Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

To this day, the castle in Novy Wisnich is the property of the Lubomirski Family Union [7].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Many estates were located on the territory of the largest Polish cities: Warsaw (for example Mokotow, Ujazdov, Chernyakov), Krakow (Justowska Wola, Kamenica pod Barany), Rzeszow (castle) Sandomierz, Lviv.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prestige was emphasized by the maintenance of the residence in Dresden, Vienna, Paris.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Family members were called “owners of the Dnieper bank”, because many of their estates were concentrated on the territory of present-day Ukraine and Slovakia.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The Lubomirski had political, military and economic influence, which was concentrated mainly in Krakow, Sandomierz, Lublin and Russian voivodeships, and then covered the entire territory of the Speech Commonwealth of Both Nations.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They maintained this state until the collapse of the Polish state, when the family was deprived of many estates as a result of fines for participating in the Polish independence movement.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Lyubomirsky invested in real estate, buying large land complexes.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They deliberately sought to concentrate them into one, big whole.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Territorial expansion began in the ancestral territory south of Krakow and was directed to the east.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Common estates reached the largest size during the time of Stanislav Lyubomirsky (d. 1649).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

It was the third largest state in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, smaller only than the Ostroh majorat and the Radziwill possessions.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The family bought property and rented wealthy royal estates, such as the Spiš, Sandomierz and Sondec eldership.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The income from the land leased from the king was comparable to that from private estates.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They introduced many amenities and new solutions to their estates.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They rearranged their land holdings to industrial production, building sugar, vodka factories and factories.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They introduced equality in the rights of citizens, allowing Jews to buy real estate in private cities, build houses, and gave them judicial rights [8].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Lyubomirsky founded schools and hospitals for the peasant population, which were maintained from private income.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

On their estates, people from the lower class were often hired, taking care of their education, offering places to live, clothes, and, of course, the usual salary paid twice a year.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

For their faithful service, they were given significant estates in lifelong inherited possession [9].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Genus separation


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The family, initially small in number, has grown significantly, which contributed to the division of the existing wealth, but made it possible to start political activity, thanks to the support of numerous persons in the Seimas, in the Senate or at the Royal Court.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Regular family members could also count on the support of their relatives in political or judicial activities.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The family was divided into five main lines: Vishnevetskaya (from Alexander Mikhail (1614-1677), Lancut (from Stanislav Irakli (1642—1702), Przeworskaya (from Alexander Mikhail - died 1675), Rzeszowska (from Alexander Mikhail - died 1675), Rzeszowska (from Jerome Augustine (c. 1647-1706) and Yanovetskaya (from Jerzy Dominik (1665—1727).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The most numerous line was the Przeworska line, which was divided into three branches: Dubrovensko-Krushynska, Rovensko-Przeworskaya and Dubenskaya.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Numerous representatives of this line are alive to this day.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The first citizens of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Family members performed the following public positions: they were marshals, elders, voivods, hetmans.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Four Princes Lubomirski held the post of Marshal of the Grand Crown: Jerzy Sebastian, Stanislav Irakli, Jozef Karol, and Stanislav.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They took an active part in political activities, presiding over the Seimas, creating a private army, performing the functions of royal ambassadors to the courts of all Europe.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Many times, they have had a decisive influence on the choice of monarchs.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They were also defenders of the gentry, which often trusted them with their votes in the Seimas and during the election of kings.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Jerzy Sebastian was a great marshal and hetman full crown, and yet decided to support the demands of the gentry united in the uprising [10].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Marriages were also important.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Representatives of Lyubomirsky made sure to contact the same influential and wealthy families.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

This allowed them to expand private estates and even accept part of the Ostrog lands on the basis of the Kolbushov deal in 1753.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Stanislav Lyubomirsky (1583—1649) married Princess Sofia Ostrozhskaya, Alexander Mikhail Lyubomirsky married Elena Fökla Ossolinskaya, Kristina Lyubomirskaya married Albrecht Stanislav Radziwill, Jozef Karol Lubomirsky (1638-1702) was the husband of Princess Theofila Ludwika Zaslavskaya, who inherited the Ostrog ordination.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Teresa Lubomirskaya (d. 1712) was the wife of Karl Philip, Duke of Neuburg, and Marianne Lubomirskaya (1693-1729) - Prince Pavel Karl Sangushka, Grand Marshal of Lithuania [11].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Royal blood


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1647, the Lubomirskys, represented by Stanislav, received from the German Emperor Ferdinand III of Habsburg the hereditary title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They were candidates for the crown themselves.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Hetman Grand Crown Duke Jerome Augustine was the most serious candidate for the Polish throne after the death of Jan III Sobieski.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Jan Theodor Constantius Lubomirski (1683-1745), Krakow voivode, claimed the crown after the death of Augustus II the Strong.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislav Lyubomirsky, Kiev voivode, marshal of the Radom Tribunal, was a candidate for the Polish royal throne in 1764.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Princes Lubomirski were also candidates for the Czech and Hungarian throne.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Jerzy Ignatius Lubomirski (1687—1753) claimed the throne of Hungary.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The culmination of these efforts was the performance of the function of Prince Regent by Zdislav Lubomirski in 1917-1918 [12].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The princely family of Lubomirsky is connected with almost all dynasties ruling in Europe, for example, with the Bourbons, Capets, Ludolfing, Wittelsbach, Hohenzollern, Rurikovich.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The Lubomirski family is maternal related to the Mazowiecki Piast family.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Sofia Lyubomirskaya was the great-granddaughter of Anna Mazovetskaya, daughter of Konrad III the Red, Prince Mazowiecki.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Ekaterina Lyubomirskaya (c. 1585—1620) was the wife of Kastelian of Krakow and a major Ukrainian prince tycoon Janusz Konstantinovich Ostrozhsky, closely related to Boleslav IV of Warsaw , a descendant of Konrad Mazowiecki [13].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Famous winners


