Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Cosima made a lot of efforts to ensure that Bayreuth remained the only venue for the production of Parsifal.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Ludwig recognized this right; after his death in 1886, Luitpold of Bavaria became head of state as regent to the mentally ill King Otto I (Ludwig's brother), and during this period attempts were made to challenge the privilege, but Cosima, with Gross's help, defended it [99].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

In 1901, Cosima tried to lobby in the Reichstag for a legislative initiative to increase the period of copyright protection from thirty years after the death of the author to fifty (protection of rights to works Wagner ended in 1913) and received assurances of support from Kaiser Wilhelm II, but her efforts did not lead to the desired result [100].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Moreover, in 1903, the Metropolitan Opera in New York announced plans to stage Parsifal, which could not be prevented by law, since there was no protection agreement between the US and Germany copyrights.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Cosima sought to prevent the production, but on December 24, 1903, Parsifal successfully premiered in New York, followed by ten more performances.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Cosima considered the New York production a “rape” and remained hated for the Metropolitan Opera until the end of her life [101].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

By the beginning of the new century, Cosima's three daughters had married.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Blandina married Count Biagio Gravin in the last days of the 1882 Festival [76], Daniela married art historian Henry Tode in 1886 [102], and Isolde, Cosima's first daughter by Richard, in 1900 for conductor Franz Beidler [103].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

The youngest daughter Eva rejected numerous marriage offers and remained her mother's assistant and secretary while she remained the director of the festival [104].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

On December 8, 1906, during a visit to Prince Herman Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Cosima suffered Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome [105].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

By May 1907, it became clear that poor health prevented Cosima from continuing to lead Bayreuth, and the post of director passed to Siegfried, whom Cosima had long been preparing for the role of heir [106].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

This provoked objections from Beidler, who also applied for the post, citing his greater experience as a conductor and the fact that he and Isolde gave Kozima her only grandson in 1901.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

The dispute resulted in many years of family feud [107] [108].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Recent years


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Cosima settled in secluded rooms at the back of Wanfried and stopped attending the festival.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

At first, Siegfried discussed productions with her.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Later, he adhered to the line of his mother, recreating the productions of operas in their original form [109] [110].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

In December 1908, Eve, who was forty-one years old, married Houston Chamberlain, a British historian who became a fanatical supporter of German nationalism and added to them own racial theories [111].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

He admired Wagner's work, knew Kozima from 1888, and before marrying Eva, he took care of Blandina first, then Isolde [112].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Chamberlain's theories were close to Cosima [113].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

He began to play an important role in the Wagner circle and influenced the further alienation of the Baidlers; Chamberlain and Eve even hid Isolde's letters from Cosima [114].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

In 1913, Isolde lost a dispute in court over inheritance rights to Wagner property, after which she permanently cut off contact with Kozima; she died six years later [115] [116].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

In 1915, Siegfried Wagner married eighteen-year-old Winifred Williams, whose adoptive father Karl Klinworth was friends with Richard Wagner and List [117].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

On January 5, 1917, their first child was born, and Cosima performed excerpts from Siegfried Idyll on her husband's piano in honor of this event [118].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

The outbreak of the First World War led to the early end of the festival in 1914.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

War, revolution and devastation did not allow the festival to be held in the next nine years [119].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

In 1923, Wanfried first visited Adolf Hitler, who began his political career and loved Wagner's music.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

He was not accepted by Kozima, but became friends with other family members and subsequently visited them often [120] [121].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Chamberlain and Winifred Wagner joined the NSDAP.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

The first festival after the break in 1924 became at the same time a platform for the Nazis [122].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Cosima visited the festival for the first time in a long time: she attended the costume rehearsals of Parsifal and the first act of the opening concert [123].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

In 1927, on the occasion of Cosima's 90th anniversary, a street in Bayreuth was named after her.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

She did not know about this anymore: her health had deteriorated significantly by that time, and her family did not inform Kozima about the celebrations [124].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

In recent years, she has been bedridden, blind and rarely fully conscious.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Cosima died on April 1, 1930 at the age of 92.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

The farewell took place in Wanfried, after which the body was transported to Coburg and cremated.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

In 1977, the urn with Cosima's ashes was reburied in Wanfried next to her husband [125].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Legacy and Assessments


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Cosima Wagner's raison d'être was to selflessly serve her husband and his masterpieces; according to music critic Eric Saltzmann, she “dedicated her soul and body to the Master.”


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

During Richard's lifetime, she kept every step and thought in her diary.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

After his death, she left a diary and carried out her mission, perpetuating his legacy with the help of the Bayreuth Festival [126].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

It made the festival not only a cultural event, but also a successful commercial enterprise.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Although everyone recognizes that Cosima was a successful “keeper of the hearth,” her extreme conservatism is mercilessly criticized.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Her approach, which was based on the need to strictly adhere to Wagner's original plan, was overcome only after World War II, when a new generation took over the head of the festival executives [127].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Hilms compared Cosima Wagner to the abbess of the monastery [128].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

According to critic Philipp Henscher, “under the guidance of her disgusting son-in-law and racist theorist... Cosima tried to turn Bayreuth into the center of the cult of the German nation.”


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

He further concludes that “by the time of her death, Wagner's reputation was at the center of a terrible political game: old-fashioned productions of his works were given in front of a crowd of brown shirts” [129].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

The Bayreuth Festival's close connection with Hitler and the Nazis in the 1930s was already the result of the activities of Winifred, known for sympathizing with Hitler rather than Cosima, although Henscher believes that “Cosima is to blame this is more than any other” [129] [130].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

At the end of his biographical story, Marek notes that Cosima was not only the guardian of the composer's legacy, but also his muse: “Without her, there would be neither Siegfried Idyll, nor Bayreuth, nor” Parsifal “” [131].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Henscher concludes: “Wagner was a genius, but a disgusting person. Cosima was only a disgusting person” [129].


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

An asteroid discovered in 1907 is named after Cosima Wagner.


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Notes


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Literature


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

References


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Category:Wagners


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Category:Muses of famous composers


Question: How many children did Cosima Wagner have?

Cosima Wagner

Category:Personalies:Anti-Semitism in Germany


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Horace Greeley (February 3, 1811 — November 29, 1872) was an American journalist, politician, and joint candidate for the Liberal Republican and Democratic parties in the presidential elections of 1872.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Biography


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Born into a family of poor farmers, he lived in New York from 1831, where he began publishing the New Yorker newspaper in 1834.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

From 1838, he also published the Whig Party newspaper Jeffersonian, and from 1840 the Log Cabin, whose popularity contributed to the victory of Whig candidate William Harrison in the presidential election.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

In 1841, Greely's newspapers were merged into the New York Tribune, of which he remained editor until the end of his life.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Greely was radical, supporting utopian socialism in the spirit of Charles Fourier and American socialist Albert Brisbane, the abolition of slavery, agrarian reforms (including the law on homesteads), exploration of the West (July 13, 1865, the famous phrase Go West, young man, go West and grow up with the country appeared in his editorial column - Go West, young man, go to West and grow with his country); he was an opponent of big capital, opposing monopolies and the transfer of land to the ownership of railway owners, supported the increase in tariffs.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

