Question: How is glass made?

glass

Optical fibre


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Special grade glass fiber is widely used in fiber optics.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Currently, these are mainly communication lines that form the basis of the Internet, telephone and local television networks, and optical signal distribution devices.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

But it is possible to create from bundles of optical fibers and traditional elements of “macroscopic” optics, for example, lenses.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The optical fiber for communication lines is a relatively thick (about 0.1 mm) two-layer thread, the core and shell of which are made of different types of glass and have different coefficients refraction; the wavelength of the laser operating in line is consistent with the “windows” of the greatest transparency of the glass used.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The thread of this thickness is still flexible enough for easy installation and is equipped with a rigid plastic protective sheath, which makes it possible to use glass fibers even in domestic conditions (GPON).


Question: How is glass made?

glass

On backbone terrestrial communication lines, only fiberglass systems provide a transmission range of hundreds and thousands of kilometers without intermediate amplifying stations, and at the moment they are completely have supplanted other technologies from this field.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Practical work with optical fiber requires expensive equipment for precision welding of glass, qualified personnel, and the resulting sharp, hard and “eternal” fiber fragments are considered hazardous waste.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Vitrification of radioactive waste


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The disposal of radioactive waste requires reliable binding of radioactive isotope compounds regardless of their dispersion, water solubility, gas and heat release, and changes in volume over time.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

For this purpose, the fusion of nuclear waste into the glass mass is widely used.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The corresponding salts and oxides either dissolve in the glass, being included in its chemical structure, or remain in the form of fine crystals surrounded by a mass of glass (“matrix”).


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The block made of such material is strong enough, stable and chemically inert to prevent the spread of radioactive substances into the environment with water and air.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The blocks are placed in storage facilities, for example, deep wells in the thickness of stable and impermeable rocks, where they can lie for hundreds of years before the natural loss of radioactivity.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The same method is proposed to be used for the preservation of certain toxic substances [41].


Question: How is glass made?

glass

See also


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Triplex


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Optical materials


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Crystal


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Aerogel


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Liquid glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Uranium glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Porous glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Foam glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Medical glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Cellular polycarbonate


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Monolithic polycarbonate


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Sitalli


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Enamel


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Organic glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Electrically heated glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Smart glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Agate glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Milk glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Metallic glasses


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Bohemian glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Electric glass cutter


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Notes


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Literature


Question: How is glass made?

glass

A brief chemical encyclopedia.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

T. V.M.: Soviet Encyclopedia.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Kachalov N. The glass.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Moscow.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Appen A. A. Chemistry of glass, 2nd ed.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

, L., 1974


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Shults M. M., Mazurin O. IN. Modern ideas about the structure of glasses and their properties.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

L.: Nauka.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Mazurin O. V., Porai-Koshits E.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

A., Shults M. M. Glass: nature and structure.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

L.: Knowledge.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Shults M. M. On the nature of glass//“Priroda” No. 9.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

A.K. Varshneya.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Fundamentals of inorganic glasses.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Society of Glass Technology, Sheffield, 682 pp.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Ozhovan M. AND. Topological characteristics of bonds in SiO2 and Geo2 oxide systems during the glass-liquid transition.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

JETPH, 130 (5) 944-956 (2006).


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

A letter about the benefits of glass.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

— Lomonosov M. IN. Selected works.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

VOL. 2.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The story.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Philology.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Poetry.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

“Science”.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Moscow.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Kachalov N. The glass.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Moscow.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Paul A. (Amal).


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Chemistry of glasses.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

— 2nd.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

ed.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

London — New York.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Chapman and Hall.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

1990 ISBN 0-412-27820-0


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Bezborodov M. A. Chemistry and technology of ancient and medieval glasses.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

M., 1969


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Lucas A. Materials and handicrafts of ancient Egypt.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

M., 1958


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Galibin V. A. The composition of glass as an archaeological source.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

L., 1889


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Antique glass in the Hermitage collection.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Author and compiler Nina Kunina.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Petersburg.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

: ARS.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

1997 ISBN 5-900351-15-7


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Mittelalterliche Glasmalerei in der DDR.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Catalog zur Ausstellung im Erfurter Angermuseum.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Berlin.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Neue Forschungen zur mittelalterliche Glasmalerei in der DDR.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Berlin.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Ragin V. Ch., Higgins M. K. The art of stained glass.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

From the origins to the present.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Moscow: White City.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

2003 ISBN 5-7793-0796-9


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Spanish glass in the Hermitage collection.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The author and compiler O. E.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Mikhailova.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

L.: Aurora.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Russian and Soviet art glass.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

For the XV International Glass Congress.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Exhibition catalog.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The State Hermitage Museum.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

L.: Vneshtorgizdat.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Masterpieces of American glass.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

From the collection of the Corning Glass Museum and the Toledo Museum of Art.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Exhibition catalog.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

The State Hermitage Museum.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Moscow: Soviet artist.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

1990 ISBN 5-269-00590-5


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Russian Glass of the 17th—20th Centuries.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

A special exhibition.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

A Corning Museum of Glass.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Corning, New York.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

1990 ISBN 0-87290-123-8


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Rozhankovsky V. F. Glass and painter.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

“Science”.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Moscow.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Helmut Ricke.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

New Glass in Evrope.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

50 Artists — 50 Concepts.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Düsselgorf im Ehrenholf Glasmuseum Hentrich.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Düsselgorf.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Nordrhein-Westfalen: Spitzenland für Glass.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Mittelstand und Technologie des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Düsselgorf.


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Druck: Duisburg.


Question: How is glass made?

glass


Question: How is glass made?

glass

References


Question: How is glass made?

glass

at Curlie


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Category:Sculptural materials


Question: How is glass made?

glass

Category:Metastable states


Question: What education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The rules of etiquette are not the same throughout North America and may differ between different subcultures in this region [1].


Question: What education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Both the US and Canada inherited their cultural and linguistic characteristics from Europe, and both countries are mainly subject to the rules of European etiquette, especially in relatively formal circumstances where the influence of European culture is particularly strong.


