Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

She also received a large bow from her, which she values the most and constantly wears on her head, although this caused a conflict with the school board.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

He loves strawberries very much.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Member of the theater club.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Seiyu: Kanda Akemi


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Birthday — February 18, blood type A, height 152 cm.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Another Mizuho and Maria kohai, who lives in the same house, helps Maria.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

She cooks skillfully, but at the same time loves hamburgers very much.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

I'm not good at school.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

She comes from an ordinary, non-noble family, and therefore is embarrassed that she does not behave like a lady.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

He is afraid of ghosts and scary stories about them, and is also afraid to fly in airplanes.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Member of the running club.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Seiyu: Matsumoto Ayano


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Birthday — November 24, blood type B, height 154 cm.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A former student of the school, studied there more than 20 years ago.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

She had a special love for Koho, Mizuho's mother, who was an “big sister” at the time.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

One day, being sick, she came to Koho's room, and without waiting for her, she died as a ghost.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

It was discovered some time after settling in Mizuho's room, and at first Ichiko did not even know she was a ghost.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

After that, they decided to leave her to live in the house (especially since she could not leave it anyway, although there are exceptions in the anime version).


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Since she was living in Mizuho's room, Maria immediately told her that Mizuho was a boy.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

It is bright and romantic by nature.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Being a ghost, he cannot pick up objects, but can touch people (but in anime, only when they want to).


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In moments of excitement, he can speak very quickly.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Seiyu: Goto Yuko


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Birthday — November 16, blood type B, height — 165 cm.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The chairman of the school board.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Before her arrival, Mizuho was the most likely candidate for the role of “big sister”.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

She appreciates the traditions of the school very much, so Mizuho's candidacy, who suddenly appeared in the middle of the school year and was almost immediately offered as an “big sister”, aroused strong objections from her.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

And in the future, their relationship remained tense for a long time, especially since she herself could not understand who he was — her friend or enemy.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

With Maria, with whom she has known for a long time, the relationship is completely conflicting.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

She takes his duties as chairman of the school board seriously, so she is popular with students.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

He dislikes men.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

He's afraid of ghosts.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Being very excited, he can lose consciousness.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

During the series, I fell in love with Mizuho and was very embarrassed because I did not know he was a guy.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

However, when she learned about this by the end of the anime, when Mizuho accidentally revealed himself saving her from her kidnappers, she did not reveal his secret or stop loving him.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Seiyu: Takahashi Chiaki


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Mizuho's classmate is interested in mysticism and divination, but even when she talks about what interests her, her face remains unflappable.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

He loves to surprise other people very much.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Chairman of the theater club.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

She often plays male roles herself.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

It was she who entrusted Kana with the lead role at the school party, as well as the roles of Romeo and Juliet, respectively, Mizuho and Takako.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Seiyu: Shindo Kei


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Development


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru is the fourth visual novel developed by Caramel Box.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The script for the game was written by Aya Takaya [3], who first participated in the development of the Caramel Box game [18].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The graphics and character design were created by Norita [19], who had previously worked as an artist when creating Blue [20].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Illustrations using superdeformation were drawn by game designer Yoda [5].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The music was created by Zizz Studio [19].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Release history


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The demo version of Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru has become available for download on the official website of the game [21].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The game was first released on January 28, 2005 in a limited edition on two CDs [3] [22].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A limited edition came with a book called Tsunderera.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The regular edition was released on February 18, 2005 [23].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

It originally contained a limited edition label [24].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

An updated edition with full voice-over characters was released on April 28, 2006 in DVD format [3].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

On May 27, 2011, a version of the game was released that was compatible with Windows Vista and Windows 7 [3].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Otoboku has been licensed by MangaGamer for publication in English [25].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

On June 24, 2005, Caramel Box released the Otoboku fan CD, which is part of the Caramel Box Yarukibako collection [26] [27].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The disc contained additional scripts that expanded the story of the original visual novel [9]; the disc came with a small statuette.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

On January 26, 2007, the collection was re-released under the new name Caramel Box Yarukibako Fukkoku-ban [28].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The second fan CD was released on October 19, 2007 as part of the Caramel Box Yarukibako 2 collection [29].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

It also contained additional scenarios for the game [10].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

On December 29, 2005, Alchemist released a PlayStation 2 version of the game, removing adult elements from it [4].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Additional scripts included in the PS2 version were written by Kiichi Kano [8].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The iOS version of the game with erotic scenes (available only in the Zion storyline) was released in six compilations between March 29 and June 4, 2010 [30] [31] [32].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A PlayStation Portable version of the game, Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru Portable, was released on April 29, 2010 by Alchemist [33].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

sequel


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A sequel to the original game, titled, was released on June 30, 2010 in a limited edition DVD [34] [35].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The game was created by the same employees who had previously created Otoboku [34].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The limited edition came complete with a 96-page guide, a set of cards from Lycèe Trading Card Game, and a related product in the form of a wallet [34].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A demo version of the game is available for download on the official website of the game [36].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The regular edition began its release on July 30, 2010 [37].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Futari no Elder features elements and characters from the novel Sakura no Sono no Étoile, written by scriptwriter Otoboku.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Also, the release date coincides with the plot date of the election of the 75th “big sister”.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A PSP version called Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru Portable: Futari no Elder was released on April 28, 2011 by Alchemist [38].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The PlayStation Portable release, available for download through the PlayStation Store, was released on December 1, 2011 by the same company [38].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Media publications


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Novels


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Author Saki Murakami created two novels based on the original game, which were published by Paradigm in June and August 2005 in Japan, respectively [39] [40].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The first novel is called (its main character is Zion), and the second - (its main character is Takako).