From 1851 to 1862, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels collaborated in his newspaper.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Greely was a bright personality known for his eccentric behavior; he always carried an umbrella and even in the hottest weather wore a coat, was fond of spiritualism and phrenology.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Greely sat in Congress from December 4, 1848 to March 3, 1849.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

After the Republican Party was formed in 1854, the New York Tribune became its unofficial body (and played this role for many decades); it remained radicalistic, claiming that there was a conspiracy of slave owners against progressive forces, called on the Government to officially declare the abolition of slavery as soon as possible after the outbreak of the Civil War, but in 1863—1864 moved to a more compromise position, supporting the idea of peace with the Confederation.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

After the war, Greeley was mainly in radical Republican opposition to President Andrew Johnson, but his popularity among radical Republicans fell after he bailed in 1867 for the release of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Presidential elections


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

In 1868, Greeley supported the candidacy of Republican Ulysses Grant, but soon became one of his critics, finally broke with the radicals, and in 1872 joined the breakaway Republican Liberal Republican Party.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Unexpectedly, he was approved by Liberal Republicans as a presidential candidate and, more surprisingly, supported by the Democratic Party, which did not want to disperse the mood against Grant the electorate.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Now Greeley advocated the speedy curtailment of Reconstruction and the withdrawal of troops from the southern states.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

It became clear that he was an unsuccessful candidate; after 1848 he never managed to win an election, a sharp change of views made him a reputation as a defector and an untrustworthy person; supporters Grant was portrayed as a crazy weirdo.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Famous cartoonist Thomas Nast especially distinguished himself in ridiculing Greeley.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Despite the unification of Grant's opponents, Greeley managed to get only 43.8% of the vote, he won in 6 states, which was supposed to give him 66 electoral votes.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Shortly before the election, Greely's wife died, causing him to fall into madness and die shortly after the election (but before the electoral vote).


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

3 electors from Georgia still voted for Greeley (but their votes were disqualified by Congress, according to other sources, their ballots were empty), the votes of the rest were divided between 4 representatives of the Democratic and Liberal Republican parties.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Even more vice presidential candidates were named — eight (despite the fact that vice presidential candidate Benjamin Brown, who ran together with Greeley, survived).


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

memento


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

A square in New York is named after Greely.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Next to it, in the park, there is a monument.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Sources


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Primary


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Greeley, Horace.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America, 1860-64 (1864) (1866)


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Greeley, Horace.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Greeley, Horace.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

, Boston: Fields, Osgood a Co.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

, 1870


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Secondary


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Cross, Coy F., II.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Go West Young Man!


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Horace Greeley's Vision for America.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

U. of Mexico Press, 1995.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

165 pp.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Downey, Matthew T. “Horace Greeley and the Politicians: The Liberal Republican Convention in 1872,” The Journal of American History, Vol.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

53, No.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

(March, 1967), pp.727—750.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Durante, Dianne, Outdoor Monuments of Manhattan: A Historical Guide (New York University Press, 2007): discussion of Greeley and the 2 memories to him in New York.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Lunde, Erik S. Horace Greeley (Twayne's United States Authors Series, no. 413.) Twayne, 1981.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

138 pp.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Lunde, Erik S. “The Ambiguity of the National Idea: the Presidential Campaign of 1872” Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism 1978 5 (1): 1-23.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

ISSN 0317-7904


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

McDougall, Walter A. Throes of Democracy: The American Civil War Era, 1829—1877 (Harper Collins, 2008)


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Nevins, Allan.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

“Horace Greeley” in Dictionary of American Biography (1931).


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Parrington, Vernon L. Main Currents in American Thought (1927), II, pp.247-57.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Robbins, Roy M., Agricultural History, VII, 18 (January, 1933).


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Rourke, Constance Mayfield; Trumpets of Jubilee: Henry Ward Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lyman Beecher, Horace Greeley, P.T. Barnum (1927).


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Schulze, Suzanne.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Horace Greeley: A Bio-Bibliography.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Greenwood, 1992.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

240 pp.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Seitz, Don C. Horace Greeley: Founder of the New York Tribune (1926)


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Van Deusen, Glyndon G. Horace Greeley, Nineteenth-Century Crusader (1953), standard biography


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Weisberger, Bernard A. “Horace Greeley: Reformer as Republican”.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Civil War History 1977 23 (1): 5-25.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

ISSN 0009-8078


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Robert C. Williams.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Horace Greeley: Champion of American Freedom (2006)


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Horace Greely in the cinema


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Gangs of New York (USA, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Italy; 2002) directed by Martin Scorsese and Michael Byrne as Horace Greely.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

In one episode of Days in Death Valley, he played the role of Horace Greeley.


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

References


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

(in English)


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

(in English)


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Category:Candidates for President of the United States (1872)


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Republican Party of the United States politicians


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Category:US Whig Party


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Category:American abolitionists


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Category:Members of the House of Representatives from New York State


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Category:American journalists


Question: Who is Greely?

Horace Greely

Burials at Green Wood Cemetery


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Chopper (from English: chopper - cutter, drummer) is one of the oldest tools of labor of the Paleolithic era.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Refers to the so-called. “pebble tools” (English: pebble-tool, French: galet amenagée).


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

The chopper was extremely easy to make and was a pointed pebble or boulder up to 7.5-10 cm in size. The working edge was created by several chips made only on one side and had an irregular shape.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

The rest of the gun was left untreated and served as a place of capture by hand.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

For the manufacture of several later tools, “choppings”, the chip was made on both sides.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Moreover, chopper was easy to make chopping.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Later, a much more carefully broken gun appeared, which in Russian archeology is called “chopped”.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Choppers first began to be manufactured by Australopithecines about 2.6 million years ago and were used as a chopping tool.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Not all choppers were used.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Apparently, the small chips of the stone obtained during their manufacture were often more important.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

These sharp fragments were used as knives, etc. Already within the framework of Olduvai culture, choppers begin to supplant more advanced choppings and chopped, but choppers remained ubiquitous and practically did not change the entire Paleolithic.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

In areas where there were no other raw materials besides pebbles (for example, the area of Hissar culture), choppers are preserved until the end of the Stone Age.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Tasmanians made them even in the 19th century.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

See also


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Stone tools


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Stone axe


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Macrolit


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Rubilo


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Literature


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Derevyanko A. P., Markin S. V., Vasiliev S. A. Paleolithic studies: introduction and basics.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— Novosibirsk: VO “Nauka”.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Siberian Publishing Company, 1994.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— 288 p. — ISBN 5-02-030873-0.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Malinova R., Malina Ya.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Leap into the past: An experiment reveals the secrets of ancient epochs/Transl. from Czech.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— M.: Thought, 1988.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— P. 133—136.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— ISBN 5-244-00188-4.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Matyukhin A. E.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Experiments on the use of choppers and choppings as chopping tools. Sovetskaya arkheologiya.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— 1977.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— No. 1.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— P. 258—263.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Matyushin G. N. — M.: Education, 1996.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— P. 286, 287.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

— ISBN 5-09-004958-0.


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

References


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

(in English)


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

(in English)


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Category:Archaeological artifacts


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Category:Stone industry


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Category:Stone Age Technique


Question: What is the shape of choppers?

