Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

In 2006, he moved to work at the Slavic Legal Center and became the executive editor of the magazine Religion and Law [5].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Since 2008 — Director of the Research Private Institution “Institute of Religion and Law” of the Slavic Legal Center [9] [10]


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Since June 2011, together with Inna Zagrebina, he has been co-chairman of the non-profit partnership Guild of Experts on Religion and Law, and later President of this partnership.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Since September 2011 — editor-in-chief of the online publication of the Slavic Legal Center “Religion and Law”.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

In 2011, he was an expert (Public Policy Scholar).


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lecturer of the Legal Religious Studies program at the Moscow Theological Seminary of Evangelical Baptist Christians.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Participant of seminars at the Carnegie Moscow Center as part of the Religion, Society and Security program.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

testimonials


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Positive


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Religious scholar and Honored Professor of Moscow State University I. ME.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Kanterov refers to S. Filatova and R. Lunkin to “authoritative Russian sociologists of religion” [12].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Leading Researcher of ISPI RAS E.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

A. Kublitskaya includes Lunkin in the list of “leading scientists of our country dealing with the problems of sociology of religion” [13].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Professor of the Philosophy Department at MGIMO M. IN. Silantyev describes Lunkin as a “famous sociologist of religion” [14].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

In the collective monograph “Social Partnership of the State and Religious Organizations” Lunkin and S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov is defined as “well-known sociologists of religion” [15].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Director of the Center for Ethnocultural and Religious Studies of the Russian Orthodox University A. IN. Mitrofanova describes Lunkin as a “well-known researcher of Orthodox religiosity” [16].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Historian and religious scholar A. IN. Gaidukov in an interview with the research service “Sreda” in response to the question “Who is your authority in the professional environment?” along with others, noted that “Roman Lunkin immediately came to mind from modern ones” [17].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Religious scholar V. A. Egorov in an interview with the research service “Sreda” in response to the question “What sources do you get information about your work from?” expressed the following opinion: “... I can refer to what Roman Lunkin is doing — “Religion and Law” [18].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Sociologist I. G. Kargina in an interview with the research service “Sreda”, speaking about the “masters of sociology of religion”, expressed the following opinion: “If we talk about the new generation, that is, different jobs, you can agree with them or disagree, but they have a grain that is interesting, and this is an expression of a certain position. These are works by Roman Lunkin, Marina Mchedlova, Sergey Lebedev, Yulia Sinelina” [19].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Candidate of Philosophical Sciences S. G. Karaseva and Candidate of Sociological Sciences E.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

IN. Shkurov includes Lunkin in the list of seven organizers and performers of “the largest post-Soviet studies of religiosity” in Russia [20].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Critical


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

In 2003, religious scholar, candidate of philosophical sciences, associate professor of the Voronezh branch of the Modern Humanitarian Academy, chairman of the Voronezh Regional Branch of the Association of Religious Researchers M. A. Zherebyatyev, in an open letter on the Scientific Atheism website, criticized Lunkin for his immense “special disposition towards evangelical churches”, since “the fact ceases to be an ordinary fact.”


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

He writes that “Messrs. Filatov and Lunkin, diligently describing the current state of Russian Pentecostalism, do not forget to mention the political preferences of representatives of this directions”.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Zherebyatyev notes that “It turns out that in the federal elections, evangelicals spontaneously, but at the same time in a consolidated manner, vote for the liberal party Yabloko” and criticizes the authors for forgetting to mention them” Yabloko's leadership did not hit a finger to attract Protestant voters to its side or at least decide on its own religious and social program.”


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

He regrets to conclude that “this is not the only exaggeration that the reader encounters” [21].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

On December 8, 2006, Yakov Krotov, a religious publicist, historian and priest of the UAOC (o), sent a letter to the Keston Institute, and copies to the editors of baznica.info and portal-credo.ru, in which he reported his the opinion that Lunkin's religious studies materials do not meet scientific standards [22] [23].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

The editor-in-chief of baznica.info published a letter and announced that he was suspending the publication of any materials from the Keston Institute until clarification was received [22].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Krotov also described Roman Lunkin as “a journalist with a diploma in sociologist and tabloid press practice” [23] [24] [25].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

In 2009, a Russian researcher of sects, Chairman of the Expert Council for Conducting State Religious Studies under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation A. L. Dvorkin in an interview called Roman Lunkin a “sector-defense propagandist”, leading a “dirty information war” [26].


