Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In the face of the threat of an offensive by General AND. Denikin to Donbass, the successful offensive of the Red Army (Ukrainian Front) in Ukraine and the beginning of the creation of regular units of the armed forces of the Ukrainian SSR, in mid-February 1919, the Makhnovists concluded military agreement with the command of the Red Army, according to which their rebel army numbering up to 50 thousand people, while maintaining internal autonomy, became part of


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

1st Zadneprovsky Ukrainian Soviet Division of the Ukrainian Front, making up its 3rd Zadneprovsky Brigade.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The brigade under the command of brigade commander Makhno N. I. was under the operational subordination of the command of the Southern Front and fought against Denikin troops on the right flank of the front on the Mariupol-Volnovakha line [11].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

For the raid on Mariupol on March 27, 1919, which slowed down the White offensive on Moscow, brigade commander Makhno, according to some reports, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner numbered 4.* on April 10, 1919 on the 3rd district congress of Soviets of the Gulyaypole district was elected honorary chairman; in his speech he said that the Soviet government had changed the “October principles”, and the Communist Party legalized the power and” protected itself with emergencies.”


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Together with Shchus, Kogan and Mavroda, Makhno signed a resolution of the congress, which expressed disapproval of the decisions of the 3rd All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets (March 6-10, 1919, Kharkov) on the nationalization of land, protest against the Cheka and the policy of the Bolsheviks, the demand for the removal of all persons appointed by the Bolsheviks from military and civilian posts.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Later, at a meeting with Antonov-Ovseenko, he refused his signature.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhnovists demanded the “socialization” of land, factories and factories; changes in food policy; freedom of speech, press and assembly to all “left-wing parties and groups”; personal inviolability; rejection of dictatorship of the RCP (b); freedom of elections to the Councils of Working Peasants and Workers [12].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On April 15, the formation of the 2nd Ukrainian Soviet Army from units of the Group of Forces of the Kharkov direction was completed


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Management of the 1st Zadneprovsky Ukrainian Soviet Division, the 2nd Separate Brigade, the 3rd Zadneprovsky Brigade, the Crimean Brigade were reduced to 2 regular divisions: the 3rd Ukrainian Soviet Division (former Management and the 1st Zadniprovsky Brigade of the 1st Zadneprovsky Ukrainian Soviet Division and other units) and the 7th Ukrainian Soviet Division (former 3rd Zadneprovsky Brigade of the 1st Zadneprovsky Ukrainian Soviet division and other units) [13].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Since April 15, 1919, on the Southern Front, Makhno commanded an insurgent brigade, which was part of the 3rd Ukrainian Soviet Army.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

After the beginning of Grigoriev's rebellion on May 7, 1919, Makhno took a wait-and-see attitude, then decided to remain on the side of the Ukrainian Soviet government of Rakovsky.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In May 1919, at a meeting of commanders of rebel detachments in Mariupol, Makhno supported the initiative to create a separate rebel army.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

1919-1920 years


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Break with the reds


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In May 1919, the Makhno brigade, without receiving ammunition and equipment from the command of the Red Army, in battles with units of the Caucasian Division (under the command of General A. G. Shkuro) suffered heavy losses.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

White broke through the front, occupied Donbass.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On June 6, by order of the chairman of the PBC Lev Trotsky, Makhno was outlawed “for the collapse of the front and disobedience to the command.”


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On June 8, Krusser A. S. (He died on the night of June 10 near the Pologi station of the Taurida province, where his armored train came under machine-gun fire).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On June 9, Makhno decided to break the agreement with the Soviet government and sent a telegram to Lenin [6], as well as Kamenev, Zinoviev, Trotsky, Voroshilov, Rakovsky, in which he announced his devotion to the revolutionary cause and explained the decision to break with the Red Army by constant attacks on it by “representatives of the central government” and the “press of the communist Bolsheviks”.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

At the same time, in a telegram, Makhno asked to release him from the command of the division (in June, an order was issued to reorganize the Makhnovists rebel brigade into a regular rifle division) “in view of the unbearably ridiculous situation” [11].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

After breaking with the Bolsheviks, Makhno with the remnants of his detachment retreated to the Kherson province and, together with Grigoriev, continued armed resistance to Denikin's troops, while taking small rebel detachments and large units and formations of the Red Army encirclement, forming combat-ready units and formations of the 40,000 rebel army.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In mid-July 1919, Makhno headed the Revolutionary Military Council of the United Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RPAU), and after the murder of Grigoriev, who did not want to conduct active hostilities against the troops Denikina, became its commander-in-chief.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

With the beginning of the offensive of white troops on Moscow in the summer of 1919, Makhno began a large-scale guerrilla war in the rear of the whites and again called on the peasant rebels to an alliance with the Reds:


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Our main enemy, fellow peasants, is Denikin.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Communists are revolutionaries after all... We will be able to pay them off later.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Now everything should be directed against Denikin.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Battle near Peregonovka and raid on the rear of white


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Crowded by regular units of whites, Makhno led his partisan detachments to the west and by early September approached Uman, where he was completely surrounded: Petliurites from the north and west, and whites from the south and east.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In Denikin's memoirs we read:


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno entered into negotiations with the Petliurov headquarters, and the parties concluded an agreement: mutual neutrality, the transfer of the wounded Makhnovists to the care of Petliura and the supply of Makhno with ammunition.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

To get out of the encirclement, Makhno decided to take a bold step: on September 12, he suddenly raised his detachments and, having defeated and thrown back two regiments of General Slashchev, moved east, back to the Dnieper.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

This movement was carried out on replaceable carts and horses with extraordinary speed: on the 13th - Uman, on the 22nd - the Dnieper, where, having knocked down our weak units, hastily abandoned to cover the crossings, Makhno crossed The Kichkassky Bridge, and on the 24th it appeared in Gulyaypole, having covered about 600 versts in 11 days.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On the same events, one of Makhno's closest assistants, P. Arshinov wrote in his Memoirs as follows:


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Meanwhile, late at night, all units of the Makhnovists, standing in several villages, withdrew and moved east - to the enemy, located in the main forces near the village of Peregonovka, occupied by the Makhnovists.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In the night battle that followed, White was defeated, and Makhno himself personally led the cavalry to attack.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Having broken through the encirclement ring near Peregonovka, Makhno's detachments raided the entire Azov Sea, capturing large cities and important strategic facilities.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

As Denikin further writes:


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

... as a result, in early October, the rebels were in the hands of Melitopol, Berdyansk, where they blew up artillery depots, and Mariupol - 100 versts from Stavka (Taganrog).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The rebels approached Sinelnikovo and threatened Volnovakha, our artillery base... Random units — local garrisons, reserve battalions, State Guard units, initially exhibited against Makhno, were easily defeated by his large gangs.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The situation became formidable and required exceptional measures.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

To suppress the uprising, it was necessary, despite the serious situation of the front, to withdraw units from it and use all reserves.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

... This uprising, which took on such a wide scale, upset our rear and weakened the front at the most difficult time for it.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Thus, Makhno's guerrilla actions to destroy the rear of the white army had a significant impact on the course of the war and helped the Reds repel Denikin's offensive on Moscow.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Peasant republic


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On September 1, 1919, Makhno proclaimed the creation of the “Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (Makhnovists)”.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On September 15, 1919, Makhnovists once again occupied Yekaterinoslav.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On October 20, 1919, at a meeting of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Army and the Congress of Peasants, Workers and Rebels in Aleksandrovsk, Makhno put forward a program of action reduced to the creation of an independent peasant republics in the rear of Denikin troops (centered in Yekaterinoslav).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno's program provided for the abolition of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the leading role of the Communist Party and the development of self-government on the basis of non-partisan “free Soviets”, revolution” to overthrow the Bolsheviks and establish people's power, eliminate the exploitation of the peasantry, protect the village from hunger and the policy of military communism, transfer land for free use peasant masses (at the same time, contrary to the stereotype, Makhnovists, as well as peasants of Russia and Ukraine in general, opposed any ownership of land, believed that the person who cultivates it should have land and is periodically redistributed “by consumers”) [11].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Thus, in the autumn of 1919, in the conditions of the collapse and retreat of whites, a kind of autonomous anarchic quasi-republic of Makhno was born in the great bend of the Dnieper.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The advancing Red rebels met in a friendly way and often went over to their side (which is natural given that among the Makhnovists there were many former Red Army soldiers who joined the “father” in time of the summer retreat of the Red Army).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

However, after the conflict with the shooting of communist commander Polonsky by Makhnovists in December 1919, relations deteriorated.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On January 9, 1920, the All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee declared Makhno and his group outlawed as “deserters and traitors”.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In the context of the collapse of the RPAU and the typhoid epidemic, he ordered the temporary dissolution of the army.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In the spring of 1920, it was restored and raids on southern Ukraine resumed.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Wanting to attract peasants to its side, the government of General Wrangel in the summer of 1920 offered Makhno an alliance against the Bolsheviks, promising to carry out a broad land reform in case of victory.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

However, Makhno refused the offer.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Wrangel's envoy was publicly executed in Gulyaypole.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Again with the Reds against Wrangel


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Wanting to use combat-ready units of the rebels against Wrangel, in the fall of 1920, the Bolshevik government again offered Makhno a military alliance.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On October 2, 1920, Makhno once again signed (in Starobilsk) an agreement with the government of the Ukrainian SSR [17].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

As a result of this agreement, a detachment of rebels numbering up to 2.5 thousand fighters under the general command of Semyon Karetnik was sent to the Perekop area [18].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

During the battles for the Crimea, Makhnovists took part in crossing Sivash and in battles with the cavalry corps of General I. G. Barbovich near Ishunya and Karpova Balka.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

After the end of hostilities, the Red Command decided to get rid of the ally that had become unnecessary.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On November 26, a detachment of Makhnovists was surrounded, but managed to escape from the peninsula.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

During the retreat, it was overtaken by the superior forces of the “Reds” and partially destroyed by machine-gun fire.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Only 250 soldiers managed to escape, who told about what happened Makhno on December 7 near the village. Staryy Kermenchik.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The end of Gulyaypole


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Shortly after the fall of the white Crimea, the command of the Red Army issued an order for the redeployment of Makhnovists to the South Caucasus.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Considering this order a trap, Makhno refused to obey.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The response of the Bolsheviks was a military operation to “eliminate partisan”.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno's detachments fought out of the encirclement in the Gulyaypole area and moved around Ukraine for several months, avoiding persecution [19].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In exile


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

At the end of the summer of 1921, after numerous clashes with the superior forces of the Red Army, the remnants of anarchist detachments were pressed against the Romanian border.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On August 28, Makhno and a detachment of 78 people crossed the border near Yampol.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

He was wounded by 12 bullets, shell-shocked, his leg was broken.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The Romanians immediately interned Makhnovists.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

For a long time, they had to live in very bad conditions, in typhoid lousy barracks, without medicines or dressings, eating corn soup.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Two weeks after their arrival, the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR Georgy Chicherin demanded the extradition of Makhno.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

But the Romanians refused for several months.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In April 1922, Makhno, together with his wife and 17 other comrades, fled to Poland with the help of local authorities, who were by no means interested in indulging the Bolsheviks or in conflict with them.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On April 11, the fugitives ended up in Poland, also in an internment camp.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

According to Moshe Goncharok, Makhno came to Europe penniless, wearing one gymnast.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

He sometimes received money for food from American anarchists.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In Polish politics of the 1920s, Makhno was of interest to many.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Petliurites were the first to come with a proposal to organize a common front of emigrants against the Communists.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno did not even want to talk to them.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Polish communists came after the Ukrainian nationalists.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno also rejected their plans.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On September 25, 1923, Makhno was arrested together with his wife Galina Kuzmenko and associates of I. Khmara and Ya.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Doroshenko and placed in Warsaw's Mokotów prison.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On November 27, 1923, they were brought to court on charges of plotting an uprising in Eastern Galicia to join Soviet Ukraine.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The court acquitted Makhno and his comrades, Makhno was sent to settle in the city of Torun.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In December 1923, Makhno made a public statement about the struggle against the Bolsheviks and Soviet power, which caused a negative reaction from the Polish government.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On April 14, 1924, after an attempted suicide, he was placed under police surveillance in Danzig.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In the same year, with the help of Russian anarchists and emigrants, he obtained permission to travel to Germany.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

According to M. Goncharok, in Danzig Makhno is captured by security officers from the intelligence department of the Polish section of the Comintern - Elansky and Jan Sosnovsky and taken to Berlin, to the Soviet embassy.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno jumped out of the car and surrendered to the German police.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

There was no money, and after a hungry winter, he is taken to Paris.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