Question: What education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Key principles


Question: What education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Early manuals on North American etiquette assumed that everyone could learn the manners and customs of “high society” [2], but some authors already noted that those people who “in their lives have experienced difficulties and hardships”, in fact, refer to the rules of etiquette “with contempt and mockery” [3].


Question: What education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Modern manuals do not apply the concept of “high society”.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Instead, etiquette is seen as a way to “choose a course of action in your daily routine” and overcome “the pressure of modern life that makes it increasingly difficult to remain polite” [4].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The content of etiquette books has changed accordingly; if at the beginning of the 20th century they described in detail how to treat servants, give a dinner party, or behave in an unfamiliar society [5], now emphasizes respect for members of all classes, races and nationalities [6].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Etiquette is a protocol, rules of conduct that should be kept in mind, but which rarely go to personal needs and concerns.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Good manners include more than just socially acceptable behavior.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

They express their attitude towards others, their self-esteem and feelings [7].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

These changes reflect a decrease in public interest in formal etiquette.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Many authors believe that it should not be too class and swaggering, that rules of conduct should make life more pleasant [6], but others insist that rules should not be too free, although they may change over time: “politeness should not be old-fashioned” [8].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In addition, it is believed that knowledge of etiquette is necessary for success in business [9] [10].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Although the rules of etiquette sometimes seem far-fetched, in general, following common customs helps to avoid awkwardness and misunderstandings.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Therefore, etiquette does not always imply creating an atmosphere of relaxation and comfort [11].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Basic rules


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The main rule of North American etiquette is that you should not tell anyone that they do not follow the rules of etiquette, with two exceptions:


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

1) when this is specifically asked and 2) when parents, caregivers or management teach correct behavior.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You should never apologize in advance for being rude: “I don't want to sound rude, but...” is not the best start to a conversation.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The phrase “sorry, we're going to whisper here” also does not make whispering acceptable in society.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You can't use the features of your (sub) culture to justify rudeness, you can only justify excessive politeness.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For example, statements like “It's not customary for us to send thank you letters” are unacceptable.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

When someone's behavior becomes intolerant, you should attract the attention of the facility manager or the police.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the conflict occurred in a private house, only the owner, and preferably alone, can talk about it with the culprit of the incident and, as a last resort, politely ask him to leave, but not “get out”.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Everyone has the right to draw conclusions about others' personal strengths and weaknesses, but they should be kept to themselves and not shared with any company.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Common standards


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Cultural identity and specificities


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

North American etiquette allows them to choose their cultural, racial, gender, and sexual orientation, and it is not customary in society to express doubts about the correctness of someone else's choice.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Professionally and otherwise, this is considered insignificant.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is considered impolite to draw any conclusions about people on the basis of their manner of speaking, communicating, behaving in society, as well as their citizenship, nationality or origin, belonging to one or other family, education, economic status, religion, etc. Nor should you comment on all of the above.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For example, it is wrong to make assumptions about habits or sexual behavior based on sexual orientation.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You should avoid talking or trying to learn any of the above about anyone in decent society.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Even mentioning it can be considered indecent.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For example, a foreigner who calls an African-American a black man is likely to be considered a racist.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Personal space and personal information


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Westerners, who are particularly sensitive to their personal space, feel uncomfortable if someone approaches them less than an arm's length.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

This is considered tolerable only in a crowd or in similar cramped circumstances.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is considered impolite, especially at the first meeting, to ask questions about religious and political views, age, weight, and other physical parameters, whether the interlocutor is married or dating someone.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You can only disclose this kind of information about yourself, if it is appropriate.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Personal information is considered to be accessible only to relatives and relatives.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is permissible to compliment your appearance, clothes and hairstyle, but you should not hint that it used to be worse (lost weight, recovered, looks healthier than before, etc.).


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is also rude to comment negatively on someone's condition in terms such as “tired” or “looking bad”, unless there is a serious threat to health.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is considered extremely indecent to ask a woman if she is pregnant, even if it is obvious, or to touch her stomach, except when she asks for it.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Titles and forms of courtesy


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Although naming unfamiliar people is widespread in America, it is considered familiar and is normally accepted only among relatives [12].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Polite treatment is considered only to be addressed by name or position with the addition of an academic degree, title or the words “mister”, “miss” or “Mrs.”.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the interlocutor offers to address him by name, this means an invitation to make friends, but if such an offer has not been made, the interlocutor prefers to keep his distance.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the professional, academic, military or political title of the interlocutor is known (judge, colonel, reverend, senator, doctor, professor...), it is preferable to use it, but the use The usual “mister” or “miss” is also acceptable.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the surname of the interlocutor is unknown, when addressing a man, especially at a respectable age, it is permissible to use the word “sir” without a surname (in combination with a first or last name, it is used only when appeal to titled English nobles).


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

A similar appeal to a woman is “madam” (the sound d can be omitted, “ma-am”), and to a girl - “miss” [13], which can also be used with a first or last name.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

At the same time, the word “mister” is impolite to use without a surname, it can mean either deliberate rudeness or betray the ignorance characteristic of foreigners.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In Latin, the word “senor” can be used instead of both addresses, “sir” or “mister”, that is, with or without a surname.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The appeal “young man” or “young lady” is used only for children and adolescents and is considered mentoring.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The appeal to “Mrs.” is permissible only to a married woman.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

When marital status is unknown, use the “miz” appeal, the lady herself will clarify if she wishes.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Both addresses can be used with both the first and last names, and if the lady is married, both with the husband's surname and with her own maiden name.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

However, if a lady prefers only one of these methods of treatment, her choice should be respected [14] [15].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Language


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is unacceptable to correct the pronunciation of the interlocutor or finish phrases for him, unless he asks for it.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is permissible to ask again or clarify what the interlocutor wants to say, but if it is not a question of life and death, it is preferable to avoid repetition and try to find some alternative ways come to an understanding (for example, ask for details).


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You should never criticize the pronunciation or poverty of the interlocutor's language reserve.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Any attempt to explain oneself must be taken with respect.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In French-speaking regions of Canada, it is considered indecent to expect English language service.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

French speakers may not speak English, and English speakers may not speak French.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If you know your language preferences, it is preferable to contact them in their native language or notify them that you are unable to explain yourself in that language.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For example, it is recommended that you learn a simple phrase in French “Pardon. Je ne parle pas français. Parlez-vous anglais?” (Excuse me, I don't speak French, do you speak English?)


