Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Over the next three days, troops were given 40 shots per barrel and provisions for 8 days, and three divisions marched to Monterrey, leaving the sick in Serralvo under the protection of Mississippi companies.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Without serious resistance, by September 17, the Americans passed Papagallos and approached Marina.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor originally intended to go to Saltillo, but that day at Marina he realized that he had to take Monterrey first.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On the morning of September 19, vanguard units of his army approached Monterrey.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor currently had 3,080 regulars and 3,150 volunteers at his disposal, of which 1,350 were horsemen.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

There were four artillery batteries, two 24-pound howitzers, but there was only one 10-inch mortar from the siege weapons.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In front of Taylor was now a stone city with strong fortifications, the garrison of which was outnumbered by Taylor's army [10].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Battle of monterrey


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Since the city of Monterrey was covered from the north by the Citadel, Fort Taneria and other fortifications, it was decided to attack it from the west, where there were weaker fortifications of La Libertad and Independence Hill.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On the morning of September 20, General Worth's detachment of about 2,000 men began a march around the city.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Mexican cavalry attacked Worth's column several times, almost capturing it with the entire headquarters once, but artillery repulsed all attacks.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

By 18:00, Worth had walked 7 miles and stopped there, spending the night in a field without fires in a stormy wind and rain.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At 06:00, the column continued its march and almost reached the Monterrey-Saltillo road, and then was attacked by two hundred cavalrymen of Lieutenant Colonel Naher.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In a fierce battle, Naher's detachment was thrown back, and the infantry never came to his aid.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The Mexicans lost about 100 people, the Americans about 12.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At 8:45am, Worth left the Saltilla Road, the main supply line for the Mexican army in Monterrey [11].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At noon, Worth decided to attack the Federal Ridge, his detachment crossed the river and stormed the redoubt on the ridge, then Fort Soldado and another fortification.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

That same night, three companies of the 8th Infantry Regiment, reinforced by artillery dismounted companies and Texans led by Lieutenant Meade, attacked Independence Hill and took the advanced redoubt.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The only thing left was to take the episcopal palace, which was defended by 200 or 300 people.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Worth deployed a 5th Infantry Regiment and a 12-pound howitzer to strengthen the attackers.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The appearance of the howitzer forced the Mexican garrison to launch a counterattack, but it was repulsed and the Americans broke into the palace.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

By 04:00, the palace was taken [12].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Meanwhile, on September 21, Taylor noticed that the Mexicans were transferring forces to the western fortifications and decided to divert their attention.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

He advanced an army to the outskirts of the city from the north: the Twiggs Division on the left flank and the Butler Division on the right.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The earth fortifications of Monterrey did not seem serious (if he noticed them at all), so he did not use his mortar against them, but decided to take the city with a bayonet attack.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On his order, Garland (with the help of Major Mansfield) led Twiggs's division to storm.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

After passing a labyrinth of streets on the northern outskirts, the Americans reached the main line of Mexican fortifications and stopped here.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The Bragg battery was thrown to their aid, but it did not save the day and Garland ordered to retreat.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Due to a misunderstanding, three companies of the 4th Infantry attacked Fort Taneria and were repulsed with heavy losses.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Lieutenant Ulysses Grant was involved in this attack [13].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Then the Kitman Brigade attacked Fort Taneria: the 1st Mississippi Regiment of Davis and the 1st Tennessee Regiment of Campbell.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The defenders of the fort were on the verge of exhaustion, their ammunition was running out, their commander fled, so under attack they panicked and abandoned the fort.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At the same time, the main fortifications were attacked again - this time by the 1st Ogai Regiment, which was led personally by General Hamer.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

General Taylor, General Butler, as well as Joseph Hooker and Albert Johnston personally participated in the attack.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

This attack was again unsuccessful, but when Kitman's regiments took Taneria, the attack was repeated, and again to no avail.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At 17:00, Taylor withdrew the army back, leaving only the garrison at Fort Taneria [14].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At night, General Ampudia left the city's fortifications and concentrated his troops around Monterey's central square.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In the morning, Taylor began the offensive again, occupied abandoned fortifications and began to move towards the city center, but by the end of the day, the Americans began to run out of ammunition and were taken back again.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On September 23, Worth, who never received any instructions from Taylor, launched an offensive from the episcopal palace to the center and by night made his way almost to the city market.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

By this time, Ampudia had lost, according to the report, 29 officers and 338 privates, had sufficient supplies of food and ammunition, and his position near the central square was strong.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

But the soldiers were disappointed with Ampudia's passivity and many officers offered surrender.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On the morning of September 24, Ampudia invited Taylor to surrender the city and retreat, keeping weapons.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor responded by demanding an unconditional surrender.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

A special commission began negotiations and as a result, an agreement on surrender was signed.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Under the terms of the agreement, the Citadel surrendered immediately, and the army was given a week to leave the city with weapons and six field guns and retreat beyond the Rinconada Pass - Linares - San Fernando de Presas, and the Americans promise not to cross this line for eight weeks [15].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The Polk administration decided that Taylor had exceeded his authority by agreeing to such agreements, but Taylor and his supporters claimed that he had no choice.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

His army was reduced to 5,000 men, and the volunteer unit was so demoralized by the war that, according to Mead, it could no longer be relied on.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The senator argued that Taylor's position was too risky to storm the center of Monterrey, a retreat in case of failure could lead to the death of the army, so in this situation Taylor's decision to negotiations were reasonable [16].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The attack on Saltillo


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

After the capture of Monterrey, Taylor faced some difficulties: his army was reduced due to illness and desertion, as well as the fact that Texas militias returned home.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

There was nothing to replenish the army in the near future, and Taylor had only 12,000 at his disposal on October 15.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At the same time, Taylor's relations with the presidential administration became more complicated.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Many officers were unhappy with Taylor and offered to replace him with one of the brigadier generals in his army.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Scott stood up for Taylor on this issue and was able to prevent him from resigning.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At the same time, the government wanted to put pressure on Mexicans to force them to peace and for this purpose offered (September 22) to send Patterson's detachment to occupy some settlements in northern Mexico.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

