Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

brick, 48 thousand sq.m.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

window glass.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

[20] [24]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Mechanical engineering


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The production of machinery and equipment accounts for approximately 1.5% of the country's GDP.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Basically, enterprises in this industry are focused on the production of oil equipment.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The research and production enterprise Iglim develops and manufactures airfield aircraft maintenance facilities and the production of on-board aircraft equipment.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

96.2% of special-purpose products are exported, while general-purpose products are not exported and are intended for the domestic market.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Senayejihaz Research and Production Enterprise develops and manufactures flow meters, meters, dispensers and pressure signaling devices for various liquids, including aggressive products.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The devices being developed and manufactured are intended for use in the oil industry, military shipbuilding, aviation and missile technology, nuclear power plants and thermal power plants.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Almost all products are exported.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The enterprise is on the balance sheet of the Ministry of Defense Industry of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

High tech


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2003, the Azerbaijani company Ultra began production of laptops under the nexus brand.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In the first years of production, 3 models were provided on the market, and later the range of laptops reached 20 models.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

[25] [26].


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The company also produces personal computers and servers, monitors, LCD TVs, USB drives, etc.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Shipbuilding


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

On November 20, 2009, a memorandum of understanding on the construction and operation of a shipyard was signed in Baku between SOCAR (SOCAR), the Azerbaijan Investment Company (AIK) and Singapore Keppel Offshore & Marine.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

SOCAR's participation at the initial stage of the project will be 70 percent, and the Azerbaijan Investment Company — 30 percent.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Within three months, Keppel Offshore & Marine intends to acquire 10 percent of the share in the project, and will buy another 10 percent over the next three years.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Automotive industry


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Gəncə Avtomobil Zavodu


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

At the Ganja Automobile Plant in the city of Ganja, the production of trucks has been established together with the Belarusian company MAZ.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The agreement was signed in 2006 with MAZ on joint production.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

[28] The manufactured equipment is called Gəncə.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

For 2010, 6 models of this brand are produced.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Also, in 2005, Ganja Automobile Plant signed a general agreement with Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

For 2010, Ganja Automobile Plant produces 6 models of UAZ cars.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

[29] In 2007, the Ganja Automobile Plant started producing Belarus tractors [30] In 2009, the 1000th Belarus tractor came off the assembly line of the Ganja Automobile Plant.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Ganja Automobile Plant also produces Oka cars. [31]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

AzSamand


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2006, Evsen Group built an automobile plant in Shamakhi.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

[32] Cars of this brand are produced under the name Azsamand Aziz. [33]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Naxçıvan Avtomobil Zavodu


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2009, the Nakhichevan Automobile Plant signed a contract for the production of cars with the Chinese company Lifan.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The plant plans to collect four modifications of cars under the Lifan-naz brand: Lifan-320, Lifan-520 (sedan and hatchback) and Lifan-620 models.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2011, it is planned to assemble 1000—1,500 cars, including those with automatic transmission [34] [35]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Military-industrial complex


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Aerospace industry


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The Special Design Bureau of Space Instrumentation is the development on a modern element base of remote measurement devices used in ground-based aerospace and military vehicles.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Space Instrumentation Pilot Plant produces instruments for scientific research, based on technical and technological documentation developed by the National Aerocomic Agency.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Special design and technology bureau.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

AzerSat's first national satellite


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The winner of the tender for the launch of the first national satellite was the American company Orbital Sciences Corporation.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

According to some reports, the launch of Azerbaijan's first artificial satellite was planned for December 2011.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

[36], but it was later announced to be launched in early 2013 from the Kourou Cosmodrome [37] [38] [39] [40]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Turkey will provide an orbital position for launching a communication satellite into space.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Turkey has leased its 50th personal position in geostationary orbit on appropriate terms.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Financial sector


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

As of 2007, the country's banking system was represented by the National Bank of Azerbaijan and 46 commercial banks (2 state-owned, 44 private, including 21 with participation foreign capital) [42].


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Since 2006, the country has had a bank deposit insurance system: in 2013, deposits of up to 30,000 manats were insured in 40 banks out of 44 [43].


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

ICT


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Since 2007, the income growth of the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector in Azerbaijan has reached 25-35% per year, and since 2004 it has been 32-35% per year.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

According to Minister of Communications and Information Technologies Ali Abbasov, the ICT sector is the most common in the oil sector of the country after the construction industry.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2008, investments in telecommunications and mail amounted to $270.5 million, of which $52.2 million went to state-owned enterprises and $218.3 million to private enterprises .


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2008, there was an increase of 28.3% in ICT services.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In the rating of the International Telecommunication Union, based on the results of a 5-year study of the level of development of information and communication technologies in the period from 2002 to 2007, Azerbaijan, along with Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, China, Luxembourg and Romania, is noted as the fastest growing economy in terms of ICT.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

According to ITU, these countries have managed to maximize the main indicators for this five-year period.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Having received 2.71 points in the overall rating, Azerbaijan moved from 100th place in 2002 to 14 positions ahead — to 86th place.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The ITU report emphasized that the possibilities of mobile communication and Internet access have increased many times over in the republic, and the reforms implemented have created favorable conditions for the further development of the industry.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

ITU specialists also noted the government's intention to make the ICT sector the second most important in the economy after the oil sector — “the government is implementing a number of measures aimed at modernizing and restructuring of the industry, which received about 170 million local investments in 2007 alone,” the report said.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2009, revenues in the ICT and postal sectors of Azerbaijan amounted to 1081.2 million manats, which is 13.6% more than in 2008.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The growth rate in the field of ICT in the country exceeded the global one (6.5%) by two times.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Private sector enterprises account for 80.1% of the revenues of the ICT and postal sector of Azerbaijan.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Transportation


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Rail transport


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Railways are one of the main modes of transport in Azerbaijan, accounting for about 40% of cargo turnover (2007) and up to 25% of passenger turnover [46].


