Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Article 12


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The President of the Republic may, after consultation with the Prime Minister and the Presidents of the Chambers, announce the dissolution of the National Assembly


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

General elections are held no earlier than 20 days and no later than 40 days after dissolution.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The National Assembly meets rightfully on the second Thursday after the elections.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

If this meeting takes place outside the dates of the regular session, the session shall be opened for a period of 15 days.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

A new dissolution cannot be carried out during the year following these elections.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Article 13


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The President of the Republic signs ordinances and decrees adopted by the Council of Ministers.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

He appoints to civilian and military public positions.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

State Councillors, Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honor, Ambassadors, Envoys Extraordinary, Senior Counselors of the Court of Accounts, Prefects, Government Representatives in the Overseas Territories, rectors of academies, directors of central departments are appointed by the Council of Ministers.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The Organic Law defines other posts to be appointed by the Council of Ministers, as well as the conditions under which the right of appointment held by the President of the Republic may be they have been delegated to carry out on its behalf.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Article 14


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The President of the Republic accredits ambassadors and envoys extraordinary to foreign countries; foreign ambassadors and envoys extraordinary are accredited to him


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Article 15


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The President of the Republic is the head of the armed


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

He chairs supreme councils and committees of national defense.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Article 16


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

When the institutions of the Republic, the independence of the nation, the integrity of its territory are under serious and immediate threat, and the normal functioning of constitutional public bodies is terminated, the President of the Republic takes measures that are dictated by these circumstances after official consultation with the Prime Minister, the Presidents of the Chambers and the Constitutional Council.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

He informs the nation about this with a message.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

These measures should be dictated by the desire to provide constitutional public bodies with the opportunity to carry out their tasks as soon as possible.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Consultations are being held with the Constitutional Council in this regard.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Parliament meets by full right.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The National Assembly may not be dissolved during the exercise of emergency powers.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Article 17


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The President of the Republic exercises the right to pardon.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Article 18


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The President of the Republic communicates with both chambers of Parliament through messages that are read out in the chambers and are not subject to any discussion.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

In the period between sessions, the Parliament meets specifically on this occasion.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Article 19


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The acts of the President of the Republic, except those provided for in articles 8 (first paragraph), 11, 12, 16, 54, 56 and 61, are countersigned by the Prime Minister and, if necessary, by the responsible ministers


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Elections


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Since 2002, the President of France has been elected for a term of 5 years [1].


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Inauguration ceremony


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The inauguration takes place according to a carefully calibrated ritual: the outgoing president meets his successor on the steps of the residence of the head of state.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Then they retire for half an hour to the president's office, where the new French leader is given the main dossiers, as well as codes from nuclear weapons.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

After that, the new president sees off his predecessor, who has become an ordinary citizen, who will leave the Elysee Palace.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

After that, the inauguration ceremony of the new President begins in the Celebration Hall.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The Chairman of the Constitutional Council announces the results of the elections and officially announces the new President


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The new President accepts the chain of the Grand Master of the Legion of Honor and delivers his first speech as head of state.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Then he reviews the Republican Guard and listens to Marseillaise.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

The cannons installed in the complex of the Invalides celebrate the inauguration with 21 solemn volleys.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

In an open car with an equestrian escort, the newly elected president drives along the Champs Elysees to the Arc de Triomphe, where he lights the eternal flame and lays a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Recently, the tradition of laying wreaths at the monuments to Georges Clemenceau and General De Gaulle has also become entrenched.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Sometimes there are minor deviations from the ritual.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

In particular, N. After the procedure described, Sarkozy went to the Bois de Boulogne, where he gave a brief speech in memory of 35 young members of the Resistance who were shot there by the Nazis in August 1944 on the eve of Paris uprising.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

See also


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

List of presidents of France


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

President's Security Group


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Results of the presidential election


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

2002 French presidential election


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

2007 French presidential election


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

French presidential election, 2012


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

French presidential election, 2017


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Notes


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Literature


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

A primer from the Council on Foreign Relations


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

John Gaffney.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Political Leadership in France: From Charles de Gaulle to Nicolas Sarkozy (Palgrave Macmillan; 2012), ISBN978-0-230-36037-2.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Explores mythology and symbolism in French political culture through a study of the personas crafted by de Gaulle and his five successors.


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

References


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

(in French)


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France


Question: Who is the President of France in 2019?

President of France

Category:French government


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The exchange rate is the price (quote) of the currency of one country, expressed in the currency of another country, precious metals, securities.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The concept of “currency exchange” is associated with its characteristic such as convertibility.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The degree of currency convertibility is determined by the mechanism of state regulation of currency


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The currency is called freely convertible if in the country of this currency, residents and non-residents do not apply any restrictions on the implementation of currency transactions, and non-convertible if in the country of this currency a currency is subject to legally established restrictions on almost all types of transactions with it.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Partially convertible is the currency of countries that have restrictions and regulations on certain types of exchange transactions or for some participants in these transactions.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Thus, convertibility is the ability of a currency to be freely exchanged for other currencies and back to the national currency in currency markets.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

In the conditions of international trade and other foreign economic operations, the ratio of revenues and payments in foreign currency and, accordingly, the demand and supply of foreign currency is not in equilibrium.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

With a positive balance of payments, foreign exchange rates in the foreign exchange market of a given country fall, and the exchange rate of the national currency rises.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The opposite happens when a country has a negative balance of payments, as domestic importers try to buy more foreign currency to repay their external obligations than it is offered by exporters [1].


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Previously, the exchange rate was based on gold parity (it was proportional to the gold content of the national currency).


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

In Russia, the official ruble exchange rate is set by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for use in calculating revenues and expenditures of the state budget, all types of payment and settlement relations of the state with organizations and citizens, as well as tax and accounting purposes.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Fixing a national currency in a foreign currency is called a currency quote, which can be direct and reverse.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The exchange rate of one currency against another can also be determined through a third currency.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

In this case, it is referred to as a cross course.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The need for such quotes arises when the volume of direct exchange transactions between two currencies is relatively small, and, therefore, direct quotes do not add up sufficiently liquid .