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Although English is spoken by the majority of the population in the US, it is also not necessary to speak English here.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In some areas of big cities (New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston, Miami), English is not spoken at all, and guests must either explain themselves in the language of the locals (most often Spanish or Chinese, sometimes Italian, French, German, Polish, Ukrainian or Russian), or explain yourself in broken English.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

money


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

While this is often the case, discussing financial status, property, and someone's wealth or poverty is considered rude.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You should never ask anyone what their salary is [16].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

When calculating, it is permissible to transfer money from hand to hand only if there is no table or bar nearby for this.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is better to offer financial assistance as politely as circumstances allow.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Headwear


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For men, wearing a hat indoors is considered impolite, but it is not necessary to remove it in the corridors or in the elevator.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is always necessary to take off your hat in church buildings while eating, sitting at the table, as well as singing the national anthem.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

These rules also apply to women wearing male or unisex hats (such as baseball caps) [17].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

On the contrary, a headdress should be worn in the buildings of synagogues or houses of worship of Sikhs.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Bandages and other medical devices covering the head are not subject to the rules on hats [18] [19]


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For women, until the middle of the 20th century, wearing a hat outside the home was considered mandatory, but nowadays etiquette allows non-compliance with this requirement.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

When receiving guests, the hostess should be bareheaded [17].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Personal culture


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is impolite to yawn in the presence of strangers, as a last resort, you should cover your mouth with your hand [20].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is permissible to blow your nose only in a handkerchief or napkin, but in no case while eating [21].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is better to go out and retire somewhere.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Coughing, sneezing and belching in society are only permissible in a handkerchief.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Chewing with your mouth open, slurping, and making other loud noises while eating is considered indecent.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Society should not let gases out, but if this happens, you should not make any comments, not even apologize [22].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Personal life


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

These rules are common to the United States and Canada and describe the decency adopted in the circle of relatives and friends.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

invitations


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The rules of hospitality require the inviter to take care of everything that is required for the guest [23].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

However, a place to stay for the night is not included in this list.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The guest must take care of transportation and accommodation if necessary, and must be dressed accordingly to the occasion.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The host can give recommendations on the choice of clothes along with the invitation [24].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The host should not expect the guest to participate in the financing of the event (“clubbing”).


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If an equity meeting is scheduled, the main organizer is not considered the host, and therefore can distribute organizational responsibilities among the participants.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In order to avoid misunderstandings, in this case, the duties of participants are determined immediately when sending out meeting offers, and not later, when the “invitation” has already been accepted.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Invitations must not contain any information about gifts, including the owner's refusal to receive gifts.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Guests should only consider a gift if they stay with the host for more than one day [25].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The invitation only applies to those who are mentioned in it.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

“Mr. and Mrs. Ivanovs” does not mean “Mr. and Mrs. Ivanovs with all their children and relatives.”


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In the latter case, it is not customary to indicate “... and their whole family” in the invitation, but lists everyone by name.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If several people are mentioned in the invitation, not everyone can accept it.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For example, Mrs. Ivanova can come without her husband, and her husband and children can send a postcard with apologies.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is usually customary to invite together with a spouse, groom, bride, as well as a girlfriend or boyfriend with whom the invited or invited person lives or meets for a fairly long time time for everyone to know about the relationship between them.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Since it is customary to include a name in an invitation, if the host does not know it, you should ask the invitee about it [26].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the invited couple does not live together, the host should also know not only who the invitee wants to come with, but also to which addresses to send individual written invitations, if any are appropriate to the circumstances.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In the event that only one of the couple has received an invitation, they can politely invite the host to send a second invitation as well.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

However, this is unacceptable for people with whom the guest does not actually have a close personal relationship, and they, for example, are only desirable.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Neither the guests nor the host should find themselves in a situation of procuring [27] [28].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

After receiving an invitation, you should respond in the same way as it was received, that is, by phone, if the host called, in writing, if the invitation came by mail, etc. It is necessary to notify the host whether the invitation has been accepted or rejected even if there is no mark asking for a response to it, otherwise the host will feel offended by inattention [29].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Accepting an invitation means binding yourself to certain obligations, and if they cannot be fulfilled for some reason, the invitation should be declined.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The answer “maybe” does not allow etiquette in such cases.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is impossible not to appear or reject an already accepted invitation, this can offend the owner and upset his plans.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Exceptions were previously allowed only in the event of a serious illness, the death of family members, or receiving an invitation to another event organized personally by the President of the United States.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In our time, very urgent and important work is also considered a serious reason.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The owner must be notified of the circumstances as soon as possible and apologized accordingly.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Unlike Russia, where it is permissible to be late for visits, in North America it is customary to come at least a few minutes ahead of the appointed time so as not to keep other guests waiting for someone late.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Formal invitations are usually written by hand [30] [31], but if there are a lot of guests, less formal invitations in the form of typographic cards are acceptable [29] [32] [33] [34] [35].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Gifts


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Any gifts for any occasion, including traditional dates, such as Christmas, should be considered unexpected and optional.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

They should be received with a smile and gratitude, expressing as much joy as circumstances allow.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Mistakes.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

When accepting a gift, you should not ask for a sales receipt from it.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

When sending invitations, you should not refuse gifts in advance or demand them only in the form of cash [36]


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You should not give the gift to someone else in the presence of the giver [37] or try to return it to the store to get the money.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Those who do not receive an invitation to the wedding itself should not be invited to the “bachelor party” and other pre-wedding celebrations.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

How to Accept, Refuse, or Use Gifts


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The correct answer to any gift is polite words of gratitude.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Since gifts are considered unexpected, you should not evaluate them negatively in any way.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For example, you should not answer: “I already have this”, “it's not my type”, “Don't they produce this in a different color?” or “I love it because you gave it to me.”