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The total length of railways is 2,125 km, of which 800 km are double-track, and 2,995 km are deployed.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

1523 km (3 Kv DC) electrified [46]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Railway density (km/10,000 sq.km.): 242.0 (1993—1996) [47]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Road transport


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Total length: 59,141 km.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Of these, 29,210 km are paved.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The Department of “Yolnəqliyyatservis” of the Ministry of Transport of Azerbaijan operates and maintains 22,134 km of the country's main roads.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Of these, 1,684 km are international highways, 2,669 are strategically important, 13,000 km are of local importance, 1,500 km are on the territory of Baku, and 3.3 thousand km are in the regions.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The total number of bridges in the country is 1201. [48]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Air transport


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The largest cities of Azerbaijan are connected to Baku and to each other by air traffic.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The largest airport is located in Baku, from where regular international flights take place.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In addition to Baku, regular international flights are also operated from Ganja, Nakhichevan, Lankaran, Gabala and Zaqatala.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The state organization in the field of management and regulation in the Civil Aviation of Azerbaijan is the State Administration for Aviation Transport.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The total number of airports, as of 2007, was 35 (27 hard-surfaced landing strips [49] and 8 with unasphalted surface [49]).


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

According to the program for the development of civil aviation of Azerbaijan, regional airports in Lankaran and Zagatala were restored in 2008, and it is planned to restore Sheki airport, [50].


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Sea transport


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The largest Azerbaijani shipping company is the Caspian Shipping Company — Kaspar (Azerbaijan: Xəzər dəniz gəmiçiliyi), which is also the largest shipping company in the Caspian basin.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Kaspar is engaged in the transportation of all types of cargo, but a significant share in transportation is oil and petroleum products, the company also performs passenger transportation, and is the operator of the railway ferry Baku-Turkmenbashi and Baku-Aktau crossings.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Kaspar also owns a number of shipyards.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Pipeline transport


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum gas pipeline (South Caucasus pipeline) was officially opened on March 25, 2007.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The pipeline has a diameter of 42 inches and is 970 km long (442 km in Azerbaijan, 248 km in Georgia and 280 km from the Georgian-Turkish border to Erzurum).


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The length of each pipe is 11.5 m. [51] It is planned to pump gas produced within the framework of the Shah Deniz project through it.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline is a pipeline for transporting Caspian oil to the Turkish port of Ceyhan, located on the Mediterranean coast.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The official grand opening of the entire pipeline took place on July 13, 2006 in Ceyhan.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The length is 1,773 kilometers (through the territory of Azerbaijan (449 km), Georgia (235 km) and Turkey (1,059 km)).


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The design throughput capacity is 50 million tons of oil per year, or one million barrels per day.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The cost is 3.6 billion dollars.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The Baku-Supsa oil pipeline was put into operation on April 17, 1999.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The pipeline was built as part of a contract for the development of the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli fields, and its length is 837 kilometers.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

[53] Pipeline diameter 530 mm.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The Baku-Novorossiysk oil pipeline is a pipeline for transporting Caspian oil to the Russian port of Novorossiysk, located on the Black Sea coast.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Foreign trade


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Exports


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2014, Azerbaijan exported products totaling $67.7 billion.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Hydrocarbons account for about 88.2% of all exports from the republic, in addition, products of the machine-building industry, cotton and food are exported.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

According to the Federal Trade Service (FCS) of Russia, following the results of 2014, the level of trade turnover between Azerbaijan and Russia amounted to 6,702.5 million dollars, having increased by 39.3 per cent.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Imports


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2014, Azerbaijan imported products totaling $16.2 billion.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

This is 13% of foreign trade turnover.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Investments


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

to Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The acceptable conditions created for business have contributed to the excess of investment in the country's economy over the past years of $70 billion, half of which falls on foreign investments.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In April 2010, foreign investments in the Azerbaijani economy grew by 25.47% compared to March this year, and in the first quarter they increased by 37.9% year-on-year (by January-April 2009).


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The main goal of Azerbaijan's investment policy to improve the business environment is to form a criterion for stimulating the interest of foreign investment and conducting investment activities ; providing structural reforms in the social sphere of the economy; export growth and competitiveness in the world market for local products.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2011, investments of foreign companies and interethnic financial institutions in the economy of Azerbaijan increased by 3.2% and amounted to 3 billion.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

$256 million compared to 2010.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The UK is the leader in terms of investment in the economy, with a share of 46.2%.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The United States (14.3% of all investments), Japan (9.1%), Norway (5.1%) and Turkey (4.1%) are among the top five investing countries.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

According to the Central Bank of Azerbaijan, in 2011, foreign direct investment in the Azerbaijani economy amounted to 3.1 billion dollars.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Compared to 2010, the increase was $836.4 million.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

77.9% of foreign direct investment, in other words, $1.583 billion, was directed to the oil and gas sector.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The most important funds were spent by BP Exploration (Shah Deniz) and the Azerbaijan International Operating Company (AIOC). [57]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Germany has invested about $760 million in the economy of Azerbaijan and about 177 German companies operate in Azerbaijan.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

After gaining independence, companies have invested $174 billion in Azerbaijan.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2008, Azerbaijan was quoted as the World Bank's main business reformer: [59]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan led the whole world as a leading reformer in 2007-2008, with the improvement of seven out of 10 indicators of regulatory reform.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan started operating a department store in January 2008, which halved the time, cost and number of procedures for starting a business.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Business registrations increased by 40% during the first 6 months.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan also eliminated the minimum loan reduction of $1.100, which is more than twice the number of borrowers covered by the credit register.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In addition, taxpayers can now file and pay their taxes online.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Extensive reforms in Azerbaijan have advanced far, from 97 to 33 in the overall ease of doing business.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

77.6% of individuals and 22.4% of legal entities are engaged in small and medium-sized businesses in the country.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The share in the structure of GDP is in the range of 10% (and in the eurozone countries the level exceeds 30%).