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Both novels have erotic content.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Otome wa Boku ni Koishitery, written by Chihiro Minagawa and illustrated by Ume Aoi, was published by Jive in August 2005 [41] and revolves around Takako.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Zion's script was converted into an e-book for the iPhone, which was released between March 29 and June 4, 2010 [42] [43].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The semi-official novel was written by Aya Takaya, scriptwriter for the original game.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The novel was titled and contained illustrations from Norita.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The novel consisted of two short stories that continue the story of Takako.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The completed edition of the novel was already officially published by Enterbrain on December 25, 2007 [44].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Three books, written by Tasuku Saiga based on Futari no Elder, were published by Paradigm between September 30 and January 19, 2011 [45] [46] [47].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The first book focused on Kaoruko Nanahara, the second on Kaori Kamichika, and the third on Utano Saso.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The book, written by Reiji Mai and illustrated by Seizu Nanaki, was published by Kill Time Communication on December 3, 2010.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

All four novels contained eroticism.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Another novel,, was created by Aya Takaya and released on December 25, 2010.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

There was no erotic component in it.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Manga


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The manga based on the original game was drawn (in Dutch) and published in the Japanese magazine Dengeki Daioh published by ASCII Media Works between November 2006 and August 2008 [50] [51].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The same publishing house produced two tankobons, on August 27, 2007 and September 27, 2008, respectively [52] [53].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Yonkoma was published by Enterbrain in 12 comic book anthologies released between March 26, 2007 [54] and March 25, 2009. [55]


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A manga adaptation of Futari no Elder was created (in Dutch) and published between July 2010 [56] and February 2012 in Kadokawa Shoten's Comp Ace magazine.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The manga was published in three volumes from November 26, 2010 to January 26, 2012 [57] [58].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Three volumes of yonkoma were published by Enterbrain from September 26, 2010 to January 29, 2011 [59] [60].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Ichijinsha published two comic book anthologies from October 25 to November 25, 2010 [61] [62].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Radio show


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The radio show, entitled, aired between October 5, 2006 and March 27, 2008. [63]


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The broadcast took place every Thursday, and featured (in Dutch) and (in Dutch), playing the roles of Shion Jujo and Ichiko Takashima, respectively, as well as other guest actors.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In total, the play, which tells about the ordinary life of the characters, consists of 74 episodes, which were combined into 13 parts.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Episodes of the radio show were transferred to four CDs and were released from May 9, 2007 [64] to February 6, 2008.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

anime


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The anime adaptation was created at Feel [66] and directed (in Dutch).


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The script for the anime was written by Katsumi Hasegawa, and Noriko Shimazawa created the character design based on the concept of the original game.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The series, which consists of 12 episodes, began airing on October 6 and ended on December 24, 2006.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

It was broadcast on channels such as TV Kanagawa and Chiba TV [67].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The series were released in four DVD compilations, which were shipped in limited and regular editions in Japan [68].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

An additional OVA series was part of the last limited edition, released on April 4, 2007.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Media Blasters has released the main series and OVA with English subtitles in DVD format.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The release of a series licensed under the name Otoboku: Maidens Are Falling For Me!


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

was held from 24 June to 7 October 2008 [69] [70].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Music and audio CDs


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The visual novel Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru contains a total of three main songs: the opening theme You Make My Day!


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

(performer — Yuri), closing theme (artist — (in Dutch)) and song.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The game's original soundtrack, Maiden's Rest, was released in Japan on February 25, 2005.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Futari no Elder contains four main songs: opening and closing songs, as well as two songs that sound in the game itself — and.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

For the Windows version of the game, the opening theme is and the closing theme is (performed (in Dutch)).


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

For the PSP version, the opening and closing themes have been replaced with Crystal Wish, and accordingly.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

An album with songs from Futari no Elder was released by Lantis on May 26, 2010.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

On April 27, 2011, the same company released a single containing songs from Futari no Elder for PSP.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Two singles were created as opening and closing themes for the anime: Love Power and Beautiful Day.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Episode 11 of the anime features the song Again.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Both singles were released on October 25, 2006 by King Records [74] [75].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The soundtrack from the anime was released on November 22, 2006 [76].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Three albums with character song songs performed by voice actors were also released.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The first album contained songs (in Dutch), (in Dutch) and (in Dutch).


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The second album contained songs (in Dutch) (in Dutch) and (in Dutch).


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The third album was recorded by Chiaki Takahashi, Madoka Kimura and Yu Sakakibara.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

CDs and recordings were released from July 26 to September 21, 2006 [77] [78].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Seven Drama CDs were created on the basis of Otoboku.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The first radio drama based on a visual novel was released on September 22, 2005 [79].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The other four, based on the anime, were released from October 25, 2006 to April 11, 2007 [80] [81].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

A radio drama based on the novel Sakura no Sono no Étoile was released on January 29, 2010.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

And the last production, which was based on an additional episode from the album Caramel Box Yarukibako, was released on January 29, 2010 [83].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Reviews and critics


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

According to the classification of success in sales of bishojo games in Japan, the release of the limited edition Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru ranked second in it [84].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In the next two weeks after its release, the limited edition ranked fourth out of 50 possible [84].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The release of the regular Windows edition ranked sixth [85] and remained on the list for one and a half months, until mid-April 2005.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In May 2005, the game returned to the top 50 games, alternately finishing 38th and 49th [86].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The Windows DVD edition ranked 13th [87], and the following month it was first 43rd and then 33rd [88].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

From May to June 2010, Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru: Futari no Elder was the third most pre-ordered game in Japan [89].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In June 2010, it ranked second in sales of video games in Japan [90].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The first two DVD editions of the anime from Media Blasters were reviewed on the Anime News Network.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In a review of the first DVD, columnist Carl Kimlinger spoke extremely negatively about the series, in particular noting that the first three episodes are “completely tasteless”.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

It was also noted that the Catholic women's school, very similar to analogues from the Maria-sama ga Miteru and Strawberry Panic series!


