Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

They felt, apparently, thumbs up in the service of the Pharaoh, as later images show them fighting in Syria and Palestine at the forefront of Ramesses's warriors.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Successes in internal affairs


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Certain successes have been achieved in domestic affairs.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the autumn of the first year of his reign, Ramesses appointed his faithful Nebunenef, who previously held the post of first priest of the Tini god Onuris (An-Hara), to the vacant place of the first priest Amon.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the third year of Ramesses's reign, water was finally found at a depth of 6 meters in the gold mines in Wadi Alaki, which significantly increased gold production there.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

First name


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Name typeHieroglyphic spellingTransliteration — Russian-language voweling — Translation “Horovo name”


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

(as Choir) k-nt Mrj-mt — ka-naht Meri Maat —


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

“Powerful bull loving truth” is identical to the previous C177 identical to the previous C18ck-nt Mrj-mt Nb-BW-SD-MJ-JT.F-PT-tnn —


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

“Mighty bull, loved by truth, lord of the holidays cheb-sed, like his father Bird” k-nt Mrj-r-nt Mrj-r-ptpt-st-st-nb (t) -r-bwj.fk-nt j-r-mtk-nt j-wstk-nt sm-ptjk-nt wsr-ptjk-nt wr-ptjk-nt Z-jtmk-nt -r-pš.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

fk-nt wr-ntw -r-pš.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

fk-nt wsr-pšk-n-nt wz-mtk-nt wsr-pšk-nt spd-bwjk-nt qj-j-tk-nt wsr-pšk-n-n-nt qj-tk-nt wsr-pšk-t-n-n-t t z-twjk-nt mn-jb m-ptjk-nt wr bw-sd mrj-twjk-nt s-S-tjwk-n-t n-r-s-tjwk-n- qw C18cwr-bw (-sd) -Mj-ttnn “Nebti Name”


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

(as Mr. Double Crown) Mk-kmt wf.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

-Swtmk-KMT wf.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

-swt R-Msj-nrw grg-twj —


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

“The brave man of Egypt who inherited foreign countries, a product of the gods that put two lands in order” O43B


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Šzp-nrj-n-prjwr-šfjt mk-kmt —


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Uer Shefit-Mek-Kemet —


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

“Dear defender of Egypt” Smn-MNW-M-JPT-RSJ (t) -n-jt.f-jmn-dj-sw-r-nst.f V71j-r-mj-tj-n-w mj-r-pš.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

f mk-mšw.fsr-pw-sw jnj-pwj-t“ Golden Name”


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

(as the Golden Choir) wsr-rnpwt -ntw — “Strong for years, great victories” identical to the previous -pš mry-twj — aa-hepesh mery-taui —


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

“Initiative and beloved in Both Countries” wsr-pš Mrj-twjw-mj-jmj-wst-wt-n-msj-swsm-pš dr-pt-9wr-ntw-r-st-st-nst-nbtwr-fw smm-pš m-ptjwf.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

-swt dr-bšw “Throne Name”


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

(as the king of Upper and Lower Egypt) WSR-Mt-R— User-Maat-ra —


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

“Powerful by Truth Ra” is identical to the previous one identical to the previous one, identical to the previousWSR-MT-RWSR-MT-RQ-WST — User-Maat-Ra Heka Huaset —


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

“Strong Truth Ra, Lord of Thebes” WSR-MT-RJW-RWSR-MT-Rwsr-Mrj-Rwsr-Mt-t-RSTP.n-RIdentical to the previousWSR-mt-rt-nb-pšidentical to the previousWSR-Mt-rt-nb-pšidentical to the previousWSR-MRT-stp.n-rptj-mj- MnWwsr-Mt-R“ Personal Name”


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

(as son of Ra) R-Msj-sw Mrj-jmn — Ra-mesi su Mery-amon —


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

“Born Ra, beloved by Amon” is identical to the previousidentical to the previousidentical to the previousidentical to the previousidentical to the previousidentical to the previousidentical previousidentical to the previousIdentical to the previousR-Msj-sw Mrj-jmn Nr-q-jwnw — Ra-mesi su Mery-amon Neter-heka-Iunu—


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

“Born Ra, loved by Amon, divine lord of Heliopolis” is identical to the previousidentical to the previous R-Msj-sw Mrj-Jmn Mrwtj-mj-jtmr-Msj-sw Mrj-jmn WR-Mnwr-Msj-sw Mrj-Jmn WR-Mnwr-Msj-sw Mrj-jmnss (j) -sw mrj-jmnss-swsw


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Diodorus of Sicily calls Ramesses II Osimandius (Ancient Greek: Sumandia) [1], apparently raising this name from the throne name of Ramesses - User-Maat-ra (or “Uashmuariya”, as the Semites wrote).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Hittite War


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The first hike


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Having thus strengthened the state, Ramesses began to prepare for a big war with the Hittites.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Since Ramesses called the “second expedition” the campaign that ended with the Battle of Kadesh in his 5th year of reign, it can be assumed that the stele erected in Year 4 at Nahr el-Kelb, north of Beirut, is a reminder of the first campaign.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Despite the fact that almost the entire text is lost, the image of Ra-Khorakhti reaching out to the king leading the prisoner allows us to talk about a military event.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Apparently, in the 4th year of his reign, Ramesses undertook his first campaign to Western Asia, aimed at subjugating the sea coast of Palestine and Phoenicia, as a necessary prerequisite for further successful fighting the Hittites.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

During this campaign, Ramesses took the city of Berit and reached the Eleutheros River (El Kebira, “Dog River”), where he erected his memorial stele.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The fact that Nahr el-Kelb is located in the territory occupied by the Amurru tribes probably indicates the subordination of King Ammur Benteshin to the Egyptian authorities.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This happened primarily due to the intensification of the Hittite raids, while the Egyptian presence guaranteed at least some calm.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

It was this event that led to the declaration of war between Ramesses II and the Hittite ruler Muvatalli II: this is quite clear from the text of the treaty signed by Shaushkamuya, son of Benteshin and Tudhalia, son of Muvatalli.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Battle of Kadesh


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Egyptian army


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the spring of the 5th year of his reign, Ramesses, having gathered more than 20,000 troops, left the border fortress of Chilu on a second campaign.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

29 days later, counting from the day of the speech from Chile, four Egyptian military units named after Amon, Ra, Ptah and Seth, each of which had about 5,000 soldiers, set up camp at a distance one crossing from Kadesh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

One of the formations, called “well done” in Canaan (neaarim), and compiled by the Pharaoh, apparently from the most selected warriors, was sent along the sea coast even earlier, for subsequent reunification with Kadesh has the main forces.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The next day, in the morning, an army of thousands of Egyptians began crossing the Oront at Shabtun (later known to Jews as Ribla).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Misled by Hittite infiltrators sent to the Egyptian camp, who claimed that the Hittites had retreated far north to Aleppo, Ramesses with one Amon compound that had already crossed, did not waiting for the rest of the troops to cross, he moved to Kadesh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Hittite army