This hampered Taylor's plans and he did everything he could to disrupt this expedition.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The administration was also unhappy with Taylor's truce, and on October 13, Taylor was ordered to stop it and continue the war more decisively to bring peace closer.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On November 5, Taylor notified Santa Anna that the truce had not been confirmed by the administration and hostilities could resume from November 15 [17].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The end of the truce allowed Taylor to occupy the town of Saltillo, the capital of the state of Coahuila.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

It was a strategically important town with 18,000 inhabitants, with large food reserves, located in the passage of the Sierra Madre mountains, and completely unprotected: after the fall of Monterrey, The Mexican army withdrew to San Luis de Potosi.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On November 8, General Worth was ordered to march on Saltillo on November 12 with a detachment of 1,000 men (the 5th and 8th Infantry Regiments, the Duncan Battery, and several other infantry companies).


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor decided to accompany the squad, taking with him two squadrons of the 2nd Dragoon Regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel May.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Worth's company marched along the left bank of the Santa Catarina River, past the village of the same name, then through the Rinconada Gorge to Los Muertos Farm, where Mexicans once began to build fortifications, but then abandoned them.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Meanwhile, on November 15, Saltillo elected a new governor of the state, who formally protested to Taylor on November 16.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor did not answer and on the same day his army entered Saltillo.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

After exploring the surrounding area, he returned to Monterrey on November 21, leaving Worth in charge of Saltillo [18].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

General Voula's campaign


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

One of the units that was supposed to invade Mexico was General John Woola's “Central Division”, stationed in San Antonio.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

It consisted of two dragoon regular squadrons, a regular artillery battery, three companies of the 6th Infantry Regiment, two Illinois regiments and Bissell, and a total of 3,400 men.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At Voula's headquarters, there was a detachment of military engineers, including Robert Lee and William Franklin.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Lieutenant Irwin McDowell served as Voula's adjutant.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On September 28, a detachment of 1,954 men departed from San Antonio.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

According to the campaign plan, Vul was to be subordinate to General Taylor and attack Chihuahua in a parallel course.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The offensive plan was hastily drawn up after the declaration of war and was poorly developed.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The nature of the area was unknown; it was not known whether Vul would be able to reach Chihuahua and whether it made practical sense; it was not known whether he would be able to advance south after the capture of Chihuahua.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Washington expected Voula to plan an offensive, and Vul expected specific orders from Washington [19] [20].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

After covering 164 miles (182 according to Wilcox) in 11 days, the company reached the Rio Grande River, which at this point had a width of 270 meters with a strong current.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Engineers began to build the bridge, while Vul drafted a proclamation to the Mexican population, promising to treat civilians humanely and not violate their rights.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On October 12, the bridge was completed and provided with bridge fortifications, and the detachment crossed to the right bank of the river.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

A Mexican parliamentarian came to Vul here and announced the Battle of Monterrey, the retreat of the Mexican army, and that a six-week truce had been signed on September 24.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Vul, however, decided that his march did not contradict the terms of the truce and notified the parliamentarians that he intended to continue.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Intelligence showed that there is no direct route to Chihuahua, and the only road leads south, to.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Heading in this direction, the company arrived in San Juan de Bautista, from there to San Juan de Nava, and on October 24 arrived in Santa Rosa.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On November 3, the detachment arrived in Monclova.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Vul believed that Monclova was the last point where he could attack without violating the truce, so he stopped in the city, waiting for the end of this truce [19] [21].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In Monclova, Vul realized that the journey to Chihuahua was too long and the city itself was of little value, so he decided to cancel the campaign and join Taylor's army.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

He also asked Taylor for permission to cut off communication with San Antonio and install a new one with Camargo.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On November 19, the Monterrey Truce expired, so Vul sent an advance detachment forward on the 18th, and received permission from Taylor that night to cut off communications and attack Parras, from where it could go to Monterrey or Saltillo or Chihuahua.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On 25 November, Vul left 250 men in Monclova to guard the warehouses, and with the rest of his forces marched to Parras, where he arrived on 5 December.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

By this time, the detachment had already traveled 587 kilometers through hostile territory without meeting resistance [19] [22].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Vul stood in Parras for two weeks, and on December 17 received an alarming message from General Worth: he reported that the Mexican army was advancing on Monterrey and Saltillo, and Vul urgently needed to connect with Worth Division.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

If the Mexicans are the first to cross the Encantada intersection, Wool will be cut off from Worth, so we need to move as fast as possible.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Vul marched in an accelerated march, covering 160 kilometers in 4 days, almost without stopping.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On December 21, the company arrived in Agua Nueva, 27 kilometers from Saltillo.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

It turned out that the report of the Mexican offensive was false.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Voula's detachment joined Worth's Division [19].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Hike to Chihuahua


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The decision to suspend the campaign


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

During the North Mexican campaign, the US army managed to take control of large areas, but the US government's expectation of a short war did not materialize.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Despite the defeats, Mexico did not negotiate, President Santa Anna and the Mexican press were determined to continue the war.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

America is faced with the prospect of waging a war of uncertain duration and tension.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Discontent gradually grew in America itself.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

British Ambassador to the United States Richard Pakenham reported to London that disappointment with the course of the war is growing noticeably every day.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

It became clear that there would be heavy costs and human casualties, and many doubted that the country would have enough economic and human resources for such a war.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In this situation, Taylor proposed simply to hold the occupied territory without concluding peace, especially since Mexico, in his opinion, does not have a stable government with which to negotiate.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

This view was shared by John Calhoun and Secretary of State James Buchanan.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

President Polk himself was inclined to such a strategy [23].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At the same time, this strategy was beneficial to Mexico and unprofitable for America.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The US army would have to hold a long front line at great expense, and the Mexican army could deliver concentrated strikes.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Contributions would not be possible, individual minor defeats would affect public opinion, and European states could monopolize trade with Mexico, and, in addition, America would become an occupier who holds territory without formal rights to it.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

