Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

On May 4, 1900, by parliamentary decree, the pistol was adopted by the Swiss army under the name “Pistol, Ordonnanz 1900, System Borchardt-Luger”.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

DWM has pledged to produce 3,000 pistols of this system for the Swiss army.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

After that, Luger pistols of 7.65 mm caliber entered service with a number of other countries, purchased by Brazil, Holland, Portugal, Russia and Turkey.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1902, 1,000 Luger pistols of the 1900 model of the year were purchased by the US government for testing in the armed forces.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In the summer of 1902, competitive tests began in Germany in the vicinity of Berlin for the selection and adoption of a self-loading pistol by the Kaiser army.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

They were attended by: 7.65 mm Borchardt C93 pistol, 7.65 mm Luger pistol of the 1900 model, 7.63 mm Mannlicher M.1900 pistol, 9 mm Mars pistol, 7.63 mm Schwarzlose M.1893 Standard pistol, 9 mm a Browning pistol and a 7.63 mm Mauser C - 96 pistol.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The tests were carried out for a long time: only by 1904, the winner was announced - the modified Luger pistol.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1903, during tests, the caliber of the weapon was changed, since in 1902 a more powerful 9 × 19 mm cylindrical pistol cartridge with smokeless powder was developed, converted from “bottle “7.65 mm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In the same year, the head of DWM gave the gun the name Parabellum, from the famous Latin proverb “Si vis pacem, para bellum”, which served as the motto of DWM.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This name was given to its cartridge - 9 × 19 mm “Parabellum” [3].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

On December 12, 1904, the 9-mm Luger pistol “Marine Model 1904 of the Borchardt-Luger System” was adopted by the German naval headquarters for service with the German Navy.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

On August 22, 1908, a 9-mm Luger pistol called the P08 (Pistol 08) was adopted by the Kaiser army as a standard short-barreled weapon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

It should be said that DWM, after the adoption of the pistol in Germany, used the name “Parabellum” only for commercial pistols.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Design and operating principle


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The pistol automation works according to the recoil use scheme with a short barrel stroke.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The barrel bore is locked by means of a system of pivotally connected levers that are in the normal position and when firing a shot in the “dead center” position (Fig. 1).


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In this state, the levers are not folded under the action of the rectilinear pressure of the bolt when fired.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The movable weapon system consists of a barrel with a receiver, inside which parts of the locking mechanism and the percussion mechanism are mounted.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The barrel (with the front sight on the muzzle end) is connected to the receiver by means of a threaded connection.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The receiver with the barrel has the shape of a tuning fork.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Inside the fork of the tuning fork, a bolt with a percussion mechanism and an ejector is placed and moved.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The bolt is articulated with the connecting rod (front lever of the locking system), and the latter with bloodworms (rear lever).


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The bloodworm at the junction with the connecting rod has two rollers with a cut surface, made with it as one, which give the weapon a characteristic recognizable appearance.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When the bolt is closed, the bloodworms and the connecting rod lie on the receiver so that the axis of the middle hinge becomes lower than the axes of the front and rear hinges and thus reliably locks the bolt channel of the trunk, since the connecting rod and bloodworms form an obtuse angle between themselves, facing downwards with the top (Fig.2).


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The entire pistol hinge-lever system according to the device is a crank mechanism, in which the slide is a bolt.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The barrel and receiver assembled with their parts can move in the grooves of the frame in the longitudinal direction.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The trigger mechanism of the percussion type is equipped with a disconnector that allows only single fire.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The striker is located inside the breechblock, cocked when the levers are folded and the mainspring is compressed by the front protrusion of the bolt lever behind the side protrusion of the striker.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The mainspring is located in the cylindrical cavity of the striker and its end rests against the rear wall of the bolt.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The side protrusion of the striker is located on the left, in the rear part of the striker, and can move in the longitudinal window of the bolt.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Part of the profile of this ledge is a combat platoon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The cocked striker is held on the combat platoon by a spring-loaded trigger lever.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The ejector is located in the bolt from above, and also serves as an indicator of the presence of a cartridge in the chamber.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The sleeve is ejected to the left upwards by means of a spring reflector located on the right.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

There is a flag fuse on the left side of the rear of the frame.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When the safety flag is lowered down, the trigger lever and the sear are locked, the receiver with the barrel stops and the bolt cannot be moved backwards.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

At the same time, the drummer can be on a platoon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In the 1904 model, there was also a key automatic fuse that was turned off when the handle was wrapped around, but later it was abandoned for safety reasons.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

It was the reason for neglecting the manual safety lock and, as a result, the possibility of an accidental shot when the pistol fell.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The pistol magazine is box-shaped, single-row, designed for 8 rounds (drum for 32 rounds in the “artillery” version, inserted like the box-shaped one).


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The magazine latch is located on the left side of the handle at the base of the trigger guard.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The gun has a bolt delay, which, when the bolt is retracted, rises under the influence of the empty magazine feeder and engages with the cutout in the gun bolt.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

To remove the shutter from the delay, you need to remove the empty magazine (and you can also insert the curb one) and pull the shutter slightly by the rollers and release it.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The drummer will remain on the platoon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The pistol handle has a comfortable grip, which ensures comfortable aiming.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The Luger pistol has an unusually large, compared to modern pistols, the tilt of the handle - at an angle of 120°.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This contributes to marked shooting “offhand” and reduces the barrel toss when shooting by aiming due to a decrease in the arm of the pulse moment.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The trigger is located on the receiver on the left, along it.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The rear arm of the trigger lever has a shoulder that is a sear.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When the bolt moves forward, the striker's platoon enters this ledge.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The leaf spring of the trigger lever rests on its tail and receiver and holds the lever, preventing the striker's platoon from removing from the sear.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When the trigger is pressed, the transmitting lever (on the frame on the left under the trigger cover) rotates in a vertical plane towards the barrel and presses on the front arm of the trigger lever.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The trigger lever rotates in a horizontal plane.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The rear arm of the trigger lever, moving to the left, overcomes the force of the leaf spring and releases the striker.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Under the action of the mainspring, the striker pierces the capsule and a shot occurs, as a result of which the pressure of the powder gases is transmitted through the sleeve to the bolt.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The lever system prevents an increase in the obtuse angle between the hinge and the bloodworm, and under the action of the recoil force, the barrel with the receiver and the bolt moves backwards by about 6 mm in the locked state.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

After the bullet leaves the barrel, when the bloodworm rollers “run” onto the profile surfaces of the frame, made in the form of a slide, the axis of the middle hinge joint goes up, the connecting rod and bloodworms fold, the bolt opens.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When the levers are folded, the connecting rod cocks the striker with a cocking tooth.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

After the recoil ceases, the return spring in the handle, connected to the bloodworm through the “transfer lever-earring” system, closes the bolt and returns the barrel with the receiver to initial position (Fig. 1).