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislav Lyubomirsky became famous for his command in the battle of Khotin in 1621, where he fought with Turkish-Tatar troops.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Stanislav initially took part in the battle at the head of a private regiment, but when hetman Karl Khodkevich died, and Hetman Konetspolsky was in captivity, he took command.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Pretty soon led to the end of the siege.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The multi-day battle near Khotin ended with the rebound of the Turks on October 10, 1621.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Jerzy's Prince Sebastian Lubomirski (1616—1667) was the only Polish aristocrat who did not swear allegiance to Charles X Gustav during the Swedish Flood.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He gave refuge to Jan Casimir on his estate in Lubovlya (now Slovakia) and launched a counteroffensive by Polish troops.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He gave a private army that fought near Varka and defended Warsaw and Torun, occupied by the Swedes.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Stefan Czarnecki gave his support in the campaign carried out by the prince.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1660, Prince Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, at the head of private and royal troops, conducted a lightning campaign, ended with the defeat of the Russian troops at Zudnov and Polonka.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

It was one of the best military campaigns in Europe in the seventeenth century.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1661, relations with the king cooled down and as a result, this led to an uprising.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The prince retired to Silesia, and demoted by the Seimas court, fought for the right to rehabilitation.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

His sons did it.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Jerome Augustine Lubomirsky, a member of the Order of the Hospitallers, devoted his life to the fight against the Turks, a civilizational and cultural threat to the whole of Europe.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He suppressed the Cossack uprising of Petro Doroshenko.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1670, he fought with the Crimean Horde near Bratslav and Kalnik.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1683, during the Battle of Vienna, his troops were the first to reach the city gates.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

During the I Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, eight members of the family served as generals.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Two of them took part in the war with tsarist Russia, which began the Kostyushko uprising [14].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Lubomirski in the history of Warsaw


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislav Irakli Lyubomirsky (1642—1702) hired Tilman from Gameren, later court architect King Mikhail Koribut Vishnevetsky, to restore his numerous residences.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He owned residences in Pulawy, Cherniakov (where he founded a monastery and Bernardine church) and in Ujazdow (now part of Warsaw).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

At the end of the 17th century, he built a Bath here, which became the beginning of the Palace on the Water of Stanislav August Ponyatovsky and the Hermitage, planned as a place for meditation and relaxation.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was a friend of many artists and patrons of art in Europe, as evidenced by the surviving correspondence.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

His contacts linked him to the French and Spanish courts and members of the Medici family, which helped him carry out numerous missions and negotiate on behalf of the Polish king.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislaw Irakli is also a talented writer, the predecessor of the Polish Baroque in the field of literature.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He spoke several languages, used almost all known literary forms in his works, but was most interested in new trends that came from the regions of Italy.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

His philosophical work “Conversations between Artaxes and Evandra” entered the canon of Old Polish literature and even became mandatory school literature [15].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

An example of the organization of the center of the capital is the reconstruction of the Palace under a tin roof, entrusted at the beginning of the 18th century to Jerzy Dominik Lubomirski.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The palace, which acquired classical forms, located on the south side of the Royal Castle, was bought in 1777 by King Stanislaw August Poniatowski himself, who eventually housed a library there [16].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The previous owner of this building was Prince Jerzy Martin Lubomirski (1738—1811), deserved especially for the Polish theater.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He financed the production of domestic and European theatrical performances, organized numerous concerts, balls and meetings.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The celebrations he organized were a meeting place for artists and aristocrats from all over Europe, and in the memory of the residents of the capital he was remembered as the organizer of mass festivities with a demonstration of fireworks — Foksal [17 ].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Jerzy's Prince Martin Lubomirski is also an adventurer and a member of the lordly confederation.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

From 1758 he served in the Prussian army, then in the Russian army.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

His family removed him from political life in Poland, but he fit into history as a lover of music and theater.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1777, he financed the publication of Moliere's Tartuffe, in 1783 he rented the theater, and appointed Wojciech Boguslavsky as director of the theater.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He also opened an acting and ballet school for 1,000 people [18].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Isabella Czartoryska (1733—1816), wife of Marshal of the Great Crown Stanislav Lubomirski, rebuilt the castle in Łańcut, collected a collection of works of art and libraries containing hundreds of works all over Europe and the world.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

She was politically active, protecting part of the French court at her estate in Lancut during the revolution.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

She expanded her residences, often using the latest architectural solutions.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

She built a palace on her estate in Mokotów.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

It gave its name to this district of Warsaw, naming its estate Mon Coteau (My Hill).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Isabella was a theater lover, she laid the cornerstone in the foundation of the National Theater in Warsaw.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

It contained a number of private scenes in its palaces.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The concept of theater in history has had a much broader meaning than it is today.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

It covered not only theatrical performances, but also opera, cabaret or acrobatic performances.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

It was an environment that greatly influenced the feelings of the audience.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

For Princess Isabella, Franciszek Karpinski wrote “A Song about the Nativity of the Lord”, known as “God Is Born.” Cyprian Camille Norvid wrote a eulogy in honor of her daughter.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

From his residence in Lancut, Tadeusz Kosciuszko went to Krakow, and from there he began an uprising throughout the country [18].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislav Lubomirsky, husband of Isabella, went down in history as the master of Warsaw.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He introduced constant street lighting in it and maintained a police detachment for private money.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

First of all, he wanted to take care of the health of the residents of Warsaw, and therefore decided to surround the city on both sides of the Vistula with an earthen rampart, which was originally supposed to protect against the spreading epidemic plague.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Only three passages were made in the rampart, in which people and wagons were controlled at the entrance to the city.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Later, the mound, fortified with guns, was used to defend the capital during the Kosciuszko uprising and the November uprising.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Throughout the 19th century, the rampart defined the boundaries of the city.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

By decree of 1770, he introduced permanent street names, which greatly facilitated the administration of the city and its functioning, streamlining registration issues or facilitating the delivery of correspondence [19].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Philanthropists and philanthropists


