Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

After Turkey joined the Central Powers in October 1914, Russia was deprived of its main trade routes through Turkey, while Germany blocked the Baltic Sea.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The blockade has also complicated military imports.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Germany itself produced a large amount of ammunition, while fighting on two main fronts [6].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By the beginning of 1917, the protracted First World War had greatly heated the situation in Petrograd.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Military hyperinflation has led producers to hold bread en masse, hoping for an even greater increase in prices.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

As researcher S. A. Nefyodov, by the end of 1916, the traditional market supply system for cities began to fall apart, and the tsarist government began to make its first attempts to organize bread distribution.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On September 8, 1916, Nicholas II approved the regulation of the Council of Ministers on the criminal liability of traders and industrialists “for raising or lowering prices for food items or necessary needs” [7].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Historian of February 1917, contemporary of the events of S. P. Melgunov in his study argues that the postulate about hunger as the cause of the revolution is presumably lifeless and untenable [9].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On the other hand, S. A. Nefedov asserts the opposite and conducts a detailed economic analysis of the mechanism of supply disruptions [10] due to military hyperinflation.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The authorities of Petrograd themselves, represented by General Khabalov S. S. and Mayor Balka A. P., estimated the bread reserves in Petrograd at the time of the beginning of the revolution as sufficient.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Researcher Richard Pipes joins this assessment, but also points to military hyperinflation and interruptions in the supply of fuel to Petrograd.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Chairman of the State Duma Rodzianko M. V. gives the following evidence three months before the revolution:


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The food situation became very bad, the cities were starving, the villages were sitting without boots, and at the same time everyone felt that Russia had plenty of everything, but that nothing could be obtained because of the complete collapse of the rear.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Moscow and Petrograd were without meat, and at the same time, newspapers wrote that in Siberia there were broken carcasses at stations and that all this reserve of half a million pounds would rot at the first thaw.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

All attempts of Zemstvo organizations and individuals were broken by criminal indifference or complete inability to do anything on the part of the authorities.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Every minister and every boss blamed someone else, and the culprits could never be found.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The government could not think of anything but a temporary stop of passenger traffic to improve food.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

But then it turned out to be a scandal.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During one of these stops, the locomotives were spoiled: they forgot to release water from them, frosts hit, the pipes broke, and instead of improving, they only worsened traffic.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Attempts by Zemstvo and trade organizations to hold congresses to discuss food issues, the government refused, and congresses were not allowed.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Those who came from the field in charge of food, pushed without result from ministry to ministry, carried their grief to the chairman of the State Duma, who, in the absence of the Duma, portrayed persona people's representation [11].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Uprisings broke out in Petrograd; in February 1917, crowds appeared on the streets with the inscriptions on posters “Down with the War”.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Heavy losses during the war also strengthened the opinion that Tsar Nicholas II was not fit for rule [6].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By 1917, the losses of the Russian Empire in the First World War reached (according to various estimates) from 775,000 to 1.3 million.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

dead soldiers (killed in battle, missing, died of wounds and diseases, died in captivity), from 2.75 to 3.85 million


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

from 2 to 3.4 million wounded.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

prisoners, as well as up to 1 million


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

civilians (see para. Losses in the First World War).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The war has greatly devalued human life, making the death of millions of people habitual.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In the history of Russia, for the first time, a huge army was recruited to mobilize, through which up to 15 million people out of the 175 million population passed.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

80-90% of the mobilized soldiers were peasants, including those who came to the army with their ideas about “land and will”.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Part of the army was made up of personnel factory workers, mobilized in 1914-1916 and replaced at factories by immigrants from villages.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In October 1916, Director of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Vasiliev A. T. presented a report on the mood of the population on the ground, indicating that “the main reason for anger is the monstrously growing high cost”, in both capitals, the “opposition of sentiments” is much surpasses the level of 1905, which could lead to the outbreak in the capitals of “major unrest of a purely spontaneous nature”.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, the head of the Kronstadt garrison reports that in the event of riots, troops cannot be counted on due to their unreliability [10].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Richard Pipes points out that


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

It is impossible to understand what happened [in February 1917] without taking into account the composition and conditions of detention of the Petrograd garrison.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The garrison consisted, in fact, of recruits and retirees enrolled in the replenishment of the reserve battalions of the Guards Regiments that went to the front, stationed in peacetime in Petrograd.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Before being sent to the front, they had to undergo general military training for several weeks.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The number of training units formed for this purpose exceeded any permissible norm: in some reserve companies there were more than 1,000 soldiers, and there were battalions of 12-15 thousand people; in total 160,000 soldiers were squeezed into barracks designed for 20,000 soldiers.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Soldiers were subjected to a number of humiliating restrictions: they were allowed to travel in trams only at the entrances and exits, and in theaters they were not allowed to sit next to officers.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Since 1915, the army has restored the death penalty [12] and batogi whipping, and officers have extended the appeal to “you” to soldiers and assault.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