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the north, on a small cape at the confluence of Oronta with its left tributary, the battlements and towers of Kadesh were piled up.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

And in the plain beyond the river, northeast of the fortress, hidden by the city in full combat readiness, stood the entire army of the Hittite Kingdom and its allies.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

According to Egyptian sources, the Hittite army consisted of 3,500 chariots with three soldiers each and 17 thousand infantry.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The total number of soldiers was approximately 28 thousand.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

But the Hittite army was utterly mixed and largely mercenary.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In addition to Hittite warriors, almost all Anatolian and Syrian kingdoms were represented in it: Artsakh, Lucca, Kitzzuvatna, Aravanna, Euphrates Syria, Karkemish, Halab, Ugarit, Nuhashshe, Kadesh, nomadic tribes and so forth.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Each of these diverse allies came under the command of their rulers, and, therefore, it was extremely difficult for Muvatalli to manage all this hoard.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

King Hatti Muvatalli had every reason to avoid fighting the Egyptians in open combat.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

It was difficult to count on such hordes to defeat the Egyptian army in open combat, united, well-trained and guided by a single will.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The ensuing sixteen years of struggle showed that Hatti's troops avoided battles in the open field and sat more in Syrian fortresses.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In any case, none of the countless monuments of Ramesses II show a single major battle with the Hutty kingdom outside the city walls after the Battle of Kadesh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

But the Battle of Kadesh itself proves that the Hittites hoped more for deception and surprise attack than for their military force.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Battle


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

After crossing the Oront, the Ra compound did not wait for the Bird and Seth connections, which had not even reached the ford yet, and went north to meet the Pharaoh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Meanwhile, south of Kadesh, out of sight of the Egyptians, concentrated the bulk of the enemy's chariot troops.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The crossing of his chariots over the Oront, apparently, took place in advance and passed unnoticed by the Egyptians.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Ra formation in a marching order, not ready for battle, was attacked by enemy chariots, and was dispersed with lightning speed, and the chariots collapsed on the Amon formation, which was engaged in the breakdown of the camp.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Some of the Egyptian soldiers fled, and some, together with the pharaoh, were surrounded.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Egyptians suffered huge losses.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses managed to rally his guard around him and take up all-round defense.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses was saved from inevitable defeat only by the fact that the Hittite infantry could not cross the stormy waters of Oront and did not come to the aid of their chariots.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Lucky coincidence — the unexpected appearance on the battlefield of another Egyptian formation, the one that went by the sea, somewhat rectified the situation, and the Egyptians were able to hold out until evening, when Kadesh was approached by the Bird compound.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Hittites were forced to retreat behind Oront, receiving, in turn, damage when crossing the river.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Two brothers of the Hittite king Muvatalli, several military leaders and many other noble Hittites and their allies were killed in this battle.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The next day, in the morning, Ramesses again attacked the Hittite army, but it was not possible to defeat the enemy in this battle either.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In any case, no source says that Pharaoh took possession of Kadesh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The bloodless opponents were clearly unable to defeat each other.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Hittite king Muwatalli offered Pharaoh a truce, which gave Ramesses the opportunity to retreat with honor and safely return to Egypt.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Hittite king successfully continued his actions in order to subordinate Amurra and, as a result, removed the ruler Benteshin.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Hittites even advanced further south and captured the country of Ube (that is, the oasis of Damascus), formerly owned by Egypt.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Sources about the Battle of Kadesh


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Battle of Kadesh greatly impressed Ramesses II, who ordered to reproduce the story of this event and grandiose panoramic “illustrations” to it on the walls of many temple complexes, including Abydos, Karnak, Luxor, Ramesseum and Abu Simbel.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The main sources that tell about what happened are three different texts: a long detailed story with lyrical digressions included — the so-called “Pentaur Poem”; a short story dedicated to to the events of the battle itself — “Report” and comments on relief compositions.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Several Hittite documents also mention the Battle of Kadesh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Capture of Dapur


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Sources regarding the further course of the war with the Hittites are very scarce, and the order of events is not entirely reliable.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The wars in Asia that Ramesses II waged after his fifth year of reign were primarily caused by the new strengthening of the Hittite kingdom, the hostility of the Syrian north, and the loss of Amurrah.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In his 8th year in power, Ramesses again invaded Western Asia.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The result of this campaign was the capture of Dapur.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

With the help of his sons, Ramesses besieged and took this strategically important fortress.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses considered the capture of Dapur, depicted on the walls of the Ramesseum, one of his most glorious deeds.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He gave this feat second place after the “victory” near Kadesh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Dapur, located, according to Egyptian texts, “in the country of Amur, in the region of the city of Tunis”, probably had already entered the Hittite Empire by this time, as some sources say about his and at the same time “in Hutty Country”.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

As usual, the attack was preceded by a battle on the plain under the fortress, and soon it itself was taken, and a representative of King Hatti came out to Ramesses, leading a calf intended as a gift to Pharaoh, accompanied by women carrying vessels and baskets of bread.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The defeat of Syria and Phoenicia


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

By the time of Ramesses II, the military art of the Egyptians had stepped far ahead compared to the slow techniques of Thutmose III, who founded the “Egyptian world power” two centuries earlier.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He preferred to starve the fortified cities and often, failing to achieve his goal, devastated the surrounding gardens and fields in impotent anger.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

On the contrary, the wars of Ramesses II turned into a continuous seizure by attack of large and small fortresses.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

With the difficult situation in which the Egyptians found themselves in Syria-Palestine, Pharaoh could not waste time on a long siege.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The list of cities “captured by His Majesty” in Asia is preserved on the Ramesseum wall.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Many place names are poorly preserved, some are still not localized.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the country of Keda, possibly located on the outskirts of Anatolia, a fortified city with a magnificent princely palace was taken.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Apparently, at the same time, Acre on the Phoenician coast, Jenoam on the border with southern Lebanon, and other northern Palestinian cities were taken and looted, also mentioned in the Ramesseum list.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Although none of the documents indicate the capture of Kadesh, but due to the fact that Ramesses made conquests far north of this city, the latter was undoubtedly captured by the Egyptians.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses also took the city of Tunip, where he erected his own statue.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

But when Ramesses returned to Egypt, the Hittites again occupied Tunip, and in the 10th year of his reign, Ramesses was forced to take the city again.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Moreover, during this time, an incident happened to him again; Ramesses, for some reason, even had to fight without armor, but the information about this feat, unfortunately, is too sketchy to accurately compile have an idea of what happened to him.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This event is mentioned in the text of the stele in the Nahr el-Kelb Valley.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The continuation of hostilities