President Polk understood the unacceptability of this strategy, but a decisive attack on Mexico to force peace seemed too dangerous to him [24].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Both the government and the press were aware of the need for a decisive offensive, but it was obvious that an offensive from the north, from the Rio Grande River to Mexico City, 800 miles of steppes and deserts, did not appear possible.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Very early, Veracruz had the idea of landing.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On July 4, 1846, Senator Benton proposed landing outside the range of Fort Ulua, storming the city from land, and attacking Mexico City from there.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Some suggested capturing Tampico instead of Veracruz.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

By the end of August, President Polk had decided to attack Veracruz.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

For two weeks, the presidential administration developed plans, and as a result, General Taylor was ordered to suspend operations in northern Mexico on October 22 [25].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The operation to capture Veracruz was entrusted to Winfield Scott, who was ready to begin the siege of Veracruz by 8 or even 5,000 people.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Some of the troops were supposed to be taken from Taylor, so Scott wrote him a letter on November 25 to explain the situation and avoid a possible conflict: “I must take most of your troops,” Scott wrote. “Your victories, however, have put you in a position that you can act defensively for a while, and I think you will be able to resume hostilities before spring” [26].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

He promised to meet Taylor for talks in Camargo, sailed from New York to New Orleans on November 30, from where he left for Brazos Island, where he arrived on December 27.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor, meanwhile, received his letter, but did not respond immediately and did not go to Camargo, but marched to Victoria to be as far away from Scott as possible.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On December 29, Scott went to Camargo, but did not find Taylor there, and therefore, on January 3, 1847, instructed General Butler to gather the necessary troops at the mouth of the Rio Grande River.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Despite all Scott's tactful letters, Taylor was furious about his decisions.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

He decided that Scott intrigued to achieve the post of commander-in-chief, promising Polk to deprive Taylor of a chance to win the presidential election.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

He said he was betrayed, left to die in Mexico, and blamed Polk and the President for everything.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Scott, meanwhile, returned to Brazos Island and began to prepare for the expedition.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

General Worth soon brought the first regular units, and on February 11, transports arrived from New Orleans.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On February 19, Scott arrived in Tampico, where parts of Patterson and Kitman came [27].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Meanwhile, General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna returned from exile to Mexico in the summer of 1846, took command of the army and went to northern Mexico.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

After leaving Mexico City, he learned of the fall of Monterrey.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On October 14, he arrived in San Luis de Potosi, removed General Ampudia from command and began recruiting an army [28].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In mid-January 1846, he got his hands on Scott's letter to General Taylor dated January 3, from which Santa Anna learned that most of Taylor's army was going to Veracruz, leaving only a small detachment volunteers.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor was far from reserves, among a hostile population, with an army scattered in separate positions, and Santa Anna decided that he had a good chance to risk a dangerous march across the desert [29].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On January 28, the Mexican army, numbering about 20,000 men, launched an offensive: wagons were the first to march, then the 1st Division marched on January 29, then the 2nd Division on January 30, and began March 3rd Division.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On February 2, San Luis left army headquarters.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

As early as December 24, the Mexican Congress declared him interim president of Mexico and the opposition accused him of slowness and inaction, so Santa Anna began the march even before the army was fully ready [28 ].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Mexican offensive


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On February 2, Taylor moved his headquarters from Monterrey to Saltillo, and on February 5 moved it further south to Agua Nueva.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Scott advised him to leave Saltillo, but Taylor believed that it was more profitable to take the fight with the Mexicans here.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

If they won, the enemy would have to retreat 300 miles across the desert.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

If they take the fight at Monterrey, the Mexicans will be able to retreat to Saltillo and from there continue to threaten American positions [30].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Meanwhile, on February 17, the advance division of the Mexican army (General Pacheco) approached and occupied Encarnacion.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On February 18, the Lambardini Division came, and on February 19 - the Ortega Division.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Torrejon and Hoover cavalry brigades came 20 and 21.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The march from St. Louis to Encarnacion greatly weakened the Mexican army.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

It rained from time to time, and the wind blew so cold for several days in a row that many soldiers died of hypothermia.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Desertion grew in the army and, in total, during the march, Santa Anna lost 4,000 people.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At the Encarnacion review, it was revealed that out of 18,000 people who actually performed from San Luis, only 14,000 reached Encarnacion.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The American command has already learned about the concentration of the Mexican army and sent a group of intelligence officers for more information.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In one such raid, Lieutenant Samuel Sturgis was captured [31].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

General Taylor discovered that his position at Agua Nueva was easily flanked, so at noon on February 21, he retreated 11 miles back to Buena Vista.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor entrusted General Woolu with command of the army at Buena Vista, and with an escort from May's Squadron and Davis's Mississippi Regiment, went to strengthen Saltillo.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Colonel Yell's Arkansas Cavalry Regiment was left in Agua Nueva to protect the exported property, and later Marshall and Steen squadrons were sent to help him.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor's retreat then caused a lot of questions and criticism.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

If the position was so bad, why did the army initially end up in it?