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When moving forward, the bolt picks up the cartridge from the magazine and sends it into the barrel.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Since when the barrel with the receiver moves backwards relative to the frame, the disconnector “runs” onto the side surface of the transfer lever and is installed inside the body, in this position shooting it's not possible yet — you need to release the trigger.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In this case, the transfer lever moves to the side and releases the disconnector, which under the action of the spring enters from the trigger lever body and becomes under the transmission lever.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

If you press the shutter now, a shot will be fired.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The trigger only allows single fire.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Fuse in the “Gesichert” position — the flag is lowered, the fuse bar blocks the trigger.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Locking the cocked striker is very secure.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In the event of a misfire, the striker can be cocked without reloading.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

To do this, pull the rollers of the levers before the barrel starts moving and release it.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When fired, the barrel first moves away, then the bolt.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

If you take up the rollers and pull, the levers will come out of the dead center and the bolt will first open.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

At the same time, the mainspring is compressed and the striker stands on the sear as a combat platoon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

If you want to smoothly release the drummer, then pulling the rollers before the barrel starts moving and holding the bolt with them, you need to pull the trigger and smoothly release the bolt to the original provisions.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The gun has a strong and, with regular care, reliable design, and is distinguished by high-quality manufacturing.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Combat characteristics


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

A bullet fired from a P08 with a 120mm barrel pierces a 150 mm thick pine tree at a distance of 50 m.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When hit at an angle of 90 degrees from a distance of 10 m, she pierced a German steel helmet.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The P08 has high accuracy.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The accuracy of the battle at 50 m is r 50-53 mm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This weapon has a high rate of fire — 48 indirect shots in 28 seconds.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Cartridge used


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The Luger pistols of the 1900 model used a 7.65 × 21 mm cartridge with a bottle-shaped sleeve, converted from a Borchardt cartridge by shortening the sleeve by 5 mm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

For this cartridge, the names 7.65 mm Luger or 7.65 × 21 mm Parabellum are used.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

With this cartridge, the pistol was adopted by the Swiss army in 1900.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1902, a 9 mm 9×19 mm Parabellum cartridge was created.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Two versions of the pistol were adopted for this cartridge.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

At the end of 1904, it entered service with the German Navy, and in 1908 it entered service with the Kaiser army under the name P08.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Finishing


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

All Lugers had a fairly high quality finish and an accurate fit of the moving parts.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The metal surfaces were blued, and some samples of these weapons were engraved.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The cheeks of the handles were made mainly of walnut wood, with a neat small notch, but pistols made during World War II could have cheeks made of plastic [4].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The models produced for export were engraved with the coat of arms of the customer's country.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Many models are engraved with the emblem of the manufacturer.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Materials and their processing


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In the production of Luger pistols, alloy steel was used, which has increased strength and corrosion resistance.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The main parts of the weapon, such as the frame, barrel, bolt, as well as others, were subjected to conventional heat treatment by hardening to the required hardness.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

At the same time, different parts were hardened to the strength they needed.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The parts of the trigger mechanism and the connecting axes underwent heat treatment by cementation (carburization), that is, diffusion saturation of the surface layer of steel with carbon when heated in a carburizing environment.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The parts thus treated acquire their final properties after quenching and low tempering.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The purpose of this treatment is to give the surface layer high hardness and wear resistance, increase the contact endurance limit and the bending endurance limit while maintaining a sufficiently viscous the core is the main body of the part.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The thickness of the carburized layer did not exceed one millimeter.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

As a result, these parts had both strength and the necessary ductility, which allowed them to constantly withstand the heaviest loads.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

During the First World War, Parabellums were protected against corrosion by acid oxidation (the so-called “rusty varnish” or “rusty bluing”), in which the steel protects the oxide film coating, rust-like, with a deep black color.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Further, in the period between the two World Wars and during the Second World War, a more advanced method of applying a protective coating was used — oxidation, which significantly saved time and money.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Another type of coating used to protect the surfaces of Luger steel parts is a phosphate coating applied by hot phosphating, used in the 1920s.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Advantages and disadvantages


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Merits


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Quite a perfect design of the military pistol at the time of creation.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Excellent functioning in difficult operating conditions.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Comfortable handle shape.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Excellent controllability when shooting.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Very low toss and recoil when fired.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Exceptional accuracy and accuracy of shooting, both aiming and offhand.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Robust and reliable design.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Powerful cartridge (see above), high killing and stopping effect.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

High rate of fire.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Disadvantages


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

It is a very difficult design to manufacture and use.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Even the trigger has an intricate crescent shape.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Its second end is a limiter, which must have another place.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When descending from above, the other end of the crescent falls, preventing you from shooting with gloves.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The design does not allow closing the locking levers, protecting them from dirt or sand entering the mechanism, which can cause a delay if a lot of dirt is clogged into the mechanism.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Delays when using bullets with unexpected bullets.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Cartridges with an increased gunpowder charge cannot be used for shooting to avoid damage to the weapon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When shooting “from the stomach”, the cartridges often fly the arrow in the face.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

It's a very expensive weapon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Like other weapons of the early 20th century, the Luger did not have high manufacturability.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Mauser-Werke A.G. spent 12.5 man-hours to produce one Luger during the period of greatest production intensity [3]; its production was quite laborious.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

With the weight of the gun itself of 0.87 kg, 6.1 kg of metal was required to produce it.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

During the manufacture, 778 separate operations were performed: 642 operations on machine tools and 136 manually.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1939, the cost of production of one Luger pistol by Mauser-Werke A.G. was 11.5 Reichsmark, and the store for it - 3.15 Reichsmark.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The cost of a complete Luger pistol with two magazines was 17.8 Reichsmark, the Mauser sold the Wehrmacht more - for 32 Reichsmark [3], while the Mauser 98k rifle cost 70 Reichsmarks, a the MG-34 machine gun (expensive in itself and replaced for this reason by the MG-42) cost the Wehrmacht 300 Reichsmarks.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The performance characteristics of self-loading pistols from the First World War