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Lyubomirsky, like other wealthy aristocratic families, carried out artistic, cultural and scientific patronage.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In the family castle - Wisnice, which is still the property of the family and in Wilanow, Royal Baths, Lancut or Mokatow, they supported private theater groups, financed artists, financed sacred objects and took care of the interior of the residence.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The reconstruction of the castle in Wisnic was the work of Matej Trapoli.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The chapel in the castle was decorated with Giovanni Battista Falconi's stucco work.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Stanislav Lyubomirsky (1538—1649), who financed the repair of the castle, also founded twenty sacred objects [20].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Marcel Lubomirsky supported the work of Cyprian Camille Norvid for many years.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

It was immortalized by the poet in school literature: “White Flowers” [21].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Jozef Lubomirsky (1751-1817) was a supporter of industrialization and reforms of the country, a capable military leader, holder of the Orders of the White Eagle (the highest state award) and St. Stanislaus.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

22] He expressed his support for the Constitution on May 3. [22]


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Lyubomirsky built private schools for wards on the territory of their estates.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Training was often given to professionals — the Order of PR or Jesuits.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Family members founded monasteries, churches and other sacred sites.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislaw Lubomirski founded the Carmelite Monastery in Wisnicz, which is still a gem of Renaissance architecture in Poland.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

For many decades, the inhabitants of the castle in Wisnic supported the monastery with various legates.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Jerzy Dominik Lubomirski (c. 1665—1727) donated many valuable items, including liturgical vessels, to the Pauline Monastery on Jasna Gora.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

On his initiative, the main gate leading to the monastery was created.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They are called Lubomirski Gate [23].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The struggle for the independence of Poland


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

After 1795, Princes Lyubomirsky were engaged in underground and rebel activities, although they were taken away for this next estates.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Jerzy Roman Lubomirsky (1799-1865), the owner of Rozvadov, took part in the battles of the November and January uprisings, and on the territory of his estates organized hospitals for the wounded.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

And after the breakdown of the uprising, his palace became a place of secret meetings of Polish patriots.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He also took part in public and scientific activities.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He ran a trivial school and an almshouse.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He has created two scientific foundations.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The first was engaged in the purchase of equipment for research, the second awarded Polish authors of outstanding scientific papers.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

His brother, Prince Adam Jerome Charles Lubomirsky (1811—1873), was awarded the Virtuti Militari Cross for his participation in the November Uprising.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

After the suppression of the uprising, the tsarist authorities deprived the family of part of their property [24].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1823, Prince Heinrich Lubomirsky (1777—1850) handed over his rich collections (including books, archives, works of art and other memorabilia called “antiquities”) to the National Institute them.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Ossolinsky in Lviv, which has since become an important scientific and cultural institution known throughout Europe.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Humanitarian research was conducted here.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The works issued by the Institute in the 19th century are still of high cognitive value.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Ossolineum also publishes sources on Polish history.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Without the material and financial support that Ossolineum received from Prince Lubomirsky, the institution would have fallen into disrepair at the beginning of its activities.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Henrikh Lubomirsky for many years held the post of curator of the facility.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He contributed to the creation of the Museum of Princes Lubomirski, the first private museum in Poland publicly accessible to visitors.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He had a special close relationship with Sigmunt Krasinski.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The figure of the prince was immortalized in the “Undivine Comedy” in the person of Orch [25].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Heinrich Lubomirski created the Przetvorsky majorat in 1823.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

As a result of the insurgency of the creator, the majorat was legalized by the occupying authorities only after his death.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1869, the first recognized owner of the majorat was his son, Prince Andrzej Lubomirski.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Alexander Lubomirski (1802-1893) founded an institute for poor boys in the center of Krakow (now the seat of the University of Economics) and girls in Lagiewniki (today's church) recognized by Blessed John Paul II, where the revelations of St. Sister Faustina took place).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In these institutions, poor young people were preparing for adulthood.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They were trained free of charge in various practical professions that could become the basis for their future employment [26].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski (1826—1908) founded the Charity Society in Warsaw.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was a long-time president of the Institute of Ophthalmology in Warsaw, which was engaged in eye research at the European level.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

On his initiative, special teams were created that helped treat the eyesight of poor people.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They gave free consultations to their patients.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

During the January uprising, the prince was a member of the National Government of Romuald Traugutt, where he served as Director of the Department of Internal Affairs.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

For his anti-tsarist actions, he was exiled to the depths of Russia to Nizhny Novgorod.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He supported the Polish education system.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He defended Polish professional organizations from competition from Russia and Prussia, founded credit unions.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He tried to revindicate Polish works of art looted during the war by the Russians, in particular, he received back the Poniatowski monument standing in front of the Presidential Palace, and received back and restored Sigismund's Column, bought Polish castles in Chersk and Ilzha to save them from destruction.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1875, he founded the Museum of Industry and Agriculture in Warsaw (today it houses the Central Agricultural Library).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He founded night schools for craftsmen and apprentices and penny savings banks for the poor.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He financed the publication of sources for Polish history, industry magazines, and organized free libraries [27].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Vladislav Emanuel Lubomirski supported the Zoological Cabinet of the University of Warsaw.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The prince invested in the purchase of textbooks, financed business trips of university employees, handed over his collections of shells.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He himself was mainly engaged in floristry, studied the behavior of plants in changed climatic conditions.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Its funds are still used by the Zoological Museum of the Institute of Zoology of the PAN [28].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Vladislav Lubomirski (1866—1934) was a philanthropist and founder of a group of artists of Musical Young Poland.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

To facilitate the work of the organization, he founded a company that promoted talented young Polish artists.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Over the years, he funded and promoted Karol Shimanovsky, Arthur Rubinstein and Grigory Fitelberg.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He financed the Warsaw Philharmonic at a time when tsarist officials planned to close it [29].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Princes Vladislav Lyubomirsky and Jan Tadeusz Lyubomirsky were the initiators of the creation of the Family Union of Princes Lyubomirsky [30].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislav Sebastian Lubomirsky (1875—1932) founded the Aviat Warsaw Aviation Society in 1910.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

