Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Oleg Ivanovich


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category:Graduates of Saratov Theater School


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category:TEFI Award Winners


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category:Nika Award winners


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category:Triumph Award winners


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category: Laureates of the Golden Eagle Award


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category:Winners of the Window on Europe Film Festival


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category:Winners of the “Kumir” Award


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category: Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery


Question: Who is the prototype of the persanage of the song “Song of a Sentimental Boxer”?

Oleg Yankovsky

Category:Actors of the theater of Russia


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

David is a marble statue by Michelangelo, first presented to the Florentine public in Piazza della Signoria on September 8, 1504.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Since then, the five-meter statue has been perceived as a symbol of the Republic of Florence and one of the peaks not only of Renaissance art, but also of human genius as a whole.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Currently, the original statue is in the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

The statue, designed for all-round view, depicts David naked, focused on the upcoming fight with Goliath.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

This plot was an iconographic innovation, as Verocchio, Donatello and other predecessors of Michelangelo preferred to depict David at the time of celebration after defeating the giant.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

The young man prepares for a fight against an enemy superior to him in strength.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

He is calm and focused, but his muscles are tense.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

The eyebrows are menacingly shifted, something frightening can be read in them.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Over his left shoulder, he threw a sling, the lower tip of which was picked up by his right hand.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

The hero's free posture — a classic example of counterpost — is already preparing a deadly movement.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

History


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

The creation of the statue of the Old Testament king first began in the middle of the 15th century, when the guild of wool merchants (which the people of Florence entrusted the supervision of the decoration of the cathedral church of Santa Maria del Fiore ) made a proposal to surround the cathedral with twelve large-sized sculptures of the Old Testament characters.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

By 1464, only two sculptures were ready, one by Donatello and the other by his apprentice Agostino di Duccio.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

For the statue of David, a huge block of marble from the Carrara mines was brought to Florence.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

After Donatello's death in 1466, Agostino retired from work on this project, barely cutting the figure's legs.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Soon, the contract with Antonio Rossellino, who replaced him, was terminated.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

By the beginning of the 16th century, an abandoned block of marble, nicknamed the “Giant” by the Florentines, was a miserable sight.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

With every decade, it melted inexorably in size due to the harmful effects of precipitation.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Finally, the curators of the cathedral, after consulting with Leonardo da Vinci and other connoisseurs of sculpture, recognized the statue fit for finishing.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

After some hesitation, the completion of David was entrusted to the 26-year-old sculptor Michelangelo Buonarroti, known for his ambition.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

The contract with him was signed on August 16, 1501, and on September 13, the young man began work.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Michelangelo's struggle to extract the ideal human body from a shapeless block lasted two years.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

On January 25, 1504, when work on David was nearing completion, leading Florentine artists came to appreciate it.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Only a few of them, led by Botticelli, still insisted on placing the statue near the cathedral.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

For other consultants, including Giuliano da Sangallo, Piero di Cosimo, and Leonardo da Vinci, the sculpture's civic message outweighed its religious significance.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

To protect it from the negative effects of the forces of nature, it was proposed to move the statue to the place where the city council met — to the Lanzi loggia.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

It took four days to transport the statue to the walls of Palazzo Vecchio.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

At this place, David replaced Donatello's two-meter bronze group Judith and Holofernes.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Like its predecessor, Michelangelo's work was perceived as a visual image of the heroic struggle of the Florentine people for freedom from tyranny.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

In 1873, in order to avoid damage from precipitation and weathering, the statue was moved to one of the halls of the Academy of Fine Arts.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

It was replaced in Piazza della Signoria in 1910 by a copy.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

In 2003-2004, Michelangelo's original was cleaned by restorers of contaminants that had accumulated over the years.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Copies


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

There is hardly a statue in the world that can compare to David in terms of the number of copies and casts.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

The most famous copies are installed:


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Piazza della Signoria (Florence);


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Piazzale Michelangelo (Florence);


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

in the Italian courtyard of the Pushkin Museum (Moscow);


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

at the Victoria and Albert Museum (London), a plaster copy known for being equipped with a removable fig leaf in case of visits by the Queen.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Interesting facts


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Anatomy specialists draw attention to the fact that in order to achieve greater artistic expressiveness, the sculptor distorted the proportions of the human body, especially noticeable in the upper part statues.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

One of the scientists calculated that there was one muscle missing between the right shoulder blade and the spine [1].


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Like other Renaissance images of Old Testament characters, David is not circumcised, which is at odds with the Jewish tradition [2].


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

In the 20th century, the authorities of Jerusalem refused to accept a cast of the statue from the Florentines, as it depicts a hero of the Israeli people in the guise of a 16th-century Italian.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

In 1991, a vandal attacked the statue with a hammer, which, before it was twisted by the guards, managed to break off several pieces of marble from the toes of his left foot.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Documentaries


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

2007 - Giant.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

The story of Michelangelo's David/Il Gigante.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Indagine sul David de Michelangelo/The Giant.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

An investigation on Michelangelo's David (dir. Nino Cristienti/Nino Criscenti)


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

See also


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

David (Verocchio)


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

David (Donatello)


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

David (Bernini)


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Perseus with Medusa's head - 5.17 m.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Notes


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Literature


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Anton Gill.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Il Gigante: Michelangelo, Florence, and the David, 1492-1504.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

St.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Martin's Press, 2003.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

ISBN 0-312-31442-6.


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:Sculptures alphabetically


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:Sightseeing in Florence


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:Sculptures based on Old Testament subjects


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:establishments in 1504


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:David


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:Sculptures in Italy


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:Marble sculptures


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:Renaissance sculpture


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:Michelangelo sculptures


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:Colossal statues


Question: Where is the David sculpture?

David (Michelangelo)

Category:16th-century sculptures


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

An axiom (Ancient Greek: ωμα “statement, position”) or postulate is the starting point of a theory, accepted within the framework of this theory as true without requiring proof and used in proof of its other provisions, which, in turn, are called theorems [1].


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Purpose


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

The need to accept axioms without evidence follows from an inductive consideration: any evidence has to be based on any statement, and if each of them requires its evidence, the chain will be endless.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

In order not to go to infinity, it is necessary to break this chain somewhere — that is, accept some statements without evidence, as initial ones.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

It is these statements, accepted as initial ones, that are called axioms [2].