General Dubensky D. N., who in February 1917 was in the royal retinue as an official historiographer, noted that “there were battalions that had 12,000 to 15,000 each. All this was placed in a crowded form in barracks, where people were accommodated to sleep in two, three and four tiers. It became difficult to observe such units, there were not enough officers, and the possibility of propaganda existed full. In fact, these reserve battalions were not at all Preobrazhentsy, Semenovtsy, huntsman, etc. None of the young soldiers were in the regiments yet, but only trained in order to later join the ranks of one or another Guards Regiment and get the spirit, face of the unit and absorb its traditions. Many of the reserve battalion soldiers were not even sworn in. That is why this young contingent of so-called Guards soldiers could not be stable and, having come out on February 24, 25 and 26 to pacify the riots, staggered and then began senseless and ruthless soldier's rebellion” [13].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In addition, part of the soldiers and sailors were mobilized workers, including those who had previously participated in revolutionary activities; primarily this applied to the Kronstadt Naval Base, and also to the Helsingfors naval base.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The conditions of military service in Kronstadt were difficult and were accompanied by a number of humiliating restrictions for lower ranks, for example, sailors were forbidden to walk along the eastern side of the main street, at the entrance to Ekaterinsky Boulevard had an inscription prohibiting the entry of “dogs, soldiers and sailors” [14].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Unrest in the troops and navy began long before 1917: for example, on October 19, 1915, the battleship Gangut, standing on the Helsingfors raid, rebelled, and on May 2, 1916, the first case of refusal was noted Cossacks to disperse the crowd.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

As noted by researcher S. A. Nefyodov, in October 1916, riots of soldiers took place at distribution points in Gomel and Kremenchug, on October 17, soldiers of the 181st regiment join the crowd of workers in the Vyborgsky district of Petrograd, 29 On October 1916, soldiers summoned to disperse the strike opened fire on the police instead of workers.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

French Ambassador to Petrograd Maurice Paleolog, in his report to the French Foreign Ministry, notes this incident as “very indicative” and states that “... in the event of an uprising, it is impossible count on the army... we must now foresee the bankruptcy of our ally [Russia] and draw all the necessary conclusions from this.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The last straw was the closure of the largest Putilov plant in Petrograd on February 21-22 by the authorities - workers tried to go on strike, despite the fact that the plant was nationalized with the outbreak of the war, and strikes at state-owned military factories were prohibited.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

This step threw 36,000 embittered workers into the streets.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The mood of Petrograd workers was the most explosive; for example, on February 8, Putilov workers threw iron debris and pieces of slag at the police.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Various liberal parties (see also Zemstvo) at this time widely participate in various public organizations.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

With the outbreak of the war, a movement of public “military-industrial committees” was unfolded to help the state supply the army, and in July 1915 the Central Military-Industrial Committee was established under the chairmanship of prominent Octobrist Guchkov.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Opposition sentiment was especially facilitated by the retreat of 1915; in August 1915, the dominant Progressive Bloc was formed in the State Duma on the basis of a coalition of parties of cadets and Octobrists.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The Duma opposition attacks the tsar, demanding the introduction in the country of a “responsible ministry” (that is, a government appointed by the Duma and responsible to the Duma), which would actually mean the transition of Russia from autocracy to the regime of constitutional monarchy.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The Tsar rejected these proposals.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

He created a new headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, headquartered in Mogilev and, according to researcher Wood, left “most of the government” in the hands of the Empress, who remained under considerable influence Rasputina [15].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

All these factors led to a sharp loss of confidence in the regime in 1916.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

This year, Guchkov, according to his own later memoirs, is trying to organize, on the model of the palace coups of the XVIII century, a coup with the aim of abdicating Nicholas II, and replacing him with one of Grand Dukes.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In November, Pavel Milyukov in the Duma openly accused the government of the Russified German Stuermer B.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

V. in the conduct of peace negotiations with Germany.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In December, a small group of nobles killed Rasputin.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On January 1, 1917, a group of conspirators invited Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich to take the throne of Tsar Nicholas II.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The Grand Duke refused such a proposal, saying that “the man and the soldier will not understand the violent coup”, but did not inform the tsar anything either.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

After Nikolai Nikolaevich refused, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich began to be considered the main candidate for the role of the new tsar.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

According to Wood, none of these incidents were the direct cause of the February Revolution, but they help explain why the monarchy survived only a few days after it broke out [15].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the end of February, interruptions in the supply of food to Petrograd forced the city authorities to decide to introduce bread cards with a rate of one pound per person per day.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

This decision caused panic and a desire to stock up on bread, and there were several pogroms of bakeries.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

As the supply crisis grows in Petrograd, strikes are becoming more frequent.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Striking workers often “shoot” neighboring factories, forcing them to join the strike by force.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

With the beginning of the uprising of the Petrograd garrison, the same method began to be widely used by rebellious soldiers.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

S. A. Nefyodov notes that the tsarist government was fully aware of the approach of the revolution, starting preparations for its suppression in January 1917.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The weakness of these plans was that they, as noted by Spiridovich A. I., did not provide for the uprising of reserve battalions in Petrograd.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, it was supposed to rely not on all mobilized soldiers, but first of all on training teams.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