Chopper (archaeology)

Category:Paleolithic


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Silvia Decheva Mladenova (Bulgarian: Silvia Decheva Mladenova), better known as Silvia (Bulgarian: Silvia, born April 1, 1978 in Radnevo) is a Bulgarian pop-folk singer.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Biography


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Early years


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

She graduated from Geo Milev School.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

She entered the world of music with the support of her mother: she helped her get a job in the orchestra of the city of Radnevo, led by Mincho Atanasov, director of the house of culture in the same city and one of the most famous Bulgarian producers, who at that time also produced singer Desislava Doneva.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Desislava welcomed the arrival of the new singer in the orchestra, and Sylvia and Desislava soon became friends.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

After the collapse of the orchestra, they began solo careers: Atanasov became Sylvia's personal producer, helping her participate not only in recording solo albums and organizing concerts, but also voice acting and film dubbing.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Sylvia herself calls Atanasov her second father.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Career start


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

In 1998, she released her first album, Strahotna Wife, and in the same year, her second album, Damata in Cerveno, appeared, which was released on videotape and brought the singer incredible fame.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

But the real fame came in 1999, when the third album “Sreshcha s Casanova” was released with the hits “Prosyakinya”, “Love Sbogom” and “On You, Mamo” (her sister also participated in the recording of the song), and in the video for the song” Hubawa” Sylvia starred naked in a bathroom with rose petals.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

In 2000, her fourth album, “Az, Sylvia”, was released, the first song from which “Appetitna Hapka” became the actual hallmark of the singer.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

At the Thracian Folk Music Festival in 2000, the song from that album “Hey, Jealous” won; the songs “Byala Magic”, “Don't Eat Me Without Wine”, “Knowing How”, “Defend Those Sreshnakh” and” Kato svetets.”


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Temporary departure from the stage


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Sylvia soon takes a break and releases a collection of her best hits under the provocative title “The Sinner”, which includes songs with the participation of the Slavey quartet and in a duet with Noncho Vodenicharov, the head of the city Radnevo.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

The album includes five CDs at once.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

For her spectacular return to the stage, Sylvia, the natural brunette even dyed blonde, but after a few months she became a brunette again.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

After the birth of her daughter Isabel, she suspended her career again, deciding to devote time to her loved ones.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

The problems in the family were very strong: Sylvia was going through a divorce.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

And only taking care of her daughter helped the singer control herself.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

In 2006, Sylvia returned to the stage, performing with Noncho Vodenicharov as the opening act for singer Kalia.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

In May, her seventh album “Da me gelaesh” was released with the single “Zabravi me”, but after another series of victories in competitions and hits the charts, Sylvia leaves the stage again, returning a year and two later months with the single “Vodka”, which had to be released under the censored title “Izkushenie”.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

The video clip was banned from showing on Planeta TV channel due to alcohol propaganda, which caused indignation among fans of the singer.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Their collective letter did not convince the management of the channel to allow the video to be shown.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Censorship actually led people to think that Sylvia had ended her career because she hadn't released new songs and videos for a long time.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Sylvia decides to shoot videos for the songs “Unforgivable” and “Lzha” to remind fans of herself, and also records with Mincho Atanasov the song “I'll reach, libe”, destroying all rumors about the ban on broadcasting on televising their songs.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Returning


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

In 2007, Sylvia realized the video “Without Privilege”, returning enthusiastically to work.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

In January 2007, a DVD collection with Sylvia's 19 best videos and a fragment of a concert at the Thrace Folk Festival were released, and soon she recorded the album “Zaksnyala Proshka”, which features songs for the first time on Macedonian language.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

The charts include the song “Ti me podludyavash” in dance style, which is often played at discos.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

In September 2007, Sylvia won the Pirin Folk festival with the main song of the new album Zaksnyala Proshka and even became an honorary citizen of Radnevo for her merits (Silvia and Mincio actively helped the kindergarten and school in Radnevo).


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Critics claimed that Sylvia had changed over time and relied on a new modern repertoire in the style of pop-folk.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Continuing to record duets with Atanasov, shooting video clips and publishing them on DVD, Sylvia records the songs “Nazdrave” and “Zavrashchane”, shooting videos with them, and performs the song “Ludnitsa v Dushata” in the New Year a concert on Planeta TV channel.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

In 2008, she released a new album, “I got into the selection”, which includes the same songs.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

The next album, Bulgarka, was released only 5 years later.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

family


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Sylvia's mother, Zhivka Kaneva, helped her daughter start a musical career.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Sylvia also has a sister who is two years younger than her.


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Sylvia was married and divorced: she has a daughter, Isabel (born August 9, 2003).


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Discography


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Albums


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— Strahotna wife/Great woman


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— Damata in cherveno/Lady in red


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— Meeting with Casanova/Meeting with Kazanova


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— Az, Silvia/I, Sylvia


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— Sinner/Sinner


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

- Yes me wish/Do you want me


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— Zaksnyala proshka/Late Farewell


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— I got into the selections/Enter into the team


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— Bulgarka/Bulgarian


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Compilations


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— Baladi/ Ballads


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

— Gold hit on Silvia/Sylvia's Golden Hits


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Video and DVD releases


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Damata in Cerveno (1999)


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Silvia Best Video Selection (2007)


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Zaksnyala proshka (2008)


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

attainments


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

1998: Special Prize at the New Folk Festival from Art Rock Center


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

2000: second prize of the jury of the “Thrace Folk” festival (song “Hey, jealous”)


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

2007: winner in the category of author's Macedonian song at the Pirin Folk festival (song “Zaksnyala Proshka”)


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

2007: Honorary Citizen of Radnevo


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

References


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Category:Pop-folk singers


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Category:Artists known by pseudonyms


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Category:Artists of the Piner label


Question: What year did Sylvia come out?

Sylvia (singer)

Category:Bulgarian pop-folk singers


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

For this article about modern Ryazan, about the Old Russian city, see: Staraya Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan (pronunciation) (until 1778 - Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky) is a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Ryazan region and the Ryazan municipal district.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

It is one of the thirty largest cities in Russia.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Population — people


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

It covers an area of 224 km² at an altitude of 130 m above sea level, while part of its territory is an enclave surrounded by the territory of the Ryazan District.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city of regional significance [1] forms the municipality of the city district of Ryazan [2].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

It is located on the high right bank of the Oka River at the confluence of the Trubezh River, in the center of the East European Plain, 180 km from Moscow.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

A major scientific, military and industrial center.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city is served by two airfields, two railway and bus stations, two river ports that have access to the seas of the basins of the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and the Caspian Sea.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

50 km downstream of the Oka River is the Old Ryazan Historical and Landscape Museum-Reserve, the ancient capital of the Grand Ryazan Principality, in honor of which the modern city was renamed in 1778 .


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Physical and geographical characteristics


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Geographical location


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan is located in the center of the East European Plain, between the Oka and Volga rivers in the western part of the Ryazan region at 54° north latitude and 39° east longitude [3].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city has an area of 224 km².