This happened in April 1925.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno worked part-time as a carpenter, carpenter, and even weaved slippers, living in the apartment of artist and anarchist Ivan Lebedev [20].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

He was assisted by local anarchist organizations.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

He lived until 1934 in Vincennes, a suburb of Paris.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In the last years of his life, Makhno actively participated in the life of European anarchist associations, published individual essays in the anarchist magazine Delo Truda (Paris), prepared memoirs, and fought stubbornly against slander towards Makhnovshchina and his very personality.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

At that time, Makhno and his army were accused of Jewish pogroms during the hostilities.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

As a result of stormy proceedings, with the involvement of independent witnesses and objective facts, Makhno and his associates were fully acquitted in this matter (no Jewish pogroms at Makhnovskaya There was no Ukraine).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Speculations based on the stories of one of the white officers about his polygamy, as well as the revelry and massacre allegedly staged by Makhnovists everywhere during the civil war, were also refuted.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

His life abroad was not meaningless, like many emigrants.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The Spaniards called him to lead their revolution.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Broken by consumption and tormented by old wounds, Makhno helped as much as he could, gave advice to the rebellious proletarians of Castile.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno's health was severely undermined by many wounds, including serious ones, sustained in battles, and he could no longer personally participate in hostilities.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Death


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On July 6 (according to other sources, July 25) [1] 1934, Nestor Makhno died of bone tuberculosis at the age of 45 in a Paris hospital.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On 28 July, his body was cremated and an urn with ashes was walled up in the wall of the columbarium of Pere Lachaise cemetery, in cell number 6685.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

family


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

It is known that Makhno was married several times:


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On her compatriot Anastasia Vasetskaya in November 1917.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In May 1918, she gave birth to him a son (the child died a week later).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Agafia Andreevna Kuzmenko (1892-1978, received a new name Galina after the wedding) - in 1919-1927; divorced in Paris.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

A daughter Elena (1922-1992 Kazakhstan) was born in marriage, who bore the surname Mikhnenko in her youth, according to a German passport [11].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The image of Makhno in culture


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno's image has changed dramatically over the years.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

A striking example is A. N. Tolstoy's “Hozhdenie po Mukam”, which shows the capture of Yekaterinoslav by Makhnovists and based on which the film of the same name was shot twice.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The grotesque negative image of Makhno is also shown in Pavel Blyakhin's adventure novel Red Devils (1921), based on which Georgian screenwriter and director Ivan Perestiani shot the eponymous film (1923).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Konstantin Paustovsky gave a negative description of Nestor Makhno and the soldiers of his rebel army in his Tale of Life [21].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

At the same time, one should take into account the dubious reliability of what Paustovsky stated, since he did not have the physical opportunity to personally meet with Makhno and the Makhno army in the spring of 1919 at the Pomoshnaya station, as he states in the text of his work.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

At this time, Makhno fought against Denikins in Donbass.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On the other hand, folk art attributed Makhnovists to the “heroes of the civil” (“From the Odessa kichman...”).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

According to contemporaries, such as Sergei Yesenin, Makhno's personality and ideas were very popular among the peasantry:


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

And in response to the party team,


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

For the tax on peasant labor,


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

A gang on a gang whistles around the country,


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Considering the will of the authorities as a whip.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

And who can we reproach?


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Who can close the window


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

So as not to see how the pack is cautious


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Do the peasantry love Makhno so much?


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno was directly depicted in this poem under the name of the bandit Nomakh (as evidenced by the poet himself); Yesenin even wanted to name the poem after this hero.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

[22] No-max means Mah no; the poet simply rearranged the syllables of the surname.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In Sergei Yesenin's letter to E.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

AND. Livshits, dated August 11-12, 1920, the poet writes about the real source of the poem “Sorokoust” — “A steel horse defeated a living horse. And this little foal was for me a visual expensive endangered image of the village and the face of Makhno.”


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

By the concept of “face” Makhno is equated by the poet with a saint.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Eduard Bagritsky describes Makhno in his poem “Duma about Opanas” (1926): “Makhn has a thick hair on his shoulders...”


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno, Lyova Zadov, relations with the “Reds”, an attempt to capture Kharkov in 1920 are shown in two novels about the Civil War by Igor Bolgarin and Viktor Smirnov - “The Mercy of the Executioner” and “Crimson Feathers” .


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In 1936, during the Spanish Civil War, Makhno was named after one of the military brigades of Spanish anarcho-syndicalists who fought against the army of General Franco.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In a number of science fiction novels by Michael Moorcock, a fictional character named Nestor Makhno participates in fictional events, such as, for example, the anarchist uprisings in Canada (Entropy Tango ( The Entropy Tango) from the Jerry Cornelius series), the war with the Steel Tsar Dzhugashvili (the novel “The Steel King” from the series about Oswald Basteable) and the like.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In the novel “The Cathedral” by Ukrainian writer Oles Honchar (1968), Makhno is one of the characters in the retrospective part of the story (the scene of interrogation by Nestor Ivanovich and his entourage of the famous Ukrainian historian D. AND. Yavornitsky).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Gonchar's image of Makhno is ambivalent, neutral, with elements of hidden sympathy.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In 2009, at the Mariupol Theater of Russian Drama, director Konstantin Dobrunov staged the play “Black and Red, or the Mariupol Treasure of Nestor Makhno”.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The play tells about the capture of Mariupol by the Makhno brigade in March 1919, as well as the fate of a prominent figure in the Makhno movement - Ivan Lepetchenko, who, after returning from exile, lived in Mariupol and was shot here in 1937.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In cinematography


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Red Devils (1923) — Vladimir Kucherenko played (according to the credits — Vladimir Sutyrin [24]).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Savur Grave (1926) — played by V. Sutyrin


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Alexander Parkhomenko (1942) — Boris Chirkov played.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

“Gloomy Morning” (1959) — Vitaly Matveev played.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

“Salute Maria!” (1970) — Valery Zolotukhin played.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

“Hozhdenie po Mukam” (1977) — played by Alexey Krychenkov.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

“Big and Small War” (1980) — Gennady Saifulin played.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Nine Lives of Nestor Makhno (2006) — Pavel Derevyanko played.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

“Hozhdenie po Mukam” (2017) — played by Evgeny Stychkin.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Post-Traumatic Rhapsody (2017) — Ilya Kiva played.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In poetry