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is permissible to try to exchange the donated clothes for the same more suitable size, but in such a way that the donor does not know about it.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Not every gift should be accepted.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For example, if a married elderly man gives expensive jewelry to a young girl, then she should gratefully return the gift.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

No one is obliged to accept a puppy as a gift if they do not intend to have a dog.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

An animal welfare activist is not required to accept a leather jacket as a gift, etc.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The gift becomes the property of the new owner, who can dispose of it at his discretion.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For example, it is considered acceptable to get rid of it in any way, give it to someone else or sell it, but you should not inform the donor about it.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Accordingly, the giver should never later remember or remind about his gifts.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Choice of gifts


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Gifts are usually given to children under 10 years old for a birthday or young people on the occasion of a wedding or birth of a child.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In all other cases, gifts are optional, so only relatives and friends from whom gifts are expected are invited to these holidays.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

According to North American etiquette, it is not right to give cash, checks or credit cards on personal and religious holidays (birthdays, weddings, Christmas, etc.).


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The guest must know the host well enough to choose a gift for him.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Cash is usually given only to unfamiliar people: subordinates, messengers, postman or doorman [38].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Nevertheless, money is given, for example, if the donor is much older, and the gifted person is not rich.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Thanks


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Thank you for each non-trivial gift in writing and within a period of no more than two weeks.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is customary to specify in the letter what kind of gift they are grateful for.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Wedding gifts are no exception to this rule, and they should also be thanked in writing [39] [40].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You should thank verbally on every occasion, and not always in writing, but if the letter is written sincerely and informally, it will never be unpleasant.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Although cards with a standard thank you text are always on sale, it is better to write by hand.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In business, it is customary to print letters on a printer and sign them by hand.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In addition to the letter, you can also make a gift, and in gratitude for the return gift, you should also send a letter.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is not necessary to respond to a regular thank you letter, but it is not forbidden either [41].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the gift was received in monetary terms, it is customary to mention in the letter what was purchased with this money.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The exception is when many guests immediately presented their gifts in the form of money, as it happens at weddings.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Then it is permissible to thank you simply for the “generous gift”.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

On a visit


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Accepting the invitation, it would not be a mistake to clarify whether you need to bring something with you, that is, whether the party is a “clubbing”.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the answer is no, then you should not insist.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Even if the meeting is really organized “in a clubbing”, it is better to consider everyone who can bring something that does not meet general expectations as a guest of the company of the organizers.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

When visiting someone without an invitation, you should notify the host in advance about the visit.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

At meetings, both formal, for example, at a dinner party and informal, such as picnics in nature, you should not appear uninvited.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The only exceptions are those informal meetings that the host notified in advance as “open” to intruders.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

As a rule, it is not necessary to come to visit with a gift (see the “Gifts” section), but it is permissible.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

These can be flowers, drinks that can be placed on the table, candy for children, etc. Such gifts are considered a thank you for hospitality, but not a payment for it.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

However, if someone has visited the same people several times, they are also expected to invite them to his place or restaurant.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is considered more decent not to bring flowers with you, but to send them to messengers a little earlier so that the owners can find a vase or a suitable place for them.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

However, if flowers are expected from guests, the owners should take care of vases in advance, etc. [42]


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

A guest who arrives earlier can offer hosts assistance in preparing the reception, but hosts can only accept such assistance from their closest friends and relatives, so the guest should not insist [43].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

During a conversation, guests may split into groups, but it is considered rude to communicate with one person for too long.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Refreshments


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Guests should not bring as a gift anything that needs to be put on the table immediately, such as roast beef or lasagna, as this may be regarded as disregard for hosts who are allegedly unable to to put a decent treat [44].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

This is permissible only by prior agreement with the owner.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

All gifts, including edibles, must be such that the host can choose whether to share them with their guests or put them aside for another occasion.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Guests, unless they are immediate family members, should not require the host to comply with their dietary restrictions [45].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If there is any doubt that there is something suitable on the table, it is better either not to go to visit hungry, or refuse the invitation altogether.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

For his part, the host can ask guests in advance what diet they are following, and restrictions can be discussed by accepting the invitation, but not at the table.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Guests should be invited to the table no later than half an hour after the appointed time.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

At a minimum, snacks should be offered during this time.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Accordingly, guests should not be late.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Drinks (at least water) should be served no later than 10 minutes after the first guest arrives, regardless of how early they arrive.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If one of the guests is late, the host should not delay serving meals, no matter how important the late guest is.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The guest can refuse any dish before it reaches his plate.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If guests are served personally, and the dish is not allowed to go around in a circle, the host should ask if his guest wants this and that.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You should avoid situations where the guest sits in front of a full plate of food that he is unable to touch due to his tastes, poor appetite, or dietary restrictions.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

At the table


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is considered impolite to start eating before the plates of everyone sitting at the table are full.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Usually, the owner or the one who sits at the head of the table is the first to eat.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

An exception is allowed for very large banquets, when the hot can cool down while the waiters serve everyone present.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If you need to leave the table for a while, you should apologize, otherwise it will be perceived as a demonstrative act.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

There is no need to explain the reason, as they usually go to the toilet, but they do not talk about it at the table.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In no case should you comment on the choice of dishes by neighbors at the table in any way.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

A question like “why don't you eat meat?” is considered extremely rude, as it gives rise to questions about health or the expression of their beliefs by vegetarians and adherents of different religions.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

There is no concept of a “feast”, usually a family gathers at the table, in a close circle.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Social life


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

This section describes relationships with strangers and unfamiliar people.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

At the door


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is considered polite to hold the door in front of the next passerby so that it does not hit him in the face.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In turn, whoever the door is held in front of must thank.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You can't break into an elevator, car, bus, etc., until those who want to get off have left.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If someone prevents you from leaving, you should apologize loudly and ask to let me pass.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Seats


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the number of seats in transport or at the waiting area at the train station, airport, dentist's office, etc. is not enough for everyone present, you can give way to those who are obvious needs, that is, people with disabilities, pregnant women or passengers with infants [46].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is not polite to require young people to give way to the elderly, as a young man with leg problems may need a seat more than a healthy man at 75 years of age.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In North America, it is not customary to give way to women just because they are of a different sex, this can be interpreted as flirting or sexism (gender discrimination).


