Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Any (Russian, foreign) legal entity or citizen who fulfills the terms of membership in the Association and pays annual fees can become a member of the Association.


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Evaluation of the fund


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Ratings


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

By December 2013, IIDF topped the list of active funds less than a year old in a study of the venture capital industry conducted by Firrma.ru with the support of the Russian Venture Company and PwC [55].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

In the rating of the largest participants in the venture capital market compiled by the Public Opinion Foundation based on an interview in January 2014, IIDF and RVC took third place after the funds Runa Capital and Almaz Capital [56].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Delovaya Sreda magazine called the appearance of IIDF one of the 10 main events of 2013 [57].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

In December 2014, the fund won the Venture Awards Russia 2014 in the English: Seed Investor of the Year nomination.


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

By this time, the fund has invested about $13 million in 122 projects [58].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Honors


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

In 2014, the Internet Initiatives Development Fund won the Runet Prize in the Technology and Innovation category [59].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Criticism


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Many market participants reacted positively to the establishment of the Internet Initiatives Development Fund.


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Alexander Galitsky, Founder of Almaz Capital, and Boris Ryabov, Managing Partner of Bright Capital, approved the emergence of an alternative to existing development institutions of technology companies — Rusnano, Skolkovo and RVK [60].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

In comparison of government business development structures, one of the authors of the online publication Zuckerberg Will Call described the IIDF as the most useful institution that understands the needs of the market [61].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Expert-Ural magazine and analytical center noted the opening of IIDF accelerators as the main step in recent years towards creating infrastructure for the development of IT companies [62].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Other representatives of the venture capital industry were apprehensive about the emergence of a state fund [63].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Dmitry Chikhachev, founder and managing partner of Runa Capital, questioned the ability of the state to effectively invest in private business [64].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Alexey Solovyov, Managing Partner of Prostor Capital, perceived the creation of IIDF as a risk of a state-owned monopolist company appearing in the venture capital industry [65].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Vladimir Gromovsky, Chairman of the Investment Committee of Waarde Capital, in columns in Expert magazine, called the way to create IIDF behind-the-scenes, criticized its focus on Internet technologies instead of other technology industries in need of investment [66].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

He charaterized the startups in which IIDF invests as informal, and the volume of the fund as excessive to support projects in which other venture funds have not shown interest [67].


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Notes


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

comments


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Lists


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Sources


Question: Who heads the Internet Initiatives Development Fund in 2019?

Internet Initiatives Development Fund

Category:Internet in Russia


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

Grenade (Spanish: Granada - grenade) is an explosive ammunition designed to destroy enemy manpower and equipment by hand throwing.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

At the same time, until the beginning of the 20th century, grenades were called explosive shells as well as for manual throwing, and artillery with a caliber of up to 1 pound (approximately 196 mm).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

The design of hand and artillery grenades was similar.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

Since the First World War, the name of the grenade was established exclusively for ammunition for hand throwing.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

A modern hand grenade consists of a body, an explosive charge and a fuse (fuse).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

The defeat is inflicted by fragments of the body, a shock wave or a cumulative jet, as well as, alternatively, by ready-made striking elements (shrapnel).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

It is made of light alloys, materials of high specific strength and plastic.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

A trained soldier throws a fragmentation grenade at 40-50 meters, an anti-tank grenade - about 20 meters.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

The name of the weapon comes from the name of the pomegranate fruit, since the early types of pomegranates looked like a fruit both in shape and size, and in how the grenade fragments flying away resembled the grains inside fetus [1].


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

Device


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

Modern hand grenades can either have a throwing handle (RGD-33) or not have one (F-1).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

The grenade body is made both solid and chopped (“shirt”), to increase the fragmentation effect.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

In addition, between the body and the explosive there may be a stock of small ready-made striking elements (balls, cubes, etc.).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

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Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

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Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

Fuse


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

Grenades can have a fuse that operates on different principles of detonation - dynamic (detonation when hitting the target) or with a delay (detonation by a fuse with a given delay).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

The detonation with a delay is carried out as follows: when the safety check is pulled out and the bracket is released, the spring mechanism cocked in advance is triggered, and the fire forcefully hits the capsule from a shock sensitive substance (similar to the production of a shot from a hand firearm).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

The exploding capsule ignites the powder in the thin ignition tube.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

The powder burns at a speed of about 1 cm per second and does not require oxygen, so the grenade can explode under water.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

When the fire in the ignition tube reaches the detonator, it explodes and causes the explosive with which the grenade is equipped to detonate.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

Depending on the design, the grenade fuse includes an ignition tube with a capsule and a detonator, and may also include a spring mechanism with a striker, a check and a trigger guard.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

Dynamic detonation of hand grenades is carried out using an inertial load connected to the detonator.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

When a grenade hits a solid target, the load shifts and the detonator is triggered.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

To prevent the grenade from exploding in the hand, a special mechanism brings the inertial detonator into combat position a short time after the trigger is released.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

Grading


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

By purpose


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

According to their purpose, grenades are divided into:


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Pomegranate

main purpose (designed to directly defeat the enemy):


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

anti-tank (high-explosive, cumulative)


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

anti-personnel (fragmentation, high-explosive fragmentation, high-explosive)


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

incendiary


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

special purpose:


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

smoke


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

lighting


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

signaling


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

light and sound


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

gas


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

and others


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

training (have the shape and weight of a combat grenade)


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Among hand-held anti-personnel grenades, there are:


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

defensive grenades with a large radius of destruction (more explosive power, quantity, quality and range of fragments).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Defensive grenades should only be used from behind cover, otherwise they are dangerous for the grenade launcher himself.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

A typical defensive grenade is F-1 (explosive charge - TNT, 60 g; weight 600 g. );


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

offensive (a small explosive charge, splinters and a damaging effect).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Offensive grenades are guaranteed to be less than the average range of the hand throw, so they can be used in open space.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Offensive grenades include, for example, RG-42 grenades (explosive charge - TNT, 110-120 g; mass 420 g), RGD-5 (explosive charge - TNT, 110 g; mass 310 g).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

By throwing method


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

According to the method of throwing grenades are divided into:


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

hand - hand rushing


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

rifle, pistol, under-barrel grenade launchers — fired from special means


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

rifle and hand - fired or thrown by hand


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Use as mines


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Hand grenades are often used as mines. To do this, they almost pull out the check, leaving a very light effort.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The grenade is then fixed on one side of the enemy's intended path.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

A rope or wire is attached to the check, its end is fixed on the other side of the track.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The enemy, passing along the way, touches the wire - the check is pulled out, an explosion occurs.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

This device is called “stretching”.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

History


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The prototype of hand grenades was clay vessels with lime or incendiary cocktails, which were used since the 9th century.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

As evidenced by the ancient manuscript of Nejim-Edlin-Chassan Alram entitled “A Guide to the Art of Horse Fighting and Various War Machines”, the prototype of modern grenades, which was called” bortab”, also appeared among the Arabs; it consisted of a glass ball filled with a composition of nitrate, sulfur and coal, equipped with a stopin blank and suspended on a chain to the shaft [2].