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

, “very poorly perceived visually” [91].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The second DVD edition did not deserve approval either.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In addition, it was noted that the series “has a lot of blunders and technical flaws” [92].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The anime has also been reviewed by Mania Entertainment.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

According to Chris Beveridge, the anime partially reminded him of the Princess Princess and Strawberry Panic series, especially when he was awarded the status of “big sister”.


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

The series was designated as “creating an atmosphere that makes you sympathize with the characters, worry about them and enjoy their communication, which looks very good, although it does not stand out for anything special ” [1].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In a review of the second DVD, Beveridge said that the series continues “a highly predictable storyline that, although funny, is quickly forgotten.”


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Beveridge also wrote that “all the characters are very nice, well traced, individual, but no development should be expected from them” [93].


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Notes


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

References


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

In databases


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Category:Eroge


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Category:PlayStation 2 Games


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Category:PlayStation Portable Games


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Category:Yonkoma


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Category:Yuri


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Category:School anime and manga


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Category:Visual novels


Question: Is Otoboku, a Japanese computer game known in Russia?

Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

Category:Windows games


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Translation of the Bible is a translation of the text of the books of the Bible from the languages in which they were originally written (Old Testament — Hebrew with some parts in Aramaic, New Testament Greek) to others languages.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

As of October 2016, the Bible or its individual books have been translated and published in 3,223 modern languages (there are approximately 7,000 actively used languages in the world), including: in 636 languages, the New Testament in 1442 languages, individual books of the Bible (at least one book in full) in 1145 languages [1].


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Bible remains the most translated book in human history [2], but it is estimated that approximately 1.5 billion people do not yet have access to the full text in their native language [1].


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Texts may vary due to translation difficulties.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The main reason for translation difficulties is the peculiarities of languages.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Bible translation history


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

There are cases in history when the Catholic and Orthodox Churches prevented the translation of the Bible into other languages, arguing that this will prevent its misinterpretation and mistakes.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Thus, in 1079, Pope Gregory VII refused to translate the Bible, saying:


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Under this pretext, in 1826, at the request of the highest Orthodox clergy, the Bible Society, which translated the Bible into Russian, was banned in Russia - a ban on translation persisted until 1858.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Ancient translations


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

One of the oldest translations of the Old Testament is Greek.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

It was made before our era, known as the Septuagint.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

There were also ancient translations into Semitic languages - Targum (translation into Aramaic), Peshitta (translation into Syrian).


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Very early translations of the Bible were made into Gothic (presumably the second half of the 4th century), Armenian (432), Georgian (originally translated from Armenian, later corrected by the Greek version [3], V century), Coptic and Old Ethiopian (Geez) languages.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Some sources talk about the existence of an Arabic translation at that time, although it has not survived to this day.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Also, in some cases, Aramaic and Syrian are counted as one language.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Thus, it can be said almost reliably that by 500 AD. e.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Bible was translated into 10 languages.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Vulgate


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Of great importance for Western Christendom was the Vulgate, a Latin translation of the Bible, carried out in 390-405 by Jerome Stridonsky.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

It is no coincidence that the first printed book made in 1450 by Johann Gutenberg, the inventor of typesetting printing, was the Latin Bible.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Gothic Bible


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Gothic Bible is considered not only the first translation of the Bible into Germanic languages, but also the first literary work in the Germanic (namely Gothic) language.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Only fragments of this translation have been preserved.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Armenian translation


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

After the adoption of Christianity as a state religion in the first years of the 4th century, an oral tradition of translating the Bible developed in Armenia.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

A few years after the creation of the Armenian alphabet (406), the Bible was first translated into Armenian from Syrian Peshitta.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The retranslation was made several years after the Council of Ephesus (431).


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Bible translators into Armenian are Mesrop Mashtots, Sahak Partev, Yeznik Koghbatsi, Koryun, Hovsep Pagnatsi, Hovan Yekegetsatsi, Ghevond Vardapet and others.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The language of the Armenian Bible is classical ancient Armenian and is still the official language of the Armenian Apostolic Church.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Armenian name of the Bible is Astvacašunč (Astvacašunč), translated as “Inspired [Scripture]”.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

German translations


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

English translation


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1380, Oxford professor John Wycliffe made the first handwritten translations of the Vulgate into English.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

One of Wycliffe's followers, Jan Hus, actively preached his idea that people should read the Bible themselves in a language they understand.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

This was one of the reasons why Hus was burned at the stake in 1415, using the translation of Wycliffe's Bible for kindling.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Before his death, Gus actually predicted with high accuracy the beginning of the Reformation.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In English-speaking countries, primarily in the UK and the United States, translations of the Bible played an important role in the development of various Christian denominations, especially Protestant ones.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

There are more than 500 English translations available, including:


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

A translation of the New Testament (1525) and several books of the Old Testament by William Tyndale (en:Tyndale Bible), which he did not have time to complete: was burned at the stake in 1536.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Geneva Bible (en:Geneva Bible, 1560)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Douay—Rheims Bible (1582 — NZ, 1609 — OT, full revised in 1750) — Vulgate translation


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

King James Bible (en:King James Version, 1611)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

American Standard Translation (en:American Standard Version, 1901)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Bible in Basic English (en:Bible In Basic English, 1941)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Revised Standard Translation (en:Revised Standard Version, 1952)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Jerusalem Bible (en:Jerusalem Bible, 1966)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

New English Bible (en:New English Bible, 1961 — NZ, 1970 — OT)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Good News Bible (en:Good News Bible, 1966 - NZ, 1976 - OT)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The New American Bible (en:New American Bible, 1970)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The New American Standard Bible (en:New American Standard Bible, 1971)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Bible in Living English (en:The Bible in Living English, 1972)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

New International Translation (en:New International Version, 1978)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

New King James Version (1982)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Holy Scriptures — New World translation of the Holy Scriptures


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The New Jerusalem Bible (en:New Jerusalem Bible, 1985)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

New Revised Standard Version (en:New Revised Standard Version, 1989)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

International Standard Version (en:International Standard Version, 2006)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In German


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Martin Luther translated the New Testament in early 1522 in just a few months, and worked on the Old Testament from 1522 to 1532.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The first complete translation of the Bible with the apocrypha appeared in Wittenberg in 1534.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Luther Bible has been amended several times.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The editorial, made before his death, was the final version.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Slavic translations


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In Old Slavonic and Church Slavonic


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In the ninth century, brothers Cyril and Methodius translated the Bible into Old Slavonic (a version of the Old Bulgarian language spoken in Solun).