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

In 2009, editor-in-chief of the Orthodoxy and the World portal, Candidate of Philology, Senior Lecturer at the Department of General and Comparative Historical Linguistics, Faculty of Philology, Moscow State University.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

MV


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lomonosova A. A. Danilov in his review of “Roman Lunkin's text for Portal-Credo.Ru about an experiment in teaching the basics of religious culture in schools” and an attempt to criticize A. IN. Kuraeva notes that his article is “not rhetorical arguments, but manipulation noticeable to the naked eye.”


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

After a consistent analysis with examples, Danilova comes to the conclusion that “this chain of manipulations ends with the fact that the author confuses himself”, and also notes “how such techniques manipulations, like impersonal constructions, vivid epithets, abstract phobic words and modal verbs can replace evidence, analysis, and, in fact, controversy.”


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

In 2009, Irinei Lyonsky, head of the Saratov branch of the Center for Religious Studies, editor-in-chief of the Information and Analytical Website Anticekta.ru, a figure in the anti-sectarian movement Russia, member of the Expert Council for Conducting the State Religious Expertise under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, teacher at the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary, Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, religious scholar A. IN. Kuzmin in his address to “media workers, representatives of state power, law enforcement officers, heads of organizations to all interested citizens” refuted Lunkin's article “A bad dream under the guise of Orthodoxy. The conflict around the Saratov Protestant Church “Word of Life”, provoked by the “sector expert”, is getting out of control” published on the website “Portal-Credo.Ru”.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Kuzmin points out that “in his article Lunkin tries to show my activities to warn about the danger of sectarianism as something purely personal and dictated exclusively by my beliefs.”


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Speaking about Lunkin's article, he expresses the opinion that it “is replete with obvious lies and numerous falsification of facts.”


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Kuzmin emphasizes “Lunkin's clearly dismissive tone in relation to Orthodox traditions and Orthodoxy itself cannot be left indifferent, since our entire Orthodox faith is based on our Orthodox faith culture, all the traditions of our people, but Lunkin is deeply indifferent to this in his article.”


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

He also notes that “before writing his article, Lunkin called the Saratov eparchy, the Government of the Saratov Region and the Saratov City Administration, collecting information about me and Saratov branch of the Center for Religious Studies” and “after the publication of Lunkin's article, I talked with all its defendants - Irina Sergeevna Krasnoperova, Margarita Gennadyevna Lozgacheva, priests Dionisy Gabasov and Daniil Sysoev”, who, according to him, “are deeply outraged by Lunkin's article, its deceit and obvious fabrication.”


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

According to Kuzmin, “Krasnoperov and Lozgachev did not give an interview to anyone, the person who called them did not specify the terms of the interview, he did not tell them that he was interviewing them,” and Krasnoperova Lozgachev and Gabasov “argue that the meaning of the words attributed to them in the article does not correspond to reality”.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Kuzmin sums up asking “not to succumb to the provocations of Lunkin and other sector defenders and remember the value of preserving peace between all religions” [28]


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Personal life


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

He considers himself Orthodox and was an altar boy in his youth [29] [30] The Protestant Church is interesting because it educates honest citizens, it is an open church that supports democracy and human rights.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

As an Orthodox person, I am also attracted to the diversity and originality of the spiritual experience in these churches, from Baptists to charismatics.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

He is friends with P. IN. Mitskevich and Yu.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

K. Sipko.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Scientific works


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Dissertation


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. The creed and social activities of Pentecostal people in Russia: Dis.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

cand.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

philos.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Sciences: 09.00.13: M., 2005.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

200 p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Articles


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

in Russian


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

The end of the 90s: the revival of religious intolerance//Intolerance in Russia: old and new phobias.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center, 1999.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 136—150.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

The Roerich movement in Russia: restoration of the connection of times//Questions of Philosophy.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 63-73.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Non-Christian peoples of Russia in the face of Christianity//Religion and Society: Essays on the modern religious life of Russia/Otv.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