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno's Philosophers — poem [25].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

memento


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Since 2006, on the Independence Day of Ukraine, the ethnic festival “Independence Day with Nestor Makhno” has been held in the city of Gulyaypole.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On December 22, 2006, in Dnepropetrovsk (former Yekaterinoslav), the leader of the Brotherhood party Dmitry Korchinsky, together with his like-minded people, installed a memorial plaque at the Astoria Hotel on the Ave. Dmitry Yavornitsky, which in 1919 housed the headquarters of Nestor Makhno.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

On August 24, 2009, a monument to N. AND. Makhno.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

October 25, 2013 The National Bank of Ukraine issued a commemorative coin with a nominal value of 2 hryvnia of the series “Outstanding Personalities of Ukraine” dedicated to Nestor Ivanovich Makhno.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

In the Dibrovsky forest, a commemorative plaque is installed near the remains of the Death Oak.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Historical facts


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno's rebel army was international.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

The bulk were Ukrainians, there were also Russians, Jews, Greeks and even the Estonian military band captured from the Red Army [28].


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Anarchist, Jew Sholom Schwarzburd, whose Petliurites killed many relatives in Ukraine while in Paris, went home to Makhno, his ideological ally, at the end of May 1926.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

He told Makhno about the Jewish pogroms during the civil war in Ukraine and about the intention to kill Petliura for them.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno tried to dissuade Schwarzburd [11], but he still decided to shoot Petliura, fulfilled this intention, and was subsequently acquitted by the jury.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Order of the Red Banner


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

There is no consensus on whether Makhno was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, and even under No. 4.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

According to official data, Order No. 4 was held by Y.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Fabricius.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

As for Makhno, the award is not documented, only mentioned in the memoirs of individuals (G. Kuzmenko, great-uncle of V. Yalansky).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

There is also a low-quality photo, where Makhno's chest is attached to an object similar to the Order of the Red Banner.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

There are versions that:


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno was awarded, but this act was not documented [30];


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhno was not awarded, and what was mistaken for the Order in one of the photos is actually a red commander's badge, very similar in design to the Order of the Red Banner.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Essays


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Makhnovshchina and its yesterday's allies are the Bolsheviks (Answer to M. Kubanin “Makhnovshchina”) — Paris: Edition of the Makhnovists Library, 1928.


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

ISBN 5-9697-0045-2


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Notes


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Literature


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

ISBN 5-901606-07-8


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Check date values in: |date= (help) ISBN 978-5-235-03141-8


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Danilov A. (with rare photos).


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

ISBN 985-13-1148-0 ISBN 985-13-2439-6


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (the book also printed N. AND. Makhno)


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

ISBN 5-8243-0769-5


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

References


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

on YouTube


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

[series 9 lives of NESTOR MAKHNO (serial film)]


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

on the air of the Frankie Show radio program on 16.05.10


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Makhno family


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Russian revolutionaries


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Revolutionaries of Ukraine


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Participants of the Civil War in Russia


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Russian emigrants of the first wave in France


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Guerilla theorists


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Guerrillas


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Anarcho-communists


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Social anarchists


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Ukrainian anarchists


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Russian anarchists


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Civil War in Ukraine


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Ukrainian military leaders


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Personalies:Army of the Ukrainian SSR


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Ukrainian memoirists


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Russian memoirists


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Military of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (Makhnovists)


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Category: Deaths from tuberculosis


Question: When was Nestor Makhno born?

Nestor Makhno

Burials at Pere Lachaise Cemetery


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Battle of Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo (English: Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu—Tanambogo, Japanese: Furorida-shoto: no tatakai, “Battle of the Florida Islands”) was a battle at the Pacific Military Theater the actions of World War II between the forces of the Imperial Japanese Navy and the Allies (mainly the US Marines).


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

It took place on August 7-9, 1942 in the Solomon Islands during the Allied landing on the islands during the initial stage of the Battle of Guadalcanal.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

In the battle, the Marines under the command of Major General Alexander Vandegrift successfully landed and captured the islands of Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo, where the Japanese fleet built a naval base and a seaplane base.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The landing was fiercely resisted by Japanese sailors, who, despite the enemy's numerical superiority and weak weapons, fought fanatically to the last man.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Simultaneously with the landing on Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo, Allied troops also landed on the neighboring island of Guadalcanal in order to capture the Japanese airfield under construction.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Unlike the bloody struggle on Tulagi and Gavuta, the landing on Guadalcanal mostly met no resistance.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

With the Tulagi and Guadalcanal landing, the six-month Guadalcanal campaign began and a series of battles with varying success between Allied forces and Japan in the Solomon Islands area.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Previous events


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese began military operations against the United States in the Pacific Ocean with an attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

As a result of the attack, most American battleships were sunk and damaged, and the war between the two states began.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The primary tasks of the Japanese command in the war were to neutralize the American fleet, seize deposits of natural resources and organize strategic military bases to protect the Japanese Empire in Asia and the Pacific.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

To solve these problems, Japanese troops captured and gained control of the Philippines, Thailand, Malaya, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, Wake, the Gilbert Islands, New Britain and Guam.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Japanese made two attempts to expand their defense perimeter in the south and central Pacific Ocean in the battles of the Coral Sea (May 1942) and Midway (June 1942).


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

These two battles were strategic victories for the Allies, as a result of which they seized the initiative and were able to launch offensive actions against Japan in the Pacific Ocean.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[2] The Allies chose to target the Solomon Islands, primarily the southern part of the archipelago: Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and the Florida Islands for the first offensive.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

As part of the operation, which was the result of the battle in the Coral Sea, the Japanese fleet sent troops to occupy Tulagi and the nearby islands of the southern Solomon Islands.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

These troops, mainly from the 3rd Marine Detachment Kure, landed on Tulagi on May 3, 1942 and began construction of a seaplane base, refueling tanks and a supply base at Tulagi and the nearby islands of Gavutu, Tanamboga and Florida, all of which soon became operational.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Allies learned of increased Japanese activity on Tulagi in early July 1942, when the Japanese fleet began construction of a large airfield at Cape Lunga on Guadalcanal.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

By August 1942, the Japanese contingent numbered 900 soldiers on Tulagi and nearby islands, as well as 2,800 people (mainly Korean and Japanese builders on Guadalcanal.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[4] After completion, the airfield was supposed to protect the Japanese base in Rabaul, attack the supply lines of the Allied countries, and become a springboard for a possible future occupation of Fiji, New Caledonia and Samoa (Operation FS).