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The first translation into Slavic probably used the Glagolitic alphabet, later replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Lists from the Cyril and Methodius translation spread among the Eastern Slavs, which contributed to the baptism of Rus.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

This translation had a significant impact on all subsequent ones.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In the 15th century, Archbishop Gennady of Novgorod set the task of collecting the books of the Holy Scriptures into a single Bible in the Slavic language.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

He organized a search for parts of the Slavic Bible through monasteries and cathedrals.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Some of the books could not be found, and they were translated from the Latin Vulgate by monk Benjamin.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

A copy of the Gennadiev Bible has survived to this day.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The language of this Bible is called Church Slavonic.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In the first half of the 16th century, Francisk Skaryna, a native of Polotsk, Doctor of Medicine, translated all the Scriptures of the Old Testament into his modern Western Russian written language.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

His translation from Jerome's Latin Bible was printed in 1517-1525 in Prague and Vilna.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

With the advent of printing in Russia, books of the Holy Scriptures began to be printed in Church Slavonic.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1564, Ivan Fedorov, the founder of printing in Russia, published the book “The Apostle”, which included the Acts of the Apostles and their Epistles.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1581, the full Church Slavonic Bible was printed for the first time.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1663, the Bible was published in Moscow for the first time in Russia (Ostrozhskaya was printed abroad).


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

By decree of Empress Elizabeth, in 1751, a carefully revised Church Slavonic Bible, the so-called “Elizabethan”, was published (work on this publication began in 1712 by decree Peter I).


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Its text has been verified against an ancient Greek translation, the Septuagint.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Elizabethan Bible, almost unchanged, is still used by the Russian Orthodox Church during services.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In Polish


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The oldest known translation of the Old Testament into Polish is the so-called Queen Sophia Bible, or the Sharospatak Bible.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

This translation was made on the initiative of the fourth wife of King Vladislav II of Poland Jagaila Sophia Golshanskaya.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The translation was completed in 1453—1455, and one of the translators was Queen's Chaplain Andrei of Jaszowitz [4].


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The translation was made from an earlier Czech translation of the Vulgate.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Since 1708, the text of the Bible has been kept in Sarospatak, Hungary.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Before World War II, this literary monument consisted of 185 surviving sheets containing the Old Testament before the book of Esther.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

During the war, the Bible was destroyed, and only a few leaves have survived.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In Russian


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1813, the Russian Bible Society was founded, which aimed to print and distribute books of the Holy Scriptures among the peoples of the country.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1815, after returning from abroad, Emperor Alexander I ordered “to deliver to Russians a way to read the Word of God in their natural Russian language.”


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Responsibility for publishing the books of the Holy Scriptures in Russian was assumed by the Russian Bible Society, and the translation was entrusted to members of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1818, the first edition of the four Gospels in parallel in Russian and Church Slavonic was published, and in 1822, the Russian New Testament was first printed in full.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Then they began to translate and print books of the Old Testament.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

At the same time, the Holy Scriptures were also translated into the languages of other peoples of the Russian Empire.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Some representatives of the highest church authorities had a negative attitude towards the activities of the Bible Society.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

They believed that the Bible should be in the hands of the clergy and that people should not be allowed to read and study it on their own.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1824, Metropolitan Seraphim asked the king to ban the Bible Society.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In April 1826, by decree of Emperor Nicholas I, the activities of the society were terminated.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Only in 1858, Emperor Alexander II allowed the translation and printing of the Holy Scriptures in Russian.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The translation was to be carried out under the leadership of the Synod (the highest administration of the Orthodox


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1876, the full Russian Bible was published for the first time.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

This translation was called “synodal”, as it was published under the leadership of the Synod.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The “new processing” of the Synodal Translation was the translation by Bernard Götze, published in Warsaw in 1939, on the eve of World War II, in which some preserved in Synodal translation of Church Slavonic words.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 2001 (New Testament) and 2007 (full Bible), the New World Translation, Known for Existence, was published in many other languages.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

On June 1, 2011, a complete translation of the Bible into Russian, created in Russia, was published — a translation of the Russian Bible Society.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The work was carried out for more than 15 years.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In December 2014, the Restoration Translation of the Bible in Russian was published, which is a new translation of the text of the Old and New Testaments from the original languages.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Bible translations into other languages


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Western languages


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In the 13th century, scientists at the University of Paris translated the Bible into French.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In the 15th century, a translation of the Bible into Italian (Niccolo de Malerbi) appeared, and in the 16th century - into Spanish (Cassiodor de Rijn).


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1488, the Prague Bible was published in Czech.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1541, a Swedish translation of the Bible (the Uppsala Bible) appeared.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Oriental languages


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

In 1671, the full Arabic version of the Bible was published in Rome.


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

The Bible or parts of it were translated in the 19th century, according to existing statistics, into 451 languages, between them the complete Bible into Bengali (1809), Chinese (1822), Sanskrit (1822), Manchu ( 1835), Hindi (1835), Amharic (1840), Urdu (1843), Javanese (1854), Pashto (1895) [5].