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Apparently, during the Ramesses struggle in Syria or a little later, there was some turmoil in Palestine.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

An undated scene in Karnak depicts the subordination of the city of Ascalon.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In 18, Ramesses fought near the city of Beit Sheana.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Between the 11th and 20th years of his reign, Ramesses was busy consolidating Egyptian rule in Palestine.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Undated military campaigns are depicted on the walls of Luxor, Karnak and Abydos.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Among the reliefs of Luxor, mention is made of the military campaign in the Moab region; it is also known that Ramesses fought with the Shasu tribes in the south of the Dead Sea in the Seir area, later renamed Edom.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

To the east of Lake Gennisaret, Ramses put up a slab to commemorate his visit to the area.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Ramesseum list mentions Bet Anat, Kanah and Merom, cities that, by biblical tradition, are located in Galilee.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses's inscriptions claim that he conquered Naharina (Euphrates regions), Nizhny Rechena (North. Syria), Arvad, Keftiu (Fr. Cyprus), Katnu.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

However, despite the large number of victories, the “world” power of Thutmose III was not fully restored: in all his endeavors Ramesses was hampered by the kingdom of Hatti, being the support of the small princes of Syria-Palestine.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ultimately, Northern Syria and even the Amurru kingdom were left to the Hatti kingdom.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Only in the coastal strip, according to Egyptian sources, the possessions of the pharaoh reached, at least, Simira.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Treaty of Peace between Egypt and the Hittite Kingdom


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

With the death of Muvatalli, probably in the 10th year of Ramesses II's reign, relations between Egypt and Hatti improved markedly.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Muvatalli's son, Urhi-Teshub, inherited the throne under the name Mursili III, but was soon removed by his uncle Hattusili III, who made peace with Egypt.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

It may be that the formation of a strong Assyrian power and related fears gradually contributed to the reconciliation of rivals.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

At the beginning of the winter of 21 years of the reign of Ramesses II, Ambassador Hattusili, accompanied by an Egyptian interpreter, arrived in the capital of Pharaoh Per-Ramesses and presented the Egyptian king, on behalf of his lord, a silver a plaque with a cuneiform text of the contract, certified by seals depicting King and Queen Hatti in the arms of their deities.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The treaty was translated into Egyptian and later immortalized on the walls of Karnak and Ramesseum.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The text of the agreement that Pharaoh sent to Hattusili in exchange for his plaque was also cuneiform, compiled in the then international Akkadian language.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Its fragments have been preserved in the Bogazkoy Archives.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Basically, the treaty was aimed at ensuring the mutual inviolability of possessions and providing assistance, infantry and chariots, in the event of an attack on one of the contracting parties or an uprising subjects.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Both sides have committed themselves to extraditing defectors.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This was the first diplomatically executed agreement in world history that has survived to this day.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Whether due to the signing of this treaty or due to poor health, the period of active military campaigns of Ramesses II has come to an end.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The time of active diplomatic correspondence between the two countries has begun.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Messages from Ramesses II, his family and Vezir Paser addressed to King Hattusili III and his wife Puduhepa were found in the Bogazkoy Archives.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Egyptian doctors were often sent to the Hittite court.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses's marriage to Hittite princesses


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The consequence of the treaty, thirteen years after its signing, in the 34th year of the reign of the Egyptian pharaoh, was the marriage of Ramesses II and the eldest daughter Hattusili, who took the Egyptian name Maathornefrur (” Seeing the beauty of the Sun”, that is, Pharaoh).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The princess became not one of the secondary wives of the king, as was usually the case with foreigners at the Egyptian court, but the “great” wife of the pharaoh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The meeting of the future queen was arranged very solemnly.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The princess was accompanied by her father's warriors.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

A lot of silver, gold and copper were carried in front of her, slaves and horses stretched “endlessly”, whole herds of bulls, goats and sheep moved.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

From the Egyptian side, the princess was accompanied by the “royal son Kush”.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

King Hutty's daughter “was brought to His Majesty, and she fell to His Majesty's heart.”


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

On the reliefs of the stele in Abu Simbel, which tells about this event, Hattusili III is depicted accompanying his daughter to Egypt; indeed, a letter from Ramesses II with a proposal was found in Bogazkey's archive father-in-law to visit Egypt, but it is not known for certain whether such a trip was carried out.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The second daughter of Hattucilis III also became Ramesses's wife.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The exact date of this marriage is unknown, but it happened shortly before the death of the Hittite king, around 42 of the reign of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Expanding global trade


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Peace between Egypt and Asia has been established for more than half a century, which caused an “explosion” of trade activity in the region.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

For many cities, such as Ugarit, this era was a time of unprecedented growth and economic prosperity.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Since that time, relations between Egypt and Asia have undergone qualitative changes.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Previously, participants in Egyptian military campaigns with prey returned to the banks of the Nile, but now some of them have stayed to live in many Syrian-Palestinian cities.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In any case, such a population was recorded under Ramesses III (XX dynasty).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Construction activities


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Per Ramesses Foundation


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses is characterized by an extremely extensive construction activity.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The war against the Hittites prompted Ramesses to move his residence to the northeastern part of the Delta, possibly on the site of the former capital of the Hyksos, Avaris, the city of Per Ramses (full name Pi-ria-Mase- Sa-mai-Amana, “The House of Ramesses Loved by Amon”).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Per Ramesses has become a big and flourishing city, with a magnificent temple.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Above the huge pylons of this temple stood the monolithic Ramesses colossus made of granite, more than 27 m high and weighing 900 tons.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This colossus was visible from miles away from the flat plain surrounding the Delta.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Wadi Tumilat, along which the Nile Canal, which probably already passed east to the Big and Small Gorky Lakes, which is a natural route of communication between Egypt and Asia, was also the subject of careful Ramesses's concerns.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Pharaoh built on it, halfway to the Suez Isthmus, the “warehouse yard” by Pyth, or the “House of Atum”.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

At the western end of Wadi Tumilat, he continued the construction of the city founded by his father, known as Tel el Yehudiye, located just north of Heliopolis.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses built temples in Memphis, of which only meager remains have been preserved; buildings in Heliopolis, of which nothing remains at all.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses also built in Abydos, where he finished his father's magnificent temple, but was not content with it and erected his own funeral temple near the Temple of Seti.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses ordered another memorial temple to be built in Thebes.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This temple (the so-called Ramesseum), built by architect Penra, was surrounded by a brick wall, inside which there were storerooms, outbuildings and dwellings for an army of priests and servants.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The granite monolithic statue in front of the Ramesseum pylons, although slightly lower than in Per Ramesses, weighed 1000 tons.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses expanded the Luxor Temple by adding a vast courtyard and pylons.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He also completed the construction of the colossal Hypostyle Hall of the Karnak Temple, the largest building in terms of size, both ancient and new.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This hall covered an area of 5,000 square meters. The twelve columns on the sides of the middle passage of the Hypostyle Hall were 21 m high, and together with the finials (architraves) and crossbars resting on them - 24 m. At the top of such a column, 100 people could be accommodated.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The remaining 126 columns, located in 7 rows on each side of the middle passage, had a height of 13 m.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In Nubia, in Abu Simbel, a huge cave temple was cut down in a steep cliff.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The entrance to this temple, carved in the form of a pylon, was decorated with 4 statues of Ramesses, 20 meters high, embodying the idea of glorifying the power of the pharaoh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