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

In modern science, the question of the truth of the axioms underlying a theory is solved either within the framework of other scientific theories or by interpreting this theory [3].


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

The axiomatization of the theory is an explicit indication of a finite or counting, recursively enumerable (as, for example, in Peano's axiomatics) set of axioms and inference rules.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

After the names of the objects under study and their main relations are given, as well as the axioms to which these relations must obey, all further presentation should be based exclusively on these axioms and not rely on the usual concrete meaning of these objects and their relationships.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

The choice of axioms that form the basis of a particular theory is not the only one.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Examples of different but equivalent sets of axioms can be found in mathematical logic and Euclidean geometry.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

A set of axioms is called consistent if, based on the axioms of the set, using the rules of logic, it is impossible to come to a contradiction, that is, to prove both a statement and its negation at the same time.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Austrian mathematician Kurt Godel proved “incompleteness theorems”, according to which any system of mathematical axioms (formal system) in which it is possible to determine natural numbers, addition and multiplication, is incomplete.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

This means that there will be an infinite number of mathematical statements (functions, expressions), neither the truth nor the falsity of which can be proved on the basis of this system of axioms.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Also, according to the incompleteness theorem, among these indeductible statements will be the statement about the consistency of this system.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

History


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

For the first time, the term “axiom” is found in Aristotle (384—322 BC) and passes into mathematics from the philosophers of Ancient Greece.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Euclid distinguishes between the concepts of “postulate” and “axiom” without explaining their difference.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Since the time of Boethius, postulates have been translated as requirements (petitio), axioms as general concepts.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Initially, the word “axiom” meant “truth, obvious in itself”.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

In different manuscripts of Euclid's Beginnings, the division of statements into axioms and postulates is different, and their order does not coincide.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Probably, scribes held different views on the difference between these concepts.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

The attitude towards axioms as some invariable self-evident truths persisted for a long time.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

For example, in Dahl's dictionary, an axiom is “evidence, clear in itself and indisputable truth that does not require proof.”


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

The impetus for a change in the perception of axioms was the works of the Russian mathematician Nikolai Lobachevsky on non-Euclidean geometry, first published in the late 1820s.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

While still a student, he tried to prove Euclid's fifth postulate, but later refused to do so.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Lobachevsky concluded that the fifth postulate is only an arbitrary restriction, which can be replaced by another restriction.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

If the fifth postulate of Euclid was provable, Lobachevsky would face contradictions.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

However, although the new version of the fifth postulate was not clearly obvious, it fully served the role of an axiom, allowing us to build a new consistent system of geometry.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

At first, Lobachevsky's ideas were not recognized (for example, Academician Ostrogradsky spoke negatively about them).


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Later, when Lobachevsky published his works in other languages, he was noticed by Gauss, who also had some experience in the field of non-Euclidean geometry.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

He indirectly expressed his admiration for this work.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Lobachevsky's geometry received real recognition only 10-12 years after the author's death, when its consistency was proved in the case of consistency of Euclid's geometry.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

This led to a revolution in the mathematical world.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

Axiom

Gilbert launched a large-scale project to axiomatize all mathematics to prove its consistency.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

His plans did not come true due to Godel's subsequent theorems about incompleteness.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

However, this was the impetus for the formalization of mathematics.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

For example, axioms of natural numbers and their arithmetic, Kantor's work on the creation of set theory appeared.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

This allowed mathematicians to create strictly true proofs for theorems.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Now axioms are not justified by themselves, but as necessary basic elements of theory — axioms can be quite arbitrary, they do not have to be obvious.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

The only constant requirement for axiomatic systems is their internal consistency.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

The criteria for forming a set of axioms within the framework of a particular theory are often pragmatic: brevity of wording, ease of manipulation, minimization of the number of initial concepts, etc. This approach does not guarantee the truth of the axioms adopted [1].


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

According to Popper's criterion, a single negative example refutes the theory and, as a result, proves the falsity of the axiom system, while many supporting examples only increase the probability of the truth of the axiom system.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

examples


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Examples of axioms


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

The axiom of choice


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Euclid's axiom of parallelism


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Archimedes axiom


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Volume axiom


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

The axiom of regularity


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

The axiom of complete induction


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Kolmogorov's axiom


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Bulean axiom.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Examples of axiom systems


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Axiomatics of set theory


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Axiomatics of real numbers


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Euclid's axiomatics


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Hilbert's axiomatics.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

See also


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Dogma


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Common sense


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Concept


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Logic


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Hypothesis


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Formalism (mathematics)


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Godel's incompleteness theorem


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Reference system


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Fact


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Theorem


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Set theory


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Category theory


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Literature


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Euclid's beginnings.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Books I—VI.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

M.-L


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

, 1950


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Gilbert D. Geometry bases.


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

M.-L


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

, 1948


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

References


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Notes


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Category:Mathematical terms


Question: Who coined the term “Axiom”?

axiom

Category:Mathematical logic


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

The coat of arms of Lipetsk is a symbol of the city of Lipetsk.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Description


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Coat of arms history


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

On August 16, 1781, when Lipetsk was a district city within the Tambov governorship, its first coat of arms was adopted.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

On December 27, 1968, by the decision of the XI session of the Lipetsk City Council of Workers' Deputies, a new coat of arms of Soviet Lipetsk was approved, authored by Nikolai Rodionovich Polunin.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

On many posters of the 1970s, the coat of arms was supplemented on top with a gold plate on which the name of the city was written.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

On October 3, 1996, the Lipetsk City Assembly of Representatives restored the historical coat of arms of the city.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Already on November 1, 1996, by decision of the Lipetsk City Assembly of Representatives No. 231, amendments were made to the Regulations “On the Coat of Arms of the City of Lipetsk”, in which the coat of arms was described as follows:


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

This description was included in the Charter of the City of Lipetsk, adopted by the decision of the Lipetsk City Assembly of Representatives of the Lipetsk Region dated January 1, 1996 No. 232.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

The new Regulations on the Coat of Arms and Flag of the City of Lipetsk, approved by Decision No. 85 of the Lipetsk City Council of Deputies dated August 16, 2005, describes the coat of arms more accurately:


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

The modern coat of arms of Lipetsk is an image of an emerald linden tree in a golden field, meaning the name of the city; the foot of the tree is a natural green hill.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Gallery


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Coat of arms of Lipetsk county town (1781)


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

The coat of arms of the county town of Lipetsk.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Mosaic in the underground passage from Lipetsk Nizhny Park near Petrovsky Passage.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

The coat of arms of the Soviet city of Lipetsk.


