Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

—1949.—№ 77.—April 20.


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

—S.


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

Zimbitsky N. “A medal for a battle, a medal for labor from one metal is poured!” : [theme of the day]//Peasant Week.


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

—2007.—July 21.


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

—S.


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

1, 4.


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

Notes


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

References


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

from British journalist Graham Philips on YouTube


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

Category:Urban-type settlements in Luhansk Oblast


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

Category:Populated places in Krasnodonsky District


Question: On which river is Novosvetlovka located?

Novosvitlovka, Lugansk Oblast

Category:Sarmatians


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiator (Latin: gladiator - “swordbearer”, from gladius - “sword”, “gladius”) is a fighter in ancient Rome who fought with similar people for the fun of the audience in special arenas.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

History


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The main reason for the emergence of gladiatorial games was a funeral rite borrowed from the Etruscans, similar to the ancient sumo struggle in Japan.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Potential victims of human sacrifices — not only slaves, but also free — had to fight with swords in their hands near the grave, and thus the weak died, and the strong survived, delighting those present.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Many slaves volunteered to enter the gladiator school, as fighting in the arena and winning the respect of the public, they could win their freedom.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Often, slaves started fights with each other in order to show their strength in front of the masters.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

At the gladiator school, newcomers expected harsh training, many could not cope with the heavy load.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In 105 BC


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

gladiatorial games are introduced into the number of public shows.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

From now on, the State entrusts its magistrates with the care of their organization.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiatorial games are becoming a favorite spectacle in the capital and throughout the country, and this is quickly taken into account by those who want to move forward.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Caesar in 65 BC


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

gave games in which 320 pairs of gladiators took part.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

His enemies were frightened: it was not only these armed fellows that were terrible; it was scary that luxurious games had become the right way to gain the favor of the people and secure votes in the elections.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In 63 BC


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

at the suggestion of Cicero, a law was passed prohibiting a candidate for magistrates from “giving gladiators” for two years before elections.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

No one, however, could forbid a private person to “give” them under the pretext of a funeral for his relative, especially if the latter bequeathed his heir to arrange games.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In 63 A.D.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Emperor Nero issued a decree allowing free women to participate in gladiatorial tournaments.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In 66, Nero staged an expensive performance in the city of Puteoli in honor of the Armenian king Tiridates I, in which Ethiopians, including women, participated.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

And Emperor Domitian brought dwarf gladiators into the arena in 89.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In 325, Constantine the Great convened the First Ecumenical Council in Nicaea, contributing in every possible way to the spread of Christianity; in the same year he promulgated his edict in Berit (now Beirut), condemning” bloody games” throughout the Roman Empire.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

From now on, courts were ordered to send criminals not “to the arena”, but to hard labor in the mines.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

However, apparently, the emperor's edict influenced primarily the eastern provinces of the Empire.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

On the Apennine Peninsula itself, where gladiatorial games once arose, Constantine himself contributed to the abolition of his own edict by giving priests in Umbria and Etruria, the right to organize such games, and since then gladiatorial games began to revive everywhere.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Despite this, the Christian Church stubbornly continued to seek a final ban on bloody fun.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In 357, Emperor Constantine II forbade all Roman soldiers and officers to voluntarily enter gladiatorial schools.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Eight years later, in 365, Emperor Valentinian confirmed the Edict of Constantine prohibiting Roman judges from sentencing criminals “to the arena”, and in 399 Emperor Honorius closed the last gladiator schools.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The final and absolute ban on gladiatorial fighting followed again five years later.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The reason for this was the case described by Bishop Theodorite of Kirra (c. 393—460 BC).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In 404, a certain Telemachus, a Christian monk from Asia Minor, jumped into the arena and rushed between the fighting, trying to separate them.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

This pious zeal cost him his life: an angry crowd attacked the peacemaker and tore him to pieces.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

However, Telemachus's sacrifice was not in vain: under the impression of his martyrdom, Emperor Honorius forever banned gladiatorial games.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Finger gesture


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In the case when the gladiator was wounded and could not fight, he raised his index finger up, thus asking the audience to decide his fate.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Depending on the opinion of the crowd, the winner had to finish off the recumbent or keep him alive if he deserved to live by valiant resistance.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In the games held in Rome itself, the crowd “voted” with gestures that changed over time.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

If the gladiator was able to impress the audience with his military prowess, he could be pardoned.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The noble Romans who staged battles could pardon the gladiator, but it was shameful for them to save the life of every gladiator, as they could be considered stingy.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Although it is widely believed that “raised finger” meant “life” and lowered meant “death” (in this form, gestures are now used for approval and condemnation), in most ancient games, regardless of directions, the protruding finger meant “death”, symbolizing the finishing sword, and “Life” meant simply a hidden thumb in a fist, symbolizing a sword in a sheath.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Shouts with wishes also played an important role.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The belief that the crowd of ancient Roman mob gave life or death to the defeated gladiator by turning their thumb up or down arose after the appearance of the painting “Pollice verso” by artist Jean-Leon Jerome on the basis of an incorrectly interpreted Latin text [1].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Also, many researchers come to the conclusion that the emperor did not lower his finger down, but put it sideways and, bending his arm, touched his neck.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The fact is that the victorious gladiator lowered the defeated to his knees and, in the event of a death sentence, plunged the blade deep vertically down into the neck, behind the collarbone, piercing the heart.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Thus, the emperor literally indicated where to strike.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Battle classification


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiatorial naval battles were called naval battles.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiator classification


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Andabat (from the Greek word “anabata” - “raised, located on a hill”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They were dressed in chain mail, like eastern cavalry (cataphracts), and helmets with visors without slits for the eyes.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The Andabats fought each other in much the same way as knights in medieval jousting tournaments, but without being able to see each other.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The bestiary.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Armed with a dart or dagger, these fighters were not originally gladiators, but criminals (noxia) sentenced to fight predatory animals, with a high probability of death of the sentenced person.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Later, bestiaries became well-trained gladiators specializing in fighting various exotic predators with darts.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The battles were organized in such a way that the animals had little chance of defeating the bestiary.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

A bustuary.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

These gladiators fought in honor of the deceased at ritual games during the funeral ceremony.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Dimacher (from the Greek “dimcariros” - “carrying two daggers”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They used two swords, one in each hand [2].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

We fought without a helmet and shield.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They were dressed in a short soft tunic, their arms and legs were bandaged with tight bandages, and sometimes wore leggings.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Equit (“rider”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In early descriptions, these lightly armed gladiators wore scale armor, wore a medium-sized round cavalry shield (parma equestris), a brimmed helmet, without a comb, but with two decorative brushes.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

