Deputy General Designer


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Immediately after the end of the war, the Tupolev Design Bureau began work on the first strategic bomber, which was later called the Tu-4.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

On Stalin's instructions, it was necessary to repeat the American B-29 bomber, which went down in history as the plane from which atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Actually, in the interests of the Soviet nuclear program, the USSR also needed a long-range bomber.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In Stalin's understanding, the Soviet aircraft was supposed to be an exact copy of the American one, repeating it in great detail.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

A. N. Tupolev realized that this was almost impossible, but he gave his consent.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He only drew the attention of the head of state to the need to attract a huge number of related plants owned by different departments, and received the right to issue tasks to them directly, bypassing administrative obstacles.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The designers had at their disposal three American B-29s that at different times made emergency landings in the Soviet Far East and remained on the territory of the USSR.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In the process of dismantling one of the machines, A. N. Tupolev said literally the following:


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It seemed that Soviet technologies outdated during the war would not allow this to be done.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Suffice it to say that radar stations for various purposes alone, as well as synchronous tracking systems for mobile rifle mounts on the B-29, had a dozen options.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Their design, like almost all other equipment, turned out to be completely unfamiliar to Soviet designers, and the domestic industry had never produced anything like this.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Through A. N. Tupolev, his employees and, in many respects, L. L. Kerber in the shortest possible time established horizontal ties with more than 900 related organizations.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Thanks to the Tu-4, it was possible to significantly stimulate the domestic industry, primarily radio electronics.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Of course, it was not possible to repeat the American bomber as Stalin formulated the task, but at the risk of causing the anger of the leader, A. N. Tupolev did not seek this.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

As a result, with great differences, primarily in equipment, the Tu-4 was not inferior functionally at all, and even surpassed its prototype in a number of positions.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

According to A. N. Tupolev, 50% success was ensured by the Kerber brigade.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The bomber, which became the first domestic carrier of nuclear weapons, was built by the appointed date and launched into production.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The main merit of the Tu-4 was that thanks to it, in the first post-war years, it was largely possible to overcome the technological gap with the United States [7].


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Following the Tu-4, which became the last piston aircraft of A. N. Tupolev (except for the Tu-85, which never went into production), began the era of jet and turbojet aircraft, where the role of equipment increased significantly.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It was at the Tupolev Design Bureau that the post of Deputy General Designer for Equipment was first created in 1952.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It was rightfully occupied by L. L. Kerber.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In this position, he participated in equipping all aircraft of his Design Bureau.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The last was the famous Tu-144 supersonic jet liner.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In the line of military and civilian aircraft of the Tupolev Design Bureau, one of the most important for L. L. Kerber turned out to be a Tu-114 airliner.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

With this aircraft, the era of digital technologies in aviation began.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The Tu-114 was created in the first half of the 50s, i.e.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

in those years when S. A. Lebedev created Europe's first Small Electronic Counting Machine.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

One of the first to realize the whole prospect of computers (even such a term did not exist yet), Leonid Lvovich managed to equip the Tu-114 with a backup navigation system based on a specially created on his instructions, the domestic on-board digital computer (BCVM) [7].


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In 1965, Leonid Lvovich presented the Tu-114 at the Le Bourget Air Show.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In 1966, while fully loyal to his boss, L. L. Kerber was the only one who openly opposed the transfer of A. N. Tupolev of the OKB leadership to his son A. A. Tupolev.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The Patriarch did not agree with the opinion of his deputy, and Leonid Lvovich was forced to write a letter of resignation.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Doctor of Technical Sciences with (Rabfakov education), he gave lectures on aircraft equipment to students at the MAI for some time, but his main business was literary creativity.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Kerber lived a long life and died on October 9, 1993 at the age of 90.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He was buried at Golovinskoye Cemetery.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Interesting facts


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

IN THE USSR L. L. Kerber was one of the pioneers in the introduction of radio in aviation.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He may not have known that he was following in the footsteps of his own uncle K. F. Schultz, who on the eve of the Russo-Japanese War was the first to equip ships of the Russian Navy with radio communications.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

K. F. Schultz died when Leonid Lvovich was less than a year old.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

A funny episode with the Tu-114 took place in September 1959. All tests of the liner, including the new digital navigation system, have not yet been completed, but First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N. S. Khrushchev decided to fly on an official visit to the United States on this particular plane.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

A situation similar to the tragedy with DB-A, when S. A. Levanevsky flew in a “raw” car.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

A. N. Tupolev was forced to obey, but ensured that L. L. Kerber.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The return flight from Washington took place on September 27, 1959.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

On this day, a powerful magnetic storm was recorded, caused by a strong outbreak of solar activity.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The magnetic compass immediately stopped working, and there was practically no radio communication.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The co-pilot of the ship M. A. Nyukhtikov, who was flying the aircraft at that time, was forced to navigate exclusively on the new navigation system, which worked flawlessly and thus received its “baptism of fire”.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The flight and landing were successful.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Perhaps this is the only case in history when a test flight, in fact, was carried out with the head of state on board [7] [12].