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Notes


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Lipetsk


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Category:Symbols of Lipetsk


Question: What is depicted on the coat of arms of Lipetsk?

Coat of arms of Lipetsk

Lipetsk


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkov operation of 1941 (The First Battle of Kharkov, in some sources — the Sumsko-Kharkov defensive operation [1]; October 1—29, 1941) was a battle of the initial period of the Great Patriotic War between the Red Army and the Wehrmacht for control over the Kharkov industrial district.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result, German troops managed to capture the city, but by this time almost all the most important industrial enterprises were either evacuated or destroyed [2].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Previous events


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result of the defeat of the main forces of the South-Western Front in the Kiev boiler, the troops of Army Group South by September 20, 1941 reached the Vorozhba-Gadyach-Poltava-Krasnograd line.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

A gap of up to one hundred kilometers wide was formed in the Soviet defense zone, the remnants of the troops of the South-Western Front sought to recreate a new front line and close the gap.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The troops of Army Group South took the initiative and were ahead of Soviet troops in speed of decision-making, coordination of actions and maneuverability.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Since the German command, according to the directive of the Wehrmacht Supreme Command (OKW) No. 35, sought to release its tank and motorized units for the offensive on Moscow direction, the advance of German troops in this area slowed down [3].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In addition, a significant number of artillery and engineering units of the RGK were transferred from Army Group South to Army Group Center, which carried out the offensive against Moscow [4].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

At the cost of great efforts and heavy losses, the Soviet command managed to restore the broken front.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

From the remnants of the troops of the former South-Western Front, the reserves of the Supreme Command Headquarters and the forces transferred from the Southern Front, a new South-Western Front was created, headed by Marshal of the Soviet Union S. K. Tymoshenko.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The importance of Kharkiv and Kharkiv industrial district


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

At the end of the 19th century, the city of Kharkov became a major industrial center of the Russian Empire.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

With the development of railway transport, it has also become the largest transport transit hub.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In the period from 1917 to 1934, Kharkov was the capital of the Ukrainian SSR, which led to the further growth of the city [5].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

During the first five-year plans, during the period of industrialization, several largest industrial enterprises of all-Union significance were launched in the city and the region.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result, by May 1941, Kharkov was the first largest city in Ukraine with a population of 901 thousand people (Kiev at the same time had 846 thousand inhabitants) and the third in the USSR, with a developed industrial, military, industrial and transport infrastructure.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As the largest transport hub in Eastern Europe, the city had a high population concentration and a powerful mobilization resource [6].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkiv in autumn 1941


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The headquarters of the Kharkiv Military District was located in the city.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In the autumn of 1941, this district included Kharkov, Stalin, Voroshilovgrad and Sumy regions, in which about 30% of the population of the Ukrainian SSR lived before the war.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

From June to November 1941, more than 900,000 people were mobilized into the active army in the district, of which about 300,000 in the period September-November [7].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On the territory of the district, the Quartermaster Academy of the Red Army and a number of military schools operated: armored, infantry (Kharkov and Akhtyrskoye), medical, communications, military-political, artillery (Kharkov and Akhtyrskoye) Sumy), military engineering, automobile, aviation, school of the NKVD troops.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In the autumn of 1941, several strategically important enterprises were concentrated in the Kharkov industrial district:


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The Komintern KhPZ is the largest tank production plant in the USSR (about 80% of the T-34 tanks produced in the country) [8], in addition, the only enterprise in the country for the production of diesel engines for tanks and artillery tractors.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The plant also produced steam locomotives and artillery tractors Komintern and Voroshilovets [9].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkiv Aircraft Plant is a leading enterprise for the production of the Su-2 bomber [10].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkiv Tractor Plant is the largest enterprise in the USSR for the production of tracked and wheeled tractors.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

With the outbreak of the war, it was used as a tank repair enterprise, and work was also underway to prepare for the production of T-60 light tanks.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkiv NKVD Combine is created on the basis of the Children's Commune named after M.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

F. E.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Dzerzhinsky enterprise specialized in the production of optical sights for sniper rifles and aviation optics.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Every third sniper sight produced in 1941 was produced at the Kharkov plant [11].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

With the outbreak of the war, all enterprises of the Kharkov industry were reoriented to the production of military products, both large (Kharkov Turbine Plant, HEMZ, Serp & Molot and others) and small ones.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The product range included 82 mm and 120 mm mortars, PPSh submachine guns, ammunition of all types and various military equipment.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

By the beginning of the war, 70 research institutes, design bureaus and laboratories of various profiles were concentrated in Kharkov.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Design Bureau of KhPZ them.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The Comintern was the leading one in the field of tank construction, the Giprostal Institute was the general designer of 45 metallurgical plants, the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology conducted research in nuclear physics [5].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In 1940, specialists of the institute submitted an application for the invention of an atomic bomb, as well as methods for uranium enrichment [12].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In the autumn of 1941, Kharkiv was the largest strategic junction of railways, roads and air routes.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

This transport hub controlled not only the west-east and north-south directions of Ukraine, but also directions to the south-east-north-east of the entire European part of the USSR south of Moscow.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

A railway passed through Kharkov, connecting the central regions of the USSR with the Crimea, the Caucasus, Pridneprovye and Donbass [13].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The aerodrome network consisted of stationary and field airfields.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The largest was the civil fleet airfield, with concrete runways that allowed aircraft of all types to land in any weather.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The road network was developed, but dirt roads prevailed.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The only highway of national importance Moscow-Kursk-Kharkov was rocky (running parallel to the front line) and provided the troops with the ability to maneuver along the front.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In terms of its importance, the Kharkiv transport hub was equal to the Moscow one [14].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