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Allied plan to seize the southern Solomon Islands was proposed by US Admiral Ernest King, Commander-in-Chief of the US Navy.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

He proposed an offensive against the southern Solomon Islands to prevent the Japanese from creating military bases there from which they could disrupt supplies between the US and Australia, and use them as a springboard for a military campaign to capture or neutralize Japan's main base in Rabaul, supporting Allied forces participating in the New Guinea campaign, with the possible aim of paving the way for the US to the return of the Philippines.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[5] US Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific, has established a military headquarters in the South Pacific Theater under the command of Vice Admiral Robert L. Gormley to lead the Allied offensive in the Solomon Islands.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

In preparation for the offensive in May 1942, US Major General Alexander Vandegrift ordered the redeployment of the 1st Marine Division from the United States to New Zealand.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Other Allied land, sea and air units were transferred to bases in Fiji, Samoa and New Caledonia.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[7] Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides was chosen as the headquarters and main base for the upcoming offensive, codenamed the Watchtower, and the starting date was set for August 7 1942 of the year.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Initially, the Allied offensive was planned only on Tulagi and the Santa Cruz Islands, with the exception of Guadalcanal.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

However, after receiving intelligence about the construction by the Japanese of an airfield on Guadalcanal, the seizure of the airfield was included in the plan, and the St. Croix Islands were excluded.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

For Operation Watchtower, the Allies assembled an expeditionary fleet of 75 warships and transport ships, including ships from the United States and Australia, and which merged near Fiji on July 26, 1942 years and conducted one amphibious exercise before going to Guadalcanal on July 31.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[9] [10] Vandegrift was appointed commander-in-chief of 16,000 Allied soldiers (mainly US Marines) directly involved in the landing and was to personally command the landing on Guadalcanal.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Brigadier General William H.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Rupertus is on transport ship Neville.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Preparing for battle


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Bad weather allowed the Allied Expeditionary Forces to approach Guadalcanal unnoticed by the Japanese until the morning of August 7.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Japanese intercepted radio conversations from suitable Allied ships and prepared to send reconnaissance aircraft at dawn.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[12] The landing ships were divided into two groups, one to be heading for Guadalcanal, and the other to capture Tulaga, Florida, and Gavutu-Tanambogo.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[13] Planes from the aircraft carrier Wasp dropped bombs on Japanese positions on Tulagi, Gavutu, Tanambogo and Florida fired at and destroyed 15 Japanese seaplanes floating in the anchorage area off the islands.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Some of the aircraft warmed up the engines about to take off, and were lost along with the crews and technical personnel.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Cruiser San Juan and destroyers Monssen and Buchanan bombed suspected landing zones on Tulagi and Florida.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

To cover the landing on Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo, Marines from the 1st Battalion of the 2nd Marine Regiment landed on Florida at 07:40 without meeting any resistance.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

They were led by guides — Australian soldiers, such as Lieutenant Frank Stackpool, who was familiar with the Tulagi-Florida area, where he previously lived and worked.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Battle for Tulagi


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

At 08:00, two Marine Corps battalions, including the 1st Raider Battalion of Lieutenant Colonel Merritt A. Edson (Edson's raiders) and the 2nd Battalion of the 5th Marine Regiment (2/5), meeting no resistance, landed on the west bank of Tulaga around the middle of the oblong island.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[16] The corals near the shore prevented the landing boat from approaching it.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Nevertheless, the Marines were able to wade about 100 meters without opposition from Japanese soldiers, for whom the landing came as a surprise and could not provide initially organized resistance to the enemy.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

At the same time, Japanese troops on Tulagi and Gavutu, namely the 3rd Marine Corps Detachment Kure and soldiers of the Yokohama Air Group under the command of Captain Shigetoshi Miyazaki, handed over to their to the commander in Rabaul, Captain Sadayoshi Yamada, that they had been attacked, destroyed their equipment and documents, and gave the message: “There are many more enemies than we are, we will fight to the last person.” Masaaki Suzuki, the commander of the Marine Corps unit, ordered his soldiers to take pre-prepared defensive positions on Tulagi and Gavutu.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Marines from the 2nd Battalion landed at the northwestern tip of Tulaga and joined Edson's raiders in an offensive on the southeastern part of the island.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

During the day, they moved to their destination, while extinguishing several isolated pockets of Japanese resistance.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Around noon, Suzuki moved his main line of defense to a hill called Height 281 (Height 280 in some sources) by the height of the hill - and the nearby gorge, located on the south - eastern tip of the island.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Japanese defense included dozens of tunnels and caves laid in the limestone cliffs of the hill, as well as machine-gun nests lined with sandbags.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Marines approached the defensive line at dusk, assessing that daylight was not enough to carry out a full-scale attack, they dug in before nightfall.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

At night, starting at 22:30, the Japanese attacked Marine positions five times.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[19] Offensives were frontal attacks, alternating with individual sorties and small group infiltrations to Edson's command post, which sometimes led to hand-to-hand combat with naval infantrymen.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Japanese broke through the Marine Corps line for a while and captured one (?) machine gun, but were soon discarded.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

At the cost of heavy losses, the Marines held their positions until morning.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Japanese also suffered heavy losses in night attacks.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

At night, one of the Marines, Edward H.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Ourens, killed 13 Japanese men advancing on his position, but was killed in battle himself.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[20] Describing the Japanese attacks of that night, an eyewitness raider Pete Sparacino said:


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

... it was completely dark.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

We moved forward... and we heard them talking.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Then the enemy found the hole and ran into the opening passage.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The breach was closed when another unit closed the gate.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Some Japanese crawled 20 yards [~18 meters] to (Frank) Gildon's company.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Frank started throwing grenades from a prone position.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

His grenades fell 15 yards from our position (and) we had to bend down when they exploded.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The enemy was everywhere.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

It was a brutal and merciless battle.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

We had to be careful not to kill our own comrades.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

We were very tired, but we had to be on our guard or we would die...