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The main goal of small and medium-sized businesses is to increase the country's competitiveness.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan took 35th place in the Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018 of the World Economic Forum, and first in the CIS.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan's investments


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Over the past few years, Azerbaijan has invested about $3 billion in the Georgian economy.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

[62] During 2010, Azerbaijan invested about $47 million in the Georgian economy.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2010, the State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ) plans to invest $100 million in a joint venture with the International Finance Corporation, the Dutch Pension Fund, the Korean an investment corporation and the Saudi Arabian Fund, a fund for Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The State Oil Company of Azerbaijan (SOCAR) plans to invest from 400 million to 1.5 billion US dollars in a joint venture with the Romanian state company Romgaz and the Georgian Corporation oil and gas AGRI project for gas supplies to Romania and further to European markets.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The capital investments raised under the project will be used to build a gas liquefaction plant and a terminal in Georgia, and a degasification plant in Constanta, Romania.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Business development support


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The creation of the National Entrepreneurship Support Fund under the Ministry of Economic Development (NFSE) has played a huge role in the development of business in Azerbaijan.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

On the part of the NFSE, in order to stimulate entrepreneurship in the republic, programs are being developed to regulate the activities of small and medium-sized businesses, attract foreign investments, the tax system is improving, as well as introducing a national entrepreneurial idea, creating an entrepreneurial infrastructure, forming industrial spheres (business towns and business incubators) ), technology parks.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Registration of the activities of business entities under the “one-stop shop” system was introduced on January 1, 2008.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The period for registering legal entities has been reduced from 53 to 3 days, and the number of procedures has decreased from 15 to 5. [66]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The company's activities in the country were poorly developed 20 years ago, but now the private sector provides 80% of the country's GDP, which is 99.4% of domestic trade turnover, 20% foreign trade turnover, 63% of tax revenues to the budget of the republic.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Only 12.3% of enterprises in the country are owned by the state, the remaining 79.2% are private and 3.7% are joint ventures.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The remaining 4.8% goes to an enterprise with 100% foreign capital.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2011, the fund issued soft loans in the amount of $160 million.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

These funds were spent on the construction of more than 160 industrial, agricultural, trade and other enterprises in the regions of Azerbaijan.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Among them are a cannery and a tea factory in Lankaran, several factories for the production of building materials, a salt factory in Masazir, a technopark located in Sumgayit, an automobile a factory in Nakhchivan, a Bilasuvar cannery, a gold factory in Kedabek, as well as livestock and milk processing complexes in Agjabadi.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2011, the NFSE financed 843 investment projects worth $93.3 million.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

According to the Doing Business Report for 2019, published on October 31, 2018, Azerbaijan ranked 25th (57th in 2018), thus gaining the highest rating among the countries of the European region and Central Asia after Georgia (6th place) and Macedonia (10th place) [68] [69].


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Macroeconomic indicators


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

In 2004, Azerbaijan's GDP growth was 9.8%, in 2005 — 26.4%, in 2006 — 32.5%, in 2007 — 25%, in 2008 — 10.8%, in 2009 — 9.3%, in 2010 — 5% [70]


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Population income


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The minimum wage for 2017 is 116 manats, which is 68.80 US dollars.


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

See also


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Economy of Azerbaijan SSR


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan's budget


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Baku Stock Exchange


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Telecommunications in Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

The banking system of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

International Bank of Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Winemaking in Azerbaijan


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Bank Respublika


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Azpetrol


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

SOTKAR


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

References


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan

Notes


Question: How many large economic districts can Azerbaijan be divided into?

Economy of Azerbaijan


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Operation Downfall was a plan for the Allied (mainly US troops) to invade Japan at the end of World War II.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The operation was canceled after the surrender of the Empire of Japan due to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the entry of the Soviet Union into the war against it.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The operation was to consist of two parts: Operations Olympic and Coronet.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Operation Olympic, which was scheduled to begin in October 1945, using newly occupied Okinawa as a springboard, was to capture the southern third of one of the Japan's main islands, Kyushu.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Later, in the spring of 1946, a landing force supported by Kyushu aircraft was to land on Tokyo's Kanto Plain, Honshu Island, during Operation Coronet.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Japan's geography made the invasion plan obvious to the Japanese command, it prepared a defense plan.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Japanese have planned a total defense of the island of Kyushu, allocating most of the reserves for its protection.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Projections of possible losses during the operation vary, but they are believed to be extremely high: depending on the degree of participation of Japanese civilians in hostilities, could amount to millions for the Allies and tens of millions for the Japanese [1].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Development


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Responsibility for planning Operation Downfall fell on American commanders: Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, Army General Douglas MacArthur, and members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff — Fleet Admirals Ernest King and William Leahy, Army Generals George Marshall and Henry Arnold (the latter headed the US Air Force) [2].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

At the time, the development of the atomic bomb was carried out in the strictest secret under the control of several senior officials; the officers planning the invasion of Japan did not know about the existence of the Manhattan of the project.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Throughout the Pacific War, unlike the Western European Front, the Allies could not agree on who would be the supreme commander-in-chief in this theater of operations.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The command was divided into regions: for example, in 1945, in the Pacific Ocean Areas, Allied troops were led by Commander-in-Chief Chester Nimitz, while while Douglas MacArthur was the Supreme Commander at the South West Pacific Theatre.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The invasion of Japan, however, required unified command.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The confrontation between different branches of the armed forces — the US Navy wanted Nimitz in office, while the US army preferred MacArthur — was so fierce that it could disrupt planning.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In the end, the Navy agreed to MacArthur's High Command if necessary [3].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Discussion


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Most of the planning was focused on time and sacrifice: it was necessary to force Japan to surrender as soon as possible, with the least possible loss to the Allied forces.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Prior to the Quebec Conference of 1943, a joint US-British commission developed a plan “Appreciation and Plan for the Defeat of Japan”, not which provided for landing on the Japanese islands before 1947-1948 [4] [5].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The US Joint Chiefs of Staff, on the contrary, considered prolonging the war to such an extent dangerous for national morale.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

At the Quebec Conference, the UCNSH decided that Japan should be forced to surrender no later than a year after Germany did so.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The US Navy called for the use of the blockade and air strikes.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

They proposed operations to seize Korea and the territories of air bases near Shanghai for use by bombers [6].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

On the other hand, the US Army argued that such a strategy would prolong the war indefinitely and lead to unnecessary loss of life, so it considered it necessary to directly invade the main islands of the Japanese archipelago.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In the end, the army's point of view won [7].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Geographically, Japan was a difficult target, with few beaches suitable for landing invasion forces.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Only the southern of Japan's main islands, Kyushu, and the Kanto Plain (southwest and east of Tokyo) were suitable for landing.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Allies decided to launch the invasions in two stages: Operation Olympic should attack Kyushu Island; air bases will be created there, aircraft from which will support Operation Coronet to land in Tokyo Bay.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Assumptions