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

In addition, even with reliable direct quotes, the calculation of the cross rate can give a slightly different rate value.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

In practice, there are usually two prices:


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The seller's price (the ask at which the bank sells the currency);


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The buyer's price (the bid at which the bank buys the currency).


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The difference between these rates forms a spread.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

In the Russian Federation, the Central Bank determines foreign exchange rates based on the results of trading on the currency exchange in rubles.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Exchange rate regimes


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Floating — the exchange rate is set on the basis of supply and demand in the foreign exchange market.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Fixed — The exchange rate is set as a fixed value over a certain period of time.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

International exchange


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

International trade is conducted in monetary units.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Each country has its own currency.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Before you buy goods, services or financial assets abroad, you must buy or exchange your country's currency for the currency you need in the foreign exchange market.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The bulk of currency for international trade is exchanged in the largest financial centers in the world.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The exchange rates at which currencies are exchanged are determined by the demand and supply of currencies.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

For example, at the beginning of 1986, the US dollar was exchanged for 10 French francs, and two years later it was worth 6 francs.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

As currency exchange rates change, the prices of these countries' goods that are imported and exported change.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

According to the method of calculation: parity and actual.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Course setting method


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The basic concept used to explain exchange rates is purchasing power parity, PPP (PPP), for the formulation of which the so-called the law of one price: the price of a product in one country must be equal to the price of a product in another country; and since these prices are expressed in different currencies, this price ratio determines the exchange rate of one currency for the other one.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Let Pd be the domestic price of this product, and Pf is its price abroad, in a neighboring country (foreign price).


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

These prices are the amount of currency, national for a given country and foreign, that is given per unit of goods at home and abroad.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

The price ratio will be the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another in order to buy this product.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

S


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

P


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

d


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

P


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

f


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

{\ displaystyle S= {\ frac {Pd} {Pf}}}


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

See also


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Forex


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Real effective exchange rate


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Currency Board


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Exchange rate regime


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Notes


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Literature


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

, Ludwig von Mises, 1949.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

, Murray Rothbard, 1964.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Nenovski.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

N, M. Berlemann (2004).


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

, Comparative Economic Studies, vol.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

46, N 2, pp.


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

(in English)


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Category:Macroeconomics


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Category:Currencies


Question: What is the exchange rate?

Exchange rate

Category:Foreign exchange market


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

Cortes (Spanish: cortes - courtyards) - regional estate-representative assemblies in medieval Spain, and since the XIX century - parliament in Spain and Portugal.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

The first cortes were created in 1137 in Castile.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

Initially, only nobles and clergy could participate in the cortes.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

Only in 1188, citizens received representation in the cortes.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

They again gained great importance during the movement of 1812.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

In 1814-1820 and from 1823 to 1834, they had to give way to absolutism; in 1836 they edited a new constitution, redesigned in a conservative spirit in 1845, and again in 1856 which has undergone alteration by emergency cortes.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

After the Glorious Revolution of 1868, the constituent assembly of the Cortes formed a commission to prepare the constitution, issued on June 6, 1869.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

After Amadeus's abdication, the Cortes proclaimed a republic, but did not have time to work out a project for its organization.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

In modern Spain


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

In Portugal


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

In Portugal, the Cortes have long been involved in legislation.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

After gaining independence from Spain (1640), the Cortes met less often.


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

They currently consist of the Chamber of Peers and the Chamber of Deputies (see para. Portugal).


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

Literature


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

Muro at Martínez, “Constituciones de España at de las demás naciones de Europa, con la historia general de España” (Madr., 1881);


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

R. Fraoso, Las Constituciones de España (Revista de España, 1880, 6 and 7);


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

L. P. Coimbre, “Estudios sobre a Carta constitutional de 1826 e Acta addictional de 1852, 1878-80”;


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

Coelho da Rocha, “Ensaio sobre a historia do governno e la legisllação de Portugal”;


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

J. d'Almeida de Cunha, “Código do processo electoral” (1878).


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

Category:History of Spain


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

Category:Spanish law


Question: When did Parliament stare in Spain?

Cortes

Category:Estates and representative institutions


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

A phone (from Ancient Greek: τlε “far” +"voice”, “sound”) is a device for transmitting and receiving sound (mainly human speech) at a distance [1] [2] [3].


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Modern telephones transmit via electrical signals.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

History


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Before the invention of telegraphs (optical and electrical) and telephone, primitive methods were used to transmit messages over long distances, such as whistling, gong, smoke signals or drum combat.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

For example, a rifle shot is heard at a distance of about ten kilometers, audibility is greatly affected by the presence of extraneous loud noises nearby; the signal can be distorted by extraneous shots.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

All these devices were imperfect due to the dispersion of sound at a distance: in order to transmit the signal as far as possible, it was necessary to create intermediate points at which other signal feeders, after hearing the signal of the previous transmitter, they transmitted the sound further.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Part of this problem would be solved by transmitting signals through water or metal, in which sound travels at a higher speed and fades out a little later [4].


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The invention of a device that would use the properties of electricity to transmit and receive sound — the telephone that is currently in use — was preceded by the appearance of the electric telegraph and its successful use during the first half of the 19th century.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In 1861, German physicist and inventor Johann Philipp Reis demonstrated another device that could also transmit musical tones and human speech over wires.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The device had a microphone of an original design, a power supply (galvanic battery) and a speaker.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Reis himself called the Telephone device he designed.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The phone, patented in the United States in 1876 by Alexander Bell, was called the “talking telegraph”.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Bell's tube served in turn for both transmitting and receiving human speech.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

On the phone A. Bell did not have a call, it was later invented by colleague A. Bella — T. Watson (1878).