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The first pomegranates were also made mainly from clay.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In 1405, Konrad Kaiser von Eichstadt first proposed using a cast-iron body for grenades, and creating a cavity in the center of the powder charge that accelerated the combustion of the mixture and increased the probability shredding the body into fragments.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

English author of the XVI century Peter Whitehorn notes that “in the old days they used clay bottles or pots stuffed with fire and explosives”, and recommends “preparing empty balls in foundry molds the size of a small ball for the game, and the walls are a quarter of an inch, made of three parts of copper with one part of tin.”


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The charge should be made up of three parts of “serpentine”, three parts of fine “flour powder” and one part “resinous”.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

At the same time, they should be “thrown immediately”, since “they are scattered into a thousand pieces almost without delay.”


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

A hand grenade was lit from a wick, which was inserted into a wooden plug that plugged the seed hole.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Such a grenade could have exploded too soon or too late, and during the English Civil War, Cromwell's soldiers improved the device by tying a bullet to the wick at the bottom (inside the grenade) , and at the same time surrounding the wick with twigs inserted into small holes, which acted as stabilizers.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The wick remained facing backwards until the grenade hit the ground, when the bullet, continuing by inertia, pulled it inside the grenade.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Grenades were used mainly in the siege and defense of fortresses, as well as at sea in boarding battles.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In the 17th century, grenadiers began to be actively used in field combat.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In 1667, in England, four people were allocated in a company for throwing grenades; they were called grenadiers.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Within a few years, this new type of weapon was introduced into the main European armies.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The British also introduced grenadier caps in the form of high caps with a copper top.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In the XVIII century, the ignition tube of hand grenades was gunpowder, as well as artillery grenades.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Flare grenades made of cardboard, wood or tin, equipped with sparklers and used in night combat were also used.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The English artillery handbook of 1839 states that in the ground forces, a hand grenade weighs 1 pound 13 ounces (approx. 800 grams) and can be thrown at a distance of 40 to 60 feet (12-18 feet) m.).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

With the development of linear tactics, grenades lost their importance in field combat and by the middle of the 18th century were removed from service with field armies, and grenadiers became only an elite infantry family.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Grenades remained only in service with fortress garrisons and in the navy.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Grenades were again widely used during positional hostilities, as during the defense of Sevastopol, where they were used by both sides, and Russians, for lack of shells, filled bottles with gunpowder.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The old type of wick cast iron grenades were used by the British back in 1885 in Sudan.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Modern grenades were, in fact, invented during the Russo-Japanese War, during which there was an urgent need for this type of weapon for storming and defending trenches.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Meanwhile, grenade types corresponding to modern technical capabilities were not developed, and the parties had to improvise.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The Russians used shell cases filled with dynamite (such devices were called a “bomb” [3]) as a body, and the Japanese used bamboo trunks and pyroxylin marmalade cans.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In order for the grenade to explode in time, shock fuses were made from a piece of wire and a rifle cartridge; Nobel detonator caps were used.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

For the fuse, mainly a bickford cord was used, which often gave enemy soldiers enough time to throw away the grenade.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

However, there were also black and spring fuses.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In the Battle of Mukden, the Japanese first used a grenade with a wooden handle, which played the role of a stabilizer, and a cylindrical body.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

This is followed by modern grenades: a Martin Hale grenade with a percussion mechanism at the base and a 24-segment steel fragmentation jacket (it was also equipped with a rod that allowed shooting it from a rifle), and an Aazen grenade with a wooden handle and a long cord that pulled out the check when the grenade reached the target [1].


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Hand grenades returned to widespread use during the First World War.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

During the Second World War, hand-held anti-tank grenades with cumulative warheads appeared.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Stielhandgranate (), the standard offensive hand grenade of the German armed forces from the end of World War I to the end of World War II


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Stielhandgranate.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

To use the grenade, it was necessary to unscrew the lid at the bottom of the handle, vigorously pull the cord with the porcelain ring that fell out at the same time


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

World War II hand grenades


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

World War I fragmentation hand grenade


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Grenade explosion protection


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Hand grenades are often used in terrorist attacks.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Although this is impossible to foresee, it is possible to avoid being hit by an explosion or minimize its consequences.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The grenade explosion has the shape of an inverted cone, the zone of impact by the shock wave is six meters.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

If there is no suitable shelter within a radius of three steps, you need to jump as far away from the grenade as possible and fall to the ground: your feet to the explosion, cross your legs to protect the femoral arteries, clamp hands your ears, press your elbows against your body, open your mouth to equalize the pressure.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

It should be remembered that in a city, the environment can pose an additional danger: fragments of walls, fragments of windows or shop windows can be additional factors of damage [4].


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Common myths about hand grenades


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

A hand grenade explodes so hard that it destroys small buildings, throws people towards the sides.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In the cinema, such effects are created with the help of pyrotechnics.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In reality, a fragmentation hand grenade (unlike an anti-tank grenade) is not capable of causing significant damage.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

A grenade rupture, even in the immediate vicinity of a person, does not always kill him.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

A hand grenade explodes with a deafening noise, a ball of fire rises.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In movies, such effects are created using gasoline.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In reality, the grenade explodes with a sharp bang, raising a small cloud of dust.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The grenade check can be pulled out by the ring (and thereby transferred to combat condition) with your teeth.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In reality, such an attempt is more likely to result in tooth loss than checks.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Without straightening the antennae, it is almost impossible to pull out the check even with your hand.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

After straightening the antennae, the check is pulled out with a slight movement (training grenades, on the contrary, have a “heavy” check, as they are used repeatedly, unlike combat ones).


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

To avoid accidental triggering, the grenade cannot be activated even with a strong dash at the check.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The grenade has a radius of 200 meters, which means that when it explodes, fragments kill all living things within this radius.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In this case, the radius of damage is confused with the radius of the fragments.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

For example, an F-1 defensive grenade has a radius of 20 meters; fragments spread 200 meters.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

This means that within a radius of 20 meters, unprotected people are likely to be hit (killed or injured), and at a distance of more than 200 meters, a safe distance at which unprotected people are can be kept without any particular risk to health.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

The radius of continuous destruction (the distance at which the probability of remaining alive is really extremely small) at a height of human height for hand grenades usually does not exceed 5 meters [5].