During the Empire, they wore forearm armor (manika) on their right hand, a sleeveless tunic (which distinguished them from other gladiators who fought naked), and a belt.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Equits started the fight on horseback, but after they threw their spear (hasta), they dismounted and continued to fight with a short sword (gladius).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Equits usually only fought against other equities [3].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gall.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They were equipped with a spear, helmet and a small Gallic shield.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Hoplomach (from the Greek “plomaccos” - “armed fighter”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

A fairly common type of gladiator.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

He imitated Greek hoplites with his equipment.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The word hoplomachus itself comes from the Greek plomacos (“armed fighter” or “warrior with hoplon”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Hoplomach's armor consisted of a helmet, a small round Parma shield or a large legionnaire shield made of one sheet of thick bronze (samples from Pompeii have been preserved), quilted windings (fasciae) on both legs or high leggings (ocreae), manica forearm armor on the right arm.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The hoplomach's helmet had wide margins, a visor with a lattice, the upper reaches with a plume.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Feathers were inserted on the sides of the helmet.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

He was armed with a hasta spear (hasta) and a pugio dagger.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The spear allowed the hoplomach to fight at a long distance.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In case of losing a spear, the hoplomach went into close combat, fought with a dagger.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Traditional opponents of Hoplomach were Mirmilon or, less often, Thracian [4].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Lacweary (“lasso fighter”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Lacquearies could be a type of retiarians who tried to catch their rivals with a lasso (laqueus) instead of a net [2].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Moormillon.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They wore a helmet with stylized fish on the crest (from the Latin “murmillos” - “sea fish”), as well as manika, a loincloth and belt, a leg on the right leg, thick windings covering the top of the foot, and very short armor with a stuffing notch at the top of the foot.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The Murmillons were armed with gladius (40-50 cm in length) and a large rectangular shield of Roman legionaries (scutum).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They were put up for battles against the Thracians, the Retiarians, and sometimes also against the Hoplomachs [5].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Pegniary.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They used a whip, a club and a shield that was attached to the left hand with straps.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Provocateur (“job seeker”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Their uniforms could be different, depending on the nature of the games.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They were depicted wearing a loincloth, a belt, a long leg on their left leg, a manica on their right hand, and a helmet with a visor, without brims and a comb, but with feathers on each side.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They were the only gladiators protected by a cuirass (cardiophylax), which was first rectangular, then often rounded.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The provocateurs were armed with gladius and a large rectangular shield.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They were put up for fights with samnites or other provocateurs [6].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Retiary (“fighter with a net”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They appeared at the dawn of the Empire


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They were armed with a trident, dagger and net.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

In addition to a loincloth supported by a wide belt (balteus) and a large armor on his left shoulder joint, the retiary did not wear any clothing, including a helmet.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Sometimes a metal shield (galerus) was used to protect the neck and lower face.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

There were retiaries who played female roles in the arena (“retiarius tunicatus”), who differed from ordinary retiarians in that they were dressed in a tunic [7].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Retiaries usually fought secutians, but sometimes murmillons [8].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The rudiary.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiators who deserved liberation (awarded a wooden sword called rudis), but decided to remain gladiators.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Not all rudiaries continued to fight in the arena, there was a special hierarchy among them: they could be coaches, assistants, referees, fighters, etc. Rudiaria fighters were very popular among the public, as they had a lot of experience and you could expect a real show from them.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Sagittariy.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

archers armed with a flexible bow capable of firing an arrow at a long distance.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Samnit.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The Samnites, an ancient type of heavily armed fighter that disappeared in the early imperial period, indicated by its name the origin of gladiatorial fighting.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The historical Samnites were an influential alliance of Italian tribes living in the Campania region south of Rome, against which the Romans fought wars between 326 and 291 BC.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Samnites were equipped with a scutum, a feathered helmet, a short sword, and possibly a leg on their left leg [9].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Secutor.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

This type of fighter was specially designed for fights with retiaries.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Secutors were a type of Murmillons and were equipped with similar armor and weapons, including a medium oval shield and gladius.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Their helmet, however, covered the entire face, except for two eye holes, to protect their face from their opponent's sharp trident.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The helmet was almost round and smooth so that the retiary's net could not catch on it [10].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Skissor (“the one who cuts”, “the cutter”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

A gladiator who was armed with a short sword (gladius) and instead of a shield had a cutting weapon resembling scissors (in fact, two small swords with one handle) or, in another scenario, put it on his left hand iron hollow rod with a sharp horizontal tip.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

With this cutting weapon, the skissor struck blows that led to minor wounds to the opponent, but the wounds bleed very much (several vessels were cut, which, of course, caused fountains of blood).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The rest of the scissor was like a secutor, except for the additional protection of the right hand (from shoulder to elbow), which consisted of many iron plates fastened together by strong leather laces.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The helmet and protective ammunition of secutors and scissors were the same:


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Tertiary (also called “suppositicius” - “substitutes”).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Three gladiators participated in some competitions.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

First, the first two fought each other, then the winner of this fight fought with the third, who was called the tertiary.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Tertiaries also came on as a substitute if the gladiator announced for the fight for one reason or another could not enter the arena.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Thracian.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The Thracians were equipped with the same armor as the Hoplomachs.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They had a large helmet covering the entire head and decorated with a stylized griffin on the forehead or on the front of the crest (the griffin was the symbol of the goddess of retribution Nemesis), small round or flattened a shield (parmula), and two big leggings.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Their weapon was a Thracian curved sword (sicca, about 34 cm long).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They usually fought murmillons or hoplomachs [10].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The venator.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They specialized in demonstration hunts for animals, without fighting them in close combat, like bestiaries.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Venators also performed tricks with animals: putting their hand in the mouth of a lion; riding a camel, holding lions on a leash nearby; forcing the elephant to walk on a tightrope (Seneca Ep. 85.41).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Strictly speaking, the venators were not gladiators, but their performances were part of gladiatorial fights.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

A pregenary.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

We performed at the beginning of the competition to “warm up” the crowd.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

They used wooden swords (rudis) and wrapped cloth around the body.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Their fights took place to the accompaniment of cymbals, pipes and water organs (hydraulis).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Essedary (“chariot fighter”, from the Latin name for the Celtic chariot - esseda).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Perhaps for the first time they were brought to Rome by Julius Caesar from Britain.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Essedaries are mentioned in many descriptions dating back to the 1st century AD.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Since there are no images of the Essedaries, nothing is known about their weapons and manner of warfare [2].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Preserved arenas


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Colosseum


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Mark Antony Gordian Amphitheater in Tisdre (El Jem, Tunisia) is the second largest amphitheater after the Colosseum


