Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In the 2013 draft, the team selected one of the most promising players in the draft, attacking defender Ben McClemore, and Ray McCallum was selected as number 36 picks.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On July 5, Tyrick Evans, the 2009—10 NBA Rookie of the Year, was traded to the New Orleans Hornets and joined by Gravis Vazquez.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On July 15, Carl Landry, who had previously played for the team, signed a four-year contact worth 28 million.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

After an unsuccessful start to the season, the team's management decided to make another change in the roster and exchanged a group of players.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Rudy Gay, Quincy Acey and Aaron Graham moved to the team, while Patrick Patterson, Gravis Vazquez and Chuck Hayes were traded to the Toronto Raptors.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

[43] On November 26, Luke Mba A Mute was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves, replacing promising forward Derrick Williams [44].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The duo Demarcus Cousins and Rudy Gay, along with defender Isaiah Thomas, who has gained a foothold in the starting lineup, finished the 2013/14 season with excellent individual statistics — each players scored more than 20 points per game, and they also made more than 12 assists and 20 rebounds in total.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

However, good personal performance did not lead to a successful performance of the team.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The season ended without reaching the playoffs, the team won 28 victories and lost 54 matches.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On July 12, Isaiah Thomas announced his transfer to the Phoenix Suns camp [45].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

He was replaced by a three-year deal worth $16 million with Darren Collison in the summer of 2014.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In the 2014 draft, the team picked Canadian Nick Stauskas [47].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The choice was directly influenced by Vivek Ranadiv.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Free agent Omri Kaspi signed a contract with the team [48].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In the summer of 2014, Demarcus Cousins and Rudy Gay competed with the United States national basketball team in the 2014 FIBA World Cup.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In addition to them, Stephen Curry, James Harden, Andre Drummond, Kyrie Irving and others played in the team.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Demarcus Cousins played 9 games, scoring 9.8 points and 5.7 rebounds.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Rudy Gay also played 9 games, scoring 6 points and 3.7 rebounds per game.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

As a result, the US national basketball team won gold medals.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The starting five before the start of the 2014—15 season was Collison — McLemore — Gay — Thompson — Cousins.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Caspi, McCallum, Williams, Landry, Stauskas came out of the bench.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

However, all the changes did not produce the expected results.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The team won only 29 matches, losing 53.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On January 30, 2015, Demarcus Cousins was selected for the 2015 All-Star Game, replacing injured Kobe Bryant.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The last Sacramento Kings players to compete in the All-Star Game were Predrag Stojakovic and Brad Miller in 2004.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On February 12, 2015, Tyrone Corbyn was relieved of his duties and continued to work for the organization as a consultant at the head office [51].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In February 2015, the Sacramento Kings announced the signing of a four-year contract with George Carl, under which he will earn $15 million and take over as head coach of the team.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

[52] [53]


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In 2015, Sim Bhullar, the first Indian-born NBA player, played three games for the team [54] [55].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In addition, David Stockton, the son of famous basketball player John Stockton, who also made his debut in the NBA, played in the team.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In March, legendary player Vlade Divac was hired as President of Basketball Operations [57].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On August 31, he took the position of general manager of the team [58].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In July 2015, Nancy Lieberman joined the coaching staff of the team [59] [60].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

She became the second woman in NBA history as an assistant coach, after Becky Hammon at the San Antonio Spurs.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Former NBA player Predrag Stojakovic joined the team in August.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

He took the position of Director of Player Development [61].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Before the start of the 2015/16 season, the team changed the roster a lot.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On June 25, 2015, Willie Colie-Stein was selected as sixth overall in the NBA Draft, and on July 16, he signed a rookie contract with the team [63].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In addition, the team was joined by Rajon Rondo [64], who had a bad season at the Dallas Mavericks; Costa Koufos [64], well known to George Carl from playing for the Denver Nuggets; a free agent was signed by experienced veteran Caron Butler [65]; received a contract from Marco Belinelli.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

[64] In addition, Due Dukan [66], Seth Curry [66], James Anderson [67], who returned to the league after a season at Zalgiris, and Quincy Acey [66] joined the team.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Left the team: 2014 Draft Pick Nick Stauskas [68] and Carl Landry [6] to move to Philadelphia; Jason Thompson, who played seven seasons for the team, moved to the Golden State Warriors [69]; Derrick Williams moved to the New York Knicks [70]; Ray McCallum moved to the San Antonio Spurs [71].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

This season was unsuccessful again.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Although the team was in 8th place by the middle of the season, they failed to reach the playoffs.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

At the end of the season, George Carl was fired [72].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

David Jorger became the new coach [73].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In April, a new logo was unveiled [74].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

After the club moved to Sacramento in 1985, the Kings changed their logo for the third time.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Before the start of the season, there were changes on the coaching bridge, with David Jorger being appointed as the new head coach of the team, who signed a four-year contract with the Sacramento Kings on May 9, 2016.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

New players joined the team: Anthony Tolliver [76], Matt Barnes [77], Arron Afflalo [78] and Ty Lawson [79].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Also, this season was the first in the new arena - Golden 1 Center.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In the middle of the season, on February 20, long-term leader Demarcus Cousins exchanged for the New Orleans Pelicans.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In the opposite direction, Tyrick Evans, who had been with the team for 4 years, Buddy Hill and Langston Galloway [80], followed.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Matt Barnes was also dismissed from the team [81].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The results were more successful than in previous seasons.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

By March 2017, 25 matches had been won and 35 lost.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The team ranked 9th in the Western Conference.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Before the start of the 2017-2018 season, the team underwent major changes.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Veterans from other teams were signed: George Hill, Vince Carter, Zach Randolph, Garrett Temple.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

De'Aaron Fox, Justin Jackson, Harry Giles, Frank Mason were selected in the NBA draft.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Serbian legionnaire Bogdan Bogdanovic joined the team.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On February 8, there were changes in the roster: George Hill left the team as a result of a trilateral exchange and moved to the Cleveland Cavaliers [82] Iman Champert and Joe followed in the opposite direction Johnson from the Utah Jazz.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Three days later, the Kings expelled the former “jazzman” [83].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In addition, Georgios Papayannis, a Greek player, was dismissed [84].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Malachi Richardson also left the team in exchange for Bruno Caboclo [85].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Before the start of the season, Nemanja Bjelica and Marvin Bagley, who were selected in the NBA draft, joined the team.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Current roster