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Models and their differences


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The 1900 model was the earliest version of the Luger pistol.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

It was adopted by the Swiss Army in 1900.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This model inherits one characteristic of Borchard pistols — a small bracket on the right side of the bolt hinge.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Its task was to prevent the shutter from bouncing back after it was closed.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In fact, it turned out to be superfluous, because when the lever gate is closed, it is slightly below the line along which the recoil force acts, and therefore any action directed to open the bolt, only pressed the hinge more against the receiver.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Important elements of the M.1900 were a flag fuse blocking the receiver, which was on the left at the rear of the frame and a spring ejector, which was located on the flat upper shutter surfaces.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The M.1900 was designed for a 7.65×21 mm cartridge [5].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The barrel length is 122 mm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

M.1902 is a further development of the M.1900 variant.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This model was created for a 9 × 19 mm Parabellum cartridge, as a result of which the barrel had to be made somewhat thicker and shorter than that of the previous model.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The barrel length is 102 mm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The shutter and magazine have also been slightly changed.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The number of rifles in the barrel has been increased from four to six, and the dimensions of the frame and receiver have become the same.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In the final version of the M.1902, the frame, receiver and threaded barrel sleeve were shortened by about 2 mm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The M.1904 variant was the first mass version of the Luger pistol.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The first purchase of this weapon occurred after the German fleet adopted the 9-mm Selbstladepistol 1904 with a barrel length of 147.32 mm, later known as the “marine model”.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Certain innovations were made to the M.1904 version, which then became standard for all Luger pistols.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The conventional spring ejector has been replaced by a new type of ejector with a vertical tooth.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The ejector is combined with the cartridge presence indicator in the chamber.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The cartridge in the chamber lifts the ejector up.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This model has a flip sight at a distance of 100 and 200 m. At the bottom of the back of the handle there is a groove for attaching the butt holster [4].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Caliber 9 mm, length 262 mm, barrel length 147 mm, weight 915 g, bullet initial velocity 350 m/s.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

From 1905 to 1918, DWM manufactured 81,250 Model 1904 pistols for the German Navy.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

For the first time, major changes were made to the M.1906 version.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The leaf return spring in the handle was replaced with a twisted, cylindrical spring.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The design of the fuse was also changed; it was moved down and began to lock the sear.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The upper part of the shutter was now semicircular in shape, the hinge grips were made with a flat, diamond-shaped corrugated surface, and the bracket to prevent rebounds was removed.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

At the location of the flag fuse lever, the inscription “GESICHERT” (safe) began to be applied to the frame, which is visible when the fuse is on (the lever is in the upper position) and is hidden by the lever when off.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The M.1906 (or, as it began to be called, the “Parabellum of the New Model”) was manufactured in two versions - for a 7.65 mm cartridge with a barrel length of 122 mm and for a 9 mm cartridge with a thicker barrel 102 mm long [5].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The Luger pistol of the 1906 model of the year was produced for the domestic market and for export.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Deliveries were made to both the armed forces and the civilian arms market.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The most famous among collectors are the M.1906, produced by DWM for the United States - the American Eagle model with a stamp on the receiver above the chamber in the form of the American state emblem” Great Seal of the United States” and produced for Switzerland with the stamp “Swiss Cross” [6].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The Luger pistol of the 1908 model differs from the M.1906 in that the automatic fuse was removed and only the flag fuse remained.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

M.1908 was most often called simply “Pistol 08", or P08.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Like the pistol of the 1906 model, it has a cylindrical coil return spring and an extractor that is combined with an indicator of the presence of a cartridge in the chamber.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

With all the changes, the new “marine model” of 1904 was produced with the same name.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

It was produced with various barrel lengths: from 98 to 200 (and more) mm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The most common variants are with a trunk length of 100 (98 or less often 102) mm and 120 mm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In total, until 1918, the arms company DWM produced 908,275 P08 for armament of the army and 1,500 pistols for civilian purposes.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In Erfurt, 663,600 units were produced from 1911 to 1918.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Artillery model


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The so-called “Artillery Model” - a version of the 9 mm Luger pistol, called the Lange P08 (LP 08), was adopted on June 3, 1913 for service with units of Prussia, Saxony and Württemberg.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This is a carbine pistol that has the following characteristics:


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

barrel length 203 mm, length 317 mm, weight 1.070 kg, bullet initial velocity 370 m/s.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

It is designed for firing up to 800 m with an attached wooden holster-butt.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The pistol is designed to arm crews of field artillery guns and non-commissioned officers of machine-gun teams.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The new model was a kind of completion of the line of carbine pistols.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1917, engineer Leer developed a 32-cartridge drum magazine (Trommelmagazin 08) for it.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This magazine was later used in the MP-18 submachine gun.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

During the First World War, about 198,000 Artillery Model pistols were produced for the German army [7].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The main models of the Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Production


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

From the beginning of mass production in 1908 until the end of World War I, most of the commercial, contract and military Luger pistols were manufactured by DWM.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

More than half of all P-08s intended for the German army were also produced by this firm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1910, the royal arsenal in Erfurt joined the production of Luger pistols, which produced pistols only for the German army.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In total, about 520,000 units of this type of weapon were produced in Erfurt.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

After the defeat in the First World War under the terms of the Versailles Peace, a number of restrictions were imposed on Germany in the military sphere.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In particular, the weapons produced were significantly limited in terms of tactical and technical characteristics.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Thus, pistols could not have a barrel length of more than 100 mm and a caliber of more than 8 mm.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Thus, the production of weapons was difficult.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

However, already in 1920, employees of the Zimson arms company in Suhl again continued to work on the manufacture of Luger pistols in limited batches for the needs of the police and officers of the Reichswehr.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1925, Heinrich Krieghoff (German: Krieghoff) joined the manufacture of this weapon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In the 1920s and 1930s, with the help of Mauser specialists, the production of Lugers was resumed in Switzerland and assembly was organized in Finland [7].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1922, DWM was reorganized and became known as the Berlin-Karlsruhe Industrie-Werk (BKIW) and began to produce the Lugers again, but now most of the pistols they produced were exported to The United States, where they became known as the “Luger pistol”.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In addition to the United States, Finland bought these weapons from DWM/BKIW.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Over the ten-year period from 1920 to 1930, all German companies produced more than 35,000 units of Luger pistols in total.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1930, the management of DWM/BKIW came under the control of Mauser, and the Luger production center was transferred to Oberndorf am Neckar.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

