Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The case was initiated under Part 3 of Article 146 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (illegal deprivation of liberty or kidnapping), part 2 of article 258 (terrorist act) and part 3 of article 332 (illegal transfer of persons through state border of Ukraine) [50].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

During the second interrogation in February 2016, Nadezhda Savchenko identified one of the participants in the procedure for her extradition to the Russian Federation.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

It turned out to be Pavel Karpov, whom the media called the curator of representatives of right-wing movements in the presidential administration under the leadership of Vladislav Surkov (in particular BORN) [26].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Records of negotiations were presented as evidence, where, according to the defense, Karpov and the head of the LPR Valery Bolotov were recorded [51].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In Donbass, Karpov rose to the rank of assistant to Bolotov, after whose resignation he returned to Moscow in August 2014.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The reason for the trip was scientific interest due to the interest of his own customers in this conflict [51].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The defense's request to involve Karpov as a witness was rejected by the judge [26].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The version of the Lugansk and Russian sides


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to the Head of the LPR Bolotov, “Savchenko was captured by the militias when the operation on the battalion “Aidar” was carried out. During the air raid, when the militias were evacuated, no one paid attention to the woman in the turmoil, she managed to escape” [52] [53].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 9, 2014, the representative of the Investigative Committee of Russia Vladimir Markin said that Savchenko crossed the Russian-Ukrainian border on her own under the guise of a refugee without documents and was detained territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with Russian legislation, as a suspect in a criminal case on the murder of Russian journalists [32] [54].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 24, Head of the Department for the Investigation of Crimes Related to the Use of Prohibited Means and Methods of Warfare, RF IC A. Drymanov said that “according to the materials of the case, no one forcibly took it to Russia.”


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

He further explained that she was detained by police officers when she was traveling by taxi in the Voronezh region.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

He also added that the purpose of Savchenko's visit to Russia, whose border she crossed as a refugee, still needs to be clarified [55].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The head of the Investigative Committee of Russia Alexander Bastrykin on September 8, 2015 in an interview with Rossiyskaya Gazeta said that the investigation has information that Nadezhda Savchenko spent 3 days in Russia before her detention, and even personally filed an application with the Federal Migration Service of Russia at that time with a request to issue her an identity certificate [56].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Criminal prosecution in Russia


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Accusation of aiding in murder


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 9, 2014, the representative of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation Vladimir Markin said that the Department for the Investigation of Crimes Related to the Use of Prohibited Means and Methods of Warfare of the Investigative Committee presented by N. Savchenko is accused of aiding in the murder of journalists of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Company Igor Kornelyuk and Anton Voloshin.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to the investigation, participating in hostilities in eastern Ukraine as part of the battalion “Aidar”, she determined the coordinates of a group of journalists and handed them over to the Ukrainian security forces.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Later, using these coordinates, a mortar attack was carried out, as a result of which journalists were killed [57].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

IN. Markin specified that N. Savchenko is accused of committing a crime under Part 5 of Art.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

33, p.p.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

“a, b, e, f, l” part 2 of Art.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (aiding in the murder of two or more persons in connection with the performance of official activities, in a generally dangerous way, motivated by political hatred, committed by a group of persons).


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

He also explained that Savchenko was charged in the presence of a lawyer and an interpreter, and the Embassy of Ukraine in Russia was immediately notified of the fact of detention [57].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 24, Head of the Department for the Investigation of Crimes Related to the Use of Prohibited Means and Methods of Warfare of the Investigative Committee Drymanov said that the Investigative Committee found evidence of N. Savchenko.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to A. Drymanov, her guilt is confirmed, in particular, by the details of calls made from her mobile phone seized from her during her detention in Russia.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In addition, Drymanov said, “Savchenko found a map of the area, divided into squares, on which artillery and mortar fire was inflicted” [55] [58].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Alibi claims


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Nadiya Savchenko's defense insists that she has an alibi at the time of the death of journalists [36].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Lawyers of the serviceman received documents from the Security Service of Ukraine confirming that she could not be involved in the death of Russian journalists due to the fact that by that time it was already about an hour was in captivity [36].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

They draw this conclusion based on the billing of Savchenko's phones and journalists who came under fire [36], as well as the opinion of an expert who studied the video recording of her detention [59].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The video of the detention was made by Russian citizen Yegor Russky [60], commander of the reconnaissance platoon of the Luhansk battalion “ZARYA”.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In early 2015, Savchenko's lawyer Mark Feygin said on the air of a Ukrainian TV channel that it was Russky who had evidence of Savchenko's innocence [61], to which the Russians made a video message refuting this information [62] [63].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Subsequently, Russky independently came to the Investigative Committee of Russia in St. Donetsk, Rostov region and testified in this case, and on October 15 he spoke in court [64].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Interestingly, only Yegor Russky spoke positively about Nadezhda Savchenko on a number of points [64] and said that he respected her as a soldier and that she deserved the title of Hero of Ukraine [65] .February 10 In 2015, the former head of the battalion “Aidar” Sergei Melnichuk spoke in defense of Savchenko, saying that it was he who adjusted the artillery fire, and not Nadezhda Savchenko, as claimed by the prosecution of the Russian vessels [66].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Accusation of illegal crossing of the state border


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On January 15, 2015, a criminal case was opened against Savchenko on charges of illegally crossing the border [67].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to Savchenko's lawyer Mark Feygin, on April 24, 2015 Nadezhda will be officially charged with illegally crossing the border of Russia.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

He called this accusation a “mockery” [68].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Examination of defense complaint


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In accordance with the decision of the Novousmansky District Court of the Voronezh Region, N. Savchenko was taken into custody until August 30 [57].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

However, this decision was appealed by Savchenko's defense.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 10, the Voronezh Regional Court, having considered the complaint of the defense, rejected it and upheld the decision to detain N. Savchenko is in custody [69].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

At the same time, the regional court recognized that Savchenko had not been served copies of the protocol and procedural documents in her native (Ukrainian) language.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

As a result, the materials were returned to the district court to eliminate violations [70].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In order to eliminate these violations on July 15, N. Savchenko was handed procedural documents on her case in Ukrainian [71].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The court session was held behind closed doors, in the absence of the press.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

During the hearing, Savchenko was in a pre-trial detention center in Voronezh, with which a video link was established from the courtroom [69].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The Ukrainian diplomat was also not admitted to the trial [72].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 11, Savchenko's lawyer in a Russian court was Mark Feygin, who previously defended Pussy Riot members and Left Front activist L. Razvozhaev [73].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Savchenko's visit to pre-trial detention center


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 10, Anatoly Malakhov, a human rights activist from Voronezh and head of the regional public monitoring commission of the human rights organization Russia Without Torture, visited Nadezhda Savchenko.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

He said that Savchenko is kept alone in a four-bed cell equipped with hot and cold water supply and has everything he needs.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to Malakhov, “she is in good physical shape, she has no complaints about the maintenance and attitude of employees.”