However, these calculations were also wrong — training teams were the first to join the revolution.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The only force loyal to the tsar was the police, of whom there were only about 3.5 thousand in Petrograd. Hopes for the loyalty of the Guards units were also greatly exaggerated; all Guards units located in Petrograd during the revolution joined the uprising, including one hundred His Imperial Majesty's Own Convoy.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In addition, by 1917, up to 70% of the pre-war guard had already died at the front and were (sometimes more than once) replaced by mobilized ones.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Richard Pipes comments on the position of the tsarist government in the last days of its existence as follows:


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Nothing better illustrates the government's detachment from reality than the decision of the tsar to go to Mogilev at this most tense and difficult moment.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

He intended to spend a week there to meet with General Alekseev, who had just returned to the Headquarters after treatment in Crimea.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Protopopov had no doubts about this decision.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On the evening of February 21, he assured the Tsar that there was nothing to worry about and he could go with a calm heart in the confidence that the rear was in good hands.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By the evening of the following day, the king left.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

And two weeks later, he returned as a private person, Nikolai Romanov, and under escort.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The security of the capital was entrusted to very incompetent people: the Minister of War, General M. A. Belyaev, who climbed to this height up the steps of the military bureaucratic ladder and received the nickname “dead head” among his colleagues, and the district commander General Khabalov, professional experience which did not go beyond the offices and military academies.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The last tsarist Minister of Internal Affairs Protopopov A. D. was fond of mysticism [16] [17], and some contemporaries expressed doubts about his mental normality [18] [19].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

After the revolution, Protopopov was arrested and kept under guard for some time in a mental hospital.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The tsar himself to the first panic telegrams of the Chairman of the State Duma, Chamberlain Rodzianko M. V., replied about the beginning of the revolution: “Again this fat man Rodzianko writes me all sorts of nonsense,” the queen reports that “boys and girls run around and shout that there is no bread.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On the other hand, the duties of Nicholas II as Supreme Commander-in-Chief required him to stay at the Headquarters; a few days before departure, Generals Alekseev and Gurko, as well as Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich [20].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

According to the memoirs of British Ambassador J.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Buchanan, “the emperor, over whom rock seemed to gravitate, spent January and February in Tsarskoye and realizing the impossibility of further absence from the headquarters, returned to Mogilev on Thursday, March 8” [21].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Richard Pipes assesses the situation of Nicholas II at the end of 1916 as follows:


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By the end of 1916, all political parties and groups had united in opposition to the monarchy.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

However, this was their only point of contact — they did not agree on anything else.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The far left was not satisfied with anything less than a radical transformation of the political, social and economic structure of Russia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Liberals and liberal conservatives would be content with parliamentary democracy.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Both, despite all their differences, were talking about institutions of power.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On the contrary, the far right, which has now also joined the opposition, has focused on the personalities of politicians.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In their opinion, it was not the regime itself that was to blame for the Russian crisis, but the people who stood at the helm of the authorities, namely the German Empress and Rasputin.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

And as soon as they were removed from the political arena, they thought it would go well.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In 1983, the recognition of the main liberal ideologist of the February Revolution, Minister of the First Composition of the Provisional Government P. N. Milyukov, which he made in a narrow circle of like-minded people after his resignation, in May 1917 [22], and then stated in one of his letters shortly after the October Revolution [23]:


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

“You know that the firm decision to use the war to produce a coup was made by us shortly after the outbreak of the war, you also know that our army was supposed to go on the offensive (in the spring 1917), the results of which would radically stop all hints of discontent and would cause an explosion of patriotism and glee in the country. You now understand why I hesitated at the last minute to give my consent to the coup, and you also understand what my internal state should be like at the present time. History will curse the leaders of the so-called proletarians, but it will also curse us, who caused the storm.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During the revolution, even his closest relatives, the Grand Dukes, refuse to support Nicholas II.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

As of February 1917, there were 15 Grand Dukes in Russia [24].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Of these, virtually none supported the king.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At least three grand dukes, Nikolai Mikhailovich, Nikolai Nikolaevich and Georgy Mikhailovich, at the end of 1916 unsuccessfully tried to persuade the tsar to introduce a “responsible ministry” (that is, in fact, to the introduction of a constitutional monarchy).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The most influential of them, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich, during the events agitates Nicholas II for abdication, the most likely successor, Mikhail Alexandrovich, refuses to accept power.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On March 1, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich goes over to the side of the revolution.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In addition, several Grand Dukes — Pavel Alexandrovich, Kirill Vladimirovich and Dmitry Konstantinovich — during the revolution draw up their own draft manifesto on abdication (“grand ducal manifesto ”).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Meanwhile, Social Democratic leaders, who were in exile, mainly in Switzerland, watched the collapse of the solidarity of international socialism.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The French and German Social Democrats voted in support of their governments.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Plekhanov in Paris became a fierce enemy of Germany.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The Mensheviks believed that Russia largely had the right to defend itself against Germany, although Yuliy Martov, now part of the left wing of the Mensheviks, demanded an end to the war and a settlement the basis of national identity, without annexations and contributions [15].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Since the fall of 1914, Lenin argued that “from the point of view of the working class and the working masses, the lesser evil would be the defeat of the tsarist monarchy”; the war must be turned into a civil war of the proletariat against their own government, and if the proletariat wins, it will be their duty to wage a revolutionary war for the liberation of the masses throughout Europe.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Thus, Lenin remained a representative of the radical wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Subsequently, Lenin organized protests in Petrograd [25].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Economic and social changes