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

During the tests of the Tu-95 strategic bomber, an event occurred that could have ended in the death of both the aircraft with the crew, and the entire project.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

More recently, on May 11, 1953, the outstanding test pilot A. D. A flight and the death of the second one would put an end to this machine.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

During the next flight, the landing gear did not come out.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Urgently arrived from Moscow A. N. Tupolev L. L. Kerber with a team of engineers from his department.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

After analyzing the situation, Kerber ordered flight engineer A. M. Ter-Hakobyan completely de-energize the car.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

This was a very risky decision, as the plane was temporarily left without radio communication with the ground.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

After connecting the network, the relay that locked the chassis worked.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It wasn't an accidental hit.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The relay defect was calculated by Kerber's team on the ground.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The plane made a normal landing [13].


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The book about the Central Design Bureau-29 NKVD was written by L. L. Kerber for his loved ones, which is called “on the table”.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In the 1960s, it was unrealistic to publish it.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

However, the book began to be distributed in the form of “samizdat”.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Leonid Lvovich was not the initiator of the fact that, printed on a typewriter, she began to walk hand in hand.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

He only handed the manuscript to a familiar typist, who was supposed to print four copies.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

But it turned out to be the fifth.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It was he who began to pass from hand to hand.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

This was the typist's initiative.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

She only hid the author's name.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Gradually, the number of copies grew.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It remains unknown how one of them ended up in West Germany, in the publishing house “Posev”.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Under the title “Tupolevskaya Sharaga”, the first edition without specifying the author was published by the Posev publishing house in Frankfurt am Main in 1971.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Two years later, the same publishing house published a second edition.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

This time, the author's name was on the cover: “G. Ozerov”.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It was not a pseudonym, because Kerber did not choose him, and the publishing house did not agree with him on the publication.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Georgy Alexandrovich Ozerov is a real person, one of the leading employees of A. N. Tupolev, who also published memories of him, however, about an earlier period of his life.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

The Posev publishing house considered that they had correctly identified the author, apparently based on the fact that the last chapter of the book ended with his last name:


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

“According to the report of the NKVD board, the Government of the Union, taking into account the conscientious work of the following specialists on aircraft (follows the list of aircraft), decides to release from custody:


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

1. Aleksey Mikhailovich Cheremukhin


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

2. Georgy Ozerov...


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It lists all 18.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

So, on a hot August day in 1941, we found our freedom...”


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Obviously, “for conspiracy”, in the second edition of Sharagi.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

where the name G. Ozerov, the publishers changed this last phrase in the text of the chapter and the name of Georgy Alexandrovich Ozerov disappeared.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

In the last years of his life, a sincere friendship connected Leonid Lvovich with the famous Soviet marine writer V. IN. Konetsky.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

For several years of very close correspondence, they did not have to meet.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Many information from the history of the family, facts from the biography of L. L. Kerber, especially those not related to his professional activities, became known from these letters to a friend.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

It turned out that Viktor Viktorovich carefully preserved them and after the death of Leonid Lvovich published his works in the 7th volume of Echo.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

They compiled an entire chapter entitled “It is not the world that is small, but the layer is thin” [14].


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

family


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

mother Olga Fedorovna ur.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

von Schulz (1866—1942);


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

wife Elizaveta Mikhailovna Shishmareva (1904—1996) - daughter of Major General of Aviation, aircraft designer, Professor M. M. Shishmarev;


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

son Mikhail Leonidovich (1932);


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

son Lev Leonidovich (1937-1993);


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

grandfather: Bernhard Avgustovich Kerber (1837-1915) - Doctor of Medicine, Professor at the University of Dorpat;


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

grandfather: Fedor Bogdanovich von Schulz (1820-1880) — Rear Admiral;


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

brother: Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber (1894—1970) - one of the first Russian naval pilots, aircraft designer of the Design Bureau D. P. Grigorovich, Deputy Chief Designer of the Design Bureau I. IN. Chetverikov;


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

brother: Boris Lvovich Kerber (1907—1978) — aircraft designer, Deputy General Designer A. AND. Mikoyan for equipment;


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

cousin: Wilhelm Evgenievich Garf (1884—1938) — commander.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Awards and awards


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Two Orders of Lenin;


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree (08.08.1947);


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Order of the Red Star;


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

medals;


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Stalin Prize (1952);


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Lenin Prize (1957).