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Roster rotation in 2018/19 season


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Pos.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

StartReserveFar ReserveWilly Coli-Staincosta KufosGarry Gailstfnemanya BjelitzaMarvin Bagliscal Labissiezac Randolflfiman ChampertJustin Jacksontroy WilliamVenien Gabrielazbaddie HildBogdan BogdanovichBen McLemorrs De'Aaron FoxFrank MasonYogi Ferrell


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Players throughout history


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

see Sacramento Kings players


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Draft elections


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Leadership


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Home arenas


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In Rochester


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Edgerton Park Arena (1949—1954)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Rochester Community Thief Memorial (1955—1957)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

To Cincinnati


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Cincinnati Gardens (1957—1972)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

To Kansas City


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Municipal Auditorium (1972—1974)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Camper Arena (1974—1985)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In Omaha


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Omaha civic auditorium (1972—1978) (part)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

To Sacramento


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

ARCO Arena I (1985—1988)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Sleep Train Arena (1988—)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Golden 1 Center (since 2016)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

For 2018, the main arena is the Golden 1 Center.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Prior to that, the venue was another arena, the Sleep Train Arena, located in the northern part of the city.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

It was built in 1988.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The construction of the arena cost $40 million, making the Sleep Train Arena the cheapest of all arenas in the NBA [86].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Sleep Train Arena is also the smallest arena in the NBA in terms of size and capacity, with 17,317 seats [86] [87].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In addition, the WNBA Sacramento Monarchs (1997—2009) played at the arena.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On November 8, 2006, ARCO Arena was listed in the Guinness Book of Records for the loudest roar of the stands.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

During the game between the Sacramento Kings and the Detroit Pistons, the noise was 130 dB [88].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In October 2014, after the club was acquired by a group of investors led by Vivek Ranadiv, construction began on a new arena, Golden 1 Center, [89] which should was to replace the outdated Sleep Train Arena.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The new stadium was opened on September 30, 2016 and cost $556.6 million.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

[90] It is located in downtown Sacramento and has a capacity of 17,500 spectators at basketball games.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The project was developed by AECOM [91].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The arena will belong to the city of Sacramento.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The municipality will pay $223 million in the construction cost, and another $284 million will be invested by the club.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Logo, uniform, colors


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Rochester Royals (1945—1957)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Initially, the Rochester Royals logo was a blue and white shield with the word “Rochester” on the top and the word “Royals” on the white banner in the middle.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The home uniform was white with a horizontal inscription “Royals” on the chest.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The shorts wore a crown.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The guest uniform is dark blue with the horizontal inscription “Rochester” on the chest in white [93].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Cincinnati Royals (1957—1972)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

After moving to Cincinnati in 1957, the logo was changed.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The new one featured a basketball with a painted face and had a crown on its head with the inscription “Cincinnati Royals”.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Also, the name of the city “Cincinnati” was duplicated above the logo, and under it was the inscription “Royals”.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The home uniform was white with vertical red stripes on the chest and a vertical inscription in blue “Royals”, and the player's number was also placed on the chest, and the name was on the back.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The away uniform remained dark blue with white and red stripes and edging.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In 1971, there was another change in the emblem.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Now it was a red crown and a blue basketball put together.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Above the emblem was the inscription “Cincinnati”, and in the middle - “Royals”.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Kansas City Kings/Omaha Kings (1972—1985)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In 1972, the team moved to Kansas City and also played partially in Omaha.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The emblem was updated to include a red crown and a blue basketball joined together.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

From 1972 to 1975, “Kansas City/Omaha” was written under the emblem.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The inscription “Kings” appeared in the middle.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In 1975-1985, the inscription “Kansas City” moved to the top of the emblem, and “Omaha” disappeared altogether [94].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The home uniform remained white, with a number and a horizontal inscription “Kings” on the chest and had blue and red colors in their color.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The numbers and names of the players were placed on the back.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The away uniform turned dark blue, the numbers and name of the team were white and red.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Sacramento Kings (1985—)


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

After moving to Sacramento, the emblem has hardly changed.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

From 1985 to 1994, the emblem in the form of a red crown and a blue ball was still used, combined together.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Only the inscriptions have changed.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The name of the city “Sacramento” was placed above the emblem.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

There is an inscription “Kings” in the middle.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The home uniform remained white with blue and red colors in the image of the numbers and the name.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The exit uniform turned blue, with red and white inscriptions.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

For the first time in history, the names of the players were placed on the back at the bottom of


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In 1990, the shape changed slightly.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The guest uniform turned dark blue again, the home uniform remained white with red and blue splashes.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

“Purple and black”


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In 1994, the Sacramento Kings radically changed the color scheme of the emblem and shape.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The emblem is the inscriptions “Sacramento” and “Kings” in white on the purple banner.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

At the top is a gray crown, and at the bottom there are two spears with cup-shaped guards, between which there is a basketball.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The shape has also changed.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The home kit remained white, the number and the inscription “Kings” on the chest are purple.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Number and last name on the back.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Silver, black, purple and white elements are also included.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The guest uniform has become black with white and purple splashes [1].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In addition, an alternative version of the form was used from 1994 to 1997.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The kit consisted of a half purple, half black coloring book with two side stripes in the form of a checkerboard [1].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

From 1997 to 2001, the all-purple kit was an alternative form.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

From 2002 to 2008, an upgraded form kit of the previous generation was used.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The home set remains white, but it has purple stripes on the tank tops and shorts.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The exit kit turned purple with black stripes on the sides.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

An alternative set was gold with purple stripes (2005-2007).


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Since 2008, another modernization of the uniform has taken place.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Some elements have been reduced and removed.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The home uniform remained white, and the guest uniform was purple.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Since 2011, an alternative set has been introduced — black.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In the 2015—16 season, the team will use the updated 1985-1990 blue sets as retro uniforms. [95]


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Before the 2016/2017 season, the team rebranded and changed the look of the logo.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The updated version is a schematic representation of a ball with a crown at the top and the inscription “Sacramento Kings” in the center [96].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The new emblem is similar to the one used by the team between 1985 and 1994.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

There have also been some changes in uniforms.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Gray stripes have been added to the home and away uniforms of white and purple, respectively [97].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Team mascot


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Lev Slamson (English: Slamson the Lion) is the official mascot of the Sacramento Kings [98].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

It personifies a lion named after Samson, an Old Testament hero famous for his exploits in the fight against the Philistines.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

He lives at the Sleep Train Arena (behind the podium).