A cave temple dedicated to his wife, Queen Nefertari Merenmouth, was cut down nearby.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

However, during construction, Ramesses destroyed the ancient monuments of the country.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Thus, the buildings of Pharaoh Teti (VI dynasty) served as material for the temple of Ramesses in Memphis.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He looted the pyramid of Senusert II in Al-Lahun, destroyed the paved area around it and broke into pieces the magnificent structures that stood in the square in order to obtain material for his of its own church in Herakleopolis.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the Delta, he used monuments of the Middle Kingdom with equal unceremoniousness.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

To get the necessary space to expand the Luxor Temple, Ramesses tore down the exquisite granite chapel of Thutmose III and used the materials obtained in this way.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Wars and huge amounts of money spent on the construction and maintenance of temples ravaged workers, enriching the nobility and priests.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The poor were enslaved, the middle strata gradually lost their economic independence.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses had to resort to the help of mercenaries, which weakened the country's military potential.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

During his long reign, which is rightfully considered one of the eras of the highest prosperity of Egyptian civilization, a huge number of temple complexes and monumental works were created art, including the unique rock temples of Nubia — in Abu Simbel, Wadi es-Sebua, West Amara, Bet el-Wali, Derra, Herf Hussein, Anib, Kaveh, Buchen and Goebel Barkal.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Even more striking is the construction program of the king in Egypt itself: several temples and famous colossi in Memphis; the courtyard and the colossal first pylon of the temple in Luxor, decorated with royal colossi and obelisks; Ramesseum, a funeral complex on the west bank of the Nile in Thebes; the temple in Abydos, the completion of construction and decoration of the grandiose hypostyle hall of the temple of Amon-Ra in Karnak.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In addition, monuments to Ramesses II are recorded in Edfu, Armant, Akhmim, Heliopol, Bubastis, Atribis, Herakleopolis.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Under Ramesses II, a part of the temple of the goddess Hathor was built in Serabit el-Khadim in Sinai.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

As a result, Ramesses II built many statues and temples in his honor in various parts of Egypt.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The largest to date are the four 20-meter statues of sitting Ramesses II in Abu Simbel in the south of the country.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

family


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses wives and children


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Nefertari Merenmuth is the first legal wife to be considered the main queen in the first year of Ramesses's independent reign [2] (as evidenced by the inscription in the tomb of priest Amon Nebunenef).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

She belonged to one of the court families originally from Thebes.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses's marriage to a member of the Theban nobility was politically justified, since the Ramesses family came from the Delta and had no family ties with the Egyptian aristocracy [3].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

There are assumptions about her relationship with Pharaoh Eye from the XVIII dynasty [4] [5], but there is no reliable evidence of this [6].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Nefertari Merenmuth had friendly correspondence with the Hittite Queen Puduhepa, exchanged gifts with her [7] [8].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

At a festival around 1255 BC


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

(between 24 and 26 years of the reign of Ramesses II), in honor of the completion of the construction of two temples of Abu Simbel, the small temple of which was dedicated to her, the eldest daughter Princess Meritamon replaced the already ill mother Queen Nefertari, who passed away the same year [8].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The sons of Ramesses and Nefertari did not survive their father and did not ascend the throne [3].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Nefertari's children are considered [3] [7]:


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Amonhirvenemef — son died as a child;


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Amonherhepchef, who heads all lists of sons of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

It is mentioned in standard temple lists from Ramesseum, Luxor and Derra, as well as on a statue of Turin.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Paracherunemphe is known from several lists, in particular from records in the Abu Simbel temple.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

There is also a scarab with his name.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Meritamon is the daughter of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

It is fourth on the Luxor list, and fifth in the Abu Simbel list.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

She, like Bent-Anat, was buried in the Valley of the Queens and also bore the title “great wife of the king”, received it after the death of her mother [9] [10].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Her image has been preserved in Abu Simbel, and the statue is found in Tanis.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Henuttavi is the seventh daughter of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Merira (Ramery) is Ramesses II's 11th son.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Meriatum is the 16th son of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Seti is the ninth son of Ramesses II, the son of Queen Nefertari Merenmouth, and was still alive in the 53rd year of the reign of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He is depicted during the siege of Dapur and in the war scenes in Karnak.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Perhaps her other children were Bucketmuth, Nefertari, and Nebettawi.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The second legal wife of Ramesses II, perhaps at the same time as Nefertari Merenmouth, was Isitnofret.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Eastnofret is depicted with her children in many monumental structures.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Together with her sons, she is presented in a sculptural group now kept in Paris.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Bent-Anat, the eldest daughter of Ramesses II, topped the Luxor list of his daughters.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Her statues were placed in Sinai, Tanis, Karnak, Abu Simbel.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Her tomb is located in the Valley of the Queens, in the western part of Thebes.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Bent-Anat became the main wife of the king in the 25th year of her father's reign, after the death of her mother.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

There is an assumption that Bent-Anat gave birth to Pharaoh's daughter Bent Anat Jr., depicted on the wall of her tomb QV71 [11] [12].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Rameses is the second son of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He is depicted with his mother and brother Haemouas in a small sculptural group now stored in Paris, as well as on steles in Aswan and Goebel el Silsil.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

It can also be found in the Abu Simbel temple.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

As a deceased, a statue commissioned by his brother's son Haemouas is dedicated to him.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Rameses's ushebti figurine was placed in the Serapeum in the 26th year of the reign of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Haemouas, the fourth son of Ramesses II, was for a long time the most influential at his father's court.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He served as High Priest of Bird in Memphis and was recognized as heir to the throne in the 30th year of the reign of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He appears on three lists of Ramesses II's children.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In his youth, he took part in the wars in Syria, as evidenced by the images and texts in the Ramesseum and Karnak.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

As High Priest of Bird in Memphis, Haemouas is witnessed by ushebti figurines made in connection with the burial ceremony of the sacred Apis bulls on the 16th, 26th, 30th and another unknown year the reign of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

From the 30th to the 40th (or 42nd) of the reign of Ramesses II, Haemuas led four (possibly five) anniversaries of his father's “thirtieth anniversary”.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