After the loss of Kiev, the highest party and state bodies of the Ukrainian SSR were also evacuated to Kharkov.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkiv and Kharkiv Industrial District are in the plans of the German command


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The top leadership of the Third Reich attached special importance to the Kharkiv Industrial District.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In August-September 1941, A. Hitler several times emphasized the importance of Kharkiv's industrial potential:


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Since the end of July 1941, Kharkov and the stations of the Kharkov railway junction were subjected to massive Luftwaffe air raids.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

At the same time, the main targets were railway and military facilities, residential areas of the city and warehouses of finished products of the most important enterprises.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The plants themselves were practically not subjected to blows — the Germans clearly sought to preserve the production base of the Kharkov industrial district for the purpose of its further use [15].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Great importance was also attached to Kharkiv as a transport hub that controlled the strategic direction of Moscow-Caucasus.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The possession of this hub made it possible not only to block the shortest route for the supply of Caucasian oil, but also made it possible to use it to prepare an offensive to the oil-bearing regions of the Caucasus.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In addition, the proximity to the rich agricultural areas of Ukraine made Kharkiv the center of concentration of food resources during the planned shipment of food to Germany.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Parties' plans


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Army Group South Command Plans


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

According to the File:Pictogram voting comment.SVGOKV No. 34 directive, the German troops of Army Group South inflicted the main blow in order to seize the Crimea, the industrial and coal areas of Kharkov and Donbass, and for blocking the supply of oil from the Caucasus [16].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The main forces of the 1 Tank and 11 Armies of the Wehrmacht regrouped for an offensive in the Southern Front strip, and the main units of the 17 Army were also allocated for this purpose.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The plan provided for converging strikes from the areas of Krasnograd and the Perekopsky Isthmus in order to encircle and defeat Soviet troops in the Melitopol area and further capture the Crimea and Donbass [ 17].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

For the offensive in the Sum-Kharkov direction, the 6th Army of Field Marshal Walter von Reichenau was intended, the main units of which were on the way after the liquidation of the encirclement boilers under Kyiv.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 6 Army was to be supported by parts of the forces of the 17 Army.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Delivering frontal strikes, German troops sought to seize Kharkov, the third largest industrial center of the USSR.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In addition, with its offensive, this army was supposed to provide the flanks of the Army Groups Center and South advancing in different directions.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Southwestern Front Command Plans


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The front command planned its actions based on the directive of the Supreme High Command Headquarters No. 002374 on the transition of the troops of the South-Western Front to the defense in order to prevent the enemy from capturing Kharkiv Industrial District and Donbass [18].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In accordance with this, two armies (21 and 38) covered the Kharkov direction, and the 40 army - Sumy.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 6th Soviet Army was instructed to eliminate the “Krasnograd ledge” of the enemy, the 38th Army, the largest in composition and number of the front troops, and the task of direct defense was also set Kharkiv.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Predicting the enemy's actions on the Left Bank Ukraine, the Headquarters, the General Staff and the Front Command believed that the main blow would be dealt to Kharkov from the areas of Poltava and Krasnograd.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Accordingly, defensive work was carried out in these areas and a few reserves were concentrated [19].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In the city itself, the garrison forces and involved local residents prepared defensive positions that allowed for all-round defense.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Since September 16, 1941, according to the plan approved by the USSR GKO, the evacuation of enterprises and the population of Kharkov and the Kharkiv region began.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Since the end of September, full-scale special measures have been held in the city to destroy and mine strategically important facilities and communications [20].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Evacuation and creation of the Kharkiv barrier node


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On September 16, 1941, the day after the encirclement of the troops of the South-Western Front near Kiev, the State Defense Committee of the USSR by Resolutions 681 “On the evacuation of enterprises of Kharkov and Kharkov region” and No. 685 “On the evacuation of women and children from Kharkov” approved the schedule and plan for the evacuation of enterprises and the population of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On September 30, 1941, by the decision of the Kharkiv Regional Committee, the evacuation of livestock, agricultural machinery and harvested crops began.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

It took a little less than a month to transfer industry, agriculture and the population [21].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The first to begin was the evacuation of the largest strategic enterprises: locomotive, tractor and aircraft plants.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

KhPZ was transferred to Nizhny Tagil, to the Uralvagonzavod site, Motor Plant No. 75 to Chelyabinsk, where Tankograd was created on the basis of the tractor plant [22],


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

KhTZ was transferred to Stalingrad, and KhAZ to Perm.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

To accelerate the pace of evacuation of factories, city trams were used: their lines were brought to the territory of enterprises, so that the dismantled equipment was transported immediately to trains.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In October, the evacuation of other enterprises began.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

By October 20, 1941, the evacuation of industrial facilities was almost completed — 320 echelons with equipment from 70 large factories were sent from Kharkov to the rear, and rolling stock was completely removed Southern Railway [23].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The evacuation of agriculture in the region was also carried out successfully: more than 95% of the mechanized park, up to 90% of the number of cattle and horses were withdrawn from the region.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

All food industry enterprises located within the region (sugar, meat processing, alcohol, flour mills and bread plants) were disabled.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

However, the harvest of beets, potatoes and part of the skirded grain harvest remained unharvested in the fields [24].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The most acute problem was the evacuation of the population.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

People were sent centrally at the request of enterprises and organizations through the evacuation departments of the city and party governing bodies of Kharkiv.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

First of all, party and managerial personnel, specialists, skilled workers, scientific and medical workers, as well as members of their families were evacuated.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Many workers and employees, teachers, cultural workers were among those who did not receive permission to evacuate [25].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The evacuation of the Jewish part of the population was not carried out centrally, which made it possible for a number of researchers to accuse the Soviet administration of conniving with the tragedy of Drobytsky Yar [26] [27]


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Nevertheless, by the time of the occupation, more than 90% of Jews had left Kharkiv.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In fact, the implementation of the GKO resolution on the evacuation of women and children from Kharkiv was disrupted.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

At the time of the occupation of the city, women, the elderly and children accounted for 78% of the population, and women accounted for more than 60% [29].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In total, by October 20, 1941, 56 ambulance trains and 225 trains with people were evacuated from Kharkov.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