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Translation into the Chuvash language began in the 19th century and was completed in the 21st century [6].


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Notes


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

Literature


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

(per.)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

(oblast)


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

References


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations

//Orthodox encyclopedia


Question: Has Rewrite been translated into Russian?

Bible translations


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A digital camera is a filmless camera that uses the photoelectric principle to record an image instead of a photochemical one.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, the semiconductor photomatrix converts light into electrical signals that are transformed into digital data stored by a non-volatile memory device.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Images captured by a digital camera can be downloaded to a computer for processing, transmission over computer networks or stored, and then viewed on a monitor screen or printed on paper media using a printer.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Unlike film cameras, digital cameras do not require laboratory processing of photographic material, and with a built-in liquid crystal display, they allow you to immediately assess the result of shooting.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, bad pictures can be immediately deleted from the memory card, and in some models, edited directly in the camera.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The vast majority of cameras currently produced are digital.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Already in 2005, Japanese companies leading the global photographic equipment market sold 64,770,000 digital cameras and only 5,380,000 film cameras [1].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The development of technology has led to the fact that digital cameras can also be used as a camcorder.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Such universal digital cameras are standard built into most modern smartphones and mobile computers.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Historical background


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The first experimental filmless camera based on photovoltaic conversion was created in 1975 by Eastman Kodak engineer Stephen Sasson (English: Steven Sasson).


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The CCD sensor used in it had a resolution of 0.01 megapixels, and the data was recorded on a compact cassette [2].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The emergence of digital cameras was preceded by video cameras, which were a video camera adapted for analog recording of still images on a video cassette or video disc [3].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The prototype of the first Sony Mavica camcorder was presented in 1981.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The image quality of video cameras was limited by the television decomposition standards used, and in addition, the analog method of recording led to the accumulation of distortions in the process processing and transfer.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Electronic photography gained real prospects only with the spread of digital technologies.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The first consumer-grade digital camera in 1988 was the Fuji DS-1P, which uses a removable SRAM card for recording [4].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In the same year, Kodak created the first digital SLR camera, the Electro-Optic Camera, based on the Canon New F-1 small-format camera [5].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Further improvement of the technical characteristics and resolution of digital cameras, however, did not lead to the replacement of analog chemical photography.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A few models of digital equipment of very high cost (up to $40,000) were used to a limited extent in applied areas and photojournalism.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The change in trend occurred with the spread of personal computers and digital photo printing technology, which makes it possible to obtain high-quality color prints from files.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Improving the technology for the production of photo matrices has also led to lower prices for cameras.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

After that, digital cameras quickly replaced film photographic equipment from the market, as they made it possible to obtain satisfactory images without any training and specific skills.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

An additional role in this is played by the ability to immediately control the finished image on the liquid crystal display built into all digital cameras.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, files can be instantly transferred over the Internet and published to online publications and social networks without the need for laboratory processing and scanning.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Image quality


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The sharpness of the image given by a digital camera depends on the size and number of elementary photodiodes contained on the surface of the photomatrix and dividing the continuous image into discrete pixels.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The total number of pixels involved in image recording is considered to be the most important characteristic of digital cameras, and is most often rounded to millions, called “megapixels” [6].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The first digital cameras were significantly inferior to analog ones in terms of quality, since the technologies of those years did not allow creating matrices with a large number of small elements.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In 1995, the resolution of 6 megapixels given by the Canon EOS DCS 1 digital hybrid was considered a record.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The information capacity of photographic materials was unattainable for the first photo matrices.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Even miniature format cameras were superior to digital cameras in terms of resolution and photographic breadth [7].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, since the mid-2000s, the most advanced professional digital cameras have reached a resolution of 15-20 megapixels, allowing you to obtain an image comparable in quality to a small-format negative scanned by a good scanner film.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Modern equipment, which has crossed the 30 megapixel threshold, in some cases provides a result that surpasses traditional photographic materials.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

This is due to many factors, including the practical absence of light scattering, which is inevitable even in the thinnest emulsions, and reduces sharpness.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, color separation in digital photography occurs only once at the time of shooting, and therefore a digital shot is comparable in color quality to a slide, surpassing the negative positive process with double color separation when shooting and photo printing.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The only parameter that is not yet attainable for digital cameras at the film level is photographic latitude.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

While negative films provide a range of 14-15 exposure steps, digital equipment rarely breaks the bar of 7 steps [8].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

According to Digital Photography Review magazine, the Nikon D3 professional camera matrix has a latitude of 8.6 steps when shooting in the JPEG standard and no more than 12 in RAW format [9].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The disadvantage can be overcome with the help of HDRi technology, which is suitable only for shooting fixed objects, requiring at least two exposures.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Device


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The main principle of operation of digital cameras is practically the same as classic analog cameras.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The basis is also an opaque camera, on one side of which a lens is installed that builds a real image of the subjects in the focal plane [7].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Exposure is adjusted by the lens aperture and photo shutter, and is measured in the same ways as in analog photography [10].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A viewfinder is used for framing and focusing.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The difference lies in the fact that instead of photographic material, a semiconductor photomatrix is installed in the focal plane of the lens, which converts light into electrical signals.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

These signals are converted by an ADC into digital files that are transferred to buffer memory, and then stored on the built-in or external storage [11] [12].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Most often, image files are stored on one or two non-volatile flash memory cards that are installed in the camera body.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The source files obtained from the ADC output in RAW format can be converted by the camera processor to one of the generally accepted standards, such as TIFF or JPEG, or they can be saved unchanged for subsequent manual conversion on an external computer [13].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Due to the lack of photographic material and the need to replace it, digital cameras do not use cassettes and a tape drive path.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The main device consists of electronic components, the placement of which is more flexible than mechanical components.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