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The elementary theory of ownership, according to many peasants, was that land should belong to those who cultivate it.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, peasant life and culture are constantly changing.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The changes contributed to the physical movement of a growing number of peasant villagers who migrated from industrial and urban settings but also migrating urban culture to the countryside, through the press and word of mouth [26].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The workers also had good reasons for discontent: overcrowded housing with often deplorable sanitary conditions, long hours at work (on the eve of the war, the working day was 10 hours, six days a week, 1916, on average, it increased to 11-12 hours a day), a constant risk of injury and death from a very low level of safety and sanitary conditions, strict discipline (not only rules and fines, but also whipping) and insufficient wages (even lower after 1914, wartime, there was also an increase in prices and costs of services).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, urban industrial life was full of advantages, although they lived just as dangerously in terms of social and political stability and difficulties.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

There was a lot of encouragement from which more was expected.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The acquisition of new skills has given many workers a sense of self-esteem and confidence, raising expectations and desires.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Living in cities, workers face material benefits that were never available in the village at the time.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Most importantly, those living in cities were exposed to new ideas about social and political goals [27].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The social causes of the revolution mainly came from centuries of oppression of the lower classes of the tsarist regime, and Nicholas's failures in the First World War.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Although the peasants were released from serfdom in 1861, they were still dissatisfied, as they were forced to pay redemption payments to the state, which demanded a communal tender of land, for that they used to work for.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The problem is further aggravated by the failure of Sergei Witte's land reform in the early 1900s.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

There was an increase in peasant unrest, and sometimes uprisings, in order to ensure ownership of the land on which they worked.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Russia consisted mainly of poor peasants, 1.5% of the total population owned 25% of the land.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The rapid industrialization of Russia has led to overcrowding of city prisons and poor conditions for urban industrial workers.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Between 1890 and 1910, the population of the capital, St. Petersburg, increased from 1,033,600 to 1,905,600, and Moscow experienced a similar significant population growth.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

This created a new “proletariat”, which, probably due to the growth of the population in cities, organized protests and strikes there.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In 1904, it was found that in each apartment in St. Petersburg, an average of sixteen people lived, six per room.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The apartments did not have running water, and piles of human waste posed a threat to the health of workers.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Poor conditions only aggravated the situation, and shortly before the First World War, the number of incidents of disturbances of public order was rapidly increasing.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The First World War only added to the chaos.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Military duty has ceased to be performed in all regions of Russia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The huge demand for workers and the production of military materials at the plant caused riots and strikes.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Skilled workers from cities who were supposed to replace unskilled peasants are deprived of military service, and then when famine becomes a problem due to a poor railway system transport, workers left cities in droves to find food.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Finally, the soldiers themselves, who suffered due to lack of equipment and protection, in turn stood up against the king.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

This happened because during the war, many of the officers who were loyal to the king were killed and replaced by dissatisfied conscripts from major cities who had little faith in the king.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Germany was one of the sponsors of the revolution, interested in a change of power and a quick end to the war.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Socio-economic processes that took place in Russia during the revolution


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The revolution in Russia took place against the background of a number of social, economic and political processes, some of which have been going on in the country for more than one century.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The February Revolution of 1917 did not lead to an instant resolution of all Russian problems.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The processes that have been going on until that time have not stopped.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Prerequisites for the 1917 revolution in Russia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By the time the February Revolution of 1917 began, a difficult situation had been created in Russia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Participation in the First World War required great efforts from the country: for the first time in the history of Russia, almost fifteen million army was mobilized.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Since at least 1915, the need to mobilize the economy has become obvious.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Financing huge military spending causes the country to quadruple prices compared to the pre-war level, and by December 1916, the country faced the need to introduce an extension.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The general tension of forces caused by the war is combined with the split of society and the powerful political opposition.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In the last months of the monarchy's existence, not only radicals and the liberal Progressive Bloc, which dominated the State Duma, opposed the tsar, but also a number of right-monarchical deputies and even several Grand Dukes.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

After the “Myasoedov case” of 1915, espionage was widespread in Russian society, which led to the German pogrom in the summer of 1915 in Moscow, and suspicions of espionage, including one of the last tsarist prime ministers, Russified German Stuermer B.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

V., and even Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The last tsarist ministers make a number of blunders, placing a large base of reserve battalions in the capital of the country out of economy, and not taking any measures to combat the revolutionary sentiments of sailors Kronstadt Naval Base.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Just before the revolution, the tsar himself leaves the restless capital to the Headquarters in Mogilev, and after the beginning of the events, on February 24, he writes to his wife: “My brain is resting here — neither ministers nor troublesome issues that need to be considered.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The democratization of the army in Russia in 1917.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During the February Revolution, the Petrosoviet issued Order No. 1, originally intended only for rebellious soldiers of the Petrograd garrison, but spontaneously spread throughout the army.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The actual abolition of unity of command in the army (“democratization of the army”) led, instead of the expected increase in its combat readiness by some liberals and socialists, to an increase in its combat readiness, to an increase in anarchy in the form of refusals soldiers to go on the offensive and lynching officers, there is a huge increase in desertion.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