A small number of residents managed to leave Kharkov together with the retreating Soviet troops by passing road and animal-drawn transport [30].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

At the end of September 1941, the GKO of the USSR decided to carry out, in the event of a retreat in Kharkov and the region, a number of special measures to disable industrial and food enterprises, railway junctions and communication centers, bridges, communication lines, power plants and other important municipal facilities by detonation, arson and mining.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In addition to Kharkov, such measures for the entire period of the Great Patriotic War were applied only to Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev [31].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On September 27, 1941, this task was set by the General Staff to Colonel of the Engineering Troops I. G. Starinov.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

To implement it, Starinov formed an operational-engineering group, and upon arrival in Kharkov, he was entrusted with the leadership of all mine blasting operations in the South-Western Front strip, including creation of the Kharkov barrier node and mining of defensive lines.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The colonel was subordinated to five battalions of engineering troops, units of three railway brigades, and five separate flamethrower companies.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The front headquarters allocated more than 110 tons of explosives, as well as more than 30,000 anti-tank and anti-personnel mines [20].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In addition, it was planned to use radio-controlled mines and mines with time fuses.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

For this purpose, Kharkiv enterprises organized the production of hulls of object and anti-vehicle mines (6,000 pieces were manufactured), booby traps (2,000 pieces) and auxiliary equipment [14].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Control over the operation was carried out by a member of the Military Council of the South-Western Front, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b S. Khrushchev [32].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

More than 30,000 anti-tank and anti-personnel mines, about 2,000 time bombs, about 1,000 booby traps and more than 5,000 false mines have been laid in the Kharkiv region. Mining was carried out on bridges, roads and railway sections in the following directions: Krasnograd—Kharkov, Poltava—Kharkov, Bogodukhov—Kharkov, Kharkiv—Belgorod, Sumy—Belgorod.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Hangars, airfield structures and runways of all airfields adjacent to the city were mined [14].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

A central telephone exchange, power plants, water and sewerage networks, the city's central heating system were mined and subsequently destroyed in the city itself, track and dispatching facilities of stations of the Kharkiv railway junction [33].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Workshops and premises of all major enterprises of the city were destroyed, unassembled equipment was damaged or mined.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The use of radio-controlled mines also mined the Kholodnogorsk and Usovsky overpasses, a railway bridge, and several mansions in the center of Kharkov (as places of alleged deployment German headquarters), and more than 350 time bombs and booby traps have been installed in the city itself [34].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result of the evacuation and ongoing measures, Kharkiv was deprived of strategic importance as the largest industrial and transport center, and was prepared to surrender to the enemy from the destroyed production, urban and transport infrastructure.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

According to the estimates of specialists from the Ministry of the Occupied Eastern Territories, carried out after the seizure of the city, the Kharkov industry alone suffered damage in the amount of more than 30 million Soviet rubles [ 35].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The forces and composition of the parties


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The section shows the balance of forces of German and Soviet troops that participated in hostilities in the Kharkov-Sumy direction from October 1 to October 30, 1941 [36]


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Germany


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Army Group South (Field Marshal G. von Rundstedt):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

6th Army (Field Marshal W. von Reichenau)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

29th Army Corps (Infantry General G. von Obstfelder):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

299th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

75th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

168th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

51 Army Corps (Infantry General G. Reinhard):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

79th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

44th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

17 Army Corps (Infantry General V. Kinitz):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

294th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

239th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

101st Light Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

55th Army Corps (Infantry General E. Firov):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

57th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

100th Light Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

17th Army (Colonel-General K. von Stülpnagel)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

11th Army Corps (Infantry General O. Eugen)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

297th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

68th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

125th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

4th Army Corps (Infantry General W. von Schwedler):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

94th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

97th Light Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

76th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

52 Army Corps (Infantry General K. von Briesen):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

9th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

298th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Hungarian Mobile Corps (Major General B. Miklos von Dalnoki):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

1st Mechanized Brigade;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

2nd Mechanized Brigade;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

44th Army Corps (Infantry General F. Koch):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

257th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

295th Infantry Division;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Total: 20 divisions, 2 brigades [36].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

USSR


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

South-Western Front (Marshal of the Soviet Union S. K. Tymoshenko):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

40th Army (Lieutenant General K. P. Podlas)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

A separate combined special purpose detachment of Major General Chesnov A. S.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

3rd Airborne Corps


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 293rd Infantry Division (Colonel P. F. Lagutin)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 227th Infantry Division (Colonel G. A. Ter-Gasparyan)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

1st Guards Motorized Rifle Division (Colonel A. AND. Lizyukov)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

21st Army (Colonel-General Ya. T. Cherevichenko, since October 5 — Major General V. N. Gordov)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Equestrian mechanized group (Major General P. A. Belov):


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

5th Cavalry Division


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

9th Cavalry Division


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

1st Guards Rifle Division


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

1st Panzer Brigade


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 295th Infantry Division (Colonel A. P. Dorofeev)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

129th Panzer Brigade


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

38th Army (Major General V. IN. Tsyganov)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

47th Mountain Rifle Division


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

76th Mountain Rifle Division


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 169 Infantry Division (Colonel S. M. Rogachevsky)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

199th Rifle Division (Brigade Commander D. IN. Averin)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

300th Rifle Division (Colonel P. AND. Kuznetsov, since October 5, Colonel S. P. Merkulov)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

304th Infantry Division (Major General N. P. Pukhov)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

7th Tank Brigade (Colonel I. A. Yurchenko)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 10th Tank Brigade (Lieutenant Colonel V. A. Buntman-Doroshkevich)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 14th Tank Brigade (Colonel S. AND. Semennikov)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 132nd Panzer Brigade (Colonel G. AND. Kuzmin)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkiv garrison:


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

216th Infantry Division (Colonel D. F. Makshanov)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

57th NKVD Rifle Brigade


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkiv People's Militia Regiment;


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Separate armored (anti-tank) detachment


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

6th Army (Major General R. ME. Malinovsky)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 270th Infantry Division (Colonel Z. YU. Kutlin)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

275th Infantry Division (Major General M. AND. Dratvin)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

255th Infantry Division (Colonel I. T. Zamertsev)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