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If there are enough seats, there must be at least one empty seat between the seated.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

You should not sit close to strangers unless necessary.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

By all the rules, a gentleman cannot sit down at the table until the ladies have done so or refused to sit down.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Exceptions are informal meetings, meetings at a very large table, where you do not have to wait for all the ladies to sit down, as well as at work.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

At the restaurant


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the waiters follow the accepted etiquette, then there is no need to call them, they fit themselves.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Therefore, gesturing while calling the waiter is considered rude.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In less formal circumstances, for example, if the restaurant is not European-style, you can call the waiter with a look, nod his head, or raise your index finger, a sign of attention.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If necessary, you can apologize out loud and preferably name the waiter by the name that is usually indicated on his badge.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the waiter is not attentive, it is better to talk to the manager than to chase the waiter himself throughout the restaurant.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Waiters should not put the visitor's napkin on their own lap.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The visitor can speak politely to the waiter, but does not have to do so if he is busy talking at the table.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Gratuities


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The tip is usually given only by the head of the table or the main meeting organizer.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Guests should not do this, as the generosity of the hero of the occasion is questioned.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

The latter tips waiters at the end of the event [47].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In the past, it was considered indecent to tip directly to the restaurant owner, but this is acceptable nowadays.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In North America, tips typically amount to 15 to 20 percent of the bill.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Leaving a small coin on the table as a “tip” is considered rude.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

If the service was unsatisfactory, it is better to tell the manager about it and not give a tip at all.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Communication with employees


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Employees of restaurants, shops, hairdressers, banks, government organizations, etc. should be spoken politely.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Rudeness, which was considered the norm in the past, is unacceptable these days.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

It is impossible to draw attention to yourself by whistling, clicking fingers, rustling bills or shouting.


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Although employees and visitors, especially in the American South, often address each other informally (“darling”, “sweetest”, “doll”...), this is wrong and can be regarded as a patronizing tone or simply an indicator of lack of professionalism [48].


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

In these circumstances, only formal polite treatment is permissible: “sir”, “madam”, “mister” or “Mrs.” So-and-so (see Titles and Forms of Polite Treatment).


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Notes


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

See also


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Political correctness


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Etiquette in Europe


Question: What kind of education do you need to be a postman?

North American etiquette

Category:Etiquette


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Due to historical characteristics and ethnic diversity of the population, Singapore has several religious denominations and movements, none of which is dominant.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic () [1] [2].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

As of 2010, the main denominations in Singapore were Buddhism (33.3%), Christianity (18.3%), Islam (14.7%), Taoism (10.9%) and Hinduism (5.1%), other religions were adhered to about 0.7% population.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

17.0% of Singaporeans considered themselves non-religious (14.8% in 2000) [3].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

There are several remarkable religious buildings in the country, including the first half of the 19th century, and religious construction is underway, especially under the program for the construction of new mosques.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Despite the great ethno-religious diversity, there is practically no religious extremism and enmity between members of different faiths in the country.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Young people, especially Chinese, are moving away from traditional values, including religious rituals and adherence to the cult of ancestors.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

History


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Until the 13th century, the island and its small Malay trading settlement were part of the Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

At the beginning of the 14th century, Singapore became the busiest trading center of the Strait of Malacca, often visited by Chinese, Indian, and Arab merchants.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In the second half of the 14th century, the island became the scene of rivalry between Siam and the Javanese Empire of Majapahit, and during one of the attacks, the Javanese exterminated the local population.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1390, the Prince of Palembang killed the local ruler and captured the island.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1402, the troops of the Malay principality of Patani, which was vassally dependent on the Siamese, captured Singapore, forcing the prince to flee to neighboring Malacca, where he soon converted to Islam.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Malacca became the capital of the Malacca Sultanate he founded, which in the second half of the 15th century established control over Singapore [4].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1511, the Portuguese captured Malacca, and Singapore became the possession of the Jokhor Sultanate, a Malay principality that arose after the fall of the Sultanate of Malacca.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1587, the Portuguese, who introduced Catholicism everywhere, captured the capital of the Sultanate Johor Lama, and in 1613 destroyed its port on the island of Singapore.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The city falls into disrepair, and the island becomes a haven for sea pirates.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Following the Portuguese, Dutch, British and French colonizers rushed to Southeast Asia and founded their trading posts.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1795, the British took control of Malacca, and in 1818, the Governor General of British India instructed Governor of Bencoolen Stamford Raffles to find a new stronghold in the Strait of Malacca, which would help the British to gain a foothold in the region [4].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1819, Singapore, which was formally part of the possessions of the Sultanate of Riau-Johor, a vassal of the Dutch, but actually belonged to the Sultan of Johor, was occupied by the British and turned by them into their trade trading post (the Netherlands only abandoned its claim to Singapore in 1824).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

At that time, 120 Malays and 30 Chinese lived on the island.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Following the first British soldiers and officials, members of the London Missionary Society arrived in Singapore and opened a school for Malay and Chinese boys (in 1826 they settled here Anglicans, Plymouth Brothers in 1864, Presbyterians in 1881, Methodists in 1885) [comment 1].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1824, according to the first population census, 4.6 thousand Malays, 3.3 thousand Chinese and 0.8 thousand Indians already lived here.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Mass immigration of the Indian population began in the 30s of the XIX century, when in British India, as a result of the decomposition of the community, the landlessness of peasants and the ruin of small artisans, relative agrarian overpopulation.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Thousands of contracted Indians (coolies), as well as Indian soldiers and petty officials, were sent to British colonies, where plantation farming and industry developed.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

By the middle of the XIX century, the Chinese numbered 28 thousand people (more than 1/2 of the population), and by 1901 - 165 thousand. (almost 3/4 of the population) [comment 2].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Immigration from South China took on the largest proportions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

This was due to the expansion of rubber plantations and the development of industry (especially rubber and tin smelting) both in Singapore and in neighboring areas.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Small groups of immigrants from present-day Malaysia and Indonesia also moved to Singapore [5] [4] [2].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

At the beginning of the 20th century, Singapore became the center of Chinese political emigration (Kang Yuwei and Sun Yat-sen repeatedly visited here), as well as the center of the revival of Chinese and Malay culture (which was facilitated by Malay Muslim educators and religious reformers grouped around the Singapore-based magazine Al-Imam).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