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

While Japan's geography was known and unchanged, US military planners could only assess the defenses that the attackers would face.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Based on intelligence available in early 1945, their assumptions included the following: [8]


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

“The operation in this area will be hampered not only by the imperial armed forces present there, but also by the fanatical population” [8].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

“Approximately three (3) divisions will be located in southern Kyushu, and three (3) more in northern Kyushu at the time of the start of Operation Olympic” [8].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

“The total number of defending troops that can be assembled for the operation against Kyushu will not exceed eight (8) to ten (10) divisions, and this number will be reached very quickly” [8].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

“Approximately twenty-one (21) defending divisions, including reserve divisions, will be in Honshu at the beginning of Operation [Coronet] and fourteen (14) of these divisions may be deployed in the area Kanto Plains” [8].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

“The enemy can withdraw its land-based aircraft from the Asian mainland to defend against our neutralizing attacks. Under such circumstances, it can assemble from 2,000 to 2,500 aircraft in the area, provided that the entire economy is strained, and these forces can act against the landing on Kyushu using airfields on own territory” [8].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Olimpik


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Operation Olimpik, the invasion of Kyushu, was to begin on “Day X”, which was scheduled for November 1, 1945.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The combined Allied fleet was to be the largest ever assembled, comprising forty-two aircraft carriers, twenty-four battleships, and four hundred destroyers and escorts.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Fourteen American divisions were to take part in the first landing.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Using Okinawa as a bridgehead, the goal of the operation was to capture southern Kyushu.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The captured territory was supposed to be the future springboard for the attack on Honshu as part of Operation Coronet.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Olimpik also included a disinformation plan known as Operation Pastel.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The pastel was intended to convince the Japanese that the Joint Staff had abandoned plans to directly invade the Japanese islands, and instead planned to surround and bomb Japan.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

This operation allegedly involved the seizure of bases on Formosa, along the Chinese coast and in the Yellow Sea [9].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The 20th Air Army continued to play its role as the main executor of Allied strategic bombing on the Japanese islands.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Tactical air support in preparation for the invasion was to be provided by the US Far Eastern Air Fleet (FEAF), a formation that included the 5th, 13th and 7th Air Forces fleets.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

FEAF was responsible for attacks on Japanese airfields and transport arteries in Kyushu and northern Honshu (the so-called Kammon Tunnel) and to achieve and maintain air superiority over the landing beaches.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Before the landing, an operation was to be carried out to capture the islands of Tanegashima, Yaku and Koshikijima, starting with the X-5 [10].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Okinawa operation demonstrated the importance of having safe anchorages near the landing site, which was supposed to reduce losses during landing and air raids.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Kyushu was to be captured by the US 6th Army at three points — Miyazaki, Ariake, and Kushikino.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

If you put the clock on the map of Kyushu, these points would correspond to 4, 5, and 7 o'clock, respectively.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The 35 beaches where it was planned to land were named by car brand: from Austin, Buick, Cadillac to Stutz, Wynton and Zephyr [11].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Given that it was planned to use a corps for each landing, the invasion planners assumed that the number of American troops would exceed the Japanese one at the rate of three to one.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

At the beginning of 1945, Miyazaki was virtually defenseless, while Aritake and its nearby harbor were well fortified.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Although Kusikino was poorly fortified, the surrounding area would require landing marines perhaps a long time to succeed.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

It was assumed that the invasion would not cover the entire island, but only its southern third to the dotted line on the map, marking the “common boundary of the offensive to the north”.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

South Kyushu was to become a springboard and accessible air base for Operation Coronet.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Coronet


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Operation Coronet (English: Coronet) was an invasion of Honshu, the Kanto Plain, south of Tokyo, to begin on “Y Day”, which was scheduled for March 1, 1946.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Operation Coronet was supposed to be the largest amphibious operation in history, involving 25 divisions, including a reserve stationed on ships, which was intended for initial stages of the operation.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

For comparison, 12 divisions took part in the largest amphibious assault force carried out, Operation Overlord, at the initial stage of the landing.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The US 1st Army was supposed to land at Kujukuri Beach, on the Byosho Peninsula, while the US 8th Army was to invade Hiratsuki in Sagami Bay.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Both armies were then to advance north, inland, and unite in Tokyo.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Allied Forces


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Operation Olympic was to use resources already present in the Pacific Ocean, including the British Pacific Fleet, the Commonwealth Fleet, which included at least eighteen aircraft carriers (accounting for 25% of Allied aircraft) and four battleships.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Australia's first tactical air fleet took part in the Philippine operation.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

It would probably increase the power of American close air cover over Japan.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

A major redeployment was planned for Operation Olympic Tiger Force, a heavy bomber unit consisting of 10 squadrons that were planned to be transferred from the Bomber Royal Air Force Europe Command at Okinawa Air Bases.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In the event that Operation Olympic needed reinforcements, they could be taken from the forces assembled for Operation Coronet, which in turn required the transfer of significant Allied forces from Europe, South Asia, Australasia, and elsewhere.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

They included the US 1st Army (15 divisions) and the 8th US Air Fleet, which were located in Europe.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

This redeployment was to take place simultaneously with the massive partial demobilization of soldiers of the US Army, which significantly reduced the combat effectiveness of the combat divisions, of which the most experienced officers and soldiers.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

American historian John Ray Skates wrote:


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

American planners [initially] did not pay attention to the possibility of [non-American] Allied ground forces participating in the invasion of the Kanto Plain.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The published plans show that all units involved in the invasion, the continuation of the offensive and in the reserve must be American.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

[However, as] the Coronet's plans were revised in the summer of 1945, all the major countries of the Anti-Hitler coalition offered their ground forces, and debate unfolded at the highest level regarding the numbers, tasks, armaments and supplies of these contingents.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Australian government proposed to include units of the Australian Army in the first wave of Operation Olympic, but US commanders rejected it [12].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In subsequent Allied negotiations, it was decided to create a Commonwealth Corps, initially composed of infantry divisions from the Australian, British and Canadian armies, to take participating in Operation Coronet.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Reinforcements were to be provided by the same countries, as well as other parts of the Commonwealth.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

MacArthur blocked proposals to include a division of the Indian Army, as there was a language barrier and differences in organization, composition, weapons, level of training and doctrine [13].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

He also recommended that the corps be organized similarly to the American corps, use only American weapons and supplies, and undergo six months of training in the United States before starting operations; these proposals were approved [14].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

British Lieutenant General Sir Charles Caitley has been proposed for the post of Commander of the Commonwealth Corps.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Australian government expressed fears that the general had no experience of fighting against Japan and proposed Lieutenant General Leslie Moreshead for this position [15] .