As High Priest of Ptah Haemuasu, Ramseca II was succeeded by his brother Merneptah in the 55th year of the reign of Ramseca II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ushabti and tombs of Haemuas are known, as well as various items (breast ornaments, amulets) found in the Serapeum in the burials of Apis bulls.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The British Museum houses a beautiful statue of Haemouas.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Merneptah is the 13th son of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the 55th year of the reign of Ramesses II, he succeeded Haemuas as High Priest Ptah in Memphis.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the same year, he was declared heir to the throne.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

After the death of Ramesses II, he became a pharaoh.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Maathornefrura (Seeing the Beauty of Ra; her Hittite name is unknown) is the third lawful wife of Ramesses II, the eldest daughter of Hittite king Hattusili III and Queen Puduhepa.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The act of diplomatic marriage for 33 years of Ramesses's reign was enshrined in a peace treaty signed years earlier between states [13].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

She arrived at Per Ramesses in February 1245. [


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

According to one version, Maathornefrura lived in the Mer-wer harem (modern Gurob) [15], according to another version, she gave birth to Pharaoh a child and soon died [16].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Maatnefrura is depicted with her father Hattusili III on a stele carved on the south side of the inner hall of the large temple in Abu Simbel, and is presented next to Ramesses II on one of his colossi in Tanisa.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses II's fourth legal wife was another daughter, Hattusili III, but her name is unknown.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Henutmira (“Like Ra”) is the younger sister or daughter of Ramesses II [5] [17].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This hypothesis is supported by the image of Hentmira on the statue of her mother, and, at the same time, the mother of Ramesses II, Queen Tuya, in the Vatican Museum.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

According to surviving sources, her role was modest, she had no sons and, apparently, did not live long.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Its few reliefs on some of the later statues of Ramesses II are known.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

During the forties of the reign of her brother-husband, she died and was buried in the Valley of the Queens (QV75).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

A pink granite sarcophagus with a falcon head belonging to Henutmira was usurped during the XXII dynasty; the monument is kept in the Cairo Museum (JE 60137).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

It is known that in the harem of Ramesses II was also the daughter of the king of Babylon and the daughter of the ruler of the country Zulapi (Northern Syria).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Most of Ramesses' sons and daughters do not have the names of their mothers.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Montuherhepchef, the fifth son of Ramesses II, took part in military campaigns in Asia.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

His scarab is kept in Berlin.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He also appropriated the statue in Bubastis.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Mentucherhopshef was the chief of horses and chariots.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Nebenharu, the sixth son of Ramesses II, participated in the siege of Dapur.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Meriamun is the seventh son of Ramesses II, mentioned in the Ramesseum and depicted in Luxor during the siege of Dapur.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Amenemois, the eighth son of Ramesses II, is represented in the temple in Derra under the name Setimois.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He participated in the siege of Dapur.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The names of princes Setepenra (10th son), Rameri (11th son), Horcherunemef (12th son) and many others are known.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Nebettawi is the daughter of Ramesses II.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

It is depicted next to his colossus Abu Simbel.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Her QV60 tomb is located in the Valley of the Queens.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

She also held the title “wife of the king” and was probably married to her father.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

She later became the wife of someone else, as her daughter Isthmach was not considered the daughter of the king.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

On the front wall of the temple of Abydos, there are images and partly the names of 119 children of Ramesses (59 sons and 60 daughters), which suggest a large number of concubines, except for the legitimate wives we know, and Some count: 111 sons and 67 daughters.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses II genealogy


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Management Board Results


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the northeast of the Nile Delta, where his family came from, Ramesses II founded a new capital on the site of his father's old palace Seti I, Per Ramses (modern. Kantir and Tell al-Dabah).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This city remained the main residence of the kings of the 19th and 20th dynasties.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

However, the religious capital of the country remained in Thebes, and the royal burials were still carved into the rocks of the Valley of the Kings.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The tomb of Ramesses II (KV7) was not completed and is currently in extremely poor condition due to the harmful effects of soil water and heavy rains; his mummy remained there for an extremely short time time because of ancient grave robbers.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

During the reign of Ramesses II, the cults of Amon, Ra, Bird, and Seth enjoyed special veneration; however, it was at this time that Asian influence became increasingly noticeable in the religious life of the country, expressed in the inclusion in the Egyptian pantheon of foreign deities associated with war or the sea element hostile to the Egyptians.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the last years of his reign, Ramesses II was deified as the “Great Soul of Ra-Horakhte”, thus declaring himself the incarnation of the sun god on earth.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses II died in the 67th year of reign and survived 12 of his sons, two of whom, the commander Amenherhepshef and Haemuas, held the title of heir to the throne for a particularly long time.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Egyptian throne was inherited by the 13th son of the pharaoh - Merneptah, son of Queen Isitnofret I, by this time - a middle-aged man.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He was the first of several heirs to Ramesses II, whose brief reign ended the 19th dynasty.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

A thousand years after the reign of Ramesses II, his cult flourished in Memphis and Abydos.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The legacy of the image of the king and his sons in ancient Egyptian and ancient legends and legends was very indicative.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In Thebes around 300 BC. e.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

the priests of the god Khonsu, to maintain the authority of their temple, erected a massive stele in the sanctuary of God, the text of which, describing the journey of the healing statue of the god Khonsu to the country of Bakhtan, was inspired Ramesses II's Asian campaigns and his wedding to Hittite princesses.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In September 2008, during excavations in the Ain Shams area in eastern Cairo, a team of Egyptian archaeologists discovered the ruins of the temple of Pharaoh Ramesses II, and fragments of a giant statue were also found in the area Ramesses II [18].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Posthumous fate


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses's body in ancient times was buried by priests five times (reburied four) - because of grave robbers.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He was first moved from his own tomb to the tomb of his father Seti I.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

She was mugged.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Then the mummy was reburied in the tomb of Queen Imhapi.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

She was also mugged.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Then they were transferred to the tomb of Pharaoh Amenhotep I.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Finally, in the end, the priests hid the mummy of Ramesses with the mummies of other robbed pharaohs (Thutmose III, Ramses III) in the rock cache of Herichor in modern Deir el-Bahri [19].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the second half of the 19th century, this cache was discovered by an Arab family of grave robbers led by Sheikh Abd el-Rasul, who gradually sold valuables from there to European tourists [19].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This attracted the attention of the Egyptian authorities.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The Egyptian Antiquities Service conducted a whole special operation to identify the source of income, and as a result, the sheikh was forced to disclose the location of the rock underground cache of Deir el-Bahri 320, built by order of King Herichor in the 11th century BC.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

As a result, the well-preserved mummy of the pharaoh was discovered there in 1881 among other robbed royal bodies and became available to science.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the Cairo Museum, where the mummy of the pharaoh was kept, scientists noticed the destructive effects of fungi in contact with the air and decided to send the mummy to the Museum of Man in Paris for conservation.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