By 1911, Singapore's population exceeded 300 thousand people, mainly due to Chinese and Indian immigrants (unlike previous flows, which consisted mainly of merchants, artisans and servants, now workers contracted for plantations and factories prevailed).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Since the second decade of the 20th century, the annual influx of immigrants has been 150,000 to 250,000 people, and in 1927 even reached 360,000 people.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

However, most of the Chinese did not settle in Singapore, and eventually settled in other territories of Southeast Asia.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Since 1930, mass immigration to Singapore has been prohibited (a law passed in the context of the global economic crisis introduced a quota for the entry of male immigrants of Chinese nationality into the country for the first time) and further population growth was mainly due to natural growth.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1953, a new immigration law imposed strict restrictions on the entry of persons of all nationalities (in practice, it did not apply to Europeans).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1957, the share of births abroad was 35.7% [5] [4] [6].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Confessions1849191119211931Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism27,526 (52.0%) 216,501 (69.4%) 310,163 (72.8%) 411,665 (72.5%) Islam22,007 (41.6%) 53,595 (17.3%) 69,604 (16.3%) 86,827 (15.3%) Christianity1,827 61 ( 3.5%) 16,349 (5.2%) 21,386 (5.0%) 30,068 (5.3%) Hinduis1,452 (2.8%) 15,580 (5.0%) 19,772 (4.6%) 31,128 (5.5%) Sikhism — 146 (0.05%) 1,022 (0.2%) 2,988 (0.5%) Judaism 22 (0.04%) 704% 7 (0.2%) 623 (0.2%) 777 (0.14 %) Other denominations 23 (0.04%) 14 (0.004%) 38 (0.009%) 306 (0.05%) Not available— 62 (0.02%) 3,269 (0.8%) 3,694 (0.7%) Total52,891 (100%) 311,987 (100%) 425,877 (100%) 567,453 (100%)


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Source: Lai Ah Eng, Religious Diversity in Singapore, Institute of SEA Studies (32 pages).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In August 1958, the Islamic Movement party was registered.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1959, Singapore was officially proclaimed a self-governing state under the tutelage of Great Britain, with Malay Inche Yusuf bin Ishaq becoming Head of State, and Chinese Lee as Prime Minister Kuan Y.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In August 1962, the Indian Congress of Singapore was founded.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Singapore was part of the Federation of Malaysia from 1963 to 1965 and became an independent state in August 1965.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1965, the Chinese accounted for 76.2% of the population of Singapore, Malays - 14.6%, Indians - 7.1%, others - 2.1%.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

After independence, Malay was given the honorary status of the state language, and Chinese, English and Tamil were given the status of official languages.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The authorities have launched a large-scale program of economic reforms, simultaneously eliminating any political opposition (including religious ones).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In July 1967, strict immigration controls were introduced at the border to stop the free flow of labor from neighboring Malaysia.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1970, the share of foreign-born people was 24.6% (46% of immigrants were born in China, 35% in Malaysia, 10% in South Asia, 5% in Indonesia) [5] [4] [2].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1973, there were about 900,000 Chinese Buddhists in Singapore (40% of the republic's population, including 37% Mahayana adherents and 3% Theravada adherents), about 700,000 Confucians and Taoists (30% of the population), up to 370,000 Muslims (17% of the population, including 16% Sunnis and 1% Shiites), about 140,000 Christians (more than 6% of the population, including 3% Catholics and 3% Protestants), about 110,000 Hindus (6% of the population), 3,000 Sikhs and 1,000 Jews [7].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1978, 1,775 thousand Chinese, 265 thousand Malays, 110 thousand Tamils (including Sri Lankan Tamils), 50 thousand Javanese, 30 thousand Indonesian Malays, 20 thousand Malayals, 15 thousand lived in Singapore. Euro-Asians, 10,000 Kannars, 10,000 Punjabi and Sindhs, 10,000 Hindustanis and Biharis, 9,000 Englishmen, 7,000 Americans, 5,000 Bugs, 3,000 Arabs, 2,000 Scots, 1,000 Jews each, Dutch and Afghan, several hundred Burmese, Filipinos, Thais, Koreans, Armenians, Spaniards and Portuguese.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1987, 76.1% of the population of Singapore were Chinese (1,988.6 thousand), 15.1% - Malays (393.8 thousand), 6.5% - Indians (169.1 thousand) and 2.3% - others (61.3 thousand) [4].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

According to the 1980 census, 56% of Singaporeans were Buddhists and Taoists, the vast majority of them Chinese (1.2 million people).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Buddhism was also professed by 1.2 thousand Indians, more than 0.3 thousand Malays and about 7 thousand people of other nationalities.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

16% of the population or 323.8 thousand people professed Islam, among them Malays prevailed (almost 90% of Muslims).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Christians accounted for 10% of the country's population (203.5 thousand), 79% of whom were Chinese, the rest were Indians, Europeans and other ethnic groups.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

There were 112 thousand Protestants, and 91 thousand Catholics. Hindus accounted for 4% of the population (72.4 thousand), the vast majority of them came from the Indian subcontinent [4].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1981, in order to avoid social conflicts and in accordance with a new economic plan, the Singapore authorities decided to gradually abandon the services of foreign workers (mainly low-skilled or employed in industries that were not a priority for the government).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

At the end of 1982, the recruitment of workers from all Asian countries, except Malaysia and Indonesia, was banned.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

By the end of 1984, all foreign workers had been expelled from Singapore, except those engaged in construction, shipbuilding and household activities (mainly Thai, Filipino, Indian and Bangladeshi).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

As a result of these measures, from 1981 to 1984, the total number of foreign workers fell from 180,000 to 100,000 people [4].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Denomation198019902000Buddhism27.0 %31.2 %42.5 %Islam15.7 %15.3 %14.9 %Christianity10.1 %12.7 %14.6 %Taoism30.0 %22.4 %8.5 %Hinduism3.6 %3.7 %4.0 %Other faiths0.5 %0.6 %0.6 %0.6% Non-religious13.0 %14.1% 14.8%


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Source: Lai Ah Eng, Religious Diversity in Singapore, Institute of SEA Studies (37 pages).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Ethnic Group/Confession198019902000Chinese