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Malakhov also noted that Savchenko answered negatively to the question of whether she was beaten in the detention center [74] [75].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 16, Ukrainian Consul Gennady Breskalenko was allowed to see Savchenko.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to the statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, “by its long delay in this matter, Russia grossly violated the universal norms of international law in the field of observance of human rights and freedoms, -legal obligations under the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations” [76].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to Nadiya, she was not tortured during interrogations.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

However, she went on a hunger strike for 8 days, demanding a meeting with the consul [43].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to the consul, “Savchenko has no complaints about the conditions of her detention, relation to her in the pre-trial detention center” [77].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Psychiatric assessment


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On September 22, 2014, Nadiya Savchenko was transferred from Voronezh pre-trial detention center [78]; later lawyers learned that she was in Moscow pre-trial detention center No. 6 [79].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On the same day, the Investigative Committee of Russia officially confirmed that Savchenko was planned to be taken to Moscow for a psychiatric examination [80].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In November, a forensic psychiatric examination found Savchenko sane, and she was transferred from the Serbsky Institute to a pre-trial detention center [81].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Jurisdiction Opinions


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Ukrainian lawyers believe that for crimes committed on the territory of Ukraine, citizens of Ukraine are subject to criminal prosecution on the grounds and in accordance with the procedure provided for by the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and the investigation should be carried out by law enforcement agencies of Ukraine [82].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In addition, article 10 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides that citizens of Ukraine may not be extradited to a foreign state for criminal prosecution.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Russian lawyers believe that Part 3 of Article 12 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation makes it possible to bring to criminal responsibility on the territory of the Russian Federation foreign citizens who have committed a crime outside the Russian Federation, in cases where the crime was directed against the interests of the Russian Federation or a citizen of the Russian Federation or permanently residing in of the Russian Federation stateless persons [83].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The Investigative Committee of Russia has created a special unit to investigate crimes of an “international nature against civilians” that were committed on the territory of Ukraine [84].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Hunger strike


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On December 13, 2014, Savchenko went on an indefinite hunger strike [85] because she did not receive medical care for ear inflammation [86]; later decided to continue the hunger strike, demanding her release from prison, at least in the form of a change in the measure of restraint [87].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 4, 2015, Nadiya Savchenko was visited in prison by her sister Vera, who then stated that “the results of Nadiya's tests were disappointing, her blood formula was changing, and amino acids were dripping” [88].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On the same day, Petras Auštrevičius, a member of the European Parliament from Lithuania, went on a hunger strike in protest against the illegal detention of Savchenko [89].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

It was joined by deputies from Spain, Poland and the Czech Republic [90] [91].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In early February 2015, in an interview with Mikhail Khodorkovsky's Open Russia website, Savchenko said that she would not stop her hunger strike, even if it threatened her with death [92].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Regarding forced feeding, she said: “I will write a statement to the chief physician and the head of the pre-trial detention center that I will consider forced feeding as torture. I will die then” [93].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

To maintain her health, she received glucose injections until she gave them up on February 19 [94].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 5, 2015, Savchenko partially stopped her hunger strike [95].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The reason for this was a sharp deterioration in health during the last four days of the hunger strike [96].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 14, Savchenko was visited by Ukrainian doctors who adjusted her diet and course of medicines to get out of the hunger strike [97].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Already on March 16, Savchenko announced the resumption of her hunger strike [98].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

At the end of April, a medical consultation was held, following which a decision was made to transfer Savchenko to the city clinical hospital due to deteriorating health [99].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

During a hunger strike in a pre-trial detention center, she wrote the book “The Strong Name Hope!” published in Kyiv in 2015 [100].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 3, 2016, Nadezhda Savchenko again went on a dry hunger strike until the end of the trial for refusing the opportunity to say the last word [101].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

She stopped her hunger strike on March 10, 2016, after receiving a fictitious letter allegedly from Petro Poroshenko, who later turned out to be a pranker prank [102].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor in the specialty “Forensic Medicine” V. Kolkutin, in fact, there was no dry hunger strike.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

His opinion is V. Kolkutin justified by a sharp discrepancy between the symptoms characteristic of starving people, and the fact that in the case of N. Savchenko is observed in reality.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

“Physical mobility, active movement and jumping up on the bench, changing the modulation of the voice — all this does not mean any dry hunger strike,” the expert concluded [103].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Speaking about hunger strikes, N. Savchenko N. Polozov and M. Feygin explained that hunger strike means giving up solid foods, and taking liquid vitaminized mixtures with amino acids and vitamins does not stop.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

To the interviewer's clarifying question, “that is, it turns out that Savchenko does not refuse to eat food, but refuses to eat the food that is offered to her in the Russian pre-trial detention center. So is it?” M. Feygin replied “Yes, I don't eat your food” [104].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Appeals of Russian citizens with requests for the release of Savchenko