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Its main part is located on the high right bank of the Oka River, 28 km² is occupied by the resort area of Solotcha, which is part of the territory of the Meshchyorsky National Park and is 12 km away from Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The highest point of Ryazan is the 50th Anniversary of October Square, located in the Zheleznodorozhny District, the lowest is in the floodplain of the old Oka in Solotcha.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The geographical center of the city, marked with a memorial sign, is located at the intersection of Gagarin and 4th Line streets.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The distance to Moscow is 180 km, and Old Ryazan is 50 km away.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan is the closest major city to the capital of Russia (after Tver), thus forming the Ryazan-Moscow migration network.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Time zone


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In accordance with the applied time and geographical longitude [4], the average solar noon in Ryazan comes at 12:21pm.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Climate


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city's climate is temperate continental.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

According to observations for the period from 1980 to 2010, the average annual rainfall is about 580 mm, of which 390 mm falls in the period from April to October.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The area is not characterized by strong winds.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Mostly light and moderate winds of the west and south-west directions prevail.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Summer in Ryazan is warm, it is possible to heat up to almost +40° C in the shade.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Winters are moderately cold, and in some severe winters, temperatures at night can drop below -40° C.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Such significant deviations from the norm are possible when establishing a blocking anticyclone, the air mass in which quickly warms up or cools down depending on the season.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Vegetation


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan is located on the border of two vegetation zones separated by the Oka — forest and forest-steppe.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The southern outskirts of the Meshchyorsky National Park is part of the city in the form of the resort area of Solotcha — numerous recreation centers, sanatoriums and children's camps are located here.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

One of the oldest forest parks in the city is Ryumina Grove, planted by the famous Ryazan philanthropist G. IN. Ryumin, who built his estate here.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Many trees in the park have crossed the 300-year-old threshold.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Other large green areas of the city are the Prioksky Forest Park, the Central City Park (Central Park of Culture and Recreation), the Yu.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

A. Gagarin, Lukovsky Forest, Park of the Soviet-Polish Brotherhood, Memorial Park.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In the 60s of the XX century, a green ring of forest plantations and garden associations was formed around the city, which served as a fence against major highways and industrial enterprises.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Part of this ring is recreational forests.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Mixed species of temperate trees predominate in urban landscaping and parks: birches, maples, chestnuts, ash trees, oaks, lindens, mountain ash, spruce, larch, fir, pine.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Fruit trees are planted in many parks and kindergartens and schools: apple trees, pears, cherries, hazel trees.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Solotcha is dominated by conifers.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city is decorated with numerous flower arrangements and vertical topiary flower beds.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Soils


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The soils of Ryazan, as well as the entire region, were formed mainly on quaternary sediments.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Swampy soils predominate near Solotcha, their formation was facilitated by excessive moisture and a weak slope of the relief.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Organic substances in the form of peat accumulate here.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

One of the largest peat mining in the region, the Solotchinsky peat mining enterprise with its own narrow-gauge railway, is located there.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

On the coast of the Oka there is a narrow strip of podzolic and soddy-podzolic soils, they have high water permeability, so that the vegetation on them does not suffer from excess moisture.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Under the Prioksky floodplains there are floodplain soils, which are the basis of the fund of natural forage lands.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

These soils are the richest, making floodplains an ideal place for forage pastures and land.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Black soil is not typical for Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Hydrography


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The main waterway of the city is the Oka River, on which the main river port is located in the Borkovsky backwater area.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

During the spring flood, the Oka spills through nearby floodplains and meadows into an area of more than 10 km, while the water level in it rises by an average of 8-9 m [5].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In this regard, some urban areas, such as Lesoparkovy and Borki, are specially designed for annual flooding, and the suburban villages of Zaokskoye and Korostovo are completely cut off by water, turning into islands with a constant ship service.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Water in the Prioksky floodplains lasts up to 4-5 weeks, in meadows - 3-4 weeks.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

At this time, a small layer of nailka is deposited here, a nutrient that contributes to the favorable growth of fodder and cereals cultivated in the city and district [5].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In addition to the Oka, about a dozen small rivers flow through the territory of Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The largest of them are Trubezh, Lybid, Pletyonka and Pavlovka.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Lybid is hidden in an underground collector almost along its entire course, forming a pedestrian Lybedsky Boulevard above it.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Most of the reservoirs of Ryazan are floodplain lakes and old lakes, which are the remains of the old channels of the Oka, which has changed its course over the centuries.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The largest water bodies, the network of Borkovsky ponds, are man-made flooded sand quarries with a gentle soft bottom; there is a network of city beaches here.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Not far from Solotcha there are exogenous moraine lakes: Laskovskoye, Chernenkoye, Segdeno, Chernoye, Urzhinskoye, famous in numerous stories by K. G. Paustovsky.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The writer's path runs between Laskovsky and Black Lakes.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Not far from the lakes there are extensive low-lying swamps that are recreational.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Animal world


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Back in the 15th-17th centuries, large animals lived in the forests surrounding Ryazan: wolves, wild boars, moose, bears, roe deer.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Today, their habitat is dense thickets, territories of reserves and reserves of the Ryazan region.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

You can find hedgehogs and moles in the parks and squares of the city.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The rivers and lakes of Ryazan are home to waterfowl, the Oka and small rivers are rich in fish.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

History


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Name origin


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The name of the city is a possessive masculine adjective Rezan (with the suffix -j-) from the male name Rezan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The name Rezan itself is a short form of passive communion cut — this is how a baby “cut out of the womb of the mother” could be called [6].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Thus, Rezan is “Rezanov City”.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Under the influence of yakanya, the unstressed “e” turned into “I”, although the forms with the letter “e” lasted until the middle of the 20th century [7].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Initially, the term “Razan” referred to the entire territory of the principality, located on the right-bank side of the Oka River.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan historian A. G. Kuzmin in this regard puts forward his version of etymology:


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Opponents of this version believe that Ryazan residents could not have a self-name associated with the concept of “cut off land”, since there was no single main original state, from which Ryazan could have been cut off.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Until the middle of the 20th century, villagers on the left bank of the Oka River used the expression “go to Ryazan”, which meant crossing the Oka River to its right bank.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Presumably, this name of the region served as the basis for the name of the ancient capital of the principality - Ryazan, and then the toponym passed to the modern city, which at that time was called Pereyaslavl Ryazansky — that is Pereyaslavl, located in the Ryazan Territory.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Pereyaslavl was renamed Ryazan in 1778 by Catherine II in memory of the rich historical past of the former capital of the principality.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In addition to these versions, there are many others.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

For example, the name of the city is associated with the word cassock — “marshy, swampy place”, with ancient Russian coins cut, with a variety of small apples [8].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

An extremely popular hypothesis in the past, which raises the toponym Ryazan to the Mordovian subeethnos Erzya and its derivative Erzya, has now been rejected for phonetic and historical reasons.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Erzyans did not live on the territory of the Ryazan principality and were separated from it by dense forests, in which representatives of another Finno-Ugric people, the meshchera, lived.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan and Mordovians had limited communication with each other.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Russian orientalist V. F. Minorsky put forward a theory about the identity of the place names Arsaniya and Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The study of the origin and meaning of the name Ryazan was conducted by local historian IN. Lyubomudrov (1830—1897) [9].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The modern name of the city is feminine.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The first settlements