According to his initiative, the first civic pilot school on Polish soil and an aircraft plant were founded.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Aviata's first airport was located on Mokotovsky Field, a territory also occupied by the tsarist army.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The prince received consent to its use directly from tsarist officials [31].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Regent declares Poland's independence


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

On October 7, 1918, on the initiative of Prince Regent Zdislaw Lubomirski, after 123 years, the Polish Declaration of Independence was announced.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Published in the Polish Monitor, the state body in which current legal acts have been published and are currently being published [32].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Regent Zdzislaw Lubomirski (1865—1943) was a long-time president of Warsaw and politician.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

As President of the Civil Committee and President of Warsaw, he expanded self-government, organized intervention works, credit unions, took care of the health care and living conditions of residents Warsaw.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

By his actions, he determined the directions for the future work of the next politicians of an independent state.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1926, he assumed the role of mediator between the parties to the conflict.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In the 30s of the XX century, he was a senator, worked in the committees of foreign affairs and the military.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

During World War II, he was imprisoned and tortured at the Gestapo.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

33] He died of wounds sustained in prison [33].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

At the initiative of Prince Regent, the creation of the foundations of the Polish administration began during the First World War.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Existing institutions were taken away from the occupiers and new authorities were created.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The institutions were stable.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They worked in the 1920s, and often the same people worked in them [34].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Twenty years of interwar


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1919-1939, Princes Lyubomirsky were deputies, senators, worked in ministries.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

We also participated in the industrialization process of the state.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They created banking institutions and credit unions that provided cheap loans to the poorest segments of the population.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They took an active part in educational organizations, founded and financed schools.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They were also members of key organizations engaged in the modernization of roads, railways, and aviation.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They took part in the reconstruction of the Polish army.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They were also engaged in Polish culture and social work.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stefan Lubomirski (1862—1941) was the initiator of the Polish Olympic Committee (later the Polish Olympic Committee) and a member of the International Olympic Committee.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was the first president of Polish Savings Banks.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The next president was his cousin, Prince Kazimir Lubomirski.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stefan was passionate about breeding racehorses.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

At the Vidzov farm near Czestochowa, he, together with his brothers, created the most modern stud farm in Poland [35].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Stefan Lubomirski was the owner of the Warsaw Suburban Railway company, which created narrow-gauge railways: passenger and freight — Gruets, Yablonkov and Vilyanovskaya.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Railways were the only modern means of transport that allowed residents of the capital to reach factories located in the suburbs, and residents of the suburbs to the capital.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The lines built by Lubomirski also operated during the Second World War, supplying goods to the city controlled by the occupation authorities and employees to Warsaw offices and factories [36].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislaw Sebastian Lubomirski founded the Leviathan Central Association of Polish Industry, where he served as president since 1932.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The Association promoted ideas of industrial development — reducing taxes, paying social security benefits for workers and increasing state aid for industry.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Members of the organization found their place in parliament, the Senate, and were members of many governments of the II RP and other state institutions.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They had an extensive information base — they published three magazines “Economic Review”, “Courier Polsky” and “Telegram”.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The prince founded Warsaw Industrial Bank JSC, was President of the Commercial Bank in Warsaw, the Central Association of Polish Industry, the Association of Polish Banks, the Society of Polish Industrialists.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He devoted his life to the struggle for the independence of the Polish economy from the influence of the invaders, and after gaining independence from the influence of neighboring countries [37].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

World War II.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Armed struggle


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stefan Lubomirsky (1898—1948) was a member of the Western Union during the occupation.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was on the list for execution, but fled to Krakow, where he was hiding.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was arrested for maintaining a secret drug store for the Craiova Army and detained at Montelupic prison.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He barely escaped execution.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

When the invaders discovered the medicine warehouse, they set a date for the transportation of the whole family, which was supposed to go to the camp in Auschwitz [38].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Yevgeny Lyubomirsky (1895—1982) was arrested by the NKVD, sat on Lubyanka, where he met General Anders.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

During the general's long struggle, he was his adjutant.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He fought on his side throughout Europe, also near Monte Cassino.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He finally made it to the UK.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

39] He was a candidate for President of Poland in exile [39].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Jerome Lubomirsky at the age of 17 was killed during the action of repulsing Jan Bytnar, pseudonym “Red”, on Pavlyak.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The action took place on March 26, 1943.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

It was organized by a special Detachment of the Strike Groups of the “Gray Rows” and from it began the cooperation of the “Gray Rows” with the Army of Craiova in the framework of beating off prisoners and punishing the occupation prison authorities.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Jerzy Prince Ignatius Lubomirski (1882—1945) was very active in the local environment.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was an envoy to Vienna on the construction of a bridge on the San River.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

During the war, he helped the victims.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was arrested in 1944.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was arrested and tortured in Tarnobrzeg prison.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was killed by the Security Authorities as a member of the Craiova Army [40].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

During the war and after its end, the Lyubomirsky family was often persecuted and watched by the Gestapo and the NKVD.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The family's property was confiscated, and the princes were evicted from their family homes.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Our time


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The charitable traditions of the family are continued by its members, who created the Princes Lubomirsky Foundation (www.fundacjaksiazatlubomirskich.pl).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The organization supports the development of Polish art and science, develops medical and educational projects.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The scope of the organization's activities is very wide, from supporting green construction, financing scholarships for students, purchasing computer and medical equipment, to reconstruction especially valuable monuments of antiquity.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The President of the Foundation is Prince Jan Lubomirsky-Lanckoronski [41].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Representatives


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Sebastian Lubomirsky (c. 1539-1613) - the head of Sandomierz and Spis.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He received control of the salt factory from the king, and bought the town of Nowy Wisnic with 85 thousand zlotys earned from this fishery in 1593.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Two years later, he was awarded the title of Imperial Earl.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Stanislav Lyubomirsky (1583-1649) - the son of the previous one, the voivode Russian and Krakow, the owner of Wisnic and Yaroslav.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