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The war ended before all decisions were made regarding the Commonwealth Corps.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Operation Ketsugo


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Meanwhile, the Japanese were developing their own defensive plans.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Initially, they expected an invasion during the summer of 1945.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

However, the battle for Okinawa lasted too long and they concluded that the Allies would not be able to launch a new operation before the typhoon season begins, during which the weather is too risky to amphibious operations.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Japanese intelligence has quite accurately identified the planned invasion sites: southern Kyushu in Miyazaki Prefecture, Ariake Bay and/or Satsuma Peninsula [16].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Despite the fact that there were no realistic options for winning the war, Japanese leaders believed that they could make the cost of conquering Japan by the Allies too high that they could agree on a truce in one form or another and avoid total defeat.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Japanese plan to resist the invasion was called Operation Ketsugo (Ketsugo: Sakusen, operation codenamed Solution).


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Japanese had that could be used in the event of an Allied invasion to protect the Emperor and the General Staff.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Kamikaze


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Admiral Matome Ugaki was recalled to Japan in February 1945 and took command of the 5th Air Fleet in Kyushu.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The 5th Air Fleet was created to carry out kamikaze attacks against ships, countering the invasion of Okinawa, Operation Ten-Go, and began training pilots and assembling aircraft to protect Kyushu, which, was expected to be the next target of the Allies.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Japanese defense was largely based on kamikaze tactics.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In addition to fighters and bombers, almost all training aircraft for this mission were assembled, trying to compensate for the poor quality of equipment and pilot training in quantity.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The army and navy could provide more than 10,000 ready to depart in July (and by October this number could be slightly higher), and it was planned to use all of them that could reach the invasion fleets.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Ugaki also oversaw the construction of hundreds of small disposable boats that could also be used to attack Allied ships off the coast of Kyushu.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

A little less than 2,000 kamikazes carried out attacks during the Battle of Okinawa, averaging one hit in nine attacks.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Kyushu, where there were more favorable conditions (including terrain that made it difficult for American radars to work), hoped to achieve one hit in six attacks due to the overload of the American air defense by a large number of kamikaze attacks per unit of time.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Japanese expected that aircraft would be able to sink more than 400 ships; they began to train pilots to target transports instead of aircraft carriers and destroyers, in which case the Allied losses should have been disproportionately larger than Okinawa.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

One staff officer calculated that kamikazes could destroy from a third to half of the invasion forces before landing [17].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Naval forces


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

By August 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was no longer an effective military force.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Combat-ready large warships consisted of six aircraft carriers, four cruisers and one battleship, for which there was not enough fuel.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

It could be enough “for a squadron of twenty destroyers and about forty submarines for several days of navigation” [18].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Japanese fleet also had about 100 miniature submarines of the Kyoryu type, 250 even smaller Kairyu type submarines, 400 Kaiten guided torpedoes, and 800 Shinyo kamikaze boats.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Ground forces


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Against amphibious operations, the defending side can apply two strategies: enhanced defense of potential landing sites or deep defense.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

At the beginning of the war (for example, in the Battle of Tarawa), the Japanese preferred to strengthen the defense of the beaches, with little or no reserves at all.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

This tactic was very vulnerable to preliminary artillery bombardment by warships.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In the later stages of the war, in the battles for Peleliu, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa, the Japanese changed strategy and strengthened their defenses in more defensive terrain.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

To protect Kyushu, the Japanese planned to apply a mixed strategy, placing a significant part of their defensive resources several kilometers deep into the island, which is quite enough, on the one hand, for avoiding a complete defeat from naval artillery, and on the other hand, would make it much more difficult for the Americans to take a safe bridgehead for further offensive after landing.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The troops that were supposed to resist the offensive were pushed back, ready to be transferred to where the main direction of the landing would be.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In March 1945, Kyushu had only one combat-ready division.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Four months later, the Imperial Army deployed troops from Manchuria, Korea and northern Japan to the island, significantly increasing the contingent.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

By August, there were fourteen divisions and various smaller units on the island, including three tank brigades, totaling 900,000 people [19].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Despite the fact that the Japanese could increase the number of troops at the expense of recruits, it was already problematic to arm additional units.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In August, the Japanese army had the equivalent of 65 divisions on the Japanese islands, but weapons were enough for only 40 and ammunition for 30 [20].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Japanese did not formally decide to bet on the defense of Kyushu, but they concentrated their resources there to such an extent that there would be very little left in reserve.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

According to one estimate, troops in Kyushu had 40% of all ammunition in the Japanese Islands at their disposal [21].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In addition, the Japanese created the People's Volunteer Corps, which included all healthy men aged 15 to 60 and women aged 17 to 40, and which numbered 28 million ready to resist people and, ultimately, combat units.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Weapons, training sessions and uniforms were generally lacking: some men were armed with muzzle-loading muskets, long bows or bamboo spears, but it was assumed that they would be able to fight and with this one [22].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

One of the mobilized high school girls, Yukiko Kasai, was given an awl and said, “Even the murder of an American soldier will do the job... You must aim at the stomach” [23].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Olimpik's allied adjustment


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Air threat


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

US military intelligence initially estimated the number of Japanese aircraft at about 2,500 [24].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Okinawa experience was sad — almost two killed and a number wounded on a combat sortie — the consequences for Kyushu would have been even worse.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

To attack ships near Okinawa, Japanese aircraft had to fly a long distance over open water; to attack ships near Kyushu, they would have to fly over land and much a shorter distance to the landing fleets.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Over time, scouts received evidence that the Japanese planned to use all their aircraft for kamikaze tactics and took all measures to preserve them until the battle began.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

According to estimates by the US Army, as of May, the Japanese had 3,391 aircraft at their disposal; as of June 4,862; as of August, 5,911.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

According to estimates by the US Navy, which did not distinguish between combat and training aircraft, there were 8,750 aircraft in July and 10,290 in August [25].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Allies have developed a kamikaze counter tactic known as the Great Blue Quilt.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