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Bibliography


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Kerber L. L., Kerber B.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

L. Aircraft radio navigation stations and their operation.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

G. Ozerov Tupolevskaya Sharaga//Frankfurt am Main: Sowing 1973.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

(real author Kerber L. L.)


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

(per.)


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Kerber L. L. It is not the world that is small, but the layer is thin — letters by V. Konetsky in the book by V. Konetsky “Echo”//M.: Text, 2005.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Notes


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Literature


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

E.


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

L. Zalesskaya


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category:Participants of the Russian Civil War


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category:Aircraft designers alphabetically


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category:Soviet aircraft designers


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category:Repressed in the USSR


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category:People on the Open List


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category:Gulag prisoners


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category:Rehabilitated in the USSR


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category: Soviet memoirists


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category: Soviet machine builders


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category:Germans in Saint Petersburg


Question: In what year did Viktor Lvovich Corvin-Kerber fly for the first time?

Leonid Kerber

Category: Burials at Golovinskoye Cemetery


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Nashville (English: Nashville) is an American music and drama television series [1] starring Connie Britton and Hayden Panettier, created and produced by Callie Howry with the participation of RJ Cutler, Dee Johnson, Jim Parriot, Steve Bukhannan, and Connie Britton.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The series premiered on October 10, 2012 on ABC [2].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The series tells the story of legendary country singer Rayna James (Connie Britton), whose career begins to fade, after which she has to collaborate with rising young star Juliet Barnes (Hayden) Panettier).


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

All this is happening against the backdrop of an election campaign in which Rayna's father, Lamar Wyatt (Powers Booth), an influential politician in Nashville, participates.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Even before its premiere, the series collected a number of favorable reviews from television critics [3] [4] [5] and led in terms of positive reviews among autumn premieres [6].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In June 2012, the project won the Critics' Choice Award in the category “Most Exciting and Anticipated Television Series” [7].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Exactly a week before the premiere, the pilot episode was available for online viewing on ABC and a number of others [8].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

On November 12, after the release of five episodes, the channel renewed the series for a full season [9] [10].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Connie Britton was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series [11] and a Golden Globe Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Series Drama, and Hayden Panettier on” Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress, while the project was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay and People's Choice for Best New Drama.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

A number of television critics also noted Nashville in the lists of the best programs of 2012 [12] [13] [14] [15].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Meanwhile, the musical accompaniment of the series was a commercial success in the United States [16], and the first album, The Music Of Nashville, released in December 2012, topped the Billboard soundtrack chart [17 ].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

On May 10, 2013, the channel renewed the series for a second season [18], which premiered on September 25.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

On May 9, 2014, after lengthy negotiations [20], the series was renewed for a third season [21], which started on September 24, 2014.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

On May 7, 2015, the series was renewed for a fourth season [22], which premiered on September 23.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

On May 12, 2016, the series was closed after four seasons on ABC, but the channel and studio announced that the project was likely to find a new home on a cable channel or web service [24].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

On June 10, 2016, cable country network CMT and web service Hulu officially ordered the fifth season, which will consist of 22 episodes.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Marshall Herskowitz and Edward Zwick, meanwhile, replaced Dee Johnson as showrunner [25].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

On April 10, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season of 16 episodes, which was the last [26].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Production


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Concept


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The creator of the series, Callie Howry, lived in Nashville from 1978 to 1982 and, according to her, whenever she saw movies or TV shows about the city, she did not feel that they conveyed real life in it [27].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In her opinion, the city with one of the fastest growing labor markets according to Forbes is too often portrayed as rural Hollywood, inhabited by charlatans and alcoholic managers [27].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Howry wanted to show Nashville as an “Incredibly beautiful cosmopolitan city” and show it to the world, as well as the population of the city [27].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Nashville combines genres of family drama with a mixture of politics and country music [28].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The main character in the series is middle-aged singer Rayna James, who has reached the top of the charts during her career and became a legend of country music at a time when her success begins to evaporate.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Although fans are still haunting her, fewer and fewer people come to concerts, and meanwhile Rayna's record label believes she needs a concert tour with a young and sexy singer Juliet Barnes.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Barnes, meanwhile, pursues his goal — to become the new Rayna James.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Rayna is not happy that she has to share the stage with a mediocre little bitch and she wants to keep the situation under control.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

