Question: Where does Silent Hill 3 take place?

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Question: Where does Silent Hill 3 take place?

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Question: Where does Silent Hill 3 take place?

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Question: Where does Silent Hill 3 take place?

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Question: Where does Silent Hill 3 take place?

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Question: Where does Silent Hill 3 take place?

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Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Fleita (Latin: flauta, from flatus - whiff [1]) is a labial wind musical instrument in which the primary source of oscillations is an air jet that cuts against the edge of the instrument wall [1], called labium (German: labium - lip).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The oscillation source drives the air column in the flute channel and produces a sound of a certain height.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

One of the oldest musical instruments [2].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It belongs to the woodwinds group.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

According to the method of holding, the flutes are divided into longitudinal, transverse and semi-transverse (diagonal).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Longitudinal flutes come with a whistle device (mouthpiece) [1] and without it.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

A flute with a closed end of the barrel opposite to the performer (closed flute) sounds an octave higher than the same size flute with an open end (open flute).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

History


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The oldest form of the flute is the whistle.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Gradually, finger holes began to be cut through the whistle tubes, turning a simple whistle into a whistle flute, on which musical works could already be performed.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The first archaeological findings of the flute date back to 35,000 to 40,000 BC, so the flute is one of the oldest musical instruments [3].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The longitudinal flute was known in Egypt five thousand years ago, and it remains the main wind instrument throughout the Middle East.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It was widely distributed in Europe in the 15th—17th centuries.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The longitudinal flute, which has 5-6 finger holes and is capable of octave blowing, provides a complete musical scale, individual intervals inside which can change, forming different modes by crossing fingers, closing the holes by half, and changing the direction and strength of breathing.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Now it is rarely used in the performance of early music.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The transverse flute with 5-6 finger holes was known in China at least 3,000 years ago, and in India and Japan more than two thousand years ago.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In Europe, during the Middle Ages, mainly simple whistle-type instruments (predecessors of block flute and flageolet) were common, as well as a transverse flute that penetrated into the Central Europe from the East through the Balkans, where it is still the most common folk instrument.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

By the end of the 17th century, the transverse flute was improved by French craftsmen, among whom Otteter stands out, who, in particular, added valves to the six finger holes for performance full chromatic scale.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

With a more expressive sound and high technical capabilities, the transverse flute soon replaced the longitudinal (block flute) and by the end of the XVIII century took a strong place in the symphony orchestra and instrumental ensembles.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Between 1832 and 1847, Theobald Boehm improved the instrument, which has changed relatively little since then.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It has introduced the following most important innovations:


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

1) placed the large finger holes in accordance with acoustic principles, and not the convenience of performance;


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

2) equipped the tool with a system of valves and rings that helps to close 15-17 holes or even more with 9 fingers, depending on the so-called options and tool system (German, which is the original Boehm system, or French, which is a hybrid of the Boehm system and the Old French system);


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

3) used a cylindrical channel of the barrel section with a conical-parabolic head instead of the reverse conical one that took place until 1847, which improved intonation and leveled the sound in different registers;


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

4) switched to the use of metal for the manufacture of the instrument, which, compared to a wooden instrument, increased the brilliance of the sound.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

(Previously, wooden flutes were most often used, as well as, less often, glass and ivory. As a result of numerous experiments with different materials, Boehm came to the conclusion that silver contributes to the purest sound, so today it is part of both alloys for more cheap student models, and is an addition to gold and platinum in the most expensive professional models.) But Boehm's greatest merit is that thanks to the ingenious valve mechanism, it became possible to perform chromatic scales and works on the flute in all keys without exception.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Modern orchestras use the usual large flute (its timbre is diverse, but somewhat cold, and the sound strength is low), a small flute with a sharp sound (octave higher), less often an alto flute in the Sol formation (its timbre is slightly warmer), extremely rare bass flute (octave lower).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Longitudinal


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

No whistle


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Longitudinal flute muzzle


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Kena


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Shakuhachi


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Xiao


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In flutes without a whistle device [1], an air jet is formed and directed to the pointed edge by the performer's lips and his ear pad.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Kalyuka


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Kalyuka (from prickly [4]), also forcing [5], thorn [6], overtone flute [4], grass pipe [7] is a wind musical instrument that is a kind of longitudinal overtone flute, since natural overtones are blown out during the performance of playing this musical instrument [7].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It is a hollow cylinder with special holes made of a thorny tartar stalk or some other plants.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Experts became aware of the use of the instrument in Russian traditional culture only in 1980, after which it was widely used in Russian folklore ensembles.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In folk culture, it is considered exclusively masculine.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Tools similar to Kalyuk are found among many peoples of the world.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Playing the kalyuk is carried out by opening and closing the lower hole of the tube with your finger, as well as changing the strength of the air jet supplied by the mouth to the instrument.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

During the game, the musical instrument is held vertically down with both hands so that the lower hole can be opened or closed with the index finger pad.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The size of a musical instrument may vary, depending on the height and length of the hands of the player playing it.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

For children, this is from 25 cm to 30 cm, and for adults it is from 72 cm to 86 cm. The length of the tube is also adjusted to the owner's height.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The length is considered acceptable if the lower hole on the pipe could be covered with the palm of the hand or fingers.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Therefore, the length of the flute should not exceed the size of the outstretched arm from the shoulder to the fingertips.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The body of the kaluka has a conical passage that tapers slightly from top to bottom.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The inner diameter of the tubes is from 15 to 25 mm.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The diameter of the outlet does not exceed 12-14 mm, and the upper hole is 19-23 mm.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Dudka was discovered in 1980 by students of the Moscow and Leningrad Conservatories in the villages of Bolshebykovo and Podserednee, located halfway from Belgorod to Voronezh.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Kena


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Quechua: qina, Spanish: quena is a longitudinal flute used in music in the Andean region of Latin America.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It is usually made from cane.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It has six upper and one lower finger holes.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Usually made in G formation. The kenacho flute (Quechua: qinachu, Spanish: quenacho) is a variant of the ken with a lower sound, in line D.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In the 1960s and 1970s, kena was actively used by some musicians working in the nueva canción direction.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In most cases, the instrument was used in specific song compositions, but individual groups, such as Illapu, resorted to its capabilities regularly.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Subsequently, in the 1980s and 1990s, Kena was also involved in rock bands, such as Soda Stereo or Enanitos Verdes.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The instrument is also found in ethnic music.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

With whistle device


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

See also the Flute with Whistling Device category.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In flutes with a whistling device [1] (whistling flutes), an air stream is formed and directed to the pointed edge through a special channel in the mouthpiece of the instrument.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Recorder


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Recorder (German: Blockflöte - flute with block) is a type of longitudinal flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

This is a brass wooden musical instrument from the whistle family.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

An insert (block) is used in the design of the head part.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Related tools: pipe, saddle, whistle.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The recorder differs from other similar instruments by the presence of 7 finger holes on the front side and one on the back - the so-called octave valve.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The two lower holes are often made double.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

8 fingers are used to close the holes during the game.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Fork fingering is often used to take notes (when the holes are closed not in turn, but in a complex combination).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Among the varieties of the longitudinal flute, the recorder is defined as the most important.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In Europe, it has been widespread since the 11th century; later the popularity of this instrument increased, as a result of which in the period from the 16th to the 18th century the recorder was the most an actively used and common type of flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The instrument is characterized by a soft, warm, cantiled (that is, melodious) timbre, but at the same time it has limited capabilities in terms of dynamics.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The recorder is often used in musical works by composers such as I. S. Bach, A. Vivaldi G. F. Handel et al.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Due to the fact that the sound of the recorder is quite weak, its popularity gradually decreased due to the spread of the transverse flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

However, this variety is currently enjoying some interest for some reasons, including the trend towards the revival of early music and the possibility of using a recorder as an educational tool (since the technique of playing it is relatively simple) [8].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Whistle


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Whistle (from English: tin whistle, literally translated “tin whistle, pipe”, pronunciation options (Russian): whistle, vistle, the first is more common) is a folk longitudinal flute with six holes on the front, widely used in folk music from Ireland, Scotland, England and some other countries.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The most popular are small whistles in key D. They are tuned an octave higher than other wind instruments (a regular flute, for example, or bagpipes), and the notes for them are respectively recorded an octave lower .