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 9, 2015, the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta began collecting signatures under an appeal to Putin demanding the release of Savchenko from Lefortovo prison; on February 24, a letter with more than 11,500 verified signatures were delivered to the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation [105].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Among the signatories of the appeal are Lyudmila Ulitskaya, Zoya Svetova, Marietta Chudakova, Svetlana Gannushkina, Ekaterina Gordeeva, Elena Gremina, Galina Elshevskaya, Olga Sedakova, Natalya Mavlevich, Alyona Romanova, Dmitry Muratov, Irina Prokhorova, Elena Koreneva, Natalya Sindeeva, Bozhena Rynska, Elena Grishina, Ksenia Sobchak, Marina Vishnevetskaya, Viktor Vasilyev, Lev Rubinstein, Vladimir Voinovich, Alexander Ginzburg, Alexander Arkhangelsky, Evgeny Ass, Viktor Shenderovich, Philip Dzyadko, Garry Bardin, Vladimir Paperny, Sergey Zenkin, Georgy Efremov, Natalia Sokolovskaya, Arkady Shtypel, Evgeny Ermolin, Boris Zhutovsky, Igor Irtenev, Alla Bossart, Vladimir Mirzoev, Sergey Gandlevsky [106].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Vladimir Voinovich wrote in an open letter to Putin on February 25, 2015 that “people are arranged in such a way that sometimes the death of one person shocks them more than the death of hundreds” [107].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Human rights activist Lev Ponomarev also made an individual appeal to Putin regarding Nadezhda Savchenko on February 27 [108].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 27, 2015, the Presidential Council for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights, on the initiative of its member Elena Masyuk, sent an appeal to the Chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation Alexander Bastrykin with a request for speedy consideration of the issue of changing the measure of restraint for Nadezhda Savchenko [109].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 2, 2015, members of the Council made a similar appeal to the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Yuri Chaika [110].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 7, 2016, members of the Russian PEN Center, as well as scientists, writers, translators and journalists who joined them issued a statement demanding to declare the results of the investigation and the court untenable over Nadezhda Savchenko, as a result of which the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation demanded “cruel, unfair and unjust punishment” for her [111].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The signatories also demanded to stop the persecution of Nadiya Savchenko: in their opinion, she should be recognized as a prisoner of war and included in the process of exchanging prisoners of war in accordance with the Minsk agreements signed by Russia in February 2015 [112].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

International response


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On September 10, 2014, the international non-governmental organization Amnesty International called on the Russian authorities to release Savchenko and Oleg Sentsov, as, according to the organization, they were illegal “taken out of the territory of Ukraine, detained and placed in custody on trumped-up charges” [113].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On January 27, 2015, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) recognized the powers of Nadiya Savchenko as a member of the Assembly from Ukraine; from that moment, according to the statutory documents of the Council of Europe, Savchenko was extended international immunity.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On the same day, PACE adopted a resolution calling on the Russian authorities, as a member of the Council of Europe, to release Nadezhda Savchenko “within 24 hours or hand her over to a third party.”


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

At the same time, the head of the delegation of the Russian Federation Alexey Pushkov said that these requirements can make sense only if “the Russian delegation remains in PACE” [114].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 9, the Verkhovna Rada Commissioner for Human Rights Valeria Lutkovskaya asked the Basmanny Court to release Nadiya Savchenko and offered herself as a guarantor [115].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 13, US State Department spokesman Jennifer Psaki called on Russia to release Ukrainian pilot Nadiya Savchenko, who, according to her, is “a hostage to Russian authorities” [116].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 20, Rupert Colville, representative of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, called on the Russian authorities to immediately release Nadiya Savchenko on humanitarian grounds. [117]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On 7 July 2015, the General Committee on Democracy, Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE PA) during its meeting in Helsinki adopted a resolution “Ukrainian citizens kidnapped and illegally detained in the Russian Federation”, condemning the “kidnapping of Ukrainian citizens from the territory of Ukraine”, including Nadiya Savchenko, their “illegal movement across the Ukrainian-Russian state border and subsequent detention in the Russian Federation”.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to this committee of the OSCE PA, the Russian Federation, refusing to release Nadiya Savchenko, thus “ignores its legal obligations under the General Agreement on Privileges and immunities of the Council of Europe” [118] [119]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 3, 2016, US State Department spokesman John Kirby said that the position of the US State Department remains unchanged - Nadezhda Savchenko should be released immediately [120].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation assessed the statements of officials demanding the release of Savchenko as direct pressure on the court in order to influence its decision [121] [122].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On October 10, 2014, Memorial recognized Nadiya Savchenko as a political prisoner [123].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Savchenko's defense in the European Court of Human Rights


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 10, 2014, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine appealed to the Council of Europe with a request to recognize Nadiya Savchenko as a hostage to Russia and demand her extradition [124].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 15, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) began proceedings in the case of Savchenko.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The case was given priority status [125].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The President of the ECHR appealed to the Russian government with questions about how Savchenko got to the Russian pre-trial detention center, why she was not given the opportunity to meet with the Consul of Ukraine [125].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The court also ordered the Russian government to inform about the conditions of detention of Savchenko [125].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In February 2015, Savchenko's lawyers filed an application with the ECHR with a request to urgently take “preliminary measures” to consider her case [126].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Ukraine acted as a third party in the case. [127]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Reports of possible release


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

As stated in September 2014, the then head of the Security Service of Ukraine Valentin Nalyvaichenko, Nadezhda Savchenko, Oleg Sentsov and Deputy Chairman of the UNA-UNSO Mykola Karpyuk were on the lists detained citizens of Ukraine, the exchange of which was envisaged after the achievement of the Minsk Agreements [128].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On October 27, lawyer Mark Feygin announced that the court had extended Savchenko's arrest until February 2015 [129].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to Ukrainian observers, during the winter session of the PACE, the Savchenko case was an argument for negotiations on Russia's further participation in the work of PACE.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

As the PACE Secretariat emphasized before the session, the release of Savchenko would be “a good manifestation of goodwill and could well guarantee Russians confirmation of the powers of their delegation in the opening time of the winter session of the PACE, and therefore the automatic return of all rights to them in the Assembly” [130].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to Evropeiska Pravda, on January 26, 2015, at a meeting of the PACE Committee on Migration, a member of the Russian delegation Igor Morozov said that the Russian side supports the release of Savchenko [131].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to the same Evropeiska Pravda, in return, the Russian side expected a favorable resolution of the situation with the powers of the Russian delegation to PACE; however, after approval, contrary to the position of Ukraine at a meeting of the PACE Monitoring Committee of the draft resolution providing for the lifting of sanctions against the Russian delegation, the Russians again refused to consider the issue of the release of Savchenko, which influenced the change in the position of the majority of members of the Assembly that supported the extension of sanctions. [132]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Sergei Naryshkin, Chairman of the State Duma, denies that such behind-the-scenes negotiations took place, calling this information “a stuffing of the Ukrainian delegation” [133].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 7, 2015, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation refused to satisfy the request of Savchenko's defense to terminate the criminal prosecution [134].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 10, the Basmanny Court of Moscow extended Savchenko's detention until May 13 [135].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 25, the Moscow City Court dismissed the lawyers' appeal against her arrest [136].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Court