26th Cavalry Division


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

28th Cavalry Division


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 12th Tank Brigade (Colonel V. M. Badanov)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

13th Panzer Brigade


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Total: 19 divisions, 8 tank brigades, 4 rifle brigades [37].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Fighting


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Fighting October 1-15, 1941


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkov was cut off from direct communication with the armies of the Red Army in the center of the Soviet-German front and from Moscow at night from September 30 to October 1, 1941.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The Wehrmacht cut the railway and the Moscow-Simferopol highway in the area between Orel and Kursk near Kursk.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The last motorcade that “slipped” to Kharkov was a column of Colonel Starinov, heading to mine Kharkov.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

From October 1 to October 25, Kharkiv communicated with the central regions of the country by a circular route through Voronezh-Kupyansk.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

At the end of September 1941, in accordance with the directive of the headquarters of the South-Western Front, the front armies, in addition to the units of the 6 Army, equipped defensive lines.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 6th Army of Major General R. ME.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Malinovsky at that time conducted active offensive operations in the Krasnograd area in order to liberate the city and cut off the wedged enemy group.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Fierce fighting in the area continued until October 5, 1941, but, despite all the efforts of the Soviet troops, units of the 52 and 44 Army Corps of the Wehrmacht were able to maintain their positions [39].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In other sectors of the front, active hostilities of local importance were also conducted.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In the Poltava direction, the 76th Mountain Rifle Division of the 38 Army found itself in a difficult situation, continuing to hold positions in the Chutovo area and found itself in semi-encirclement [40].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Based on an assessment of the current situation, Marshal S. K. Tymoshenko, who was the coordinator of the actions of the South-Western and Southern Fronts, focused on strengthening the defense in the Krasnograd and Poltava directions.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 6th Army received significant reinforcements at the expense of the Southern Front, where other areas of defense were weakened [41].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On September 27-30, 1941, German troops stationed on the territory of Ukraine launched a new offensive, conducting time-agreed operations on the sections of the Bryansk and Southern Fronts.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

1st Panzer Group of Colonel-General E.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

von Kleist broke through the defense of the weakened Southern Front near Dnepropetrovsk and entered the operational space.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result, a number of units and formations of the 9 and 18 armies of the Southern Front were surrounded [42].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

At the same time, the 2nd tank group of Colonel-General G. Guderian, having broken through the defenses at the junction of the Bryansk and South-Western fronts, launched an offensive in the Oryol direction.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Three armies of the Bryansk Front were surrounded, and on October 3, 1941, German tanks broke into Orel, cutting off the strategic Kharkov-Moscow highway and creating a direct threat to the capital of the USSR [43].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result of the German offensive, the troops of the South-Western Front were covered from both flanks: the enemy deeply wedged into the defense of neighboring fronts, and the depth of coverage was 60-200 kilometers , and communication with adjacent connections was lost.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Under these conditions, on October 6, 1941, the command of the South-Western Front decided to withdraw the right-flank armies (40th and 21st) 45-50 kilometers to the Suma-Akhtyrka-Kotelva line in order to cover Belgorod and northern approaches to Kharkov [44].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The withdrawal of Soviet troops took place with vigorous pursuit by the enemy, who struck blows at the junction of the retreating formations, posing a threat to their encirclement.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result, the Wehrmacht 29 Army Corps immediately broke into Sumy, and the 51 captured Akhtyrka [45].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The planned withdrawal line was occupied by the enemy, which forced the Soviet troops to retreat further east.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Taking advantage of this, the 17 Army Corps of the 6 of the German Army hit the junction of the 21 and 38 armies and, causing heavy losses, broke through the defenses.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The right flank of the 38 Army was upset, Bogodukhov was captured by the enemy and created a direct threat to Kharkov from the north [46].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The situation in the southern sector of the South-Western Front also deteriorated sharply: on October 7, 1941, having broken through the defenses at the junction of the 38 and 6 of the Soviet armies, the main forces of the Wehrmacht's 17 Army launched an offensive.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

German troops captured the most important railway junctions Lozovaya and Bliznyuki, cut off communication along the Kharkiv-Rostov line and took control of the crossing on the Seversky Donets.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 6th Army, having lost contact with neighboring armies, was under threat of encirclement [44].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Three divisions of the 10th Reserve Army, formed in Donbass, were sent to this area, and the units of the 6 Army were tasked with retreating to the east for 40-50 kilometers.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In pursuit of the retreating Soviet troops, the 11 Army Corps of the Wehrmacht advanced along the Krasnograd-Kharkov highway, covering the city from the south.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

By October 15, 1941, the troops of the South-Western Front held the defense along the Krasnopolye-Bogodukhov-Valki-Donets line.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Most of the rifle divisions of the South-Western Front corresponded in number to the regiments, and the incoming replenishment without any training was immediately put into battle “from the wheels” in parts, which led to large losses [47].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The stability of the defense was created at the expense of tank brigades, which, being a mobile reserve, were transferred to the most threatened areas.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

This tactic made it possible to avoid deep breakthroughs of the enemy's defense, but was achieved due to large losses and wear and tear of personnel and military equipment.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In mid-October, two tank brigades from the front had to be transferred to the location of the neighboring Southern Front, where the situation was critical [44].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

German troops firmly mastered the initiative and, skillfully maneuvering, concentrated superior forces in order to break through the Soviet defense at the junctions of the formations.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result, by October 15, 1941, units of the Wehrmacht approached Kharkov at a distance of up to 50 kilometers and could attack the city simultaneously from three converging directions.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Units of the 38 Army prepared for the defense of the city, relying on the defensive area built around the city.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Solid lines of trenches with a total length of up to 40 kilometers were equipped along the outer bypass, more than 250 artillery and about 1,000 machine-gun bunkers and dugouts were prepared, and up to 3,000 anti-tank hedgehogs and dowels.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 12-kilometer section on the western outskirts of the city was covered by electrified engineering barriers.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In the city itself, several hundred barricades have been built on the central streets using more than four hundred public transport cars.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Also, 43 city bridges were mined, and more than ten bridges, which were not important, were destroyed in advance [48].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