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

However, the popularity of the so-called low whistle, a longer modification of the instrument, which sounds approximately in the same range as a regular flute, is also increasing.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

There are also whistles in other keys; they are defined as transposable (that is, all whistles are considered instruments in key D, even if they actually sound higher or lower) [9].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Pipe


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The pipe is a Russian folk wind musical instrument, a kind of longitudinal flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Sometimes it can be double-barreled, while one of the trunks is usually 300-350 mm long, the second is 450-470 mm.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

At the upper end of the barrel there is a whistling device, in the lower part there are 3 side holes for changing the pitch of sounds.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The trunks are tuned together in a quart and give a generally diatonic scale in the septima volume.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In addition, a pipe can also be understood as an outdated wind instrument, which was characterized by a double tongue inserted into a special cup; later on its base, by some simplifying the design (in particular, eliminating the use of the cup) was developed by the oboe.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In this sense, the pipe correlates with the bombard, the woodwind instrument that was the predecessor of the bassoon.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The pipe was historically its first and smallest type [10].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Pyzhatka


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Pyzhatka is a Russian folk wind musical instrument, a wooden flute, traditional for the Kursk region of Russia


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It is a wooden tube with a diameter of 15-25 mm and a length of 40-70 cm, at one end of which a wooden cork (“wad”) is inserted with an oblique cut that directs the blown air to the pointed edge a small square hole (“whistles”).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The term “pyzhatka” can also be considered as a synonym for the concept of a nozzle - a type of longitudinal whistle flute, which is also a traditional Russian folk wind instrument, the most the oldest among those who were in circulation among the Eastern Slavs.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

This variety was characterized by a diatonic scale and a range of up to two octaves; when changing the strength of the air flow and using special fingering, chromatic scale.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It is actively used by amateur groups both as a solo and as an ensemble instrument< [12].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Double


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Main article: Double flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Whistling flute made of two tubes.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Multi-stem


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Main article: Multi-barrel flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Multi-barrel flutes consist of several tubes of different lengths fastened or unfastened together, each of which emits one fundamental tone.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The upper ends of the tubes are located at the same level next to each other.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The lower end of the tube is open or closed with a stopper.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The tubes are brought to the lips in an upright position and blow on their upper cut.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Siringa


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Siringa (Greek) is an ancient Greek musical instrument, a kind of longitudinal flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The term first appears in Homer's Iliad (X,13).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Single-barreled siring (srigmonokalamos) and multi-barreled siring (srigi poluklamos) differed; the latter was later given the name of Pan's flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Russian translators traditionally convey the word “pipe” with a somewhat vague word [13].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The Greek word served as the anatomical name for the vocal organ of birds (see syrinx).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Siringa is known as a traditional wind instrument of shepherds and peasants in antiquity.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

This variety often appears in ancient Greek poetry; it was also used for musical accompaniment of stage performances, including in ancient Rome.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Subsequently, the instrument also penetrated into later European folk music [14].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Pan's Flute


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Fleita Pana is a class of woodwind instruments, a multi-barreled flute consisting of several (2 or more) hollow tubes of various lengths.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The lower ends of the tubes are closed, the upper ones are open.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The name is due to the fact that in antiquity, the invention of this type of flute was mythologically attributed to the deity of forests and fields Pan.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

When playing, the musician directs the flow of air from one end of the tubes to the other, as a result of which the air columns enclosed inside begin to oscillate, and the instrument whistles of a certain height; each of the tubes produces one basic sound, the acoustic characteristics of which depend on its length and diameter.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Accordingly, the number and size of the tubes determine the panflute range.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The tool can have a movable or fixed plug; depending on this, different ways of fine-tuning it are used [15].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Kugikli


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Kugikly (kuvikli, tsevnitsa) is a Russian folk wind musical instrument, which is a kind of multi-barreled flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The tool is a set of hollow tubes of various lengths and diameters.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Pipes are made from stems of kugi (marsh reeds), reeds, bamboo, tree branches and shrubs that have a core.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The upper open ends are located at the same level, the lower one is closed by the barrel assembly.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The flute is usually made up of 3-5 tubes of the same diameter, but different lengths (from 100 to 160 mm).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The tool tubes are not fastened together, which allows them to be changed depending on the required structure.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Bringing the upper ends of the tubes to the mouth and moving them (or head) from side to side, they blow on the edges of the sections, extracting, as a rule, short, jerky sounds.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

A set of five pipes in the hands of one performer is called a “pair”.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Transverse


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

See also the Cross Flute category.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Modern flute


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Modern orchestral flute (often simply “flute”; Italian: flauto from Latin: flatus — “wind, whiff”; French: flûte, English: flute, German: Flöte) is a woodwind musical instrument soprano register.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The pitch of the sound on the flute changes by blowing (extracting harmonic consonances with the lips), as well as by opening and closing the holes with valves.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Modern flutes are usually made of metal (nickel, silver, gold, platinum), less often wood, sometimes glass, plastic and other composite materials.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The name is due to the fact that during the game, the musician holds the instrument not in a vertical, but in a horizontal position; the mouthpiece, respectively, is located on the side.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Flutes of this design appeared a long time ago, in late antiquity and in ancient China (IX century BC) [16].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The modern stage of development of the flute begins in 1832, when the German master T. Boehm improved it; over time, this variety replaced the previously popular longitudinal flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The modern flute is characterized by a range from the first to the fourth octave; the lower register is soft and deaf, the highest sounds, on the contrary, are piercing and whistling, and the middle and partly upper registers have a timbre that is described as gentle and melodious [17].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Piccolo flute


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Fleita Piccolo (often called simply piccolo or small flute; Italian: flauto piccolo or, French: petite flûte, German: kleine Flöte) is a woodwind musical instrument, a variety of modern flute, the highest sounding instrument among wind instruments.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It has a brilliant, piercing and whistling timbre in the fort.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The small flute is twice as short as the ordinary flute and sounds an octave higher, and a number of low sounds cannot be extracted on it.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The piccolo range is from d² to c5 (pe of the second octave to the fifth octave), and there are also instruments that have the ability to take c² and cis².