After the death of Hetman Khotyn, he commanded the Poles in the Battle of Khotyn.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1647, Emperor Ferdinand III elevated it to the princely dignity of the Holy Roman Empire.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Yuri Lyubomirsky (1616-1667) - his son from marriage to Sofia Ostrozhskaya, niece of Prince Janusz, Grand Marshal Crown.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He became famous for his victories over the Swedes and Cossacks, ruined the estates of Transylvanian magnates in Transcarpathia that supported the Swedes.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1665, he rebelled against King Jan II Casimir and with his supporters paralyzed the activities of the Seimas (see Lubomirski's Rokosh).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Persecuted by the Queen and Chancellor of Prazhmovsky, Lyubomirsky was summoned to the Seimas and sentenced to death for failure to appear, after which he went to live out his life in the Habsburg lands, Breslau.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Joseph Karl Lyubomirsky (1661-1702) was the nephew of the previous one, also the great crown marshals.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In 1683 he married Theophile Ludwik, daughter of Dominik Zaslavsky and niece of Jan Sobieski.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Being the heir to the Ostrozhsky-Zaslavsky princes, she brought to the possession of Joseph Charles a huge Ostrog ordination.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

After the death of Joseph-Charles, due to the childlessness of his eldest daughter (married to the Palatinate Charles III Philip of the Neuburg branch of the Wittelsbach), the Ostroh ordination passed to the descendants of his youngest Marianna's daughters to Princes Sangushka-Lyubartovich.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Jerome Augustine Lubomirsky (d. 1706) - Grand Crown Marshal, Kastelian Krakow, the youngest son of Yuri Lyubomirsky.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

An ally of Jan Sobessky and one of the contenders for the throne after his death.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

His son Yuri Ignaty was married to Marianna Belinskaya, the favorite of August the Strong.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The residence of this branch of the family was the castle in Rzeszow.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislav Heracliy Lyubomirsky (1640-1702) - the elder brother of the previous one, the great crown marshal.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He wrote a number of historical, philosophical and theological works in Polish and Latin, most of which were printed after his death.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Its residence was Lancut Castle.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Jan Theodor Lubomirski (1683-1745) - the son of the previous one, Kastelian Krakow.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

After the death of Augustus the Strong, he joined the struggle for the Polish crown.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

After marrying the widow of an Irish horse breeder, he adopted her daughter (married to Earl of Estergazi) and son Casper, who served in the Russian army as a general.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The daughter of this Casper, a famous beauty, was married three times, to Pototsky, Valerian Zubov and Count Uvarov.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Stanislav Lubomirsky (1722-1783) - Grand Crown Marshal, nephew of the previous one, who inherited Lancut Castle from him and greatly contributed to its decoration, together with his wife Isabella, nee Czartoryska.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He had no male children, so Lancut, after his death, passed to his son-in-law, Potocki, for whose son a special Lancut ordination was established.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Frantisek Xavier Lubomirsky (1747-1819) was a cousin of the previous one, after his death became the eldest in the Lubomirsky family.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

After the partition of Poland, he entered the Russian service with the rank of Lieutenant General.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He was married to the great-niece of Kirill and Alexey Razumovsky, Maria Lvovna Naryshkina.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

From him comes the senior line of the current Lyubomirskys, whose representatives were mostly in Russian citizenship.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Alexander Lyubomirsky (1749-1808) - the younger brother of the previous one, Kastelian Kiev, after the partition of Poland - general of the French army.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

His wife Rosalia, née Hodkevich, was close to Queen Marie Antoinette and went under the guillotine with her at the age of 26.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Adolf Dygasinsky writes that her ghost appeared to him in Opol-Lubelsk.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Heinrich Lubomirsky (1777—1850) - nephew of the previous one, the founder of the Austrian branch of the family, was born in Rivne, died in Dresden.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Together with Joseph Maximilian Ossolinsky, he organized the Lubomirsky Museum in Lviv in 1832 - now it is the Lviv Scientific Library named after M.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

IN. Stefanik of NAS of Ukraine.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Yuri Heinrich Lyubomirsky (1817-1872) - the son of the previous one, the head of the Lviv Institute of Ossolinsky, a supporter of Pan-Slavism.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He lived with his family in Krakow, where his granddaughter Cecilia married Prince Gabriel of Sicilian, the nephew of King Francis II.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Prince Zdzislaw Lubomirski (1865—1943) was the great-grandson of Prince Frantisek Xavier, Mayor of Warsaw from 1916 to 1917, one of the three members of the Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Lubomirski family tree


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Notes


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Literature


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Lubomirski, das Fürstenhaus//Biographical Dictionary of the Austrian Empire (in German).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

References


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Category:Princes of Poland


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin (born September 12, 1963, Mitrofanovka, Voronezh Region) is the author of the book “Zhivaya Gazeta”, editor-in-chief of the magazine “Journalism and Media Market”, Secretary of the Union of Journalists Since 2008, Chairman of the Expert Council of the annual contest “10 Best Newspapers in Russia”, Candidate of Philology, laureate of the Golden Pen of Russia award.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Biography


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir Kasyutin was born in 1963 in the village of Mitrofanovka, Voronezh Region.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir's great-great-grandfather (in the 9th generation) is Captain-Commander Vitus Jonassen Bering [1].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Marat Bering, a teacher at the cadet school in Biysk, helped Vladimir restore his pedigree.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

It had a family tree compiled in the 1990s by archivist Elina Zavadskaya [2].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The great-great-grandfathers of Marat and Vladimir are paternal brothers Mikhail Antonovich Bering, great-grandson of the navigator [3].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Until 1918, Kasyutin's ancestors lived in the city of Krasnoufimsk, Perm province, then moved to Voronezh.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir's great-great-grandfather Pyotr Vladimirovich Von-Bering worked as the head of a training farm, and then director of the Krasnoufimsky Industrial School [4].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

After the war, when Voronezh was almost completely destroyed, Vladimir's great-grandmother Tatyana Petrovna Murdasova (von Behring), who worked in the press of the Urals, Bashkiria, as a military officer on the Polish front, in TASS, Voronezh newspaper Kommuna [5], was invited by a literary worker to the newspaper Kolkhoznoye Stroitelstvo, which at that time was published in Mitrofanovka.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