She wants to get hold of some songs written by talented composer Scarlett O'Connor with the aim of releasing another hit.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

At the same time, Rayna's father, a wealthy, powerful authority politician in Tennessee Lamar Wyatt, who once brought against her will to Teddy Conrad, a handsome and promising candidate for mayor of Nashville, is now living at the expense of his wife Rayna, participates in the election race [29].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Some commentators often made comparisons between Nashville and Dallas, [27] describing the series as Dallas in Tennessee [30] [31].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Many also noted the similarity of the main plot with the failed film “Power of Country” with Gwyneth Paltrow as an aging singer [31] [32].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The main character of the series, Raina James, has been repeatedly compared to Reba McIntyre [33] [34] in terms of artistry and success, and Faith Hill at the time of her fall [35], and Juliet Barnes was called the evil version Taylor Swift [31] [36].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The producers offered Ribe herself to make a cameo appearance in the series, but she is currently busy filming the sitcom Country in Malibu and said in an interview that she is not interested in playing herself [34].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Faith Hill also said in an interview that she was not interested in acting in the series, but her husband, singer Tim McGraw, spoke favorably about the project, noting that it would be able to attract more attention public to Nashville and country music [35].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Filming


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In early October 2011, ABC bought the script for a pilot episode written by Academy Award-winning Callie Howry and co-produced by Emmy winner RJ Cutler.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

This is the second attempt to launch a television series in Howry's career, who works mainly on the big screen, and in 2006 she also wrote the script for ABC pilot Hollis and Ray, who did not get the green light on further shooting [37].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

On January 27, 2012, the channel commissioned a pilot episode and was directed by RJ Cutler [1].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The series is produced by Callie Howry together with ABC Studios and Lionsgate, and Connie Britton is one of the producers of the project [38].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In the course of further production of the series, Jim Parriot, who had previously worked for ABC on Grey's Anatomy and Ugly Betty, joined the producers in May [39], and at the end of August it was announced that Dee Johnson took the post of showrunner of the project [40] [41].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The series is filmed entirely in Nashville and all exteriors are filmed on the main streets of the city, especially on, and [42].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Bluebird Music Cafe, a replica of the real establishment where much of the action takes place, was specially built eleven kilometers from a large shopping complex, and some of his real employees appeared as extras on the show [42].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The budget for each episode is around four million dollars, and the production of a full season of twenty-two episodes is estimated at 88 million [42].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

A significant part of the money goes to the city [42].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

It was planned that the second season would be divided into two parts, the first twelve episodes would be shown until the new year, after which the series would go on break until February 26, 2014.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Nashville, along with four other soap dramas of the channel (Scandal, Revenge, Once Upon a Time and Grey's Anatomy), is thus switching to a new broadcasting format in the 2013-14 TV season, from two blocks that are broadcast almost without interruptions [43].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

casting


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

When conceiving the series, Callie Howry immediately wanted Connie Britton to play the main role in it.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Howry watched the actress on her TV series Friday Night Lights and liked how she played the role of a simple southern woman [44].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Casting for permanent roles in the pilot began in February.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

British actor Sam Palladio was the first to be confirmed for the role in the project on February 14 [45].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Next Claire Bowen (February 17) [46], Jonathan Jackson (February 22) [47], Powers Booth (February 23) [48], Eric Close (March 5) [49] and Charles Esten (March 13) [50].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

On February 29, it was announced that Hayden Panettier had landed the role of Juliet Barnes [51] [52], and on March 6, Connie Britton signed for the lead role of Rayna James [53] [54] [55].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In the early stages, Nashville led the rest of the channel's drivers as the most promising of them [56] [57], and on May 11, 2012, ABC officially commissioned filming for the first season [58].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

It is known that Britton's fee for each episode of the series is one hundred thousand dollars [59], and Panettier, meanwhile, receives seventy-five thousand [60].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Marketing