This makes it possible to have a freer layout that does not depend on mechanical connections and other restrictions [12].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Therefore, at the dawn of the development of filmless photographic equipment, numerous attempts were made to create fundamentally new ergonomics that were more user-friendly.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, in the end, the overall layout and design of the camera, tested by many decades of operation of film equipment, turned out to be generally accepted in digital camera construction.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Digital cameras also include analog cameras equipped with a removable digital back.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Such a device is more typical for medium format and large-format equipment that allows you to change the cassette part.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, the analog camera used is no different from the same one equipped with a standard film cassette.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, digital cameras of non-detachable design are the most widely used, as the most convenient to use and do not contain redundant elements of film equipment.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The matrices of all digital cameras have a flat shape, like most photographic materials.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, lenses are used that build a real image located on a surface that is as close as possible to the plane.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, in 2014, Sony announced the release of concave matrices in the form of a spherical envelope [14].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Later, Canon and Nikon began similar developments.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In 2017, Microsoft announced the creation of concave matrices [15].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Such a matrix requires completely different lenses of simplified design, due to the refusal to correct the curvature of the image field [16] [17].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

As a result, with more compact dimensions of optics with fewer lenses, its aperture and resolution increase [18].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, due to more favorable angles of incidence of light, the photosensitivity of concave matrices is twice as high as that of flat matrices in the field and 1.4 times in the center [14].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Reading an image


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

To date, several technologies for recording light in digital equipment are known.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

They are all based on charge-coupled devices (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS).


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

It is believed that CCDs generate better signals, but CMOS devices consume less electricity and are suitable not only for image recording, but also for measuring exposure or autofocus [12].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Both are made in the form of rectangular matrices or rulers that can read an image in one of three main ways.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The most common method is recording in one exposure, which can be carried out in two ways: using a Bayer filter installed above a single rectangular matrix, or three of the same matrices that receive light from the lens through three primary color filters [19].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, the streams are separated by a prism color dividing system, as in 3CCD video cameras.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The latter method was used in some of the first digital cameras, such as the Minolta RD-175, but due to its bulkiness, it gave way to single-matrix technology.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

When using a Bayer filter, four elementary photodiodes covered with primary color filters are required to produce one color pixel.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

As a result, the matrix that generates a 4-megapixel monochrome file produces only 1 megapixel in color.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

There is another Foveon X3 technology with a single matrix consisting of three layers of photosensitive photodiodes.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, color separation is carried out due to differences in the penetrating power of different parts of the visible spectrum.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, due to the low accuracy of color separation, such matrices were not widely used [20].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The second recording method is based on sequential shooting on one matrix through three primary color filters placed in front of the matrix or lens [12].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

On this principle, Leaf's first medium format digital back “DCB I” was built [21].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The subject was shot three times behind a rotary disk with three light filters [19].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, the resolution of the resulting color files corresponded to the number of elementary photodiodes.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, the so-called debayerization of files, which is inevitable when color separations by an array of color filters, is not required.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A more complex technology of this reading method is called “Microscanning”, and consists in moving the matrix with a Bayer filter in the image plane with precision accuracy by one pixel.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

As a result, it is possible to obtain a resolution that is four times higher than that given by fixed photo matrices.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

For this purpose, the Sinarback 44 HR medium format digital back was equipped with a piezoelectric mechanism for micro-moving the matrix, providing a resolution of more than 75 full-color megapixels in 4 exposures [22].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The advantages of the technology include high resolution and the absence of moire effects on small details of the image.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, the need for several separate exposures limits the scope of application of such equipment, which is suitable only for shooting fixed objects.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The third method of recording is to scan the image using CCD rulers, the same as in scanners.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Such a one-pixel wide ruler moves along one side of the frame window, sequentially reading the image [23].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Three parallel rulers are used to register the color, each of which is covered with a light filter of one of the primary colors.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Scanning has the same disadvantage as sequential exposure through filters, preventing you from photographing moving objects.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, the resolution provided by scanning is unattainable for rectangular matrices.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

All large-format digital backs are built only on this principle, since large rectangular matrices are not produced [24].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Another area in which linear scanning has been used is the panoramic scanning camera, which allows you to obtain a circular view using a CCD ruler.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The camera is mounted on an electrically driven panoramic head that rotates the entire device around the nodal point of the lens.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The most famous cameras of this type, produced since 1999 under the name (English: Panoscan) [25].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Governance


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The digital camera has the same controls as the film camera, which allow you to adjust the lens aperture and shutter speed.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The autofocus system and its controls are also similar to classic cameras.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, the general interface often does not differ from the latest models of analog equipment, representing two selection wheels displayed on digital displays.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In amateur and semi-professional models, a camera mode dial is additionally installed, which allows you to set algorithms for automatic exposure control.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, in addition to the parameters specific to film photography, it is necessary to select the light sensitivity, file size and resolution, color space, white balance and many others in digital photography snapshot properties.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

They are usually adjusted using menus displayed on the liquid crystal display, buttons and selection wheels.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Modern digital cameras of professional and semi-professional classes allow you to control most parameters from an external smartphone connected wirelessly.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

viewfinder


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Digital cameras can use all types of optical sights generally accepted in analog equipment: telescopic, frame and mirror.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

SLR cameras are one of the most numerous and advanced groups of digital photographic equipment.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, in addition to optical ones, an electronic viewfinder can be used in digital equipment, which is functionally in no way inferior to a mirror one, but is more compact and has a number of advantages.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The image brightness of these viewfinders does not depend on the illumination of the scene and the aperture of the lens, providing convenient and accurate viewing in all situations.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition to the image, such a viewfinder can display any service information necessary for continuous adjustment of parameters [7].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

On the basis of the electronic viewfinder, completely new classes of equipment have been created, the appearance of which was impossible in film cameras.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