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

He was born in South Africa.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

It has been an official mascot since 1997.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Farm clubs


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The NBA Development League (English: The NBA Development League, or simply English: NBA D-League) is the official junior league of the NBA, consisting of farm clubs tied to major league clubs.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Since 2008, the Sacramento Kings farm club has been Reno Bighorns, which is based in Reno, Nevada [99].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The team's greatest achievement was the title of division champion in the 2010—11 season.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Commentators, media coverage


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The current commentators of the Sacramento Kings games are Jerry Reynolds and.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Each of them has been working for the Sacramento Kings system for more than 20 years [100].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Jerry Reynolds served as head coach of the Sacramento Kings in 1987 and from 1988 to 1989, and served as general manager at the Kings.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

He later worked as general manager of the WNBA's Sacramento Monarchs team.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In 2005, Jerry Reynolds wrote “Reynolds Remembers Tales from the Sacramento Kings”, in which he shared his 20 years of experience at the Kings.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

has been a commentator for Sacramento Kings matches since 1988.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

He also comments on the matches of the San Jose Sharks, Oakland Raiders and other sports teams.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

His most famous phrase is “If you don't like it, you don't like NBA basketball” (English: “If you don't like that you don't like NBA basketball”).


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Fans of the team call them: Grant and Jerry (English: “Grant and Jerry”) [100].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Kite Christensen is a reporter on the site [101].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

She returned to this position in the 2013—14 season.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

He is a former WNBA player.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

He also works as a commentator and analyst for ESPNU and ESPN.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

On ESPN, the Sacramento Kings is the commentator for the Sacramento Kings matches [102].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The games are broadcast by a radio network (KHTK Sports - 1140 AM), which is based in Sacramento, California [103].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

TV broadcasts are available on the channel — [104].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Financial condition and sponsors


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

According to Forbes magazine, the team's value in 2015 was $965 million, according to which the team was ranked 18th in the NBA [105].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The average ticket price for the match was $46, and ticket sales revenue amounted to $29 million [105].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Main sponsors: Wells Fargo, Comcast, Toyota.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Key confrontations


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

One of the key confrontations in the history of the team is the confrontation with the Los Angeles Lakers.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Two main periods can be noted.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The first was the period of the 1950s, when the Rochester Royals reached the playoffs and played against the Minneapolis Lakers for several seasons with different final results.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The leaders of that team were George Mikken, Vern Mikkelsen, G Pollard and others.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

As a result, between 1948 and 1954, the Minneapolis Lakers became five-time NBA champions (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954), the only team that managed to break hegemony was the Rochester Royals in 1951.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The next period of confrontation began in 1998, when the Sacramento Kings again began to claim the championship.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

For several seasons, the teams met in the playoffs.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The hardest match was in 2001/02, when the teams played all seven matches.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The Los Angeles Lakers won 4-3.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

This series is still controversial.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

According to many experts and analysts, the referees made rather controversial decisions, and in some moments simply sued the Los Angeles Lakers players [106].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The story of Maurice Stokes


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Maurice Stokes joined the team in 1955 and became one of the leaders on the court and statistics from the first season.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

At the end of 1957/58, the player suffered a concussion in one of the matches, then fell into a coma and was finally paralyzed, and doctors later diagnosed him with post-traumatic encephalopathy, which led to impaired brain function.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

This injury led to the end of his playing career.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The owners of the team terminated the contract with the player and decided to minimize assistance to Stokes and his family [107].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Teammate Jack Twyman filed a petition in court and a few months later achieved the status of guardian of Maurice.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

This made it possible for Twyman to take care of the player and treat him.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

In honor of him, the Twyman-Stokes Best Teammate Award was announced in the NBA in 2013 [108] [109].


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

After that, the franchise is totally unlucky.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

The team never became an NBA champion again, and some of the players won the title while in other teams: Oscar Robertson in 1971, Mitch Richmond in 2002, Nate Archibald in 1981, Predrag Stojakovic in 2011, Jerry Lucas in 1973, Jason Williams in 2006, Kenny Smith in 1994, et al.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Season stats


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Permanently Retained Numbers


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Basketball Hall of Fame members


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Players


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Bob Davis, 1970


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Bob Cozy, 1971


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Oscar Robertson, 1980


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Jerry Lucas, 1980


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Jack Twyman, 1983


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Al Kervey, 1985


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Bobby Wanzer, 1987


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Nate Archibald, 1991


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Arnie Riesen, 1998


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Maurice Stokes, 2004


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Ralph Sampson, 2012


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Sarunas Marciulionis, 2014


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Mitch Richmond, 2014


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Guy Rogers, 2014


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Joe Joe White, 2015


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Trainers


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

FIBA Hall of Fame


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Vlade Divac, 2010


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Sarunas Marciulionis, 2015


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Franchise leaders


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Current players are highlighted in bold.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

“Asterisk -*” denotes players who are associated with the team only after moving to Sacramento in 1985.


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Points scored (regular season) (as of 2015) [110]


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Other statistics (regular season) (as of 2015) [110]


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Individual awards


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

NBA Most Valuable Player


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Notes


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

References


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Category:NBA Clubs


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings

Category:Basketball teams in the United States


Question: When was the Sacramento Kings founded?

Sacramento Kings


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Norman expansion in Wales is a series of military-political operations of the kings of England and the Anglo-Norman barons in the late XI - early XIII centuries, aimed at subjugating the territory of Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Beginning immediately after the Norman conquest of England in 1066, Norman expansion in Wales continued with varying intensity for a century and a half.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

As a result, the Welsh kingdoms of Gwent, Morgannug and Briheiniog were liquidated, most of Wales was conquered, where the so-called “Welsh Mark” was created, and the classic forms of feudal social system.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Norman expansion of the late XI - XII centuries created the conditions for the final conquest of Wales by Edward I in the second half of the XIII century.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Wales before the Norman Conquest


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Features of the physical geography of Wales are the ruggedness of its territory by mountain ranges, where local residents could hide in the event of an external attack, the proximity and easy accessibility of Ireland, which ensures refuge and reinforcements to the Welsh, the lack of convenient routes between different regions of the country - were one of the most important obstacles to the conquest of Wales, first by the Anglo-Saxons and later Normans.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

On the other hand, these features also made it impossible for Wales to unite firmly under the rule of local dynasties.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Despite the strong desire for independence inherent in the Welsh in the early Middle Ages, Wales did not achieve national unity.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