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Arena di Verona — now turned into an open-air opera venue, one of the symbols of Verona


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Lutetia arenas


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The amphitheater in Pula in Croatia.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

According to some reports, this amphitheater is one of the best preserved to this day after the Colosseum


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The amphitheater in Pompeii is the oldest known amphitheater


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiatorial fighting arenas have also been preserved in various cities of Italy and in many Mediterranean countries.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Famous gladiators


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

One of the most famous gladiators is Spartacus.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Spartacus's associates: [11]


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Crix.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Crix's Assistants:


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Guy Gunnick


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Caste


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Enomai


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Publicor, the only ally who survived Spartacus, later joined Lucius Sergius Katilina


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The Roman Emperor Commodus loved to fight in the arena as a gladiator (he fought 735 battles) [12].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Flamma is a gladiator secutor originally from Syria


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiator fights in other countries


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The Aztecs fought in which the intended victim fought off with imaginary weapons four warriors armed with real weapons, who fought as if intended for sacrifice really armed [13].


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiators in cinema


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Androkle and the Lion is a film directed by Chester Erskine and Nicholas Ray (USA, 1952)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Spartacus — film directed by Riccardo Fred (Italy, 1953)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Demetrius and the Gladiators is a film directed by Delmer Daves (USA, 1954)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The Last Days of Pompeii is a film directed by Sergio Corbucci and Sergio Leone (Italy, 1959)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“Spartacus” is a film directed by Stanley Kubrick (USA, 1960)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“Barabbas the Robber” — a film directed by Richard Fleischer (USA, Italy, 1961)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Son of Spartacus is a film directed by Sergio Corbucci (Italy, 1962)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“The Fall of the Roman Empire” — a film directed by Anthony Mann (USA, 1964)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“Two Gladiators” — a film directed by Mario Caiano (Italy, 1964)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“Spartacus and 10 Gladiators” — film directed by Nick Nostro (Italy, 1964)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“The Triumph of Ten Gladiators” — film directed by Nick Nostro (Italy, 1965)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

The Last Days of Pompeii is a series directed by Peter R. Hunt (UK, USA, Italy, 1984)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiator is a feature film directed by Ridley Scott (USA, 2000)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiatrix is a feature film directed by Timur Bekmambetov (USA, Russia, 2001)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“The Last Gladiator” is a feature film directed by Jorgo Papavasiliou (Germany, 2003)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“Spartacus” is a film directed by Robert Dornhelm (USA, 2004)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“Empire” is a series directed by John Gray, Kim Manners, Greg Yaytans (USA, 2005)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Spartacus: Blood and Sand is a series directed by Stephen S. De Knight (USA, 2010)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Spartacus: Gods of the Arena is a series directed by Stephen S. De Knight (USA, 2011)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Spartacus: Revenge is a series directed by Stephen S. De Knight (USA, 2012)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Spartacus: War of the Damned is a series directed by Stephen S. De Knight (USA, 2013)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Pompeii is a disaster film directed by Paul W. S. Anderson (USA — Canada — Germany, 2014)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiators in culture


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“Spartacus” ballet — Aram Khachaturian's ballet (1956)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

“Colosseum” is a song by “Aria” band (2002)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Deadly Warrior (season 1) (episode 1) - gladiator fought against Apache (2009)


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

See also


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Ludus Magnus


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Women gladiators


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Spartacus's


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Notes


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Literature


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Matthews Rupert.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiators/Trans. from English.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

N. IN. Mikelishvili.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— M.: World of Books, 2006.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— 320 p.: Il.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— ISBN 5-486-00803-1.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Nosov K. S. Gladiators.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— Moscow: Eksmo, 2010.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— 224 p.: Il.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— (Military History of Humanity).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— ISBN 978-5-699-41317-1.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Paolucci Fabrizio.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Gladiators.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Doomed to Death/Transl. from ital.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— Moscow: Niola-Press, 2010.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— 128 p.: Il.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— (Secrets of history).


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— ISBN 978-5-366-00578-4.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Helmut Hefling.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

Romans, Slaves, Gladiators: Spartacus at the Gates of Rome/Transl. s him.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

, afterwards.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

and comm.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

E.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

IN. Lyapustina.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— M.: Thought, 1992.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— 270 p.: Il.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

— ISBN 5-244-00596-0.


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

References


Question: When did gladiatorial fights be canceled?

Gladiator

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Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Ace Attorney, known in Japan as, is a series of quest video games created by Shu Takumi [1] and published by Capcom, in which players try on the role of a lawyer in a fictional judicial setting. based on the Japanese criminal investigation system, in order to obtain a “innocent” verdict for its clients, while conducting investigations, examining evidence and conducting cross-examination to witnesses.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The first three games in the series were released in Japan in Japanese between 2001 and 2004 on Game Boy Advance and were ported to Nintendo DS, as well as translated into English and other languages.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Starting with the fourth, games are immediately developed for DS.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

DS games and remakes take advantage of this platform, such as a microphone and touchscreen.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The series was released on WiiWare in Japan on December 15, 2009 and January 11, 2010 in North America.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The first three games were released on iOS in Japan and later abroad in a set called Ace Attorney Trilogy HD.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

A sequel to the series (Japanese:) is being prepared for publication, which is scheduled for release in Japan on July 9, 2015.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In most games, the main character is Phoenix Wright (English: Phoenix Wright).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In the fourth game, Apollo Justice becomes the new hero, and Athena Cykes joins the playable characters in the fifth game.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

One of the key characters in the series, Miles Edgeworth, is also the protagonist of two interquels, whose events take place between the third and fourth games.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The first Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney game was adapted in 2012 to the feature film “” directed by Takashi Miike (the film recreated the gameplay to the smallest detail, including holographic versions of the Court Records menu from the game).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In Dai Gyakuten Saiban, the main playable character will be Ryunosuke Naruhodo (in the story - the ancestor of Phoenix), a young Japanese law student.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Series overview


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Game world


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The games are set in a major city in 2016 and later; for the Japanese versions, it's just a city somewhere in Japan, while the North American and European versions are called Los Angeles, California [2].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Localization differences also reflect social differences between countries, such as the location of the driver's seat in cars.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In addition, the names of the main characters have been adapted during localization: for example, the main character of “Ryuichi Naruhodo”, whose last name is a play on words with the Japanese phrase “clear”, and the first kanji of the name is translated as “dragon” was renamed in Western versions to “Wright's Phoenix”, whose name refers to a phoenix rising from the ashes, and whose surname is a homophone for the word “right” (English: right) [2].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Characters and story