She knew how to describe the delights of rural life so colorfully that any of her fellow journalists was ready to immediately go on a business trip to a distant rural area [6].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 1976, the family moved to Krasnodar Krai.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir Kasyutin graduated from the Kuban Agricultural Institute with a degree in mechanical engineering.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

He worked as secretary of the Komsomol Committee of the collective farm, a master of a vocational school, a journalist [7].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

At the same time he professionally studied rock music


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

With his brother Boris Kasyutin, Anatoly Ukrainsky and other like-minded people, he created the Shtecht group.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

By the mid-1990s, the band became one of the most prominent in the South of Russia, together with Heavenly Chancellery, Doctor Krupov, No and Heroes of the Union [8].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The peak of the career of the Shtecht group occurred in 1993.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The musicians were invited to the Turkey indie music festival held in Orekhovo-Zuyevo, initiated by music critic and producer Alexander Kushnir [9].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The band took part in a big concert in Krasnodar, organized by the Yuzhnaya Volna creative association, where Boris Grebenshchikov and Andrey Misin also performed [10].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Subsequently, Kasyutin admitted that music helped him take his first steps in the profession of journalist (interview with Vladimir Kuzmin, Alexander Losev, Vladimir Mulyavin) [11], accustomed him to stubborn hard work aimed at results [12].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Kasyutin began his journalistic career in 1988, having passed a competition for the position of correspondent for the Stepnaya Nov newspaper (Starominsky District, Krasnodar Krai).


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The editor of the newspaper was Marina Savinova, who recently graduated from the Faculty of Journalism at Moscow University, who later headed the newspaper Znamya Truda in Timashevsk [13].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir Kasyutin rose to the rank of executive secretary and was transferred as editor-in-chief, first of the Avangard newspaper of the Krylov district, and then the Prizyv newspaper in the city of Krymsk and Krymsky district Krasnodar Krai.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

He participated in the opening and organization of the activities of the Starominsky Television, was elected to the Starominsky District Council [7].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2002, he underwent professional retraining in journalism at the Kuban State University.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

After graduating from the Presidential Program for Advanced Training of Management Personnel for the National Economy of the Russian Federation (Marketing Management) in 2003, getting acquainted with the experience of the publishing business Sweden, Norway, the USA, Germany, Poland, was one of the first in Russia to apply marketing methods in organizing the publication of a local newspaper [14] [15].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The leadership of several media outlets experiencing serious organizational and financial difficulties at a turning point for the Russian press (1990s and 2000s) helped him master the methods of anti-crisis management.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Energetic, resourceful, knowledgeable, keeping up with the times, he charged the entire team with his energy, thereby encouraging us to search for new ways and directions in our work [16].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2005, Vladimir Kasyutin was appointed head of the press service of the Krasnodar Krai Administration [17].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In addition to organizing the work of the press service, he served as the governor's speechwriter


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2006, he was invited to lead educational programs).


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

As part of the FRIP working group in 2007 and 2011, Vladimir Kasyutin participated in the preparation of two issues of the Atlas of the Municipal Press of the Russian Federation.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

For the first time in almost two decades, an array of information was collected about local newspapers in the country: their periodicity, volume, circulation and other parameters [18].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

According to Atlas, Kasyutin conducted a study that revealed the level of press development in different regions of the country and names the factors affecting this segment of the Russian media system [19] [20].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

However, not all regional journalists shared his conclusions [21].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

At the suggestion and development of Vladimir Kasyutin, the Information Policy Development Fund, in cooperation with the Federation Council and the All-Russian Congress of Municipalities, began holding an annual of the contest “Information Partnership: Power-Society-Media” [22].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The main idea of the contest is to gather journalists, heads of local self-government, deputies, press service employees on one platform for a joint discussion “how to build relationships between the authorities, residents and journalists in territories far from the capital's problems” [23].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The competition and the conference of the same name were held three times.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir Kasyutin cooperates with specialized educational institutions: IGUMO [24], Academy of Media Industry [25], Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University [26].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Actively working in the regions, he becomes “one of the main media coaches of the country” [27] [28].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2006-2017, he held more than 300 seminars and trainings in various areas of media activities in 80 constituent entities of the Russian Federation [29].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Kasyutin is a regular participant in media forums and journalistic festivals [30] [31], a jury member of professional competitions [32] [33].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Colleagues appreciate him for his lack of mentoring tone, unconventional thinking, advice based on personal experience [12] [34] [35].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

It analyzes the content and design of newspapers [36], the organization of audience feedback [37], distribution [38] and other aspects of editorial activity [39] [40], develops recommendations for their improvement [41] [42].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Despite the fact that there is a belief in the journalistic community that it is impossible to ensure the publication of the newspaper without subsidies from sponsors [43], Vladimir Kasyutin's skills are in demand — the regional press needs modernization [44] [45].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

After absorbing the information that the lecturer presents in an easy and accessible form, I can't work in the old fashioned way, I want to be different, write other texts and make live materials [46].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

When you listen to Kasyutin, you want to apply his ideas right away, they are so rational and understandable [47].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2009, at the request of Professor Dmitry Avraamov, the founder of scientific research and teaching professional ethics, Doctor of Philosophy, Vladimir Kasyutin headed the magazine “Journalism and media market”, published since 2003 by the Union of Journalists of Russia [48].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

This was the decision and a kind of testament of Avraamov, who posthumously received the title of “Legends of Russian Journalism” [49].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

At that time, experienced journalists Oleg Kuprin and Tamara Alexandrova, who had previously published the magazine Profession — Journalist with Dmitry Avraamov, worked in the editorial office.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2013, Mikhail Vyatkin, who worked as Vice President of the Information Policy Development Foundation, who is well aware of the specifics and personnel of the regional press, joined the editorial office, and the magazine gets a second wind [50] .