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

At dawn on August 8, six Japanese infiltrymen shot three Marines hiding under the balcony of the former headquarters of the British Colonial Administration.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Within five minutes, the infiltrators were eliminated by grenades.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Later that morning, the Marines, after landing reinforcements in the form of the 2nd Battalion of the 2nd Marine Regiment (2/2), surrounded Hill 281 and the Gorge and began shelling Japanese positions with mortars, and then attacked both positions, detonating cave entrances with explosives in order to bury Japanese soldiers hiding in the caves alive and seize positions directly next to the hill and gorge.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[21] Using this method, the Marines destroyed individual Japanese positions.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Japanese resistance was generally suppressed in the afternoon, although several more enemy soldiers were found and killed within a few more days.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[22] 307 Japanese and 45 American soldiers were killed in the battle for Tulagi.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Three Japanese soldiers were taken prisoner.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Battle for Gavutu-Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The nearby islands of Gavutu and Tanambogo housed a Japanese seaplane base.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The base included 536 Japanese troops from the Yokohama Air Group and the 3rd Marine Corps Detachment Kure, as well as Korean, Japanese civilian technicians and workers from the 14th Construction Unit .


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[24] The two islets were of coral origin, about 42 meters high each and were connected to each other by a dam 500 meters long.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Heights on Gavutu and Tanambogo were named Heights 148 and 121 by the Americans, respectively, according to their height in feet.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[25] The Japanese on both islands fortified themselves in bunkers and caves built on two hills.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[26] In addition, machine guns were installed on both islands, and the islands were within the range of fire of the neighboring island's machine gun.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Americans mistakenly believed that on the islands there was a garrison of only 200 marines and construction workers.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

On August 7, 12:00 Gavatu was attacked by the 1st Marine Parachute Battalion numbering 397 people.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The attack was scheduled for noon, as there was not enough aircraft to simultaneously cover the landing forces on Guadalcanal, Tulagi and Gavutu.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[28] The previous shelling destroyed the seaplane ramp, as a result of which amphibious assault ships were to land the Marines in a more open place on a nearby small beach and at the docks at the point.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Japanese machine gun fire caused heavy losses among the US Marines, killing or injuring one in ten, as they came under crossfire from both islands as they moved through the island.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Marines were able to install two Browning machine guns, with which they suppressed fire from the caves of Gavutu, which allowed them to continue landing and advance deep into the island.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Waiting for cover, the Marines dispersed and soon their situation became critical.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Captain George Stallings, who commanded the battalion, ordered the Marines to fire heavy machine guns and mortars at the positions of Japanese machine gunners on Tanambogo.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Soon, American dive bombers dropped several bombs on Tanambogo, reducing the intensity of fire from the island.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

About two hours later, the Marines reached and climbed Hill 148.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Moving to the top, the Marines cleared the positions of the Japanese on the hill, from most of which continued to fire, with explosives, grenades, and engaging in hand-to-hand combat.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[31] After reaching the top of the hill, the Marines also had the opportunity to increase the intensity of fire on Tanambogo.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[32] The commander of the Marine Corps battalion at Gavutu radiated to General Rupertus, requesting reinforcements before the attack on Tanambogo began.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Most of Tanambogo's 240 Japanese defenders were flight and technical personnel of the Yokohama Air Group.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Rupertus sent only one company of Marines from the 1st Battalion of the 2nd Marine Regiment from Florida to help the advancing on Tanambogo, ignoring the opinion of members of his headquarters that one company is not enough for this.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Wrongly believing that Tanambogo had weak defenses, the company launched an amphibious attack directly on Tanambogo immediately after dark on August 7.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Illuminated by volleys of artillery fire from US warships shelling the island, 5 Marine Corps amphibious assault ships came under heavy fire after they approached the shore, many sailors on them were killed or injured, three boats were seriously damaged.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Realizing the unsuitability of his position, the company commander ordered the remaining boats to pick up the wounded, and he ran along the dam to Gavuta with a dozen infantrymen who had already landed.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Japanese on Tanambogo lost only 10 people killed during the fighting that day.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Throughout the night, the Japanese launched Marine attacks on Gavuta under the guise of tropical storms, Vandegrift prepared to send reinforcements to help the advancing Tanambogo.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The 3rd Battalion of the 2nd Marine Regiment (3/2) was still on ships near Guadalcanal, ready to join Tanambogo's attackers on August 8.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

At 10:00 on August 8, the landing of troops from the third battalion on Gavuta began.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Later, they take part in the destruction of the remaining defensive structures on the island, which was completed by noon.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[36] The 3rd Battalion then prepared to attack Tanambogo Island.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The marines on Gavata were provided with fire support before the attack.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

In preparation for the assault, dive bombers from American aircraft carriers and artillery fire from ships were called.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

After planes accidentally dropped bombs on US Marines in Gavuta, killing four people, subsequent air support was canceled.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

However, the light cruiser San Juan unmistakably sent volley after volley to the desired island, bombarding Tanambogo for 30 minutes.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Marines resumed their offensive at 16:15 simultaneously from amphibious assault boats and along the dam and, with the support of two Stuart light tanks, moved to the Japanese defensive positions.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

One of the tanks, which stopped and was isolated from the Marines, was surrounded by a “furious crowd” of about 50 Japanese.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

They set fire to the tank, killing two crew members and beating two other tankers before most of them were killed by the Marines.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Americans later counted 42 Japanese corpses around the burnt tank wreck, including an officer from the Yokohama Air Group and several seaplane pilots.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

One of the Japanese survivors of the attack on the tank wrote: “I remember seeing my commander Captain 3rd Rank Saburo Katsutu on the tank turret. This was the last time I saw him.”


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

During the day, the Marines methodically blew up the entrances to the caves, destroying most of them by 9:00pm. [38] Several Japanese survivors conducted solo raids throughout the night, which ended hand-to-hand combat.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

By noon on August 9, Japanese resistance on Tanambogo was over.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

[39] During the battles for Gavutu and Tanambogo, 476 Japanese soldiers and 70 US marines and sailors were killed.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Of the 20 prisoners of war captured in battle, most were not Japanese soldiers, but Korean builders who were part of the Japanese construction unit.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Guadalcanal landing


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Unlike the landing on Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo, the landing on Guadalcanal met much less resistance.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

At 09:10 on August 7, General Vandegrift with 11,000 marines landed on Guadalcanal between Cape Coli and Lunga.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Heading towards Cape Lunga, they met no resistance other than a dense rainforest, and stopped overnight at a distance of about 1,000 meters from the airfield at Cape Lunga.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The next day, again facing only minor resistance, the Marines approached the Lunga River and captured the airfield by 16:00 on August 8.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Japanese construction units left the airfield area, leaving behind food, building materials and construction equipment, as well as cars.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Follow-up events


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

During the battle, about 80 Japanese from Tulagi and Gavutu-Tanambogo swam to Florida.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