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The first settlements appeared on the territory of modern Ryazan in the Middle Paleolithic era.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Near the city, near the village of Dubrovichi, archaeologists discovered a flintlock chipper made by man more than 80 thousand years ago [10].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

This find became the oldest material monument found on the territory of the Ryazan region.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Currently, more than 100 sites and settlements of ancient man have been discovered and studied in the Ryazan region.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Other findings of primitive man are related to his hunting and fishing.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

On the territory of modern districts of Sysoevo, Kanischevo and Borok, near the river station and the Trinity Monastery, the remains of ancient animals were found - an accumulation of bones of a mammoth, a woolly rhinoceros and giant deer.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Slavic tribes (namely, Vyatichi) came to the Oka River around the VI century.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Already in the 7th-8th centuries, a whole network of settlements — settlements and settlements — was founded around the future Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The largest of them are Borkovskoye, Glebovskoye, Boriso-Glebovskoye, Khrapovskoye, Sekiotovskoye, Sysoevskoye, Khambushevskoye, Dyadkovskoye, Lgovskoye.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Vyatichi laid ploughed agriculture as the basis of the farm.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In the VI century, Vyatichi paid tribute to the Volga Khazars.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In 966, Kiev prince Svyatoslav Igorevich defeated their powerful power and subordinated the Vyatichi, including Ryazan and Murom lands in the Kiev state.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

It is known that the Vyatichi participated in Oleg's famous campaigns to Tsargrad.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

City foundation


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Already in the 7th-8th centuries, a fortified trading city was located near Ryazan on Borkovsky Island, the existence of which is confirmed by numerous finds of foreign seals from arriving ships, precious coins and weapon remnants.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

German scientist S. Herberstein wrote the following about the island:


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Next to the future Pereyaslavl there was also another fortified city, Borisov-Glebov, and on the left bank of the Oka River - a large Shumashskoye village.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Such an abundance of settlements led to the need to create a single military center.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

This center was Pereyaslavl, founded on a high natural hill at the confluence of two rivers — Trubezh and Lybed.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The modern date of foundation of the city - 1095, was proposed in the middle of the XIX century, when Ryazan local historians and researchers discovered a record on the back of the sheet of the Follow-up Psalter of the 16th century [11]:


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Initially, young Pereyaslavl occupied a small area in the north of the Kremlin Hill, in the place where the Church of the Holy Spirit is located today.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Subsequently, three major expansions took place over time, and the city gradually took over the entire hill.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

To defend the settlement from the south, the townspeople manually erected a huge rampart 20 m high, and in front of it was a flooded ditch.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Formation of Ryazan Principality


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

At the beginning of the XII century, Ryazan lands separated into an independent Muromo-Ryazan principality.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

It was a time of rivalry between the largest cities — Ryazan and Murom for the right to be the capital of the new state.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan won the struggle, since it was here that the princely court was held, the episcopal see was located, feudal alliances were concluded, and princely squads went on campaigns from here.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Moreover, Ryazan was well fortified - steep earthen ramparts and high wooden walls helped Ryazan residents repel the attacks of numerous opponents.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky by this time was one of the fortified outposts of the principality, surrounded by a network of guard fortresses.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

More than 30 lead seals of the Drogichin type were found in Ryazan (Sakor Mountains on Borkovsky Island) [12].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ancient Ryazan residents were engaged in agriculture, hunting, fishing and beekeeping.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The local lands have always been famous for their rich natural resources.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

A Spanish merchant who passed through the Ryazan principality in 1150 wrote:


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

It is no coincidence that Ryazan bread was already exported north to Novgorod in the 12th century, and many remote Russian cities fed it.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The following crafts were successfully developed: weaving, pottery, iron processing.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Rivers served as the main transport routes.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Mongol invasion


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In the winter of 1237, refugees from the defeated Volga Bulgaria received alarming news about the enemy's invasion of Russia.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

A few days later, a large Mongolian army approached the borders of Ryazan (Staraya).


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The capital of the principality lasted six days and nights, but the enemy's forces were great.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

After breaking into the city, the Tatars destroyed everything they could, turning the city into ashes.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

From that moment on, the honor to hold the princely table and the episcopal see passes to Pereyaslavl.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Princely capital


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

By the 14th century, Pereyaslavl was finally formed as the capital of the principality and the largest city of Poochya.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The heart of the city is the Kremlin with wooden walls and twelve towers, under the protection of which the grand ducal court and the houses of the wealthiest citizens are located.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Adjacent to the Kremlin is a prison, an outer fortified ring made of palisade and watchtowers.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

It is home to numerous inns, taverns, a market and parish churches.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In 1565, after Tsar Ivan the Terrible divided the Russian state into oprichnina and zemstvo, the city became part of the latter [13] [14].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

17th century


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The 16th-17th centuries were marked by numerous peasant protests.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The struggle against landowners who ruined peasant farms grew into a full-fledged war.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The situation of peasants deteriorated further in 1601-1603, when a terrible famine broke out throughout the country and mass epidemics began.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Under these conditions, feudal lords raised bread prices, depriving peasants of food.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In response, indignant peasants offered armed resistance.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In 1603, punitive expeditions were sent to Ryazan and Pronsk, and in 1606 Ryazan and its suburbs joined Ivan Bolotnikov, under whose leadership the struggle of peasants for their rights has acquired the greatest scope.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

During the Polish intervention, in 1611, Ryazan initiated the convening of a militia to liberate Moscow.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan nobleman Prokopy Lyapunov was elected its head, who led the detachment to Moscow in January 1611.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

After the capture of the White City, militias and Cossacks created a zemstvo government, which was headed by Prokopy Lyapunov, Trubetskoy and Zarutsky.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

However, at this time, discord arose between the Zemstvo militia and the Cossacks, as a result of which Lyapunov was killed.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

His death led to the collapse of the First Militia - Zemstvo detachments left Moscow, and Ryazan stopped supplying bread to the city occupied by the Poles.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Polish voivode Gonsewski decided to put an end to this.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

He sent a punitive detachment to Ryazan, but his troops could not reach beyond Pronsk.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Dmitry Pozharsky, who approached the city at that time, liberated Pronsk, so the first people's militia merged with the second.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

XVIII century and Ryazan Province


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

With the formation of the Ryazan governorship in 1778, and soon the province, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky received the name Ryazan and its own coat of arms depicting the figure of a warrior with a sword in his hand.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

After the approval of the master plan of Ryazan in 1780, the nature of urban development changed.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The streets are being redeveloped taking into account established traditions.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The pearl of the city remains the ensemble of the Ryazan Kremlin with the outstanding architecture of the Assumption Cathedral (1693—1699), built by architect Y.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

G. Bukhvostov.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Sobornaya Street with branches of Astrakhanskaya and Seminarskaya streets was laid from this center.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

By 1786, Cathedral Square became the administrative center, where all provincial institutions were located.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The second forming center is Novobazarnaya Square (now Lenin Square), from which the streets - Pochtovaya, Myasnitskaya (now Gorky), Khlebnaya (now Mayakovsky), Sennaya, Moskovskaya ( now Pervomaysky Avenue).