According to this tactic, the number of fighter squadrons on aircraft carriers increased instead of torpedo bombers and dive bombers, and converted B-17s received aviation radars similar in purpose to modern AWACS systems.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Nimitz, according to a preliminary maneuver plan, sent the fleet to the invasion beaches a few weeks before the start of amphibious operations so that the Japanese could take off their kamikaze aircraft, which were supposed to be instead of valuable vulnerable transports, find warships armed with anti-aircraft guns from bow to stern.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

But the main defense against Japanese air raids was to be fighter armadas that gathered on the Ryukyu Islands.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

US 5th and 7th Air Fleets and Marine Corps aircraft were to be deployed to the islands immediately after the invasion, and the air force was to be built up in preparation for a full-scale invasion of Japan.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In preparation for the invasion, air operations against Japanese airfields and transport arteries were to begin before the surrender of Japan.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Ground threat


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

During April, May and June, Allied intelligence received data on the strengthening of the Japanese ground forces, including the appearance of five additional divisions in Kyushu, showing this special interest and anticipating that by November the total number of troops in Kyushu will reach about 350,000 troops.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

This changed in July, when four new divisions were discovered and information was received about the expected increase in their number.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In August, there were already up to 600,000 soldiers, and identified nine divisions in southern Kyushu, three times less than the actual number.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In fact, this was a serious underestimation of Japanese forces; see above.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The estimated number of troops at the beginning of July was already 350,000 [26], and by the beginning of August it had increased to 545,000 people [27].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Intelligence data on Japanese preparations in Kyushu, which appeared in mid-July, greatly shocked the Pacific Command and Washington.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

July 29 [MacArthur's Chief of Intelligence, Major General Charles E.] Willogby... noted that initially in April it was assumed that the Japanese were able to deploy six divisions to Kyushu, when in fact they could deploy ten.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

“They already have these [six] divisions, as predicted,” he said, “and there is no end in sight yet.”


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

If not checked, their forces threaten to “grow to a one-to-one relationship with the attackers, which does not correspond to the recipe for victory” [28]


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The increase in the number of Japanese ground forces in Kyushu has forced US military planners, especially General George Marshall, to consider making major changes to Olympic or replace to a different invasion plan.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Chemical and nuclear weapons


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Due to the predictability of wind directions and some other factors, Japan was particularly vulnerable to chemical attacks.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Such attacks could neutralize Japanese tactics of using caves and tunnels — underground structures could only increase the vulnerability of soldiers to gas.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Despite the fact that chemical weapons were banned by the Geneva Convention, neither the US nor Japan signed it at the time.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The US, however, did not use gas weapons, but Japan used gas against the Chinese in the war [29].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Fears of a Japanese response [using chemical weapons] diminished, as at the end of the war, the Japanese no longer had the ability to use aircraft or long-range artillery to deliver chemical weapons.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In 1944, Ultra revealed that the Japanese were concerned about their ability to use chemical weapons against the United States.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

“All precautions must be taken to prevent the use of gas,” the commanders warned.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Thus, Japanese leaders were very concerned about avoiding the tactical use of gas on the Japanese islands, as they feared an escalation of the conflict [30].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

By order of Marshall, Major General John Edwin Hull explored the possibility of tactical use of nuclear weapons to invade the Japanese islands (even after two strategic atomic bombs were dropped on Japan Marshall did not think the Japanese would immediately capitulate).


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Colonel Lyle Siman reported that at least seven bombs would be available by Day X that could be dropped on defending Japanese troops.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Siman advised the US Army not to land after dropping the bomb “for at least the next 48 hours”; the risk of radioactive contamination has not yet been well understood, and such a short time after the explosion could lead to radioactive contamination of American soldiers [31].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Alternative goals


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Joint Staff planners, noting the concentration of Japanese troops in Kyushu by weakening the defense of other parts of Japan, considered alternative routes of invasion, including Shikoku Island, northern Honshu in the Sendai or Ominato area — or even without prior invasion, immediately attack Tokyo directly [32].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The attack on northern Honshu had advantages in the form of a weaker defense, but at the cost of abandoning the use of land-based aircraft (except for the B-29) from Okinawa air bases.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Olimpik's prospects


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

General Douglas MacArthur saw no reason to change plans:


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

I am sure that the potential of Japanese aviation, which is being reported to you as accumulating to counter our Olympic operation, is greatly exaggerated.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

[...] As for the ground forces [...] I do not believe [...] in the power of the forces in southern Kyushu that is being reported to you.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

[...] In my opinion, we should not allow even the weak idea of replacing Operation Olympic [33].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

However, Admiral Ernest King, Commander of Naval Operations, was ready to formally challenge the invasion supported by Admiral Nimitz, which caused major disputes in U.S. government.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

At this point, key negotiations were going on between Marshall and Truman.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

There is solid evidence that Marshall remained committed to the invasion until August 15.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

[...] But after moderating Marshall's personal contribution to the invasion decision, we must understand that approval of the operation by civil authorities in general, and Truman in particular, was unlikely due to the high price an invasion that no longer encouraged consent from the military departments. [34]


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The Americans did not know that despite the Yalta agreements, an invasion of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands was being prepared in the USSR, followed by an invasion of weakly protected Hokkaido at the end August, which should have put pressure on the Allies, who should have done something before November.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Nevertheless, the logistical capabilities of the USSR were extremely weak, and the naval forces in the Pacific Ocean were inferior even to the remaining Japanese ones, and, in addition, did not have experience in ocean amphibious operations - which limited the potential of the Soviet operation.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

On August 15, Japan signed a surrender, as a result of which the issue of invasion was removed. [


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Estimated losses


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Since US military experts believed that “operations in the area would be resisted not only by the existing organized military units of the Empire, but also by the fanatical population” [8], a high level of losses was considered inevitable, but no one knew exactly how high it would be.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The estimates made by different authors differed significantly from each other, as well as the initial assumptions for such estimates.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The purposes for which such assessments were made also differed, sometimes to protect the invasion plan, sometimes to criticize it.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Subsequently, these estimates were used to discuss the feasibility of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Estimates of the number of losses were based on the experience of previous campaigns, which were analyzed from various points of view:


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In a study carried out by CPNS in April, figures of 7.45 loss/1,000 person-days and 1.78 fatalities per 1,000 person-days were used.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Based on this, the 90-day Olympic led to 456,000 casualties, including 109,000 deaths.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

If the Coronet lasted another 90 days, the total loss would be 1,200,000 people, including 267,000 deaths [36].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

A study conducted by Admiral Nimitz's employees in May estimated losses of 49,000 people in the first 30 days, including 5,000 at sea [37].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

A study conducted by General MacArthur's staff in June estimated 23,000 losses in the first 30 days and 125,000 after 120 days [38].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

When these figures were questioned by General Marshall, MacArthur provided a new estimate of 105,000 casualties, partly by deducting the wounded who would be able to return to service [39].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

During a June 18 meeting with President Truman, Marshall, using the Philippines Campaign's Luzon Battles as Olympic's best available counterpart, estimated US casualties at 31,000 in the first 30 days (and ultimately 20% of Japanese losses, which implied a total loss of 70,000 people) [40] Admiral Lehi, taking the Battle of Okinawa as an analogue, believed that the American losses would be 35% ( implying a total loss of 268,000 people) [41].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Admiral King believed that losses in the first 30 days would be between Luzon and Okinawa, that is, between 31,000 and 41,000 people [41].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Of all these estimates, only Nimitz took into account losses at sea, although kamikaze actions led to 1.78 deaths per kamikaze during the Battle of Okinawa [42], and transports with troops when landing on Kyushu would be much more vulnerable.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

A study undertaken for US Secretary of War Henry Stimson estimated that American losses in the conquest of Japan would range from 1.7 to 4 million people, including 400,000 to 800,000 dead.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

At the same time, Japanese losses were estimated in the range from five to ten million people.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The key assumption was the active participation of civilians in protecting Japan [43].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Outside the government, informed observers also made their assessments.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Kyle Palmer, war correspondent for the Los Angeles Times, believed that half a million to a million Americans would die before the end of the war.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Herbert Hoover, the former President of the United States, also estimated the death toll in memorandums sent to Truman and Stimson in the range of 500,000 to 1,000,000, and considered his estimates conservative; however it is not known whether Hoover discussed these specific figures during meetings with Truman [44].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

During the Battle of Okinawa, which fought hard for the island, the US lost 72,000 people in 82 days, including 12,510 killed and missing (this is a conservative estimate, as it does not include several thousand soldiers who died from their injuries).


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

The island of Okinawa covers an area of 464 square miles; capturing it thus cost the US 407 dead and missing for every 10 square miles of the island.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

If the US lost only 5% per square mile in the invasion of Japan to Okinawan, the total death toll would be 297,000.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In anticipation of the invasion of Japan, the United States produced about 500,000 Purple Heart medals, which, according to the statute, are awarded to all American soldiers killed or injured as a result of enemy actions.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

So far, all American losses in the 60 years since the end of World War II — including the wars in Korea and Vietnam — have not exceeded this number.


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

In 2003, about 120,000 of these medals were still in stock [45].


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Notes


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Literature


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

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Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

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Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

References


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Category:Military plans created in the 20th century


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Category:WWII failed operations


Question: Who planned Operation Downfall?

Operation Downfall

Category:Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Synagogue (from Greek: sunagωγ, “assembly”; Hebrew: public, beit kneset - “meeting house”; Yiddish: shul - “school”), after the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem - the main institution of the Jewish religion , a room that serves as a place of public worship and the center of religious life of the community [1].


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The synagogue not only had a decisive influence on the formation of Judaism.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Tradition attaches great importance to the synagogue in Jewish life.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The Talmud believes that it is second only to the Temple in holiness, and calls it mikdash meat, a “small sanctuary” [2], as it is said:


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The origin of the synagogue


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Most historians believe that synagogues appeared about twenty-five centuries ago in Babylon, after the destruction of the First Temple and the beginning of the Babylonian captivity.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Jews expelled to Babylon began to gather in each other's houses to pray together and teach the Torah.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Later, special prayer buildings were built — the first synagogues.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

At the beginning of the Second Temple period, Jewish lawmakers decided that prayer should be done in the community.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Each community should build a “meetinghouse” (Beit Knesset or synagogue in Greek) where Jews would gather for prayer on Shabbat, holidays, and weekdays.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Synagogue arrangement


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Although the synagogues differ from each other outwardly, their internal structure is based on the design of the Temple, which, in turn, repeated the structure of the Tabernacle built by the Jews in the desert.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

It was a fenced rectangular space.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Inside there was a washbasin, where clergymen washed their hands and feet before the start of the service, and an altar for the sacrifice of animals.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

This was followed by a kind of tent called the Sanctuary.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Only clergymen could enter it.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

In the depths of the Sanctuary, hidden by a special curtain (parochet), was the Holy of Holies.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

There was the Ark of the Covenant, containing the Tablets of the Covenant with the Ten Commandments carved on them.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

When King Solomon built the Temple, he reproduced the structure of the Tabernacle, adding an adjacent courtyard where women could pray.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Synagogues are built in such a way that their facade always faces Israel, if possible, Jerusalem, where the Temple stood (for European synagogues this means orientation to the east).


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

In any case, the wall by which aron kodesh stands (the cabinet in which the Torah scrolls are kept) is always directed towards Jerusalem, and anywhere in the world a Jew prays facing it.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

According to the rules, it is necessary to strive to ensure that the synagogue is located at the highest place in the city.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

mini|left|219px|Cahal Shalom Synagogue


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Rhodes, Greece


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The synagogue is usually rectangular in shape, for men and women there are separate rooms (this can be a balcony, side or rear chapel), separated by a Mexico City.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

There is a sink at the entrance, where you can wash your hands before praying.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

In the part of the synagogue that corresponds to the location of the Sanctuary in the Temple, a large closet (sometimes in a niche) is installed, covered with a curtain called parokhet.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

This cabinet is called the synagogue ark (aron kodesh) and corresponds to the Ark of the Covenant in the Temple, where the tablets with the Ten Commandments were kept.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The closet contains the Torah scrolls, the synagogue's most sacred treasure.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

At the center of the synagogue is an elevation called bima or almemar.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

From this elevation, the Torah is read, and a scroll table is installed on it.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