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

At the same time, due to the peculiarities of the rupture of the metal parts of the grenade into striking fragments and the loss of their speed, with increasing distance, the damage caused falls exponentially.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

A modern grenade can be activated silently.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

In all modern fuses, when the striker hits the capsule, a noise comparable to a pistol shot is produced.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Some early fuses activated with little noise, but they were abandoned due to unreliable operation or danger to the thrower.


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

See also


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Grenade launcher


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Grenade launcher shot


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Artillery grenade


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Rifle grenade


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Notes


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Literature


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

References


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Category:Weapons alphabetically


Question: Who invented the grenade?

Grenade

Category:Throwing weapons alphabetically


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) was founded in 1966 in New York by Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, a Hindu Vaishnava religious leader, to preach the Gaudiya - Vaishnavism all over the world.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Among all areas of Vaishnavism, Gaudiya Vaishnavism turned out to be the most capable of transplanting to other soil, spreading since the middle of the 20th century far beyond India, both to the West and to the East, and taking a strong position there.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[1] The spread of this tradition in the West began in the 1930s, when Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada's spiritual teacher, Bhakti Siddhanta Saraswati, first sent his sannyasin disciples preach outside India, to Europe.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[2] Their sermon in Europe was unsuccessful, but they managed to convert several Germans and Englishmen into Gaudiya Vaishnavism.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Finally, already in the 1960s, Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupad, following the instructions of Bhakti Siddhanta Saraswati, successfully preached Gaudiya Vaishnavism in the West, first in the United States and then in other countries of the world.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[3] He arrived in New York in 1965 and founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) a year later.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Mainly thanks to the activities of this religious organization, Gaudiya Vaishnavism has spread beyond India and now exists in most countries of the world, including Russia.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[1] [4]


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupad: 1896—1965


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

ISKCON founder Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, born Abhay Charan De, was born in Kolkata on September 1, 1896.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[5] [6] He came from a family of Bengali merchants that flourished during British rule.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Several generations of Swami Prabhupada's ancestors were Krishnas.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Prabhupada's religious education began as a child under the care of his parents.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

From 1916 to 1920, he studied philosophy, Sanskrit, and English literature at the prestigious Scottish Christian Church College.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In 1922, Prabhupada first met his spiritual master, Bhakti Siddhanta Saraswati (1874—1937), in Kolkata.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

When they first met, Bhakti Siddhanta instructed Prabhupada to preach Gaudiya Vaishnavism around the world.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Prabhupada was married, had several children and was involved in the pharmaceutical business to support his family.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[7] [8] Following the instructions of his spiritual master, Prabhupada began by founding the English-language magazine Return to God in 1944, dedicated to Caitanya's Vaishnavism.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

At his own expense and without assistants, he wrote, edited, edited, printed and distributed the magazine in North India.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In 1950, Prabhupada retired from family affairs and in September 1959 in Mathura took a vow of abdication of sannyas and received the name A. H. Bhaktivedanta Swami.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[9] After that, he settled at the holy pilgrimage site of Vrindavana and began translating into English and commenting on Srimad-Bhagavatam, one of the main scriptures of Vaishnavism.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[10] Prabhupada himself wrote, edited and raised funds for the publication of the first three volumes.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

After completing the first volume, he presented a copy to the then Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri, who praised Swami Prabhupada's contribution.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Swami Prabhupada's Arrival in the United States and ISKCON Founding: 1965-1966


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In August 1965, when Swami Prabhupade was 69 years old, Sumati Morarji, the owner of Skindia Stimship, provided Swami Prabhupada with a free ticket to the United States on board a cargo ship.” Jaladut”, which left the port of Kolkata on Friday, August 13, 1965.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Going to fulfill the order of his spiritual master to preach Gaudiya Vaishnavism in the West, Swami Prabhupada carried three boxes of volumes of Srimad-Bhagavatam, a pair of karatals (tame cymbals), several sets of saffron sannyasin clothes, a pair of shoes and 40 Indian rupees (about seven US dollars).


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

During the 40-day journey, Prabhupada suffered two heart attacks.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

On September 17, 1965, the Jaladuta moored in Boston Harbor.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[11] Watching the panorama of urbanized America from a ship, Prabhupada wrote the following lines:


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

No one could have imagined that in just 12 years this elderly Vaishnava Swami would create and spread a Hindu movement around the world.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[11] Immediately after his arrival in the United States and before the opening of the first temples in the counter-cultural capitals of the Lower East Side of New York and the Heite San Francisco, Bhaktivedanta Swami set out his mission: to move India's sacred wisdom to the West.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

His mission was limited in time — not only by his old age, but also by the growing influence of a worldly way of thinking that gradually destroyed the ancient traditions of his homeland.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

If his attempt was crowned with success in America, he hoped not only to bring these traditions as a gift to the whole world, but also to restore the fading spirit in his compatriots.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Shortly after arriving in New York, Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada began preaching to young people on the Lower East Side by opening his first temple in a rented space in a former store called” An invaluable gift.”


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In July 1966, Prabhupada officially registered the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, and in October of the same year he attracted everyone's attention by sitting under a tree in Tompkins Square Park and starting kirtan, singing the Hare Krishna mantra with a small group of his followers, including the famous American beatnik poet Allen Ginsberg.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

It was the first known open-air kirtan in the West to begin the expansion of the Krishna consciousness movement around the world.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In the following years, Swami Prabhupada's personal qualities and his skillful management and preaching ensured most of ISKCON's growth and the success of his mission.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

The spread of the Krishna consciousness movement: 1967—1977


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

After the opening of the first temple in New York City, Prabhupada sent several of his disciples to San Francisco, where they opened the temple in 1967.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In the same year, Prabhupada began traveling to the United States and Canada to preach Gaudiya Vaishnavism.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

After the Krishna consciousness movement became more or less entrenched in America, Prabhupada sent a group of his disciples to London, England in 1968.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

A few months later, they were able to get in touch with The Beatles.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

George Harrison, one of the four members of the illustrious group, showed the greatest interest by spending a lot of time talking to Prabhupada's students and then Prabhupada himself during his visit to England in 1969.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

George Harrison helped Krishnas open the Radha Krishna Temple in London and produced the album singing the Hare Krishna mantra, the single “Hare Krishna Mantra”.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Paul McCartney and his wife Linda also took part in the recording of the song.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