As a fight against the collapse, since April 1917, a movement of “strike units” (also called “revolutionary”, “assault”, “death units”) has been unfolding, in parallel with soldier organizations officer organizations are beginning to form.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The land issue in Russia in 1917.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The rapid growth of the population during the reign of Nicholas II increased the surplus of labor in the village (the “land issue”).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The February revolution leads to the fact that peasants begin mass self-seizure of land on the model of the revolution of 1905, and the weak and indecisive Provisional Government is unable to them hinder.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Without receiving goods from the city, the peasants are extremely hostile to the first attempts to introduce an extension in the country, first begun by the tsarist government in December 1916, and continued by the Provisional government in 1917.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The failure of the extension continues to worsen the situation both in cities (labor strikes, falling labor productivity, including due to malnutrition) and in the army.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The actual beginning of the “black redistribution” of the land is pushing the peasant army in its composition to desert.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Another factor that prompted desertion was the progressive collapse of supplies to the army; by December 1917, famine began on the Western Front.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The degradation of the economy in 1917.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The interim government is unable to solve the food problem, which worsened in 1916.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Attempts to introduce forced extension fail due to the resistance of landowners and peasant communities.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In March 1917, bread cards were introduced with a rate of 1 pound of bread per person per day, by September 1917, the norm in Petrograd and Moscow was reduced to half a pound, significant interruptions in the supply of bread are observed on front.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The lack of fodder for horses limits the actions of cavalry and horse artillery.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On March 29, 1917, the Provisional Government introduced a “grain monopoly”, continuing the attempts of the tsarist government that began at the end of 1916 to switch to forced extension.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

These attempts also failed: in general, by July 1917, the plan was implemented by 60%.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The plan for grain procurement for July-August 1917 was already fulfilled by 40%.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

First of all, bread went to the front, increasingly aggravating the situation in the cities.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, the crisis in industry is growing: huge military spending and the railway crisis are aggravated by the disorganization of production caused by the revolutionary activities of workers.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Even before the revolution, the shutdown of the supply of imported raw materials caused a fuel crisis in 1914-1915 (part of the coal was supplied from Britain through the Baltic Sea, now blocked by Germany).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

With the outbreak of the war, the industry begins to experience difficulties with the supply of raw materials (due to the fact that the railways were primarily engaged in military transportation), the transition of most factories to defense orders, mobilization of workers to the front.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

After the February Revolution, these problems only worsen, accompanied by a drop in labor productivity.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The fall in labor productivity has been noted since 1914-1915 due to ill-conceived mobilizations of the most experienced workers, and their replacement by less experienced and qualified ones.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

After the victory of the revolution, production discipline also falls noticeably; as noted by Golovin N. N. in his fundamental work “Military Efforts of Russia in the World War”, managerial and technical personnel were terrorized by workers and could not control them.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The fall in labor productivity in the Moscow metalworking industry by April 1917 amounted to 32%, the Petrograd industry — by 20%, coal production in Donbass by July 1917 — by 30%.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By the summer of 1917, about 20% of Petrograd plants were closed, and in general, there was a drop of 20-30% in industry.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In total, by July, 568 Petrograd factories and plants were closed, and 104,670 workers were dismissed.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

To the emergence of “work control”, overestimated requirements for raising wages are added.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Thus, Kutler's report to the Provisional Government indicates that at 18 enterprises of the Donetsk basin, with a total gross profit over the past year of 75 million rubles, workers demanded an increase a salary of 240 million rubles per year.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Workers in the Moscow textile industry demanded a six-fold increase in wages, on average, workers demanded a three-to-four times increase in wages.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The interim government is forced to subsidize a number of factories, as well as raise the salaries of soldiers, railway workers, employees of the postal and telegraph department, and this department demanded an increase a salary that is more than twice the income from mail.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The Petrosoviet demanded that 11 billion rubles be allocated for rations for soldiers' wives, which approximately corresponded to all state budget revenues for 1915.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, tax revenues are falling by an average of 30-40%, which further frustrates public finances.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

It is becoming increasingly difficult for the government to attract external loans, and the internal “freedom loan” has actually failed.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Under pressure from the Socialists, the Provisional Government is trying to transfer the burden of taxation to the upper classes (income tax, inheritance tax, tax on “military excess profits”, etc.), but to no avail.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The result is the final loss of control over the money issue and the growth of public debt.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

From March to October 1917, 6.5 billion rubles were printed, while in July 1914 — February 1917 7.5 billion rubles were printed.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The purchasing power of the ruble fell to 27 kopecks by the beginning of February 1917.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

from the pre-war level, by October it was already up to 6-7 kopecks.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During 1917, the national debt increased sharply, from 33.6 to 60 billion rubles, interest payments reached 3 billion rubles per year.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Thus, the depreciation of the ruble and the growth of public debt under the Provisional Government in six months of its authorities were approximately the same scale as in all three previous years of the war.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By the end of July, the number of paper money in circulation reaches 13,916 million rubles, while providing 1,293 million rubles in gold (before the outbreak of the war, about 2 billion rubles of paper money were in circulation).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In August 1917, the Kerensky government issued a new type of money (kerenki), which were produced in the form of uncut sheets, did not have any degrees of protection, numbers and series, and had a low quality, as a result of which they were counterfeited in huge quantities, and quickly lost the trust of the population.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