On September 26, 1976, a military aircraft carrying the remains of Ramesses II landed at Le Bourget International Airport.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The flight was met by Alice Saunter‐Seite, Secretary of State for University Affairs, and an army detachment.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the sterile room of the Paris Ethnological Museum, scientists spent several months engaged in the general conservation and study of the pharaoh's mummy [20] [21].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Studies have shown that Ramesses was tall (1.90 m), fair-skinned with leukoderm and red hair, and belonged to the Mediterranean type close to the African Berbers “[22] [23].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Other facts


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The discovery of the wreckage of one of the statues of Ramesses with an inscription inspired Percy Shelley to create the poem “Ozymandia” (1817) [24] [25] (see the text of the sonnet translated by K. D. Balmont).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses the Great was presumably left-handed and red-haired [26].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses II was presumably born on February 22 and ascended the throne on October 20.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

At Abu Simbel Shrine, light is falling on the chest and crown of his statue these days.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The fact is controversial, since Abu Simbel was postponed.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

One of the assumptions is that Ramesses II ruled during the Exodus of Jews from Egypt [27].


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramses II in culture


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses II is featured in Sid Meier's Civilization and later parts of the series as the leader of Egyptian civilization.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In the Heirs of the Gods series, Ramesses the Great is the ancestor of the main characters from the Faust family.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses II is one of the main characters in G. Ebers “Ward”.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

And the story of Ramesses II and his wife Nefertari Merenmouth against the background of excavations in her tomb underlies the plot of the computer game Nancy Drew “The Tomb of the Missing Queen”.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Cinematography


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

1978 — Ramesses II's sarcophagus can be seen in issue 12 of Well, Wait!


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

1998 — Ramesses II is one of the main characters in the cartoon Prince of Egypt.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

2014 — Ramesses II is the main antagonist of Exodus: Kings and Gods.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

2015/16 — In the Brazilian biblical telenovela “” (port. “Os Dez Mandamentos”) Ramesses is brought up next to Moses and competes with him for Nefertari's love, and then tries to resist Egyptian executions.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The role of Ramesses was played by actor Sergio Marone.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Notes


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Literature


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

References


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

XIX Dynasty predecessor:


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ipharaon Egypt Networks


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

ca.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

1279 — 1212 BC


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Successor:


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Merneptah


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramses 02


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses 02


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Category: 13th century BC African rulers


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The October Armed Uprising in Moscow was an armed protest by the Bolsheviks in Moscow, which took place from year to day during the October Socialist Revolution.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

It was in Moscow that the longest and most stubborn battles took place during the October uprising [1].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Some historians assess the Moscow battles as the beginning of the Civil War in Russia [2].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The situation before


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

After the overthrow of the monarchy, in Moscow, as elsewhere in Russia, the Soviets, formally being public organizations, exercised many power functions.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

In Moscow, the Moscow Council of Workers' Deputies were created: on March 1 (14), and on March 4, the Moscow Council of Soldiers Deputies, in which there were strong sympathies for moderate socialist parties.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On June 25, 1917, elections to the Moscow Duma were held in Moscow.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Seven parties participated in the elections.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

117 newly elected vowels, that is, more than half, were members of the Social Revolutionaries Party.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Of the 200 candidates of the Bolshevik Party (list No. 5), only 23 made it to the Moscow Duma.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The new Duma (200 deputies) was dominated by deputies from the intelligentsia, and women appeared for the first time, and 12 at once.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On July 1, at the second meeting, the Zemstvo doctor Vadim Rudnev was elected mayor [3].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The Provisional Government of Russia initially planned to hold elections to local self-government bodies (zemstvo, city and district councils) and the Constituent Assembly on September 17.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

However, the difficult domestic and foreign policy situation, delays in the approval of the regulatory framework led to the postponement of the elections.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

In preparation for the elections, Moscow was allocated to a special constituency.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On September 1, the Moscow City Duma adopted a resolution on the formation of 17 districts in Moscow (instead of 44 previously existing ones) and the holding of elections to district councils.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The elections took place on September 24.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The vast majority of seats in district councils (359 seats out of 710) were won by representatives of the Bolshevik Party (51.5%); 26% of the vowels went on the list of the Cadet Party and 14% to the Social Revolutionaries Party.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

According to their organizational structure, district councils copied the city council.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

By the end of October 1917, legitimate local self-government bodies were formed in Moscow and the province as a result of democratic elections.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

In the second half of October, elections to the Constituent Assembly began in Moscow and its province [4].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

In September-October, elections were held to the Moscow and District Councils of Workers' Deputies.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The Bolshevik Party won there.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

However, in Moscow, unlike Petrograd, the Council of Workers' Deputies did not unite with the Council of Soldiers' Deputies, in which sympathies for the Social Revolutionaries were strong.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The Moscow Duma took steps to unite the two Soviets.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

In this situation, the leadership of the Moscow Bolsheviks took a more cautious position than the leadership of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b): a few days before the uprising, it opposed the armed seizure of power [5].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Preparing an uprising


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Regarding the existence of the plan for the uprising in the 1920s, there was a dispute in absentia: some Soviet historians and memoirists (Storozhev, Y. Pecs) argued that there was a plan for the uprising, and their opponents (Melgunov) argued that there was no clear and definite plan for the uprising [1].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Later Soviet sources no longer wrote about the existence of a ready-made plan [6] [7].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Course of the uprising


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

25 october


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On the night of October 24-25, an armed uprising began in Petrograd under the leadership of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b).


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The uprising was aimed at overthrowing the Provisional Government and transferring power to the Soviets.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The Moscow Bolsheviks received news of the uprising in Petrograd at noon on October 25 (November 7).


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

At 11.45 am, the delegate of the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets Nogin and V. P. Milyutin sent a telegram to Moscow about the uprising in Petrograd.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On the same day, a meeting of the leading Bolshevik centers (the Moscow Regional Bureau (MOB), the Moscow Committee (MK) and the Moscow District Committee (IOC) of the RSDLP (b)) was held, at which the party body for leading the uprising is the Battle Center.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The Bolshevik Party Combat Center began hostilities on the afternoon of October 25 with the occupation of the city post office by its patrols.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

That morning, A. S. Vedernikov and A. ME.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Arosev went to the barracks of the 56th Infantry Reserve Regiment to form a detachment for mail and telegraph [8].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The regiment was entrusted with the protection of the Kremlin with an arsenal of hand and easel weapons, the State Bank, the Treasury, savings and loan banks and other institutions.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The regiment was under the influence of the Moscow Bolsheviks, in addition, it was located near the Moscow Post Office (Myasnitskaya Street, 26).