The single was a major commercial success, reaching the charts in the UK, Germany, Japan and several other countries.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In the UK, the single peaked at number 12 on the charts and Krishnas qualified for the BBC's popular music television program “Top of the Pops”, a television version of the UK charts.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In 1970, Harrison released his legendary album “All Things Must Pass”, the main hit of which was the Krishna song “My Sweet Lord”.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In 1973, Harrison released the album “Living in the Material World”, most of the songs on which were dedicated to the theme of Gaudiya Vaishnavism.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

All this played a significant role in popularizing the Krishna consciousness movement.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Harrison also supported ISKCON with money and gave Prabhupada a Tudor manor near London, which he had previously bought for himself.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Krishnas converted it into a temple and named it “Bhaktivedanta Manor” in honor of Prabhupada.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Since then, the temple has been the headquarters of ISKCON in the UK and one of the most popular Hindu temples in the UK.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Remembering Swami Prabhupada in a conversation with Mukunda Goswami in September 1982, George Harrison said:


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Until his death in 1977, Prabhupada traveled around the world fourteen times, opening new temples, lecturing, meeting famous people, and initiating thousands of new disciples.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

By the time of his death in Vrindavan on November 14, 1977, the International Society for Krishna Consciousness had become a world-famous international Vaishnava organization.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

The history of ISKCON after Prabhupada's death: 1977 to the present day


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In the West, Krishnas were perceived ambiguously.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

For people brought up in the traditions of Western culture, which has largely experienced a long and deep process of secularization, Krishnas in colorful Indian clothes, dancing in the streets and singing The Hare Krishna mantra seemed to be something exotic.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[4] Many Indians were also unaccustomed to the appearance of Americans and Europeans participating in traditional Hindu religious practices.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[4] For these and other reasons, in the 1970s, many outside India perceived the Krishna consciousness movement as a new religious movement: it was new to Western culture and Krishna, like followers of many NSD, also suffered from the so-called “neophyte disease”.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[4] According to others, Krishnas are overly addicted to religious ideals, neglect “earthly” problems, and are strict in fulfilling religious regulations and prohibitions.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[13] They adhere to vegetarianism, fast, abstain from alcohol, drugs, gambling, extramarital sex — that is, they behave completely differently from what the norms of “society prescribe consumption”.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[4] [13]


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Mainly for this reason, ISKCON has been the target of a powerful “anti-sectarian” campaign conducted by the media and specialized “anti-cult organizations”.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[4] Anti-cultist authors accused ISKCON of “controlling consciousness” in order to attract adherents and, taking advantage of the discontent of the parents of some Krishnas who became monks, resorted to methods of violent kidnapping Krishnas in order to deprogram them.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

As a result, in the 1970s and 1980s, a number of lawsuits took place, mainly between Krishna parents and ISKCON.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

One of the most famous was the Robin George vs. ISKCON trial, in which Robin George, a minor Krishna, and her mother accused ISKCON of “brainwashing” and “mind control.”


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[14] Robin George v. ISKCON went through all instances, including the U.S. Supreme Court.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[14] In 1983, a California court awarded ISKCON to reimburse Robin George for more than $32 million for wrongful imprisonment.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[14] The judge reduced the amount to $10 million.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[14] ISKCON appealed and the amount was reduced to $485,000.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[15] A California court later declared ISKCON's “mind control” charges null and void.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[14] In June 1993, after 17 years of litigation to avoid further costly battles in the courts, ISKCON agreed to pay the George family an undisclosed amount.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[16] [17] This trial played a key role in recognizing in American jurisprudence that such claims could not be considered.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[14] The evidence of “mind control” and “brainwashing” proposed by experts of the American anti-cult movement was recognized as “having no scientific basis” and, accordingly, not subject to consideration in judicial practice.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[14] As a result of this trial, ISKCON stopped accepting minors into its ashrams.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

By the end of the 1980s and early 1990s, opponents of ISKCON had already used not only myths of their own production and direct slander, but also the real facts of the departure of some believers (including some leaders ) from the moral regulations of ISKCON and the criminal activities of some Krishnas.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[4] For example, in the 1980s, stories of child abuse appeared in gurukul (schools founded by ISKCON) in India and America.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

They talked about events since the mid-1970s.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[18] In the 1990s, ISKCON conducted an internal investigation and in 1998 published detailed official data on physical, emotional and sexual abuse of children in gurukuls in India and the United States in 1970s and 1980s.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[19] ISKCON was praised for its sincerity.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Later, 95 people previously injured in schools sued ISKCON and demanded financial compensation for moral and physical damage caused to them.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Faced with a financial problem, ISKCON temples in the United States declared themselves bankrupt.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

This made it possible to raise $9.5 million and pay compensation to affected former gurukul students.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Since then, the leadership of ISKCON has taken a number of measures to prevent similar events in the future.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In particular, ISKCON has established a center for the protection of children from violence with branches around the world, whose task is to identify existing or potential criminals, explain these issues to children and adults, and also encourage vigilance.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[21] In July 2006, a petition was circulated to ISKCON Krishnas proclaiming “zero tolerance” for perpetrators of such offenses.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[22] The measures taken by ISKCON have been successful and since the 1990s there have been no more incidents of child abuse.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

According to American religious scholars David Bromley and John G. Melton, leading experts on emerging religious movements in the United States, “Currently, children raised at ISKCON are protected from all forms of physical and emotional violence as carefully as almost any child in the West, and perhaps even much better than many of the Western children.”


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[23] As noted by the Russian religious scholar and researcher of Hinduism in Russia S. AND. Ivanenko: “ISKCON has a rare quality for religious organizations — to speak frankly and honestly, including in its official publications, about the crisis phenomena in the history of the Movement. Of course, this is due to the philosophical and moral principles of the Society for Krishna Consciousness, in particular, to the belief that a real Vaishnava must be true.”


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

For some time, public opinion in the West has been disoriented towards ISKCON.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[4] Since about 1985, ISKCON has become more and more aware of the urgent need to interact effectively with society, not only to introduce it to philosophy and Gaudiya Vaishnavism culture, but also to show the positive image of the Movement and develop friendly relations with interested parties.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[24] The organization faced the need to improve public opinion about Krishnas in the United States and some other Western countries, that is, according to researchers, it found itself in a situation of “exam for spiritual maturity.”


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[4] According to researchers, ISKCON passed this exam, which was largely facilitated by the deployment of a spiritual education system for its followers.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[4] According to Russian religious scholar S. AND. Ivanenko: “As a result, it became obvious to all open-minded people that ISKCON has both a stock of spiritual values gleaned from the treasury of traditional Bengali Vishnuism and the ability establish effective social programs (Food for Life, etc.).”


