Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

The most famous Oryol tram was built by the Kolomna Machine-Building Plant in 1912, or in 1922 on the model of 1912 [2].


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

In the period from 1922-1960 it was operated in Moscow, and from 1960-1978 — in Orel.


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

In 1978, the rare tram was transferred to the rank of service tram, but in 1982 it was written off and sent for restoration as a museum exhibit.


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

In 1985, after the announcement of the course for restructuring, in order to strengthen international relations, it was decided to send the F series car No. 106 to the existing tram museum in San Francisco, USA.


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

In 1985, the tram underwent a more thorough and accurate restoration.


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

In 1986, the car went on its own to the Orel freight railway station, where at the final stop 3 of route Pushkin Street, it arrived through the gate to the transport platform, from where it began its journey to San Francisco.


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

Arriving in the American city, the Oryol tram underwent a minor adaptation to the local line - wheeled bogies were changed, as San Francisco uses a narrow gauge of 1067 mm, and a drag current collector was replaced by a barbell.


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

On January 7, 1987, Soviet Consul General Valentin Kamenev solemnly handed over car No. 106 with the magnificent name “Tram Desire for Peace” to the then mayor of San Francisco Dayana Feinstein.


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

See also


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

Oryol trolleybus


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

Oryol bus


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

Notes


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

References


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

Literature


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

Tram


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

Category:Tram systems in Russia


Question: When was the first Oryol tram launched?

Oryol tram

Category:establishments in 1898


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born October 26, 1959) is President of Bolivia.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

By nationality Aymara, he is the first indigenous American to rule Bolivia in more than 400 years since the beginning of Spanish colonization.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Biography


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales was born into a poor peasant family.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

He recalled his childhood as follows: “The only thing in our house was a bag of corn. My mother used it to make us breakfast, lunch and dinner. On holidays, she would give us some jerky.”


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Rural teachers spoke of Morales as a capable student, but he never completed secondary education.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

His family moved to Oruro, from where he was drafted into military service.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In the army, Morales was a trumpeter in the regimental band.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In the early 1980s, he went to work in the Chapare mountainous region, which is known for coca plantations.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

After a while, he became the leader of the coca trade union.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In 1995, Evo Morales created the Movement for Socialism (Spanish: Movimiento al Socialismo) party, the Spanish acronym for which MAS means “more”.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

She successfully participated in the elections to the National Congress.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In the 2002 presidential election, Evo Morales took second place, which came as a surprise to traditional Bolivian parties.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

This and his indigenous background immediately made him a celebrity throughout Latin America.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales said that his success was partly due to the comments of the US ambassador to Bolivia directed against him, which, according to Morales, helped “awaken people's minds.”


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales was elected President of Bolivia on December 18, 2005.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

About 54 per cent of voters voted for him with a turnout of 84 per cent.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales took office on January 22, 2006.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

His success in the presidential election was facilitated by an anti-American election program and promises to nationalize the gas industry.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In addition, he promised voters, most of whom are peasants, to legalize coca cultivation.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Shortly after his election, he reformed the constitution, prohibiting the head of state from being elected twice in a row [1].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales's first term, as later established by the court, did not count, and he was able to be re-elected in 2014 [1].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Two and a half years later, on August 14, 2008, at the request of the opposition, a referendum was held to recall the president from office.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales won the support of 67 percent of voters and remained in office.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In December 2009, regular presidential elections were held.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Evo Morales won with 63% of the vote [2].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In 2014, he was re-elected due to a court decision that did not count his first term in office [1].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

On February 21, 2016, the country held a referendum on the possibility of Evo Morales to run for the fourth time in the 2019 elections [3] by lifting the restriction on being president for two consecutive terms.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

As a result of the vote, about 63% of voters voted against the lifting of the limit on the number of presidential terms [1].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Ideology


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales holds leftist political views and leads the Bolivian cocalero peasants (coca growers) movement who oppose the US government's attempts to destroy coca in a province in southeastern Bolivia.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Evo Morales said:


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Capitalism is humanity's worst enemy.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

It is what provokes uprisings like ours, a protest against the system, against the neoliberal model that is a representation of wild capitalism.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

If the whole world does not recognize this reality — that states do not provide even minimal health care, education and nutrition — then fundamental human rights will be violated every day.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Evo Morales also adheres to environmental principles regarding the conduct of the economy and sees the way out of the coming catastrophic climate shocks in the rational and deliberate use of resources :


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Humanity is faced with an alternative: to follow the capitalist path leading to death or to live in harmony with nature.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

We must make a choice: capitalism will die or Mother Earth will die.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Developed countries are plundering natural resources, poisoning rivers and lakes in search of maximum profit.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

He also stated:


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

... the organization's ideological principles, anti-imperialist and opposed to neoliberalism, are clear and unchanged, but its members have yet to translate them into reality.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales calls for the convening of a constitutional assembly to transform the country.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

He also proposes the creation of a new hydrocarbon law that would ensure that 50% of the revenue remained in Bolivia, although MAS expressed interest in the full nationalization of gas and oil production industry.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

As a result, Evo Morales chose a compromise path, supporting the nationalization of gas companies, but without abandoning international cooperation in the industry.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales described the promoted by the United States (FTAA) as an “agreement to legalize the colonization of the Americas.”


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Evo Morales admired native Guatemalan activist Rigoberta Menchu, as well as Fidel Castro.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales's stance on drugs can be summarized as “coca leaf is not a drug”.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

The chewing of coca leaves has always been traditional for the indigenous people (Aymara and Quechua), and these leaves are considered holy by them.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

The drug effect of coca leaves is less than that of the caffeine in coffee, and for many poor Bolivians, they are the only way to work all day, which for some of them may be fifteen or eighteen hours.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

The practice of indigenous people chewing coca leaves is more than a thousand years old and has never caused drug problems in their society.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Therefore, Evo Morales believes that the problem of cocaine should be addressed on the consumption side, and not by destroying coca plantations.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

There are many disagreements between the Evo Morales administration and the United States over drug laws and how the two countries cooperate, but officials nonetheless both countries expressed their desire to work against drug trafficking.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Sean McCormack of the US State Department confirmed support for Bolivia's anti-drug policy, and Morales said: “There will be no cocaine, there will be no drug trafficking, but there will be coca.”