According to the combatants, Kharkiv was well prepared for defense, including in conditions of encirclement, and could be held for a long time [49].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

These data are confirmed by reports from the reconnaissance department of the 55th Army Corps of the Wehrmacht, which reported on the readiness of the Soviet troops to defend the city to the last [50].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The situation changed dramatically in the evening of October 15 with the receipt at the front headquarters of Directive No. 31 of the Supreme Command Headquarters, which set the task of withdrawing front troops to the Kastornaya-Stary Oskol-Valuyki-Kupyansk-Krasny line The estuary and with access to this line for the withdrawal of at least six rifle divisions and two cavalry corps to the front-line reserve.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The decision of the Headquarters was caused by the catastrophic situation that has developed in the defense zone of neighboring fronts, and the rapid pace of the German offensive in the Moscow direction.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Fighting October 16—22, 1941


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In accordance with the directive of the Headquarters, the front command gave orders to the army headquarters to withdraw troops by October 20, 1941 to the intermediate line of defense Oboyan—Belgorod-Merefa—Zmiyov—Balakleya—Barvenkovo.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The withdrawal of the front units was carried out in three divergent operational areas: Belgorod (40 and 21 armies), Kharkov (38 Army) and Izyum (6 Army).


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result, the 38 Army, when retreating, stretched its defense front by 50 kilometers by lengthening its right and left flanks [51].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In addition, the army was weakened due to the transfer of three divisions and two tank brigades to the front reserve.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On the contrary, German troops, having regrouped, concentrated on the Kharkov direction the strike forces of the 6 and 17 armies of the Wehrmacht.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

If the withdrawal of the rest of the armies of the South-Western Front took place in conditions of minor opposition from the enemy, then the formations of the 38 Army were vigorously persecuted.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

According to the schedule of the front headquarters, the 38th Army was supposed to hold its positions at a distance of 30-40 kilometers from Kharkov until October 23, contributing to the completion of evacuation and other evacuations carried out in the city events.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

However, the plans of the Soviet command were thwarted by German troops: on October 19-20, units of the 55 Army Corps captured the key defense point Lyubotin, and advanced patrols reached the suburbs of Kharkov — Pokotylovka and Pesochina.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

An attempt by a hastily organized Soviet counterattack to restore the situation failed [49].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Over the next day, taking advantage of the inconsistency of the withdrawal of units of the 38 Army, the 101st Light Division of the Wehrmacht occupies Dergachi, and units of the 11th Army Corps of the 17 of the German Army - Zmiev.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Kharkiv finds itself in a semi-encirclement, engulfed on three sides by the enemy.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The retreating Soviet units: the 76th Mountain Rifle and 300th Rifle Divisions were driven away from the city, to the north and south, respectively, forming a breach in the defense.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Only the garrison forces remained for the direct defense of Kharkiv.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

German troops were able to freely occupy the suburban line of defense.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In order to eliminate this, the commander of the 38 Army ordered the 216th Infantry Division, the main unit of the Kharkov garrison, to leave the city and prepare for defense, moving to the Peresechny area.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

While marching at night, the division, consisting of poorly trained conscripts, became upset: one of the regiments got lost and was found only after a day and a half, moreover, after an order to return to its original positions was received for several hours.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result, the unit, having spent more than a day concentrating, noticeably lost its combat effectiveness.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In addition, during the marches on October 19-20, up to 30% of the personnel deserted [52].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

By the end of October 20, 1941, German troops reached the urban outskirts of Kharkov, and Soviet units did not have a solid line of defense.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On the same day, the headquarters of the South-Western Front received instructions from Deputy Chief of the General Staff A. M. Vasilevsky to hold the Kharkiv region for two to three days [53].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Under these conditions, the command of the 38 Army assumes direct control of the defense of the city, subjugating the defense headquarters of Kharkov, headed by Major General I. AND. Marshalkov.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In practice, this led to the fact that Soviet units defending the city received sometimes contradictory orders simultaneously from two control centers - the army headquarters and the headquarters of Kharkov garrison [44].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The situation was aggravated by the fact that when the enemy approached Kharkov, power plants (including the supply lines of defensive electric barriers), a water supply system and a central telephone station.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Since the Kharkiv garrison was not equipped with radio communications, the city's defense leadership was deprived of the opportunity to quickly obtain information and control troops during the hostilities [54].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On October 21, German troops regrouped before a decisive assault on Kharkov.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

It was decided to capture the city by the forces of the 55 Army Corps of the 6 Army, for which the 101 Light and 239 Infantry Divisions were reassigned to it, and units of heavy artillery were assigned to it.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In order to disrupt preparations for the offensive on October 22, Soviet troops unexpectedly launched a counterattack by the forces of the 57th brigade of the NKVD and two regiments of the 216th Infantry Division in the direction of Kuryazh-Pesochin.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

During the day, protracted battles continued, and by evening the Soviet troops retreated to their original positions.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result of the actions of the garrison units, the enemy suffered losses, but it was not possible to prevent the assault on Kharkov scheduled for October 23.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Fighting in Kharkiv on October 23—25, 1941


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The offensive was planned by the command of the 55th Army Corps of the Wehrmacht at 12.00 Berlin time and was to be carried out by the forces of three divisions, another division was in reserve.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The main blow was inflicted by the 57 Infantry Division, which conducted a frontal offensive from the western direction with the support of units of the 101 and 100 Light Infantry Divisions advancing from the north and south [56].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Assault groups were created in each battalion of divisions, which were based on infantry units reinforced with sappers, light infantry guns, motorcyclists and armored vehicles.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The infantry actions were preceded by intensive artillery training carried out by heavy divisions of army subordination using 211-mm heavy mortars and 150-mm heavy howitzers.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

For operations in urban areas, infantry divisions were given divisions of assault guns, and batteries of 88 mm heavy anti-aircraft guns as anti-tank weapons.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

For the direct defense of Kharkov, the 216th Rifle Division, the 57th Rifle Brigade of the NKVD, the Kharkov Regiment of the People's Militia, separate battalions of local rifle troops were involved, armored (anti-tank) detachment.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The most combat-ready military unit among all units of the garrison was the 57th Rifle Brigade of the NKVD, under the command of Colonel M. G. Sokolov, which had a high level of combat training and was well equipped with automatic weapons.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The 216th Infantry Division, under the command of Colonel D. F. Makshanov, was formed in early October 1941 from conscripts and military personnel of rear units, did not have combat training, but was well armed.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The Kharkov regiment of the people's militia and battalions of local rifle troops consisted of local residents of different age categories who signed up as volunteers, and had a weak level of combat training.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The personnel were armed exclusively with rifles.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

A separate (armored) anti-tank detachment included 47 units of obsolete armored vehicles (25—T-27, 13—T-16 (KhTZ), 5—T-26, 4—T-35).