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Notes are written an octave lower for readability.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Mechanically, the small flute is arranged equivalent to the usual flute (not counting the absence of “D flat” and “before” the first octave) and therefore is characterized by generally the same performing features.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Initially, within the framework of the orchestra (starting from the second half of the 18th century), the small flute was intended to strengthen and extend upwards the extreme octaves of the large flute, and it was recommended to use it more in opera or ballet than in symphonic works.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

This was due to the fact that in the early stages of its existence, due to insufficient improvement, the small flute was characterized by a rather sharp and somewhat rough sound, as well as a small degree of flexibility.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It should also be noted that this type of flute is quite well combined with ringing percussion instruments and drums; in addition, the small flute can be combined in an octave with an oboe, which is also generates an expressive sound [18].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Irish flute


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The Irish flute (English: Irish flute) is a transverse flute used to perform Irish (as well as Scottish, Breton, etc.) folk music.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It is a transverse flute of the so-called simple system - its main 6 holes are not closed by valves, when playing, they are closed directly by the fingers of the performer.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

The Irish flute is found in versions with valves (from one to ten), and without.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Despite its corresponding name, the Irish flute by its origin does not have a direct connection with Ireland [19].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In fact, it is an English version of a transverse wooden flute, which for quite a long period of time was known as the “German flute”; the British subjected it certain modifications, and the most significant of them were made by the English inventor and performer Ch. Nicholson Jr. [20] [21].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Many classical and some modern variations on this flute include the use of metal flaps and additional tone holes, which makes it possible to achieve partial or full chromatic scale.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Dee


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Di (, from Old Chinese hengchui, handy - transverse flute) - ancient Chinese wind instrument, transverse flute with 6 playing holes.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In most cases, the di trunk is made of bamboo or reeds, but there are di made of other types of wood and even stone, most often jade.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Dee is one of the most common wind instruments in China.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

It is assumed that this type of flute penetrated the country from Central Asia in the 2nd-1st centuries BC. e.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Its air injection hole is located near the closed end of the barrel; in the immediate vicinity of the latter there is another hole, which is covered with a thin film of reeds or cane (there is, however, an option without film, which is called “mendi”).


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

For adjustment, the remaining four holes are used, which are located at the open end of the barrel.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

This instrument is played in the same way as a transverse flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Depending on its use in works of certain genres, two types of di are distinguished: quidi and baidi [22].


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Vascular


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Main article: Vascular flute.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

These are flutes with a body shape that differs from most other flutes.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

In Russia, a traditional similar flute is a children's toy whistle.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

European ocarina flutes and English ocarina have the largest musical range.


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Notes


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Literature


Question: How many holes does the flute have?

flute

Category:Musical instruments alphabetically


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Uzbekistan women's national football team

Uzbekistan Football Camp (Uzbekistan: Oʻzbekiston ayollar milliy futbol terma jamoasi/Uzbekiston aillar milliy football terma jamoasi) is a national women's team representing Uzbekistan at international football tournaments and matches.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

The organization that controls and manages the national team is the Football Association of Uzbekistan, which is a full member of AFC and FIFA.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

I participated in the Asian Women's Cup five times, and always finished the tournament in the group stage.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

It has no continental and international success.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

It was organized in 1995, four years after the independence of Uzbekistan.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Participating in competitions


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

FIFA Women's World Cup


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Until 1991, it was part of the USSR.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Women's football tournament at the Summer Olympics


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Until 1991, it was part of the USSR.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

The next Summer Olympics will be held in 2020.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

AFC Asian Women's Football Cup


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Until 1991, it was part of the USSR.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

The next Asian Women's Cup will be held in 2022.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Women's football tournament at the Asian Games


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Until 1991, it was part of the USSR.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

The next Asian Summer Games will be held in 2022.


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

See also


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

1995-2005 Uzbekistan women's national football team matches


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Uzbekistan women's national football team matches 2006-2015


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

2016—2025 Uzbekistan women's national football team matches


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

References


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Category:Women's football in Uzbekistan


Question: When was the German women's national football team organized?

Uzbekistan


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Fartsovka is the slang name for the clandestine purchase/resale (speculation) of scarce imported goods that are difficult to access or inaccessible to an ordinary Soviet man in the street banned in the USSR.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The vast majority of items of supply and demand for patrons were clothing and accessories.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Sound carriers (vinyl records, audio cassettes, reels), cosmetics, household items, books, etc. were also popular.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The exact origin of the concept of “fartz” is not known for certain.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Some of the representatives involved in the collection of modern folklore believe that the roots come from the old Odessa word “forets”.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

“Foretz” was called “a man who speaks a lot and knocks down the price with his eloquence, buys goods cheaply and immediately sells it at exorbitant prices nearby.”


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Persons engaged in fartsovka were called “patrons” (self-names: “iron”, “bombing/o”, “farza”, “farets”, “maklak”, “delovar”, “stalman”).


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The patrons were mainly young people (students), as well as persons who, by the nature of their activity, had the opportunity to communicate closely with foreigners: guides, interpreters, taxi drivers, prostitutes, etc.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The objects of fartsovka, or the phenomenon itself, was generally called “fartsa”.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The vast majority of buyers in the market for goods obtained by patrons (in the 50-60s) were the so-called. “dudes”.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Later, in the 1970-1980s, everyone who had money and wanted to dress in an original way, buy imported consumer goods or equipment, books or imported music recordings resorted to the services of patrons.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

During these years, the sources of fartsovka have also changed, and the concept itself has acquired a broader meaning.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Now the main occupation of most of those who were called patrons was to buy scarce goods and food products through friends who have cronyism or the opportunity to travel abroad.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

etymology


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

According to writer B.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

N. Timofeev, expressed in the book “Are We Speaking Correctly?” published in the 1960s , the word blacksmith is a distorted slang word “forcer”, which originates from English: for sale as part of a standard question that the patron addressed a foreign tourist: English: Do you have anything for sale?


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

(“Do you have anything to sell?”) [2].


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

History


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The VI World Festival of Youth and Students, held in 1957 in Moscow, became the cradle of fartsovka as a large-scale phenomenon.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The foundation of the fartsovka was made up of three pillars:


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

— shortage of goods,


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

— the presence of a large number of foreigners in a given city,


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

is a disproportionate official exchange rate.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The absence of any of these conditions led to the fact that fartsovka did not take place in this locality.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Where foreigners were not found, there was no one to buy goods from.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

And an adequate exchange rate would make it pointless for foreigners to sell goods taken with them on a trip from their hands.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The economic basis of fartsovka was:


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

the presence in the second half of the 20th century of a significant demand for high-quality, beautiful, rare or original things, goods with a total shortage in the USSR.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The “slightly open” Iron Curtain — foreign citizens had the opportunity to visit major cities of the USSR as tourists.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

the absence of criminal punishment directly for this activity (however, they could be detained, accused and tried for currency transactions, often accompanying fartsovka, for speculation; also specifically for administrative liability was introduced “for molesting foreigners”).