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The subscriber was called through the handset using a whistle.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The range of this line did not exceed 500 meters.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

For a long time, it was Alexander Bell who was considered the official inventor of the phone and only on June 11, 2002, the US Congress, in Resolution No. 269, recognized the right to invent the phone to Antonio Meucci.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Alexander Bell filed an application with the Washington Patent Office for his invention on February 14, 1876.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

On the same day, inventor Elisha Gray from Chicago submitted a preliminary application for a “Device for transmitting and receiving vocal sounds by telegraph”.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Gray soon withdrew his preliminary application.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

On this occasion, there were numerous disputes [5] about who first invented the phone.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

On March 7, 1876, Alexander Bell obtained a patent for the invention of the telephone.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

It is curious that Alexander Bell tried to invent not a telephone, but a “harmonic telegraph”.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

At that time, telegraphy was experiencing a huge shortage of lines.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

On June 25, 1876, Alexander Bell showed his phone for the first time at the first World Electrical Show in Philadelphia.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In 1877, inventor Vaden used a telegraph key to call a subscriber, which closed the bell circuit (later the key was replaced by a button).


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In the same year, the St. Petersburg plant of the German company Siemens & Galske began to produce telephones with two handsets — one for receiving and the other for speech transmission.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In 1878, Russian electrical engineer P. M. Golubitsky used a capacitor in telephones and developed the first Russian telephone of an original design, in which several permanent magnets were used.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In 1885, Golubitsky developed a centralized power supply system for telephone microphones.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In 1877-1878, Thomas Edison proposed using coal powder instead of a coal rod in carbon microphones, that is, he invented a carbon microphone with coal powder, which is almost without changes were widely used until the early 1990s, and in some places it still works.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The first phones were directly connected to each other from one customer's office or residence at another customer location.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Being inconvenient beyond a few customers, these systems were quickly replaced by manual centrifugal switchboards.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

This led to the introduction of a fixed telephone service, in which each phone is connected by a pair of dedicated wires to the local central office switching system, which has moved to a fully automated systems since the early 1900s.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

For greater mobility, various radio systems were developed for transmission between mobile stations on ships and cars in the middle of the 20th century.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The handheld mobile phone has been introduced for personal service since 1973.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

On December 31, 1898, the Moscow-Petersburg telephone line was opened.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The first commercial telephone conversation between New York and London took place on January 7, 1927 over a transatlantic telephone cable.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The USSR was connected to New York via this cable on April 14, 1936.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The first call took place between the People's Commissar of Communications and the duty officer of the New York Telephone and Telegraph Company.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The communication took place in French, which is generally accepted on international telephone lines.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

During the Caribbean crisis, a direct line was created between the USSR and the United States.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The history of further development of the phone includes an electronic microphone, which finally replaced coal, speakerphone, tone dialing, digital sound compression.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

New technologies: IP telephony, ISDN, DSL, cellular, DECT.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Features of the first telephones


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Since there was no direct connection to the right subscriber, as well as dialing in the first decades of telephone communication, and since telephone exchanges of the early 20th century were manual, instead of a dialer, the devices had a handle that had to be rotated and with the help of which the subscriber was connected to the operators of the telephone exchange, with a request to connect to such a subscriber ( young lady, please connect me with...), then the subscriber was called, and later just his phone number.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Only since the 1920s, with the advent of the possibility of direct connection to the subscriber, telephones began to have disk dialers, which remained in use until the 90s, and in some places continue to be used today.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Button dialers first appeared in the United States in the 50s.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In the USSR, telephones with a push-button dialer began to be produced only since the 80s.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The first phone numbers consisted of two or three digits, but as subscribers grew, the number of digits of the phone number increased.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In particular, in Moscow in the 30s there were five-digit phone numbers, since the 40s six-digit, and since the late 60s seven-digit.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Today, telephone numbers consisting of three to four digits are used mainly in internal telephone exchanges of large industrial enterprises or institutions.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Modernity


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Cordless phone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

They are a system consisting of a base to which analog or digital subscriber lines from a PBX are connected, and one or more wireless handsets that can both communicate with each other , and to call outside lines.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Different types of modulation can be used.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

They work at different frequencies.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Previously, only analog devices with a carrier frequency of several tens of megahertz were produced, which were subject to distortion and, mainly, were equipped with only one tube.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Then phones with a carrier frequency of 900 MHz and digital signal coding appeared on sale; they have better sound quality, increased reliable operation range and eliminated accidental eavesdropping on your conversations with neighbors.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The next step was phones with a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

These devices were sometimes made with several handsets, the communication range and sound quality were increased.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Recently, phones with a carrier frequency of 5.8 GHz have appeared on sale, having a communication range sometimes sufficient to operate within a quarter with good sound quality without mutual interference in apartments; often allow multiple tubes to be connected.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In modern radiotelephones, the most popular is the use of the DECT protocol (eng. Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication) is a wireless communication technology at frequencies of 1880-1900 MHz with GMSK modulation (BT = 0.5).


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The range is 50-300 meters.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The DECT standard is not only widely used in Europe, but is also the most popular cordless phone standard in the world, due to the ease of deployment of DECT networks, the range of user services and high quality of communication.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

ISDN


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

A system designed to improve the quality of telephone communication and allow multiplexing voice and data on one subscriber line.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The BRI (English: basic rate interface) subscriber interface consists of two user BCCs (B channels) and a 16 kbit/s signaling channel (D channel), multiplexed with time division.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Mobile phones


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Cell phone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

A radio communication system aimed at providing the user with communication anywhere.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

It consists of a large number of base stations interconnected by central switches and cell phones.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

When turned on, the cell phone is registered at the nearest base station and, if its number is called, the central switch finds the phone and transfers the call to it through the nearest base station.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

While in motion, the call is transmitted from one base station to another (handover).