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Each game has its own story, but the characters from them and their relationships are transferred from game to game.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In the first three games, Phoenix Wright is the main playable character.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

He is an aspiring lawyer who just graduated from law school at the beginning of his first game and got a job at Fey & Co.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Law Offices, led by Mia Fay.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

A few years earlier, Mia defended Phoenix from prosecution in court.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

After Mia was killed, Phoenix, with the help of Mia's younger sister, Mai Fay, led the company and renamed it Wright & Co.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Law Offices.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The Faye family is a family of strong mediums, so Maya and her cousin Pearl (from English: Pearl) can sometimes summon the spirit of Mia to help Phoenix in the courtroom.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The main opponent in court for Wright is Attorney Miles Edgeworth.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The victories over him (and over his mentor Manfred von Karma) draw the attention of Phoenix to the attention of the third prosecutor, Franziska von Karma, who is determined to succeed where her father and “younger brother” failed, she turns to Edgeworth even though he is older than her.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In the third game, Phoenix's main opponent in court is a mysterious accuser named Godot, who seems to have some personal accounts with him.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

During the investigation of individual cases, various details of the past of all the heroes are gradually revealed, and then their destinies are tightly intertwined.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The plot of the fourth game takes place seven years after the completion of the third.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Phoenix, deprived of the right to practice law due to the use of falsified evidence (which he did not know about), became a pianist and adopted a magician girl named Tracy, and renamed the company Wright Talent Agency.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

He was accused of murder and therefore is looking for a young and talented lawyer Appollo Justice, hires him and hires him, changing the name of the office now to Wright Anything Agency.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

While Apollo and Tracy are working on cases, Phoenix is also working in the legal field, trying to make changes that can improve the conduct of the trial, including the introduction of a “jury trial” system that leaves a guilty or innocent decision to six jurors, and investigating all the mysteries surrounding the case seven years ago.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In chronology between Trials and Tribulations and Apollo Justice, the Investigations series of interquels takes place, in which Miles Edgeworth plays the main role.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

During and after his trip to Europe, Miles is involved in a series of incidents related to the big picture, including counterfeit money and counterfeiting art.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Other familiar characters, such as Franziska and Dick Gamshu, also appear in the games.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Other key characters in the series are Kai Faraday, who says she is the heir to the legendary thief Yatagarasu, and Shi-Long Lan, an Interpol agent who for some reason does not like prosecutors .


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

One case unfolds in the past and shows Miles and Franziska's mentor Manfred von Karma and describes Miles's first meeting with Kai and Gamsha.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Judicial system


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The court system in Ace Attorney games is strongly influenced by the civil law of the Japanese investigation process, rather than the adversarial principle of common law jurisdictions.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The game magazine published an article criticizing the Japanese legal system [3].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

According to this article, in Japan, a formal charge of a crime occurs only if they are fully convinced of guilt, and many lawyers may never get a verdict in their entire career.” innocent”, and prosecutors can use controversial testimony and any discrepancies in their favor [3].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

On the other hand, a scientific article written by J.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Mark Ramseyer of Harvard Law School and Eric B.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Rasmusen of Indiana University [4], argues that this is due to the fact that the investigation process uses judges who have been considering cases for years to reach a verdict, which makes the result extremely predictable and, as a result, Japanese prosecutors only press charges when the chance of conviction is close to absolute, which explains why 99% of Japanese prosecutors are found guilty cases, and in the US this figure is 88%.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Moreover, in Japan, a confession to a crime is not proof of guilt, only a confession that points to details that only the perpetrator can know, such as the weapon of murder or the method or the whereabouts of the body could be considered as evidence.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The magazine further reports that Japan has reintroduced a jury trial, which has not been used in the country since 1943 [3].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Although in fact, this is not entirely true.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Japan uses a system of assessors, where judges actively study evidence presented by both the defense and the prosecution.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

At the same time, the game reflects recent changes in Japan's judicial system.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Before Japan adopted the assessor system, murder trials took years (or even decades) before they were completed.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In Ace Attorney games, a person charged with murder faces a trial that cannot last longer than 3 days; if the lawyer fails to prove the client's innocence during this time, the accused will found guilty and the case will be referred to a higher court (for the player this means the end of the game).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

As in the real Japanese system, the case that reached the court is provided with more than sufficient evidence of the guilt of the accused in the game, and the various prosecutors encountered by the player are fully confident in the outcome courts and annoyingly manners [3].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

At the same time, lawyers (Phoenix and Apollo) are initially approached down by both the prosecutor and the judge and have to avoid cross-examination of witnesses that can lead to a dead end in order to avoid closing the case quickly and finding their client guilty.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Similarly, the police, represented in the game by characters such as Dick Gamshu, are portrayed as enthusiastic but incompetent in their work, usually to the displeasure of prosecutors [3].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Since judges are “inquisitors” during the search process who can study the evidence, the failure of the defense to indicate the meaning of further interrogation of witnesses leads to the end of the consideration of the case (and the end of the game).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Gameplay


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Basically, Ace Attorney games are quests in which you need to find evidence and present evidence in court.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Most of the graphics in the game are made using two-dimensional manga sprites with text dialogues, sound effects, and minimal animated scenes to simulate speech.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Each game consists of four to five cases, partially related to each other with sometimes returning supporting characters or similar elements of crime.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The game can be saved at any time.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Each case is divided into two parts: an investigation and a court session.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The investigation includes visiting key locations and talking to people involved in the case, as well as finding evidence.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In the second and third games, there are also “psyche locks”, that is, “spirit locks” (Edgeworth calls them “psycho locks”, that is, “psychological locks”).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

During the investigation, the lawyer can find such locks when the witness refuses to talk about something or lies, and then the hero must be provided with the right evidence to destroy the mental lock and get information.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

However, if in the first trilogy the locks were exclusively red (deliberate blocking of information) and they could be split by presenting evidence or asking the right questions, in parts 4 and 5 black locks appear (dark secrets of the soul, closed even from the consciousness of whose soul they hang on), which can only be torn off by emotions (part 5, in part 4 they were not removed from one of the characters by no means).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Court sessions usually consist of witness statements consisting of statements by witnesses.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The player can cross-query to find contradictions.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

To do this, the player can “put pressure” on the witness, clarifying details or asking for confirmation of individual points.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Sometimes pressure and the presentation of evidence lead to new statements in the testimony, and sometimes to completely new testimony.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