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Often, such accusations remained unprovable, and it was impossible to overcome this phenomenon.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Fartsovka was most widely used in Moscow, Leningrad, port cities and tourist centers of the USSR.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The end of the fartsovka was the establishment of first shuttle and then ordinary trade exchange between the republics of the former USSR and foreign countries at the end of perestroika in the early 90s of the XX century.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Slang


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Fartz, farza, fartsovnik are the same as a black man


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

An iron is the same as a patron in Moscow slang (from the need to “iron” down the street back and forth next to the hotel to meet with the firm)


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Firmach is a foreigner


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Hamschik, purukumschik (from English: gum, Finnish: purukumi - chewing gum; also “ironing”) is usually a juvenile (6-14 years old) beggar who does not deal with currency, begs or exchanges from foreigners every little thing — pens, cigarettes, small souvenirs and, of course, gum.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Bomb, bomb — enter into business relations with a firm (foreigner)


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Dime (English: dime) is a coin with a face value of 10 US cents


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Greens, greens, croutons — US dollars, convertible currency


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Cabbage is money


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

A comic book, a comic, a lump is a thrift store, one of the sales channels of the “firm”


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Label (English: label) — patch, trademark sticker


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Self-strok is a fake, a thing with a foreign label for a “company” made in the USSR or Poland by shop workers.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Throw off — sell a company


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Maxat (from Finnish: maksaa) — pay


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The company is the actual subject of fartsovki — clothes, shoes, accessories of the firm


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Carrot (from Finnish: markka) — Finnish brands


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Bundoshka — German marks


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Puser (from Finnish: pusero - jacket) - sweatshirt


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Shovel (from Finnish: lompakko — wallet) — wallet


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Shed, bus (English bus) — foreign tourist bus


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The highway is the Vyborg-Leningrad highway, along the entire route of which there were places chosen by patrons for their business: parking lots, hotels, restaurants, sanatoriums...


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Galera is a gallery of the Gostiny Dvor department store in Leningrad, a place of sale of stuffed goods


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Yugi — Yugoslavs


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Bundesa — Germans from Germany


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Dederons (from the German name for nylon - dederon), holes (from the abbreviation DDR) - Germans from the GDR


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

United States tourists from the United States


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

British tourists from Great Britain


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Alera — tourists from Italy


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Dates, tourmalaya — tourists from Finland


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

In culture


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

One of the first mentions is the newsreel series “Wick”, where Leonid Bykov played the role of the black man.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Fartsa (2015)


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

See also


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The deficit in the USSR


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

The Eighties


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Speculator


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Speculator in foreign currency


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Rokotov-Faibishenko-Yakovlev case


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Notes


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

References


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Pavel Romanov, Elena Yarskaya-Smirnova.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Romanov P., Suvorova M.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Mikhail Weller.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

— artistically outlines the history, essence, mechanism of fartsovka.


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

with Alexander Lipnitsky, patron and musician of the band “Zvuki Mu”


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Category:Economy of the USSR


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Category:Khrushchev thaw


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Category:Period of stagnation


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Category:Informal economy


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Category:Crime


Question: When was the term “dudes” introduced?

Fartsovka

Category:Sovietism


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Hoi An [1] (Vietnamese: Hội An, pronunciation) is a city of provincial subordination in Quang Nam Province in central Vietnam.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The population is more than 120,000 people, mostly Vietnamese, and there is a small Chinese community.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Square — 60.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1999, dating back to the 15th and 19th centuries, it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as an example of a well-preserved commercial port in Southeast Asia.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Its layout and numerous ancient buildings reflect local and foreign influences on the architecture and life of pre-colonial Vietnam [2].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Hoi An reflects the fusion of indigenous cultures (Cham and Viets) with foreign cultures (originally Chinese and Japanese, later European) [2].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Due to the abundance of pleasure and fishing boats, various boats, floating restaurants that move along the river and canals, the historic center of Hoi An is often called the “Venice of Vietnam”.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The city is a starting point for excursions to the nearby Michon and Dong Duong Cham complexes [3].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

History


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The prehistoric period


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In ancient times, the territory of modern Hoi An was part of the Sahuin culture area.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Archaeological relics of the last period of Sahuin culture (200 BC — 200 AD) include funerary jugs, tools, stone ornaments, ceramics, glass and metal products.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

All of them were found in the districts of Kamha, Thanh, Kampho and Cam Thanh.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

People of Sahuin culture traded with China, central and southern Vietnam, as evidenced by the discovery of Chinese copper coins and iron objects related to Dongson culture and culture Bapnoma [4] [5].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Archaeological excavations in Bayong Village have shown that the Cham Islands, located near Hoi An, were inhabited more than 3,000 years ago [4].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Cham period


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the first centuries AD, Sahuin culture was replaced by visiting Austronesian Cham, who occupied the coast of central Vietnam.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Hoi An, then known as Lamappho, was the largest city in the kingdom of Linyi, whose capital, Simhapura, was located on the site of the modern town of Chakieu (halfway between present-day Hoi An and Mishon ).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the 4th century, Linyi's ruling circles were subjected to Indian cultural influence and adopted Hinduism.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Lamappho was the largest port in Cham lands, which participated in busy international trade and served as an important transit point on the trade route between southern China and eastern India [6] [4] [5] [7].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The proximity of Mishon, the main religious (Shivaite) center of the Tyam country, also contributed to the heyday of Hoi an.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Power periodically passed from one seaside region to another, but the status of Mishon, located in the valley of the Thubon River, remained unchanged.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The most important royal ceremonies were held here, which contributed to the religious and cultural rapprochement of the scattered population of Champa, the emergence of common values and the social integration of residents of isolated valleys [8].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the second half of the 9th century, the capital of Champa was the city of Indrapura, where the grandiose Dongduong complex was built (the ruins of the city and the temple complex are located on the territory of modern Thangbin County, south of Hoi An).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Taking advantage of the relative stability of the 9th-10th centuries, the Cham kings included their ports on the Great Silk Road at sea and became rich through intermediary trade.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

During this period, maritime trade between the Tang Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate flourished, and the ports of Champa were famous for regularly supplying fresh water, provisions and equipment to the merchants entering them ships.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Chinese monks built a temple in Hoi An in the 10th century dedicated to Amitabha (visited by Chinese merchants and sailors who entered the port).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

One part of the Cham sailors transported goods between China and India (silk, spices, porcelain, ivory, gold, pun and aloe), the other part was engaged in piracy in the South China Sea [6] [9] [10] [11] ] [12].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Chinese, Arab and Persian ships called at the port of Lamapfo, where they traded silk, pearls, turtle shells and valuable types of wood.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Cham artifacts found in Hoi An include the foundations of buildings, wells, the remains of a temple in the village of Kamthanh, stone statues, including the dancing Gandhara and the god of fortune Kubera, and clay tableware and ceramics from China and the Middle East, jewelry and colored glass.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

From Lamapfo, goods traveled to the capital Indrapura, and pilgrims to Michon [4].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

During the Ming Dynasty (14th—15th centuries), Champa was one of China's most important trading partners [13].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

According to Chinese sources, due to high taxes, the ports of Champa did not have a very good reputation among merchants and ship captains.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

All ships calling in Hoi An were to be unloaded at the port.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Special officials recorded all the cargo on parchment, after which they seized a fifth in favor of the tsarist treasury.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Most of the goods traded in the ports of Champa were of foreign origin and were not intended for the domestic market.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Tyams were more seafarers and intermediaries than merchants [9] [6].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Chinese merchants, who arrived in Champu in a fair wind, then had to wait two months for the monsoon to blow in the opposite direction.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