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In an advertising campaign to promote the series, ABC focused on the rivalry between a young and ruthless rising star (Hayden Panettier) and the peak of her success, the queen of country music in performed by Connie Britton [27].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The posters for the series depicted Britton sitting on a silver throne, with Panettier sitting under her feet [61].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Exactly a week before its premiere on television, the pilot episode was available for viewing by anyone on Amazon, iTunes, Hulu and ABC [8].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

music


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Grammy and Oscar winner Ty Bone Burnat, who is the husband of Callie Howry, the creator of the series, was invited to replace the music producer and composer in December 2011.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

For several months, Burnat was actively engaged in vocal skills with Connie Britton, who previously studied music during her studies at drama school.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

According to the actress herself, in preparation for her role in the series, she listened to the music of singer Bonnie Ratt for hours and sought to combine southern rock genres with country music in the style of her heroine's performance [32].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

While working on the series, the producers decided to name its episodes after famous songs [64].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Thus, the second episode was named after Hank Williams's classic song “I Can't Help It (If I'm Still in Love with You)” [64].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In early October 2012, it was announced that ABC had signed a contract with Big Machine Records to release songs that were performed in episodes of the series.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The label is primarily known for its lead star Taylor Swift [65].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The first single will be the song “If I Didn't Know Better” performed by Claire Bowen and Sam Palladio, which sounds at the finale of the pilot episode, and “Telescope”, written by Hillary Lindsay and Carey Barlow, performed by Hayden Panettier, will be the first to be released on radio [65].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

At the same time, all songs will be available for viewing on YouTube and purchased on iTunes the day after the episodes premiere.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

According to the channel's idea to make different directions in the musical style of the characters, the heroine Panettier performs more pop songs, while Britton's music is aimed at the audience of Reba McIntyre [65].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In addition to the original songs, the series will feature cover versions of classic hits [65].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

According to the label's producer, the release of the first album is scheduled either for early 2013 or will be postponed until May [65].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

As a result, the release of the first album, consisting of eleven songs, was announced for December 11 [16].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

This early release date was due to high sales of singles from the first five episodes, which sold more than half a million copies as of mid-November [16].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Actors and characters


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The main composition


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The series features nine regular actors listed in the opening credits [29].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Connie Britton stars the aging singer Reina James, often called the “Ruling Queen of the Country” [66], and Hayden Panettier plays the young and popular, but deprived of talent, Juliet Barnes [29].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Powers Booth plays the role of Rayna's father, a powerful politician and one of the most influential businessmen in Tennessee, Lamar Wyatt [66].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Charles Easten plays the role of Rayna's former lover, songwriter and guitarist Deacon Claiborne, and Eric Close plays her husband, Teddy Conrad, an unsuccessful politician and protégé Lamar, who is currently after loss of work stays at home and raises children, living on his wife's money [29] [66].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Claire Bowen plays Scarlett O'Connor as a young and talented composer and waitress in a cafe; Jonathan Jackson plays Scarlett's musician and friend Avery Berkeley; and Sam Palladio plays Gunnar Scott, an aspiring and promising musician performing with Scarlett [29].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Robert Wisdom plays the role of a friend of the family of Coleman Carlisle, another politician and candidate for mayor with whom Teddy has to compete [29] [66].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In the second season, three actors were promoted to a regular contract cast.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

among them were Chris Carmack, who played aspiring singer Willie Lexington, who is a hidden homosexual since March 2013, as well as Lennon and Macy Stella, who play the roles of Rayna's daughters [67] [68].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The Stella sisters became famous for posting their performances on YouTube, which is why they were included in the series, despite their lack of experience in acting [69].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In the third, Will Chase and Oliver Hudson were promoted to the first team as Luke Wheeler and Jeff Fordham, respectively.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Hudson left the first team after his third season with Eric Close, while Aubrey Peoples (playing Leila Grant), on the contrary, was promoted to the regular roster after two seasons in the periodic status [70].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Secondary roster


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The series features several dozen supporting actors and characters.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Among them are Judith Hoag as Tandy Hampton, daughter of Lamar and sister Raina, who acts as a referee between him and Raina [3]; Sylvia Jeffries as Jolene Barnes, Juliet's mother [71 ]; Burgess Jenkins as Randy Roberts, Rayna's longtime friend and music producer.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Kimberly Williams-Paisley also appeared in several episodes, playing Peggy Samper, former mistress and colleague of Teddy Conrad.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Composer J.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

D. Sauser played the role of legendary music producer Vanni White [73], and Wyclef Jean Dominic King, another major music producer [74].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Ria Kilstedt played Marilyn Rhodes, director of the recording studio, and Tilkey Jones played the role of a young football player and friend of Juliet Sean Butler [75].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The series also has a number of “background” characters that do not affect the plot in any way.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

These are Rayna's loyal manager Buck (David Alford), Juliet's manager Glenn Goodman (Ed Amatrudo), her assistant Emily (Courtney Hansen) and image maker Makena (Afton Williamson), Marilyn's assistant Haley ( Chloe Bennett) and Rayna's label owner is Marshal Evans (Todd Truoli).