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Base stations are called cell towers, there are microtowers with a broadcasting radius of 60-100 meters, an average of 100-2000 meters and macro towers of 2000-10,000 meters.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Satellite phone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

A satellite phone is a mobile phone that transmits information directly via a special communication satellite.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Depending on the telecom operator, the coverage area can be either the entire Earth, or only individual regions.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

This is due to the fact that either low-flying satellites are used, which, with sufficient numbers, cover the entire Earth, or satellites in geostationary orbit, where they do not move relative to the Earth and do not “see” it completely.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The size of a satellite phone is comparable to a regular mobile phone released in the 1980s and 1990s, but usually has an additional antenna.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

There are also landline satellite phones.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

These phones are used for communication in areas where there is no cellular service.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Field phone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

A field phone is a type of telephone designed for use in special conditions and has great mobility in operation.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

First of all, it was designed to organize communication during the battle.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

For the first time, the field telephone was used by Germany during the First World War, replacing the flag communication system and telegraph.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

IP telephony


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

A technology aimed at transmitting voice that is digitized and compressed using digital methods through networks built on IP technology.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

For example, via the Internet.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

It allows you to significantly reduce the cost of talking over long distances.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Among the drawbacks is the problem of signal delay associated with the peculiarities of IP technology.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Since 2005, the use of specialized programs (for example, Skype) has made IP telephony more accessible, although not free.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Problems


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Telephone hooliganism and fraud


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The main goal of telephone hooliganism is to cause a vivid response from the interlocutor through banter and provocation (trolling) — as a rule, hysteria or rage.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

There are many ways of telephone hooliganism - “hard” (bringing the interlocutor to anger or hysteria), “light” (a joke with the interlocutor or a heart-to-heart conversation), “radio prank” (drawing presenters live),” technoprank” (by competently cutting different voices and merging them into one, and sometimes saying phrases was the same victim), “conference” (connecting two or more victims into a conference call),” prankmix” (overlaying pranker phrases on someone else's or written music by him), “silent” (frequent calls and persistent silence on the phone) and more.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

It may also include information about knowingly false extreme situations (terrorist attack), a request to do something (transfer so much money to the caller to a certain number, and the reasons will be explained later and so on).


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

According to Article 20.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, such behavior is considered disorderly conduct and is punishable by arrest for up to fifteen days or an administrative fine in the amount of five to fifteen minimum amounts labor remuneration.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Reporting a false terrorist attack is punishable more seriously (under Article 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation [6]) and is no longer considered disorderly conduct, but it happens less often.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

However, in fact, the services rarely take on such cases, since in this case there is no corpus delicti.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The most effective option is to install a cassette for recording conversations and caller ID (automatic caller ID) in the case of a call on a landline phone and calculate the owner using it.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In the case of mobile, only recording equipment can be dispensed with, but this method is less effective due to the fact that the owner, after making a conversation, can replace the SIM card used in a new one, and the phone will be impossible to identify.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In addition, an attacker can, with skill, make a call from someone else's phone, as a result of which an innocent person may be charged.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In addition, even if a person is well known to the prank victim, she will not necessarily be able to identify him by voice due to the presence of many programs in the present that distort the caller's voice, and some distortion of the voice during the actual transmission of the voice, even if the voice is not deliberately distorted.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

As a result, an innocent person may also be charged.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

With frequent but not persistent calls, it helps to turn off the phone for a short time, but in the case of persistent calls, there is no effective method.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In other words, there is no effective remedy for prank and telephone fraud to this day.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Echoes in the tube


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

When using a mobile or cell phone, an echo may occur that somewhat interferes with the conversation, but it does not occur because of the environment of the speaker or interlocutor that echoes, but because on the other side, the voice returns through the microphone, and not always quickly (the delay is due to digital signal processing), which is why the echo occurs.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

However, this does not happen in normal wired communication, as the echo returns after a few milliseconds and merges with speech.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Most often, echo is fought with the help of special algorithms that remember the sounds spoken, look for them in the return voice, and subtract them from it when they are found.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

However, not all phones have such algorithms and do not always work well [7].


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Using your phone for other purposes


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Radio detonator


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

A cell phone can be used as an improvised blasting charge radio detonator, which, when called to the phone, detonates explosives by means of an electric discharge of a controlled phone.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Search for lost items


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Some modern mobile phones (which have Bluetooth v. 4.0) can work with a special tag that can determine the distance to the phone by signal strength.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

This tag can be placed on frequently lost items and if the distance exceeds, for example, a few meters, the tag and phone will be notified about it (“leash” mode).


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

This is necessary to remind a person that he forgot a flash drive, bag, etc. You can also request a sound response from the phone from the tag (radar mode).


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The tag is compact enough to be able to be attached, for example, to keys, a pet or put in a child's pocket when visiting with a large number of people, it is worth note that such tags are gadgets that do not come with phones [8].


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The phone in culture and art


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Every evening at eleven


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The plot of the Soviet melodrama film of 1969 is built around a telephone joke.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

For fun, the bachelor called the number chosen at random, and as a result found his fate.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Taimyr Is Calling You


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

A comedy television film of 1970, which plays on the lack of telephone communication in the USSR at that time: a long-distance conversation could only be ordered through an operator, and wait for a connection it took an indefinite time, sometimes a few hours.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

As a result of a business trip supplier, who is periodically called by Taimyr in a hotel room by long-distance communication, is replaced by other guests of the room, which leads to a pile of funny misunderstandings.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

A song from the movie Carnival (1981)


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Irina Muravyova's song “Call Me, Call Me” [9].


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The phone theme in this case turned out to be so successful and in demand that it was repeatedly used by other artists, for example, the Fabrika band [10], Diana Arbenina [11], Elena Vaenga [12] and others.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

The Matrix


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

In the Matrix universe, the phone is a means of returning the Matrix rebels to the real world.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Not all phones are suitable for this, but only those indicated by the operator and at the same time callers.


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Phone, Korney Chukovsky's tale


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

See also


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Mobile phone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Satellite phone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Conference phone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Videophone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

IP phone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Payphone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Emergency phone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Telephony


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Telephone socket


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Telephone distribution wire


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Automatic telephone exchange (PBX)


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Intercom


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Telephone conversation (phone call)


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Telephone broadcast


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Telephone answering machine


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Caller ID (Automatic Nomer Identification)


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Pupin's Reel


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Notes


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

References


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

(in English)


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

at the RKK Radio Museum (in Russian)


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

(in Russian)


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

(in Russian)


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Category:Telephone


Question: Who invented the phone?

phone

Category:Office equipment


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Ivanovich Yankovsky (February 23, 1944, Karsakpay [1], Kazakh SSR, USSR — May 20, 2009, Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet and Russian theater, film and television actor, film director.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

People's Artist of the USSR (1991).


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1987).


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Twice winner of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1996 [2], 2002 [3]).