M.-SPb.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

: Keston Institute; Summer Garden, 2002.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 361-382.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. The Orthodox Church of the Mother of God Derzhavnoy//Modern religious life of Russia: The experience of systematic description.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

T. I/Otv.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

M. Burdo, S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Moscow: Keston Institute; Logos, 2003.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

C. 136-159.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Pentecostals in Russia: Dangers and Achievements of the “New” Christianity//Religion and Society: Essays on Modern Religious Life in Russia/Otv.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

M.-SPb.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 336—360.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Pentecostalism and the charismatic movement of T. II//Modern religious life in Russia: The experience of systematic description.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

T. I/Otv.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

M. Burdo, S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Moscow: Keston Institute; Logos, 2003.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 241—387.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Social Service of the Russian Orthodox Church in Post-Soviet Society//Orthodox Christianity and Contemporary Europe/Ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

by J. Sutton and Wil van den Bercken.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Peeters.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Leuven-Paris-Dudley, 2003.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 271—287.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Orthodoxy in Pomeranian and Novgorod//Religion and Society: Essays on Modern Religious Life in Russia/Otv.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

M.-SPb.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 33-57.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Roerichianism: a synthetic worldview or a new religion?


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

//Religion and Society: Essays on Modern Religious Life in Russia/Otv.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

M.-SPb.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 450-469.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

The North Caucasus: Mountain Peoples in Search of Religious Identity//Religion and Society: Essays on Modern Religious Life in Russia/Otv.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

M.-SPb.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 158—188.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Protestantism and globalization in the expanses of Eurasia//Religion and Globalization in the Vastness of Eurasia.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

A. IN. Malashenko and S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatova.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center, 2005, p. 90-125;


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Statistics of Russian religiosity: the magic of numbers and ambiguous reality//“Sociological studies”, 2005, No. 6, pp. 35-45.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Protestants and political conflicts in Eurasia: salvation of souls and managed democracy//Religion and Conflict.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Carnegie Moscow Center, ROSSPEN, 2007.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 175—222.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. New religious movements in Russia: Christianity and post-Christianity in the mirror of new gods and prophets. Twenty years of religious freedom in Russia.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Carnegie Moscow Center, ROSSPEN, 2009.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 330-394.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. “Russian” regions of Russia: the degree of Orthodoxy and political orientations//"Sociological studies”, 2008, No. 4 (288), pp. 27-37.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. “Pro-Orthodox consensus” in Russia: faith and disbelief//“Modern Europe”, No. 1 (33), January-March, 2008, pp. 139—144.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. The Old World — Modern Times: A Real Picture of Europe//“Modern Europe”, No. 1 (33), January-March, 2008, pp. 128—132.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. East and Europe: on the way to a dialogue of civilizations//“Modern Europe”, No. 2 (34), April-June, 2008, pp. 140—142.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. European identity: Russia The European Union//“Modern Europe”, No. 3 (35), July-September, 2008, pp.144—147.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Statistics of religious and confessional affiliation of Russians: what arshin to measure //Religion and Russian diversity/Scientific.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

— M.: Keston Institute, Summer Garden, 2012 (total volume — 340 p.).


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

The revival of religious intolerance in modern Russia: complexes of xenophobia and sectorism.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

//Religion and Russian Diversity/Scientific.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

— M.: Keston Institute, Summer Garden, 2012.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. A trap for the state.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Religious policy of President Dmitry Medvedev and the Russian Orthodox Church//Religion and Russian Diversity/Scientific.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Hellin and a Jew in the church fence of the Russian Orthodox Church//Religion and Russian Diversity/Scientific.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

The tragedy of Russian Germans and Russian religiosity.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. The diversity of Protestantism: a new role in the religious and social life of Russia.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. The Christian intelligentsia of Tambov and features of the formation of democratic traditions in the region.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Metropolitan Nicholas and Archbishop George in Nizhny Novgorod: Alternatives for the Development of the Russian Orthodox Church.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Church and Power in the Tver Region: Governor Dmitry Zelenin's Guided Symphony.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Belgorod: unity of ecclesiastical and secular authorities.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Astrakhan Oblast: Politics against the Background of Religious Diversity.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Freethinking on the banks of the Amur River and the Moscow ideology of Orthodox civilization: where it is thin, it breaks there.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Krasnoyarsk Krai: traditions of Siberian religious tolerance in the service of the state.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Kuban: the originality of Cossack Orthodoxy and the church.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Russian Prussia.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Kaliningrad is a pioneer of European Christian identity.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Yaroslavl Orthodoxy: the cultural policy of the Church as an opportunity to talk to society.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Social harmony of Orthodoxy and Protestantism: Cherepovets experience.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