This was also hampered by the peculiarities of the social and legal structure of Welsh society, in particular the custom in Welsh law of dividing inheritance between all children of the deceased, the absence the formed state apparatus, the lack of consolidation of the legal status and competencies of the ruler, as well as the decentralization of the socio-political system, the basic unit of which was kantrev.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

This led to constant internecine wars between different clans and families, frequent usurpation of the thrones of the Welsh kingdoms and instability of borders.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

After the death in 1063 of Gruffydd ap Liwelyn, the last ruler who managed to unite all the kingdoms of Wales under his rule and inflict a number of defeats on the Anglo-Saxon rulers in the east, the country again split into several state entities: the kingdoms of Gwynedd in the north, Powys in the center, Deheibart in the southwest and three small kingdoms in southeastern Wales: Morgannug, Briheiniog and Gwent.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The beginning of expansion (1067—1093)


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1066, England was conquered by the troops of Duke William the Conqueror of Normandy [2].


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The militarily weak Anglo-Saxon state was replaced by an aggressive feudal Anglo-Norman monarchy.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Although it is obvious that William had no intention of conquering the Welsh kingdoms, shortly after his coronation he began to strengthen the Anglo-Welsh border [3].


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The territory along its southern part was transferred to the county to William Fitz-Osbern, Earl of Hereford and close ally of King William, [4] who began to build a good system along the border with Wales fortified castles (Monmouth, Carisbrooke, Chepstow, Wigmore, Clifford) and the settlement of Norman knights in the border region.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

[5] In addition, the establishment of new trade burgs [sn 1] was actively encouraged to attract Anglo-Norman colonists to the border.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

These measures created the social and material basis for the subsequent offensive on the lands of Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1067, an uprising against Norman power broke out in the West English counties, supported by King Gwynedd and Powys Bledin ap Kinvin, but suppressed by 1070 [6] Shortly thereafter the first offensive of the Norman barons on Wales began.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

It is known that William Fitz-Osbern invaded Briheiniog and inflicted a decisive defeat on the Welsh troops.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The year of this expedition has not been accurately established, but it is obvious that no later than 1075 [cn 2], most of Gwent between the rivers Uaya and Asuka came under the control of the Normans.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Success on the southern border with Wales prompted William the Conqueror to create a stamp system in the northern and central part of the Anglo-Welsh border.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1071, the Chester Marks were created, and in 1075, the Shropshire Marks were special administrative units, the economic and administrative systems of which were subordinated to the task of organizing defense and attacks on the lands of Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Their rulers - the Counts of Chester and Shrewsbury - had significant capabilities to organize and provide their own military contingents and build border fortresses.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In addition, the King granted Mark rulers substantial autonomy in internal affairs, various privileges and freedoms, as well as large land holdings in other, richer parts of England, from where the Counts of Chester and Shrewsbury [sn 3] could draw funds and recruit soldiers for the war in Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

At the same time, in Wales itself in the 1070s, internal conflicts between the Welsh kingdoms intensified.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The war between Gwynedd and Morgannug on the one hand and Deheibart on the other culminated in 1081, when King Gwynedd was defeated and killed at the Battle of Minid Karn.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Normans took advantage of this struggle: already in 1072, the Norman Knights of the Chester Mark, led by Robert Rudland, began to advance deep into North Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1075, Robert had captured northeastern Wales as far as Conwy, and in 1081, capturing King Gruffydd ap Keenan, he subdued all of Gwynedd.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Fortified castles were built along the northern coast of Wales: Rudlan, Deganui, Bangor, Carnarvon.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

William the Conqueror recognized Robert Rudland as Senor of North Wales on the condition of paying a feudal rent of 40 pounds sterling.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

At the same time, Roger Montgomery's offensive on Powys unfolded, although much less successful.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The base of Norman expansion in this region was Montgomery Castle west of the border, from which the Normans raided Welsh lands up to Ceredigion and Dived.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In South Wales, after a period of border clashes, the situation stabilized in 1081, when William the Conqueror's troops marched along the south coast to St. Davids.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

There were no clashes with the Welsh: King Deheibart Rhys ap Teudur brought homage to the English monarch and recognized his suzerainty [cn 4].


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The agreement between William the Conqueror and Rice ap Teudur laid the basis for the future policy of the English kings towards the rulers of the Welsh principalities: content with the recognition of their supreme the authorities, the kings of England consolidated the status quo in Wales and, on the one hand, ensured the special status of certain Welsh rulers, and on the other hand, thus created a counterbalance to the too strengthened Norman barons of the borderland.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The situation changed after the death of William the Conqueror and the uprising of the Anglo-Norman barons in 1088, in which feudal lords of the Welsh border played an active role.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The weakening of royal power in the region was the impetus for the intensification of the offensive of the barons on the lands of Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

This was also facilitated by the resumption of internecine wars between Ris ap Teudur and neighboring Welsh rulers.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Already in 1088, Briheiniog was attacked by Bernard de Neufmarsh and over the following years, the ancient Welsh kingdom gradually ceased to exist.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

An attempt by Rhys ap Teudur in 1093 to expel the Normans from Briheiniog failed: the king of Deheybart was defeated and died.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

With his death, a power vacuum was created in South Wales, which was immediately taken advantage of by the Anglo-Norman feudal lords.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Briheiniog came into the possession of Bernard de Newmarche, who built Brecon Castle, which became the administrative and military center of the region.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Radnorshire was divided between Roger de Montgomery and Philippe de Braoz.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Morgannug was invaded by the troops of Robert Fitz-Hamon, who quickly conquered the Glamorgan Valley and founded Cardiff.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Glamorgan was reorganized on the model of the English counties, the Welsh were pushed back to the mountains.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Also in 1093, Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, embarked on a campaign to southwest Wales, conquered Ceredigion and Dived, and founded Pembroke Castle at the extreme southwestern tip of Wales, which became the center Normandy power in the region.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Welsh mark folding