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

He also said that the absence of coca would mean the absence of Quechua and Aymara, two indigenous groups in Bolivia.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

The future government of Evo Morales received congratulations and political support from most of the region's presidents and several European leaders.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Foreign policy


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Alleged assassination attempt on Evo Morales


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

On 17 April 2009, Bolivian media reported on the exposure and neutralization of a “terrorist group” that planned to physically kill President Morales and Vice President Alvaro García Liners.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

According to the official version, during a shootout between police and attackers at the Las Americas Hotel in Santa Cruz, three members of the terrorist group were killed and two were arrested.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Among the members of the group are Romanian, Hungarian, Irishman, Bolivian, and Colombian, which indicates the possibility of assassins involved in this regard.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales himself, who was in Venezuela that day, accused the right-wing opposition of attempting a coup d'état [5] [6] [7], and Vice President Liner called the members of the group “terrorists associated with fascist right-wing extremist ideology” [8].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

However, it later turned out that the dead were close ties with left-separatist circles from the Santa Cruz region [8] [9], and their leader, Bolivian of Hungarian origin, was a well-known international radical left extremist, who in the past studied at the Higher School of the KGB named after M.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Dzerzhinsky and collaborated with Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez [10] [8].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

The opposition conducted a parliamentary investigation, which found that there was no shootout at the hotel, and three suspects were killed during the night assault, most likely in sleep time [8].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

There was also evidence that those killed died from a single aimed shot, and not from several gunshot wounds, as previously alleged. [


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

The head of the Santa Cruz region said that the “attempt” was fabricated to distract the population from the attempted assassination of Julio Sandoval, a prominent opponent of Morales's policies [12]


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Former Attorney General Marcelo Souza, who later fled the country and was granted political refugee status in Brazil, claimed that the official results of the investigation were not true [ 13].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

This crime remains one of the most mysterious in modern Bolivian history.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Scandals


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In 2015, the opposition accused Evo Morales of corruption and abuse of power by facilitating the appointment of the mother of her child Gabriela Zapata to a high position in the Chinese company CAMC and the establishment of major contacts between this company and Bolivia [3].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In 2016, a video appeared in which Evo Morales watched a pornographic film on his gadget during a court hearing [14] [15].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Vienna Airport International Scandal


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

On July 3, 2013 Evo Morales's Dassault Falcon 900EX aircraft, tail number FAB 001, flew from Sheremetyevo to Lisbon.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

During the flight, France, Portugal, Italy, and Spain denied the aircraft flying through their airspace due to suspicions that former CIA officer Edward Snowden may be on board, thus exported from the transit zone of Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport [16] [17].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales's plane landed in Austria at Vienna Airport.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

After landing, an attempt was made to inspect the aircraft in violation of the Vienna Convention [18] [19].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Morales was held at Vienna Airport for almost 12 hours, and he called such an appeal by his European colleagues a historical mistake [20].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Snowden was not on board [21].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

On July 4, 2013, Morales's plane landed safely in La Paz [22].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In connection with this scandal, Morales demanded an apology from European countries.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Spain refused to apologize to Morales, [23] while the French authorities apologized to him for the incident. [


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In connection with the incident on July 5, an emergency summit of the UNASUR countries was held in Cochabamba (Bolivia), which was attended by 12 Latin American presidents [25].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

In a statement, UNASUR expressed indignation at the incident with Morales's plane, which jeopardized the safety of the head of Bolivia and his employees.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

UNASUR demanded that European states disclose the details of what happened [18].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

On July 8, a rally was held in Bolivia demanding the closure of the US Embassy [26].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

family


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

He is single and has never been officially married.


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

There is a child born out of wedlock with Gabriela Zapata [3].


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Notes


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

References


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Aleksandr Tarasov


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Immanuel Wallerstein


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Oleg Yasinsky


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Immanuel Wallerstein


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Category:People alphabetically


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Category:Current State Leaders


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Category:Bolivian revolutionaries


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Category: Bolivian trade unionists


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Category:Socialists


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Category:Presidents who took office in 2006


Question: Who is the President of Bolivia for 2019?

Evo Morales

Category: Knights of the Order of Augusto Cesar Sandino


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

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Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Images or details contained within this article may be graphic or other objectable to ensure a quality article and complete coverage of its subject matter.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

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Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal began on May 20, 2004 at a press conference by popular Russian singer Philip Kirkorov in Rostov-on-Don, when the singer insulted journalist Irina Mikhailovna Haroyan [1].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Kirkorov's phrase to Haroyan “I am annoyed by your pink blouse, your boobs and your microphone” has become widely known and even caused imitations.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The phraseology “Rose Coffe”, generated by the scandalous episode, has become one of the most commonly used designations for the incident itself and the events around it; it is also used as a generalizing designation of scandals with characters of the “tabloid press” [2].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The scandal itself is sometimes also called “Pink blouse, boobs and microphone”, “Kirkorov and the pink blouse”.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Metaphorically, various publications occasionally called one of the parties to the conflict (Irina Haroyan) a “pink blouse”, and also used the concept as a collective image of a journalist.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[3] [4]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The incident caused a significant public outcry, received the widest coverage in the media and led to the initiation of a criminal case against the singer and trial.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The conflict between the pop performer and the press was accompanied by the organization of a mass boycott of Philip Kirkorov by the press (the singer was also boycotted by some regional concert organizations).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The initiative of a civil action in solidarity with the Rostov journalist belonged to the Chelyabinsk TV and Radio Company Vostochny Express and was supported by the Union of Journalists of Russia, but it was not was supported by part of the capital's media.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Course of the incident


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In May 2004, at a joint press conference with Anastasia Stotskaya in Rostov-on-Don, Gazeta Dona journalist Irina Haroyan asked the question: “What is the reason for such a large number of remakes in your repertoire? Is it a lack of new melodies, new authors...?” .