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

The history of ISKCON in Russia: from 1971 to the present day


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

The history of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in Russia began in 1971 with a visit to Moscow by A. H. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, who visited the USSR at the invitation of Professor G. G. Kotovsky.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[25] In Moscow, Prabhupada met with student Anatoly Pinyaev, who became his disciple and follower receiving the spiritual name Ananta-shanti Das.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

After Prabhupada's departure, Anatoly began to spread Gaudiya Vaishnavism in different cities of Russia.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[26] In 1981, a statement by the then Deputy Chairman of the KGB Semyon Tsvigun appeared on the pages of one of the issues of Kommunist magazine:


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

This statement served as a signal for decisive action on the part of the Soviet authorities.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

The first Russian Krishnas were subjected to repression: more than sixty Krishnas were imprisoned, three people died.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Subsequently, these criminal cases were reviewed and recognized as falsified, and all convicted Krishnas were rehabilitated in accordance with the Law “On the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression”.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[27] In 1988, the International Society for Krishna Consciousness was officially registered in the USSR as a religious organization.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[28] ISKCON was the first religious organization registered during the Soviet period.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

For many years, the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR did not register any new religious organizations.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Today, ISKCON in Russia retains the status of an official religious association and operates within the framework of the laws of the Russian Federation


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

As of 2004, ISKCON had 106 centers officially registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, and approximately 100,000 followers throughout Russia.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Of these, about 25,000 are those whom ISKCON considers its active members, and about 100,000 more are somehow related to the Krishna consciousness movement.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Theological differences after Srila Prabhupada's death


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

In the late 1970s, and especially in the 10 years following the death of Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in 1977, a number of theological differences arose within the movement.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Thus, Prabhupada explained that the soul fell from the spiritual world into this material world and that the ultimate goal of human life is to become Krishna conscious in order to return “back to Godhead.”


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

However, some Gaudiya Vaishnavas saraswata teach that the soul has never been in the spiritual world.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Discussions about these probably opposing points of view are set out in Our Original Position, written by Hridayananda Dasa Goswami and Sukhothra Swami, and published the official publishing house of the Governing Council, ISKCON GBC Press, and in the article “Where do fallen souls fall from?” (“Where Do the Fallen Souls Fall From?”).


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

ISKCON firmly adheres to the traditional parampara system, that is, student continuity, in which learning is based on sastras and knowledge is passed from teacher to student, generation after generation.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[31] However, some Krishnas claim that Srila Prabhupada, contrary to tradition, wanted him to continue to initiate disciples after his physical death through priests called Ritwicks.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

This idea is presented by a group called the ISKCON Revival Movement.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

[32] ISKCON management completely rejects these ideas.


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Notes


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

Literature


Question: When was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness founded?

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Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraysk is a city in the Moscow region of Russia, the administrative center of the city of regional subordination Zaraysk with an administrative territory (until April 2017 — Zaraisky District) [1] [2] and the city district Zaraysk (until January 2017 — Zaraisky municipal district) [3].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Population — people


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

It is located 145 km southeast of Moscow, on the right (mainly) bank of the Osetr River (a tributary of the Oka).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The terminal railway station on a non-electrified line from the city of Lukhovitsy (without passenger traffic)


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Acting


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Mayors of Zaraysk city district — Petrushchenko Viktor Anatolyevich


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

General information


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Geography


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The city is located in the center of the European part of Russia, on the northeastern slope of the Central Russian Upland, 145 km from Moscow.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The area of the city is 2,046 hectares [4], and the Osetr River flows through its territory.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The city is also cut by small tributaries of Osetra — Monastyrka, Osetrik and Stabenka — flowing in deep ravines [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Climate


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The city is located in a temperate climate zone, which combines both pronounced continental properties and some marine properties.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Sea air from the Atlantic enters Zaraysk mainly in summer; the influence of Arctic air is observed throughout the year.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The hottest month is July (its average monthly temperature is +18.7°C [6]), and the coldest is January (the average temperature is about -10°C [6]).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The average annual air temperature is +4.7°C [6].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The winds of the west and south-west directions prevail.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The average wind speed in winter is 3.7—5.3 m/s, in summer 2.6—3.3 m/s.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The average annual rainfall is 562.7 mm, and the largest amount falls in summer [7].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Vegetation


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The natural vegetation of Zaraysk is represented by forests, trees and shrubs on the slopes of ravines and river valleys, dry and floodplain meadows.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There are two parks within the city: the Leonov City Park on Uritsky Square and the Kirov Park (a former park at the estate of industrialist August Reders, existed since the 19th century) [5] [8].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Of great recreational importance is the Bespyatovsky Forest forest adjacent to the city from the southeast with an area of 46 hectares [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

City coat of arms


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The heraldic description of the coat of arms of Zaraysk, the highest approved year (re-approved in 1991), reads: “In the first part of the shield, in the golden field, part of the Ryazan coat of arms: a silver sword and sheath, laid crosswise; above them there is a green hat, as on the prince in the governor's coat of arms. In the second part of the shield, on a blue field, there is an old city tower illuminated by the rising sun, which means that this city has been renewed by a new Paki institution.”


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Name


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Historical documents contain more than thirty [9] variants of the city's names, including Sturgeon (1146, 1541), Krasny (1225), Zarazsk (1225), Novgorodok-on-Osetra (1387), Zarazesk (XV century), Zaraevsk (1501), Nikola Zarazskaya-on-Osetra (1531), Nikola-on-Osetra (1532), Nikola Zarazsky (1610), Zoraysk (1660), Zarask (1681), Zaraysk (17th century), Zarazskaya (the first half of the 18th century) [5] [9].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Since the 19th century, the modern name Zaraysk has finally been established.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There are several versions about the origin of the name [10]:


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The name of the city comes from the Old Russian word “zaraz”, meaning “a cliff of the river bank”.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The name “Zaraysk” comes from the word “cassock” (swamp): the city relative to Ryazan was behind the swamps, or “behind duckweed”.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The name comes from a place in the city where the dead were buried during epidemics of cholera and plague.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

According to historian M. N. Tikhomirov, the name of the city comes from the word “infection” (impassable, protected forest).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The name of the city comes from the word “infect” in its Old Russian meaning “kill, strike to death” [11].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

According to legend, in 1237, Evpraxia, the wife of Prince Fedor Yuryevich, in order to avoid Tatar captivity, rushed from her tower and, thus, killed herself, that is, “became infected”.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

History


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

City foundation


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraysk was first mentioned in the Nikonovskaya (as the city of Osetr) and Ipatievskaya (called Osetr) chronicles in 1146.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The location of this Sturgeon mentioned in the chronicle is confirmed by those carried out in the 1980s under the leadership of B.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