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In July 2015, Savchenko was transferred to the Rostov Region [137] [138], as it became known later, to pre-trial detention center No. 3 (women's prison) in Novocherkassk [139] [140].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In this regard, before the trial, Savchenko wanted to draw up a will [141] (but she was not allowed to do this in the pre-trial detention center [142]), and also wrote a letter to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon with a request to ensure normal trial conditions [143].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Ombudsman of Ukraine Valeria Lutkovskaya appealed to the Russian authorities with a request to transfer the Savchenko case to Moscow: “Holding a court hearing in the Savchenko case in the Rostov region threatens the life of herself the pilot and her relatives and colleagues who would like to be present during the trial due to the possibility of provocations and attempts on their lives” [144].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 30, 2015, the trial of Savchenko was suspended until the Rostov Regional Court considered the defense's petition to move the trial to Moscow [145] [146].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On August 21, the court of the Rostov region rejected the petition of Savchenko's defense to postpone the consideration of the case to Moscow, and the judicial investigation into the case was resumed [147].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On September 15, 2015, the Donetsk City Court of the Rostov Region (Russia) extended the arrest of Nadiya Savchenko until March 15, 2016.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Mark Feygin, her lawyer, wrote about this in his Twitter microblog.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

“Savchenko was kept in custody,” he said [148].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

An open court hearing on the criminal case against him was scheduled for September 22 [149] [150].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On October 5, 2015, the Rostov Regional Court (Russia) considered the appeal and did not change the term of arrest of Nadiya Savchenko [151].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The appeal session was closed, and only the judge, secretary, lawyer, prosecutor and interpreter were present in the courtroom.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On December 17, 2015, Savchenko went on a hunger strike from December 18 until the end of the trial [152].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to her lawyer Mikalai Polozov, “after the verdict, she will go on a dry hunger strike. Its demand is release” [153].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 2, 2016, the prosecutor's office requested 23 years in a minimum security penal colony and a fine of 100,000 rubles for Savchenko [154].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 21, 2016, the Donetsk City Court of the Rostov Region found Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko guilty of the murder of journalists of VGTRK Igor Kornelyuk and Anton Voloshin, of attempted murder of civilians residents and illegal crossing of the Russian border [155] [156].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 22, 2016, the court sentenced Nadiya Savchenko to 22 years in a minimum security penal colony and a fine of 30,000 rubles [157].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On April 5, 2016, the verdict entered into force [158], after which Nadezhda Savchenko again began her protest dry hunger strike on April 6 [159].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

releasing


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 30, 2015, Savchenko's lawyer Mark Feygin said that the special services of Russia and Ukraine were negotiating her exchange for Russian citizens Yevgeny Erofeev and Alexander Alexandrov detained in Donbass [160].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Earlier, Advisor to the Minister of Internal Affairs Anton Gerashchenko said that Ukraine allows the possibility of exchanging them for Nadiya Savchenko and Oleg Sentsov [161].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On April 5, 2016, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko told her in a telephone conversation with Nadezhda Savchenko that a decision had been made to exchange her [162].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On April 18, the issue of Nadezhda Savchenko was discussed in a telephone conversation between Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko [163].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On April 27, Savchenko received the documents necessary for her extradition to Ukraine to continue serving her sentence there.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to the lawyer, the extradition process could take up to two months [164].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Lawyer Mark Feygin said that if Savchenko is extradited to Ukraine, she will not serve her sentence there, as she has the immunity of a PACE delegate [165].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On May 25, 2016, she was pardoned by decree of the President of Russia at the request of relatives of journalists Igor Kornelyuk and Anton Voloshin, who, according to the court, died as a result of Savchenko's actions [166] [167].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On the same day, Petro Poroshenko's presidential plane took Savchenko from Rostov-on-Don to Boryspil Airport (Kiev) [11] [168] [169] [170].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

At the same time, the President of Ukraine pardoned [171] Russian citizens Alexander Alexandrov and Yevgeny Erofeev, convicted in Ukraine for “waging an aggressive war by prior agreement by a group of persons, facilitating the activities of a terrorist organization by prior agreement of a group of persons [...] carrying out a terrorist attack [...] the use of weapons to provoke a military conflict by prior agreement by a group of persons” [172].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On the same day, they arrived from Antonov Airport (Kiev) to the special terminal of Vnukovo Airport (Moscow) [173].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of VIII convocation


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On September 14, 2014, the congress of the Batkivshchyna party unanimously admitted Savchenko to the party and nominated her to the Verkhovna Rada, giving the first place in the election list in the upcoming elections [174] [175] .


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On November 7, Savchenko's lawyer said that she had written a letter of resignation from the Armed Forces of Ukraine due to the fact that she became a deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine [176].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On November 19, the CEC registered Savchenko as a People's Deputy [177], and on November 25 she received a certificate of a People's Deputy of Ukraine [178].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

During the taking of the oath by the new Verkhovna Rada on November 27, 2014, the text of the oath signed by Nadiya Savchenko was shown on the screen [179].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to Part 3 of Article 14 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Rules of Procedure of the Verkhovna Rada”, at a meeting of the Verkhovna Rada, an oath is read out as a candidate for deputy, which is then signed by him personally.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On December 25, 2014, the Verkhovna Rada included Savchenko in the permanent delegation of Ukraine to PACE [7].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 24, 2015, the Batkivshchyna party compiled and published the Savchenko List, a list of persons involved in the kidnapping and detention of the pilot (similar to the Magnitsky List) [180].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On April 22, this list was approved by the Verkhovna Rada; Ukrainian parliamentarians recommended that the National Security and Defense Council impose personal sanctions against persons from the list [181] [182].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

After release


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

[[File:U.S. Independence Day Reception, Kyiv, Ukraine, July 1, 2016 (27644148523) .jpg|270px|mini|right| {{center|Nadezhda Savchenko at a meeting with foreign politicians, Kyiv, July 1, 2016]]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On May 27, 2016, she announced her readiness to become President of Ukraine [183] [184] [185] [186].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On June 7, 2016, she announced her plan for the return of Donbass [187].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On June 22, 2016, she said that she was confident in her 100% victory in the presidential election if they took place today [188], and also considers the Ukrainian government and army that did not repel Russia in Crimea, guilty of the war in Donbass [189].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On July 23, 2016, she announced that she had to become President of Ukraine.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

At the same time, she did not rule out the transition period of the dictatorship “in order to return this power to the people and make sure that power is never taken away from the people again” [190].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In August 2016, she announced her plan for a new state structure of Ukraine [187].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On November 25, 2016, she announced the beginning of an independent political career.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