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The plan of the Southern part of Ryazan represents a rectangular grid of streets.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

This layout of the historical part of the city has been preserved to this day with minor changes.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Trade flourished in the city.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

At the beginning of the XVIII century, merchants of Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky owned 17.8% of the Moscow grain trade.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

About 60 blacksmiths worked on metal produced in Kasimov, Syntul, Gus-Zhelezny.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

By the end of the century, 10,000 people lived in the city.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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In 1786, a public school was opened in Ryazan, and a year later, an opera and drama theater, one of the oldest in Russia.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries, 12 enterprises operated in the city — a linen factory, a tannery, salotopene, and brewing production.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The first printing house was opened, the public school was transformed into a gymnasium, from which literary historian A. D. Galakhov, archaeographer P. AND. Bartenev, pharmacologist N. P. Kravkov, psychiatrist P. B.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Gannushkin, historian D. AND. Ilovaysky.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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19th century


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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During the Patriotic War of 1812, evacuated people from the Russian territories occupied by the enemy found shelter in Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Among them was architect M. F. Kazakov, who died and was buried in Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

There were 32,000 wounded in the province.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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More than 15 thousand Ryazan residents joined the people's militia.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

From 1819 to 1828, Ryazan was the administrative center of the Ryazan Governor-General, created in the form of an experiment on the initiative of the former Minister of Police Alexander Dmitrievich Balashov.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The Governor-General included 5 provinces: Voronezh, Oryol, Ryazan, Tambov and Tula [15].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In 1837, a large fire broke out, which destroyed many wooden buildings.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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The construction of new stone buildings began, including the construction of artillery barracks (now the hospital building on Pervomaisky Prospekt), and in 1850-1854 - the building of the noble assembly with coats of arms county towns along Astrakhanskaya Street.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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By 1860, 21.6 thousand people lived in Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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The city was divided into 2 parts by the Lybid River, over which 10 bridges spread.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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In 1858-1860, the vice-governor of Ryazan was M. E.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Saltykov-Shchedrin, whose name is associated with the opening of the first public library and the construction of a new stone theater building (now the Theater on Sobornaya).


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In 1890, the railway station building was built.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan became a major railway station, from which about 200 thousand tons of various goods were sent annually.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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At that time, there were more than 15 small factories in the city, including an iron foundry and a brick factory.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ryazan's trade and industrial turnover reached 8.5 million rubles.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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By 1897, the population of the city was 46,000 people, and its area was about 12 km².


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

20th century


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

On May 8, 1904, Emperor Nicholas II visited the city.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In 1904, the Levontin brothers founded an agricultural tools plant, which produced more than 80% of harrows in the European part of Russia.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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In the same year, the first Social Democratic Circle was founded in Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ryazan workers participated in the All-Russian October political strike of 1905.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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In 1913, a city power plant was put into operation, which had a 20-verst network, powered 15,000 light bulbs and 500 electric motors at enterprises.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The length of the city's water supply lines was 35 miles.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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A year later, long-distance telephone communication with Moscow was opened.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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On December 8, 1914, Emperor Nicholas II visited the city for the second time. In memory of this, in 2006, a memorial plaque was installed on the 1st building of the Semashko Hospital.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The emperor visited several Ryazan military hospitals and hospitals, where he met with wounded soldiers, talked with them and awarded the most worthy ones with St. George's crosses.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

On the eve of 1917, the city had 18 industrial enterprises, including an agricultural machinery plant, 2 brick factories, a candle factory, 2 mechanical workshops, 2 bed and 3 dyeing factories, small tanneries, distilleries and breweries with a total workforce of about 1000 people.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Revolution of 1917


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ryazan met the February revolution with the complete disarmament of the police and gendarmerie, the arrest of the incumbent imperial governor, as well as numerous demonstrations and rallies.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The highest point of the latter was the grandiose Freedom Festival, which took place on March 12, 1917 on Ilyinskaya (now Sobornaya) Square.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Power in the city passed to the elected provincial commissar, teacher of the Ryazan Real School F. K. Pavlov.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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The famine that began soon and spread throughout the province finally undermined the people's confidence in the Provisional Government, and the Ryazan province became one of the main hotbeds of peasant unrest, requiring an immediate solution to the land and food issue.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Under the current conditions, on October 25, 1917, Ryazan received a telegram from Petrograd about the beginning of an armed uprising.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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In the following days, a temporary revolutionary committee and the first Soviet authority, the provincial council of workers, peasants and soldiers deputies, were organized in the city.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

On October 30, the revolutionary committee took control of the telegraph, the provincial administration, the bank, food warehouses and ordered the disarmament of officers - Soviet power was established in Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

On December 26, 1917, the Council of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Deputies announced the transfer of all power in the province to the Soviets.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The post-revolutionary period


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In October 1918, the first higher educational institution, the Pedagogical Institute, was opened in the city.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In the same year, state art workshops were established, and a year later a land management and music school was opened, which gave rise to modern construction and music colleges.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In 1919, the medical and obstetric public school (now the medical college) and the construction professional school of railways (college of railway transport) were launched.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In July 1918, mobilization into the Red Army began.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Almost weekly Ryazan sent a mobilized reserve to the fronts of the civil war.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Among the recruits, G. K. Petrov is one of 26 Baku commissars, M. D. Velikanov, commander of the legendary Chapaev Division.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

However, many Ryazan residents fought on the fronts and on the side of the White Army.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In 1929-1930, at the time of reforming the administrative-territorial division of the RSFSR, Ryazan became the district center of the Moscow region, but already in 1937 the city restored its status administrative center of the newly created Ryazan region.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In the 1920s, Ryazan occupied an area of about 21 km² and was inhabited by about 50 thousand people.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The creation of large enterprises began, which later turned into Ryazselmash plants, the Pobeda Oktyabrya shoe factory, electric tube, tannery and repair and tractor plants.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

At this time, Ryazan was one of the first in the country to create its own radio station, which still exists today, the daily newspaper Rabochiy Klich.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city had 4 cinemas, a labor palace, 12 public schools, 4 homes for the disabled, 14 clubs, 8 secondary educational institutions, 12 children's boarding schools and a pedagogical institute.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The Kremlin housed the state regional museum.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ten years later, in the 1930s, there were already 72,000 people in Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The number of industrial enterprises by 1940 was close to 1,900.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

New factories and plants continued to be created in the city, where automatic lines were introduced.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ryazan in the Great Patriotic War


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 23, 1941, the Ryazan Region switched to martial law.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The front line approached the region in the fall of 1941, at which time the Ryazan region became a theater of operations.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan was of great strategic importance, as highways connecting Moscow with the central and eastern regions of the country pass through it.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

German troops raided the city every day, dropped about 320 bombs and destroyed many houses.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The main target of the German bombers remained the city center and the railway junction with the station.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

On October 26, the city defense committee was formed in Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

From the air, the city was covered by the 291st anti-aircraft air defense regiment, one of the firing emplacements of which was located directly on the Kremlin shaft.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

On November 27, 1941, the city went under siege.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The difficulty of defense was that at that time around Ryazan there was not a single regular unit of the Red Army, and all defensive actions fell on the shoulders of the citizens.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