On May 1, 1930, about 800 machines and technological equipment were transported there from Karlsruhe.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

For the next five years, the Lugers manufactured by Mauser still bore the DWM stigma.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Since 1934, the names of manufacturers were not indicated on German small arms - they were indicated only according to the classification of the weapons management of the ground forces.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Mauser corresponded to the S/42 code.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Since 1930, Mauser continued to manufacture Luger pistols for export to the US Army.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Persia ordered 3000 P08 and 1000 P08 lange.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Hitler's rise to power led to the rearmament of the German army.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

All restrictions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles were ignored.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This allowed Mauser to resume active production of Luger pistols with a barrel length of 98 mm and grooves on the handle for attaching the attached butt holster.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Already in the early 1930s, designers of the Mauser arms company began to work on the creation of several versions of the Parabellum, including a special model for the needs of the Weimar secret police republic with an expansion type silencer.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

But P-08 pistols with silencers began to arrive not to the Ministry of the Interior of Germany, but to the special services of the Third Reich: the RSHA, the Gestapo, the SD and the Abwehr.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Along with the creation of special pistols based on the P08 in the Third Reich, structural rework of the Parabellum was also carried out.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

So, by order of the police, a variant P08 with a shutter delay is being created.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

For training shooting from Parabellum, ERMA designers have created special kits for firing ringfire cartridges of 5.6 mm caliber (.22


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

LR).


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In preparation for a new war, in order to secrecy the real manufacturer, Mauser-Werke A.G. began to put special stamps on its weapons.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Previously, in 1934-1939, Luger pistols were marked “S/42”, which in 1939 was replaced by the code “42”, and from February 1941 by the code “byf”, which existed until the completion of production pistol by this firm in December 1942 [3].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In total, during the Second World War, the Wehrmacht received 1.355 million pistols of this brand.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In addition to Mauser's company, Zimson and Krighof were engaged in the production of Parabellum pistols at this time.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The latter signed an exclusive contract for the production of 10,000 Parabellum pistols for arming the Luftwaffe troops and began its implementation in 1934.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

By the end of 1937, Krieghoff had produced sets of parts for the manufacture of 13,580 pistols, which was far in excess of the 10,000 required by the contract.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

However, in the period between 1938 and 1944, about 2,000 pistols were additionally delivered to the Luftwaffe (it is noteworthy that on the Parabellums of this particular company you can find markings indicating 1943 and 1944 years of release).


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The rest are 1500-1600 pcs.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

were sold on the commercial market between 1937 and the end of World War II.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Using


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The Luger P08 pistol was actively used in the First and Second World Wars.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Despite the fact that at the beginning of World War II, it had already begun to be replaced by a newer and more reliable P38 pistol, the Luger remained the main weapon of the Wehrmacht officers.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The P08 was in service with Ethiopia, Iran, Portugal, Romania, Turkey and other countries.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

A small batch of P.08 7.65 × 21 mm Parabellum pistols was delivered to the Japanese Foreign Service in 1942 for the Embassy of Japan in Berlin [8].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The P08 served as a layout model for pistols such as the Japanese Nambu of the 1914 model of the year, the American Ruger Mk II, and the Finnish Lahti L-35.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Luger in Russia


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

At the beginning of the 20th century, Luger pistols were purchased for testing by the Military Department of the Russian Empire.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

I did not like the pistol and for a very long time unsuccessfully distributed among the officer corps.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Such pistols gained popularity in Russia only as a trophy of the 1st World War.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

There is a version compiled by Western collectors and has no documentary evidence that such pistols purchased by Russia had a designation on the upper part above the chamber, in the form of crossed Mosin rifles, and allegedly for pistols supplied to Russia, Bulgarian order frames with inscriptions in Bulgarian were used.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

This version does not stand up to criticism and is recognized by domestic experts as erroneous.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In February 1907, army officers were allowed to buy the Luger as a service weapon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

St. Petersburg.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

February the 7th day of 1907.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The Emperor, on the 4th day of February, deigned to command the highest:


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

1. Allow officers to have in service and in general in the performance of official duties, when it is installed to be with revolvers, revolvers and automatic pistols of the following systems: 3 lines.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

revolvers modr.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

1895, Browning pistols, caliber 9 mm, and Bohardt-Luger pistols (Parabellum), also caliber 9 mm, in order to release cartridges for practical shooting of officers and continue to produce only for 3-lin.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Revolvers arr.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

1895 of the year.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Subsequently, during the First World War and the Great Patriotic War, a significant number of these pistols were captured as trophies.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In August 2011, it was included in the list of award weapons of the Russian Federation [9].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Luger in the USA


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1900, Luger pistols were tested in the United States.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

They performed quite well, and the Americans ordered another 1,000 pistols to continue testing until 1908.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The American side was very dissatisfied with the too small caliber of these weapons, in their opinion.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

However, a huge number of Lugers (various variants) were sold on the US civilian market, and were also re-exported by the United States to Latin America, Mexico, etc.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1902, DWM developed a new 9 mm cartridge, but the new 9 mm Luger pistols were not successful in the United States.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The Americans recognized the accuracy of Luger's shooting, but they were dissatisfied with the delays in shooting.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The need to use both hands to cock weapons and eliminate delays made this pistol completely useless in the eyes of American cavalrymen.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In 1907, from 27 to 32 thousand (according to various sources) Luger pistols were manufactured for the new American cartridge .45 ACP by order of the US Army.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

All Lugers made for the United States depicted the coat of arms of the United States in front of the receiver (above the chamber).