“I'm not going to join the party. I'm becoming an independent politician. I'm starting my own fund,” she said [191].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On December 13, Savchenko met in Minsk with the leaders of the self-proclaimed DPR and LPR Alexander Zakharchenko and Igor Plotnitsky.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

They discussed the implementation of the Minsk Agreements and the exchange of prisoners in the “all for all” format.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

This gave rise to a storm of indignation on the part of the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko and a number of Ukrainian politicians [192].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Savchenko was invited to the Security Service of Ukraine to testify in criminal proceedings that are being conducted on the fact of the activities of the LPR and the DPR as terrorist organizations [193].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On December 15, Savchenko was expelled from the Batkivshchyna party for conducting independent, uncoordinated activities with anyone [194] [195].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On December 21, 2016, she was expelled from the Ukrainian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe [196].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On December 22, 2016, Nadiya Savchenko was expelled from the permanent delegation of Ukraine to PACE.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On December 24, 2016, she announced her intention to create an opposition party called RUNA.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 7, 2017, representatives of the Runa party announced that their party was terminating cooperation with MP Savchenko.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The reason for the rupture is disagreements in the vision of the basic ideological and structural and organizational foundations [198] [199].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 16, 2017, Savchenko, as a deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, wrote an application with a request to remove her parliamentary immunity [200].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On February 24, 2017, she again visited the Donetsk People's Republic on a humanitarian mission — she checked the conditions of detention of Ukrainian prisoners of war and handed them parcels from relatives [201] [202].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On April 14, 2017, the political party “Nastup” changed its name to the “Public Platform of Nadiya Savchenko” and elected the deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Nadiya Savchenko (non-factional deputy) as its Chairman [203].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In July 2017, Savchenko made a statement that she would participate in the presidential elections in Ukraine in 2019 [204].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On January 26, 2019, she was nominated as a presidential candidate of Ukraine at the congress of the Nadiya Savchenko Socio-Political Platform party [205].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Criminal prosecution in Ukraine


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 15, 2018, on the air of 112 Ukraine TV channel, People's Deputy of Ukraine from the People's Front, Advisor to the Minister of Internal Affairs Anton Gerashchenko said [206] that Nadiya Savchenko was suspected of organization of the preparation of a coup d'etat in Ukraine and that it may be related to the “Ruban case”.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to Anton Gerashchenko, if suspicions about her are confirmed, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko will decide to deprive her of the title of Hero of Ukraine [207].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On the same day, during the morning plenary session of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Prosecutor General of Ukraine Yuriy Lutsenko said that Nadezhda Savchenko was suspected of organizing the preparation of a terrorist attack in Verkhovna Rada.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to the Prosecutor General, during the terrorist attack, it was planned to destroy two lodges with combat grenades, bring down the dome of the Verkhovna Rada and finish off those who survive with assault rifles [208] [209].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 15, 2018, the Verkhovna Rada expelled Nadiya Savchenko from the Verkhovna Rada Committee on National Security of Ukraine “in order to prevent the disclosure of information related to the state secret” [210].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

After her expulsion, Savchenko said that the Verkhovna Rada had once again violated the law of Ukraine, and accused the current Ukrainian authorities of crimes against Ukraine [211].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 15, 2018, during a briefing before interrogation at the SBU, where she was summoned for questioning in the “Ruban case”, Savchenko announced [212] that she was ready to publicly answer all available questions, moreover, she herself suggested that the SBU and the Prosecutor General's Office interrogate her on a polygraph [213].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Savchenko denied the accusations of plotting a coup d'etat, but made a statement that the majority of Ukrainians have such thoughts [214]: “Who did not think to blow up the Bank or the Verkhovna Rada? Are we living in 1937, in Stalin's times, when this [discussion] is a crime? Can't you talk about this on the street? Only lazy people don't talk about this here. If we want to survive in this country, we need a total change in the political system” [215].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Savchenko also called absurd the version that she acts in the interests of Russia.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

In response to accusations of involvement in the case of Ruban, Savchenko suggested that such accusations appear in connection with the war of the Ukrainian special services and therefore “the country is being drained from within” [216].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 22, 2018, the Verkhovna Rada deprived Nadiya Savchenko of parliamentary immunity, after which she was detained by the SBU in the Verkhovna Rada building [217].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On March 23, 2018, the Shevchenkivskyi District Court of Kyiv chose a preventive measure for Savchenko in the form of detention for 59 days until May 20.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The prosecutor of the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office Oleksandr Bannik in his petition said that Savchenko planned attempts on the top leaders of Ukraine, in particular, President Petro Poroshenko, the Minister Internal Affairs Arsen Avakov, Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council Alexander Turchinov and others.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Savchenko went on a hunger strike.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On April 16, the SBU reported that Nadezhda Savchenko and Volodymyr Ruban refused to testify in the case of preparing a terrorist attack.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

[219] [220]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The pre-trial investigation was extended to 6 months [221].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On May 14, 2018, Nadezhda said that she had written a letter to Vladimir Putin.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

According to her, the letter contains a request to unblock the exchange of prisoners.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On August 2, 2018, it was announced that the pre-trial investigation was completed.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

At a press conference dedicated to this, Prosecutor General of Ukraine Yuriy Lutsenko noted that “it is very difficult to explain, especially to foreign observers, how the person for whom half the world fought, a person , awarded the highest state distinction became an enemy of the country” [223].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

2019 Presidential Election


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

On January 26, 2019, Nadiya Savchenko was nominated as a presidential candidate of Ukraine at the congress of the Nadiya Savchenko Socio-Political Platform party [224].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Honors


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

The title Hero of Ukraine with the award of the Order of the Gold Star (March 2, 2015) — for invincibility of will, civic courage, sacrificial service to the Ukrainian people [225] [226]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Order “For Courage” III degree (August 21, 2014 [227]) — for personal courage and heroism shown in protecting the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, loyalty to the military oath, highly professional performance of official duty [228] [229]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Church Order of St. George the Victorious Great Martyr (Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchate, March 1, 2015) [230] — for the Fight against Evil [231]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

US Atlantic Council Freedom Award (2015) [232] [233]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Nomination for the Andrei Sakharov Prize of the European Parliament “For Freedom of Thought” (2015) [234]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Svitlo Justice Award (2015) [235]


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Honorary Citizen of Chervonograd (August 27, 2015) [236].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Freedom Awards (2015) [237].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Laureate of the Polish Eagle Prize by Jan Karski (2016) — for his hardened spirit in the struggle for human dignity and pride [238].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Special award “I'm free!” All-Ukrainian Award “Woman of the III Millennium” (2015) [239] [240].