These are mirrorless and pseudo-mirror cameras [26].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, the latest generation of SLR cameras also offer LCD sighting in Live View mode when the mirror is raised and the shutter is open.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

This makes most modern digital cameras suitable not only for taking still photos, but also for video recording [27].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Connectors and interfaces


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Modern digital cameras are equipped with several types of connectors, each of which is designed for different purposes.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

An external interface for connecting to a personal computer is available in almost all digital cameras, allowing you not only to copy data from the drive, but also to change the camera settings.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The first digital cameras were equipped with a SCSI interface, which soon gave way to the faster IEEE 1394.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Currently (2017), the most common in both amateur and professional cameras is the high-speed USB 3.0 interface, suitable for connecting to computers of all types.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

To output images to a TV, many cameras are equipped with a composite video output with compact connectors [11].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

With the advent of digital cameras equipped with a video recording function, the HDMI digital interface has become generally accepted, usually with a miniature version of the connector.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Since the mid-2010s, professional and semi-professional digital photographic equipment has been equipped with Wi-Fi wireless communication as standard.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The first such devices were removable, and then began to be built into the case, allowing you to instantly transfer finished images to an external computer or server, increasing the efficiency of news photojournalism.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The latest models of professional digital cameras contain an RJ-45 connector for connecting to local area networks using twisted pair [28].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Data carriers


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Some first-generation digital cameras used optical disks or floppy disks to store data [12].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, the gradual abandonment of such media in other areas of computing technology has led to the fact that almost all modern digital photographic equipment is based on the use of flash memory.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A number of entry-level cameras have a small amount of internal flash memory, which is enough for 2-30 shots.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, all digital photo equipment is equipped with one or two removable cards, which allows you to have unlimited memory and copy data using a card reader.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The most common memory card formats today (2017) are:


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

CF (Compact Flash)


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

SD (Secure Digital), microSD;


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

XQD;


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Obsolete media:


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

SM (SmartMedia);


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

MD (Microdrive);


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

MMC (Multimedia Card) [29]


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

MS (Memory Stick) from Sony;


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

xD (XD-Picture Card)


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The volume of the most common flash cards varies from 1 to 32 gigabytes, but it can be much more.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Grading


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Among digital image recording devices, the line between a camera and a camcorder is blurred: modern video equipment, as a rule, can create photographs, and cameras can record video .


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Here is an approximate classification of devices whose main purpose is photography.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

DSLR


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Of the two existing versions of the SLR viewfinder, only single-lens is used in digital equipment, since the two-lens scheme has not been used.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In digital embodiment, a single-lens SLR viewfinder has the same advantages as in film equipment: no parallax, accurate framing and focusing with lenses of any focal lengths, as well as the ability to visually control the depth of the sharply depicted space.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, macro photography, work with shift-lenses and docking with optical devices such as a microscope, telescope and endoscope are possible [30] [31].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

SLR cameras have a matrix that is larger than most other classes of digital equipment [32] [33].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

For amateur models, the APS-C format is more typical, and in professional and semi-professional models, APS-H and “full-frame” with a size of 24 × 36 millimeters are more common.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

There are also models with a medium format matrix.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

DSLR cameras are the only class of equipment in which phase autofocus can be fully implemented.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

This is achieved thanks to an additional optical path that directs light from the lens to the sensor.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition to the main mirror, an auxiliary mirror is used, fixed to the hinge and retracted with it before the shutter is triggered.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Phase autofocus provides the highest speed, and therefore SLR equipment is still not inferior to its niche in professional, and especially sports photography [34].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A separate class of mirror equipment (slang term - “half-mirror”) is supplied with a translucent fixed mirror instead of a movable mirror.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, the light from the lens is divided into two parts, one of which is directed to the sensor and the other to the viewfinder.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Most often, the luminous flux is divided in a proportion of 65/35%, as in the Sony Alpha SLT family.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The advantages of a fixed mirror are the possibility of continuous sighting at the time of shooting, as well as the absence of vibration, which reduces the sharpness of the image.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, a very high continuous shooting rate is possible, which is unattainable in cameras with a moving mirror.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, the light efficiency of such a sight is much lower than that of a traditional sight, since the eye receives only part of the light from the lens.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Mirrorless cameras


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A class of digital photographic equipment that does not have an optical sight; its role is played by a parallax-free electronic viewfinder.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The absence of a bulky and complex SLR viewfinder with a pentaprism and a moving noisy mirror made it possible to significantly reduce the size of the camera and its weight.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In terms of size, most mirrorless cameras are comparable to compact cameras, while ensuring the image quality characteristic of SLR equipment.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Mirrorless cameras became widespread in the late 2000s, dramatically changing the market for amateur photographic equipment, and replacing other types of cameras [35].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The fundamental drawback of mirrorless cameras, which prevents the complete displacement of SLR equipment, is the impossibility of full implementation of phase autofocus, which requires a separate optical path.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The contrast autofocus available in mirrorless equipment is much slower than the phase autofocus.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In 2011, the first mirrorless cameras appeared equipped with a matrix in which part of the pixels were allocated for autofocus by measuring the phase difference, which significantly increased the speed autofocus.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

These models include Nikon 1 V1, Nikon 1 J1, Canon EOS M [36].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Digital rangefinder cameras


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A small group of digital cameras with manual focus using a rangefinder.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

This type of equipment can be considered a digital implementation of rangefinder cameras that are convenient for reportage genre shooting.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Unlike mirror equipment, rangefinders are very stable at long exposures due to the lack of a moving mirror.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition, the accuracy of focusing with the rangefinder does not depend on the illumination of the scene being shot and the aperture of the lens, which distinguishes this type of sight from the mirror one [37].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The first digital rangefinder camera in 2004 was the Epson R-D1.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In 2006 and 2009, “Leica M8” and “Leica M9” were released.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Later, “Leica M 240” and “Leica M Monochrom” were added to the line.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The latest model is equipped with a sensor without a Bayer filter that generates high-resolution black and white images.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