However, all of them were then found and eliminated by Marines and British patrols over the next two months.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The Allies soon began using the Tulaga anchorage, one of the best natural harbors in the South Pacific, by building a naval base and a gas station.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

During the campaign on Guadalcanal and the Solomon Islands, Tulagi served as an important base for Allied naval operations.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Since the Japanese fleet gained control of the surrounding sea at night and throughout the Guadalcanal campaign, Allied ships at Guadalcanal that could not go to sea until at dawn, usually found shelter in Tulagi harbor.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Ships damaged in naval battles from August to December 1942 usually anchored at Tulagi harbor and underwent temporary repairs before leaving for rear ports for major repairs.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

During the Guadalcanal campaign, Tulagi Island was the base of American torpedo boats.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

These torpedo boats participated in attempts to suppress Tokyo Express flights that were bringing reinforcements and supplies to Japanese troops on Guadalcanal.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

In addition to the small contingent left for the construction, garrison service, maintenance and protection of the Tulagi base, most of the marines who captured Tulagi and nearby islands were redeployed to Guadalcanal to protect the airfield, later named Henderson Field by the Allies, located at Cape Lunga, which was the target of all future major ground battles during the battle for Guadalcanal.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

memento


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

The escort aircraft carrier of the US Navy Tulagi, which was in service from 1943 to 1946, was named in memory of the landing on the island of the same name.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Notes


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Literature


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

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Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

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Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Online views of selections of the book:


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

References


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

- Interactive battle animation


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

- Photographs of Guadalcanal from 1942 and our time.


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Category:Battles alphabetically


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Category: Naval battles of World War II


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Category: Naval battles of Japan in World War II


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Category:Battles of the Pacific War


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Category:Solomon Islands campaign


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Category:US Naval Battles


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Category:Conflicts of 1942


Question: Which country won the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Battle for Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo

Category: August 1942


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Walter Benjamin (July 15, 1892 — September 27, 1940) was a German philosopher, cultural theorist, aesthetician, literary critic, essayist, and translator, one of the most influential cultural philosophers of the 20th century [1].


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin's works form the basis of modern understanding of modernism [2].


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Biography


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Walter Benedict Schoenflees-Benjamin was born on July 15, 1892 in Berlin to a wealthy middle-class Jewish family Emil Benjamin and Paulina Schönflis.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

My father was engaged in trade and investment.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

In addition to Walter, the family had two children: Georg, born in 1895, and Dora, born in 1901 [3].


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

On his mother's side, he is related to Heinrich Heine.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

From 1917 to 1930, he married Dora Kellner, whom he divorced for Anna Latsis.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

In December-January 1926-1927, trying to establish relations with Latsis, he visited Moscow.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

The trip to the USSR was undertaken with advance funds allocated by Martin Buber for future articles about the USSR for Die Kreatur magazine.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

According to philosopher Mikhail Ryklin, another reason for Benjamin's trip was the bankruptcy of his father's antique enterprise: the philosopher went to the Soviet Union, including in search of publications with which he could collaborate as a correspondent [4] — which he failed.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

In Moscow, Benjamin regularly went to the theater, wrote a lot, and worked in archives.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

The trip resulted in four articles published in January 1927 and an essay “Moscow”, completed after returning from the USSR.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

While in Moscow, Benjamin also regularly kept a diary in which he described his impressions of the Soviet capital and touched on his painful relationship with Anna Latsis and Bernhard Reich.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

The Moscow Diary, preserved among archival materials, was later published.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

As a Jew, anti-fascist and radical left, he emigrated to France after the Nazis came to power.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

After the occupation of France in 1940, he was going to travel through Spain to the United States, having already evacuated most of the archive there.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

However, at the border crossing with Spain, he was told that those who did not have a visa should be returned to France.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin was allowed to spend the night at the local Hotel de Francia, where he committed suicide on the night of September 26-27, 1940, after poisoning with morphine.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

The next day, impressed by the tragedy, the Spaniards missed the whole group (it safely reached Lisbon on September 30), and a few days later, the restrictions were lifted altogether.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Thanks to this, Hannah Arendt was also able to cross the Spanish border, who was greatly influenced by Benjamin's ideas, who transported one of the versions of his text “On the Concept of History” to the United States which she published under the title “Abstracts on the Philosophy of History”.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

In Berlin, there is a memorial plaque at 66 Prinzregentenstraße, where Benjamin lived from 1930 to 1933.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

And not far from Kurfürstendamm is Walter Benjamin Square.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

The life and death of Benjamin is dedicated to Bruno Arpaya's novel Angel of History (2001), Brian Fernihou's opera Dark Time (2004), etc.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Views


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

He was strongly influenced by Marxism (which in a peculiar way combined with traditional Jewish mysticism and psychoanalysis), stood at the origins of the Frankfurt School.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

The most famous work in Russia is “A Work of Art in the Age of its Technical Reproducibility”; he came up with the idea that has become widespread in our time about the aura that the replicated a masterpiece.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A conductor of French culture, he translated Marcel Proust and Charles Baudelaire, to whom he devoted a number of works that set out his historical views.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Many works (for example, the book “Berlin Childhood at the Turn of the Century”, which anticipated the historical approach of the second half of the 20th century) were published posthumously.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

He intended to present his views on the philosophy and methodology of history in a work devoted to the Paris passages of the XIX century, which remained unfinished (sketches and archival materials for it today are also published).


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin's historical concept is presented in the most concentrated form in his article “On the Concept of History”.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

The famous article “A Work of Art in the Age of Its Technical Reproducibility” (1936) largely echoes György Lukacs's “Theory of the Novel” (1916) and Ernst Bloch's “The Spirit of Utopia” (1918).


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Hannah Arendt, who knew Benjamin well, called him a master of poetic thought [5].


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Prominence


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin's ideas began to gain popularity in the second half of the 20th century.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A special merit in this among Benjamin's colleagues and friends belongs to Theodor Adorno and Gershom Scholem.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

It was they, primarily Adorno, who sought to comprehensively and systematically introduce the European reader to the works and ideas of the thinker.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

However, Adorno introduced, first of all, Benjamin, a philosopher, Benjamin, a cultural theorist.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Other aspects of Benjamin's work were hidden for a long time to researchers, they were not given enough attention.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Adorno did not share Benjamin's works in terms of significance and “need”.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Therefore, literally all materials discovered — published and unpublished during the lifetime of the thinker — related to him, including records, notes related to the process of working on individual Adorno tried to collect in one place, and as a result, at the University of Frankfurt am Main, where the philosopher worked, the “Benjamin archive” arose, which he stored and provided for study .