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Colt pistols won the competition.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

As a result, the Luger was accepted as a “weapon of limited standard” for the police and some categories of military personnel, and these weapons were sold in huge quantities on the commercial market.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Subsequently, the Luger model 1908, as well as the 1908 version under 45 of the ACP, was produced in the United States as a licensed copy for export by Winchester, Remington and Savage.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Abercrombie Fitch and Stoeger were among the main American importers and distributors of the Luger pistol, and even registered the Luger trademark in the name of Stoeger [4].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Modernity


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Having had a significant impact on the development of weapons, the Luger pistol became a kind of standard for comparison.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

When creating new pistol systems, designers still often talk about achieving accuracy of combat or other properties similar to Luger.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The quality and exceptional survivability of the Luger pistols have allowed them to successfully survive to this day and become a popular civilian and sporting weapon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The number of well-preserved Lugers of old years of production is quite large.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Many of these pistols have been mothballed to this day in army weapons depots, including in Russia.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The Luger is often found in private weapon collections.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In Switzerland, the Luger pistol is used as a sporting weapon.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Commercial modifications


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Mass production of the Luger pistol was discontinued, but in 1999 Mauser manufactured several samples of this weapon for its centenary and still produces a limited number of these weapons for collectors.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

In the United States, replicas of various modifications of Luger are produced by several arms companies and are in great demand, despite the fact that there are many originals brought in civilian circulation US troops from Europe and Asia as trophies after World War II and other wars, as well as commercial samples imported/manufactured in the United States before the war.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

There are “Lugers” for cartridges 9 × 19 mm or 7.65 × 21 mm, with different barrel lengths and, accordingly, a total length: 8" - 203 mm (length 317 mm), 12" - 305 mm (length 419 mm), 16" - 406 mm (length 520 mm).


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Operating countries


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Bulgaria - in 1900 the pistol mod.1900 was put into service, in the mid-1900s 1,250 units were purchased.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

pistols mod.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

1906 [3], in 1912 the pistol mod.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

1908 adopted for service with the army [10]


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— adopted by the Navy in 1904, into service with the army in 1908 [3]


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

- until 1939, it was the main regular personal weapon of officers and non-commissioned officers of the Wehrmacht, later it was used by privates and non-commissioned officers (who were entitled to pistols in the state) as weapons of limited standard, as well as in technical branches of the armed forces, police and SS troops [3].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— since 1918, pistols modr.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

1908; also, in 1922-1929, at least 8 thousand 7.65 mm Parabellum pistols mod.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

1902, which entered service under the name 7.65 pist/23 [11]


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— in the period from 1920 to 1930 3,820


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

delivered to Holland and 1484 pcs.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— the Dutch East Indies, in the 1930s, supplies continued to the Dutch Navy and the Dutch East Indies [7]


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— In the mid-1900s, 5,000 units were ordered from the United States.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

pistols mod.1906 [12]


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— purchased in the period after 1935 [13] (4,600 units)


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

[13] — 3000 units in 1935—1937


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

was released for Turkish police


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Russian Empire — 1000 pieces were ordered in the mid-1900s.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

pistols mod.1906 [3], but until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, this order was not fully fulfilled [7]; on February 4, 1907, army officers were allowed to buy a 9-mm Parabellum in as personal weapons; captured pistols were used during the First World War.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— purchased in the 1930s [3] (853 pcs.)


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

The RSFSR and pistols were used by the Red Army during the Civil War [14]; in September 1929, an agreement was concluded under which about 300 pistols were delivered from the Weimar Republic, their assembly was carried out at the Sestroretsk Arms Plant [7].


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Captured pistols were used during the Great Patriotic War.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— purchased in the 1930s [3] (319 pcs.)


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— In 1900, a pistol mod.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

1900 adopted for service [3]


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— In service from 1919 to 1940.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Weimar Republic


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

- The Luger was adopted as a weapon of limited standard for the police and some categories of military personnel.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

It was used until the 1970s.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Spain — used during the Spanish Civil War


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

China before 1949


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— purchased after 1935 [13]


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Romania [15]


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Yugoslavia


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Israel


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

See also


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Walter R-38


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Vojvodina pistol (1939)


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Notes


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Literature


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

magazine “Arms”, 2000 № 10.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Special issue.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Infantry weapons of the Third Reich.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Guns.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Part I.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Sample of the “... eighth” year//magazine “Master-Gun”, No. 11 (140), November 2008.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Ed.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

A. A. Blagonravova.


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

— M.: Oborongiz NKAP, 1945


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

References


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Video (Luger shooting, weapon handling, etc.)


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

on YouTube


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Category:World War I pistols


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Category:World War II pistols


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Category:Self-loading pistols alphabetically


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Category:German self-loading pistols


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Category:Clutch pistols


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Category:establishments in 1900


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Category:DWM military products


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Category:Mauser Military Products


Question: How much did the first Luger Pistol weigh?

Luger pistol

Category:9 × 19 mm Parabellum Weapon


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The Stone Age in Europe is the longest era in the history of ancient Europe before the beginning of chronicle history, starting with the Lower Paleolithic.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

At this time, man made the main tools and weapons of wood, stone, horn and bone.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

It was only at the very end of the Stone Age that the ancient inhabitants of Europe first got acquainted with copper, but used it mainly for making jewelry.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Wood tools and weapons were probably the most abundant in ancient man in Europe, but wood is usually not preserved, as are other organic substances, including horn and bone.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Therefore, the main source for studying the Stone Age is stone tools and the remains of their production.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The culture of the Lower Paleolithic of Europe is best known, called Achelian after an eponymous monument in France.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

It is widely distributed in western and southern Europe.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The Middle Paleolithic of Europe, often referred to as the Moustier era after an eponymous monument in France, begins according to the traditional glaciation scheme during the Riss-Wurm interglacial.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Its date is from 125/100 to 40 thousand years ago.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

From the Middle Paleolithic, it is possible to more reliably reconstruct the course of historical process in Europe


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

This is the time of the first relatively wide human settlement, a kind of demographic wave, as a result of which the paleoanthrope settled almost the entire territory of Europe free from ice cover.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The Upper Paleolithic is a much shorter period compared to the Middle and even more so the Lower Paleolithic.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

However, it was in the Upper Paleolithic that the ancient inhabitants of Europe took a number of significant progressive steps both in the economy and in the field of social relations.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The Upper Paleolithic is the time of the emergence and high rise of art.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The changes that took place on the verge between the Middle and Upper Paleolithic affected not only the technique of making tools, economic activity of a person, but also his physical appearance.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The man of the Upper Paleolithic is Homo sapiens sapiens, or Cro-Magnon man, who, according to anthropological characteristics, is very close to modern man.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The arrival of people in Europe.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Paleolithic


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The arrival of people in Europe


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Where did a person come to Europe is controversial.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

It is only known that Europe was not the birthplace of mankind.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

There are versions that the first hominids came to Europe from India.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The most likely hypothesis is about the arrival of people to Europe from Africa through Western Asia (in Transcaucasia (Dmanisi, Georgia), the remains of people who lived 1.8-1.9 million years and belong to the form were found, transitional between a skillful person and an upright person (see Georgian man)).