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Kirkorov interrupted it, and then the following dialogue followed:


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: Can you please name the number of remakes in my repertoire, except “Oh, Mom, Ladies Chic” and “Viva la Diva”!?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

(When he notices that the camera is pointing at him, he deliberately goggles at the lens.)


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: Uh... Queen?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: What?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: “Queen”, what did you sing with the Turetsky Choir?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: So, explain that it was the Turetsky Choir.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

This concert had all the remakes.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Name at least one work in this concert that the Turetsky Choir sang as an independent one.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Did Baskov not sing remakes, performing Kalinka-Malinka or Murka and all that?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Do you think this is also a lack of repertoire, do you think?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: (interrupting Kirkorov) I did not say that...


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: And I think this is... (Haroyan interrupts Kirkorov, he has to repeat himself)... I think this is a thematic concert in which Queen was performed and Ba Mir Bistu Shane was performed too - the song is in Hebrew.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

You have indicated a number, a huge number of remakes, and I ask you to call it “a huge number”.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: I will not name it that right away, offhand...


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: Well, you are responsible for your words.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

I'll give you two remakes in my repertoire: “Oh Mom, Ladies Chic” and “Viva La Diva”, and now I'll give you a list of original songs that made me popular and for which I'm actually probably over these 20 years, people have already fallen in love and respect.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Well, should you start the list or do you need the number of remakes first...?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: Philip, I did not try to belittle your merits and merits...


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K. (interrupts): So please, please... (Haroyan interrupts him) Wait a second, you are responsible for your words, I will be responsible for mine.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

So let's start from the beginning.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Is Atlantis a song of its own?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Own song?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

That you're taking pictures of me, you listen!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Atlantis.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Next, “You, You, You” — whose song, who sang it?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Who performed “Heaven and Earth”?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Dana International?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Tarkan and Ricky Martin, huh?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Next, “My Bunny” — who?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

“Marina”, “I raise my glass”...


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: You are great...


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: Yes, I know I'm great!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Who's next?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Next, next, songs, remakes I'm waiting for in my repertoire... a performance... “Heaven and Earth”.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Let's move on, “I raise my glass”, “Marina”, “I'm not Rafael”.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Who sang it all — Sophia Loren, Tina Turner, Elton John, huh?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

That's it, I don't want to talk to you anymore, next question.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

I just don't like to talk to non-professionals, you know, when they say, “a lot of remakes”...


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Journalists tried to translate the topic to Stotskaya, and a woman correspondent from MTV asked her a question: “Nastya, what did you learn from Philip Kirkorov?”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Kirkorov interrupted again:


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: Remakes to do.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

(Haroyan keeps clicking the camera) I don't want you to take pictures of me!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

I'm tired of you.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

I'm annoyed by your pink blouse, your boobs and your microphone.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Yes.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

HUH?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: Do you mind that I write this way?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: HUH?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

I don't... I don't give a damn how you write as much as you do!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

I don't like about... non-professionals, non-professionals have nothing to do here.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Do you want me to leave here now?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

I won't leave... Well, I won't leave, because I respect your other colleagues.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

And you're leaving here!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: Why do you act like this?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: That's it, I took it and left here.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: Like you, I'm at work.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: Get up and leave!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: Do you think this is normal?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: Yes, I think it's fine, I got up and left here!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

You see, there are a lot of remakes for her... At the press conference, you have to come to the stars prepared, and not like you: yesterday at the alley, and today here, in the second row.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: “At the gateway” is...


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: That's it, goodbye!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A. Good bye!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K. (mimicking her southern dialect): Goodbye, yes!!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Gavarite first, yes... Learn to speak Russian first, yes... goodbye, that's it.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A.: And you will learn to behave decently!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Zvezda!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

K.: (rhyming) Yes... Pussy!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[11] [12]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Leaving the hall, Irina Haroyan said to Kirkorov: “You are just boor!”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

It happened in the presence of the press, and fragments of the scandalous press conference were published (the video was first distributed on the Internet; later the video was broadcast on a number of TV channels ).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The video became an Internet meme only some time after the scandal.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

When the journalist left the hall, she was captured by Kirkorov's bodyguards.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

They took away Haroyan's camera and voice recorder and disabled the equipment [13].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Trial


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Irina Haroyan, after an unsuccessful attempt to resolve the conflict in a pre-trial order (Philip Kirkorov did not consider himself guilty of anything and refused to apologize), filed a lawsuit at the end of June 2004 application to one of the courts of Rostov-on-Don [14] [15] [16].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A criminal case was opened against the singer under Article 130 of Part 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (“Insult”).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The court case involved the opinion of a specialist — head of the experimental lexicography department of the Institute of the Russian Language.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

IN. IN. Vinogradov RAS, Doctor of Philology, Professor A. N. Baranov, prepared on the initiative of Kirkorov's lawyers.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The conclusion particularly stated [17]:


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

“1. Insult as a speech act is necessarily directed at a specific person — the addressee of the insult. That is, the speech act of insult requires the use of appropriate indecent expressions directed (addressed) to a particular person. In addition, the speech act of insult implies that the speaker attributes a negative characteristic to the addressee (one or more).”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In the phrase (1) “F. Kirkorov: <... > I am annoyed by your pink blouse, your boobs and your microphone” I. Haroyan is not attributed any negative characteristics expressed in an indecent manner (see also answer to question No. 5).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In the phrase (2) “F. Kirkorov: Huh?! HUH? Yes, I... I don't care how you write... Just like you... I don't like laymen! Non-professionals have nothing to do here!” AND. Haroyan is attributed a negative characteristic — lack of professionalism, while using the word of the literary Russian language, which is not indecent.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Phrase (3) “I.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Haroyan (contemptuously): And you will learn to behave.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Zvezda.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