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Under the leadership of Vladimir Kasyutin, Journalism and the Media Market is becoming the main platform for the local press in Russia.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The magazine is authored by hundreds of regional journalists every year [51].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

When traveling around the country, Vladimir Kasyutin is persistently looking for those who are ready to share their professional developments with the corporation [52] [53].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Since 2014, the magazine has published materials from nominees and winners of creative competitions of the Union of Journalists of Russia, in which they talk about themselves and their work [54] [55].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

This periodical today, in fact, is the only source of relevant information for “district employees” [56].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Colleagues call Kasyutin “the leading Russian expert on city and regional newspapers” [57] [58] [59] [60].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

By the end of the 2000s, an unfavorable situation was again developing for the regional press [61].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Distribution problems, falling advertising sales, rising prices for printing services, and the expansion of the Internet lead to a decrease in the profitability of the publishing industry.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir Kasyutin, without rejecting the need for effective conduct of newspaper business [62] [63], consistently and actively advocates the creation of an understandable and transparent system of state support for the media, working on socially significant content [64] [65] [66] [67].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The state should systematically engage in the development of the press, and not support individual “favorites”.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The system of advanced training, exchange of experience, internships, grant and legal support — this is what Russian journalists need [68], -


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

he said, commenting on the legislative initiative to recognize as socially significant only those publications whose activities are aimed at fostering patriotism, promoting a healthy lifestyle and strengthening the institution of the family.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

When discussing the proposal to prohibit regional authorities from spending budget funds on media coverage of their work, he said that it is necessary to remove excessive PR of governors and try to preserve state support for the media, especially in sparsely populated areas [69].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

If we simply limit subsidies and limit state support, nothing better will happen in the country.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Those who talk about social topics at the very least today will rush into entertainment, service, and order.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Creating socially significant content is very expensive and less like a business, increasingly becoming a mission [70] [71].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

It is becoming increasingly difficult and dangerous for journalists to carry out this mission [72] [73].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Economic problems are only part of the obstacles to the press gaining freedom [74].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Kasyutin sees one of the main reasons for the lack of independence of the editorial policy of the Russian press in the traditional intolerance of the whole society, and not just individual representatives of business or government, others' opinion [75] [76].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Discussing the draft law on journalistic immunity at a press conference of RBC, he stressed:


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

As soon as a journalist begins to broadcast different points of view, both the journalist and the media face problems [77] [78].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir Kasyutin devoted a number of studies and articles to the problems of the Russian press [79] [80].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

They form the basis of his dissertation, which he defended in 2011 at the Institute for Advanced Training of Radio and Television Workers (Academy of Media Industry) (Moscow), receiving a PhD degree philological sciences.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The topic of the dissertation is Forms and methods of state regulation of the media (on the example of Russian regional publications).


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Kasyutin describes the existing model of the Russian press as “authoritarian-hybrid”, which manifests certain features of the libertarian model and the model of social responsibility, but still signs of authoritarian prevail [81].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

For the first time, the dissertation proposes system parameters reflecting the quality of the content of publications, which can be taken into account when allocating state subsidies.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

These include: the number and composition of newsmakers and experts involved; the number of readers' reports and responses of government officials to criticisms; the lack of regular targeted formation of a positive or negative image of any persons or organizations (expert opinions) and others [82].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Kasyutin developed a system to support the local press and proved that supporting independent and high-quality media and freedom of speech is a prospect that is useful for both the audience and the authorities [83].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The conclusions of Kasyutin's dissertation were taken as a basis for the development of the concept of the Union of Journalists of Russia “The fate of the regional press: problems of state support, privatization, interaction between the media and authorities adopted at the XV festival of the Union of Journalists of Russia “All Russia — 2011” on September 27, 2011 [84].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2014, Vladimir Kasyutin initiated the annual contest “10 Best Newspapers in Russia” [85].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

He and his colleagues managed to draw attention to the competition of representatives of both expert and journalistic workshops [86] [87].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The contest was founded by the Union of Journalists of Russia, the Alliance of Independent Regional Publishers, the Union of Publishers (GIPP), and the magazine Journalism and Media Market.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2017, more than 100 publications participated in the competition.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The presentation of the winners' experience becomes a bright event [88] [89].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2016-2018, Vladimir Kasyutin joined the Expert Council of Rospechat (Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications) for the selection of organizations receiving state support that produce, distribute and replicate socially significant projects in the field of print media, publish publications for people with disabilities [90].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2018, Vladimir Kasyutin was elected Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Entrepreneurship in the Field of Media Communications of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation [91].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 1990, Vladimir Kasyutin joined the Union of Journalists of the USSR.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2008, 2013, 2017, at the congresses of the Union of Journalists of Russia, he was elected secretary of this largest public organization in the country [92].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

He is entrusted with the publication of the magazine “Journalism and Media Market” and educational programs.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Kasyutin himself assessed his activities as follows when speaking at the XXI Congress of the Union of Journalists of Russia:


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The country has problems with both journalism and the media market.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Because the profession is wide open to everyone you meet.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Because people who call themselves professionals are often at odds with craft or ethics.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Because we are not focused on development, but on survival... We had neither the people nor the money to change anything.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

But we've changed it.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

At least for those who needed it [93].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Bibliography


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 1994, Vladimir Kasyutin's book “The Northern Gate of the Kuban”, dedicated to the history of the villages of Starominskaya and Kanelovskaya, was published and republished in 2005.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The book is used in schools as a textbook on the history of Kuban [94].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Vladimir Kasyutin is well known to journalists of the country as the author of the book Zhivaya Gazeta [95], which has become a desktop encyclopedia in regional editorial offices [96] [97] [98].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The book was first published in 2005 under the title “Newspaper of the City and District. Success Technologies” [99].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

This is a frank story about the successes and failures on the way of the editor of a Russian local newspaper, ironically presented, supported by a baggage of practical recommendations.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The printing ink on the book had not yet dried out, and it was already being pulled out of each other's hands by the participants of the journalistic festival where it was presented [100].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The main advantage of the book was the possibility of development and success of the municipal newspaper proved by Kasyutin in modern conditions,


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Semyon Gurevich, Professor of the Faculty of Journalism at Moscow State University, wrote in the review [101].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The value of Kasyutin's advice lies in the fact that they do not require serious material costs,


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

— says expert Evgenia Ivankova [102].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2006, the book was awarded the Prize of the Union of Journalists of Russia [103] and then, at the request of readers, was reprinted three more times (with corrections and additions).