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The retreat tired the soldiers and lowered their morale.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In addition, Taylor left a well-studied position and forced the army to take the fight to another, completely unfamiliar to her.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In Agua Nueva, he could take the fight, forcing the Mexicans to fight at the very edge of the desert, but now he was losing this advantage [32].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On February 21, at 11:00am, the Mexican army left Encarnacion, hoping to catch the Americans by surprise at Agua Nueva.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Ampudia's Light Corps was ahead, then a sapper battalion, followed by a battery of three 16-pound guns, then a Pacheco division, then a battery of five 12-pound guns, a division, a battery of five 8-pound guns guns, Ortega's division, then wagons and cavalry.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Santa Anna was at the forefront.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Arriving in Agua Nueva on the morning of February 22, Mexicans found burned wagons and lots of destroyed food.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Everything said that the enemy was hurriedly retreating.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

News of the appearance of Mexicans in Agua Nueva reached General Vula at 08:00, and he decided to take the battle in the Agostura Gorge, and immediately sent two guns of the Washington battery there.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At 09:00, he sent all the other units of his army there [33].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Battle of buena vista


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Santa Anna decided not to waste time, so he took a cavalry detachment of 2500 people with him and rushed to pursue the retreating enemy.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

He soon discovered that the Americans had taken a position in the Angostura Gorge, across the road to Saltillo.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

They took it only recently and have not yet prepared for defense.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Justin Smith wrote that if Santa Anna immediately rushed to the attack, he had every chance to achieve a quick victory.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

But the position seemed too serious to him, and after reconnaissance, he decided to wait for the infantry.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

To buy time, he sent Taylor a parliamentarian at 11:00am with a proposal to surrender.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor refused [34].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At 15:00, General Ampudia's light infantry reached the dominant heights behind the left flank of the US army.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

A small exchange of fire followed, after which the heights were left to the Mexicans.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The shooting stopped after sunset.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On the morning of February 23, the infantry went on the offensive from the front, directly at the American guns that were standing on the Saltilla Road.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

This attack was repelled by artillery fire.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At the same time, Pacheco's infantry division attacked the left flank of the Americans and fled the 2nd Indiana Regiment.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

This retreat opened the flanks of other regiments and the Americans retreated, leaving two guns behind.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The entire left flank of Taylor's army collapsed and Mexican cavalry broke into the rear of the Americans.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The situation was critical.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

General Wool told Taylor that the fight was lost [35] [36].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The Mexican army took the enemy in a semicircle, and if Santa Anna launched a simultaneous attack, he had a chance of winning.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

But he attacked in separate directions, allowing Taylor to move units from place to place.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

General Ampudia's infantry was stopped by Jefferson Davis's Mississippi Regiment.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Torrejon's cavalry, which broke into the rear, was thrown back by units of Yell and Marshall.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The cavalry attack of the Davis regiment position was also repulsed.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At 16:00, the Mexicans launched the last attack: they pushed back three American regiments, which suffered heavy losses, and after their withdrawal, only one artillery battery remained in the way of the Mexican army.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At this critical moment of the battle, the Braxton Bragg battery appeared in the position and opened fire on the Mexicans with buckshot almost point-blank range.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The Mississippi Davis came to Bragg's aid and the Mexican offensive was stopped.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

At 17:00, the Mexican army retreated along the entire front [37] [38].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Guerrilla warfare


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Sporadic clashes with irregular Mexican units occurred throughout the campaign, but it was only after the Battle of Buena Vista that guerrilla warfare became more organized.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Even before the battle, Santa Anna sent General Urrea's cavalry detachment to attack wagons on the Monterrey-Camargo road.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Urrea joined General Canales's guerrillas and attacked a wagon train of 110 wagons and 300 mules near Ramos on February 22.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In a short exchange of fire, Urrea captured almost the entire wagon train and killed about 50 drovers.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

After that, Urrea attacked the American garrison in the town of Marin, but two companies of the 2nd Ogia Regiment (about 100 people under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Irwin) held back the Mexicans until February 25 and held out until the reinforcements approach.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

And with their arrival, Irwin went to Monterrey, and Colonel Morgan's detachment came to Marin.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Irwin and Morgan eventually united and repulsed Urrea's attacks, but the road was still blocked by the Mexicans [39].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Realizing the magnitude of the problem, Taylor organized a detachment of 250 men under the command of Major Giddings and sent him to Camargo with a wagon train of 150 wagons.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The company left Monterrey on March 5, and on March 7, Mexicans attacked him near Serralvo.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

They managed to destroy about 40 wagons and kill 17 Americans, but the rest of the wagon train was able to reach the Camargo.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor then sent Colonel Marshall's 1st Kentucky Cavalk north, and Marshall found the Urrea guerrillas near Marina.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor then sent a cavalry brigade, Bragg's battery, and Davis's Mississippi Regiment there, and personally led him to Marin.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

They failed to defeat Urrea, but the Mexicans were still unable to attack the wagons.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Urrea left the road alone and went with his cavalry to Saint-Louis de Potosi.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor decided to guard the wagons more carefully in the future and placed strong garrisons along the entire road [40].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

On April 4, Canales called on all Mexicans to raise arms against Americans, promising to treat anyone who refuses as traitors.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Guerrilla attacks increased and continued throughout the summer and autumn of 1847.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In early January, the guerrillas changed tactics.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

It became unprofitable to attack guarded wagons, and they switched to separate groups of military personnel in rural areas.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

As a result, General Vul, who was appointed military governor in Saltillo, took a number of measures to normalize the situation.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

He withdrew American garrisons from settlements and forbade them to rob under pain of disbanding the entire unit.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Taylor, on the other hand, blamed the attacks on local Mexican authorities and demanded compensation from them for the damage caused.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In addition, a special police force was formed from Mexicans, although it did not seriously affect the course of the guerrilla war [41].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

In November, Taylor resigned as commander, returned to the United States, and the army was led by General Vul.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Guerrilla warfare had almost ended by that time.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Vul in his report called this a consequence of the responsibility of local authorities, their financial responsibility for the damage caused and the actions of the local police [42].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The consequences


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The war with America led to a financial crisis, and the government of Gomez Farias decided to save the day by confiscating church property.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Supporters of the confiscation law argued that if the Americans won, there would be no religion or church property left in Mexico.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The law has been discussed in Congress since the beginning of January and was finally adopted on January 11.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

This led to riots on 11 January and 4 February, and four battalions rebelled in Mexico City on 27 February.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

They announced that Farias and Congress had lost confidence, while demanding the repeal of the January 11 law.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

There were shootings in Mexico City for about nine days.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The population did not support the rebels and the situation became a dead end.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Both sides of the conflict asked Santa Anna to intervene.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