F. Kirkorov (rhyme): Yes... Pussy!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

” is ambiguous: this may be the attribution of I. Haroyan has a negative characteristic, and a language game.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Only the speaker can explain what he meant.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The idiom is crazy [18] (who-l. /what-l., someone) is used in the phrase: “Huh?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Yes, I... I don't care how you write... Just like you... “in the sense of “the speaker makes it clear to the addressee that he excludes what the addressee writes from his personal sphere”, that is, F. Kirkorov does not care what the journalist writes about him.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The continuation of the phrase “Just like you...” indicates that the speaker does not care about the journalist herself.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The phrase “Huh?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Yes, I... I don't care how you write... Just like you... “can't be considered as an insult, because it does not attribute any negatively assessed characteristics to the addressee.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The word “pussy” in the context of “I.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

`Star'”.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

F. Kirkorov (rhyme): “Yes... Pussy!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

“allows for different interpretations.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

With one understanding, I. Some characteristic is attributed to Haroyan in an indecent manner.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In the second sense, we are talking about a language game based on rhyme with the word “star” and mutual squabble.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Since the speech act of F. Kirkorov consists of one word and follows the particle “yes” used in the meaning of reaction-consent, it is impossible to establish from the context what exactly is meant - attributing a characteristic or language game with squabble.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

This is the case when the speaker can explain what was meant.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

“5. The word boobs in the context of “F. Kirkorov (addressing I. Haroyan): I don't want you to take pictures of me. I'm tired of you. I am annoyed by your pink blouse, your boobs and your microphone “from the point of view of style, it refers not to indecent, but to colloquial words.”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

“6. The interpretation of the DOORWAY metaphor as an insult is determined by metaphorical consequences. Since the context under consideration does not allow us to unambiguously determine these consequences, it is not possible to establish in what meaning the gateway metaphor is used. Therefore, this metaphor cannot be unequivocally considered as an insult to the addressee of this remark.”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The representative of the private prosecutor, lawyer Vladimir Lifshits challenged the conclusion as follows [19]:


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

— The main advantage of this document is the form on which it is written.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

There is the seal of the Academy of Sciences, but the conclusions themselves are pseudosci


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

They are built on sophisms — false conclusions that seem correct at first glance, but are based on a deliberate violation of the rules of logic.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Thus, the professor believes that the insult must necessarily contain a negative characteristic of the person to whom it is addressed.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

However, this is not the case.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The insult may or may not contain a negative assessment.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Is it possible to say that felt boots are shoes?


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Sure.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

But it cannot be said that all shoes are only felt boots.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

You can insult by spitting in the face of a person.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

This action does not contain any negative characteristics.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

We are all native speakers of the Russian language.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

We don't need to scientifically explain the meaning of the words “x”, “b”, “e” or “p”.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

It is clear to everyone that this is taboo vocabulary.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

To find out the meaning of the word “star” with the letter “p”, you just need to go to any alley and ask the first drunk you come across.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Despite the petition of Kirkorov's lawyers, the court refused to give the conclusion the status of an official linguistic examination, and it did not affect the verdict.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

On August 11, 2004, the Magistrate's Court of Rostov-on-Don found Kirkorov guilty under Part 2 of Article 130 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (insult in a public place) and imposed a fine of 60,000 rubles with payment in favor states.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The plaintiff's lawyer V. Livshits emphasized that Irina Haroyan deliberately did not make any material claims against the pop singer as compensation for non-pecuniary damage; for the injured party, sufficient compensation was the conviction of Kirkorov.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The official court ruling noted that “Kirkorov, being one of the most famous artists and role model for young people, deliberately and cynically insulted Irina Haroyan.”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Shortly thereafter, Kirkorov again insulted the journalist (correspondent of the Izvestia newspaper) using obscene language.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[15] [16] [20] [21] [22]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Public outcry


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The scandal had a negative impact on the popularity of Philip Kirkorov and his touring activities.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

A number of regional music radio stations of the FM band, as part of the announced boycott of the singer, excluded his songs from rotation on the air.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Some regional branches of the popular music channels Muz-TV and MTV Russia, supporting the boycott, also refused to show Kirkorov's video clips.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[23] [24]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

After the scandalous conference, the next day, musician Levon Atayan created a remix of “Kirkorov Mazzdie”.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The song was downloaded by more than 100,000 users in 2 days, and after that, musician Alexey Vishnya wrote a remix of “Million Against”, which were then included in Philip Kirkorov's concert program “The King remakes”.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

According to some reports, Philip Kirkorov Production offered Levon Atayan to make a joint album, after the musician refused, the company illegally released the album “Sam P... huh?! or Kirkorov MazzDie!!!”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In June 2004, the Internet newspaper Dni.ru organized an action “Million against Kirkorov” (“Say No to Kirkorov!”).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The organizers of the action announced their main task to collect one million signatures under the protest appeal.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Philip Kirkorov in connection with this initiative said that he was ready to give up the title of Honored Artist of the Russian Federation.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

As a result, the declared million signatures were not collected — the organizers stopped the project immediately after the court verdict, considering that the main goal was achieved — the perpetrator suffered a well-deserved public punishment.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

During the two months of the online protest, more than two hundred thousand signatures were collected [25] [26] [27].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The singer publicly did not agree with the court decision, but nevertheless did not appeal against it in accordance with the procedure established by law.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