State purchases of bread in February-October were fulfilled only for 48% of the needs, in August-October by 33.5%.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In the fall of 1917, a famine in the army begins, in mid-October, the commander of the Northern Front, General Cheremisov V. A. informs the government that “It remains to eat up the crackers, after which hunger will begin with all the consequences.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By June 1917, the influence of the Bolsheviks was increasing significantly.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

They seek dominance in the system of factory committees (19 out of 25 seats in the Central Council of Factory Committees), form their own armed units (the Red Guard).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By June 1917, the number of Bolsheviks increased to 240 thousand people.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Key structures in 1917


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Political parties in Russia in 1917.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Political parties in Russia were legalized by Nicholas II after the revolution of 1905.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

After the February Revolution of 1917, right-monarchical movements were defeated, and liberals and socialists began to dominate the political life of the country, who were pushed back during 1917 the Bolsheviks are the radical wing of social democracy.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Compared to other socialists, the Bolsheviks had a number of features, primarily a rigid centralized organization based on Lenin's doctrines of “democratic centralism”, “the vanguard of the working class” and “bringing consciousness”.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

An analysis of the educational, age, social and national composition of delegates to the congresses of the RSDLP (b) and the Bolshevik faction of the Constituent Assembly shows a relatively low level of education, the average age of the Bolsheviks in 1917 was 30-35 years, by nationality, Russians represented about 50% of the party, Jews - about 20-25%, and there was also a significant number Latvians, Poles, Georgians, etc.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Advice.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Soviets first appeared in Russia during the revolution of 1905, and Trotsky L. D. The system of Soviets began to form in 1917 during the February Revolution, as early as February 27.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In the spring of 1917, the system of Soviets gradually appeared throughout the country, which, due to the spontaneity of its formation, was chaotic.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The All-Russian Meeting of Soviets, which took place in March 1917, begins the process of forming disparate Soviets into a single all-Russian system.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The general organization of the Soviets is finally determined with the convening of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies, which elected the highest body of Soviet power operating between the Congresses — the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Since the very appearance of these bodies, representatives of the wealthy classes that dominated the State Duma after the “third June coup” (“censorship elements”, “censorship bourgeoisie”) have been isolated from the elections to the Soviets.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The Soviet system consists mainly of workers, peasants and soldiers (“revolutionary democracy”), on whose behalf the Socialists act.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

From February to September 1917, the Soviets were dominated by moderate socialists (Social Revolutionaries and Mensheviks), and from September radicals (Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries, see para. Bolshevization of Soviets).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In the conditions of Russia with its centuries-old class traditions, a division is being formed into Councils of Workers and Soldiers Deputies and Councils of Peasant Deputies, the I and II All-Russian Congresses of Soviets as well are held separately.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Elections of different categories of voters are held disproportionately, artificially creating a “bias” primarily in favor of soldiers, and secondly in favor of workers.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

From the first days of the existence of the Soviets, an ambiguous regime of “dual power” has been formed in Russia, in which a number of institutions and commissars of the Provisional Government and Soviets duplicate each other.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Radicals (Bolsheviks, Left Social Revolutionaries, anarchists) put forward the slogan of destroying the “dual power”, dissolving the Provisional Government, and transferring all power to the Soviets, in the words of Trotsky L. D., the Bolsheviks “were just going to turn the Soviets de jure into what they were already de facto.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Moderate socialists (Social Revolutionaries and Mensheviks) object to this, considering the Provisional Government the only legitimate power in the country, and not wanting to assume the responsibility of management by the state.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, the Social Revolutionaries and Mensheviks demand the introduction of socialist ministers into the Provisional Government as opposed to cadet ministers (“capitalist ministers”).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

State Duma of the IV convocation.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By the beginning of the February Revolution, the State Duma had long become an opposition force to the tsar (see para. Progressive Bloc), which insistently demanded from Nicholas II a “responsible ministry” (a government appointed by the Duma and responsible to the Duma).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The future composition of the Provisional Government in general terms was actually compiled by the Duma oppositionists before the revolution.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During the February events, the tsar dissolves the Duma, but it actually refuses to dissolve under the pretext of “private meetings”, which were not formally considered meetings of the State Duma.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During the first half of 1917, the revolution completely came out of the control of former Duma oppositionists, who were quickly losing all influence.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In September 1917, the Minister-Chairman of the Provisional Government Kerensky A. F. dissolves the State Duma as “counter-revolutionary”, declares Russia a republic, and forms a new configuration of authorities: the Directory (temporarily, until the formation of the 3rd composition of the Provisional Government) and Pre-Parliament as an advisory body.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In addition, the strengthening of the Soviets turns the slogan of the “responsible ministry” into a political anachronism, which finally died out with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The Provisional Government of Russia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The government was not effective enough.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