This is the only way to move forward in the game's storyline.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In the fourth game, a system of “observation” appears, which becomes active during interrogations.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The player can activate this system to take a closer look at the witness and try to understand their body language when the witness tries to hide something.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In the fifth part, you can also conduct a “psychological therapy session” (if Athena Sykes is present at the lawyer's bench), during which testimony and emotions are displayed.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Through this session, the player finds inconsistencies between words and emotions, as a result of which the witness can correct his testimony, the level of veracity of which depends on the “level of noise in the soul”.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Each successfully found emotion usually reduces the noise level (the exception was the interrogation of one of the witnesses in the 5th case, when he manipulated his emotions so much, trying to hide someone's participation in the incident that its noise level only increased, making psychological analysis partially useless, but then the truth was obtained by finding a contradiction of testimony to evidence).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

When the noise level reaches 0%, the readings are considered complete and accurate.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Since the player represents a defense in court, the player's goal is to get a verdict “innocent”.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In most cases, court sessions last two days, a maximum of three.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Between sessions, the player can visit related locations again to find new evidence or information.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

During the meetings, the player must identify the real killer using the information collected to clear the client of any suspicions.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

When the lawyer presents evidence in court, he points his finger and shouts:, which is accompanied by a cloud with this word.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

A silhouette with a pointing finger is located on the logo.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

He and the cloud are iconic images of the series.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

If a player presents incorrect evidence, tries to present it at the wrong time, or fails in another part of the interrogation, they lose their validity to the referee and if the player is too frequent make mistakes, the case will be closed ahead of schedule with the verdict “guilty”, and the player will have to reboot.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In addition, after the trial is over, the player may need to provide evidence that will reveal another part of the story.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In DS raimeks, the game uses, in addition to the usual controls, a touchscreen and microphone, which allows the player to shout key phrases at the right time: “Object!” (“I protest!”) , “Hold it!” (“Stop!”) , “Take that!” (“Here you go!”) , “Gotcha!” (“Got it!” , phrase by Apollo Justice, Apollo Justice Ace Attorney), “Got It!” (“Got it!” , lawyer's phrase in Dual Destinations), “Eureka!” (“Eureka!” , the phrase of Miles and Gregory Edgeworth in the Ace Attorney Investigations series) or “!” (Hi~! Yes! /Sir! — Ryunosuke Naruhodo's phrase in Dai Gyakuten Saiban) [5], — the ability to select the appropriate actions when you press the buttons still remains.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The remake of the first game included a specially designed fifth case, which included additional features that allowed you to use DS features, such as scattering powder, by tapping the touchscreen to search for prints, then blowing off excess powder cautiously into the microphone, or using DS's 3D rendering capabilities to inspect evidence from all angles; many key details can be revealed this way.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The fourth game in the series was the first to be developed immediately for DS without a previous release on GBA and includes some of these elements.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The fifth game, as well as the Professor Leighton vs. Phoenix Wright spin-off, was released on the Nintendo 3DS, as a result of which, in addition to the above features, inspection features were added to the gameplay rooms from different angles (however, DS in parts 1 and 4, as well as Investigations, already had a pseudo-three-dimensional examination of evidence).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In WiiWare versions, players could turn the Wii Remote forward when Phoenix shouted “Protest”.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In the two Investigations games, which are also divided into separate cases, the structure of events is not so much divided, as all events take place before the official trial and usually immediately after the commission of the crime, but is still conditionally divided into two parts.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

During the first, the player controls the main character Edgeworth, moving around the same room, collecting evidence and talking to witnesses.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

He will learn the key facts that will form the basis of the game's logic system.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

When a player believes that two facts are related, they can combine them to create a new causal relationship.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

A mistake in this action will disrupt Edgeworth's concentration, and too many misses will lead to the end of the game.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

And then Edgeworth begins questioning witnesses, which is similar in form to cross-examination in the courtroom in other games.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Professor Leighton v. Phoenix Wright and Dai Gyakuten Saiban introduced the feature of some historical judicial systems such as the simultaneous testimony and cross-examination by several as witnesses.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

With such a “simultaneous game session”, one of the options for promotion is to find contradictions between the testimony of two witnesses from the group.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Games


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Main series


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney The game was originally released for GBA in 2001, followed by Japanese and English ports for DS in 2005.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The plot features Phoenix Wright, Mia and Maya Fay, as well as Miles Edgeworth and supporting characters that will later appear in other games.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In the original GBA game, the game contained four cases; an additional fifth case, called Rise from the Ashes, was created specifically for the DS version, which also included additional research techniques based on DS capabilities, such as microphone and touchscreen, are presented.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The game has also been ported to iPhones and iPods.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney: Justice for AllThe second game was released on GBA in Japan in 2002, and then on DS in 2006 and 2007.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The game consists of four cases on all consoles and takes place about a year after the end of the first game.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Pearl Fay, cousin of the Fay sisters, and Franziska von Karma, daughter of Manfred von Karma, appear in it for the first time.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney: Trials and TribulationsThe third game was released on GBA in Japan in 2004, and DS ports in English and Japanese in 2007.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The game's plot takes place one year after the end of the previous game and features characters from both previous games.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In two cases, the player will control Mia Fay, as they will take place in the past, and part of the last case will have to be managed by Miles Edgeworth.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

There are five cases in the game.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney The fourth game was released in Japan in April 2007 and in North America on February 19, 2008.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

This is the first game in the series to be developed for the Nintendo DS from the very beginning.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The name in America was chosen as Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney, reflecting the change of the main character from Phoenix Wright to Apollo Justice (in the Japanese version).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

There are only four cases in the game.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Dual DestiniesThe fifth in the main series (eighth chronologically) game was released for 3DS in Japan in July 2013 and became available on the Nintendo eShop for players in October 2013 most countries in the world [7].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The main plot of this game is related to a new character - Athena Sykes, a recent graduate who joined the Phoenix Wright Law Office, who, after a long break, returns to trial practice.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Initially, players have 5 cases available to play, but it is possible to purchase a special episode of Turnabout Reclaimed for a fee [8].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney: Spirit of Justice


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The sixth in the main series (and the tenth in the overall Ace Attorney series) was released in Japan on June 9, 2016, and was available to North American and European players on September 8 of the same year [9].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The main events of the game take place in the Far Eastern kingdom of Kurain, where Phoenix Wright and Maya Fay face the local exotic judicial system and new orders that they look after a new character in the series is Ralph Padma Kurain.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The remaining in Los Angeles and acting management of the Agency Apollo Justice and Athena Sykes at this time also do not sit idle, conducting their own investigation.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The game has six full episodes and several short side scenarios that have a non-canonical story.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Investigations Series


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles EdgeWorthThe fifth game, Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth, (known in Japan as, and originally codenamed, was released in Japan on May 28, 2009 and in North America in February 2010.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