After the court decision on the lawsuit of Irina Haroyan, Philip Kirkorov announced at the end of August 2004 that he was retiring from the stage and curtailing his touring activities [28].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Media reports noted that after the scandal until the end of 2004, the singer appeared only once at a social event in the capital (at the presentation of the band's album “Smash!!”) , and, unlike usual practice, did not perform at it.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In December 2004, during the recording of a concert on the occasion of the Golden Gramophone Award, the pop singer made a public apology in absentia to the journalist he offended (the concert was broadcast on early 2005).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

By this time, there was no talk of Kirkorov leaving the stage.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Irina Haroyan, commenting on Kirkorov's apology, said that this incident was completely settled for her.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

However, according to some media outlets, the apology was made in an ambiguous manner.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[27] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The attitude of the pop singer to the scandal at the press conference was not constant.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

At first, he denied any guilt on his part; during the trial and after the verdict, he justified himself by provoking him; regretted the incident, but claimed that he it is easier to work as a janitor than to apologize to Irina Haroyan (“I am ready to take revenge on the streets, lick the yards, but I will never apologize to this presumptuous journalist”).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In early 2005, his apology to the journalist was still heard on TV.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Finally, almost a year after the incident, Philip Kirkorov admitted in an interview with Ekho Moskvy radio station that, as a public figure, he had no right to make overly emotional statements [35] [36].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Nevertheless, the consequences of the scandal were felt on the career of a pop star in the first half of 2005 (to finally restore his previous position on the Russian stage, according to the Kommersant newspaper, the singer succeeded only by 2007).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Thus, under various pretexts, his joint concerts with Greek singer Sakis Ruvas, one of the winners of Eurovision 2004, were postponed - the producers of the event feared that under the influence of the scandal tickets will remain unsold.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The joint tour of Kirkorov and Anastasia Stotskaya in Minsk in February 2005 was on the verge of failure due to low demand for tickets.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The organizers of the concerts went on an unprecedented action, selling two tickets for the price of one.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Philip Kirkorov was forced to refuse concerts in Armenia in April 2005:30 youth organizations in Armenia (including the youth wing of the Dashnaktsutyun party), protesting against Kirkorov's rudeness in relation to Irina Haroyan, an Armenian by nationality, as well as noting his “pro-Turkish attitude”, appealed to the organizers of the event with a demand to cancel the singer's tour.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[32] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The Silver Galosh (award for the most dubious achievements in show business) put forward this case as one of the contenders in the nomination “Hazing, or Guard of the Year” with the wording” Philip Kirkorov — for inciting the Armenian-Bulgarian conflict on the territory of Rostov-on-Don, during which the word... “blouse” was repeatedly used.”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Izvestia called the incident at the press conference “the main scandal of the year”; Russian Newsweek magazine outlined Kirkorov's words at the press conference “I'm tired of you! I'm annoyed by your pink blouse, your boobs and your microphone!” as the phrase of the year.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Nezavisimaya Gazeta noted a record high number of searches for the word “scandal” in Russian search engines in June 2004, stressing that this is the largest Internet scandal in Russia.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[6] [42] [43]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Commenting on the wide public outcry caused by the scandal, Gazeta Dona editor Sergei Medvedev said:


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The weekly Novoye Vremya, analyzing the situation around the scandal in the context of the underdevelopment of fundamental political freedoms in Russia, noted:


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

According to writer Andrey Stolyarov, expressed on the pages of the magazine “Neva”, the conflict between Kirkorov and Haroyan should be interpreted in the context of opposing the Russian elite to the rest of society:” The neglect of the “elite” for the “common people” spills out here and there. For example, Philip Kirkorov... who did not like the journalist's question at the press conference, answered it with foul language. The scandal was huge. And what is the result? It's nothing. The singer paid a moderate fine and then used elements of this story in his performances” [44].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Many show business figures, artists, musicians, TV presenters found it necessary to express their attitude to the scandal.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

On June 25, 2004, Channel One aired Svetlana Sorokina's Basic Instinct program dedicated to the scandal.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In addition to the direct persons of the conflict, Joseph Kobzon, Alexander Rozenbaum, Daria Dontsova, Mikhail Barshchevsky, Arthur Gasparyan participated in the popular talk show, supporting the position in one way or another Philip Kirkorov in the conflict, as well as Dmitry Bykov, Daniil Dondurey, who defended the offended journalist, and others.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The discussion of the scandal live turned out to be emotional and, according to some media, marked the confrontation between the journalistic community and show business.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Svetlana Sorokina hosted the program in a pink blouse, which Philip Kirkorov did not fail to pay attention to.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Singer Alexander Novikov published in which he harshly condemned the behavior of Kirkorov, “singing from the screen about love for a woman in the highest style, and then left the screen, covering her with foul language and humiliating her in public.”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Novikov was the only famous stage worker who openly spoke on TV in defense of Irina Haroyan in the midst of the scandal.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[46] [47]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Songwriter Ilya Reznik, a person in Alla Pugacheva's inner circle, commenting on the scandal for a New York Russian - language radio station, noted that Kirkorov disgraced the entire musical and artistic workshop, allowing oneself incontinence.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

[48] In a later interview with Vesti Nedeli on Rossiya TV channel in September 2004, the songwriter said that all Kirkorov's problems that arose against the background of the scandal were purely psychological, and that he All you have to do is get your strength and apologize.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The singer himself did not agree with this opinion [28].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Armen Grigoryan, the leader of the Crematorium group, emphasized that the trial was a sign for “pop dirty artists” and a great victory for common sense.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Svyatoslav Belza, TV presenter and musicologist, drew attention to the fact that the verdict created a warning precedent, reminding that rudeness is punishable.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Yevgeny Khavtan, the leader of the Bravo group, considered the passing of a fair court verdict to be a positive content of the scandalous incident.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Alla Pugacheva, at that time the wife of Philip Kirkorov, did not express her attitude to the scandal and trial of her husband.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Her silence led some media outlets to regard the scandal as a planned PR campaign.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Scandal in the work of Philip Kirkorov