This is reminiscent of the platform from which the Torah was read in the Temple.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Above the ark is ner tamid, the “unquenchable lamp”.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

It always burns, symbolizing the Menorah, the Temple's oil lamp.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

There were seven wicks in the menorah, one of which burned constantly, as it is said: Next to ner tamid there is usually a stone slab or bronze plate engraved on it, with the Ten Commandments engraved on it.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Synagogue functions


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The time of prayer in the synagogue coincides with the time of daily sacrifices in the Temple, however, prayer is not a substitute for sacrifice.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Unlike, for example, a Christian church, the synagogue is not a temple, but only a room for public prayer.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The Jewish Temple can only be built in one place — on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

In the era of the Second Temple, the function of the synagogue was to maintain a close connection between Jews, wherever they lived, and the Temple in Jerusalem, of course, without competing with the Temple.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

After the destruction of the Temple, the synagogue is called upon to revive the spirit of the Temple in all Jewish communities.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The functions of the synagogue are very broad.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Synagogues often have schools where children and teenagers learn Torah.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The Talmud says that there were 480 synagogues in Jerusalem, and each had two schools — elementary (bet sefer) and secondary (bet-talmud).


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The Bet-Sefer taught the Scriptures, and the Bet-Talmud taught the Mishnah.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Traditionally, synagogues provide the community with a library.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

It is considered a very pious thing to buy books for such a library.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

In any synagogue, you can find the Pentateuch with commentaries, the Mishnah, the Talmud, hundreds and sometimes thousands of other books.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Any member of the community is entitled to use them.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The synagogue celebrates circumcision (Brit Mila), coming of age (Bar Mitzvah), ransom of the first child and other religious rituals.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Beit Din, a local religious court, can also sit in the synagogue.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Synagogues are completely independent.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Any group of believers can organize a synagogue.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Believers choose their own leaders to manage the synagogue.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The synagogue board manages funds to help those in need, arranges visitors for the night, etc.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Synagogue service


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

New forms of worship in synagogues were based on concepts developed from temple service, and thanks to the Temple, they became part of the religious life of the Jewish people.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The synagogue was located in the temple yard, and prayers and reading the Torah were part of the temple service.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Many temple rituals, such as birkat kohanim, waving a lulava on Sukkot, blowing a shofar, and others, came to the synagogue service from a temple ritual and were distributed in synagogues in the Land of Israel and in the diaspora during the existence of the Temple.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Over time, Torah reading in the Temple has also been added to the study of the Torah.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

On Saturday and on holidays, the Sanhedrin gathered in the Temple as a bet midrash; in the temple yard, lawmakers taught the people the laws of the Torah.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The ancient copies of the Holy Scriptures and works of national historical literature kept in the Temple were the standard of the canonical text, and at the request of the diaspora communities, temple scribes made copies for them from these books.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Despite the development of new forms of veneration of God, in the people's consciousness, the Temple continued to be the seat of the Shechina and the only place of sacrifice to God.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Through temple sacrifice and the accompanying purification, the transgressions of both individuals and the entire people were atoned for, which contributed to the spiritual purification and moral improvement of Israel.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The temple cult was seen as a source of blessing not only for Jews, but also for all peoples of the world.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

After the destruction of the Temple, the synagogue is called upon to revive the spirit of the Temple in all Jewish communities.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Famous synagogues


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Synagogue in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City (until 1948)


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Temple Beth-El, Florida's oldest art deco synagogue


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

The Old Synagogue (Erfurt) was built in the 12th—13th centuries.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Dohany Street Synagogue in Budapest, Europe's Largest


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Sofia Synagogue, Sofia, Bulgaria


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Kharkiv Choral Synagogue


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Baal Shem Tova Synagogue in Medzhybizh, photo from 1915.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

It was destroyed and rebuilt again


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Great Choral Synagogue in Saint Petersburg


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Moscow Choral Synagogue


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Worms Synagogue, also known as Rashi Synagogue


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Literature


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Notes


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

References


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

. — M.: Bridges of Culture; Jerusalem: Gesharim, 2002.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

— ISBN 5-93273-085-4.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Chakovskaya L. S. The incarnate memory of the Temple.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Artistic world of synagogues in the Holy Land of the 3rd-6th centuries AD


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

— M.: “Indrik”, 2011.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

— ISBN 978-5-91674-113-1.


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Category:Judaism


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Category:Jewish community


Question: What is the name of the largest synagogue in the world?

Synagogue

Category:Places of worship


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

Mass protests that led to the revolution [1] [2] in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005, and the overthrow of President Askar Akayev, and the arrival of Kurmanbek Bakiyev to his post.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

In February-March 2005, regular parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan, which were recognized by international observers as dishonest, which led to popular discontent and a sharp aggravation the situation in the country and the overthrow of the existing regime.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev, having failed to stop attempts to usurp power, left the country with his whole family and received temporary asylum in Russia, where he still lives today.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

Power passed into the hands of the heterogeneous opposition.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

Immediately after that, internal disagreements and conflicts began among the winners.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

After a while, Askar Akayev, as a result of negotiations with representatives of the opposition, signed a letter of resignation from the presidency.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

As a result of early elections, Kurmanbek Bakiyev, one of the opposition leaders, was elected president.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

This, however, did not lead to the stabilization of life in the country, and opposition figures (primarily Kurmanbek Bakiyev and Felix Kulov) continued the struggle for power, or rather for leadership in tandem, which was successfully won by K. Bakiyev said.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

Driving forces


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

The Kyrgyz opposition did not have a single political platform, being a group of former party and statesmen who for one reason or another turned out to be objectionable to Askar Akayev, and therefore who are deprived of access to the benefits and privileges that public posts carry with them.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

Having been defeated in the parliamentary elections (according to foreign NGOs: “due to violations of the law and abuses on the part of the authorities”), the oppositionists organized gatherings and rallies.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

The involvement of masses of people to these rallies was ensured by opposition leaders.


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

Some of the protesters consisted of representatives of the same kind as opposition leaders, others were fellow villagers, as well as those to whom the money was distributed [3].


Question: How many people were injured in mass protests in Kyrgyzstan in March 2005?

Tulip revolution

The mass nature of the rallies was also ensured by the large number of observers, urban residents who went out to look at the walking columns with flags, banners and slogans, as well as “people in mufti”.