According to the plot, the events of the game take place after Ace Attorney 3, the game tells the story of Miles Edgeworth, his new assistant “great thief” Kai Faraday and detective Dick Gamshu.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Investigations are now conducted using a third person view, while witness interview/cross-examination has moved from the courtroom to the crime scene.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The rest of the gameplay remains the same as in previous games.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Gyakuten Kenji 2 The sixth game, Gyakuten Kenji 2, was released in Japan on February 3, 2011.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

It takes place two weeks after Gyakuten Kenji.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

A new element called “Logical Chess” has been added to the gameplay, similar to the psychological locks of past games, except that the player must select phrases in a certain order rather than evidence, to keep the conversation going.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

There are currently no plans to release the game outside Japan [10].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The game also features lawyer Raymond Shelds, Judge Christina Kaurtney, Prosecutor Sebastian Debest and Miles Edgeworth's father, Gregory Edgeworth, in addition to Miles Edgeworth, Kai Faraday, and Dick Gamshu.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Spin-offs


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Professor Layton vs.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Ace Attorney


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

is a crossover game between the Ace Attorney and Professor Layton series; it was developed jointly by Capcom and Level-5 for the Nintendo 3DS.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The game is described as a combination of two styles: solving puzzles and investigating crimes.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Shu Takumi, the main screenwriter of the original Ace Attorney, wrote the script for this game [11].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

— a prequel to the series, which takes place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (judging by the years of life of the prototypes of some characters and their biographies [12] [13], the action takes place on November 22, 1899 (the first case of the game) until the autumn of 1900).


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Only the main character (Ryunosuke Naruhodo, who is the ancestor of Phoenix in the plot) and one of the prosecutors (Taketsuchi Auchi is the ancestor of prosecutors Winston and Gaspen Paynes) are related to the heroes of previous episodes.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Among the key characters are Sherlock Holmes (a detective with whom Ryunosuke will work from the second case (on the steamer and, later, in London)), Dr. John H.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Watson (the victim in the first case) and his young daughter Iris (10-year-old writer and inventor, according to the plot of the game became a pupil and then assistant to Holmes after the events that took place in Baskerville Hall), as well as Japanese writer Natsume Soseki (accused in 4 cases) and his cat.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Other works


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

music


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The official Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney soundtrack was originally released by Suleputer on November 30, 2005 [14].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The soundtracks for the second, third, fourth and fifth games were also released [15] [16].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Capcom also released Gyakuten Saiban Orchestra Album: Gyakuten Meets Orchestra, with an orchestral arrangement of many songs from the game and its two sequels on September 9, 2006.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

A second CD with additional orchestral compositions by Ace Attorney was released for sale at the Tokyo Game Show 2006 and sold later that year.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

On March 31, 2007, another official album, Gyakuten Saiban Jazz Album: Gyakuten Meets Jazz, was released by Capcom [17].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

As its title suggests, the album consists of jazz arrangements.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Initially, all CDs were planned to be released only in Japan [18] [19], but later it was reported that they could still be released in North America [20].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

On April 20, 2008, a concert with music from Ace Attorney was given, and on July 16, 2008, the soundtrack was recorded and released under the title Gyakuten Saiban Tokubetsu Houtei 2008.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Manga


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The manga version, invented by Kenji Kuroda and illustrated by Kazuo Maekawa, began publishing in Kodansha's Bessatsu Young Magazine in August 2006.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Five volumes were published in North America by Kodansha USA [21].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Four manga anthologies created by various authors have been released in Japan, and all of them have been published worldwide by Del Ray.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The musical


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Capcom Japan, together with Takarazuka Review, created a musical for the Phoenix Wright games, which premiered in February 2009 [22] [23].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The main role was played by Tom Ranju.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Despite Japanese production, the names in the show were used from the English localization of the games.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The musical was well received, which led to the release of the sequel in August 2009 [24] [25].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The third musical,, was announced on July 31, 2012 [26] and performed in January 2013 [27].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Movie


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The feature film with live actors was created jointly by Nippon Television Network Corporation and Toho Co.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

, Ltd.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

and was released in Japan on February 11, 2012.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The film was directed by Takashi Miike, starring Hiroki Narimiya (Phoenix), Takumi Saito (Miles) and Mirei Kiritani (Maya) [28].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Appearing in other games


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Phoenix Wright, Franziska von Karma and Miles Edgeworth are the cards in play


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

SNK vs.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Capcom: Card Fighters DS.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Wright and Edgeworth also have cameos in the crossover game Marvel vs.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds, at the end for the Hulk Woman [29].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Phoenix Wright is one of the playable characters in Ultimate Marvel vs.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Capcom 3, where he is assisted by Maya, Missile and the referee, while Edgeworth, Franziska and Godot are maps in Heroes vs.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Heralds [30] [31].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Criticism


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Reviews


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Western editions of the games attracted the attention of the gaming press.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The series was hailed as a great quest in an already dying genre with great views, music and dialogues, while at the same time it was criticized for its straightforwardness and lack of interest in replaying and development of the series in different games [42] [43] [44].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The image of the judicial system in the game has been criticized as badly incorrect, not considering that it is not based on the one used in the United States; a review by GameSpot Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney noted that during the hearings the court should “be skeptical about everything that happens, because although everything looks very reliable, many things throughout the procedure could terrify the real representatives of the system proceedings” [45].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney — Justice for All was also criticized for the lack of unique features in the DS version presented in the previous game [43] [44].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Popularity


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Game sales are going well in Japan.


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The first two games sold about 400,000 copies in the GBA and DS versions, and the third game sold 250,000 copies on the GBA [46].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

The fourth game sold 160,000 copies on its first day alone, and sold 250,000 copies in its first week [46].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In the US, the first game was surprisingly successful, so Capcom had to re-release the game at least three times to meet the needs [47] [48].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

This is partly to blame for the initially low expectations of sellers such as Wal-Mart and Toys “R” Us, who missed the game; Capcom released nine to ten batches of three to four thousand each before Toys “R” Us requested 15,000 copies for sale [49].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

As of December 2009, this series was the ninth most successful series for the company's entire existence [50].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

In October 2010, Capcom announced that it had sold 3.9 million copies worldwide, and called the series “one of the most important parts of the company's intellectual property” [51].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

As of December 2011, the series had sold 4.2 million copies [52].


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

Notes


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

References


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

(in English)


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

(in Japanese)


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

(in Japanese)


Question: Where does Ace Attorney take place?