//Religion and Russian Diversity/Scientific.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

— M.: Keston Institute, Summer Garden, 2012.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. The Church of Mormon: The American Dream of Russian Heaven on Earth.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Mennonitism in Russia: from German roots to the Russian Church.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Reformation in Russia.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Methodism in Russia: the experience of democratic Christianity.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Female Orthodoxy: the evolution of healing towards a new religion and reverence for Putin.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

— M.: Keston Institute, Summer Garden, 2012


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. The White Brotherhood: the path from the world apocalypse to the revival of “Slavic culture”.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Theotokos Center: Charismatic Orthodoxy for the Intelligentsia.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. The Church of Vissarion: a deity with human passions.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Anastasia's movement: in search of harmony with nature.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

ed.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

and comp.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Filatov said.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Religion and European Values//“Modern Europe”, No. 3, (55), July-September 2013, pp.144-149


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Flexible integration into the EU//“Modern Europe”, No. 3, (55), July-September 2013, pp.153-156


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Changes in the religious situation in Russian regions in the mirror of field research//Sociology of Religion in Late Modern Society (collection of articles).


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Belgorod, Belgorod State University, Belgorod Publ., 2013, p. 273—295


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Non-Orthodox Christians on the Map of Russia: Faith in God in a Post-Orthodox Country//Secularism and Religious Freedom — Confrontation or Partnership.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Moscow, Center for the Study of Problems of Religion and Society Institute of Europe RAS, 2013, pp.186-208


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

in other languages


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Another parish priest under fire from the Moscow Patriarchate//Frontier, Keston Institute, 1998, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

5, p.4-5;


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Karelian officials prefer composers to catholics//Frontier, Keston Institute, 1999, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

3, p.4-5;


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Fear of the law forces Sakhalin's dissimilar protesters together//Frontier, Keston Institute, 2000, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

1, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R.//Religion, State & Society, Keston Institute, vol.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

28, 2000, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

1, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. & Prokof'yev A.//Religion, State & Society, Keston Institute, vol.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

28, 2000, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

1, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Die euphorischen neunziger Jahre//Glaube in der 2.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Welt, 2002, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

1, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R., Filatow S. Neuaufbrauch bei den russischen Baptisten//Glaube in der 2.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Welt, 2002, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

1, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Religion in Russia's Federal Regions: Pragmatism or Witch-Hunt?


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

//Frontier, Keston Institute, 2004, No. 5, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R., Filatov S.//Religion, State & Society, Keston Institute, vol.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

28, 2000, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

1, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

28, 2000, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

1, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Traditional Pentecostals in Russia//East-West Church & Ministry Report (The Global Center, Samford University), Summer 2004, Vol.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

12, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

3, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. The Russian security Service Versus Western Missionaries//East-West Church & Ministry Report (The Global Center, Samford University), fall 2004, Vol.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

12, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

4, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R.//Rassegna stampa sulla Russia, 12 gennaio 2004,


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. The Charismatic movement in Russia//East-West Church & Ministry Report (The Global Center, Samford University), winter 2005, Vol.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

13, No.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

1, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. The Kuban and ideal of a Cossack Orthodox land//Frontier, Keston Institute, 2005, № 10, p.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Russia's Native Peoples: Their Path to Christianity//Religion, State and Society, 1465-3974, Volume 28, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 123—133


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. The Rerikh Movement: A Homegrown Russian 'New Religious Movement' //Religion, State and Society, 1465-3974, Volume 28, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 135—148


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Traditions of Lay Orthodox in the Russian North//Religion, State and Society, 1465-3974, Volume 28, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 23 — 35


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Molokans and Dukhobors: Living Sources of Russian Protestantism//Religion, State and Society, 1465-3974, Volume 28, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 85 — 92


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Statistics on Religion in Russia: The Reality behind the Figures//Religion, State and Society, 1465-3974, Volume 34, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 33 — 49.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Protestants in Russia Today//Keston Newsletter, N18, 2013, p.1-14 (1.5 a.l.)