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The actor is best known for his work in the films “Shield and Sword”, “Two Comrades Served”, “The Same Munchausen”, “Flying in Dreams and Waking”, “Nostalgia”, “An Ordinary Miracle”.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

On the theater stage, his most striking works were roles in the performances “The Idiot” by F. M. Dostoevsky, “Blue Horses on Red Grass” by M. F. Shatrov, “Optimistic Tragedy” Vs.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

IN. Vishnevsky, The Seagull by A. P. Chekhov, “The Jester Balakirev” by G. AND. Gorina.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Biography


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Early years


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Born in Karsakpay, Kazakh SSR (now the city of the same name in the Republic of Kazakhstan) on February 23, 1944 in the family of Ivan Pavlovich and Marina Ivanovna Yankovsky.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Yankovsky's parents lived in the village of Rudnik-Dzhezkazgan, but there was no maternity ward in the village at that time, and Oleg Ivanovich was born in the Karsakpay District Hospital.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The Yankovsky family has Belarusian and Polish roots [4].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The actor's father Yan Yankovsky (later the name Ivan was fixed) before the revolution of 1917 was a Guards officer, staff captain of the Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment, and was awarded the Order of St. George.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

During the Brusilov breakthrough, he was seriously wounded.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He served together with Tukhachevsky [5], who also began his career in the Semenovsky Regiment [4].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He was arrested in the early 1930s [6] and released in 1936.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1937 [4] Ivan Pavlovich was arrested again — as Oleg Yankovsky himself claimed — “burned” for “being a friend of Tukhachevsky” [5].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He was released soon after.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

During the Great Patriotic War, he worked in the rear — first at the smelting plant in Dzhezkazgan, and then, after Oleg's birth, at a closed plant in Leninabad, where uranium was mined.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1951, the family moved to Saratov, and in 1953 Ivan Pavlovich died (he was wounded in the First World War) [4] [7] [8].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Ivan Pavlovich loved theater, art, music; Marina Ivanovna dreamed of becoming a ballerina in her youth.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

They had a large library, which their father collected and their mother managed to preserve.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

When the family moved from Dzhezkazgan to Saratov, the sons' hobby became the theater — the eldest Rostislav studied in an amateur circle, the middle brother, Nikolai, in the theater club.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The brothers loved the performances of the local Youth Theater [9] [10].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Rostislav, after graduating from the theater studio in Leninabad, began working at the local theater.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1957, he moved to Minsk, where he began playing on the stage of the Minsk Russian Drama Theater.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

M. Gorky [10] [11] [12].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

To save his mother from part of the material worries (there was only one breadwinner left in the family — middle brother Nikolai), a year later Rostislav took 14-year-old Oleg, who had just finished the seventh grade [13] [14] [15 ].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In Minsk, Yankovsky Jr. made his debut on stage: then it was necessary to replace the sick travesty, who performed the cameo role of the boy Edik in the play “The Drummer” by A. D. Salynsky.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Salynsky, who caught Oleg's eye, asked him to go on stage and say a few phrases, and then decided to replace him, saying: “Look how organic the guy has!” [8] [16].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg loved football, which he became interested in while still living in Saratov.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

After moving to Minsk, he played for some time together with Eduard Malofeyev.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But this hobby had a negative impact on his studies, and his older brother forbade Oleg to play football [16] [17].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

His mother was worried about the departure of her sons, and as soon as the opportunity arose, Oleg returned to Saratov, where he graduated from school No. 67 [6].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

After school, Oleg was going to enter a medical school, but accidentally saw an announcement about admission to the Saratov Theater School.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Remembering his Minsk experience on stage, he decided to try his hand at it.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The admission exams were over, but Yankovsky decided to learn about the admission rules for the next year and went to the director's office.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He just asked for his last name and said that Yankovsky was enrolled.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

As it turned out a few months later, Oleg's brother Nikolai decided to enter in secret from his family and successfully passed a creative contest.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Nikolai, who sincerely loves Oleg, did not separate him from the stage.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg studied not without problems.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

As the stage speech teacher recalled: “He spoke badly, had a heavy apparatus, opened his mouth incorrectly.”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But in the role of Tuzenbach in his graduation performance “Three Sisters”, Oleg Yankovsky managed to show himself as a promising, interesting actor, and this dispelled the doubts of the master of the course [18].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In the second year of school, Yankovsky met Lyudmila Zorina, who was a year older.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

They soon got married.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

When Zorina was invited to the Saratov Drama Theater after school, she insisted that Yankovsky should also be taken there.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

After graduating from the Saratov Theater School in 1965 (teacher A. S. Bystryakov) [6] [19] Yankovsky joined the troupe of the Saratov Theater.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Lyudmila quickly became a star of the theater.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

At first, Oleg got only cameo roles, but later he successfully played the role of Prince Myshkin in the play based on the novel “The Idiot” [8].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Film debut


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky got into the movies almost by accident.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Saratov Drama Theater was on tour in Lviv.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg went to a hotel restaurant for lunch.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Director Vladimir Basov and members of the crew of the future film novel “The Shield and the Sword” are located in the same restaurant.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

They discussed where to find an artist for the role of Heinrich Schwarzkopf.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Basov's wife, Valentina Titova, noticed Oleg at the next table and told the director: “Here is a young man with a typical Aryan appearance.”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Basov agreed that the young man would be perfect, but “he, of course, is some physicist or philologist. Where can I find an artist with such a smart face?”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Having met Oleg again at Mosfilm and learning that he was an actor, Natalia Terpsikhorova, Basov's assistant, proposed his candidacy to the director.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

She found Oleg in the Saratov theater and invited him to audition [20].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Stanislav Lyubshin, who had already been approved for the role of intelligence officer Johann Weiss (Alexander Belov), was summoned to play along with the young artist.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg was very worried.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He had no film experience at all, and in theater, his experience consisted of tiny episodes.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Stanislav Lyubshin said:


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

We play and, like all artists at film auditions, we play terribly.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

I'm not afraid of it, I'm already approved, and Oleg is so worried!