Ace Attorney

(in Japanese)


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Andrey Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter (March 13, 1944, Omsk) is a Russian scientist, criminologist, religious scholar, theologian; developer of mathematical, infological and legal support for automated information systems for various purposes; publicist, clergyman of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Biography


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Born on March 13, 1944 in Omsk during the evacuation of his mother from Moscow during the Great Patriotic War.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

The main place of residence since 1945 is Moscow.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Grandfather: (19/31.08.1898 — 08.02.1938), in 1929 head of the agitation and propaganda department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, from 1933 to 1936 - 1st Deputy People's Commissar of Education of the Ukrainian SSR, in 1936-1937 - Head Department of Arts under the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR, shot as an enemy of the people, fully rehabilitated on September 22, 1956 [1] [2] [3].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Father: Igor Andreevich Khvylya-Olinter (07.12.1921 — 23.08.2011), member of the Union of Artists of Moscow, Russia and the International Federation of Artists UNESCO [4].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Mother: Khvylya Vera Fedorovna (10.08. 1923 — 19.09.1998), housewife.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He is married and has a son and a daughter.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

From 1962 to 1967 he studied at the Radiophysics Department of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He graduated from the Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation (1975).


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He graduated from the two-year University of Journalism (1977).


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He studied at St. Tikhon's Orthodox Institute (1981—1985).


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Candidate of Legal Sciences (1996) He graduated from Belgorod Orthodox Theological Seminary (with a missionary orientation) in 2006.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Full member of the World Academy of Integrated Safety Sciences since February 2009.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He began his career in 1959 as a laboratory assistant at the Moscow Research Television Institute.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Then he worked as a senior laboratory assistant at the Central Maritime Research Institute, participated in the creation of specialized electronic computing systems.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He served in the Soviet Army from 1967 to 1969, serviced automated helicopter control systems.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

From 1970 to 2000, he held scientific and senior positions at the Main Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation [5].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He oversaw the areas of improving and supporting search and forensic records, creating automated information retrieval systems, including all-Russian fingerprint and similar systems, was personally responsible for the performance of the above tasks.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He directly developed mathematical, informational, linguistic and legal support for centralized automated information systems for forensic purposes.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He directly participated in information forensic interaction with law enforcement agencies of the federal and regional levels of Russia and the former USSR, as well as with many foreign law enforcement agencies.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

In 2000, he resigned on length of service from the post of deputy head of the center and with the rank of colonel of internal service.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He received the title of Veteran of Labor in 2004.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Since 2000, he has been serving [6] in the Russian Orthodox Church [7].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Deacon from 2002 to 2004 Priest since 2004. Archpriest since 2009 (Decree of His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia).


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

From 2002 to 2012, he was Vice-Rector for Research at the Belgorod Orthodox Theological Seminary (with a missionary orientation), taught as an associate professor at the Belgorod State university and was the head of sector [8] of the Synodal Missionary Department of the Russian Orthodox Church.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

From 2010 to 2012, he was a member of the Public Chamber of the Belgorod Region [9] and the Expert Council under the Directorate of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for the Belgorod Region.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

In the period from 1996 to 2011, he took part (as part of working groups) in the development of a number of federal and regional laws related to spiritual and religious security.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

In particular, he was the Executive Secretary of the Commission on Spiritual Security of the Expert Council on National Migration Policy and Interaction with Religious Associations under the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District [10], was a member of the working groups on the preparation of the draft Federal Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations” (1996— 1997) [11], the Concept of Missionary Activity of the Russian Orthodox Church [12], as well as the draft Federal Law “Social Partnership of the State and Religious Organizations” (2009) [13].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Since 2012, Deputy Head of the Sector of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [14] of the Synodal Department of the Moscow Patriarchate for Cooperation with the Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies [15].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Since 2012, Associate Professor of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia [16] and Associate Professor at the Orthodox St. Tikhon Humanitarian University (at the Center for Spiritual Education of Military Personnel [17])


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Hobbies and social activities


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Since school age, he was actively engaged in public work, mainly as a graphic designer, editor and author of publications of wall seals and various stands, was a regular participant in institute and departmental art exhibitions, as well as art and literary competitions.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He was fond of photography, artistic, decorative and jewelry homemade products, literary creativity.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

In summer, he worked in student construction brigades.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He was actively engaged in hiking, skiing and kayaking.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He spent several months on a geological expedition in the far north of the European part of Russia — the Timan Peninsula.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He was engaged in various sports: sambo wrestling, martial arts, rugby, parachuting, foil fencing.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

On military-patriotic topics, he worked for many years in the Committees of the DOSAAF GIC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and the Ministry


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

In 1994, he went on a pilgrimage trip to Palestine for Easter [18] and for many years regularly visited various monasteries in Russia.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He has repeatedly traveled on missionary trips to different regions of Russia from the European part to Sakhalin.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

In 2002-2003, as part of a creative group of three specialists, he participated in the All-Russian architectural and art competition for the best design of a tombstone over the relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in St. Bari.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

The project was among the winners [19].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Scientific creativity


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Andrey Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter is a specialist in the development and optimization of software, mathematical, infological and legal support, as well as the operation of expert automated information systems, systems for automated classification and recognition of forensic objects and expert information support for the disclosure and investigation of crimes, expert systems of classification and recognition of religious destructive cults, in the field of problems of spiritual and religious security.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

When creating real forensic expert systems (ADIS, AIPS Safe [20], Antiques, Identification [21], Weapons, Dossier, etc. [22]) in order to optimize forensic descriptions of the method of commission crimes (Modus operandi) and search features designed to build databases of automated information retrieval systems for technical and forensic purposes, modified and implemented algorithms for processing images and sound signals (in particular, equalization methods) [23].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

This made it possible to qualitatively improve the infological models of forensic accounting objects [24].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He has three patents and a copyright certificate for inventions.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic: “The use of forensic characteristics of crimes in automated information retrieval systems for technical and forensic purposes”.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

(Specialty: 12.00.09 — criminal procedure, criminalistics, theory of operational and investigative activity.) [25]


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Khvylya-Olinter A.I.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

became one of the scientists [26] who for the first time in the Ministry of Internal Affairs (and in the country as a whole) effectively solved an extremely complex and science-intensive problem — automation of the process of fingerprint identification and error-free search for information in huge arrays of fingerprint files of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, which was a significant contribution [27] to the development of fingerprinting and, as a result, the fight against crime [28].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Automated fingerprint systems were created that made it possible to store fingerprint maps and other operational accounting information in electronic form, as well as search and indexing algorithms ( coding) papillary patterns.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

In terms of complexity, these tasks were comparable to the manufacture of satellite image processing systems.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Research and development by A.I.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Husky Olinter are relevant and in demand in scientific and practical criminology [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34], forensic medicine [35] [36] [37] [38] [39], jurisprudence [40].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Since 2000, Khvylya-Olinter A. I. deals with the problems of spiritual and religious security and destructive cults in Russia on a methodological interdisciplinary basis (at the intersection of criminology and religious studies).