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

It was the materials of this archive that formed the basis of Benjamin's Gesammelte Schriften, on which Adorno worked in the last years of his life.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin began to be seen as an example of ideological resistance to established concepts of social sciences, including Marxism, which limited a critical view of events and phenomena.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

The history of the Basic Group of the Walter Benjamin Institute, formed for a short time by students at the end of the winter semester 1967/1968 as a sign of disagreement with the traditional teaching system, is indicative German studies.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Interestingly, Theodor Adorno did not support this youth protest.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Seven volumes of the Gesammelte Schriften were published between 1972 and 1989.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Between 1995 and 2000, six volumes of Benjamin's letters to known and unknown recipients were published between 1910 and 1940.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Today, Benjamin's study is carried out on the basis of materials from the Walter Benjamin Archive, which is located at the Academy of Arts in Berlin, where in 2004 the materials of the “Benjamin Archive” from Frankfurt am Main and where by that time the materials collected in the GDR were concentrated.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

According to David Kaufmann, a modern researcher and specialist in the Frankfurt School, from 2005 to 2010, more than 300 books and articles on Benjamin were published in English alone.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Kauffmann writes [6]:


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

It's always been difficult to pinpoint Benjamin.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A Marxist evader, a heretic Jew, a dissident social theorist, a spirit of deconstruction — he was so much for so many.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

It is equally difficult to describe what he did, partly because America does not produce such intellectuals.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

His main works were written in Berlin in the 1920s and then in Paris in the 1930s; Benjamin was not just a book columnist, although he wanted to be the best in Germany.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

He was hardly a journalist, although much of his many works were written for newspapers.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

He was not a philosopher, but he is seen as such.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

To use an old-fashioned expression, Benjamin was a writer.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

But even that wouldn't be fair.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Essays


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Main writings


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Zur Kritik der Gewalt (Criticism of Violence/1921).


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Goethes Wahlverwandtschaften (Goethe's Elective Affinities/1922)


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Ursprung des deutschen Trauerspiels (The Origin of German Baroque Drama, 1928)


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Einbahnstraße (One-Way Street, 1928),


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit (“A work of art in the era of its technical reproducibility”, 1936)


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Berliner Kindheit um neunzehnhundert (“Berlin Childhood at the Turn of the Century” /1950, published posthumously),


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Über den Begriff der Geschichte (“On the Concept of History”, 1939; published posthumously).


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Das Paris des Second Empire bei Baudelaire (The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire/1938)


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Almost all of Benjamin's works and archival documents, as well as letters, are published in:


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Gesammelte Schriften.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

7 Bände.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Frankfurt/M.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

, 1972—1989.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Gesammelte Briefe.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

6 Bände.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Frankfurt/M.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

, 1995—2000.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Books in Russian


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. A work of art in the era of its technical reproducibility.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Selected essays/Under.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

ed.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

YU.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A. Healthy — M.: Medium, 1996.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

(Essay dep.:,;;)


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Moscow diary/Transl. with him.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

and approx.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

S. Romashko; LS.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

ed.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

and afterwards.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

M. Ryklin; predisl.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

G. Sholem.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Ad Marginem, 1997.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 224 p. — (Philosophy along the edges).


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— ISBN 5-88059-029-1


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Insights /Per. N. M. Bernovskaya, Yu.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A. Danilova, S. A. Romashko.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Martis, 2000.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 376 p. ()


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Franz Kafka = Franz Kafka/Per. M. Rudnitsky.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Ad Marginem, 2000.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 320 p. — (Philosophy along the edges).


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— ISBN 5-93321-015-3)


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. The origin of German baroque drama.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Agraf, 2002.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 288 p. — ISBN 5-7784-0210-4


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Masks of Time: Essay on Culture and Literature = Masken der Zeit: Essays zur Kultur und Literatur/Transl. with him.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

and fr.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

; comp.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

, predisl.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

and note.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A. Belobratova.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— SPb.: Symposium, 2004.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 478 p. — (IQ) ISBN 5-89091-235-6


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. The doctrine of similarity.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Media aesthetic works.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— MOSCOW: RSUH, 2012.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 288 p. — ISBN 978-5-7281-1276-1


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. One-way street/Trans. with him.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

edited by I. Boldyreva.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Ad Marginem, 2012.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— ISBN 978-5-91103-123-7


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Berlin childhood at the turn of the century/Transl. s nem.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

G. IN. Snezhinskaya, nauch.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

ed.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A. IN. Belobratova.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Ad Marginem; Yekaterinburg: “Cabinet Scientist”, 2012.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 144 p.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Central Park/Transl. with him.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A. Yarina.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Grundrisse, 2015.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 128 p. — ISBN 978-5-904099-15-2


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. /Per. S. Romashko.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Ad Marginem, 2015. — 143 p.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Ad Marginem, 2015.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 224 p.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. German people.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Anthology of letters of the XVIII—XIX centuries/Transl. s nem.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A. Glazova, M. Lepilova, S. Romashko A. Yarina.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— M.: Grundrisse, 2015.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 196 p. ISBN 978-5-904099-16-9


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Articles in Russian


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. I'm unpacking my library (book collector speech) /Per. N. Tishkova//A person reading.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

HOMO LEGENS.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Writers of the 20th century on the role of the book in human life and society/Comp.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

S. AND. Belza.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— Moscow: Progress Publ., 1983.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— P. 278—287.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Paris is the capital of the XIX century//Historical and Philosophical Yearbook.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— MOSCOW, 1991.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

(Publ. 1955; abstracts of the unfinished Paris Passages.)


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Objection to Oscar A. G. Schmitzu//Film studies notes.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— No. 58.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— P. 106—108.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Agesilaus Santander//Foreign literature.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 1997.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— No. 12.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. /Translation and afterword by Sigurdur Ingolfsson, with the participation of O. IN. Nikiforova//Logos.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 1993.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— No. 4.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— PP. 151—175.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Robert Walser/Per. A. Glazova


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

A. Yarina//Foreign literature.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 1997.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— No. 12.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

Benjamin V. Franz Kafka/Transl. s nem.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

and approx.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

G. Notkina//Zvezda.


Question: What language did Walter Benjamin write in?

Walter Benjamin

— 2000.