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1094, most of Wales was under Norman control.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The conquered lands were distributed among the Anglo-Norman feudal lords.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Separate feudal possessions were formed, which were often under the rule of relatively small lords.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Such possessions included, in addition to lowland regions, where the classical feudal system was planted according to the Anglo-Norman model, and mountainous areas in which traditional Welsh orders were preserved, and the new ruler was content with the subordination of local leaders and the collection of rents.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The holdings in Wales were closely linked to the West English Counties (Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Gloucestershire), providing the material and human resources necessary to maintain Norman power in Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The feudal possessions in Wales and the border English counties formed a single territorial complex called the Welsh Mark, which was characterized by a paramilitary nature of the administration, its own judicial and legal system and the broader scope of powers of the feudal elite.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In this territory, royal orders were not directly applicable, barons enjoyed the right to build castles and establish cities freely, the judiciary for all matters except treason, was sent by local feudal lords, and there were other administrative and legal differences from other English counties.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The reason for the special status of the Welsh Mark for a long time was considered to be the granting of privileges and liberties to the barons by the king to encourage Anglo-Norman colonization, but a significant part modern historians [7] find the origins of these rights in the specific nature of the Norman conquest of Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

A feature of the Norman expansion in Wales was that the territory of Wales was conquered in parts, by country and commots, in contrast, for example, to the campaign to conquer England, aimed at” returning” the entire kingdom to its “legitimate” monarch.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

If the subordination of England was entirely directed by the king, the establishment of Norman power over Wales was the business of the barons of the border.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

By subordinating cantrev after cantrev, the barons, with the exception of a small number of regions (primarily Pembrokeshire and the Glamorgan Valley), did not destroy local law and local social order, but included them in the system of vassal relations [8].


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

As a result of the combination of the power of a feudal lord with the traditional prerogatives of the Welsh ruler inherited by the new owners of the land, the rights and freedoms of the Norman barons of Wales were much broader than that of feudal lords in other parts of England.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Church played a significant role in the Norman conquest of Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Part of the captured Welsh lands was transferred by the barons to church organizations in England and Normandy.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Daughter monasteries in Wales were founded by Battle Abbeys, Sherborne, Cistercian and other church orders.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Of particular importance was the monastery of Tintern (Dindirne), founded by the Cistercians on the banks of the Wye River in 1131, and (Hendy-Gwin-on-Taw) in west Carmarthenshire.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Welsh Church was reorganized according to the English model, and by 1135 all Welsh bishops were henchmen of the Archbishop of Canterbury.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Attempts by St. Davids to free himself from the rule of Canterbury in the middle of the XII century were unsuccessful.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The tactics of war among the Normans and Welsh


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In the struggle for the subordination of Wales, two military systems collided: the Norman and the Welsh.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The military tactics of the Normans, based on the experience of hostilities in Northern France and the conquest of England, consisted in capturing and retaining the strongholds of power.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The purpose of the seizures was primarily arable land - the main source of wealth in feudal society and the main food resource for the army.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Therefore, the core of the Normandy army was a well-trained cavalry, consisting of professional military knights, and the most important means of maintaining power in the captured region was the construction of castles.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Welsh society, whose economy was focused on pastoralism in hilly and mountainous areas, developed a different tactic of war.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Welsh military forces were a militia of local residents, poorly trained and organized, consisting almost exclusively of infantry and designed to conduct inter-clan wars, seizures cattle and predatory campaigns [cn 5].


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

As the Normans approached, the Welsh easily went to the mountains with their property, and then attack small units or wait for the retreat of the main army.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The destruction of arable land by the Normans caused minor damage to the Welsh, whose farm was mainly cattle breeding.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Normans did not have the opportunity to give a general battle.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, the Welsh could not oppose anything to the castles quickly built in the valleys and at the intersection of communication routes, which became the main means of Anglo-Norman control in the region.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In the long run, the castles ensured the retention of Norman conquests in Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1135, almost all the fertile plains and valleys of South and Middle Wales were captured by the Anglo-Norman barons, but the mountains and hills were still under the control of the Welsh, capable of crushing the Norman power in the valleys during mass uprisings, as shown by the uprising of 1094.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The uprising of 1094 and its consequences


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1094, Wales was seized by a massive Welsh uprising against Norman power.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

It began in North Wales, then under the control of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, and Hugh de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The leaders of the rebels were Kadugan ap Bledin, ruler of Powys, and Gruffydd ap Keenan, King of Gwynedd, who escaped from prison.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Normans were thrown behind Conwy, their castles in northwest Wales destroyed.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Princes Chronicle describes these events as follows:


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Under the threat of a complete collapse of Normandy power in Wales, King William II Rufus hastily returned from Normandy, but his expedition to Gwynedd in 1095 completely failed: the Welsh were approaching The British army with all their possessions went to the mountains, and the lack of provisions, the approach of winter and constant guerrilla attacks of local residents forced the troops of William II to withdraw from Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Similarly, the attempted invasion of Gwynedd in 1097 ended.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

More successful at first was the operation of the Earls of Chester and Shrewsbury in 1098.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

They managed to walk along the northern coast and push Kadugan and Gruffydd to the island of Anglesey.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, in the Menai Strait, the Normans were unexpectedly attacked by the Norwegian-Gaelic fleet of Magnus Golonogy: the Norman detachment was completely defeated, and Hugh de Montgomery was killed.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The 1098 campaign was the last serious attempt by the Anglo-Norman barons to establish control of Snowdonia and Anglesey: from that time until the middle of the 13th century, the advance of the Normans in North Wales and hostilities were limited to clashes in the region east of Conwy, in an area called the Four Cantrevas (Pervedvlad, or “middle land”).


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Although King Henry I undertook a major expedition to Gwynedd in 1114, with the offensive conducted in three columns from different directions, it only resulted in a homage from Gruffydd ap Keenan and consent to the payment of feudal rent to the King of England.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Moreover, Gwynedd soon managed to push its eastern border back to Kloyd.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

South Wales was also in rebellion in 1093.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Welsh fierce attacks on Norman possessions and castles led to the liberation of most of the region.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Only Pembrokeshire, defended by Gerald of Windsor, as well as Brecknokshire, Gwent and the Glamorgan Valley remained under the rule of the Norman barons.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The ancient Welsh kingdoms of Deheibart and Powys have been restored.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, in the last years of the XI century, the gradual recapture of land by the Normans began.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The fall of the Montgomery house in 1102 after the rebellion of Robert Bellemsky and the transfer of Shropshire under the direct control of the English king somewhat eased the pressure on Middle Wales, but replaced Montgomery in this part of the country came new Anglo-Norman surnames, primarily Mortimers, who from their base at Wigmore Castle began expansion towards Powys.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Norman advance was facilitated by the re-outbreak of civil strife among the Welsh princes of South Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