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2007 — under the name “Newspaper of Success”, in 2008 and 2013 — “Zhivaya Gazeta” [14].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The fourth edition is supplemented with new parts: “Big News of Little People”, where the author analyzes the similarities and differences between the activities of the press in Russia and other countries, and “The Master of Someone Else's Craft”, a selection of his monthly columns in the Journalism and Media Market magazine.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The columns published by Kasyutin since 2009 under the heading “Editor's Diary”, in the Journalism and Media Market magazine [104] and the network go beyond journalistic problems, are ambiguous, sometimes provocative, and therefore, they often cause active discussions [105].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2008, Vladimir Kasyutin wrote three sections of the three-volume book “Effective Models of Regional and Municipal Press”, prepared by the Information Policy Development Fund commissioned by the Federal press and mass communications agencies [106].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2009-2018, Vladimir Kasyutin acted as an editor-compiler of books addressed to both professional journalists and editors, and those who are taking their first steps in the profession:


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

2009 — “Russian press from “A” to “Z”: the best texts of regional journalists about the profession published in the magazine “Journalism and Media Market” in 2003—2009.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The book is dedicated to Dmitry Avraamov [107].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

2014 — “Delivery from scratch. The experience of Russian newspapers”.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

On the creation of alternative press distribution channels [108].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

2015 — Special Projects. The experience of Russian newspapers”.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Review of public and business projects of regional media [109].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

2016 — How to keep the reader. The experience of Russian newspapers”.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

It is recommended as “a textbook to all those who are interested in learning the secrets of preserving the newspaper as the most important artifact in the information age” [110] [111].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

2017 — 300 Tips for Young Journalists of All Ages.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

This is not only a collection of practical and theoretical advice from masters of journalism, but also a kind of portrait of a modern Russian journalist [112].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Among the authors: Yasen Zassoursky, Vsevolod Bogdanov, Lev Novozhenov, Ruslan Grinberg, Leonid Shinkarev, Alexander Chumikov, Vladimir Tulupov, Dmitry Sokolov-Mitrich, Elena Vartanova, Ashot Dzhazoyan, Alexander Minkin, Boris Lozovsky, Vladimir Gubarev, Yuri Purgin, Boris Reznik, Albert Plutnik, Pavel Gutiontov, Alexey Polikovsky, Andrey Richter, Vladimir Baimetov, Valery Bezpyatykh, Semyon Vakhstein, Pavel Shishkin , Mikhail Vyatkin, Yuri Purgin, William Savelzon and others [113].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

2018 — Promotion. Case studies. Techniques. Practices”.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Concentrate the experience of Russian editorial offices in optimizing the visual and content models of the newspaper, interacting with the audience, selling circulation and advertising.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

The book uses materials from 80 authors published in the magazine “Journalism and Media Market” in 2016-2018 [114] [115].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Honors


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2004, Vladimir Kasyutin was awarded the title of Honored Journalist of Krasnodar Krai.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2006, Vladimir Kasyutin was awarded the Prize of the Union of Journalists of Russia “For a Book about Journalism and Journalists”.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2010, Vladimir Kasyutin was awarded the Honorary Badge “For Merit to the Journalistic Community”.


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2013, for his high professional skills and many years of fruitful work, he was awarded the Certificate of Honor of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation [116].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

In 2016, Vladimir Kasyutin was awarded the title of Golden Pen of Russia “For Supporting the Press of the Russian Province”, one of the most prestigious awards in Russian journalism [117] [118].


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

References


Question: Where was Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin born?

Vladimir Leonidovich Kasyutin

Notes


Question: When was the Hatch Slack cycle opened?

C4 photosynthesis

C4 photosynthesis


Question: When was the Hatch Slack cycle opened?

C4 photosynthesis

C4 photosynthesis, or the Hatch-Slack cycle, is a carbon sequestration pathway characteristic of higher plants, the first product of which is tetracarbon oxaloacetic acid, and not tricarbon 3- phosphoglyceric acid, as in most plants with conventional C3 photosynthesis.


Question: When was the Hatch Slack cycle opened?

C4 photosynthesis

At its core, C4 photosynthesis is a modification of conventional C3 photosynthesis and appeared in the process of evolution much later than the latter.


Question: When was the Hatch Slack cycle opened?

C4 photosynthesis

In the Hatch-Slack cycle, plants carry out primary carbon fixation in mesophyll cells through carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (FEP) with the participation of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (FEP- carboxylase).


Question: When was the Hatch Slack cycle opened?

C4 photosynthesis

The oxaloacetate formed as a result of the reaction is converted to malate or aspartate and in this form is transported to the cells of the conducting beam lining, where, as a result of decarboxylation, it is released CO2 entering the reduction pentose phosphate cycle [1].


Question: When was the Hatch Slack cycle opened?

C4 photosynthesis

In the Calvin cycle, C4 plants, like C3 plants, convert CO2 into triatomic sugar, which is used to synthesize sucrose.


Question: When was the Hatch Slack cycle opened?

C4 photosynthesis

The transport of CO2 from mesophyll cells to the lining cells in the form of intermediate fixation products makes it possible to significantly increase its concentration at the site of Rubisco's localization and thus significantly increase its effectiveness, avoiding an adverse reaction with oxygen and, as a result, completely getting rid of photorespiration.


Question: When was the Hatch Slack cycle opened?

C4 photosynthesis

Thanks to a more effective method of fixing CO2, there is no need to keep the stomata open all the time to ensure active gas exchange, which means that water losses during transpiration are reduced.


Question: When was the Hatch Slack cycle opened?

C4 photosynthesis

For this reason, C4 plants are able to grow in drier habitats, at high temperatures, under conditions of salinization and lack of CO2.