German troops were stopped 30 kilometers from the city.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Their last frontier on the territory of Ryazan land is the village of Zakharovo.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Residents of Ryazan distinguished themselves on the battlefields.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The memorial plaques of the Wall of Glory on Victory Square and in the Memorial Park contain many names.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Among them are Marshal of the Soviet Union, People's Hero of Yugoslavia Sergei Biryuzov, National Hero of Italy Fedor Poletaev, pilot Antonina Zubkova, partisan Vladimir Molodtsov, commander of the 213th Squadron Nikolai Stroikov, regiment commander Ivan Zavrazhnov, and many others.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The Ryazan Region as a whole sent about 386 million rubles to the front, and Ryazan — more than 46 million rubles.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

At the expense of citizens, the Ryazansky Rabochiy aviation squadron and the Ryazansky Zheleznodorozhnik armored train were created.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In 1944-1945, plant No. 463 of the NKAP (now the Ryazan State Instrument Plant) produced G-11 amphibious gliders.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city has become a major training center for the personnel of the Red Army.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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It housed a hospital and air base, an infantry, artillery and automobile school.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Every day, trains to the front went through Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

During the war, the city became the founder of the modern Polish army, and the Polish Army was created in Ryazan and the small village of Seltsy in 1941-1942.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In memory of this, many monuments and memorial plaques have been installed in the city, the main of which is located on the central square of the park of the Soviet-Polish Brotherhood.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ryazan after the war


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Immediately after the war, the city began to develop rapidly.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ryazan is becoming a major industrial, scientific and military center of the European part of Russia.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Giant factories are emerging in the city, occupying entire urban areas.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Among them are the largest oil refinery in Europe, the only manufacturer of potato harvesting equipment in the country - the Ryazselmash plant, the counting and analytical machines plant, the machine-tool plant, heavy forging and pressing equipment plant, Centrolit foundry, chemical fiber enterprise, instrument plant and others.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The leading areas of industry are heavy and non-ferrous metallurgy, oil refining and machine-tool industries, mechanical engineering and the food industry.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

More than half of the plant's products were exported, the Ryazan brand was known in China, India, Cuba, Vietnam, the USA, Eastern and Western Europe.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In addition to the pedagogical institute that opened in 1915, several large scientific universities have been built in the city at once - a medical university, a radio engineering academy, an agricultural institute, cultural institute.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

An extensive network of technical schools and colleges is being created.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city's military potential is finally being formed


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan is becoming the main training center of the Airborne Forces of the country.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city was surrounded by numerous training centers and military training grounds.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Several positions of anti-aircraft missile systems defended the city sky.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

In addition to the Airborne Forces School, there was an automobile school and a military institute of communications, a regiment of railway troops, an air base of strategic bombers and a training center in Diaghilevo.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The city received particularly rapid development during the work of Nadezhda Chumakova, Chairman of the Ryazan Council of People's Deputies and Mayor of Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Under her, the population of the city increased more than sevenfold — from 72 to 520 thousand people, more than 20 urban districts were built, landscaped and received social, cultural and household facilities, hundreds of kilometers of trolleybus, tram and bus routes.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

One of the fundamental strategies for the development of the city at that time was landscaping.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ryazan was surrounded by green rings of forests, parks and garden associations.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Large parks were located in every district of the city, and flower compositions and vertical gardening became familiar not only for central streets, but also for industrial zones and factory buildings.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ryazan has been repeatedly declared the winner in landscaping and landscaping among the cities of the Soviet Union.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

For her 26 years of work, Nadezhda Chumakova has repeatedly accepted the passing Red Banner awarded to Ryazan.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Official symbols


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The coat of arms and flag of the city is an image of the Prince standing in a golden field and holding a silver sword in his right hand and a silver sheath in his left hand.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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A sword raised to his chest symbolizes defense, but not attack.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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The image of the prince is a collective image of the defender of the Motherland and has nothing to do with a particular person [16].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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The shield of the coat of arms is crowned with a Monomakh hat, symbolizing the status of the capital of the principality and is supplemented with shield holders - a silver horse and a golden phoenix griffin.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The silver horse is a tribute to the very first, “Ryazan seal”, and the phoenix griffin symbolizes the eternal existence of the city and the revival from the ashes of numerous fires and battles.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

The coat of arms is framed by a ceremonial chain — the official sign of the head of the municipality and a ribbon with Ryazan's motto — “Glorious History — Decent Future” [17].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ceremonial coat of arms


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Small coat of arms


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Coat of arms of 1779


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The anthem of Ryazan is the composition “Oh, Kremli!” officially performed by Valentina Tolkunova.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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There is also an unofficial amphibious anthem of the city - “Capital of the Airborne Forces” performed by the group “Winged Infantry”.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

A tourist sign of the city is a stylized image of the three domes of the Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin, which are modified for certain events and holidays.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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City Day is celebrated on the first Saturday of August.


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Honors


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Since the middle of the 20th century, Ryazan has repeatedly accepted the passing Red Banner and the State Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the RSFSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions for the best results in improvement and landscaping among cities the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

On November 24, 2015, by order of Governor Oleg Kovalev, Ryazan received the honorary title of “City of Military Valor” for the courage, perseverance and mass heroism shown by the defenders of the Fatherland [18].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Management bodies


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Mini|242x242pcs|Government building of Ryazan Region.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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The municipality of Ryazan, the Ryazan City Duma, adopts city laws and manages the budget and municipal property.


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The Duma consists of 40 deputies.


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Half of them are elected by constituencies, the rest — by party lists.


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Yulia Rokotyanskaya is the Chairman of the City Duma.


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Acting Mayor of Ryazan is Sergey Karabasov.


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The main campus of the city authorities is located in the Malshin mansion, the facades of which overlook Radishchev, Svobody and Lenin streets.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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City departments and committees are located in different parts of the city.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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The administration of the city of Ryazan is divided into 4 districts and 26 urban microdistricts.


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The districts of the city are managed by city prefects.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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In urban prefectures, citizens can receive primary care.


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Control over the administration in the districts is in the hands of the Councils of Territories, of which there are 20 in


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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The Soviets, in turn, elect their representatives to the Civic Chamber of Ryazan.


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Ryazan has a youth parliament that prepares draft legislative initiatives, and a youth administration, which are training centers for city personnel.


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The youth activists headquarters is also engaged in work with young people.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan also has regional governing bodies: the Ryazan Regional Duma, the Government of the Ryazan Region, the headquarters of the governor, and departments of federal state structures.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Reception is provided at the highest level in two city and one country residence.


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Administrative divisions


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

Ryazan

Ryazan is divided into 4 districts of the city [1] [2]:


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Soviet,


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Railway,


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Moscow,


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Oktyabrsky.


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The districts of the city are not municipalities [2].


Question: How far is Ryazan from Moscow?

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Ryazan is the administrative center of the Ryazan region, a city of regional significance [1], which forms an independent municipality — the Ryazan urban district [2].


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In addition, the governing bodies of the Ryazan District are located in the city.


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The resort microdistrict of Solotcha, in turn, is a green urban enclave completely surrounded by the Ryazan District.