All these models have the same lens mount as that of rangefinder film “Watering cans” - Leica M mount. They are characterized by a high price, combine image quality with almost silent operation shutter that does not attract attention on the street.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Ultrasums


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Pseudo-mirror digital cameras got their name because of their resemblance to SLR cameras and are not equipped with an optical sight.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The image in the electronic viewfinder of such a device is formed by a signal received directly from the matrix.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The first in this class were cameras with a simplified version of the SLR viewfinder with a beam splitter prism.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In the 2000s, this type of viewfinder was used in cameras such as the Olympus E-10 and the Olympus E-20.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The improvement of electronic sighting technologies made it possible to completely abandon the optical viewfinder in the future [11].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Another name “ultrasound” or “hyperzoom” is obtained due to the large magnification of the hard-built zoom lens, reaching 6× and above.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The shooting quality is higher than that of compact cameras, due to the higher quality of optics, a stabilized lens and a larger matrix size.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Matrix sizes range from 1/2.5 vidicon inches to Micro 4:3.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

As a rule, they have flexible exposure settings with a large number of manual modes, so that the photographer can quickly switch the camera to the desired mode.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Compact digital cameras


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

It is disdainfully called a “digital soap dish” due to primitive controls and low quality images.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In most models, the zoom lens has a telescopic design and, when not in use, retracts into the body, allowing you to carry the camera in your pocket.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In addition to the standard electronic sight, these cameras sometimes have an optical viewfinder that is synchronized with the change in the focal length of the lens.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

For compactness, you have to pay for a tiny matrix - usually 1/2.5 vidicon inches.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The small physical size of the matrix means low sensitivity and high noise levels.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Aggressive noise reduction is used to obtain acceptable image quality.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

This type of camera is usually characterized by the absence or lack of flexibility of manual exposure settings.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The magnification of a zoom lens usually does not exceed 3× or 4×, which is sometimes compensated by a digital zoom lens.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Macro photography opportunities also suffer.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

With the exception of the cheapest models, it has a zoom lens, as well as good macro photography capabilities.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Many models have a subject size of 30 mm or even less [38].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In recent years, this class of equipment, like pseudo-mirror cameras, has been rapidly losing ground in the market, being replaced by comparable capabilities and more compact camera phones.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Modular cameras


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A type of digital camera with interchangeable lenses combined with a shutter and a photo matrix in a common module that can be undocked from the camera body and replaced with a similar one with a lens different focal length.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The body contains a viewfinder, a display, controls and a battery.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

This design was first used in 1996 in the Minolta Dimage V camera, and was further continued in the next EX 1500 and 3D 1500 models.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

In 2009, the Ricoh GXR, built on the same principle, was released.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The modular principle has been developed in smartographs: their body contains a lens with a matrix, and sometimes even a flash card with a battery, but there is no viewfinder, which uses a display the smartphone to which the device is connected.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, data transmission is carried out via Wi-Fi or NFC protocols.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Smartographs, sometimes referred to as standalone lenses, outperform the built-in camera in most respects, while maintaining mobility and networking capabilities.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Modular cameras of the Sony SmartShot QX series were among the first to appear in 2013 [39].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Built-in cameras


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The capabilities of the first camera phones were limited, allowing you to shoot only in good light and at extremely low resolution, most often VGA standard.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, since the beginning of 2010, camera phones have received a powerful impetus for development, reaching a resolution comparable to compact cameras, and even exceeding this market segment.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

For example, the main camera of the Xiaomi Redmi 4X smartphone has a resolution of 13 megapixels and good light sensitivity [40].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, most camera phones, due to the miniature size of the matrix, are equipped with a fix-focus lens that does not require focusing.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

However, models with high-speed laser autofocus are known, such as the LG G3 [41].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Action cameras and camera traps


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

A class of digital equipment suitable for shooting both still photos and videos in extreme conditions, as well as without human intervention.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The design of such cameras is usually carried out in an impact-resistant splash-proof housing that allows shooting in hard-to-reach places [42].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The viewfinder is most often absent, which is compensated by the large field of view of the ultra-wide-angle lens.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Data can be read remotely via Wi-Fi wireless protocols.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Camera traps, unlike action cameras, have a large reserve of autonomy, working around the clock in standby mode for up to several months.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Constant readiness is ensured by sensitivity to invisible infrared radiation, which illuminates objects in the dark.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Shooting in such cameras is most often carried out using a motion sensor, capturing wild animals in natural conditions.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Light field cameras


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

An experimental direction of camera construction, which exists only in the form of single “concepts”.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Digital cameras that capture, instead of distributing illumination on a matrix, a wave pattern created by beams of light inside an opaque camera.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

This makes it possible to accurately focus the image after shooting in the finished file.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The Light L16 digital camera, equipped with 16 matrices and lenses of different focal lengths, has a similar advantage [43].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Shooting is carried out by different modules at the same time, and the resulting images are programmatically combined to produce photos with a resolution of up to 52 megapixels [44] [45].


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Consumer classification


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

From the point of view of advertising and marketing, digital cameras are divided into several classes depending on the intended application.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

Most market participants divide cameras into “professional”, “consumer” and “entry level” cameras.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

This is reflected in the form of a simple rule followed by most manufacturers of photographic equipment, which consists in the number of characters that indicate the name of a particular model.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The most expensive professional models in the name have only one Arabic numeral, for example “Canon EOS-1D X” or “Nikon D5”.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

At the same time, other numbers (for example, “Canon EOS 5D Mark III”) reflect the development number and are written in Roman characters to eliminate confusion.


Question: What is the main principle of a digital camera?

Digital camera

The magnitude of a single digit indicates the camera's target application.