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The 1st Battalion and the 8th Company of the 56th Regiment were stationed in the Kremlin, the rest of the companies of the 2nd battalion were located in the Zamoskvorechye area, and the headquarters of the regiment with two battalions was located in the Pokrovsky barracks.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The Regimental Committee refused to give Vedernikov and Arosev two companies without the order of the headquarters of the Moscow District and the consent of the Council of Soldiers' Deputies.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

However, the Bolsheviks from the committee managed to call the soldiers to speak, and soon the 11th and 13th companies moved to fulfill the task of the Combat Center [9].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On the evening of October 25, a special meeting of the Moscow City Duma was held, at which the vowels considered the question of how “the Moscow City Self-Government should react to the seizure policy Councils of Workers and Soldiers Deputies” [10].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The meeting was also attended by the Bolshevik faction.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

After the speech of the faction leader I. AND. Skvortsov-Stepanov, the Bolsheviks left the Duma meeting.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

By decision of other factions of the City Duma, to protect the Provisional Government under city self-government, the Public Committee was created from representatives of the Mensheviks, Social Revolutionaries, Cadets and other parties Security (KOB), which was headed by the mayor of Moscow Social Revolutionaries Vadim Rudnev and the commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District Colonel Konstantin Ryabtsev.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The committee, in addition to representatives of city and zemstvo self-government, included representatives of Vikzhel, the Postal and Telegraph Union, led by the Social Revolutionaries and Mensheviks, and the executive committees of the Council soldiers deputies and the Council of Peasant Deputies, the headquarters of the military district.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The City Duma, headed by the right-wing Social Revolutionaries, has become a political center of resistance to the Bolsheviks.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The Committee acted from the position of defending the Provisional Government, but could rely mainly on officers and cadets.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Also on the evening of October 25, a joint meeting (plenum) of both Moscow Soviets — workers and soldiers (at that time functioning separately) was held [7] [11], at which a combat center was elected Moscow Soviets — the Military Revolutionary Committee (VRK) to “organize support” for the armed protest in Petrograd [note 1].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

394 deputies voted “for”, 116 “against” (Mensheviks and non-partisans), and 25 abstained (united).


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Nevertheless, the Mensheviks and associations joined the committee.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The Social Revolutionaries refused to participate in the vote [12].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The VRK was elected consisting of 7 people (4 Bolsheviks and 3 members of other parties) under the chairmanship of Bolshevik G. A. Usievich [11].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

A feature of the Moscow VRK in comparison with Petrogradsky was the wide participation of the Mensheviks in its work, which was partly due to the fact that the split of the RSDLP into the Bolshevik and Menshevik factions wore Moscow is less acute.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The Mensheviks themselves explained their entry into the VRK by the desire to “mitigate the consequences of the crazy adventure of the Bolsheviks.”


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Both the presence of the Mensheviks in the Moscow VRK and the absence of Lenin in Moscow to some extent influenced the nature of the actions of this body, which was less decisive than in Petrograd [13].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

However, Oct. 27.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Mensheviks, and 31 Oct.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

the associates withdrew from the VRK.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Richard Pipes, in his fundamental work “The Bolsheviks in the Struggle for Power”, points out that the Mensheviks “put forward a number of conditions” that were not accepted.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

According to Order No. 1 of the VRK, units of the Moscow garrison were put on alert and had to execute only orders emanating from the VRK.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The VRK also issued an order “to stop the publication of bourgeois newspapers” by forcefully occupying printing houses (the printing house of the Moscow Leaf was seized by anarchists on their own initiative).


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The VRK went on a general strike and organized attacks on the printing houses of bourgeois newspapers: the recruitment that began was scattered and on the morning of October 26, only Izvestia and the Social Democrat were published.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Rosengoltz was instructed to “take all measures to protect the Council by revolutionary troops”, and he demanded the immediate sending of 1,000 soldiers with machine guns from the scooter battalion.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

This was even before the VRK was chosen [14].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The scooter reserve battalion (2500 people) was located in Sokolnichesky (Stromynka Street, 20) and Fanagoriysky (Baumanskaya Street, 61) barracks.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The VRK relied on part of the Bolshevized troops (the 193rd regiment, the 56th Reserve Infantry Regiment, the scooter battalion, etc.), Red Guard workers.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The “Dvins”, soldiers arrested in the summer of 1917 in Dvinsk for refusing to go on the offensive, went over to the side of the Bolsheviks.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On September 22 (October 5), they were released by the Moscow City Council.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Later, the “Reds” created district VRK headed by commissars, put on alert military units that took the side of the Bolsheviks and their allies, and elected a temporary revolutionary the committee for the leadership of regimental and other military committees, as opposed to the executive committee of the Moscow Council of Soldiers' Deputies, where the majority was in the hands of opponents of the Bolsheviks.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Finally, measures were taken to arm the Red Guard workers (10-12 thousand people).


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

District VRK sent their emissaries to factories and military units [7] [11].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

An unfavorable factor for the Bolsheviks was the fact that in Moscow there were significant forces (according to some estimates, up to 20 thousand people) of cadets who were sharply anti-Bolshevik.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

October 26


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On the night of October 26, the Moscow VRK issued an order to bring all units of the Moscow garrison on alert.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

He summoned companies of the 193rd Reserve Regiment to the Kremlin.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Colonel Viskovsky, the head of the Kremlin Arsenal, obeyed the demand of the VRK to issue weapons to workers.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

1,500 rifles with ammunition were issued, but it was not possible to take out the weapons, as the exits from the Kremlin were blocked by cadet detachments [11].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District K. AND. Ryabtsev appealed to the Headquarters with a request to send military units loyal to the Provisional Government from the front to Moscow and at the same time entered into negotiations with the Moscow VRK.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

October 27


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On October 27, officers in Moscow, ready to resist the Bolshevik uprising, gathered in the building of the Alexander Military School.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

They were headed by Colonel K. K. Dorofeev said.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The forces of supporters of the Provisional Government, who gathered at the school, amounted to about 300 people (officers, cadets, students).


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

They occupied the approaches to the school from the Smolensky Market (the end of the Arbat), Povarskaya and Malaya Nikitskaya, advanced from Nikitsky Gate to Tverskoy Boulevard and occupied the western side of Bolshaya Nikitskaya streets to the building of Moscow University and the Kremlin.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The volunteer detachment of students was called the “white guard” — this was the first time this term was used [15].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Colonel V. F. Rahr organized the defense of the barracks of the 1st Cadet Corps in Lefortovo by the forces of high school cadets.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

S. N. Prakopovich, the only minister of the Provisional Government who was at large, arrived in Moscow on October 27 to organize resistance to the Bolsheviks.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On October 27 (November 9) at 6 pm K. AND. Ryabtsev and the KOB, having received confirmation from the Headquarters on the expulsion of troops from the front and information about the speech of troops led by Kerensky and Krasnov to Petrograd, declared the city on martial law and presented O. M. Berzin and the Moscow VRK are an ultimatum: to dissolve the VRK, surrender the Kremlin and disarm revolutionary military units.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Representatives of the VRK agreed to the withdrawal of the companies of the 193rd regiment, but demanded the abandonment of the 56th regiment, which housed in the Kremlin.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