After the assassination of Kadugan ap Bledin in 1111, the power of Powys kingdom quickly began to decline.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Pembrokeshire, from which the Welsh were expelled, began to be actively populated by English and Flemish colonists [sn 6], and was reorganized like an English county with its own sheriff and judicial administrative system.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Anglicization of Pembrokeshire has reached such a level that the area became known as “Little England beyond Wales”.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Other areas returned under the control of the Normadians: in Ceredigion from 1110, and in lower Gwent since 1119, the Anglo-Norman house de Claire was established, and Henry de Beaumont was entrenched in Gower.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Anglo-Norman power continued to strengthen in Brecnokshire, inherited by Constable Mile of Gloucester, and Glamorgan, which became part of the vast possessions of Robert, the side son of King Henry I.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Normans did not seek to master the mountainous regions, focusing on holding valleys, for which several dozen more castles were built (Swansea, Cardigan, Aberystwyth, Carmarthen, etc.), and the system the management of the conquered lands was transformed on the model of Glamorgan and Pembrokeshire.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1135, the territory of South Wales had almost become an Anglo-Norman province, and the territories remaining under the control of the Welsh rulers had been reduced to several cantrevas.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Mid-12th Century Expansion and Its Collapse


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

On January 1, 1136, an uprising against the Anglo-Norman conquerors broke out again in South Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The impetus was the murder in Gwent of Richard de Claire, Earl of Hertford.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1137, Carmarthen was captured, then Llanstephan.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Soon, the Welsh expelled the Normans from Ceredigion and attacked castles and strongholds throughout Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The civil war that began in England between supporters of King Stephen and Empress Matilda did not allow organizing an effective rebuff to the rebels: the barons of the Welsh mark, mainly, supported Matilda, which made it impossible for the king's army to invade Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Soon, almost the entire territory of Wales, with the exception of Pembrokeshire and some border areas, was liberated from Normandy power.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

This success was consolidated by the fact that Gwynedd and Deheibart were led by talented and strong statesmen — Owain Gwynedd and Rhys ap Griffydd, respectively.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1154, they had managed to capture important Norman fortresses in the north (Mold and Rudlan) and south (Tenby and Aberavon).


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Only the stabilization of the domestic and foreign policy situation in England after the accession to the throne of Henry II made it possible to resume Norman expansion.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1157, the King invaded North Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The campaign was well organized: counting on a protracted war, Henry II formed a small but well-trained army, including Shropshire archers capable of pursuing the Welsh in hilly and mountainous terrain, enlisted the support of King Powys and provided the assistance of the fleet.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, the course of hostilities was unsuccessful for the British, the king himself barely escaped capture.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

As a result, peace was made: Owain Gwynedd brought homage to Henry II, handed over the hostages, and agreed to return the lands east of Kloyd to the British.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The following year, Henry II's troops attacked Deheibart and forced Rhys ap Gruffydd to abandon all his possessions, with the exception of the Grand Cantrev.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, Rees's resistance was not broken: over the following years, in the south-west of Wales there was an almost incessant war between the Welsh and the Anglo-Norman barons.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1163, Rhys ap Gruffydd was captured, but soon released, and in 1164 led a new uprising in South Wales, which was supported by Owain Gwynedd.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

To suppress it in 1165, Henry II formed a large army, which included mercenaries from Flanders, knights of the French possessions of the king, lightly armed infantry and a Scandinavian fleet Vikings from Dublin.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

But rainy weather, blurred roads, food shortages and the successful maneuvering of Owain Gwynedd's army recruited from all over Wales forced the British to retreat.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The failure of the expedition was the end of Henry II's attempts to subdue Wales, “the grave of his Welsh ambitions,” in the words of John Lloyd [9].


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Gwynedd and Deheibart retained their independence and even expanded their influence: Owain Gwynedd captured the Norman castles Basingwerk in 1166 and Rudlan in 1167, pushing the border to the mouth of Dee, and Rhys ap Griffydd completed the conquest of Ceredigion, taking Cardigan Castle in 1166, and then subordinated parts of Middle Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Consolidation period (late 12th — early 13th century)


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The failure of Henry II's attempts to subdue Wales by military means forced the English king to change his policy.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

This was also facilitated by the aggravation of internal problems, the complication of relations with France and, most importantly, the conquest of Ireland, initiated at the first stage by the major Anglo-Norman barons of Pembrokeshire ( Robert Fitz-Stefan, Maurice Fitz-Gerald and Richard de Claire).


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

On the one hand, their departure to Ireland eliminated the main opponents of Rhys ap Gruffydd in South Wales, and on the other hand, the success of these barons in Ireland caused the discontent of King Henry II, who feared excessive strengthening of aristocratic clans to the detriment of royal power.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Already in 1171, Henry II made a radical turn in policy towards Wales: instead of supporting the Anglo-Norman feudal lords, he went to rapprochement with the Welsh princes.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

A peace treaty was concluded between the King of England and Rice ap Gruffydd, which recognized the conquests of Rice in southwest Wales and his power over Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire, and the ruler of Deheibart, in turn, took an oath of allegiance to Henry II and undertook to pay feudal rent.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The following year, at a meeting between Henry II and Rhys ap Gruffydd in Laugharne, the latter was appointed Chief Justice (Justicar) of Wales, which probably implied certain judicial and administrative rights in against the Anglo-Norman barons of the Welsh Mark.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Over the following years, relations between England and Deheybart remained friendly, Rees visited the king several times, and his new castle in Cardigan became the political center of all of Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In turn, the ruler of Deheibart provided significant military support to Henry II during the uprising of the sons of the English king in 1173-1174.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Peaceful relations continued between England and the Kingdom of Gwynedd, weakened by the struggle for the throne after the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The death of Henry II in 1189 and the subsequent departure of his heir, King Richard the Lionheart, on a crusade signaled the resumption of the Anglo-Welsh confrontation.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Rhys ap Gruffydd, believing that he was not bound by any agreements with the new king, rebelled.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

He again attacked the possessions of the Anglo-Norman barons in southwestern Wales and captured the castles of St. Clears, Laugharne and Llanstephan.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Attempts by the British to conclude peace were unsuccessful.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Moreover, in 1196, Rhys ap Griffydd embarked on a campaign east, and taking Carmarthen, Colwyn, and Radnor, defeated Roger Mortimer's troops.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Although after the death of Rhys ap Gruffydd in 1197, an internecine war broke out between his sons, the position of the Welsh princes remained quite strong.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