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Reaction


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Critics reviews


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The pilot episode received favorable reviews from most leading television critics [76].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

First of all, most of them praised the acting of leading actress Connie Britton, as well as the script by Callie Howry [77].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In his review, The Hollywood Reporter columnist Tim Goodman described the project as “An adult soap opera with an impeccable cast” [77].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Goodman compared the project with Connie Britton's previous series, Friday Night Lights, noting their general similarity in terms of departing from the main idea of the series.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

While the sports concept of “Lights” appealed to a teenage audience, in practice the project quickly turned into a serious family drama, as well as Nashville, where country music is not driving a link in the plot [77].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In general, the critic praised Britton's acting, the realistic manner of shooting the city, as well as the screenwriting makings for the development of storylines in subsequent episodes [77].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Hank Stever of The Washington Post described the pilot with the phrase “Sounding Perfect” and especially praised Claire Bowen and Sam Palladio's performance of the final composition in the episode [78].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly also positively assessed Callie Howry's screenwriting ideas and the performance of Britton and the cast, but expressed doubts about the need for a political line nomination of the main character's husband for the post of mayor of the city [79].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Tucker even expressed the idea that “Nashville is the best drama ever made about the city”, but nevertheless felt that the future show would need some other innovations besides the musical component and politicians [79].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Awards and nominations


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In June 2012, the series was one of five winners of the Critics' Choice Television Award in the category “Most Exciting and Anticipated Television Series” [7].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

YearAwardCategoryRecipientResult2012Television Critics' ChoiceThe Most Exciting and Anticipated Nashville TV Series Won Satellite [80] Best Series — Nashville Drama NominatedBest Actress in TV Series — DramaConnie BrittonNominatedBest Actress in a Television Series — DramaHayden Panettiernominated Best Supporting ActorPowers BootNominated2013People's Choice AwardsBest New Nashville TV Drama NominatedGolden Globe [81] Best Actress in a Television Series — DramaConnie BrittonNominatedBest Supporting Actress — Miniseries, TV Series or TV FilmHayden PanettierNominated Writers Guild of America Award [82] Best Screenplay for Nashville New Series Nominated [83] Best Editing in an Hour Advertising Television SeriesKate HendersonNominated Best Costume Design in Modern Television SeriesLesusi Airborne NominatedTeen Choice Awards [84] Best Nashville Drama Series NominatedBest Actress in a Drama SeriesHayden PanettierNominatedammy Best Actress in drama television seriesConnie BrittonNominatedBest Original Music and Lyrics by Sarah Buxton and Kate York for


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

“Nothing in This World Will Ever Break My Heart Again” Nominatedtv.com AwardBest Primetime Soap Opera Nashville Nominated2014People's Choice AwardsBest Nashville Drama Series Nominated Golden Globe” [85] Best Supporting Actress - Miniseries, TV Series or TV FilmHayden PanettierNominatedCostume Designers Guild [86] Best Costume Design in Modern Television SeriesLesusi TroopedNominated


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

TV ratings


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The pilot episode, which aired on October 10, 2012 at 10 pm after the sitcom Modern Family, attracted nine million viewers, allowing the series to win its temporary interval [87].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In the key demographic category for advertisers, the rating was 2.8 [88].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The following week, the series aired after the less successful sitcom Suburb and attracted 6.8 million viewers and 2.0 in the 18-49 category.


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Thus, the series lost almost thirty percent of the premiere episode [89].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The ratings of subsequent episodes remained stable around 2.0-1.8 in the 18-49 category, and when counting show views on the DVR demo, the target remained above 3.0 [90] [91].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

The series, however, performed well in the 18-34 category and regularly won a time slot in this and narrower women's categories [92].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In an article about the low ratings of the critically acclaimed show, columnist James Lakob of The Daily Beast magazine expressed the opinion that the late time interval was to blame [93].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

In recent years, each of the broadcast networks has faced a significant drop in ratings for ten-hour shows due to viewers switching to cable channels or simply going to bed [ 93].