According to other sources of force, 193 regiments left the Kremlin in the morning, and at an ultimatum presented around 19:00 demanding the abolition of the MVRK and the withdrawal of all remaining revolutionary units from the Kremlin, representatives of the MVRK refused [16].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On the same day, the cadets attacked a detachment of “Dvins” soldiers trying to break through to the Moscow City Council, 45 people out of 150 were killed or wounded.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The cadets also raided the Dorogomilovsky VRK, after which they entrenched themselves on the Garden Ring from the Crimean Bridge to the Smolensky Market and entered the boulevard ring from the Myasnitsky and Sretensky Gates, seizing the post office, telegraph and telephone exchange [16].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

October 28th.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The capture of the Kremlin by cadets


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On the morning of October 28, Ryabtsev on the phone demanded that Berzin surrender the Kremlin, saying that the city was under his control.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Not knowing the actual situation and having no connection with the VRK, Berzin decided to surrender the Kremlin [17].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The commander of the armored company of the 6th school of warrant officers demanded from the soldiers of the 56th regiment to hand over weapons.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The soldiers began to disarm and two companies of cadets entered the Kremlin.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

According to the official Soviet version, based on the stories of the surviving soldiers of the 56th regiment, after the prisoners surrendered their weapons and were built, they were shot with small arms and machine guns, those who tried to escape were locked with bayonets [18]:


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On the morning of the 28th at 7 o'clock.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

t. Berzin gathers us and says: “Comrades, I have received an ultimatum and gave us 20 minutes to think about it. The whole city went over to the side of the commander of the troops.”


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Left alone, being isolated from the city, and not knowing what is being done outside the Kremlin, we decided with t. Careful surrender.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

They took the machine guns to the arsenal, opened the gate and went to the barracks.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

In less than 30 minutes, an order was received to go out into the courtyard of the Kremlin and line up in person.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Knowing nothing, we go out and see that “guests” have come to us — companies of cadets, our same armored cars that we did not let in at night, and one gun — a three-inch gun.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Everyone is lining up in front of them.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

We've been ordered to front the District Court.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The junkers surrounded us with guns at the ready.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Some of them occupied the barracks in the doorway, and they also stand in the windows.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

A machine gun cracked at us from the Trinity Gate.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

We're in a panic.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Someone rushed where.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Those who want to go to the barracks will be torn with bayonets.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Some rushed to the school of warrant officers, and from there they threw a bomb.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

We were all around in a sack.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Moan, the cries of our wounded comrades... After 8 minutes, the massacre stopped [19]


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

According to another version, when the soldiers saw that only two companies of cadets had entered, they tried to seize the weapon again, but this attempt failed, and many soldiers were killed or wounded by a machine-gun by fire [20].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

According to the memoirs of the cadets who participated in the seizure of the Kremlin, the surrender of the Kremlin was a tactical move, with the help of which the soldiers of the 56th regiment tried to trap the cadet companies, as a result of which a massacre took place: the entire regiment was lined up on Senate Square without weapons, in front of which the weapons it handed over were sketched in piles.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

In the barracks, I found a bunch of soldiers in all the rooms, and to my surprise, a lot of unloaded weapons... Suddenly I <я> heard shots; looking out the window, I saw that the soldiers were falling down like knocked down, and in the square There was some confusion; so I gave up my occupation and quickly ran to the square with my men, but many soldiers were running towards us on the stairs.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

It turns out that the plan of the 56th regiment seemed to be as follows: after letting a small number of cadets into the Kremlin and, apparently, obeying them, rush at the signal and destroy them; the soldiers who fled towards us were supposed to at the top of the barracks, pick up weapons and attack the cadets.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

<... > When everything calmed down more or less, we went to the square; there were wounded and killed soldiers and cadets <... > It turned out that when the 56th regiment was lined up and the cadets were busy counting soldiers, shots were fired at the cadets in the barracks or the Arsenal - this was a signal for the remaining barracks to start firing held rifles from the upper rooms at the cadets in the square, behind which weapons and the soldiers we met on the stairs ran.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

In response, the cadets opened fire... [21] [22] The official report of the head of the Moscow artillery depot, Major General Kaygorodov, says that the cadets opened fire with machine guns after” several shots fired from somewhere” [23].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

According to various estimates, from 50 to 300 soldiers were killed as a result of the shooting [note 2].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

According to I. S. Ratkovsky “six cadets and about two hundred soldiers were killed and wounded” [24].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

After the capture of the Kremlin by cadets, the situation of the VRK became extremely difficult, as it was cut off from the Red Guards on the working outskirts of the city, telephone communication with them was impossible, since the telephone exchange was occupied by cadets.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

In addition, KOB supporters gained access to weapons stored in the Central Arsenal in the Kremlin [7].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

At the call of the MK of the RSDLP (b), the VRK and trade unions, a general political strike began in the city.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

The garrison meeting of regimental, company, command and brigade committees gathered at the Polytechnic Museum invited all military units to support the VRK, at the same time decided to dissolve the council soldier deputies of the old convocation and hold new elections, as a result of which a combat body, the Council of Ten, was created for contacts with the VRK [16].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

By the end of October 28, revolutionary forces had blocked the city center [16].


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

From October 28 to October 31, soldiers of the 193rd Infantry Reserve Regiment took part in the seizure of the Bryansk railway station, Proviant warehouses, in battles at the Ostozhensky positions, stormed the headquarters of the Moscow Military District (st. Prechistenka, 7) [25]).


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

During the assault, the company commander, Warrant Officer A. A. Pomerantsev said.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

October 29th.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Truce attempt


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On October 29 (November 11), trenches and barricades were dug on the streets of the city and a stubborn struggle for the center of Moscow began.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Fierce battles took place for the Crimean and Kamenny bridges, in the area of Ostozhenka, Prechistenka and on other streets.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Armed workers (the Red Guard), soldiers of a number of infantry units, as well as artillery (which the anti-Bolshevik forces almost did not have) participated in the battles on the side of the VRK.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

On the morning of October 29, the Red forces launched an offensive in the main directions: a detachment under the command of the Left Social Revolutionaries Sablin Yu.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

V. seized the city government building on Tverskoy Boulevard [26], Tverskaya Street and part of Okhotny Ryad, the governor's house in Leontyevsky Lane [27] were recaptured, Krymskaya Square, Simonovsky were occupied gunpowder depot, Kursk-Nizhegorodsky and Aleksandrovsky railway stations, post office and main telegraph.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

By 6 pm Taganskaya Square was occupied by the red.


Question: Are there street fights in Russia?

October Armed Uprising in Moscow (1917)

Three of the five buildings of the Alekseevsky Military School were seized.