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The scandal found a peculiar reflection in the work of Philip Kirkorov.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In July 2004, his EP Sam P was released... Huh?!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

or Kirkorov MazzDie!!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

! [50].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The album is based on several remixes of popular songs by the pop artist, as well as the singer's phrases from the scandalous press conference based on musical accompaniment.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Some remixes were included in the album illegally, after which there were proceedings with musician Levon Atayan, who did not give Kirkorov and his company Philip Kirkorov Productions any rights to the publication of his remix “Kirkorov MazzDie”.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Simultaneously with the release of the album, the singer prepared a new show “King RemakeOFF” (after the title of the single included in the album).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

According to some media reports, the show program was of questionable quality.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Being presented at the festivals “New Wave” and “Slavianski Bazaar”, the concert show failed.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Raymond Pauls, commenting on the singer's new program, said: “It was absolutely past, it was a shame even to sit in the hall. I think this is a very strong mistake for him, which can have a negative impact on his entire career.”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

For the first time, the show featured the image of “pink blouses” haunting the singer [51].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The New Year's program “First Night with Oleg Menshikov”, which appeared on the air of NTV on the night of January 1, 2005, showed an unusual musical number “Who are you?” related to the scandal; Philip Kirkorov and “2va airplanes” were named the performers of the composition in the credits (the authors of the composition are members of the band).


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The scenery for the performer on the stage (someone in a mask disguised as Kirkorov) was numerous microphones suggesting a press conference, and the corps de ballet dancers with false “boobs” were dressed in pink blouses.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Probably, the singer himself was hiding under Kirkorov's guise (he shoots it in the final episode for a few seconds), and the masquerade was due to the fact that some NTV leaders who supported the boycott stated that No one else will see Kirkorov on the channel [34] [52] [53] [54].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Pop number “Who are you?” reappeared on television in 2005 in the April Fools' program “Benefit performance of Yuri Galtsev and Elena Vorobey”, shown by Channel One.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The idea of the act, this time solved in the genre of clowning, remained the same, but here Philip Kirkorov no longer hid his face.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The role of the main “pink blouse” went to Elena Vorobey, who during the performance Kirkorov “fed” scraps of newspapers.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Some publications reacted to Kirkorov's speech, calling it “vulgar” and “low-quality” [55] [56].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

According to the Kommersant newspaper, Kirkorov was able to finally restore his former position in show business only in 2007: in November 2007, a successful series took place at the Moscow Operetta Theater solo concerts of the singer — the artist's first solo performances in the capital after a long break of six years [23] [37].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In July 2010, Kirkorov gave a concert in Sochi in honor of the 35th anniversary of the song “Harlekino”, where he performed songs from Alla Pugacheva's repertoire


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Interesting facts


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Almost immediately after the scandal, a website appeared on the Internet with a list of melodies, songs and fragments of arrangements remade by Kirkorov.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

To date, the site contains a table with 78 comparative lines, supported by 89 audio fragments [57].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The site update has been discontinued since 2004.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Kirkorov's phrase “I'm annoyed by your pink blouse, your boobs and your microphone” was played by music critics on the eve of singer P's concert!


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

nk in Moscow in 2004: “We love her pink blouse, her boobs and her microphone.”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Variations on Kirkorov's scandalous statements were voiced in 2007 in Yakutsk.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

As reported by the Yakutsk Vecherny newspaper and other publications, Mayor Ilya Mikhalchuk said to his deputy Igor Treskov during the planning session: “You need to come to the mayor's meeting prepared. annoys your suit, your tie and your glasses! That's it, get up and get out of here! I got up and left!” [59] [60] [61].


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

In episode 16 of the series “Caution Zadov, or the Adventures of the Ensign”, the hero of Dmitry Nagiev played the phrase “Yes, dates! Learn to speak Russian first!” [62]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The Kefir KVN team (Nyagan) had a joke that used the phonogram of one of Kirkorov's phrases: “And the general sponsor of our performance is the Philip Kirkorov linguistic center. Philip Kirkorov Linguistic Center — “Learn to Speak Russian First! “” [63]


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

According to some critics of Russian show business, the scandal at the press conference with Kirkorov was planned, because, according to critics, “The author of the main remix Levon Atayan could not the next day already provide listeners with a ready-made remix and distribute interviews on Russian TV channels, and the newspaper “Dni.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Ru” could not organize an action against Kirkorov in a day.”


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

The scandal was dedicated to an episode of the satirical animated series Red Arrow, which aired on NTV.


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

See also


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Discography of Philip Kirkorov


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Notes


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

References


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Category:Scandals in Russia


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Category:Philip Kirkorov


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Category: 2004 in Russia


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Category:Crimes in Russia


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Category: May 2004


Question: How did the Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal end on May 20, 2004?

Kirkorov-Haroyan scandal

Category:Events on May 20


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Traditionally, the emergence of writing was associated with the activities of gods and cultural heroes (Tsang Jie), but in relevant mythologies, writing often acts as one of the functions of more wide range (eloquence, memory, logic, insight in legal proceedings, creation of a calendar: Tot, Nabu).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The dominance of the oral tradition that preceded the emergence of writing affected the absence of such a character in Greek mythology: on the contrary, in the image of Homer, the legendary creator of Greek epic, blindness is emphasized.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The main difficulty in creating a chronology is the coexistence of different dates (chronologies) of the same events, especially for the early stages of history.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Thus, a long chronology refers the first dynasty of Egypt to 5800 BC, and a short one to 3200. Moreover, some authors also add discord (see, for example, the dating of Paletka Narmer).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

It is especially problematic to compare the early dates of different civilizations.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Thus, the priority in creating the writing of the Sumerians or Egyptians is determined by those for whom a longer chronology will be used.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The period of proto-writing (pictography)


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

6th millennium BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

In 1962, during excavations of the Neolithic settlement of Jiahu on the Yellow River, inscriptions were discovered on the shells of turtles, resembling the oldest (3,500 BC) Bashkir hieroglyphs in outline.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

5500 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Tertarian inscriptions (Vinca script)


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

End of 4th millennium BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

In the Syro-Palestinian region, separate pictographic (that is, almost simultaneously with Mesopotamia) also appear [1].