He demanded that both sides stop the violence, personally arrived in Guadalupe Hidalgo on March 22, and triumphantly entered Mexico City on March 23 [43].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

The situation is extremely beneficial for Santa Anna.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

He was defeated in Northern Mexico and almost died with the entire army, but now he has the chance to become the savior of the nation and regain popularity and fame.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

It repealed the January 11 law, but the day before, the government had confiscated $20 million worth of church property [44].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

Meanwhile, on February 15, 1847, the Americans completed preparations for the capture of Veracruz, and General Winfield Scott departed from the Brazos River base in Tampico, where 6,000 soldiers were loaded on transports.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico Campaign

From there, Scott traveled to Lobos Island on February 20, where he arrived on February 21.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

On February 22, the day of the Battle of Buena Vista, George Washington's birthday was solemnly celebrated, and on February 25, soldiers and sailors were landed on the island.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

On March 3, the army and navy were finally ready, and on March 3, Scott went to Veracruz.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Scott's Mexican campaign began, which diverted Santa Anna's attention from the events in the north [45].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Grades


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Taylor's successful offensive and the fall of Monterrey gave the American government hope for a lucrative peace, but these hopes did not materialize.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Taylor's campaign was militarily successful, but did not produce any political results, and this forced the Polk administration to agree to an offensive through Veracruz, which eventually led to an end wars [46].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

When the attack through Veracruz was planned, Taylor was an obvious candidate for expedition commander (after Patterson), but the Polk administration came to the conclusion that he was not professional enough, and does not fit in the same way for personal qualities.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Taylor proved to be a charismatic leader and a great fighter, but did not show any talent as a commander.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

He did not trust the presidential administration, did not share plans and plans, and strongly protested against the decision to suspend the campaign in northern Mexico.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Justin Smith wrote that Taylor had lost all his former good-naturedness and sanity, became incredulous and suspicious.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

As a result, Winfield Scott was appointed to command the offensive on Mexico City through Veracruz [47].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

A campaign in the history of photography


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

In the 1840s, the first daguerreotypes (photographs) and the first photo studios began to appear in America.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

During Taylor's campaign, photographers first appeared in the army, then unofficial, who took the first photos of the army in combat conditions in history.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

These were photographs of soldiers and officers in Saltillo and, in particular, a photo of General Voula with his headquarters.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Voula's photo is recognized by some as the first war photograph in history [48] [49].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

In private letters from the military, there are many references to portrait photography in Saltillo in 1847.


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

On July 25, 1847, the captain painted to his wife that he had taken three of his portraits (Likeness).


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

On the same day, Major John Reynolds wrote to his wife that he had made his “daguerreotype” in Saltillo [50].


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Military daguerreotypes of 1847


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

General Vul in Saltillo


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

American volunteers in Saltillo


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Webster battalion in Saltillo


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Henry Clay's Tomb


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Notes


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

comments


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

References to sources


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Literature


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

External link in |title= (help)


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

References


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Category:Battles alphabetically


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Category: Battles of the United States


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Category: Battles involving Mexico


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Category:Battles in Mexico


Question: When did General Philip Carney's squad take over Santa Fe, Mexico?

North Mexico campaign

Category:Mexican-American War


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Necessary defense is the legitimate protection of the personality and rights of the defender and other persons, as well as the interests of society and the state protected by law from socially dangerous encroachment, by causing harm to the offending person.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The main distinguishing feature of necessary defense, distinguishing it from other circumstances that exclude the criminality of the act, is causing harm to the encroaching person.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The Institute of Necessary Defense has been known for a long time and exists in the criminal law of many states, but it continues to cause scientific disputes: hundreds of scientific studies are devoted to it, and relevant legislation is subject to change [1].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The nature of the right to necessary defense


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Some scholars believe that the right to self-defense is an inalienable right of every person, which follows from the “natural, inherent right to life of man from birth” [2].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Necessary defense in the criminal law of the world


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Rules on necessary defense are contained in the legislation of many countries of the world.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Thus, the Criminal Code of Poland contains a provision providing for exemption from liability for causing harm within the framework of necessary defense (§ 1 of Article 25).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In addition, limits of permissible defense are established (the method chosen for protection must correspond to the danger of encroachment) and establish rules for imposing punishment in case of exceeding these limits: the punishment is reduced and may not even be imposed at all (art. 25, § 2).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Exemption from punishment also occurs in cases where the excess of the limits of necessary defense was caused by fear or nervous excitement that was provoked by the encroachment (art. 25 § 3) [3 ].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

A similar approach to liability for exceeding the limits of necessary defense is provided for by the German Criminal Code: such excess due to confusion, fear or fear is not punishable (§ 33) [4].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

, establishing the limits of permissible defense, indicates that the method chosen to counter the encroachment must meet the test of “reasonable necessity”.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

It also provides for such a condition for the legality of defense as its unprovoking by the defender himself (paragraph 4 of Article 21) [4].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The Criminal Code of France allows lawful harm when repelling an illegal encroachment on the defender or third parties, provided that the means used for protection correspond to “seriousness attacks” (Articles 122-5); including specifically stipulating the possibility of committing such actions (except for premeditated murder) to protect property from encroachment, if necessary, and according to the risk of encroachment.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The conditions for the legality of necessary defense against various categories of criminal encroachments are established by Articles 122-6 and 122-7 [4].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Necessary defense in the criminal law of Russia


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

It is not a crime to harm an encroaching person in a state of necessary defense, that is, when protecting the personality and rights of the defender or other persons protected by law, the interests of society or states from socially dangerous encroachment.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Damage caused during the necessary defense is not subject to compensation in civil law (Part 2 of Article 1066 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The conditions for legality and the limits of necessary defense are regulated by Resolution No. 19 of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2012 “On the application by courts of legislation on necessary defense and causing harm when apprehending a person who has committed a crime.”