His policy was aimed at the Westernization of Russia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During the February Revolution, the State Duma forms, under the pretext of “restoring order in the capital”, the Provisional Committee of the State Duma, which became the new government in the face of revolutionary chaos and cessation activities of the tsarist government headed by Prince Golitsyn N. D. After it became known about the abdication of Nicholas II and the refusal of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich to accept power without an appropriate decision of the Constituent Assembly, the Provisional Committee forms The Provisional Government of Russia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Thus, the Provisional Government positioned itself as the only legitimate government in the country formed by the Duma created during the popular elections, and existing only before the convocation of the Constituent Assembly.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In addition, even Nikolai himself, in his farewell order to the troops (however, never published), called on the army to “obey the Provisional Government.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On the other hand, a number of contemporaries raised questions about the procedure for the formation of both the Provisional Government and the Provisional Committee of the State Duma that preceded it, which was not elected in any way, and was appointed Duma deputies during private meetings.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In addition, the powers of the State Duma of the IV convocation itself expired in 1917.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Chaos in Petrograd began to grow in February 1917.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During the revolution, 10,000 people are released from prisons.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

, and a number of criminals have been released along with political prisoners.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Many revolutionary soldiers of the Petrograd garrison and Kronstadt sailors get out of control, and begin to rob the population.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During the revolution, the unpopular police are dissolved, but the “people's militia” that replaced them is unable to effectively perform police functions.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Under the People's Militia Act, even persons who had criminal records and were deprived of their rights could be recruited into it, as a result of which criminals sometimes became local police chiefs, who have just escaped from hard labor.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

According to the memoirs of Captain Nikitin B.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

V., “[counterintelligence agents] often return empty-handed and report in perplexity that they immediately run into escaped prisoners performing official duties there in police stations. Often, senior counterintelligence officials in policemen standing on the streets also recognize their old customers” [28].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

General Denikin A. I. calls the People's Militia of the Provisional Government “not even a surrogate of the police, but its caricature” [29].


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, persons under investigation and trial on charges of a crime, insolvent debtors under guardianship for waste, owners of brothels could not become a policeman .


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, a number of armed groups are emerging that are not controlled by the central leadership — the “workers' militia” and the “Red Guard”.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The French ambassador to Petrograd Maurice Paleolog describes the Red Guard as “a gathering of declassified and Apaches”.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During the revolution, the Provisional Government dismisses all governors.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

However, when Prince Lvov, who headed the first government, was asked to appoint new governors, he said that “This is a matter of old psychology. The Provisional Government has removed the old governors and will not appoint anyone. They will choose on the ground. Such issues should be resolved not from the center, but by the population themselves... We are all infinitely happy that we have managed to live to this great moment, that we can create a new life for the people — not for the people, but together with the people... The future belongs to the people who have revealed their genius in these historical days. What a great happiness it is to live in these great days!..” [30]


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

A number of contemporaries describe the first prime minister of the Provisional Government, Prince Lvov, as a weak and indecisive politician.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Richard Pipes describes it as “calm and harmless.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, literally from the first days of the revolution, the Duma socialist deputy Kerensky A. F., whom the French ambassador to Petrograd Maurice Paleolog describes as follows: “The young deputy Kerensky, who has created a reputation for himself as a lawyer in political trials, turns out to be the most active and the most determined of the organizers of the new regime.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Kerensky finds himself in two opposing institutions at once: in the first composition of the Provisional Government as Minister of Justice, and in the Petrosoviet as a friend (deputy) chairman.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

During its existence, the Provisional Government manages to survive three government crises: April (caused by the note of Foreign Minister Milyukov about the war to the bitter end), July ( caused by the July riots in Petrograd, negotiations with Ukraine on autonomy, Finland's demands to grant it independence), and August (Kornilov's speech).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

As a result of the April crisis, Kerensky becomes Minister of War, the July crisis - Minister-Chairman (at the same time remaining Minister of War), following the results of the August crisis, makes an attempt to concentrate power in their own hands (appointing oneself Supreme Commander-in-Chief, forming a Directory, etc.).


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The indecision and weakness of the Provisional Government is superimposed on the continuing degradation of the economy under it: hyperinflation that has not stopped, the explosive growth of public debt, and the formation of” black market”, the failure of attempts to organize an extension.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The widespread participation of Mensheviks in the work of the Provisional Government leads to a decrease in their popularity; in the elections to the Constituent Assembly, the Mensheviks gain only 3% of the vote, the lion's share of which is represented by Georgia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

An additional reason for criticism is the extreme delay in the elections to the Constituent Assembly; after long delays, these elections are scheduled only for November 12.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Russian Orthodox Church


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The reaction of the Russian Orthodox Church to the February Revolution was difficult.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The last years of the monarchy's existence have set a number of the highest hierarchs of the Church negatively towards the personality of Grigory Rasputin, who repeatedly personally interfered in the appointment of the Synodal Chief prosecutor and bishops.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Already during the revolution, the dismissal of former appointees of Rasputin began.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In general, the Church comes to the conclusion that since the Tsar abdicated the throne, and Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich recognized the Provisional Government, then the Church should also recognize it.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On March 7, 1917, the Russian Orthodox Church amended the text of the oath for persons of Christian confessions, removing the mention of the tsar from it, and adding the obligation to “serve the Provisional Government”, on March 9, the Synod issued the message “To the Faithful Children of the Orthodox Russian Church on the Events Experiencing Today”, which also recognized the Provisional Government.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In general, the position of the Church to some extent knocked the ground from under the feet of right-monarchical movements, depriving them of ideological support.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, a certain part of both the priesthood and the flock perceive the situation in the country as “interregnum”.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The Russian Orthodox Church sees the fall of the monarchy as a convenient excuse to finally move from the synodal control introduced by Peter I to the patriarchal structure.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Since April 1917, preparations began for the convening of the Local Council, which contemporaries perceived as “a church analogue of the Constituent Assembly”.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