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

We had a white column there, marble, and it was paler than this column.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The whole tragic condition was expressed on his noble face.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And the longer Oleg held on to the column, the more beautiful he became.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Then I said to Basov: “Vladimir Pavlovich, look how this guy suffers, how exactly you have chosen an artist.”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Cameraman Pasha Lebeshev supports me: “Indeed, it is becoming more and more interesting and interesting.”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And Basov agreed: “Yes, it is getting prettier every second, we affirm it” [21].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

This is how Oleg Yankovsky was invited to his first film.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The theater troupe went to Yalta after Lviv, where Oleg read the script for the film “The Shield and the Sword” [22].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In the same year, Oleg played Red Army soldier Andrei Nekrasov in Yevgeny Karelov's drama “Two Comrades Served”.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

At first, he auditioned for the role of Lieutenant Brusentsov, but the director, seeing Oleg at the audition, exclaimed: “We will not give this man to Wrangel” [23].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

On the set of this film, Yankovsky met with two stars at once — Rolan Bykov, who played Ivan Karyakin, and Vladimir Vysotsky, who played Lieutenant Brusentsov.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The young actor became friends with Rolan Bykov.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Bykov's advice became prophetic for Yankovsky and sunk into his memory:


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Don't go straight to Moscow, Oleg.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Moscow is suffocating, it lacks talented people.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And you're going to be popular as soon as this movie comes out.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Many theaters, both Moscow and Leningrad, will be called [24].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In the role of Nekrasov, Yankovsky learned to remain silent and learned to watch.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Valery Frid, one of the scriptwriters, recalled how the film's director Yevgeny Karelov ran to him and asked with concern why Nekrasov, played by Yankovsky, had so little text, all his lines fit on half of the printed page.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

How is it, the main role and so little text?


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Can you add it?


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

No need, we told the director, let him keep silent, let Bykov talk, and Yankovsky is already clear, without text, and he is silent so expressively, his silence says so much [25].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

After the release of the films “Shield and Sword” and “Two Comrades Served” Yankovsky became famous.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Saratov spectators began to go to the theater on Oleg Yankovsky Street.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Ivanovich began to receive serious roles, both classical (Glass of Water — Mesham, Talents and Admirers — Meluzov, The Idiot — Myshkin) and modern repertoire (Man from the Outside — Cheshkov).


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1972, Oleg Yankovsky played in the film “Racers” by Igor Maslennikov.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The film was shot as an advertisement for the export version of the Moskvich-412 car.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

As in his first two films, Yankovsky had a great partner Evgeny Leonov.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

They actually lived in the car for several months, going to Abkhazia, the Baltic States, Finland to shoot [24].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

It was Leonov who recommended Mark Zakharov, the newly appointed chief director of Lenkom, to take a closer look at Yankovsky.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Zakharov specially traveled to Saratov (as he describes this episode in his book Theater Without Lies) and watched the performances “The Idiot” and “Talents and Fans” with the participation of Oleg Yankovsky [20] (in August 1973 Saratov Academic Drama Theater toured on the stage of the Bolshoi Drama Theater named after M. Gorky [26]).


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky's work was noted by the Leningrad press.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The Leningrad newspaper Smena wrote in 1973:


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

We mesh in “A Glass of Water” — a classic hero lover, and even at Skrib's — and suddenly, a simpleton!


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Well thought out.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And brilliantly played [27].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

... if we talk about the role that determines the main thing in the actor's work, this is Prince Myshkin in Dostoevsky's The Idiot [27].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

After a successful tour in Leningrad, Oleg began to receive offers to play in various Moscow and Leningrad theaters, but he was waiting for an offer from Mark Zakharov.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov did not come to the meeting with Oleg, which did not discourage the young actor, who himself called the director and reminded him of the meeting [24].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1973, at the invitation of Mark Zakharov, Oleg Yankovsky moved to the Moscow Lenin Komsomol Theater (Lenkom) and began rehearsing the main role there — Goryaev, the young secretary of the party organization at the construction site of a giant automobile plant in the “youth and musical” performance Avtograd XXI, the first production by Mark Zakharov as the main director of this theater.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The play was written by him in collaboration with Yuri Vizbor.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The performance did not last long in the repertoire, was warmly received by critics, but the actor recalled it with a good feeling, as “a joint debut with Zakharov in Lenkom.”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky recalled that time: “My transition to Moscow was difficult mainly in everyday terms. A five-meter dorm room, a little son... But professionally I did not feel any fear” [20].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Over the years, Oleg Yankovsky has been creating many interesting images in the cinema: the uncompromising party leader Solomakhin in the Award based on the play by Alexander Gelman and the cheerful scholar Francisk Skorina (I, Francis Skorina) , investigator Vorontsov (“The Long, Long Case...”) and Decembrist Ryleev in Vladimir Motyl's film Star of Captivating Happiness, a polar explorer (72 degrees below zero) and a special correspondent of the capital's newspaper (Wait for Me, Anna”).


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky's notable work in the mid-1970s was the role of Father in Andrei Tarkovsky's film “The Mirror”.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The actor was included in the film due to his resemblance to Arseny Tarkovsky, the director's father [28].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

For Yankovsky, the role of the Father was expanded.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Little Philip, Oleg Yankovsky's son (he played Andrei Tarkovsky himself as a child) also played in the film [29].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Tarkovsky dreamed of filming William Shakespeare's play Hamlet and offered the role of Hamlet to Oleg Yankovsky, but Tarkovsky was not allowed to make a film.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And then he decided to put this play on the stage.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky brought this play to Lenkom, persuaded Mark Zakharov, waited two years, but five days before the rehearsals (the premiere took place in 1977), Tarkovsky said: “You, Oleg, are a romantic hero, your role is Laert, and Tolya Solonitsyn will play Hamlet” [30] (Inna Churikova and Margarita Terekhova also played in the production) [29] [31].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Yankovsky resentfully refused to participate in the performance [21].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

This cooled the relationship between the director and the actor [30].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1976, Mark Zakharov was supposed to start filming the TV film “An Ordinary Miracle” based on the play by Yevgeny Shvarts.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The management of Mosfilm needed a film that could be suitable for screening on New Year's Eve.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