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

An encroachment against which defense is possible


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Defense is possible only against illegal actions committed by another person.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Actions aimed at protecting against danger posed by animals or forces of nature are seen as an extreme necessity, and not as a necessary defense.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The encroachment can be directed both against the defending person himself and against third parties, the interests of the state and society, which are protected by criminal law.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The encroachment must contain objective signs of a crime, defense against other offenses is impossible [5].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

If the attack is carried out by a group of persons, harm can be caused to any member of the group, regardless of how active his behavior was.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The necessary defense against lawful actions is impossible, which include causing harm in situations where the criminality of the act is excluded: with the necessary defense, the detention of a person who committed crime of extreme necessity [6].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Defense against a socially dangerous encroachment is possible regardless of whether the person committing it can be held criminally liable.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Thus, it is possible to defend against the actions of minors and insane persons.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Scientific studies indicate that in cases of defense against the actions of such persons, one should strive to reduce the harm caused to them, but the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not contain such a requirement [6].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The encroachment must be valid, that is, it must be objectively socially dangerous.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

If the defender mistakenly considers the encroachment to be socially dangerous, although it is not, there is an imaginary defense.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The encroachment must be cash, that is, by the time the defense begins, it must begin, but it will not end yet.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The beginning of the encroachment is associated not only with the moment of the actual beginning of the implementation of harmful actions, but also with the presence of a real threat of committing such actions when the offending person is ready proceed to the commission of the corresponding act.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The state of necessary defense occurs not only when the defense is carried out directly in the process of encroachment, but also when the beginning of the real implementation of the attack is so it is obvious and inevitable that the failure to take preventive measures puts in clear, immediate and imminent danger the person who is forced to take these measures [7].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The state of necessary defense can also be caused by a socially dangerous encroachment that is of a continuing or continuing nature (for example, unlawful deprivation of liberty, hostage-taking, torture, etc.). ).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The right to necessary defense in these cases remains until the end of such an encroachment.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

It is impossible to defend against preparatory actions, since there is no immediate threat of harm in this case.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In this situation, to protect against encroachment, it is necessary to appeal to law enforcement agencies [8].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In the event of committing acts provided for by the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in which the legal and actual moments of the end of the encroachment do not coincide, the right to the defense is maintained until the actual end of the encroachment.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The encroachment ends when the person committing it has achieved his goal (causing harm) or voluntarily stopped carrying out actions aimed at its implementation, or if the encroachment has been suppressed or prevented.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The state of necessary defense may occur, among other things, in cases when:


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

the defense followed directly after the act of the encroachment, albeit completed, but on the basis of the circumstances, the moment of its end was not clear to the defender and the person mistakenly believed that the encroachment continues;


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

the socially dangerous encroachment did not stop, and it was obvious to the defender only suspended by the encroaching person in order to create the most favorable environment for the continuation of encroachment or for other reasons.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The transfer of weapons or other items used as weapons in the encroachment from the encroaching person to the defending person cannot in itself indicate the end of the encroachment if taking into account the intensity of the attack, the number of assailants, their age, gender, physical development and other circumstances, there was a real threat that such an attack would continue.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In such cases, depending on the specific circumstances of the case, harm to the encroaching person may be assessed according to the rules of Article 38 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation or the defending person is subject to liability on general grounds.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In order to correctly legally assess such actions, the courts, taking into account all the circumstances of the case, must find out whether they were committed by the defending person in a state of sudden strong mental excitement (affect) caused by a socially dangerous encroachment.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Criminal law does not limit the range of encroachments from which defense is possible, although in the theory of criminal law, the possibility of causing harm when encroaching on many objects is questioned ( such as personal honor and dignity).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

9] It is stated that the use of any violence to suppress it cannot be considered consistent with the nature and danger of such an attack. [


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

However, in principle, such defense is not excluded, including by judicial practice [10].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In the theory of criminal law, there are different opinions on the admissibility of defense against socially dangerous actions of officials, including representatives of law enforcement agencies: for example, there are opinions that defense is allowed only from encroachments on the personality of the victim, defense only from actions that are obviously criminal, from illegal actions committed with violation of the form provided for by law, etc. However, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not contain restrictions regarding this kind of defense; it can be assumed that defense is possible against any illegal actions of officials that cause harm to protected criminal law interests [11].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The lawful actions of officials in the performance of their official duties, even if they are associated with causing harm or the threat of causing it, the state of necessary defense is not form.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

There is also controversy about the possibility of defense against harm caused by the inaction of a person.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

An example of such a situation is, for example, the use of physical force against a soldier who has received an order in the prescribed form, but evades its execution, as a result of which there may be the interests of military service have been harmed.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Some lawyers point out that such actions border on arbitrariness and abuse of official powers and cannot be recognized as lawful [12].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Resolution No. 19 of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2012 recognized as possible the necessary defense against acts committed in the form of inaction, as well as from careless actions, if, taking into account their content, they can be prevented or suppressed by causing harm to the encroaching [13].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Use of protective equipment and necessary defense


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

To prevent encroachment, automatic triggering and autonomous special devices that are not prohibited by law may be used, operating in the absence of a person whose interests damage is caused [13].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

If, when using such devices, the harm caused to the attacker clearly did not correspond to the nature and danger of the encroachment, the act should be assessed as exceeding the limits necessary defense.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

When such means or devices are triggered (activated) in the absence of a socially dangerous encroachment, the act is subject to qualification on a general basis [13].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

It is unacceptable to use, for example, booby traps, leaving poison in food to prevent theft from the dwelling, etc.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Such actions are not recognized as committed in a state of necessary defense, and the person who installed such devices is fully responsible for the damage caused [14].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The subject of defense


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Any person, regardless of his professional or other special training and official position, as well as regardless of the possibility of avoiding a socially dangerous encroachment or applying for help to other persons or authorities.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

As a general rule, a person is not obliged to defend himself from encroachment, active counteraction to socially dangerous acts is the right, and not an obligation of a citizen, since any defense is associated with a risk for the defender; however, in most cases we can talk about the moral obligation to resort to defense [15].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Some persons are not only entitled, but also obliged by their active actions to prevent the development of socially dangerous encroachments.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