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

4000—3000 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Maykop plate (hypothetical writing of Maykop culture).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Similar petroglyphs have been found in the territories of modern Abkhazia and historical Cherkessia.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Hypothesis about the ancient writing system of the Abkhazian-Adyghe peoples.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

3500 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Kish tablet is a stone tablet showing the first pictographic stage of cuneiform development, as well as the fact that Mesopotamia still uses pictography rather than real writing.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

3000—2750 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Sumer has an archaic stage in the development of cuneiform writing, the stage of pictography, when grammatical morphemes are not yet graphically expressed.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Texts from the archaeological layer of Uruk Iva.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The order of written signs does not always correspond to the order of reading.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Economic, legal, school texts.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The period of the present writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

3200 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The age of Paletka Narmer, which is a transitional stage from pictorial to hieroglyphic writing.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

3100 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Egyptian hieroglyphs are immediately in complete form.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Hieratic writing in Egypt.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

3000 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

In the north-western Indian subcontinent, on the basis of ideographic early Harappan writing, the oldest known alphabet appears - the consonant-syllabic “writing of the Indus Valley”.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Proto-Elamite letter.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

275 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The first real writing system in Sumer.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Its first stage is Old Sumerian (2750—2315 BC), the first stage of cuneiform writing.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

2500 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Kipu is from Caral (Peru).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

2400 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Cuneiform writing has become an ordered verbal and syllabic writing [2], that is, it reached the level of the original Egyptian script.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

2000 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Cuneiform is used to record the Akkadian language (Assyrian and Babylonian).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Sumerian language is used as the language of scholars.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Traces of writing in Olmec civilization (Central America).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

1800 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Cretan writing of original origin emerges.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Hammurabi Code (Babylon).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

1600 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Hittites and Luvians use Luvian hieroglyphic writing (deciphered in the beginning. XX century).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Bible letter (Phoenicia).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

1500 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Protosinai writing in the Middle East: 30 letters similar to Egyptian hieroglyphs are, according to some Semitologists, the oldest alphabet.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Protochanaanean script.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

1400 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

China: religious texts on turtle shells.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Ugaritic alphabet (Northern Syria): 30 letters in cuneiform script.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

1300 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Phoenician script: 22 consonants.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

1200 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

King Ahiram's sarcophagus in the Bible with the Phoenician alphabet.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Cretan script is finally falling out of use.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

1000 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Phoenician alphabet is distributed throughout the Mediterranean and Asia.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Hebrew, Aramaic and South Arabian scripts.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

800 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Introduction of vowels:


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Asia Minor alphabets (Carian, Lydian, Lycian, Sidets, etc.).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Greek writing.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

700 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Etruscan alphabet stands out from the Western version of the Greek alphabet.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Demotic writing in Egypt.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

600 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Hebrew square script.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

400 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Latin alphabet stands out from the Etruscan alphabet.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Greek script is spread thanks to the campaigns of Alexander the Great.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

300 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

There are two syllabic systems in India: Kharoshthi, which spread to Central Asia, and Brahmi, which gave birth to a number of syllabic scripts in Southeast Asia and Indonesia.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

200 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Rosetta Stone: Ptolemy's Decree V, written in Egyptian hieroglyphs, demotic script, and Greek.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Ancient Libyan script in North Africa, Tifinagh alphabet.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

100 BC


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Nabataean script (Petra).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Coptic script in Egypt.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The invention of paper in China.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Syriac script.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The appearance of a handwritten version (italics) in the Latin alphabet.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Latin uncial script.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Mayan steles in Central America.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The runic version of the Latin alphabet.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Sogd, Armenian (see History of the creation of the Armenian alphabet), Georgian writing.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Ethiopic Syllabics.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The first inscriptions are in Arabic.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Gaelic letter.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The emergence of Islam leads to standardization in Arabic writing, which, meanwhile, is spreading to the Middle East and North Africa.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Written sources in ancient Turkic.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Adaptation of Chinese writing in Japan.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Carolingian minuscule appears in France.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Persian language is beginning to use Arabic writing.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

In Asia, Uyghur comes from Aramaic script.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The emergence of Slavic scripts — Cyrillic and Glagolitic.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Carolingian minuscule is transformed into Gothic script.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The Turks borrow Arabic script.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Aztec script (Central America).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The revival of the Carolingian minuscule by humanists, the transformation of the latter into humanistic writing — modern “Latin letters”.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Korean Hangul Alphabet.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

By order of Peter I, a “civil font” is created — the modern Cyrillic alphabet.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Adaptation of the Latin alphabet to most languages of the world.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

In some cases, the Latin alphabet partially or completely replaces the previous scripts (Romanian, Turkish, a number of languages of the former USSR, Serbo-Croatian, Kurdish, Indonesian, Swahili).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

An unsuccessful attempt to romanize writing for the languages of the USSR (Yanalif, 1928—1940), repeated Romanization after the collapse of the USSR (1990s).