For the first time, the Church began to demand the convening of the Council during the revolution of 1905, but Nicholas II, while in power, blocked all these demands.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The cathedral opened in August 1917, immediately beginning to discuss the transition from the synodal structure to the patriarchal structure.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The October armed uprising of 1917 in Petrograd ended the hesitation of the clergy, pushing them to decide to restore the patriarchate; in the words of Bishop Mitrofan of Astrakhan,” Russia is burning, everything is dying. And how can we now argue for a long time that we need a tool for gathering, for the unification of Russia? When there is a war, one leader is needed.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The first conflict between the Church and the new government, apparently, occurred in November 1917, and was connected with the arrest, among other ministers of the Provisional Government, as well as the Minister of Confessions Kartashev A. IN..


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Kartashev was released only in February 1918 on the promise “not to fight against Soviet power.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On November 24, 1917, the Local Council demanded that the Bolsheviks release him, stating that


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In the Peter and Paul Fortress, together with other members of the Provisional Government, Minister of Confessions A. IN. Kartashev said.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

His state activity during his 7 months in the Government leaked before the eyes of the entire Russian society and was imprinted by constant loyalty to the principles that are laid down in the basis of Russia's new state system.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

A. IN. Kartashev came from a simple peasant family and never sought broad social or state activities.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

His involvement in the Government was unexpected and to some extent accidental for him, since only yielding to the persistent requests of public figures who were in power for the first days of the revolution, he agreed to join the Government first as Comrade Chief Prosecutor, then Chief Prosecutor and, finally, Minister of Confessions.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

For the Orthodox Church, A. IN. Kartasheva was extremely beneficial and was marked by his invariably sympathetic attitude to all her needs.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

By the way, with his active participation, the Church Council could take place, which the best sons of the Church of Christ had long dreamed of, and which the power of the old order could not give the Church.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Expressing firm confidence that A. IN. Kartashev had nothing that could be the subject of public court and tarnish his good name, and bearing in mind that many of his comrades on the committee, equally responsible for activities Governments as a whole have long been liberated.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The All-Russian Church Council insists on the immediate release of A. IN. Kartasheva from the Peter and Paul Fortress.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The 1917 Land Decree led to the confiscation and distribution among peasants, including church land, which reached 300,000 hectares in Russia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

On December 11, all church schools were transferred to the subordination of the People's Commissariat of Education, on December 18, registration of acts of civil status was transferred from the Church to the secular authorities, and the unlawborn were equal in rights.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

However, on the whole, the Church did not react to these steps in any way.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

In December 1917, the Council adopted a document “On the Legal Status of the Russian Orthodox Church”, which demanded, among other things, that “the head of the Russian State, the Minister of Confessions and the Minister of the People's Enlightenments and their Comrades must be Orthodox” while all Bolshevik leaders considered themselves atheists.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

At the same time, in Tobolsk, where the royal family was in exile at that time, a conflict erupts over Bishop Hermogen of Tobolsk and Siberia.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Already on December 25, 1917, in the Intercession Church, Deacon Evdokimov, in the presence of the royal family, proclaimed them “many years”, addressing them using full titles, from “sovereign emperor” to” Grand Duchesses”.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

After that, he was arrested, and the rector of the church, Archpriest Vasilyev, said during interrogation that he did not recognize the authorities of the councils of “crayfish and dog deputies” [32], and Evdokimov himself that “the defense will come soon royal, wait a little longer, get yours in full.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Despite the acute conflict with Grigory Rasputin in 1912 (in particular, Germogen called Rasputin a “swindler and libertine”), and with the tsar personally, Bishop Germogen responded to the incident told the Bolsheviks that “Russia is not legally a republic, no one has declared it such and is not competent to declare it, except for the alleged Constituent Assembly... in the actions of the clergy of the Intercession Church I have not seen and do not see anything reprehensible.”


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Hermogen was able to pull the arrested themselves out of arrest and send them to a monastery.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

Nikolai himself comments on this conflict with an entry in his diary:


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

We learned with indignation that our good Fr. Alexey is involved in the investigation and he is under house arrest.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

This happened because during the moleben, the deacon remembered us with the title, there were many shooters of the 2nd regiment in the church, and as always, the fuss caught fire from there.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The activities of Bishop Germogen lead to increased suspicions of his alleged organization of the tsar's escape from Tobolsk, and ties with the White Guard Tobolsk organization “Union of Front-Line Soldiers”, led by former tsarist staff captain Vasily Lepilin.


Question: Is it true that Russian experienced warriors were disguised as young and this was the tactic of Peter the Great?

The Russian Revolution of 1917

According to rumors circulating in the city, Germogen allegedly even prepared the schooner “St. Mary” for escape, standing on the pier on the Irtysh [33].