These are employees of the police, security services, military personnel (in case of encroachments on the established procedure for military service and military discipline).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

If this obligation is not fulfilled, these persons may be held liable for this, which may be disciplinary, administrative or criminal law in nature [12].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In carrying out defense, these persons must be guided, in addition to the Criminal Code, by the relevant disciplinary regulations governing the use of weapons and other special means, and also physical strength.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In addition, the literature indicates that they should, if possible, strive to minimize the damage caused with the necessary defense [12].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

It may not be recognized as a crime to cause harm by such a person who has used weapons, special means, military and special equipment or physical force in violation of the established by the current legislation of the procedure for their application, if, on the basis of the specific situation, delay in the use of these items created an immediate danger to people's lives or could entail other serious consequences (environmental catastrophe, sabotage, etc.).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

A person who deliberately caused an attack in order to use it as a pretext for committing illegal actions (to cause harm) cannot be recognized as being in a state of necessary defense health, hooliganism, concealment of another crime, etc.).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

What has been done in such cases must be qualified on general grounds.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The limits of necessary defense


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

When protecting against encroachment associated with a danger to life


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In accordance with Part 1 of Art.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

37 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, defense is lawful in any case if the encroachment was associated with violence that was dangerous to the life of the defender or other person, or with the immediate threat of using such violence.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The existence of such an encroachment may be evidenced, in particular [13]:


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

causing harm to health that poses a real threat to the life of the defender or another person (for example, injuries to vital organs);


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

the use of a method of encroachment that poses a real threat to the life of the defender or another person (the use of weapons or objects used as weapons, strangulation, arson, etc.).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

An imminent threat of violence that is dangerous to the life of the defender or other person may be expressed, inter alia, in statements about the intention to immediately harm the defender or other death or damage to health, dangerous to life, demonstration by the attacker of weapons or objects used as weapons, explosive devices, if, taking into account the specific situation, there were grounds fear the implementation of this threat [13].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Compared to previous versions of this rule, the current approach more effectively protects the interests of the defender, allowing him to resolve the issue of the legality of the necessary defense.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

During the period of validity of the previous version, which required to establish the compliance of the actions of the defender with the nature and danger of encroachment in all cases, there was a tendency towards a biased attitude defending, which actually significantly limits the limits of the legality of defense [16].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Thus, according to studies, the actions of the defenders were assessed by the investigation as criminal in 90% of defense cases [17].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Nevertheless, the current version of the law is not without shortcomings.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Thus, it is not defined what violence can be recognized as life-threatening.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

It is indicated that if this issue is resolved on the basis of a subjective perception of the encroachment by the defenders, abuses, including those related to the provocation of the attack, are not excluded [18].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

When protecting against other encroachment


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Protection from an assault that does not involve violence that is dangerous to the life of the defender or other person, or with the immediate threat of such violence, is lawful, unless it was allowed to exceed the limits of necessary defense, that is, deliberate actions that clearly do not correspond to the nature and danger of the encroachment.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Exceeding the limits of necessary defense is recognized as a clear, obvious discrepancy between protection and the nature and danger of encroachment, when the encroachment unnecessarily intentionally causes death or serious harm to health [13].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

At the same time, responsibility for exceeding the limits of necessary defense occurs only if it is established in the case that the defender realized that he was causing harm that was not necessary for prevent or suppress a specific socially dangerous encroachment.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The literature states that “neither the law nor judicial practice gives any clear criteria for an obvious, obvious discrepancy between protection and the nature and danger of encroachment” [19].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

From this explanation of the Plenum of the Supreme Court, it follows that exceeding the limits of necessary defense with causing less serious harm cannot be recognized as a criminal offense, but in criminal theory such a conclusion is questioned: it is indicated that such harm may be qualified under the relevant article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but with the recognition of the state of necessary defense as a circumstance, 20].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The limits of necessary defense are determined taking into account:


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

the object of encroachment (the type of goods that the defender protects);


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

the method chosen by the offending person to achieve the result, the severity of the consequences that could occur if the encroachment was brought to an end, the need to cause death to the offending person or serious harm to his health in order to prevent or suppress the encroachment;


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

place and time of the encroachment, the events preceding the encroachment, the surprise of the encroachment, the number of persons who encroached and defended, the presence of weapons or other items used as weapons;


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

the ability of the defender to repel the encroachment (his age and gender, physical and mental condition, etc.);


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

other circumstances that could affect the real balance of forces of the encroaching and defending persons.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

A comprehensive assessment of these features is necessary, a discrepancy on any one point does not mean recognizing the existence of exceeding the limits of necessary defense [21].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The court must justify in the verdict its conclusion with reference to the specific circumstances established in the case, indicating a clear discrepancy between the protection and the nature and danger of encroachment.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

The actions of the defending person do not exceed the limits of necessary defense, if this person, due to the surprise of the encroachment, could not objectively assess the degree and nature of the danger of attack.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

When establishing this circumstance, the court should take into account the time, place, environment and method of encroachment that preceded the encroachment of the event, as well as the emotional state the defending person (state of fear, fear, confusion at the time of the attack, etc.).


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Depending on the circumstances of the case, an attack may be considered unexpected, for example, during the night with entry into a home when the defender is in a state of fear could not objectively assess the degree and nature of the danger of such an encroachment [13].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Causing death or serious harm to health for a minor reason (for example, to prevent the theft of apples from the garden) cannot be considered as exceeding the limits of necessary defense [22].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In this case, the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on a minor act should be taken into account (Part 2 of Article 14 of the Criminal Code)


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

With the necessary defense, damage can be lawfully caused, which is actually greater than the encroachment actually caused during the attack [9].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Imaginary defense


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Imaginary defense takes place when there is no real socially dangerous encroachment and a person only mistakenly assumes the existence of such an encroachment [13].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Qualification in such cases is carried out according to the rules on error in the actual circumstances of causing harm.