A. Rybakov's archaeological excavations [9].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Subsequently, the town was apparently burned down by nomads.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The next mention of the newly built city dates back to 1225 in the “Tale of the Bringing of the Icon of Nikola Zarazsky from Korsun”, where the future Zaraysk is called Red [12].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

This year, the miraculous image of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (Korsun) was transferred from Korsun (Chersonesos) to Krasny.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Soon a wooden church was built in honor of this saint.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Later, a cycle “Tales of Nikola Zarazsky” was created in this church, which includes, in particular, the Story of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The first known prince of the city was Fedor Yuryevich, the son of Ryazan Prince Yuri Igorevich.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Under him, a wooden prison was erected in the city, surrounded by ramparts and ditches with water [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1237, Krasny was burned by Batu, who was approaching Russia.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

According to the cycle “Tales of Nikola Zarazsky”, Prince Fedor Yuryevich was killed by Batu on the Voronezh River, and the prince's wife, Princess Evpraksia, not wanting to be in Tatar captivity, together with his young son Ivan jumped out of her tower and “became infected” (hit) to death.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

After that, the icon of Nikola Korsunsky began to be called the icon of Nikola Zarazsky.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

During this period, Zaraysk was called the city of St. Nicholas of Korsunsky and Zarazsky.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Then, until the XIV century, Zaraysk was not mentioned in historical sources.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The city, which reappeared in the XIV century, began to be called Novgorodok on Osetr [9] [12].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

16th century


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1521, together with the Ryazan Principality, the city was annexed to the Principality of Moscow.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraysk became an outpost near the southern borders of the principality, which were raided by the Crimean Tatars throughout the 16th century.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1528-1531, by order of Vasily III, a stone Kremlin was built inside Ostrog [13] :58 with seven towers; the walls of the new fortress were three meters thick and nine meters high.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The fortress was a powerful fortification; natural boundaries were also an obstacle for the enemy - the steep bank of the Osetra River near the western walls of the fortress and the deep ravine of the Monastyrka River south of kremlin.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Perhaps Italian architects working in Russia at that time took part in the construction [9] [12] [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The city became an important point of defense on the southern approaches to Moscow as part of the Great Mark Line being created.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Already in 1533, the Kremlin was subjected to the first attack by the Crimean Tatars led by Islyam I Giray and Safa Giray.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Simultaneously with the Kremlin, in 1528, a stone church was laid instead of the wooden St. Nicholas Church.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

During this period, the city was called Nikolo-Zarazskaya on Osetr, Nikola am Osetr.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1541, the city was besieged by the Khan of Crimea Sahib I Giray, who could not take the Kremlin and was defeated by voivode N. Glebov.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Crimeans also attacked the city in 1542, 1570, 1573, 1591 [9].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In March 1533, the city was visited by Grand Duke Vasily III of Moscow, and in 1550, 1555, 1556 and 1571 - by his son, Ivan IV the Terrible.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1550, by his order, John the Baptist Church was erected in the Kremlin.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1551, Prince Andrei Kurbsky served in Zaraysk [9].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Even during the reign of Vasily III, a new prison with log walls adjacent to the Kremlin from the northeast was also rebuilt.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Wooden bridges were thrown over the ditches surrounding the prison.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There are settlements inside the prison.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Settlements began to form outside the walls of the prison along ravines and rivers; trade developed - important roads to Ryazan, Kolomna and Kashira began from the walls of the Zaraisky Kremlin.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the 16th century, in addition to merchants and archers, the population of Zaraysk was also “ploughed” (peasants) and “craftsmen” (artisans) people.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The largest building in the city was St. Nicholas Church in the Kremlin with the icon of Nicholas the Wonderworker stored in it.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Administrative buildings were also located within the prison: Duty hut, city treasury, city government; shopping arcades appeared on the site of the modern Gostiny Dvor [12] [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Time of Troubles


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In February-March 1607, clashes took place in the vicinity of Zaraysk between the detachments of Ivan Bolotnikov and the troops of Vasily Shuisky.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The detachments of False Dmitry II (namely, the Poles of Colonel Alexander Lisovsky) defeated the Ryazan-Arzamas militia in Zaraysk and occupied the city.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The city was liberated for a year by detachments of the Ryazan militia under the leadership of Prokopy Lyapunov.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1610-1611, Prince D. M. Pozharsky.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Pozharsky suppressed the rebellion of supporters of False Dmitry II in the city, expelled the “thieves'” detachment of Ryazan voivode Isaak Sumbulov, who went to the service of the Poles, who captured the city in December 1610, and at the beginning of 1611, having joined the First Militia, Pozharsky marched with his Zaraisky detachment to Moscow.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

More than three hundred soldiers who fell near the walls of the city were buried in a mound near the city; this mound, called Lisovsky, remains to this day.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the 18th century, a stone church was built near the mound [12] [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

XVII—XVIII centuries


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Zaraysk

In the 17th century, the city was finally given the name Zaraysk.


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Zaraysk

Under 1625, the scribe books mention the Ascension (Round) Monastery located in the posad to the west of the Kremlin with the wooden church of the Life-Giving Trinity.


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Zaraysk

The monastery was abolished in 1764 [14], and the Trinity Church became a parish church and after the fire of 1774 was rebuilt in stone [12].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1669, the first Russian warship Orel was launched in the Zaraisky village of Dedinovo.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1673, the last attack of the Crimean Tatars on Zaraysk took place, and since the end of the XVII century the city has lost its defensive significance, becoming a significant center of craft and trade on the Astrakhan tract.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraysk turned into a center of bread trade, and transit trade also developed - cattle were transported through the city from the southern regions to Moscow and meat was supplied.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1681, Zaraysk experienced a devastating fire.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the same year, by decree of Tsar Fedor Alekseevich, a brick St. Nicholas Church was built instead of the dilapidated stone church.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the 18th century, stone and wooden construction began in the city.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1778, by decree of Catherine II, Zaraysk received the status of a district city of the Ryazan governorate (since 1796 — Ryazan province) [15].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

A year later, the coat of arms was approved, and then the regular plan of the city [12].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

To the east of the Kremlin, on a relatively flat area of the terrain, an orthogonal grid of neighborhoods was formed (the size of the latter is mainly 130x260 m), in the southern and western parts of the city due to features of the relief (steep slopes of the Osetra River, deep valleys of rivers and ravines) formed a ragged front of development.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Posad churches, around which large squares had been formed by the XVIII century, were, according to the master plan, at the intersection of the main streets of Zaraysk.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The Kremlin remained the main compositional and spatial core of Zaraysk, to the north-east of it there were shopping arcades built in stone in the XVIIII century (Gostiny Dvor), which had until the 1930s years the shape of a closed square with a courtyard.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The main planning axes were Bolshaya Moskovskaya Road (now Karl Marx Street) and the road to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky (now Sovetskaya Street).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Ensembles of squares were formed: Bazarnaya (now Revolution Square), Sennaya (now Pozharsky Square), Oblupinskaya (now Sovetskaya Square), Spasskaya (built up at the end of the 19th century).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Stone buildings — religious, residential and public buildings — were erected along the streets connecting the main squares.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