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Christianity


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Buddhism


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Taoism


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Other denominations


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

16.4% 100.0%


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

17.7% 100.0%


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

18.6% Malays


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Islam


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Other denominations


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

0.1% 100.0%


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

0.2% 100.0%


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

0.1% Indians


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Christianity


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Islam


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Hinduism


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Other denominations


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

1.2% 100.0%


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

1.2% 100.0%


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Source: Lai Ah Eng, Religious Diversity in Singapore, Institute of SEA Studies (39 pages).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Confession (1990) ChineseMalayansIndiansOtherBuddhism99.6% —0.2% 0.2% Taoism 100% ———Christianity88.3 %0.2 %6.7 %4.8 %* Catholicism78.1 %0.2 %11.2 %10.5 %* Protestantism94.4 %0.2 %4.0 %10.5% 10.5% Islam1.0 %85.5% 12.2% 1.6% Hinduism 0.2% 0.1% 99.5% 0.2% Other Denominations 17.2% 0.1% 79.4 %3.3 %Non-Religionity98.9 %0.2 %0.6 %0.3%


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Main ethnic groups


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

As of 2010, 3.771 million people lived in Singapore (3.273 million in 2000), of which 74.1% were Chinese (in 2000 - 76.8%), 13.4% - Malays (in 2000 - 13.9%), 9.2% - Indians (7.9% in 2000) and 3.3% belonged to other ethnic groups (in 2000 - 1.4%) [3].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In 1973, Singapore was home to more than 1.7 million Chinese, more than 370,000 Malays, about 155,000 Indians, about 40,000 Europeans and 25,000 Eurasians or Eurasians (a group of mixed European - Asian origin - European-Chinese, European-Indian and, to a lesser extent, European-Malay mestizos, who spoke mainly English) [7] [5] [2].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Among the Singaporean Chinese, 43% professed Mahayana Buddhism (53.6% in 2000), 20.1% Christianity (in 2000 - 16.5%), 14.4% - Taoism (in 2000 - 10.8%), 0.4% - Islam (in 2000) — 0.3%), 0.3% — other religions (in 2000 — 0.3%), 21.8% were considered non-religious (in 2000 — 18.6%) [3].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The Chinese community is overwhelmingly represented by descendants of immigrants from the southern provinces of China and breaks up into communities (Guns) according to their place of origin and dialect.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

More than 2/5 of Singapore's Chinese are Fujian (Hoklo, Fuzhou, Chaoshan and Putian), more than 1/5 are Guangdong (Cantonese), the rest are Hainan, Guangxi and Hakka.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Hakka founded their first temple in Singapore in 1823, the Cantonese in 1824, the Chaoshan in 1826, the Fujian in 1828, and the Hainans in 1857.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Ethno-cultural characteristics of immigrants from different provinces of China retained their importance for a long time in their new place, but over time lost their role.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Often, communities unite people of the same and related professions.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Marriages within their compatriot communities are common among Singaporean Chinese.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Clan associations continue to play a significant role, and the influence of once active secret societies (triads) is gradually decreasing [7] [4] [5] [2] [6].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

98.7% of Malays professed Islam (in 2000 - 99.6%), 0.7% - Christianity (in 2000 - 0.3%), 0.2% - Buddhism (in 2000 - 0.1%), 0.1% - Hinduism, 0.1% - other religions, 0.2% were considered non-religious (0.1% in 2000) [3].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Malays traditionally include immigrants from Indonesia, who make up 1/5 of the Malay community of Singapore (mainly Javanese, as well as Bugis, Banjars, Minangkabau, Madurans, Achehs and Sundas).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

On the islands and in some other places, descendants of the aborigines of Singapore - the Orang Lauts (“people of the sea”), who are largely assimilated by other Malays, have been preserved.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Islam is the main link between various groups of the Malay community in Singapore.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

All Malays consider themselves to be one community, although they are aware of their differences in origin.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In general, Singapore Malays are almost the same as Malaysian Malays, having the same language and culture [7] [5] [4] [2].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Among the Indians of Singapore, 58.9% professed Hinduism (in 2000 - 55.4%), 21.7% - Islam (in 2000 - 25.6%), 12.8% - Christianity (in 2000 - 12.1%), 0.8% - Buddhism (in 2000 - 0.7%), 4.6 % — other religions, mainly Sikhism (5.6% in 2000), 1.1% were considered non-religious (in 2000 — 0.6%) [3].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

More than 3/5 of Singapore's Indian community is made up of Tamils (including Sri Lankan), followed by Malayali, Kannara, Telugu and other Dravid-speaking peoples.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

About 1/6 of Indians come from North India and Pakistan (mainly Punjabi, as well as Sindhi, Hindu, Bengali, Gujarati, and Marathi) [comment 3].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Small groups of Sinhales from Sri Lanka and Nepalese live [7] [5] [4].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Among other ethnic groups, 57.6% professed Christianity (53.3% in 2000), 20.2% Buddhism (13.7% in 2000), 9.2% Islam (22.3% in 2000), 0.8% Hinduism (1.1% in 2000), 0.6% — Taoism (in 2000 — 0.2%), 1.1% — other religions (in 2000 — 1.3%), 10.6% were considered non-religious (in 2000 — 8.1%) [3].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Europeans are dominated by English, and Americans, Scots, Dutch, Jews, Armenians and Portuguese also live.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Europeans and Eurasians are mostly Protestants and Catholics, Jews are Jews, Armenians are adherents of the Armenian Apostolic Church.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Singapore has small communities of Arabs, Afghans, Japanese, Burmese, Filipinos, Thais, and Koreans.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Arabs come from various countries in North Africa and the Middle East, the vast majority of them profess Sunni Islam, but there is a small group of Lebanese Christians.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Afghans profess Islam of the Sunni direction of the Hanafi madhab [7] [5] [4].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Singapore also has a significant community of migrant workers from India, Bangladesh and China who are engaged in low-paid jobs (for example, in construction, transport, public supply, at shipyards that produce oil platforms).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

They live in dormitories and send most of the money they earn to their homeland.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Most of these immigrants return home after the end of their contract, but some settle in Singapore [8].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