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Episodes


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

List of nashville episodes


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Notes


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

References


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

(in English)


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:2010s US television series


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:American television series launched in 2012


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:English-language television series


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:American drama television series


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:US soap operas


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:LGBT themes in TV shows


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:ABC Studios television series


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:Lionsgate Television series


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:American Broadcasting Company programs


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:TV series set in Tennessee


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category:TV Shows resumed after closing


Question: When did Nashville premiere?

Nashville (tv series)

Category: American television series completed in 2018


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 — 22 December 1989) was a French and Irish writer, poet, and playwright.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

A representative of modernism in literature.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

One of the founders (along with Eugene Ionesco) of the theater of the absurd.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

He gained worldwide fame as the author of the play “French: En attendant Godot” (French: En attendant Godot), one of the most significant works of world drama of the 20th century.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1969.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

He spent most of his life in Paris, writing in English and French.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Biography


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Early years (1906—1923)


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Barkley Beckett was born on April 13 (Good Friday), 1906 in the small settlement of Foxrok, a suburb of Dublin, Ireland.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

His father, William Frank Beckett (1871—1933), came from a wealthy Protestant family with French roots — his ancestors left France during the counter-reformation, probably after the abolition of Nantes Edict in 1685, which outlawed the Huguenots [1].


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

The grandfather of the future writer, also William (“Bill”), founded a fairly large and successful construction business: for example, J. and W. Beckett Builders acted as a contractor for the construction of buildings of the National Libraries, as well as the National Museum of Ireland [2].


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's father continued his family business, professionally engaged in real estate appraisal activities and construction estimates.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Unlike his son, as well as his brothers, Uncles Samuel, Bill Jr. did not have artistic inclinations, but was an excellent athlete, a grasping businessman, a good family man and was distinguished good-natured disposition.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett was very friendly with his father and later suffered his death.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Mother, Maria (May) Beckett, née Rowe. Roe (1871—1950), also came from a Protestant family of Church of Ireland parishioners and belonged to the middle class: her father owned a mill and procured and sold grain.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

At the age of 15, May was orphaned, the family business was upset, and the writer's expectant mother was forced to work as a sister and nurse in a hospital, where she met her future husband [2].


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

In 1901, the couple married and celebrated the birth of their first child Frank the following year, and Samuel was born four years later.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

May was distinguished by a strong and powerful character, however, the couple successfully complemented each other, and their marriage can be generally called happy.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

The future writer spent his childhood in Foxrock, in a spacious parents' home, which was adjacent to a one-acre plot.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett grew up as a sporty and restless boy, closer to his father than to a pedantic and powerful mother.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett received a strict Protestant education, first studying at home, then, starting at the age of 9, at Earlsforth School in Dublin.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

The school was in good standing with wealthy Irish people, many of its teachers were graduates of the prestigious Trinity College.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

At school, Beckett gained fame as an excellent athlete and a capable student.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

In 1920, at the age of 14, Beckett became a student at the private Royal Portor School in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

It is noteworthy that another outstanding writer and compatriot of Beckett, Oscar Wilde, previously studied at the same school.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

In Portor (the school still exists today), Beckett discovered brilliant abilities in both the humanities and sports disciplines — rugby, cricket, swimming, golf and boxing.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

However, despite his success in studies and sports, as well as authority among peers, Beckett experiences communication problems, grows up a gloomy and introverted young man.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

University and Paris years (1923—1930)


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

Finally, in 1923, Beckett entered the famous Trinity College in Dublin, where he intensively studied English and modern European literature, French and Italian.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

At Trinity College, Beckett meets Thomas Rodmouse-Brown, professor of Romance Languages, who instills in the young man an interest in classical and modern European literature and drama (Beckett studies Ronsard, Petrarch, Racine and others intensively), and also encourages him in his first creative endeavors.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

In addition, Beckett takes private Italian lessons and greedily studies Machiavelli, Giosue Carducci, D'Annunzio and, of course, Dante's Divine Comedy.


Question: What was the name of Samuel Barkley Beckett's first work?

Samuel Beckett

During his university years, Beckett became a regular visitor to Dublin theaters — Irish drama of that time, through the works of Yates, O'Casey and Singh, is flourishing — cinemas, as well as art galleries.