On the main roads near the borders of the city, customs outposts were built - stone paired pillars topped with double-headed eagles and guard rooms (guardhouses).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

A total of 4 outposts were built — Moskovskaya (road to Moscow), Kashirsko-Venevskaya (road to Kashira and Venev), Mikhailovskaya (road to Mikhailov) and Ryazanskaya (road to Ryazan) [16].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

By 1798, the master plan regarding the layout of urban areas was mainly implemented [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

19th century


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Zaraysk

Zaraysk met the 19th century as a major center of trade.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

At that time, there were more than five hundred merchants and 136 shops in the city [9] [12].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraisky fairs were regularly held, where Moscow merchants brought fabrics and food and where local products were actively traded.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Up to two thousand horses were brought to annual equestrian fairs.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraysk was a city not only of merchants, but also of artisans: tanners, shoemakers, potters, butchers, tailors, bakers, etc.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The products of Zarai blacksmiths were very popular at fairs.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There were small industries in the city (woodworking, dyeing, tannery, oil mills, flour milling, brick, wool; production of agricultural tools) [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The new Ryazan road, laid in 1847, bypassed Zaraysk, and the importance of the city as a shopping center significantly decreased.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1860, the central part of the city was badly damaged by a large-scale fire.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The Moscow-Ryazan railway, built in 1864, also did not pass through Zaraysk (a 27-kilometer line was built from it to Zaraysk in 1870), which adversely affected economic development cities.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Despite this, by the end of the 19th century, industry was developing in the city.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1858, German entrepreneur August Reders founded a feather and down plant in Zaraysk (now Peropukh OJSC), and later a shoe factory (now Zaraysk-Shoes LLC).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1881, a large steam mill belonging to the city was launched; in 1883, 2 brick factories owned by A. S. Morozov (at the beginning of the 20th century there were already 3 brick factories).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the 1880s, iron foundry and peat factories of the entrepreneur from the Baltic Germans E.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

A. Lipgart.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1900, two more large enterprises were founded in the city: a spinning and weaving factory (now the Krasny Vostok factory, the Zaraisky branch of Textil-Prom LLC) and the paper spinning mill of the Swiss anonymous society [17].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Despite the decline in Zarai trade in the middle of the XIX century, many trade-related objects remained in the city (for example, in 1890 there were 243 small shops, 6 hotels, 22 taverns, 51 wine shops and 2 wine warehouses) [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Fairs continued (at the beginning of the 20th century — three times a year), reorienting themselves to trade in food and livestock.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Numerous social infrastructure facilities also appeared.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

During the reforms of Alexander II in 1865, the Zaraisky zemstvo was formed, the main efforts of which were aimed at solving social problems.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Already at the beginning of the 19th century, Zaraysk had a hospital, originally located in a house rented from merchant Goretnin; in 1888, the hospital received its own building [18].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

At the expense of the zemstvo, in addition to the hospital, 28 schools and 3 paramedics were opened in Zaraisky district [19].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

By the end of the XIX century, the city had a parish, district, real and theological schools, a women's gymnasium, a merchant assembly and a noble club, a bank.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There was a hospital and an almshouse [5] [9].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Industrialist Reders laid out a city park on Natalinskaya Street (now Pervomayskaya Street) with a rose garden, greenhouses, ornamental shrubs and artificial ruins of a medieval castle; in the park there was a bowling alley and a tennis court [8].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The 20th century and the modern period


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city's industry and social infrastructure continued to develop.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1910, a stone building of the zemstvo was built, in 1914, the operation of the water tower that has survived to this day began, and in the same 1914, the one built at the expense of A. A. Bakhrushin's new building of the city hospital [18].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

A stone prison building with a church built at the expense of merchant I. AND. Yartseva [5] [20].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The Dobry Put newspaper was published in the city.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Thanks to the efforts of the zemstvo, the first readers of the library were From Pushkin, a library under the Zemstvo government, a library of guardianship of people's sobriety.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

On the eve of the 1917 revolution, Zaraysk had 14 religious sites: 2 cathedrals, 8 stone churches and 2 wooden churches, 2 chapels.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There were 800 residential buildings, 10 factories and one factory in the city [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

b (19) November 1917, the Zemstvo Uyezd Congress in Zaraysk proclaimed Soviet power.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The Zemstvo government was abolished; soon the nationalization of enterprises and the confiscation of landlord lands began.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In Zaraisky district, more than two hundred landlord estates were liquidated, many of them were defeated and looted (especially actively after the First Uyezd Congress of the RCP (b) held on August 3-5, 1918, which called on organized committees of the poor to form detachments to “introduce the dictatorship of the poorest over the rich”).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Some valuables (in particular, from the estates of the Komarovsky, Perle, Bazins, Dostoevsky, Selivanovs, Konoplins) were protected from looting and transported to the Zaraisky Museum of Local Lore.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Volunteer detachments of the Red Army were formed in the city.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

On September 29, 1918, the 1st Moscow (Zaraiskaya) School of Military Pilots of the RKKVF was established in Zaraysk, which existed until March 1922, and then transferred to the village of Kacha in the Crimea.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the early 1920s, uprisings of peasants dissatisfied with the policy of military communism broke out in some volosts adjacent to Zaraysk (Bulyginskaya, Grigoryevskaya, Ilyitsynskaya), which were quickly suppressed units of the Red Army and the county Cheka [9].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1929, the city became the district center of the Ryazan District as part of the Moscow Region, and in 1937, after the formation of the Tula and Ryazan regions, it was transferred directly to the Moscow Region.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the 1930s, some churches were destroyed, the bell tower of the Cathedral of John the Baptist was blown up, and the dismantling of the buildings of Gostiny Dvor began [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The development of urban infrastructure continued; sewerage, telegraph and telephone appeared in Zaraysk [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1935, a cinema was equipped, and the hospital was overhauled.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

To ensure municipal construction, a brick factory with a capacity of 3.5 million bricks per year was put into operation in 1936.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The products of the new plant were used for the construction of buildings of the City Council, a maternity hospital, a kindergarten, residential buildings and a veterinary hospital [21].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The shoe factory, the former enterprise of Reders, was also developing; in 1929, the Federal Law Institution was opened under it [22].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1928, a machine and tractor workshop was opened in the city center, later transformed into a mechanical plant [23].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