This contributed to the fact that special quarters appeared in Cham ports, in which Chinese merchants and sailors lived, offices of Chinese guilds and communities, Chinese warehouses, inns, residential houses and temples.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the 10th and 15th centuries, Hoi An was Champa's largest transit point.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In anticipation of good weather and fair winds, many foreign sailors and merchants were constantly in this port, some of whom married local women.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Over time, the tonnage of ships became larger, and the mouth of the Thubon River was covered with sand, and gradually maritime trade relocated to neighboring Da Nang [6] [14] [15].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1402, under the threat of a massive invasion, the Cham king ceded the northern part of the current province of Quang Nam to the Viets.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

However, the Viets did not stop there, they directed a flow of settlers to the southern part of Quang Nam, and also captured the northern part of present-day Quang Ngai province.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

At the head of the local population, the Viets put Cham princes who defected to the side of the winners, and pacified the dissatisfied Cham peasants with tax breaks and the distribution of land.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Only another Chinese occupation of Daiviet (1407—1427) briefly suspended the advance of the Viets to the south.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The settlement and assimilation of Cham lands was so large-scale and successful that when the Tyams went on a campaign to Daiviet in 1433, most of the residents of Quang Nam fought on the side of the Vietnamese emperor [6] [4].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Daiviet period


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

According to family chronicles, in the 15th century, Hoi An and the surrounding lands were inhabited by immigrants from Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh, including members of the Tran, Nguyen, Huynh and Le clans.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The Viets mixed with tyams and were mainly engaged in jellied rice growing and fishing.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Over time, craft villages and neighborhoods began to appear that specialized in individual products.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Some of these villages are still preserved, such as Kimbong woodcarvers village or Thanh Ha potters village [16].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the 15th and 18th centuries, Hoi An was a busy seaport of the Le and Nguyen dynasties, often visited by Chinese, Japanese, Malay, Indian, Portuguese and Dutch merchants.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1535, the first European, Portuguese captain Antonio de Faria, arrived in Faifo from Da Nang, looking for a place for a new colony like Macau or Goa.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

After that, Spanish and Portuguese Franciscans and Dominicans tried to settle in Hoi An, but could not gain a foothold in the city for a long time [17] [18].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

At the end of the 16th century, one of the princes of Nguyen, Nguyen Hoang, became an independent ruler of central Vietnam and significantly expanded the port of Hoi An.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The Nguyens were more open to foreign relations than their rivals Chini, and they traded vigorously with China, Japan, and the Portuguese.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The Nguyens needed modern weapons supplied to them by the Portuguese, and in response allowed them to establish a Jesuit mission in Faifo in 1615.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1617, William Adams, an Englishman, visited Faifo as a confidant of the Tokugawa Shogun.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1624 and 1640, Faifo was visited by the French Jesuit Alexandre de Rode, who developed the Kuoknga writing system based on the Latin alphabet.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

However, the Nguyens considered his missionary activities dangerous and expelled him from the country [19] [20] [21] [22].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Gradually, Hoi An became one of the largest ports in East Asia, with prosperous neighborhoods of Chinese and Japanese merchants.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Goods from Europe and India to China and Japan passed through Hoi An.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

As a result of the study of the sunken ships, Vietnamese and other Asian ceramics were discovered, which were transported from Hoi An to Egypt [23].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The foreign trade policy of the Ming Empire also contributed to the prosperity of Hoi An. China banned the direct export of certain goods to Japan, forcing Japanese merchants from the Azuchi-Momoyama and early Edo periods (until the beginning of the second third of the 17th century) to bypass the ban and buy Chinese goods in Hoi An [16] [24].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The presence of foreign merchants in Hoi An (Faifoo) was so significant that by the end of the 16th and early 17th centuries, Chinese and Japanese trading posts existed in the city.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

They were separated by a canal through which the Japanese built a covered bridge in 1593 (later the structure, called the “Japanese Bridge”, was repeatedly restored by representatives of the Chinese community).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Each trading post had its own manager, who represented the interests of the community before the Vietnamese authorities, and its own codes of internal rules [16].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

According to the description of the Chinese Buddhist monk Shi Dashan, who visited Hoi An in the spring of 1695 on his way to the Nguyen Court in Hue, the city was a busy port where merchants from all over Asia came.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The main shopping street, about four li long (modern Changfu and Nguyen Zuihyeu Streets) ran along the Thubon River and was built up on both sides with buildings inhabited by Fujians from South China, Guangdong (Cantonese), Chaozhou and Hainan.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The street ended at the Japan Bridge, behind which is the Kampho district.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Foreign ships moored on the other side, from which various goods were unloaded to the pier [16].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In addition to the Chinese and Japanese, in the second half of the 17th and first half of the 18th centuries, Faifo was visited by the Dutch, French, Spaniards and Portuguese, some of whom also had small trading posts.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In parallel with European merchants, Catholic missionaries from various monastic orders also operated in Fifo [21].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the early 1770s, a Taishon uprising broke out against the Nguyen.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Chini soon defeated the weakened Nguyen and captured Hue, but in 1786 they were defeated by the Taishons themselves.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

After the establishment of the Taishon Dynasty, neighboring Da Nang received trade privileges.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Along with the siltation of the mouth of the Thubon River, the rise of Da Nang dealt a severe blow to the prosperity of Hoi An.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1787, the Treaty of Versailles was signed, according to which the French promised to restore the power of the ruler Nguyen Phuc Anh, and in return received the port of Hoi An and a number of privileges.


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Hoi An

However, the treaty was not implemented due to the revolution that broke out in France.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1802, the army of Nguyen Phuc Anh, with the support of French advisers and instructors, finally defeated the Taishons, and he himself was crowned in Hue as the first emperor of the Nguyen dynasty [25] [21] [26].


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Hoi An

In gratitude for the military assistance, the new emperor, who took the name Nguyen Theto, granted the French exceptional trade preferences in the port of Da Nang.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Since the beginning of the 19th century, Hoi An has experienced a period of economic stagnation.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

However, the reduction in the income of local merchants largely made it possible to keep the historical buildings intact.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Due to the lack of resources, merchants did not rebuild old wooden buildings and very rarely used modern materials during the reconstruction [2] [5].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Dainam period


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

During the Dainam period (1802-1945), the Nguyen Dynasty actively developed its capital, Hue and the main port of Da Nang, and neighboring Hoi An was in the shadow of these lively cities.


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Hoi An

However, Chinese merchants continued to visit Hoi An, where they sold their goods or exchanged them for local handicrafts.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

During the typhoon season (August to October), Chinese merchants and sailors stayed in the city for a long time, establishing relations with the local population.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Some Chinese married local women and set up trading companies in Hoi An.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The main shopping streets of Changfu, Nguyen Zuihyeu and Nguyen Thaihok were replete with Chinese shops, imported goods warehouses and export-import offices [21].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1884, the French took control of Annam and all of Vietnam, which were part of French Indochina from 1887 to 1954.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

During the colonial period, Hoi An became one of the centers of the nationalist movement in Quang Nam Province, and in 1927, the Association of Young Vietnamese Revolutionaries was founded in the city.


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Hoi An

In 1940, under an agreement with the Vichy regime, Vietnam came under the control of Japan, which ruled the country until the August 1945 Revolution.