At the end of the XII century, a significant part of the large Anglo-Norman families that controlled the Welsh Mark was suppressed, their possessions were inherited by barons, or lived in England and were not interested in continued expansion (for example, Glamorgan became the possession of Earl John, brother of the king, and the des Claire lands to William Marshall, Lord Marshal of England), or were divided between smaller surnames.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Only the positions of the Mortimers and Braoses, who became the largest barons of the brand, continued to strengthen.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Although the British took some measures to contain the advance of the Welsh (the expedition to lift the siege of Swansea in 1192 and the invasion of South Powys in 1198), they could not reverse the situation in Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Llywelyn ap Iorvert, the ruler of Gwynedd, took advantage of the weakening of the Norman onslaught, who managed to restore the unity of his kingdom and even capture Mold Castle in Flintshire in 1199.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

English King John Lackland, who himself owns significant lands in South Wales, tried to oppose Gwenynedd strengthened during the reign of Gwenwynwin Powys, but soon decided to go to an alliance with Llywelyn.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1201, a treaty was concluded under which Llywelyn ap Iorvert was recognized as the ruler of all of North Wales, in return for which he brought homage to the King of England.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Three years later, Llywelyn married King John's side daughter.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The alliance between England and Gwynedd was also expressed in joint operations in 1208 against Gwenwynwyn, as a result of which Powys was captured by Llywelyn.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In the same year, Llywelyn attacked Deheibart and occupied the northern part of Ceredigion.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, in 1210, a conflict broke out between Llywelyn and John the Landless.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Inspired by the success of his campaign to Ireland, the English king gathered a large army in Chester in 1211, joined by many Welsh princes, dissatisfied with the strengthening of Llywelyn, and moved to Gwynedd.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The British managed to capture Bangor and force Llywelyn to go to a humiliating peace: in addition to paying a huge tribute, the ruler of Gwynedd ceded the territory of the Four Cantrevas east of Conwy to England.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

This signaled the resumption of Anglo-Norman expansion in South Wales: in the same year, the British captured the northern part of Ceredigion, where they built the well-fortified Aberystwyth Castle.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The occupation of Ceredigion caused outrage among the Welsh princes, who defected to Llywelyn, and revived the national movement in Wales.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Plans for a new invasion of John the Landless failed due to the aggravation of the internal situation in England, where a conspiracy of barons was brewing.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1214, British troops suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Bouvin in France, and a rebellion between the barons against the king broke out in England.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Taking advantage of this, Llywelyn captured Deganui and Rudlan in 1213, and then joined the rebellious English barons and took Shrewsbury in 1215.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

On the side of Llywelyn was part of the Anglo-Norman feudal lords of the Welsh Mark, led by Reginald de Braoz, who occupied Abergavenny, Brecon, Radnor and Bilt, previously confiscated by the king from his my father.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Baron movement against King John ended with the defeat of the latter and the approval of the Magna Carta in 1215, which included the restoration of Welsh rights and freedoms, the return of held hostages and the provision that in resolving a lawsuit in Wales, the applicable law (Welsh law or Welsh Mark law) is determined by ownership of the land plot.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Llywelyn's victory was consolidated by his campaign to South Wales at the end of 1215, during which Carmarthen, Llanstephan, Kidwally and Cardigan were captured, Deheibart recognized the dominance of Gwynedd, and in possession only the Pembroke area remained in southwestern Guinea.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1218, the Treaty of Worcester was signed with the new King Henry III of England, which confirmed the conquests of Llywelyn.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Wales by the middle of the 13th century


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

By the 1220s, Wales had established a relative status quo between the Barons of the Mark and the Welsh.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

To a large extent, this stabilization was the work of Llywelyn ap Iorvert, who dominated Welsh Wales until 1240 and was nicknamed “The Great”.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

He was able to repel periodic attempts by certain English feudal lords to expand their possessions at the expense of Welsh lands, without provoking a massive invasion by the British army.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, the most important reason for establishing equilibrium in Wales was the rapprochement of Welsh society with Anglo-Norman society.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Norman feudal lords willingly married Welsh women from noble families, used Welsh law and exercised in relation to their Welsh subjects the amount of powers that developed in Welsh traditions.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

The influence of Welsh culture on the local feudal elite was also great.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

All this led to the formation of the so-called “Cumbro-Norman” socio-cultural community, which played a significant role in the history of England and Ireland.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

In turn, the Welsh princes adapted the Anglo-Norman feudal system of organizing power, actively erected Normandy type castles on the borders and strongholds of their possessions (Dolwydelan, Crickiet, etc.), the state institutions of Gwynedd and Deheibart gradually became closer to the English ones, and the centralization of the administration and the judicial system increased.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

A significant part of Welsh clans, primarily in the southeastern parts of the country, adopted English culture and assimilated into English society.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

On the other hand, it was the resistance to the invaders that strengthened Welsh culture proper and Welsh national identity, who managed to survive the conquest of Wales at the end of the XIII century and to survive to the present day.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, the measures of the Welsh rulers to adapt elements of the Anglo-Norman political system began to undermine the traditional way of life of Welsh society.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

There is a point of view [10] that it is the change in the balance of power in the Welsh part of Wales that is the establishment of a single center of power and the suppression of the independence of small Welsh princes and clan leaders at Llywelyn ap Iorvert and Llywelyn ap Griffydd, which eliminated the traditional political “chaos” in Wales — and ultimately led to the conquest of Wales by Edward I at the end of the 13th century.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

See also


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Norman Conquest of England


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Norman Conquest of Ireland


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Conquest of wales


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Anglo-Norman monarchy


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Welsh mark


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Notes


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Footnotes


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Sources


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Literature


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Edwards J.G. The Normans and The Welsh March//Proceedings of The British Academy.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

XLII.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

— 1956;


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Le Patourel J.P. The Norman Empire.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

— Oxford, 1976;


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Lloyd, JE A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

— London, 1911


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Poole, A.L. From Domesday Book to Magna Carta 1087—1216.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

— Oxford, 1956


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Morton AA History of England.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

— MOSCOW, 1950.


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Category:English history


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Category:Conquest of Wales


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Category:Norman Conquest of England


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Category:Anglo-Norman monarchy


Question: In what territory was the Welsh Mark created?