During the Great Patriotic War, when German troops launched a second general offensive against Moscow in mid-November 1941, the Zaraysky combat section of the Western front.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In Zaraysk, a people's militia and the 58th Zaraisky Fighter Battalion were formed.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The work of industrial enterprises was reorganized in accordance with the requirements of wartime; for example, the mechanical plant began producing grenade hulls and pistons for tank engines, and spinning -the Krasny Vostok weaving factory produced gymnast fabric; tank repair workshops were created in the city.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

At the end of November, units of the 2nd Tank Army of the German Army Group Center entered the Zaraisky district, advancing on Moscow from the south.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraysk was bombed; a state of siege was declared in the city, and a defense committee was created.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Barricades appeared on the streets.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The equipment of shoe and feather factories was evacuated to Siberia, and the equipment of the Krasny Vostok factory was partially dismantled.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The 10th Army of the Western Front was deployed near Zaraysk, which on December 6 launched an offensive and drove back the Germans [9].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

After the retreat of the front line, the restoration of the municipal economy began; enterprises continued to supply products to the front - for example, 5 million sets of soldier's uniforms.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

During the Great Patriotic War, 5.4 thousand Zarayans died at the front [9].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1949, the construction of the Zaraysk-Lukhovitsy highway was completed, which made it possible to open a bus service along the Zaraysk-Moscow and Zaraysk-Kolomna routes.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the second half of the 20th century, 4-5-storey residential buildings were built in the eastern part, and a new industrial zone was formed in the northern part of Zaraysk, along Moskovskaya Street [5]; it included a plant building materials, a dairy plant (launched in 1949 [24]) and an offset plate plant [25] (founded in 1972 [26]).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1980, the Zarayskaya site began to be explored.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1980-1984, the shoe factory was reconstructed and expanded, which received a large four-story building on Meretskova Street [22].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In pursuance of the Law “On Local Self-Government”, in 2006, the first Head in the history of the city was elected.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

It was Safronov Aleksandr Semyonovich.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 2012, a new master plan for the city was approved [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

population


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The labor force in 2012 amounted to 14.7 thousand people, of which 7.2 thousand were employed in the economy [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraysk Urban Settlement


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Education


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the course of the municipal reform and in accordance with the Law of the Moscow Region of February 28, 2005 No. 63/2005-OZ “On the Status and Borders of the Zaraisky Municipal District and Newly Formed Within It municipalities” [27] the city became the only settlement in the municipality “Zaraysk City Settlement”.


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Zaraysk

On January 9, 2017, the settlement was abolished together with the transformation of the Zaraisky municipal district into an urban district.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Geography


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Located in the central part of the district.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In the north-east and east it borders with the rural settlement Gololobovsky, in the south - with the rural settlement Karinsky, in the south-west - with the rural settlement of Strupnensky in the north-west - with the rural Mashonovsky settlement.


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Zaraysk

The area of the urban settlement is 2178 hectares.


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Zaraysk


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Population of the urban settlement Zaraysk


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Economics


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The main industrial enterprises of the city [30]:


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Employed by:


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Shoe factory (Zaraysk-Shoes LLC).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The company, founded in 1858, was soon transferred to the German industrialist August Röders, who turned into a large factory.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Since the second half of the 19th century, the factory has been producing model leather shoes.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

After nationalization in 1918, the factory was taken over by the Centrosoyuz.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 1929, the FZU was established at the factory.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

During the Great Patriotic War, part of the equipment was evacuated to Omsk.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

During the reconstruction of 1980-1984, the enterprise was expanded.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

In 2006, the factory was acquired by TD Belka (owner of the Ralf Ringer brand) [22] [31].


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Zaraysk

Feather and down products factory (Dargez-Zaraysk LLC).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Car repair enterprises: car repair plant (a branch of the State Unitary Enterprise MO Mostransavto) and Zaraisky Repair and Technical Enterprise LLC.


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Zaraysk

Bakery (Zaraisky Khlebokombinat OJSC).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Production of soft carbonated drinks (NPO Slavich LLC)


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Zaraysk

Metallurgical company (Metcom Group CJSC).


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Zaraysk

Building Materials Plant (the plant was led by an electrified narrow-gauge railway built in the 1960s, dismantled after the plant was shut down in December 2008 [32]).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Non-working:


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Textile factory Krasny Vostok (a branch of Textil-Prom LLC).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Mechanical plant.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Grain elevator.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Dairy plant (Zaraisky Dairy Plant LLC).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Offset plate plant (a branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Printing Resources”).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Social sphere and housing and communal services


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The largest healthcare institution is the Central District Hospital.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The hospital has a polyclinic for 570 visits per shift and a maternity ward [33] (closed since February 1, 2018).


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There is an ambulance station for 5 cars [34].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Educational institutions are represented by the Pedagogical College.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

IN. IN. Vinogradov, state vocational and technical institutions No. 83 and 85, branches of MSUTU and SGA; there are 8 kindergartens, 4 secondary schools and one primary school in the city — kindergarten [35].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There is also a children's art house and a children's art school [5] [35].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There are social service institutions: the Zaraisky Social Rehabilitation Center for Minors and the Veterans House [34].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Among the sports facilities concentrated mainly in the modern development zone in the east of the city are the district stadium, the Sports Palace (opened in 2007 [36]), a children's and youth sports school and Olympic Reserve School [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

There is an equestrian club “Angel” and “District Water Sports Center” [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraysk's housing stock in 2012 amounted to 769 thousand m², of which 646 thousand m² (83.9%) accounted for apartment buildings, 124 thousand m² (16.1%) for individual houses.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The average housing provision was 31.4 m²/person.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The main municipal enterprise that provides heat supply and water supply is the Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Unified Public Utilities Service of the Zaraisky District” [37].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The capacity of the city's telephone network in 2012 was 4.6 thousand numbers [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Fire protection is carried out by fire department No. 59 for 4 cars [34].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Transportation


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Zaraysk is connected by bus routes to Moscow (No. 330 to Kotelniki metro station), Ryazan (No. 920), Lukhovitsy (No. 24), Kolomnaya (No. 31), Ozyory (No. 43), Serebryanye Prudy (No. 35), as well as with the surrounding villages.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

Public transport is represented by the only bus route with a length of 17 km [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The bus station is located in the city center, in the building of former shopping arcades [5].


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

A railway without passenger traffic approaches the city.


Question: What is the population of Zaraysk in 2019?

Zaraysk

The length of city main streets in 2012 was 20.7 km (of which 13.2 km belonged to streets of citywide significance, 7.5 km to streets of district significance), local streets — 43.6 km [ 5].