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The total number of troops of the garrison of the city of Kharkov was 19,898 people with 120 guns and mortars [57].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On the morning of October 23, 1941, German troops began reconnaissance in battle, and, as a result, a few hours later they gained a foothold in residential areas of the New Bavaria district on the western outskirts of Kharkov.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

At noon, after the end of artillery preparation, the main forces of the 57th Infantry Division went on the offensive.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Slowly moving along Sverdlova Street and parallel streets towards the railway station, German assault groups overcame the fierce resistance of units of the 216th Infantry Division.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Along the entire length of the streets, barricades, ditches and minefields built at each intersection prevented the enemy from advancing.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

By evening, units of the 57th Division of the Wehrmacht reached the railway line near the Kholodnogorsk overpass, which was partially blown up by Soviet sappers, but infantry could move along the surviving unit [ 58].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The Wehrmacht's 100th Light Infantry Division, which was advancing from the south, met with stubborn resistance from the 57th Rifle Brigade of the NKVD, and did not have tangible success.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The greatest success on the first day of the battles for Kharkov was achieved by the 101st Light Infantry Division, whose units, having occupied the Lysaya Gora area, managed to capture the Kuzinsky Bridge north of the station and, overcoming railway line, reached the western bank of the Lopan River.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Attempts by certain parts of the Wehrmacht to bypass the city and break into it from the north along the Belgorod highway were stopped by militia detachments on the defensive lines in Sokolniki [59].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

As a result of the first day of fighting, German troops managed to capture the western regions of Kharkov and reach the railway that crossed the city from north to south, and in some areas overcome it.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In these conditions, fearing encirclement, the commander of the 216th Infantry Division decided to withdraw his units to the eastern bank of Lopan, occupying the second line of defense.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Having learned about this, the command of the 38 Army canceled the withdrawal order and ordered the next day to dislodge the enemy from the western part of Kharkov with a counterattack.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

However, Soviet troops by this time had already retreated across the river, and sappers began to blow up bridges [60].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

In general, summing up the results of the first day of the fighting, we can conclude that the organized defense of the city did not work.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Without proper combat training, the Soviet units defending Kharkov, immediately after the enemy managed to break into its outskirts, succumbed to panic and began to hastily retreat to its center.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Due to the lack of necessary means of communication and poorly organized interaction between units and units, the command and headquarters of the defense almost completely in the first hours of the battles for the city have lost control over the actions of the troops [61].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On the morning of October 24, 1941, German troops occupied the city blocks between the railway and the river and reached the bank of Lopan.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Moreover, due to the failure of explosive devices, several bridges across the river were intact, including the central one, Bolshoy Lopansky [44].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

For six hours, one of the regiments of the 57th division of the Wehrmacht, with the support of artillery, aviation and assault guns, tried to seize this bridge and dislodge Soviet troops from the fortifications on the University Hill.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Other parts of the division, having managed to cross the river to the south, went to the area of the railway stations Balashovka and Levada and adjacent industrial enterprises.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Having crossed Lopan, units of the 101st Light Division entered Klochkovskaya Street and launched an offensive in divergent directions: along Kultury Street through Gorky Park to the air plant; along the descent of Passinaria to the State Industry on the central Dzerzhinsky Square and along Klochkovskaya towards the center, along the Lopan River.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Fierce fighting unfolded on Dzerzhinsky Square and the adjacent Karl Liebknecht Street, where units of the people's militia held the defense for more than five hours under the onslaught of superior enemy forces.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Units of the 57th Rifle Brigade of the NKVD still stubbornly defended, which, having gained a foothold in the area of the Osnova station, repelled the attacks of the Wehrmacht's 100th Light Division.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

By three o'clock in the afternoon, German troops captured the central districts of Kharkov, the resistance was focal in nature and turned out to be the forces of scattered individual units and detachments [62].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The command of the 38 Army was inclined to order an immediate withdrawal from Kharkov, but the directive of the headquarters of the South-Western Front ordered to hold the city until the end of October 25 [63].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Organized by the defense headquarters, an attempt to counterattack with the involvement of the last reserves led to a counter battle on Stalin Avenue near Rudnev Square, but was unsuccessful.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

By evening, units of the Wehrmacht reached the eastern outskirts of Kharkov, and the remnants of the garrison, concentrating in the area of Saburova dacha, began to retreat to the east.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The withdrawal order was given by the commander of the 216th Infantry Division D. F. Makshanov, who was removed from office in the morning by order of the army commander, but since the division headquarters had no connection with the army headquarters, the latter continued to lead the troops during the battles for the city.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

The new division commander, brigade commander F. F. Zhmachenko, managed to find and re-subdue only two battalions.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Until October 27, the division was actually controlled by two centers [64].


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

On the night of October 25, 1941, the commander of the garrison forces, Major General I. AND. Marshalkov and brigade commander F. F. Zhmachenko, on possible routes of withdrawal of troops, several special detachments of the barrier were set up, whose duty was to detain the troops leaving the city.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

By morning, with units assembled overnight, forces of up to two regiments, Soviet troops took up defense in the area of the tractor plant and the village of KhTZ, located outside the city, but administratively part of it composition.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

During the day, minor clashes were conducted with the reconnaissance and advanced units of the Wehrmacht, as the main forces of the 55 Army Corps were cleaning up the city, eliminating individual foci resistance and carried out sapper and engineering work.


Question: Who commanded the Red Army in the Kharkov operation of 1941?

Kharkiv operation (1941)

Already on the first day of the occupation, 116 Kharkiv residents were publicly executed [65].