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

There is an assumption that this happened in the middle of Villafranc time.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The oldest reliable human remains in Europe are the first phalanx of the little finger of the left hand (ATE9-2 [1]), the tooth (premolar) and jaw (ATE9-1 [2]) of the species Homo antecessor (or Homo erectus) from the Spanish cave Sima- Del Elephant in Atapuerca, dating back 1.2—1.3 million years ago [3] [4].


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The remains of archangthropes were also found in Vertessölos (Hungary), near Heidelberg (Germany), Mala Balanica (Serbia), Petralona (Greece), Ceprano (Homo cepranensis), Isernia la Pineta (de:isernia la Pineta), Fontana Ranuccio [5], Pofi [6] and Vizogliano [7] (Italy), Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain), Přezletice (Czech Republic) [8].


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

They date back to the period of 580—340 thousand liters. Finds from Swanscombe (en:Swanscombe Heritage Park, England) and Steinheim (Germany) date back to 225 thousand liters, and the skull from Arago and Totavel (France) - to 450-560 thousand years ago.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Homo heidelbergensis was separated into a separate species.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Heidelberg man and his direct descendant, the Neanderthal man (Homo neanderthalensis) really settled Europe, and the latter was a specialized form adapted to European climate (Saccopastore Skulls, Altamura (Italy), Gorama Cave (Gibraltar), etc.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The earliest appearance of people of the modern physical type (Homo sapiens) in Europe, currently known, dates back to the age of 45-35 thousand years ago (Peshtera-ku-Oase, Peshtera-Muyerilor, Choklovina ( Romania), Markina Gora (Kostyonki and Sungir (Russia), Kozarnik Cave (Bulgaria), Fumane and Grotta del Cavallo (Italy), Kent Cave (Great Britain) [9]), and ca.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

40 thousand years old Neanderthal finally disappeared.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Lower Paleolithic


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The beginning of the Paleolithic coincides with the moment of making the first stone tool by man.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

It is estimated that this happened about 3.3 to 2.5 million years ago in Africa.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Later, the technology reached Europe.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

In particular, in France, a stone tool was found in Saint-Valle, the age of which is 2.3 - 2.5 million years, stone tools found in Shilac (1968) and Lezignon la Seb (2009) indicate that the ancient people lived in the region about 1.8 million years ago [10].


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

In southeastern Europe, at the Liventsovka location in Rostov-on-Don, a camel bone was found from a trace of cutting and sawing and cutting with a stone tool, which dates back to the final of the middle villafranc (2.1— 1.97 million liters) [11].


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Several Early Paleolithic sites are known on the Taman Peninsula (Bogatyri/Blue Beam, Springs 1-4, Tsymbal), the oldest of which is the Kermek site (2.1—1.8 million years ago) [12].


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

A number of Early Paleolithic sites were discovered in Dagestan (Ainiqab, Gegalashur, Mukhkai) [13], Stavropol Krai (Zhukovskoye) [14], Moldova (Bairaki, Kretsesti) [15] [16].


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

There are many other testimonies of the appearance in Europe of an upright man (another name is archangthrope).


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The oldest (2.5—1.5 million liters) include the following sites: Saint-Valle (France), La Roche-Lambert (France), Chillac I (France), Chandalia I (Croatia), Pirro 13 (Italy) [17].


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The second half of the Lower Pleistocene includes finds in Sinsel (France), Vallone Grotto (France), Przezletice (Czech Republic), Atapuerca (Spain).


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The first half of the Middle Pleistocene includes Saint-Esteve-Janson (France), Le Romier (France) and Vertessaulos (Hungary).


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

During the Lower (most ancient) Paleolithic, people worked stone using the simplest technique.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

In Europe, the Lower Paleolithic ended about 120 thousand years ago, when the stone processing technique changed significantly.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The most famous Lower Paleolithic culture in Europe is the Achelian.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

It was distributed in western and southern Europe, and is found in the central part of Europe (eastern Germany, Czech Republic).


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Typical tools are hand cutters and jibs (“splitters”).


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Another culture (industry) common in Europe was clackton.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

It was distributed in Western and Central Europe, north and east of the Achelian range.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Biconical nucleuses, numerous tools such as choppers, thick flakes with special characteristics, flakes with notches are characteristic.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The eastern border of Clackton is not clear, it is assumed that it passed through Ukraine.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

In addition to aschel and clackton, there were other cultures in the Lower Paleolithic of Europe (a continuation of the traditions of the oldest pebble industries).


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Middle Paleolithic


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The Middle Paleolithic of Europe, often referred to as the Moustier era after an eponymous monument in [France | France]], begins according to the traditional glaciation scheme during the Riss-Wurm interglacial.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Its date is from 125/100 to 40 thousand years ago.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

From the Middle Paleolithic, it is possible to more reliably reconstruct the course of historical process in Europe


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

This is the time of the first relatively wide human settlement, a kind of demographic wave, as a result of which the paleoanthrope (this is the name of the Middle Paleolithic man) settled almost the entire free from the ice cover the territory of Europe.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The number of archaeological sites has significantly increased compared to the Lower Paleolithic.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The territory of the European part of the USSR is inhabited up to the Volga.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Mousterian localities appear in the Desna basin, the upper reaches of the Oka River, the Middle Volga region.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

In Central and Eastern Europe, there are 70 times more Middle Paleolithic monuments than the Lower Paleolithic.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

At the same time, there is a process of cultural differentiation, and regional and locally differentiated groups and cultures are emerging.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

There is a view that the European Moustier developed in two main zones - Western Europe and the Caucasus - and from there spread to the rest of Europe.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

In any case, a direct genetic relationship between the Middle and Lower Paleolithic is established only in rare cases.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

It is customary to distinguish between Premousterian and Early Mousterian cultures, on the one hand, and later Moustiers, on the other.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The former existed in Riss-Wurm time, the latter in Wurm I and Wurm I/II.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The absolute age of the late Moustier: 75/70-40/35 thousand years ago.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