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Solotchinskoye highway, which connects the microdistrict with the center of Ryazan, also administratively belongs to the city.


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The Ryazan Kremlin has a special status as a federal historical and architectural museum-reserve.


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population


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During the years of Soviet power, the population of Ryazan grew more than fivefold, while since 1939 it has increased by 100 thousand people every decade.


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In the middle of the 20th century, Ryazan participated in the state program for providing housing to builders of the North - many workers of enterprises located beyond the Arctic Circle subsequently received apartments and registration in the city.


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Some decline in growth activity was observed in the 1990s, which coincided with the general demographic decline in the country.


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According to 2013 data, 528,900 thousand people permanently live in the city with a stable population growth.


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Daily pendulum migrations of the Ryazan agglomeration and the Moscow-Ryazan transport hub provide the city with a constant influx of residents and skilled labor.


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Many citizens live in country houses in the Ryazan and Moscow regions, while working and receiving services in Ryazan.


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A developed transport and road network contributes to such migration.


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National composition


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According to the 2010 All-Russian Census, representatives of the following peoples live in Ryazan:


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Russians: 95.8%;


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Ukrainians: 0.8%;


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Belarusians: 0.3%;


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Armenians: 0.5%;


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Azerbaijanis: 0.3%;


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Mordovians: 0.2%;


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Tatars: 0.2%;


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The rest: 1.9% [19].


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Society


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Civil society


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Civil society plays an extensive role in the life of the city.


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Several public supervisory organizations are constantly operating in Ryazan.


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One of them, the Committee for the Defense of the Ryazan Kremlin [20], established in 2006 to oppose the transfer of the federal reserve to the ownership of the metropolis, today, in fact, operates all architectural and cultural supervision in the city.


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Thanks to the work of environmental organizations, Ryazan has adopted a program to clean unauthorized landfills, the presence of which is indicated by the citizens themselves, an arboretum is being created [21], and water water area [22], green patrols are working.


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The Public Committee of the Ryazan Cycling Movement is independently building [23] bicycle highways in the central part of the city.


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This activity attracted the attention of the authorities, who promise to build [24] several such highways passing through the entire territory of Ryazan.


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Public hearings, which are required by law during the construction of facilities in the city, almost always gather full halls.


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Often, the construction of many facilities to the detriment of the city can be canceled [25].


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Policy


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Political activity in the city changes over time.


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In the early 1990s, political changes in the country had the most active support in the city, up to riots, dual power, demolition and protection of monuments to Lenin, armed barricading in the building city council.


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In 1996-2004, the political course changed dramatically in favor of the Communists and the monopoly of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the management of the city and the region


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These years have been marked by a time of stability.


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The subsequent change in the vector of power, the elections to governor of Georgy Shpak in 2004 led to the revival of economic, political and civic life.


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The elections of heads of regions of Russia in 2012 showed how much socio-political life in Ryazan has increased compared to the previous decade, the Ryazan region received the largest in Russia the number of candidates for governor is 10 people, with the active work of opposition parties.


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However, at the same time, Ryazan has remained one of the “red” regions of the country over the past 20 years.


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Religion


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Ryazan is the center of the Ryazan Metropolis of the Russian Orthodox Church, which includes three dioceses.


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The Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin is a cathedral for Orthodox Christians of the Ryazan region.


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The Metropolis is the owner of most confessional churches in the city and the sole holder of monasteries.


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The Cathedral of the Old Believers is the Church of Sorrows.


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In addition to them, the city also houses confessional institutions of Catholics, Lutherans, Baptists, Autonomous Church, Pentecostals, Charismatics, as well as the Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses and Mukhtasibat Muslims, for whom an Islamic cultural center is being built [26].


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Criminality


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In the 1990s, one of the largest criminal groups in the country, the Slonovskaya organized crime group, operated in Ryazan.


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“Elephants” managed to monopolize the criminal market of the city and the region.


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Starting in 1991 with petty racketeering and playing thimbles, members of an organized criminal group reached raiding industrial enterprises, trade in cars, real estate, contract killings, and armed attacks.


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By 1995, they managed to take possession of the entire business market of the city for a short time, but already in 1996 the Ryazan Organized Crime Control Department began work on the detention of bandits, which were completely eliminated only by 2000.


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At the same time, it was necessary to build the largest trial chamber in Russia for the trial.


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The former mayor of Ryazan and chairman of the city Duma Fedor Provotorov, who ruled the city for 8 years, is associated with activities in this organization.


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Today, according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the crime rate in Ryazan is one of the lowest among the cities of the Central Federal District.


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For example, in the first six months of 2012, the crime rate amounted to 579.6 crimes per 100,000 population.


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This is slightly more than in the region as a whole, but almost half as much as in the Central Federal District, where this figure is 839.


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In addition to police crews, the city is patrolled by students of military universities and voluntary people's squads, whose headquarters are located in all urban districts.


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At the moment, Ryazan is almost completely covered by a video surveillance network.


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Police alarm buttons are equipped on the central streets and squares of the city, as well as at railway stations and near large shopping centers.


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Terrorism


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One of the first terrorist acts in the modern history of Russia was the explosion on April 3, 1994 on Voznesenskaya Street in Ryazan.


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He was connected with the struggle of the Slonovskaya organized crime group with other criminal groups of the city.


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Thanks to a technical malfunction, the explosion destroyed only the terrorist himself, one of the members of the Hayrapetovskaya organized crime group Sergey Manikin, however, they planned the destruction of the Ascension Church together with all people who were there during the service.


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On September 22, 1999, an incident occurred in Ryazan in connection with the discovery of three bags with a substance similar to sugar in the basement of one of the residential buildings on Novoselov Street, later called” Ryazan sugar”.


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The task force that arrived at the site found the presence of RDX in these bags (the analysis was later found to be erroneous) [27].


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An electronic clock made in the form of a pager and three batteries connected by wires were also found in one of the bags.


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The response time of the device was set at 05:30am.


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On September 23, a test explosion of one kilogram of the discovered substance was carried out at a test site near Ryazan, but the explosion did not occur [28].


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Economics


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Industry


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The city is home to the Ryazan Oil Refining Company (JSC RNPK), which produces gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, fuel oil, bitumen, etc.


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petroleum products.


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Before the Great Patriotic War, two-thirds of the city's gross industrial output came from the food, light and woodworking industries.


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After the war, Ryazan became an important industrial center with a predominance of mechanical engineering, petrochemical and food industries, as well as the production of high-precision instruments.


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Since the mid-50s of the XX century, the construction of factories began in the city, which now occupy entire urban areas.


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Currently, the city accounts for 60% of the gross industrial output of the region.


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The presence of large universities and design bureaus in the city makes it possible to provide industrial personnel with qualified labor.


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Since 2010, construction of the Ryazan Special Economic Zone has begun in the Pronsky District of the Ryazan Region near Novomichurinsky.


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It is also planned to build an industrial technopark near Ryazan (in the village of Varskiye) with a predominance of science-intensive technologies.


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Tourism


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Ryazan land is one of the oldest territories in Russia and is the historical successor of the Grand Ryazan Principality.


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For this reason, the urban development strategy pays special attention to tourism.