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Hoi An

Residents of Hoi An and surrounding villages took an active part in the revolution, for which the city received the honorary title of Hero of the People's Armed Forces on August 22, 1998. [


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The modern period


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

After the end of World War II, the confrontation between Viet Minh nationalists and French colonial forces intensified, culminating in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954.


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Hoi An

The victory of the Viet Minh led to the split of the country into North and South Vietnam, and the demilitarized zone between them was located north of Hoi An.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

During the Vietnam War (1959—1975), major armed clashes took place near Hoi An (for example, the Battle of Hue in January-March 1968 and the Battle of Khamdyk in May 1968), but the city itself He didn't suffer much.


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Hoi An

Because of this, numerous refugees flocked here to escape repression and hostilities.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1964, a Catholic cathedral was restored in Hoi An, originally built in 1903 by French missionaries (many Vietnamese Catholics fled to the city, who were persecuted by communists in the north ).


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Hoi An

In March 1975, during the Spring Offensive, North Vietnamese troops captured Hue, Da Nang and Hoi An [28] [29].


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Hoi An

In February 1979, the Sino-Vietnamese War broke out, which indirectly affected the Chinese community of Hoi An (after the end of the war, the authorities repressed all Chinese in Vietnam).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 1985, Hoi An Old Town was declared a National Cultural Heritage Site.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Its ancient buildings, which are state property, are protected by the Law on Cultural Heritage (adopted in 2001 and supplemented in 2009) and the Law on Tourism (adopted in 2005) [2] [28].


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Hoi An

In 1999, Hoi An Old Town was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.


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Hoi An

Financial injections allowed citizens to restore some of the old houses and turn the central neighborhoods into a pedestrian zone (albeit open to bicycles and mopeds).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The tourist boom, which began in the mid-1980s and has increased markedly since the late 1990s, has significantly changed the previously calm way of life of the quiet rural town, as well as the structure of its economy and employment of the population [28].


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Hoi An

In 2000, near the coast of Hoi An, large-scale underwater excavations were completed on the site of a sunken ship with Vietnamese ceramics of the XV century (specialists from the National Museum of Vietnamese history and marine archaeologists at Oxford University).


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Hoi An

It was possible to raise more than 250,000 undamaged ceramic products to the surface [30] [31] [32] [33].


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Hoi An

In August 2000, Hoi An was awarded the title of “Hero City of Socialist Labor” for his success in the reconstruction of the historical heritage [5].


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Hoi An

In November 2017, Hoi An was seriously affected by Typhoon Damrey, flooding many streets, temples, and first floors of historic buildings [34].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

etymology


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Hoi An

In ancient times, the city was called Lamappho (Lam Ap Pho or “Linyi City”).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the West and in China, the city was historically known as Faifo and Haipu, respectively (French: Faifo,).


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Hoi An

This word comes from the Vietnamese Hội An ph( “Hoi An City”), which was later reduced to Hoi pho and Faifo.


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Hoi An

In 1954, Faifo was renamed Hoi An (Hội An,), which translates as “a place of quiet meetings” [35] [36].


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Hoi An

Geography


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Hoi An is located in central Vietnam, in the northeastern part of Quang Nam Province, at the mouth of the Thubon River, about 50 north of Tamky City and 30 south of Da Nang.


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Hoi An

The main part of the city is located on the northern bank of the river, at its confluence with the South China Sea.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Administratively, the city also includes several islands at the mouth of the Thubon River and the Cham Islands, located near the coast.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Due to sediment in the Hoi An area, various channel processes continue, including the formation of sandbanks and lagoons, changes in the line of the river and sea coast [2] [37] [38] [39].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the northern part of the city is the famous Vietnamese: An Bàng Beach, in the eastern part is the picturesque Vietnamese: Phưàc Trạch Beach, famous for its allocazuarin trees, and sand dunes Thuan Tinh (Vietnamese: Thuan Tinh) [37].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

On the territory of Cam Thanh rural commune, there is the Thuangtinh Ecotourism Zone, which occupies a 50-hectare river island.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Here, tourists go boating, fishing, hiking, picnics, traditional games and performances [40].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Kyadai Beach (Vietnamese: Ca Đại), located on the border of Kyadai and Kaman districts, south of Anbang Beach, stretches more than 3 in length and is up to 300 meters wide.


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Hoi An

It is characterized by white sand, beautiful palm trees, clear water, moderate slope and small waves, which attracts numerous tourists here.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Some of Hoi An's largest resort complexes are located along the beach, including Hoi An Beach Resort, Victoria Beach Resort and Spa, Palm Garden Resort, Agribank Beach Resort and Boutique Resort, and there are also numerous eateries selling seafood and drinks [41].


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Hoi An

The total length of Hoi An sea beaches is 7 km [42].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Climate


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Hoi An

The hot season in Hoi An is between April and October.


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Hoi An

From May to the end of August, the climate is characterized by a southern wind and a calm sea, this part of the year is the peak of the tourist season.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

It rains frequently between September and January (November is the most rainfall).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Typhoons often hit the coast in September and October, accompanied by heavy rains and floods.


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Hoi An

The lowest rainfall is in April.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The hottest period is from July to August, when the average temperature is +33°C/+34°C.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The lowest average temperature is from December to February (+18°C/+19° C), but even during this period it is hot during the day and only at night the temperature drops.


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Hoi An

The average annual temperature is +25.6° C, air humidity - 82%, precipitation - 2,066, 2,158 hours a year in Hoi An is sunny [43] [42].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Ecology


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

With the increase in the number of tourists, environmental risks, in particular, air pollution and noise, have also increased.


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Hoi An

The quiet atmosphere of the small town is disturbed by tourist buses, taxis and rickshaws that fill the narrow streets.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In addition, with the increase in the number of tourist boats, pollution of the Thubon River and the sea around the Cham Islands has increased, and erosion of the shores has increased.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Noise from boats hinders local residents and has a negative impact on the fauna of the swamps [44].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In villages around Hoi An, due to poor roads and a lack of garbage trucks, farmers are forced to burn municipal solid waste or dump it into rivers, which also adversely affects ecology of the region.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The lack of a modern sewage system has led to the fact that untreated wastewater from hotels, restaurants and laundries is discharged into the river or sea [45].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Another environmental challenge for Hoi An is the large-scale construction of new hotels and restaurants, especially along the river and sea coast, as well as around the dunes.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

There is practically no control over the felling of trees that are used to restore historical buildings, produce souvenirs, furniture and wooden boats [46].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The authorities are implementing a number of programs aimed at reducing the negative impact of tourism and urbanization.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In particular, they restrict traffic in old Hoi An to avoid noise, traffic jams and air pollution; create completely pedestrian zones; encourage the construction of new hotels away from overloaded center [47].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

As of 2015, the city authorities of Hoi An actively participated in several environmental projects — sorting household garbage by the population, minimizing the use of plastic bags, restoration of coconut groves in the coastal zone of the rural commune of Cam Thanh to protect the shores [48].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Termites are a big problem for the wooden buildings of old Hoi An.


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Hoi An

They appeared in the city in 2006 and quickly proliferated.


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Hoi An

After contact with termites, more than 150 ancient houses were significantly damaged, several dozen buildings were recognized as emergency.