In the Middle Paleolithic, the production of stone tools, primarily the nucleuses themselves, has significantly improved, i.e.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

nuclei for chipping flakes, and large (so-called Levallois) plates.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Moustier guns were made mainly from flakes.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

They are distinguished by the stability of forms.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Bilaterally processed tools are preserved in the Middle Paleolithic, but change significantly.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Hand chippers are reduced in size, often made from flakes.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Leaf-shaped tips and tips of various types appear, which were used in composite tools and weapons, such as throwing spears.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

A typical Moustier tool, the scraper, has multi-blade shapes.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Mousterian tools are multifunctional: they were used for processing wood and hides, for planing, cutting and even drilling.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The beginning of the Middle Paleolithic falls on the relatively warm Riess-Wurm interglacial.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

This was followed first by minor climate changes, then by a long transition period and, finally, the last glaciation, the Wurm glaciation.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Between the interglacial and the culmination of Wurm I, the flora and fauna of Europe completely changed.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Upper Paleolithic


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The Upper Paleolithic began about 40 thousand years ago and ends about 12-10 thousand years ago.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

At this time, Cro-Magnon people lived in Europe, who are very close to modern people in their anthropological characteristics.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Artifacts of Orignac culture in the Bajondillo Cave (Malaga, Andalusia) indicate that a modern person lived in southern Spain 44,000 years ago [18] [19].


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The Upper Paleolithic is the time of the emergence of art (although this is not finally established).


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

There were two large groups of works of primitive art — rock and cave paintings and engravings, and works made of horn, bone and stone.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

See also: Aurignac culture, Gravetta culture, Madeleine culture, Streltsy culture.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Mesolithic


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Main article: Mesolithic


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The Mesolithic, or Middle Stone Age (approximately 12—8 millennia BC), coincides with the establishment on the globe of the modern geological era, which came after the retreat of glaciers.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Stone tools, the so-called microliths, are becoming more effective.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Bows and arrows appear.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Excavations of graves, where a large number of things were found that were placed in the grave with the deceased, testify to the development of beliefs in the afterlife and the emergence of religion.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Neolithic Europe


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Main article: Neolithic Europe


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

The Neolithic period in the history of Europe lasted from about the 7th millennium BC.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

until the 18th century BC


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

At the same time, cultural innovations moved deep into Europe from the southeast to the north-west at a speed of about 1 km per year.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Thus, the Greek Neolithic with developed agriculture corresponds to the Mesolithic in northern Europe in time, and the Neolithic in the north to the Early Bronze Age in Greece.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

In southeastern Europe, the Neolithic lasted until about the 30th century BC.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

, and in the northwest, the first bronze items appeared 12 centuries later.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Notes


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Literature


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

//Zbignev Kh.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

A barbarian in the garden.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Petersburg, 2004, pp. 13-31


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

//in 8 volumes, Volume 4Z.


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Science, 1988


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe

Category:Stone Age


Question: What did ancient people in France make stone weapons from?

Stone Age in Europe


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (, Ovstug, Oryol Province — Tsarskoye Selo) was a Russian lyricist, thinker poet, diplomat, conservative publicist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1857, Privy Councillor.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Biography


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Young years


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born in the Ovstug ancestral estate of the Bryansk district of the Oryol province.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

He got home schooling.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Under the guidance of teacher, poet and translator S. E.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Rajic, who supported the student's interest in poetry and classical languages, studied Latin and ancient Roman poetry, and at the age of twelve translated Horace's odes.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

In 1817, as a volunteer, he began attending lectures at the Verbal Department at Moscow University, where his teachers were Alexey Merzlyakov and Mikhail Kachenovsky.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Even before enrollment, he was admitted to the number of students in November 1818, and in 1819 he was elected a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Career abroad


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

After receiving his university graduation certificate in 1821, F. Tyutchev joins the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs and goes to Munich as a freelance attaché of the Russian Diplomatic Mission [1].


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Here he met Schelling and Heine and in 1826 married Eleanor Peterson, born Countess Botmer, with whom he has three daughters.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The eldest of them, Anna, later marries Ivan Aksakov.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The steamer Nicholas I, on which the Tyutchev family sails from St. Petersburg to Turin, is in distress in the Baltic Sea.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Ivan Turgenev, who sailed on the same steamer, helps Eleonora and the children to save.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

This catastrophe seriously undermined Eleonora Tyutcheva's health.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

She died in 1838.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Tyutchev was so saddened that after spending the night at the coffin of his late wife, he allegedly turned gray in a few hours.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

However, already in 1839, Tyutchev married Ernestina Dörnberg (nee Pfeffel), with whom he apparently had an affair while he was married to Eleanor.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Ernestina's memories of a ball in February 1833, at which her first husband felt unwell.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Not wanting to stop his wife from having fun, Mr. Dörnberg decided to go home alone.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Addressing the young Russian with whom the Baroness was talking, he said: “I entrust you with my wife.”


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Tyutchev was this Russian.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

A few days later, Baron Dörnberg died of typhus, the epidemic of which swept Munich at the time.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

In 1835, Tyutchev received the court title of chamberlain.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

In 1839, Tyutchev's diplomatic activity was suddenly interrupted, but until 1844 he continued to live abroad.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

In 1843, he met with the all-powerful head of the III branch of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery A. X.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Benckendorf.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The result of this meeting was Emperor Nicholas I's support for all Tyutchev's initiatives in creating a positive image of Russia in the West.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Tyutchev was given the go-ahead to speak independently in the press on political problems of relations between Europe and Russia.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Nicholas I was very interested in the article “Letter to Mr. Dr. Kolb” (“Russia and Germany”; 1844) anonymously published by Tyutchev.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

This work was provided to the emperor, who, as Tyutchev told his parents, “found all his thoughts in it and seemed to ask who its author was.”


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Service in Russia


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Returning to Russia in 1844, Tyutchev again entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1845), where he held the post of senior censor since 1848.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Almost immediately after F. AND. Tyutchev actively participates in Belinsky's circle [2].