Norman expansion in Wales

Category:English Wars


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is an open international hockey league that unites clubs from Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, China, Latvia, Slovakia, Finland, which annually fight for the main league trophy — Gagarin Cup.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The KHL was formed in 2008 and initially consisted of 24 teams.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Since the 2018/19 season, 25 teams from 23 cities and seven countries have played in the league.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Initially, it was planned to increase the league to 32 hockey clubs, but now the KHL leadership, on the contrary, is reducing the number of teams.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

History


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Background


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

After the International Hockey League was disbanded in 1996, the best clubs in the CIS went to their national championships.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In October 2005, Vyacheslav Fetisov, head of the Federal Agency for Physical Culture and Sports, proposed a single league project for clubs in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Ukraine (and in the future — and Western Europe, and the countries of the Far East), now under the name of the Eurasian Hockey League (EAHL) [1].


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

A league that is independent of national federations, in particular the RIHF, and independent of the PHL (the organization that hosts the Russian Super League championship) [2].


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

And a league, primarily focused on the commercial model, like in the NHL.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Nine Russian clubs signed an agreement of intent.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The start of the new league was scheduled for the 2006-2007 season with 12 clubs in the first season, with the prospect of expanding to 20 or more clubs in subsequent seasons [3].


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

But the start of the project this season could not be implemented.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In the following 2007—2008 season, this idea was vigorously discussed [4], but it did not come to real action.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Finally, in February 2008, despite opposition from the RIHF, it was decided to launch a league originally called the Open Russian Hockey League (ORHL), which eventually received the name Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Alexander Medvedev became President of the KHL, and Vyacheslav Fetisov became Chairman of the Board of Directors.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

This project embodied almost all the ideas proposed for the EAHL league: the participation of initially CIS clubs, and then Western Europe; draft juniors; division into nominal divisions and conferences; salary ceiling ; personalized cup; strict infrastructure requirements for clubs; “long” best-of-4 playoff series [5].


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The only serious difference from the EAHL project was that it was originally planned to take selected Super League clubs to the EAHL, while the KHL included all clubs represented in the Super League.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Start


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The KHL was created on the basis of the Russian Hockey Super League and at that time included 24 clubs.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Of these, 21 clubs are from Russia, as well as one club from Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Unlike the Super League, the Kontinental Hockey League independently organizes the championship.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

According to a three-year contract with the RIHF, the Gagarin Cup winner also receives the title of champion of Russia, regardless of the club's nationality.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The first KHL championship was held in the 2008—09 season, which the organizers consider experimental.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

On September 2, 2008, the first goal in the history of the tournament was scored by 31-year-old hockey player of Dinamo Riga Alexander Nizhivy against Amur.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

On September 4, 2008, Metallurg Novokuznetsk player Alexander Shinkar scored his first hat-trick (against Dinamo Riga).


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

On April 12, 2009, the Ak Bars team from Kazan became the first winner of the Gagarin Cup and the KHL champion in the 2008/2009 season.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Expansion


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Since the 2009—10 season, other clubs have joined the league.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Avtomobilist from Yekaterinburg took the place of Khimik Voskresensk expelled from the Championship.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In 2010, Yugra, the champion of the Major League in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons, became a member of the KHL.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Due to financial problems, the League was forced to leave the club Lada.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

After merging with Dynamo Moscow, HC “MVD” was dissolved.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

On May 9, 2011, a special briefing was held in Bratislava, at which KHL President Alexander Medvedev officially announced his accession to the HC Lev league starting in the 2011/12 season.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In connection with the tragedy, the hockey club Lokomotiv refused to participate in the championship.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The club spent the 2011/12 season in the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In the 2012/2013 season, in addition to the resumption of participation of Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, Slovan Bratislava and Donbass from Donetsk, which played in the top league last season, entered the league.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Lev has moved from Poprad to Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, but it is not the successor of the Slovak club.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In the 2013/2014 season, two clubs joined the KHL: Admiral from Vladivostok and Croatian Medvescak.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In the 2014/2015 season, Lada Togliatti, Jokerit from Helsinki and Sochi Hockey Club joined the KHL [6].


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In the same season, Lev, Donbass and Spartak left the league.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In the 2015/2016 season, Spartak returned to the KHL, and Atlant left the league.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Kunlun Red Star joined the KHL in the 2016/2017 season.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In the 2017/2018 season, Medveschak and Metallurg Novokuznetsk left the KHL.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Lada and Yugra left the KHL in the 2018/2019 season


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

All-Star Game


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The Kontinental Hockey League All-Star Game has been held annually since 2009.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

First, the matches began to be held with the participation of teams that brought together the best foreign players and the best Russian players, the teams themselves were called YAGR-Team and Yashin-Team, by the names of their captains Jaromir Jagr and Alexey Yashin, respectively.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In the 2010-11 season, the format of the match was changed — “Team Yashin” was staffed with players representing the Western Conference, and “Team Jagr” - from Vostochnaya players.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The top scorer of the All-Star games is Sergey Mozyakin, who scored 30 points in 8 matches.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Redraft


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

An event that took place in the 2013/14 season aimed at forming a roster for the club from Vladivostok.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The club from Vladivostok had the right to choose one field player out of five represented from each KHL club, except foreign and Lokomotiv (Yaroslavl).


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

It was allowed to select up to seven foreign players, including no more than one goalkeeper [7].


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Junior Draft


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The KHL Junior Draft is an annual addition of the best Canadian, American and European juniors and older hockey players to their ranks by clubs.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The first amateur draft was held in 2009 at the KHL office, and later in 2011, the draft began to be held at the ice arenas of hockey clubs.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The KHL draft is held once a year, usually within two to three months after the end of the previous season.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

In 2015, it was renamed the KHL Junior Fair.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Players' union


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The KHL Players' Union is a union that brings together KHL players to represent them in the Kontinental Hockey League.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

The chairman of the KHL players' union is Andrei Nikolaevich Kovalenko (since April 12, 2008).


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Sports and Disciplinary Committee


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Valery Kamensky — Chairman


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Sergey Kozlov — Deputy


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Alexander Solntsev — Secretary


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Igor Tuzik is a member of SDK


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Mikhail Buturlin is a member of SDK


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Alexander Khavanov is a member of SDK


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Viktor Merkulov is a member of SDK


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Attendance


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

Below are the attendance tables for the regular KHL championships and separately the playoffs.


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

KHL management


Question: In what year was the Kontinental Hockey League founded?

Kontinental Hockey League

KHL management: [8]