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Hoi An

The city authorities treat buildings with special solutions that are designed to protect wood from these insects and their larvae, but not all attempts to exterminate pests have been effective enough [ 49].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Cham Islands


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The Cham Islands (English: Chàm Islands or Vietnamese: Cù lao Chàm) are located in the South China Sea, about 15 minutes from Hoi An and the mouth of the Thubon River.


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Hoi An

The archipelago consists of eight granite islands (Lao, Ong, Khome, Khokon, Tai, Zai, La and Mo) with a total area of 15.5.


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Hoi An

90% of the islands are covered by forests, 7% are cultivated and 3% are occupied by buildings.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The population of the Cham Islands is 2.8 thousand people, the largest villages are Bayong, Bailang and Baihuong on the largest island of Lao (the highest point of the archipelago with a height of 517 meters).


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Hoi An

The entire territory of the archipelago is a nesting place for birds and belongs to the ecological tourism zone [37] [42].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 2009, under the patronage of UNESCO, the Cu Lao Cham Marine Park Biosphere Reserve with an area of 33 hectares was created around the Cham Islands [50] [51].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The main occupations of the population are fishing, services, rice growing, the extraction of bird nests, from which delicacy soup is prepared, and the collection of medicinal herbs.


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Hoi An

Tourists on the Cham Islands are attracted by nature, including forested hills and sandy beaches, as well as swimming and diving opportunities.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The surrounding waters are famous for its rich flora and fauna, including algae, corals, tiger prawns, squid, crabs and shellfish.


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Hoi An

The islands have preserved areas of mangroves and tropical rainforests, where various types of salangans live.


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Hoi An

The most famous beaches on Lao Island are Baitong, Baibim and Bayong [52] [53].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Already during the Tang Dynasty, Chinese ships docked at the Cham Islands to replenish fresh water supplies.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Champa merchants used the islands to transship goods to the mainland, to the port of Hoi An.


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Hoi An

In the Cham era, pepper, cinnamon, ivory and valuable wood species were traded here.


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Hoi An

Some buildings have been preserved on the islands from the reign of Princes Nguyen and the Nguyen Emperors, such as the Haitang Pagoda, built in 1753 in Bayong Village, and the Thanyenshao Shrine, built in In 1843, in the village of Baihuong, as well as a number of dams and reservoirs that irrigated rice terraces in the hinterland of Lao Island [54] [55] [56].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

With the beginning of the tourist boom in Hoi An, the archipelago has also become a popular destination for sea tours, and the Cham Islands have been nicknamed “raw sapphires” for their beauty [57].


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Hoi An

population


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

According to the 2001 census, 121.7 thousand people lived on an area of 6,147 in Hoi An and the nearest rural suburbs [58].


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Hoi An

As of 2006, about 83 thousand people lived in Hoi An (in 1996 — 76.9 thousand, in 1986 — 61.8 thousand, in 1976 — 68.1 thousand).


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Hoi An

In the same year, the able-bodied population was 53,000 people (in 1996 — 32.7 thousand, in 1986 — 30.9 thousand, in 1976 — 35.5 thousand).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The number of households in 2006 was 18.9 thousand. (16.3 thousand in 1996, 12.4 thousand in 1986, 11.3 thousand in 1976) [59].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Most Hoi An residents are engaged in tourism, although historically the city's economy has been based on agriculture, fishing and trade [60].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The vast majority of Hoi An residents are Vietnamese, although many of them have an admixture of Cham blood obtained as a result of the assimilation of the once largest people in Quang Nam province.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In addition, thanks to the pre-existing ethnic enclaves of foreign traders and missionaries, the city has many Vietnamese-Chinese, Vietnamese-Japanese, and Vietnamese-European mestizos.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

There is a small Hoa community (among the local Chinese, there are communities of Cantonese, Chaoshan, Hoklo, Fujian and Hainan, originating from the corresponding regions of South China, and also a somewhat separate Hakka community).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In Hoi An, in addition to traditional Buddhists, there are Confucians, Taoists, Catholics and Protestants, as well as adherents of the Kaodai and Hoahao sects [61] [62] [63] [64].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Religion and way of life


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Hoi An

Most Hoi An residents are formally Buddhists, but the Vietnamese version of this religion is strongly influenced by ancestral cults and other local beliefs.


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Hoi An

Many families have a statue of Amitabha on their home altar, and many families observe a short vegetarian fast every lunar month.


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Hoi An

At the same time, almost all Viets perform rituals in honor of the family's ancestors (usually at the home altar) and the ancestors of the clan (in a special family sanctuary, where they worship the semi-mythical “progenitor” and chronicle clan).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Small families do not have separate sanctuaries, as a rule, they worship only the deceased patriarch and other relatives [65].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In addition to the cult of ancestors, many citizens worship the “five deities of the house” (Ngu you zya duong), which the Viets believe protect the family, determine its fate, and help run the household.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

These deities include “kitchen god”, “well god”, “gate god”, “patron saint of life” and “goddess of fortune.”


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The Chinese of Hoi An, instead of the last two deities from the “five”, worship the “god of the earth” and the “god of the doors”.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Traditional beliefs are common even among Catholics and Protestants in Hoi An [66].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

For Hoi An residents, as elsewhere in Vietnam, family and clan are key to public life.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

First of all, the Viets have obligations to their families, which is reflected in respect for older generations and reverence for deceased ancestors.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

At the next stage of social relations is the village or quarter, which is the center of the clan.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the past, a family or clan was headed by a “patriarch” who resolved internal conflicts, was accountable to the authorities and influenced the internal politics of the village.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Previously, every large Hoi An clan had private real estate — a family cemetery with the graves of ancestors, a family sanctuary, a public house, or a meeting room where family records and relics were kept, and also a separate holiday, during which the ancestors of the clan were honored [67].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Many locals have a negative attitude towards swimsuits that are too open on the beach, as well as inappropriate clothing for tourists visiting temples, family shrines, or meeting rooms.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The authorities and a significant part of Hoi An residents strictly regulate gender relations and forms of entertainment.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In accordance with cultural norms, karaoke establishments, establishments with hidden forms of prostitution (usually disguised as bars and hairdressers), bikini shops are not welcome [68].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The lifestyle, entertainment and hobbies of Hoi An residents are gradually changing, especially among young people.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Beliefs and strict family values are giving way to commerce and Western cultural influence, traditional pastimes and communications are being replaced by the Internet and clubs, becoming popular modern music and new games (football, tennis, badminton).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The increase in working hours affects family values.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Citizens are becoming increasingly detached from villages and family clans, focusing on individualism and material values.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

At the same time, air conditioners, televisions, microwaves and computers are becoming available to an increasing number of Hoi An residents [69].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Administrative divisions


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Hoi An is divided into nine urban districts (phưng): Kaman, Kamchau, Kamnam, Kampho, Kyadai, Min'an, Son Phong, Tanan and Thanh Ha.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In addition, the city consists of four rural communes (xã): Kamha, Kamkim, Kamthanh and Tankhyep [37] [70].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

From the south, the mainland of Hoi An borders Zuisuen County along the Thubon River, and Dien Ban County from the west and north-west [42].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In addition to the administrative division, Hoi An has two zones established by the city authorities to protect the cultural and historical heritage.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