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In cases where the situation of the incident gave reason to believe that a real attack was being committed, and the person who used the remedies was not aware and could not be aware of the error of his assumptions, his actions should be considered as committed in a state of necessary defense [13].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

In this case, liability is excluded, since the damage was caused innocently [23].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

If, at the same time, a person exceeds the limits of protection permissible in the conditions of the corresponding real encroachment, he is subject to liability as for exceeding the limits of necessary defense [13].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

If a person causes harm without realizing the imaginary encroachment, but due to the circumstances of the case should and could have been aware of this circumstance, the actions of such a person are subject to qualification under articles of the Criminal Code, which provides for liability for harm caused by negligence (in the form of criminal negligence). [


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Finally, if the person understood that the attack was imaginary, any harm caused is punishable under the articles of the Criminal Code providing for liability for intentional infliction harm [24].


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

See also


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Fortress Doctrine


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Joe Horn case


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Necessary defense (Ukraine)


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Principles of use of force


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Notes


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Category:Circumstances precluding criminality of an act


Question: What is “imaginary defense”?

Necessary defense

Category:Individual self-defense


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

is an action-RPG computer game developed jointly by Square Enix and Disney Interactive and published by Square Enix on the PlayStation Portable portable gaming system.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep was released on January 9 in Japan [1], September 7, 2010 in America [2] and September 10 of the same year in Europe and Australia [3].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

The game was not released for PSP go, although the main ideologist of the Kingdom Hearts series, (in Dutch), expressed interest in reissuing the game for paid download from the PlayStation Network virtual network.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Since certain changes were made in the Western edition of the game, the international version of Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep Final Mix was released in Japan [4].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Like other Kingdom Hearts games, Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep is a crossover between characters from Walt Disney worlds and characters from the Final Fantasy series; in addition, for the game series and specifically for Birth by Sleep, new characters have been created, about which the story tells.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Characters and worlds created specifically for the game are designed in a fantasy style with elements of science fiction.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

The plot of Birth by Sleep takes place 10 years before the start of the first Kingdom Hearts and tells the story of three friends:, and; all three appeared in cameo roles in Kingdom Hearts II.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Each of the three main characters has its own storyline, which must be played separately from the others.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Ventus, Aqua and Terra, on the instructions of their teacher, are looking for the missing person, along the way fighting monsters.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Gameplay


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Like other games in the Kingdom Hearts series, Birth by Sleep is an action RPG.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

The player uses an analog stick and buttons to run and jump, and there is also a so-called “Command System” to use various abilities [5] [6].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

“Teams” can be found in different parts of the game world, bought or synthesized from other teams, and placed in menu cells (initially there are only four free cells, but over time, their number can be increase to ten).


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

You can also place items in the command menu and then use them from there by scrolling through the menu with the Up and Down buttons and selecting a command with the button.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

By attacking an opponent with normal blows, pressing a button (in the Japanese version), as well as with the help of Commands, the player fills a special bar: if the bar is filled, the player can instead of the standard attack use the “Final Command” (English: Finisher), which is much stronger than the standard shot.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Depending on which Teams the player filled in the bar, the “Team Style” (English: Command Style) may be activated instead of the End Team.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

In this case, instead of standard attacks, the player attacks differently for a while, for example, by filling the bar with fire spells, the player activates the Team Style, where the hero's standard attack is enhanced by fire, etc. When using the Team Style, the bar starts to empty and when it is emptied, the effect ends, but it can still be filled with blows to keep the Team Style active.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

In some cases, when a player is already using Team Style, it is possible to activate a Level 2 Team Style, which is even stronger.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

When using the Team Style, the bar is filled a second time (or third if it is a Level 2 Team Style), the player has access to his unique End Team when using to which the style is terminated [7].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

The gameplay of this game does not require magic points to cast spells, however, when using any Team (except Item Commands), it takes a certain amount of time before the player can use it again.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

There is a Focus indicator (English: Focus) that you can spend on using so-called Shotlock.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

When a player uses Shotlock, the camera switches to a first-person view and a crosshair appears on the screen.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

If enemies are targeted, the game character uses homing spells.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

The Focus indicator fills up whenever a player attacks an opponent [8].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Another aspect introduced for the first time in the game series is D-link.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

When a playable character uses D-link, he establishes a mental connection with one of the characters he encounters by temporarily purchasing the appropriate set of Commands [7].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Birth by Sleep has a mini-game called “Command Board” (English: Command Board), which by its rules resembles the Monopoly board game.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

When passing through each world, the player opens a new board for this game.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

On each board, characters from the worlds corresponding to the story compete against the player.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

The prize in this mini-game is rare Teams, plus the Teams that were involved in this mini-game develop [9] [10].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Scripts


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

In total, there are three scenarios in the game that you need to complete: Ventus, Aqua and Terra [11].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

All three storylines are generally independent of each other, but sometimes they overlap [12].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

The gameplay for each of the three characters is slightly different: Terra has strong physical attacks, Ventus stands out from the trio for its speed, and Aqua specializes in magic.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Each of the three characters also has various abilities available, for example, Ventus can access the magic of air and light, and Terre can access the magic of darkness and earth.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

(in Dutch), the creator of the Kingdom Hearts series, recommended that players play first as Terra, then Ventus, and finally Aqua; according to him, when completing three storylines in this order the plot looks the most complete, and this is how it is easier to understand [13].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Multiplayer


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep has a multiplayer game that has support for a maximum of six players [14].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

There are four multiplayer modes in total.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

You can start it in a world where the player controls one of three characters in armor.


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

In Versus mode, players fight each other, survival mode fights side by side with hordes of the Unknown, and you can play mini-games with other players: Command Board or Racing [15] .


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

By setting records, you can get rare in-game items and Teams [16].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Multiplayer can only be played via Ad-Hoc wireless [17].


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

The plot


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Game world


Question: In what year was Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep released in Europe?

Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep

Birth by Sleep takes place ten years before the events of the first Kingdom Hearts [18] [19].