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

See also


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Notes


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Literature


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Gelb Ignace Jay.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The history of writing.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

From pictorial writing to a full-fledged alphabet/ Trans. from English.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

T. M. Shulikova.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— M.: ZAO “Tsentrpoligraf”, 2017.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— 288 p.: Il.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— “Entertaining Science” series.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— ISBN 978-5-9524-5270-1.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Doblhofer Ernst.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Signs and wonders.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

: Stories about how forgotten letters and languages were deciphered /Transl. with him.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

T. M. Bauer.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— M.: Eastern literature, 1963.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— 386 p.: Il.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— “Following the Footsteps of the Lost Cultures of the East” series.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Istrin V. AND. Writing development.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1961.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— 396 p.: Il.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Katsprzhak Ye.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

AND. The history of writing and books.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1955.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— 356 p.: Il.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Low cost Chestmir.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Writing development/Transl. from Czech.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

N. N. Sokolova.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— Moscow: Foreign Literature, 1950.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— 320 p.: Il.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The secrets of ancient writings.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Decryption problems.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Sat.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

art.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

/Trans. from English.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

, him.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

, fr.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

, ital.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Ed.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

AND. M. Dyakonova.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— M.: Progress, 1976.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— 592 p.: Il.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Friedrich Johannes.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Writing history/Transl. with him.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

AND. M. Dunaevskaya.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Vst.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

art.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

and comm.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

AND. M. Dyakonova.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— M.: Nauka, Chief Editorial Office of Oriental Literature, 1979.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

— 464 p.: Il.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Filmography


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

The History of Writing (English: The Written Word) is a popular science film shot in 2005.


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing


Question: Who Invented Swahili?

The history of writing

Category:Science Timeline


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The Last of Us (letters., officially published in Russia under the name “One of Us” [1]) is an action-adventure computer game with elements of survival horror and stealth action, developed by Naughty studio Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment exclusively for the PlayStation 3 console in 2013.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In 2014, an updated version of the game for PlayStation 4, The Last of Us Remastered, was released.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game is set in a post-apocalyptic future in the former United States of America, twenty years after the global pandemic caused by the dangerously mutated fungus Cordyceps.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

During the game, her characters, smuggler Joel and teenage girl Ellie, try to cross the continent, facing various dangers in deserted cities — bandits, cannibals and crazy zombie-like victims of Cordyceps.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game is characterized by high complexity and the need to act secretly - the player must avoid encounters with enemies as much as possible, acting discreetly and sparingly consuming ammunition.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game received the highest praise from critics and many Game of the Year awards from various publications.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

It was also a commercial success, selling more than 1.3 million copies in its first week, and by April 2018, the game had sold more than 17 million copies across all editions.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In addition to the game itself, Naughty Dog has also released several downloadable add-ons, including the story - The Last of Us: Left Behind.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In December 2016, a sequel game called The Last of Us Part II was announced.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Gameplay


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The Last of Us is a third-person action-adventure [2].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

For most of the game, the player controls one character, Joel, and Ellie and Joel's other companions are controlled by AI.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game is divided into extensive levels — such as a city block or an abandoned subway line — each of which is tasked with reaching a certain point by overcoming obstacles and destroying enemies encountered at the level or bypassing them unnoticed [3].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In one episode of the game, Winter, Ellie becomes the playable character [4].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

When colliding with opponents - which can be both victims of Cordyceps and hostile people - the game character can use firearms like a pistol or shotgun, a bow with arrows, as well as improvised edged weapons, such as pipe scraps or baseball bats.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Firearm ammunition is rare, which forces the player to use them sparingly.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game also allows the player to throw small objects like bricks and bottles to stun the enemy or distract their attention [5].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Special workbenches allow you to upgrade weapons if you have a certain number of parts.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The player can also create a consumable item from the materials collected along the way — a Molotov Cocktail, Knives, or a First Aid Kit.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Pills and medicinal plants allow you to increase your character's stats, such as increasing the number of health points or the speed of crafting items [6].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

While the player can engage opponents, in many cases it is more advantageous to go unnoticed in order to sneak up on an enemy or avoid them without a fight.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

A special “hearing mode” allows the game character to find opponents with the help of sensitive hearing and orienteering skills in space - the game in this mode displays the weak contours of enemies visible for the player even through walls and obstacles [7].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The dynamic cover system allows the player to move characters through levels from one cover to another without being seen by opponents [8].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game also contains peaceful episodes in which there are no opponents, at which time characters can, for example, talk to each other [9].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

From time to time, the game can offer the player simple puzzles - for example, transporting Ellie who does not know how to swim on a raft through a pond, or use stairs and movable garbage containers to find a way to get to an elevated place.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

During the game, the player can collect a variety of items — notes, maps and comics; items already collected can be viewed at any time through a special menu [10].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Artificial intelligence that controls opponents can behave differently depending on the situation: after detecting playable characters, enemies can call comrades for help or take cover; opponents can take advantage of the player's vulnerability and attack when the character runs out of ammunition or is distracted by something else.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Ellie and Joel's other companions can help him in battle by throwing bricks and bottles at the enemy, reporting hidden enemies from the player, using a knife and firearms to fight [11].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Multiplayer


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game has multiplayer, which is optional to play.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Before starting the game, the player chooses either the Hunter or the Cicada, after which his clan is automatically created.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The player's task is to live 12 weeks (84 days or battles [12]) feeding his clan by playing multiplayer [12].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

There are 3 modes in total: Raid, Survival, and Interrogation.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

“Raid” and “Survival” — 8 players split into two teams, killing the opposing team.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The Raid game will end if one of the teams resets the score and becomes the winner.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Survival differs from other modes in its lack of respawn, so the game will end if one team kills all members of the other team in 4 rounds [12].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

“Interrogation” — the team tries to find the opponent's safe by interrogating them.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The team that opens the safe faster in 15 minutes wins.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

As the game progresses, there will be periodic quests (such as “Kill 15 opponents” or “Execution 10 opponents”) that can be used to increase the number of your clan.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

But there will also be tasks in which the player's clan will be killed.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

If clan members die, you will have to start choosing a team again [12].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The plot


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The setting


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The main part of the game takes place 20 years after the global catastrophe, the pandemic caused by the mutated Cordyceps fungus.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

According to the plot of the game, Cordyceps, which enters the human body through inhalation of fungal spores, blood or saliva of an infected person, causes irreversible changes in the human body, causing the victim losing her mind and turning her into some sort of zombie.