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Bibliography


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

comments


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Notes


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

References


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

//YouTube, 19.06.2014. ‹See Tfd› (in Russian)


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

//Meduza, 10.02.2015


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

//“Ekho Moskvy”, 20.02.2015


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

on YouTube Dir.


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Inna Zvantseva


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category:Ukrainian military


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category: People's Deputies of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the VIII convocation


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category: Participants of the Iraq War


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category:Participants in the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category: Ukrainian pilots


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category:Ukrainian women politicians


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category: Prisoners of war of Ukraine


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category:Honorary Citizens of Chervonograd


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category:Captains (Ukraine)


Question: How many languages does Nadezhda Viktorovna Savchenko speak?

Nadezhda Savchenko

Category:Russian criminals


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Animal psychopathology is the study of mental or behavioral disorders in animals.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The study of animal psychopathology was carried out with a strong anthropocentric bias, taking into account models of human mental illness.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[1] But from an evolutionary point of view, animal psychopathology is more appropriate to consider animals as maladaptive behavior due to some cognitive dysfunction, emotional impairment or stress.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This article provides an incomplete list of animal psychopathologies.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Eating disorders


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Animals in the wild appear to be relatively free from eating disorders, although their body weight varies depending on seasonal and reproductive cycles.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

However, domesticated animals, including farm, laboratory and pets, are prone to abuse.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Evolutionary fitness affects eating behavior in wild animals.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Farm animals are also expected to exhibit this behavior, but questions arise as to whether the same principles apply to laboratory animals and pets.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Anorexia activity


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Activity anorexia (AA) is a condition when rats begin to exercise excessively while reducing their food intake, similar to human anorexia nervosa or hypergymnasium.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

When given free access to food and an exercise wheel, rats usually develop a balanced routine between exercise and food intake, making them fit.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

However, if food intake is limited and access to wheels is unlimited, rats begin to exercise more and eat less, leading to excessive weight loss and ultimately death.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The running cycles are shifted so that most of the work is done a few hours before the start of the meal.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

In other conditions, AA does not develop.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Unrestricted access to food and limited access to wheels will not lead to any significant changes in feeding or training.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

In addition, if rats are limited in both food intake and access to wheels, they will adapt accordingly.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

In fact, if rats are first taught feeding schedules and then given unrestricted access to the running wheel, they will not develop AA behavior.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The results confirm that running hinders adaptation to the new feeding schedule and is associated with the reward system in the brain.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[2] One theory is that running simulates the search for food resources—a natural behavior in wild rats.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Thus, lab rats run more in response to food shortages.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The effect of half-starvation on activity has also been studied in primates.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Male rhesus monkeys become hyperactive in response to prolonged chronic food restriction [3].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Lean sow syndrome


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Lean Sow Syndrome (SSS) is a behavior observed in stalled sows, similar to AA, in which some sows after early pregnancy are extremely active, eat little and are depleted, which very often leads to death.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

They suffer from weight loss, hypothermia, poor appetite, anxiety and hyperactivity [3].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The syndrome can mainly be associated with social and environmental stress factors.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Stress in sows is often perceived as a consequence of animal restrictions that occur during intensive production.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The sows that suffer the most from containment conditions are those who are breastfeeding or pregnant, as they have very little space to move around because they are kept in fenced maternity boxes or tied until 16 weeks pregnant, which disrupts natural and social behavior.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

However, increased movement and freedom are also stressful for adult sows, which usually happens after weaning.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

When they group up, they fight vigorously against one dominant sow that appears, which eats insatiably.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

It also happens that two subordinate sows are part of a group that actively avoids competitive feeding situations and mocks the dominant sow.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Affected sows have poor appetite, but often show picacism, excessive water consumption (polydipsia), and anemia.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Studies on the effects of overcrowding were conducted in the 1940s by placing pregnant Norwegian rats in a room with plenty of water and food and monitoring population growth.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The population reached several individuals and subsequently did not grow; overcrowding caused stress and psychopathology.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Despite the fact that there was a lot of water and food, rats stopped eating and multiplying [4].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Similar effects were observed in dense populations of beetles.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

When overcrowding occurs, the beetles destroy their eggs and turn into cannibals, devouring each other.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Males are losing interest in females, and despite the availability of a large amount of water and food, there is no increase in population.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Similar effects were observed in situations of overcrowding in rabbits and deer [5].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Picacism


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Picacism is still poorly documented ingestion of inedible substances.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

In non-humanoid animals, it was studied by taking kaolin (a clay mineral) by rats.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

In rats, kaolin was absorbed by administering various emetic stimuli, such as copper sulfate, apomorphine, cisplatin, as well as by movement.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Rats cannot vomit when they take a harmful substance, so picacism in rats is similar to vomiting in other species; it is a way for rats to relieve gastrointestinal upset.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[6] In some animals, picacism seems to be an adaptive trait, but in others it looks like a real psychopathology, as is the case with some chickens.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Chickens can show a type of picacism when they are deprived of food (feeding restrictions were adopted in the egg industry to cause molting).


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

They increase the consumption of inedible substances, they peck at the structural features of the environment — wood or wire on fences, or the feathers of other birds.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This is a typical response that occurs when feeding is limited or completely canceled.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Some types of picacism may be associated with the redirection of behavior from food to the environment.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[7] Another animal that has shown a more complex example of picacism is cattle.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Cattle eat bones when phosphorus is deficient.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

However, in some cases, picacism persists even after their phosphorus levels stabilize and they receive adequate doses of phosphorus in their diet.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

In this case, the data supports both physical and psychological adaptive responses.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Cattle continue to eat bones after their phosphorus levels return to normal, due to psychological reinforcement.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

“The persistence of picacism in the apparent absence of a physiological cause may be associated with the accidental acquisition of a painful condition during a period of physiological threat.”