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

The main direction of scientific research during this period is the spiritual security and spiritual health of a person, family, society, as one of the most important factors in Russia's national security, which ensures real freedom of conscience.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Khvylya-Olinter A.I.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

contributed to the theory and practice of building and optimizing the space of features, automated description and comparison of various objects of forensic (destructive cults), religious studies and theological nature.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Currently, Khvylya-Olinter A. I. studies and develops to solve religious, theological, political science and criminological problems: methodology, mathematical, religious and theological methods and systems of description and classifications of religious cults (primarily destructive ones); structures, metrics and bases of spiritual and religious spaces.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He proposed a system of religious studies and other criteria [41] [42] criminological and forensic characteristics of the religious environment and individual cults.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He studies the problems of ensuring the criminological safety of the individual from the influence of such socially dangerous religious associations that show religious extremism.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Much attention is paid to the development of principles for countering the activities of destructive sects.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Works by A.I.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Khily-Olinter in this area are of scientific significance and are actively used by religious scholars [43] [44], sector scholars, criminologists, lawyers [45] [46], philosophers [44] [47], sociologists [48] [49] [50], political scientists [51] [52] [53], historians [54], psychiatrists [55] [56], cultural scientists [57] [58], teachers [59].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Criticism [60] [61] [62].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Khvylya-Olinter A.I.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

published more than ninety works, including monographs, textbooks, educational and methodological films (film studio of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and other film studios), reference books and teaching aids on spiritual and religious security, theology, religious studies and Orthodox culture.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Books by A.I.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Khily-Olinter “Religious Studies” [63], “Spiritual and Religious Foundations of National Security of Russia: for Employees of the Executive Authorities of the Russian Federation” [64] are recommended by the Ministry Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation as textbooks for cadets and students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in specialties 030501.65 — Jurisprudence, 030505.51 — Law Enforcement activities are included in the curricula of the country's universities [65] [66].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Also, the curricula of universities for courses in history of religions, religious studies, new religious movements, etc. include many other works by A.I.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Husky Olintera [67] [68] [69] [70] [71].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Khvylya-Olinter A.I.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

developed and put into practice a training and educational course “Spiritual Foundations of National Security of Russia” for civil servants of the Russian Federation.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

During the training, special emphasis is placed on revealing the state of spiritual security in various religious, ideological, moral, ideological and legal systems based on their original materials ( documents, books, etc.).


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

It also shows the influence of spirituality on morality, legal awareness and other components that form a person's lifestyle and views.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Classes under the program for strengthening spiritual security are implemented as part of service training, advanced training courses, during the retraining of senior personnel included in the federal reserve, and also at Higher Academic Courses (HAC) [72].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

When implementing such events, trips are also made to the dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church (Birobidzhan, Kostroma, Saratov [73], Kharkov, Chelyabinsk [74] [75] and others).


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

A special program was implemented in the Belgorod Region (2010—2011) [76] — approximately 1,500 administration officials and teachers of educational institutions were trained during a series of five-hour seminars Belgorod Oblast.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

This program was implemented jointly with the administration of the Belgorod Region.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Public reaction


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

In general, a patriotic and conscious part of the active Russian public perceives the activities of Khily-Olinter A. I. positively.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

This is evidenced by numerous positive reviews [77] [78], especially in Orthodox sources [79].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

He is often invited to scientific and practical conferences (see para. Additional list of publications) [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85], public speeches [86], lectures [87], discussions on spiritual security and spiritual health, destructive cults, various religious studies [88].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

However, certain marginal social strata reacted extremely negatively to the very idea of spiritual security.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Representatives of left-liberal public organizations [89] [90], as well as members of some new religious associations and satanist cults, object especially vigorously.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Among the most striking protests are:


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

1. The scandalous and well-known court [91]: Colonel of Internal Service, Deputy Head of the Criminal Information Center of the Main Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Candidate of Legal Sciences Khvyla - Olinter A. I. [92], as a civilian, was sued (dated 04.03.97) from the Center for Societies for Krishna Consciousness in Russia (CSCR), which contained two parts.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Claims were put forward to two statements of the book: Khvylya-Olinter A. I., Lukyanov S. A. Dangerous totalitarian forms of religious sects.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

— M.: Publishing house of the St. Vladimir Brotherhood, 1996.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

At the same time, the Court held a hearing on the claim filed by a committee headed by citizen Gleb Yakunin and some religious cults against A. L. Dvorkin, Doctor of Philosophy, Candidate of Theology, Head of the Irenei Lyonsky Center (the first court session was 03.04.97).


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Specifically, according to the statement of claim of the CJSCR, claims were made for two phrases:


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

1) “A number of even outwardly respectable sects, for example... Krishnas... have provisions in their policy documents on the need to neutralize and destroy people who disagree with their teachings.”


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

2) “Krishnas kill their rebellious sectarians with a shot in the head or drown them.”


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

During the trial, representatives of the CJRC were forced to withdraw their first claim under the pressure of numerous and obvious evidence of its veracity.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Indeed, the sacred books of Krishnas are full of extremely destructive statements and appeals [93] [94] [95].


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

There are also many of them in modern interpretations of these books made by the current leaders of Krishna.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

According to the second phrase, an amicable agreement was adopted, since Khvylya-Olinter A. I. really used the unreasonable expansion of the real events that took place, in which individual representatives of the MOSK participated to, as it were, all Krishnas.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

The trial was widely discussed in the media.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

2. At the beginning of 2010, the authorities of the Belgorod Region developed and adopted “Measures to Ensure Spiritual Security in the Belgorod Region for 2010”.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Referring to this document, Vladimir Shatilo, head of the consumer market department of the Belgorod City Hall, asked in writing not to allocate venues for heavy metal concerts.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

[97] In the Central Television program, the presenter suggested [98] that the actions of the authorities were significantly influenced by A. AND. Khily-Olinter “Spiritual security and spiritual health of a person, family, society”.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

Measures to prevent the celebration of Valentine's Day in institutions subordinate to the Belgorod Region also received a resonance.


Question: Where was Andrei Igorevich Khvylya-Olinter born?

Andrey Khvylya-Olinter

[99] Archpriest Vladimir Vigilyansky found it difficult to comment on the validity of these decisions, stating, nevertheless, that the commercial nature of this holiday is indisputable.