At the only operating cemetery in Singapore, Zeitsogan, there are separate sections for the burial of Christians, Chinese, Hindus, Muslims, Ahmadis, Jews, Parsi and Baha'is.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Private and municipal columbarias also have separate sections for various ethno-religious groups [9].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Denominations


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Buddhism


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

As of 2010, 33.3% of Singapore's population professed Buddhism (42.4% in 2000) [3].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The largest group of followers of Mahayana Buddhism is the Chinese.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

There are also small communities of adherents of the Theravada and Vajrayan branches - immigrants from Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Thailand, Vietnamese, Japanese, some Indians, small groups of Malays, Europeans, Euro-Asians and Americans.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

All Buddhist communities in Singapore are autonomous, temples, established mainly on an ethno-confessional basis, are centers of religious activity for their parishes.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Buddhist missionaries from Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Tibet and Japan (Soka Gakkai) are active in the country [7] [4] [2] [10] [11] [12].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Mahayana in Singapore is represented by several schools, in particular Jintuzong and Chan, Vajrayana - Gelug and Nyingma schools.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The activity of foreign missionaries has led to the fact that most temples and religious centers in Singapore were divided into three main trends — Chinese (traditional), Thai and Tibetan Buddhism [13].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Buddhism plays an important role in the everyday life and daily life of the Chinese community.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Buddhists are more active in social and social activities than supporters of Taoism and Confucianism, and Theravada organizations are inferior in scope to Mahayana.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

There are several large Buddhist organizations in the country: the Buddhist Sangha of Singapore, which unites all Buddhists, the Chinese Buddhist Association, the Buddhist Union, the Buddhist Federation of Singapore, Singapore Buddhist Lodge, Wat Ananda Youth (WAY) and others.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Among the most influential and numerous Buddhist associations, the leaders are those with predominantly Chinese (Mahayana adherents).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The Buddhist Sangha is part of the World Brotherhood of Buddhists and owns temples, monasteries, schools, youth centers, various real estate, a publishing house and a number of printed publications (various religious chronicles are regularly published in the secular press).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In recent decades, new Buddhist organizations have settled in Singapore, especially those representing the popular trend of “humanist Buddhism”, including Taiwanese Fogangshan [14], the Taiwanese Ciji Foundation [15] and the American International Buddha Light Association [16].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Various organizations of Tibetan Buddhism, as well as adherents of “Christianized” Buddhism (Thekchen Choling, Gelugpa Buddhist Association, Tibetan Buddhist center, PannayYouth Center) [13] [17].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In Chinese schools, especially primary schools, much attention is paid to teaching the basics of Buddhism [7] [4] [18].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The Buddha Yana Singapore Organization, established in 1978, coordinates purely confessional activities of all Singaporean Buddhist communities (which includes clerics belonging to both branches of Buddhism).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

It is also engaged in spreading the ideas of Buddhism, establishing contacts with representatives of other faiths, charity work, but does not control individual communities.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Among the charitable, cultural and educational institutions of the Mahayana branch, the Nanyang Department of Buddhist Culture and the Singapore Public Clinic stand out [4].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

New organizations of “humanistic Buddhism” are actively increasing their presence on the Internet, publishing newspapers and magazines, establishing community centers for young people and the elderly, educational centers and programs, medical facilities.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

This proselytism led to the fact that many experts began to divide Singaporean Buddhists into adherents of traditional and reformist Buddhism (at first there were more of the former, but the number of the latter grew at a rapid pace).


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Traditionalists include adherents of Chinese syncretism, while reformists advocate the cleansing of Buddhism from various layers, prejudices, mystical rituals and a return to the origins of the canonical faith (they place special emphasis on the advantage of Buddhist ideology over rituals) [13] [19].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Singapore is home to many Buddhist temples and monasteries, both ancient and modern.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The oldest Buddhist-Taoist temple of the Fujian community is the Tien Hok-Keng (“Temple of Divine Bliss”), founded by Chinese sailors in 1839.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

One of the temples of the complex is dedicated to the goddess Mazu, the other to the goddess Guanyin.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Singapore's first Chinese school was founded in a pagoda on the temple grounds in 1849 [20] [21].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Of great importance is the Lianshan Shuanglin Monastery, built in 1902 with donations from the Fujian community and belonging to the chan school.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The oldest temple of Theravada is Maha Sasana Ramsi (aka Burmese Temple), founded by the Burmese in 1875 [22].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

In addition, the Theravada branch includes the Thai temple of Wat Ananda Metyarama, built in 1925 [23], Shakyamuni Buddha Gaya Temple (“Temple of a Thousand Lamps”), founded by a Thai monk in 1927 [24] and the temple Wat Palelai, founded in 1963 for a growing Thai community [25].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

There is also the Amitabha Buddhist Center, founded in 1989, which belongs to Tibetan Buddhism [26].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Singapore's Chinatown is home to a large temple museum of the Buddha's Tooth, which officially opened in 2007 [27].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Singapore's largest monastery complex is Guangmingshan-pujue-si, founded in 1921 for numerous monks who arrived in the city and did not have a roof over their heads.


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Today, the complex includes a crematorium, a columbarium, a library, halls for ceremonies and performances, a sanatorium, educational institutions, as well as several temples, pagodas and pavilions [28].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Among the ancient and highly revered Buddhist temples is Guanyin Tang Fozu, founded by the Chinese in 1884 and dedicated to Guanyin [29].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The Baoensi Memorial Temple, founded in 1954 and dedicated to all those who died during the Japanese occupation of Singapore, is also popular with parishioners [30].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

Among the Buddhist educational and educational institutions, Manjusri High School, founded in 1982 by the Buddhist Federation of Singapore, stand out [31], the Buddhist Library founded in 1983 and its Buddhist School [32], founded in 1993 by Buddhism and Pali College, affiliated with the Sri Lankan University of the same name [33], and founded in 2005 by the Singapore Buddhist College [34].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

The main holiday of Singaporean Buddhists, included in the category of national holidays and widely celebrated not only by Buddhists, is Vesak [4].


Question: Which country has the most temples dedicated to Vishnu?

Religion in Singapore

With the beginning of the British colonization of Singapore, immigrants from South China poured in, bringing their religious cults with them.