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Cats also show picacism in their natural environment, and there is evidence to support that this behavior has a psychological aspect.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Some breeds (such as the Siamese) are more likely to exhibit this type of behavior than other breeds, but certain breed species have been specifically documented to show picacism.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

It has been observed that cats begin to chew and absorb non-nutrients such as wool, cotton, rubber, plastic, and even cardboard, and then begin to swallow these substances.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This type of behavior occurs during the first four years of a cat's life, but is primarily observed in the first two months of life when cats are introduced into new homes, which is the most common phenomenon [8].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Theories that explain why this behavior becomes active suggest that early weaning and stress resulting from separation from the mother and animals from the brood and the impact of the new environments.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Eating hair and other substances can be a calming mechanism that cats develop to cope with change.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Picacism is also observed mainly in 6-8 months of a cat's life, when territorial and sexual forms of behavior arise.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Picacism can be caused by social stressors.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[8] Other theories considered include the redirection of behavior from catching prey for food to picacism as a result of animals being indoors, which is especially common among eastern breeds due to the risk of theft.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[8] Under natural conditions, picacism was observed in parrots (such as macaws), other birds and mammals.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Charles Mann studied Amazonian ar licking clay from the Amazon riverbeds to neutralize the seeds they eat.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Amazon macaws spend two to three hours a day licking clay.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[9] Mann discovered that clay helps counter the tannin and alkaloid in seeds that absorb macaw, a strategy that is also used by local cultures in the Andes Mountains in Peru.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Picacism also affects pets.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

While drugs like Prozac are often able to reduce unpleasant behavior in pet dogs, they don't seem to help with eating disorder.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The following story is about Bumbly, a Wire Fox Terrier who appeared on the 20/20 show as a result of his eating disorder (taken from a book by Dr. Nicholas Dodman).


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[10] The problem with this dog was stalking (otherwise known as shadow chase).


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

She spent hours chasing shadows, even digging the ground under a plasterboard wall to chase her illusions... The only thing that was clearly not shown on the show was that Bumbly ate everything in sight , and the house had to be “protected from Bumbly” against his relentless ingestion of everything its owners left behind... He had already had surgery to relieve intestinal obstruction caused by his habit, and Every day, its owners returned home in awe, fearing that Bumbly might have eaten something else


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Dodman talks about new studies related to bulimia and compulsive overeating for seizures in patients.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

He suggests that antiepileptic drugs may be a possible treatment for some cases of picacism in animals.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Behavioral disorders


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Behavioral disorders are difficult to study in animal models because it is difficult to understand what animals think and because the models used to classify psychopathology are experimental.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Can a monkey effectively communicate that it is sad or that it feels depressed?


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

It is not possible to use language to study behavioral disorders, such as depression and stress factors, to determine the reliability of the studies carried out.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

It can be difficult to classify human suffering as an animal-related area.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Obsessive compulsive disorder


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Obsessive compulsive behavior in animals, often referred to as “stereotypical” or “stereotyped behavior”, can be defined as a specific, unnecessary action (or series of actions) that is repetitive more often than expected.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

It is not known whether animals are able to suffer obsessions in the same way as humans, and the motivation for compulsive actions in animals is unknown, so the term “abnormal repetitive behavior” is less is misleading.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

A wide variety of animals exhibit behaviors that can be considered abnormally repetitive.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Ritual and stereotypical behavior


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

While obsessive compulsive behavior is often considered pathological or inadequate, some ritualized and stereotyped behaviors are useful.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

These are known as fixed activity templates.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

These behaviors sometimes share characteristics with obsessive compulsive behavior, including a high degree of similarity in shape, use among many people, and repetitive aspects.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

There are many observed animal species with characteristic, highly conservative patterns.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Care in rats is one example.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This behavior is determined by a certain sequence of actions that usually does not differ between individual rats.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The rat starts stroking the mustache, then expands the stroking motion to include the eyes and ears, finally moving on to licking both sides of its body.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[11] Other behaviors may be added to the end of this chain, but these four actions are fixed in themselves.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The ubiquity and high degree of stereotyping indicate that this is a useful pattern of behavior that has been maintained throughout the history of evolution.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Pathological stereotypical behaviors also exist in animals, but they do not necessarily provide a similar pattern for OCD in humans.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Feather picking from Venezuelan Amazons has a genetic component, with behavior more likely in one sibling if another does and more common in parrots near the door when they are are placed in groups.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[12] In the same study, it was found that feather picking was more common in females and that this was not a social transmission of behavior; also neighbors of feather-picking birds were more common were likely to show behavior if they were related.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Evolutionary basis


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Some researchers believe that disadvantageous obsessive-compulsive behavior can be seen as a normal profitable process that has gone too far.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Brunet (Brüne, 2006) suggests that changes in different origins in the striatum and frontal brain chains, which play a role in predicting the needs and threats that may may lead to a hyperactive system for the prevention of cognitive harm, when a person begins to consciously and unreasonably fear an unlikely or impossible event.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[13] This may be true for animals as well.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Genetic factors


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Dog compulsions are more common in some breeds, and behavioral dispositions are often found in the same brood.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This suggests that there is a genetic factor in the disorder.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

A questionnaire for dog owners and a blood sample of 181 dogs from four breeds, miniature and standard bull terriers, German shepherds and Staffordshire bull terriers showed that they are more susceptible to compulsive and repetitive behavior.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[14] It is assumed that the more we learn by studying OCD in dogs, the more we will be able to understand the human biology and genetics involved in heredity susceptibility to disorders such as OKR.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[15] Dogs have been found to have chromosome 7, which poses a high risk of susceptibility to OCD.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[16] It was found that dog chromosome 7 is most significantly associated with obsessive compulsive disorder in dogs, or more specifically canine compulsive disorder (SCD).


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This breakthrough helped further link OCD in humans to SCR in dogs.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Chromosome 7 is expressed in the hippocampus of the brain, the same area where it is expressed in humans.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Thus, participation in treatment responses for both humans and dogs suggests more research that these two creatures exhibit symptoms and respond to treatment in a similar way way.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This data can help scientists find more effective ways to treat OCD in humans through the information they find from studying SCR in dogs.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Animal models


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Animals that exhibit obsessive and compulsive behaviors similar to OCD in humans were used as a tool to find out possible genetic effects on the disease, potential treatment methods and a better understanding of the pathology of this behavior as a whole.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

While such models are useful, they are also limited; it is not clear whether the behavior is egodistonic in animals.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

That is, it is difficult to assess whether the animal knows that its behavior is excessive and unreasonable, and whether this awareness is a source of concern.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

One study by Simon Vermeyer used neuroimaging to study serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in 9 dogs with canine compulsive disorder (SCR) to measure the availability of serotonin 2A receptors.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Compared to the 15 non-compulsive dogs used as a control group, dogs with TFR showed a decrease in receptor availability, as well as a decrease in subcortical perfusion and hypothalamic availability.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The results of this study indicate the presence of unbalanced serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways in dogs.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The similarities between other studies on human OCD provide the credibility of the design for this study, indicating that the study will be relevant and useful for continuing research on brain activity and treatment with drugs for obsessive compulsive disorder.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Certain drugs were given to dogs with SCR to observe their reactions and how they are similar or different from how humans would respond to the same pharmaceutical or behavioral treatment .