It was supposed to be an easy, sweet comedy.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov, a theater director who had two films to his credit — the feature film “Train Parking — Two Minutes” and the television film “12 Chairs”, shot for television and was recognized as unsuccessful [32].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

There was a black and white adaptation of Schwartz's fairy tale, which was directed in 1964 by Erast Garin.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Despite the fact that Oleg Vidov played the role of the Bear, a recognized sex symbol, and Garin himself played the role of the King, the film was forgotten.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov did not like this play, he considered it lightweight, did not see a philosophical implication in it.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But when he decided to tell the story in his own way, he agreed.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov saw only Oleg Yankovsky in the role of the Wizard.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

It was easily approved by the Art Council, bearing in mind his long track record in the cinema.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But before filming, the actor suffered a heart attack [33] and was in intensive care.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

When Mark Zakharov came to the hospital to Yankovsky, the actor said that he was ready to give up the role.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But the director said, “No. I'm not going to part with you. We'll be waiting.”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Filming was suspended and began only after the actor left the hospital [34].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov recalled how Yankovsky helped him with his film experience on the set [35].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And this time it turned out to be a movie.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The bear was played by a very young Alexander Abdulov, and the Princess, who fell in love with him, was played by Evgenia Simonova.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And Oleg Yankovsky, the Wizard, was guilty of this whole story.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov contrasted the Wizard with all other characters in his world.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He is the only figure with a philosophical character.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The rest are either lyrical or satirical.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He is the main person, and it was he who told the moral of this fairy tale: “Glory to the brave who dare to love knowing that all this will come to an end. Glory to the madmen who live as if they were immortal” [25].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky's wizard did not get lost against the background of the courageous charm of Medved-Abdulov, the enchanting grotesque of King Leonov and the gentle charm of Princess-Simonova.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Despite the fact that the director gave Yankovsky less money to create his image, he managed to show the essence of the Creator with stingy colors — he had the ability to work miracles, but at the same time he was quite a real person — selfish, powerful, sometimes cruel, and at the same time wise.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov later admitted that if there were no Wizard, then there would be no Munchausen, Swift and Dragon.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Thanks to the resounding success of An Ordinary Miracle, the director was finally able to prove that he was “not an accidental person in cinema” [35].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1978, Oleg Yankovsky played investigator Kamyshev in Emil Lotyanu's film “My Affectionate and Tender Beast” based on the story by A. P. Chekhov “Drama on the Hunt”.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

“A beautiful man in a white suit”, as Mark Zakharov wrote about it.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky dedicated this role to his mother, Marina Ivanovna [36].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The film was poorly received by critics due to the free treatment of the original source, but was a resounding success among the audience (especially the audience), and Yankovsky after the film became, as they say, a “sex symbol” [20].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In the cinema concerts that were so loved to be shown on our TV screen in Soviet times, the scene where Kamyshev — Oleg Yankovsky circling Olenka — Galina Belyaeva in his arms to the sound of the famous waltz by Yevgeny Doga, was mandatory [25].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Also in 1978, Mark Zakharov staged the play “Blue Horses on Red Grass” in Lenkom based on the play by Mikhail Shatrov.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

It was a bold experiment — Oleg Yankovsky played not just Lenin, but Lenin without makeup, without the usual burr of the leader, played him not as a bronze monument, but as an ordinary person, sick, tired, suffering from the fact that he has little left.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Even those who did not accept the performance admired the work of Yankovsky, who was able to move away from the traditional display of Lenin.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The actor did not play the real Lenin, but his romantic performance in the minds of people, not the person he was, but the person they wanted to see him [20].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

“The Same Munchausen”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1979, Mark Zakharov began filming the TV film “The Same Munchausen”, which was based on Grigory Gorin's play “The Most Truthful”, originally written for the theater of the Soviet Army [37].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In this performance, the main roles were played by Vladimir Zeldin and Lyudmila Kasatkina, it would be logical to invite them to the film, but Mark Zakharov saw only Oleg Yankovsky in the image of Munchausen, despite the fact that It was, in a way, a bold decision.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov recalled:


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

There was an element of risk in inviting Oleg Yankovsky to this role.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

After all, he developed as a non-comedic actor at all.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But to Oleg's credit, his acting palette contained comedic colors, which in the film, especially in the first part, but also in the second part too, received a worthy embodiment [38].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The Art Council did not approve the actor, arguing that he was too young for the role of a baron who has an adult son [37].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Grigory Gorin was also against Yankovsky's candidacy.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He wrote in his memoirs:


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Before that, he played direct, tough, strong-willed people — Volga characters that betray his origin.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

I didn't believe in his baron.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Work began, and it got into character and changed before our eyes.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He grew into the role, and Munchausen appeared — smart, ironic, subtle.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

What a mistake it would be if we had another actor!


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

However, then problems arose again.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

As Gorin later recalled, “during the dubbing of the film, it turned out that the magnificent looking Baron Karl Friedrich Jerome was talking with some Saratov accent and with great difficulty pronouncing some words and expressions inherent in the German aristocracy” [39].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Gorin was not present during the voice acting in the tone studio of the final scene, where Baron Munchausen said a phrase that later became famous: “A smart face is not a sign of intelligence, gentlemen.”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In the script, the phrase sounded like this: “A serious face is not yet a sign of intelligence, gentlemen,” but Oleg Yankovsky made a reservation when voicing, and so this phrase, to Gorin's displeasure, became a winged phrase [40].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

On December 31, 1979, the premiere took place.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

This film became the hallmark of Oleg Yankovsky.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Despite the large number of great roles played by the actor after this film, his best role is often cited as Baron Munchausen [41].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In the performance of Oleg Yankovsky, Munchausen did not appear as a baron vralem who is familiar from Erich Raspe's book and canonical illustrations by Gustave Dore.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

This is a parable about the courage of a man who is able to remain himself without giving up to hypocrites and pruds.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky often recalled in his interviews about the “role formula” that Mark Zakharov found for him.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

When Mark and I were discussing how to play Munchausen, he remembered this parable: They crucified a man and asked, “Well, how do you like it?” - “It's okay... It only hurts to smile.”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Munchausen is taking a detour, and this is probably his strength.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Going to the square and shouting about your beliefs is not the most difficult way [38].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov drew a line:


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky's eyes turned out to be smart, and his appearance, although not too comic, was quite funny.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Yankovsky very subtly and very reverently accumulated our common sadness.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And the writer's delight.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And the pathos of a true truth-lover [42].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1981, Oleg Yankovsky played the role of Jack Stapleton in the film “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson: The Dog of the Baskervilles”.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1982, he played the main role in Sergei Mikaelyan's film “In Love at Will”.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Yankovsky got into this film thanks to Evgenia Glushenko, who has already been approved for the main role of Vera.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Glushenko persuaded director Sergei Mikaelyan to stop looking for the main character and invite Yankovsky: “Only Oleg will be able to play a gentleman, even a man who has descended. He's a real aristocrat!” [43] Sergey Mikaelyan agreed, despite the fact that the main character of the film according to the plot is 27 years old, and Oleg Yankovsky was already 38, and did not see another actor in this role.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

When Lenkom was supposed to go to Central Asia to shoot, Mikaelyan insisted that the entire film group be sent after Yankovsky [44].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The film was watched by almost 25 million viewers, and Oleg Yankovsky was recognized as the best actor of the year according to a survey of readers of Sovetsky Ekran magazine [43].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Also in 1982, Oleg Yankovsky starred in Roman Balayan's film “Flying in Dreams and Waking”.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The script was written by Viktor Merezhko specifically for Nikita Mikhalkov [45], but when Roman Balayan accidentally saw Yankovsky in the film “We the Undersigned”, he was so impressed by his performance that he immediately Merezhko called and said: “We take Yankovsky” [45] [46].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Balayan recalled this: “Why did I decide this? It seems to me that Oleg had something that many people do not have: he is in the frame and above him. There was something else besides what he said, in his face, in his eyes” [46].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Viktor Merezhko called the actor and offered him the main role, but Yankovsky, having learned that the film would be shot by an unknown director at the Dovzhenko Film Studio [47], refused.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But then, having accidentally found out the details of the plot from Nikita Mikhalkov himself, Oleg Yankovsky agreed [48].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

This film was the beginning of the actor's fruitful cooperation with director Roman Balayan.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Roman Balayan described the main character of the film as follows: “The hero in the plot is both this and this. You don't like it, he's good, he's almost a scoundrel, here he's wonderful again, here he's comic, here he's crying. In one film, the artist was allowed to play everything” [49].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky was awarded the USSR State Prize for his role in the film “Flying in Dreams and Waking”.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In the 1980s, Roman Balayan directed the films “The Kiss” (1983), “Save Me, My Talisman” (1986) and “Filer” (1987) with Oleg Yankovsky.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

“It wasn't until 1983 that I really drowned with happiness. Then it all coincided! I starred in Italy, with Tarkovsky himself, and two films premiered in Moscow at once — Flying in Dreams and Waking and In Love at Will,” Oleg Yankovsky later admitted in his interview [50].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The main role in the film “Nostalgia” was to be played by Andrei Tarkovsky's favorite actor, his friend and protagonist of his films Anatoly Solonitsyn, but he died of lung cancer in June 1982, and Tarkovsky offered the main role to Oleg Yankovsky.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Solonitsyn died before writing the script, and therefore the script was written specifically “for Yankovsky”.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The hero of Nostalgia was first to be a Russian serf composer (whose prototype was Dmitry Bortnyansky), sent to study in Italy.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But according to the script, the main character of the film was modern writer Andrey Gorchakov.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He comes to Italy to find materials about the serf of Count Sheremetev, a composer of the XVIII century, Sosnovsky [29].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Tarkovsky decided to prepare the actor for the role.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Yankovsky was accommodated in a hotel and simply abandoned — without knowledge of the language, without money.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

One week passed, another, no one showed up.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The delight of meeting with the capitalist abroad gave way to longing.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Yankovsky was already desperate, and then Tarkovsky finally appeared.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Seeing the actor's extinct gaze, he said: “Now you can be filmed” [29] [51].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky recalled the first meeting with Tarkovsky in Rome:


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He didn't come in — he burst in, as usual, nervous, fast, thin.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

We hugged each other, kept silent for a long time.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

This pause was everything.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And Tolya, who left, and the fear of my discrepancy with Andrey, despite the alteration of the script, and ignorance of what he expects from me.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

And the joy of meeting.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But the main thing is the feeling of strength in this short, lean person.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

“How's the script?” - It's “beautiful.”


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

— “Here, all Russians immediately understand” [20].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The film was shot in three months.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1983, Italy exhibited the film at the Cannes Film Festival with the expectation of the Palme d'Or.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

But the film did not receive a prize, Tarkovsky blamed Sergei Bondarchuk, who was on the jury, for everything.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The leadership of the State Film Agency, especially the Chairman of the USSR State Film Agency F. T. Yermash, demanded that Tarkovsky return to the country.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The director decided to stay in Italy, “Nostalgia” was banned from screening in the USSR [29].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1983, Mark Zakharov staged Vsevolod Vishnevsky's play “Optimistic Tragedy” on the stage of Lenkom.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky played in this performance the tsarist officer Captain Bering, a role that demonstrated his textured aristocracy and his ability to expressively remain silent.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Mark Zakharov recalled:


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

While rehearsing with Yankovsky at Captain Bering's Theater from Optimistic Tragedy — a role in which there are very few words — I noticed how he knows how to remain silent.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

“The eyes are the mirror of the soul,” people say.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He has an extraordinarily expressive look.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

He does not have to say words at all, he knows how to radiate nervous energy, “burn” without moving.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Perhaps no one else can do it the way he can [35].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

In 1986, Oleg Yankovsky played the role of Hamlet in a production by Gleb Panfilov in Lenkom.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

This was the first film director's work in the theater.


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The performance did not last long in the repertoire and was underestimated by critics [52] [53].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

They did not accept the interpretation of Shakespeare's famous play as a debutant director in the theater [54].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The greatest hostility was caused by the role of Hamlet performed by Oleg Yankovsky [52].


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

The actor did not play a spiritual quest, but the end result.