On the territory of the first zone, there are blocks of the old city, the buildings in which are preserved in their original condition.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The first zone is surrounded by a larger second zone, the construction of which is also strictly regulated by decrees and regulations (new buildings must not violate the overall ensemble, as well as architecture and ecological environment of historical monuments) [71].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Authorities


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The main authority of Hoi An is the City People's Committee, which reports to the People's Committee of Quang Nam Province.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The People's Committees of Districts and Rural Communities are subordinate to the Hoi An People's Committee.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In addition, the City People's Committee is subordinate to specialized departments and services: the Department of Trade and Tourism, the Department of Culture, Information and Sports, the Department Health, Department of Education and Training, Department of Transport, Department of Construction, Department of Planning and Investment, Department of Agriculture, Department of Labour, disability and social affairs, the executive council for the eradication of hunger and poverty, the management board of urban projects, the management board of the central market, the committee on religious affairs, family planning, cultural and sports center, monument management and conservation center, public projects company, interdepartmental team to verify compliance with city rules.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

These structures also report to the relevant provincial offices [72] [70].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

There are police stations in every district of the city that are responsible for public safety and report to the city's police department.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Overall, Hoi An is a safe city.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 2007, it was visited by more than 1 million tourists, while only 125 crimes were recorded.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

City authorities, including the police and the People's Prosecutor's Office, are fighting prostitution, fraud and poor customer service, as well as intermediaries who lure tourists to shops and sewing ateliers, receiving a percentage of this [73].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 2015, the fight against corruption in Hoi An made it possible to return more than 34 million dong to the state budget [48].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Many organizations and associations, as well as the media, formally related to civil society, are in fact closely linked to government structures.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

These include unions of youth, women, elderly citizens, veterans and peasants, and the union for the promotion of education.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

All of them are strictly structured and hierarchical, enter the orbit of the Patriotic Front of Vietnam and play an important role in conveying government programs and initiatives to the general population [74].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Economics


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Hoi An's economy is based on tourism and related industries — hotels, restaurants, bars, souvenir shops, boats and rickshaws serving tourists.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In addition, Hoi An is famous for its sewing and shoe workshops and ateliers, of which there are several hundred, as well as the production of traditional ceramics, wood carving and fishing.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

There is a large Diennam-Dienngok Industrial Park between Hoi An and Da Nang [60].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Although the fertile land allocated for crops in Hoi An is limited and constantly declining, highly productive agribusiness remains important in the city's economy, especially jellied rice growing, which Vietnamese peasants practice on rice paddies.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Farmers grow rice on river islands and alluvial areas using old methods and equipment, including ploughed Indian buffaloes.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Many peasants live in simple bamboo houses and make most of the tools with their own hands, although there are often wealthy farmers who have built spacious brick mansions for themselves.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The main agricultural land is concentrated in the rural communes of Kamha, Cam Thanh and Kamkim, although small orchards and vegetable gardens are also found in urban areas of Hoi An [60].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Agriculture, which previously dominated the region's economy, and the local climate have significantly affected the character and life of Hoi An residents.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Farmers are often hit by the elements, including annual storms coming from the sea and floods caused by river floods.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Constant threats contributed to the cohesion of rural communities, which jointly monitored the condition of canals and ponds, jointly built dams and roads, and jointly protected rice fields and livestock [60] .


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Another traditional industry in Hoi An is fishing (in ponds, river and sea).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Local fishermen use a variety of gear and fishing methods, including different types of nets (the most popular is the “spider” or “shaky”).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Fish and seafood are supplied both to the domestic market, including street markets and restaurants, and for export.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the Hoi An area, fishermen are concentrated in the villages of Wongni, Devong, Phuokchat, Diane and Tanhyep (Kyadai, Kaman and Cham Islands districts) [75].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Trade, which has long been dominated by local Chinese, is another traditional branch of the city's economy.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Today, Hoi An is no longer a major commercial port, but thanks to numerous tourists, retail is flourishing here.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The city has many street markets, antique shops, paintings, jewelry, fabrics and paper lanterns, as well as souvenir and grocery stores (as of 2007, there were 202 stores selling souvenirs, art and handicrafts, 180 clothing and fabric stores, 91 stores selling shoes, bags, belts and flashlights).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The busiest shopping areas are Kampho, Min'an and southern Kamchau (the most popular shopping districts for foreign tourists are located at the intersection of Changfu Street and Nguyen Thaihok Street with Street Leloy).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

A colorful place is the indoor food market, the northern part of which overlooks Changfu Street and the southern part overlooks the Thubon River embankment.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Retail sales of goods to tourists account for more than 10% of the total revenue of the tourism sector of Hoi An [76].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Back in the days when Hoi An flourished as an international port, local dyers and tailors were famous for making fabrics and clothes for every taste.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In socialist Vietnam, sewing and tailoring focused on local residents and the foreign market, most of the workers worked in state-owned factories, such as the Hoi An Export Garment Factory.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

However, these factories were inefficient, and during the 1986 economic reform known as doymoy, they were privatized and most of the employees were laid off.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Only with the beginning of the tourist boom of the late 20th century, the sewing craft was revived and today hundreds of sewing studios and workshops, as well as workshops for the manufacture of shoes, bags, belts and others operate in the city accessories (the sector of quick tailoring of suits or dresses is especially developed, aimed at foreign tourists).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

There are also several small industrial enterprises in Hoi An — food factories, brick factories, and wooden boats are being built in Kimbong village [77] [24].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The construction and restoration sector of Hoi An is of great importance.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Since 1997, before the old city was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, the central government of Vietnam, the government of Quang Nam province and the city of Hoi An began investing state funds for large-scale restoration of historical sites.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Foreign donors also provided funds and technical expertise to carry out restoration work in the old town.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

A total of 168 historic buildings owned by the state were restored from 1997 to 2007, for a total amount of more than 5.8 million US dollars.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In addition, between 1997 and 2006, about 1,125 privately owned buildings were restored in Hoi An with the share of the authorities [78].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 2010, Hoi An's industry produced products worth 492.2 billion VND (41.2% accounted for woodworking, 26.4% for textile and leather industries, 23.5% for the food industry).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Most of Hoi An's enterprises, including export ones, are concentrated in the industrial zone of Thanh Ha District (production of furniture, clothing, shoes, bags, ceramic and glass products, bags).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the same year, the fishing industry of Hoi An produced 320.1 billion VND (most of it came from shrimp), agriculture - 82.5 billion VND (mainly rice, vegetables, pork, poultry and ornamental plants) [79].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In the financial sector of Hoi An, branches and ATMs of all leading banks in the country are represented — Vietcombank, Vietinbank, Agribank, BIDV Bank and Asia Commercial Bank [80].


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

In 2016, Hoi An's gross output amounted to 7423 billion VND, an increase of 12.9% compared to 2015.


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

The gross output of the tourism and trade sector amounted to 5,182.6 billion VND, an increase of 15.5% compared to 2015 (the total trade turnover exceeded 630 billion VND, an increase of 6.1% compared to the previous year).


Question: How many languages are spoken in Hoi An?

Hoi An

Gross industrial output, including crafts and construction, amounted to 1632.6 billion VND (increased by 9.2% over the year), gross output of agriculture, fisheries and forestry amounted to 609.9 billion VND (increased by 2.5% over the year).