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

It was found that the combination of the two approaches is most effective in reducing the intensity and regularity of SCR in dogs and humans [18].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Pharmacologically, clomipramine has been found to be more effective than the alternative chemical, amitriptyline, in treating dogs.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

One study by Karen Overell found that by combining behavioral therapy with more effective clomipramine, TFR symptoms decreased by more than 50% for all dogs involved in study [18].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

It is generally recognized that SCR is not something that can be completely cured, but such studies are still important as obsessive compulsive disorder can be controlled sufficiently effective so that it does not interfere with life that is valuable and often distorted for those who suffer from the disorder.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Alicia Graf's article [19] contains some bold statements that dogs are the future in understanding how to better diagnose, recognize and treat obsessive compulsive disorder in people.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

There is evidence to support her claims, but the relationship between the TFR and the OCD is unclear.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

So far, research has shown that effective treatments in dogs are equally effective for humans, but there are still many unknown things.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Obsessive compulsive disorder is a unique mental disorder that cannot be completely cured.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

It can be controlled and understood, and one possible way to do this better might be by studying SCR in dogs.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

The study of dogs that exhibit compulsive behavior has led scientists to genetic breakthroughs in understanding how biology and genetic factors are related to obsessive compulsive disorder.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

By observing and studying how SCR manifests itself in brain activity, behavior and genes of diagnosed dogs, scientists were able to use their newfound information to develop better diagnostic tests and more easily recognize symptoms and predisposed people.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Such brain functions and behaviors in dogs with SCR and people with OCD show that they have a relationship not only with behavior and symptoms, but also with response to treatment.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Understanding canine compulsive disorder in dogs has helped scientists better understand and apply their research to developing new and more effective treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder people have.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Below are some examples of how rats and mice, two of the most common animal models, are used to represent human OCD.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Pressure on the lever in rats


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Some laboratory rat species, which have been created by controlled reproduction for many generations, show a higher tendency to compulsive behavior than others.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Lewis rats exhibit more intrusive behavior when pressing the lever than Sprag-Dowley or Wistar rats, and are less sensitive to the anticopulsive drug paroxetine.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[20] In this study, rats were taught to press a lever to get food.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Once food was no longer provided when they pressed the lever and rats were expected to stop pressing it.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Lewis rats pressed the lever more often than the other two types, although they presumably learned that they would not receive food, but continued to press it more often even after treatment with the drug.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Analyzing the genetic differences between the three rat species can help identify genes that may be responsible for compulsive behavior.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Rats were also used to test for a possible problem with dopamine levels in the brain of animals that exhibit compulsive control behavior.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

After treatment of rats with quinpyrol, a chemical that specifically blocks dopamine D2/D3 receptors, compulsive control of some open areas has increased [21].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Some components of behavior testing, such as the level of stereotype on the way animals taken to audited sites, the number of checks and the duration of the tests, indicated an increase in compulsivity as quinpyrol doses increase; other components, such as the time taken to return from the verified location to the starting point and the time spent on this journey, remained constant after initial injection throughout the experiment.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This means that in the biology of the dopamine deficiency model, OCD can be both general and absent and a sensitizing aspect.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

In addition, quinpyrol can reduce the feeling of satisfaction in rats after they have checked the location, causing them to return to the place again and again.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Estrogen deficiency in male mice


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Based on the results of changes in OCD symptoms during menstruation in women and differences in the development of the disease between men and women, Hill and colleagues set out to investigate the effect of estrogen on development of compulsive behavior in mice.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[22] Males with the aromatase gene turned off, who were unable to produce estrogen, showed excessive care and running on the wheel, but female mice did not.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

When treated with 17β-estradiol, which replaced estrogen in these mice, the behavior disappeared.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This study also found that COMT protein levels decrease in mice that do not produce estrogen and increase in the hypothalamus after estrogen replacement treatment.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

In short, the KOMT protein is involved in the degradation of some neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

These data suggest that the hormonal component and the effect of hormone-gene interaction can contribute to obsessive behavior.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Pets


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Dr. Nicholas Dodman describes a wide variety of OCD-like behaviors in his book Dogs That Behave Badly [23].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

This behavior usually occurs when the dog is placed in a stressful situation, including an environment that does not stimulate them much, or in dogs that have been abused.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

It seems that different dog breeds exhibit different compulsions.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Granuloma face or licking until skin sores affecting larger dogs such as Labradors, Golden Retrievers, Great Danes, as well as Bull Terriers, German Shepherds, Old English Shepherds, Rottweilers, Wire Fox Terriers, and English Springer Spaniels that are more likely to catch imaginary flies or chase light and shadows.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

These associations probably have an evolutionary basis, although Dodman does not clearly explain this aspect of behavior.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Louis Schuster and Nicholas Dodman noticed that dogs often exhibit human-like obsessive compulsive behavior.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[24] Canine Compulsive Disorder (SCD) is not only common to certain dog breeds, but breeds can also affect specific types of compulsions.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Bull Terriers, for example, often exhibit compulsively predatory or aggressive behavior.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

[25] Most often, SCR manifests itself in dogs as repetitive behaviors, such as chasing their tails, chewing objects compulsively, or licking their paws excessively, similar to frequent hand washing with which Many people experience obsessive compulsive disorder [16].


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Hallucinations and an air attack around the head, as if there was an insect, is another compulsion that has been seen in some dogs.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Whirling, biting the tail, gazing, and sometimes barking are other behaviors that are considered compulsions in dogs when excessive, repetitive actions are performed.


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Treatment (pharmaceutical)


Question: What does the behavior of lean sow syndrome mean?

Animal psychopathology

Dodman advocates for the use of exercise, an enriched environment (such as giving noises to dogs to listen while owners are working), and often prozac (SSRIs are used to treat OCD in people) as a treatment.