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Without printing poems at all during these years, Tyutchev published journalistic articles in French: “Letter to Mr. Dr. Kolb” (1844), “Note to the Tsar” (1845), “Russia and the Revolution” (1849),” The Papacy and the Roman Question” (1850), as well as later, already in Russia, an article “On Censorship in Russia” (1857) was written.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The last two are one of the chapters of the unfinished treatise “Russia and the West”, conceived by him under the impression of the revolutionary events of 1848—1849.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

In this treatise, Tyutchev creates a kind of image of the thousand-year-old power of Russia.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Presenting his “doctrine of the empire” and the nature of the empire in Russia, the poet noted its “Orthodox character”.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

In his article “Russia and the Revolution”, Tyutchev suggested that in the “modern world” there are only two forces: revolutionary Europe and conservative Russia.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The idea of creating a union of Slavic-Orthodox states under the auspices of Russia was also immediately presented.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

During this period, Tyutchev's poetry itself was subordinated to state interests, as he understood them.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

He creates many “rhymed slogans” or “journalistic articles in verse”: “Gus at the stake”, “Slavs”, “Modern”, “Vatican Anniversary”.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

On April 7, 1857, Tyutchev received the rank of full state councilor, and on April 17, 1858, he was appointed chairman of the Committee for Foreign Censorship.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

In this post, despite numerous troubles and clashes with the government, Tyutchev served for 15 years, until his death.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

On August 30, 1865, Tyutchev was promoted to privy councilor, thereby reaching the third, and in fact even the second, level in the state hierarchy of officials.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

During his service, he received 1,800 chervonets in gold and 2,183 rubles in silver as awards (prizes).


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Until the very end, Tyutchev was interested in the political situation in Europe.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

On December 4, 1872, the poet lost his freedom of movement with his left hand and felt a sharp deterioration in vision; he began to suffer from painful headaches.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

On the morning of January 1, 1873, despite the warning of others, the poet went for a walk, intending to visit his friends.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

On the street, he suffered a blow that paralyzed the entire left side of his body.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

On July 15 (27), 1873, Fedor Tyutchev died in Tsarskoye Selo, at the age of 70.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

On July 18, 1873, the coffin with the poet's body was transported from Tsarskoye Selo to St. Petersburg and buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent [3] [4].


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Poetry


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

According to Yu.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

N. Tynyanov, Tyutchev's small poems are a product of the decomposition of voluminous works of the wild genre that developed in Russian poetry of the XVIII century (Derzhavin, Lomonosov).


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

He calls Tyutchev's form a “fragment”, which is an ode compressed to a brief text.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

“Thanks to this, Tyutchev's compositional structures are as tense as possible and look like hypercompensation of constructive efforts” (Yu. N. Chumakov).


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Hence the “figurative overabundance”, “oversaturation of components of various orders”, which make it possible to soulfully convey the tragic feeling of cosmic contradictions of being.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

One of the first serious researchers Tyutchev L. IN. Pumpyansky considers the most characteristic feature of Tyutchev's poetics to be the so-called. “doublets” are images repeated from poem to poem, varying similar themes “while preserving all its main distinctive features”:


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

A vault of heaven burning with starry glory


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

He looks mysteriously from the depths, —


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

And we sail in a blazing abyss


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

They are surrounded on all sides.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

She, between the double abyss,


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Your all-seeing dream cherishes -


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

And the starry firmament full of glory


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

You're surrounded from everywhere.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

This determines the thematic and motive unity of Tyutchev's lyrics, the components of which are precisely Tynyanov's “fragments”.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Thus, according to Roman Leibov:


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

... the interpreter faces a well-known paradox: on the one hand, “no separate poem by Tyutchev will be revealed to us in all its depth, if we consider it as an independent unit”... On the other hand, the Tyutchev corps is frankly “accidental”, we have before us texts that are not institutionally attached to literature, not supported by the author's will, reflecting the hypothetical “Tyutchev heritage” is obviously incomplete.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The “unity” and “tightness” of Tyutchev's poetic heritage make it possible to compare it with folklore.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Very important for understanding Tyutchev's poetics is his fundamental distance from the literary process, his reluctance to see himself as a professional writer and even disregard for the results of their own creativity.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Tyutchev does not write poetry, writing down already established text blocks.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

In some cases, we have the opportunity to observe how work is going on on the initial versions of Tyutchev's texts: to a vague, often tautologically designed (another parallel with folklore lyrics) Tyutchev applies various “correct” rhetorical devices to the core, taking care of eliminating tautologies, explaining allegorical meanings (Tyutchev's text in this sense is deployed in time, repeating the general features of the evolution of poetic techniques described in the works of A. N. Veselovsky, dedicated to parallelism — from undivided identification of phenomena of different series to a complex analogy).


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Often, it is at a late stage of work on the text (corresponding to the consolidation of its written status) that a lyrical subject is introduced pronoun [5].


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Tyutchev's lyrics often contain existential motives, as pointed out by the author of “Letters about Tyutchev”, the famous scientist Boris Mikhailovich Kozyrev, arguing that Tyutchev's ideas are more in tune with Kierkegaard's ideas than ideas Schelling.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Periodization


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

According to Yuri Lotman, Tyutchev's work, which amounts to a little more than 400 poems, for all his inner unity, can be divided into three periods:


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The 1st period is the initial, the 1810s - the beginning of the 1820s, when Tyutchev created his youthful poems, archaic in style and close to the poetry of the XVIII century.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The 2nd period — the second half of the 1820s — 1840s, starting with the poem “Glimpse”, Tyutchev's work already shows the features of his original poetics.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

This is a fusion of Russian wild poetry of the XVIII century and the tradition of European romanticism and Schiller pantheism.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

3rd period — 1850s — early 1870s.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

This period is separated from the previous decade of the 1840s, when Tyutchev almost did not write poetry.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

During this period, numerous political poems (for example, “Modern”), poems “in case” and the piercing “Denisyev cycle” were created.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Sovremennik magazine.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Love lyrics


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

In the love lyrics of F.I.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Tyutchev creates a number of poems that are usually combined into a “love and tragic” cycle called the “Denisyev cycle”, since most of the poems belonging to him are dedicated to E.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

A. Denisyeva.


Question: What was the name of Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev's wife?

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

Their characteristic understanding of love as a tragedy, as a fatal force leading to devastation and death, is also found in Tyutchev's early work, so it would be more correct to name those related to” Denisyev cycle” poems without reference to the poet's biography.