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Believing in Russia — Religious policy after Communism//International Journal for Religious Freedom (Measuring and Encountering persecution), Volume 5, issue 2, 2012, p.179-181 (0.5 a.l.)


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R.//Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Publicism


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N., Filatov S. B.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Another Holy Russia.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Spiritual experience of the revival of the Russian North.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

No. 5.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 154—168.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Nothing human is alien to Protestants//NG-Religions.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

March 22nd.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Protestantism in Russian//NG-Religions.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

October 15th.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Pentecostals in Russia.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

On the path of the “new” Christianity//Truth and Life.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

No. 7-8.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

P. 10-16.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. The fate of a Protestant in Russia//NG-Religions.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

October 30th.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Christians with charisma//NG-Religions.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

December 3rd.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Arkhangelsk Rodnik: the path to faith through the traditions and values of the Russian North.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Problems of introducing the “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture” //Religion and Law, 3 (62), 2012, pp. 18-21


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Russia in the global study of religion//Religion and Law, 1 (60), 2012, pp. 10-16


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N.//Magazine “Ogonyok”, No. 34 (5243), 27.08.2012,


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N.//Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 14.11.2012,


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N.//Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 03.07.2012,


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 16.05.2012


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N.//Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 21.03.2012,


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N.//Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 20.03.2012,


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N.//Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 25.11.2011.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Lunkin R. N. Christian response to the consumer society//Expert Magazine.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

— No. 1 (833).


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

— 2013.


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

p. 60-68


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Expertise


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Check date values in: |year=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Check date values in: |year=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Notes


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Literature


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

References


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

on Facebook


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Category:Religious scholars of Russia


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Category:Russian philosophers


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Category:MSU Faculty of History Graduates


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Category:Staff of the Institute of Europe RAS


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Category:Researchers of new religious movements


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Category:Authors of encyclopedias and dictionaries


Question: When was Roman Nikolaevich Lunkin born?

Roman Lunkin

Category:Protestant researchers


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (German: Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun; March 23, 1912 — June 16, 1977) was a German and since 1955 — American designer of rocket and space technology, one of the founders of modern rocket engineering, creator of the first ballistic missiles, member of the NSDAP since 1937, SS stormbannfuhrer ( 1943—1945).


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In the US, he is considered the “father” of the American space program.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Biography


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Werner von Braun was born in Wirsitz in the province of Posen of the then German Empire (now Wyrzysk in Poland).


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

He was the second of three sons in an aristocratic family and inherited the title “freiherr” (corresponding to the baronial one).


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

His father, Magnus von Braun (1878—1972), was Minister of Food and Agriculture in the government of the Weimar Republic.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

His mother, Emmy von Quistorp (1886—1959), had both ancestral lines dating back to royal families.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Werner had a younger brother who was also named Magnus von Braun.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

For confirmation, his mother presented the future rocket scientist with a telescope, which gave him impetus to his passion for astronomy.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

After World War I, Wirsitz was handed over to Poland, and his family, like many other German families, moved to Germany.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Von Brauns settled in Berlin, where 12-year-old Werner, inspired by Max Valle and Fritz von Opel's speed records carried out on rocket-powered cars [1], caused great confusion on a crowded street, blowing up a toy car to which he attached a lot of firecrackers.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The little inventor was taken to the police and held there until his father came to the police station to pick him up.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Von Braun was an amateur musician, received an appropriate education, and could play works by Bach and Beethoven from memory.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

He learned to play the violin and piano from an early age and initially dreamed of becoming a composer.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

He took lessons from Paul Hindemith, a famous German composer.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Several of von Braun's youthful works have been preserved, and all of them resemble those of Hindemith.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

From 1919 to 1920 he studied at Gumbinnen Friedrichschul (his father was at that time president of the Gumbinnen government).


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

From 1925, Brown attended a boarding school at Ettersburg Castle, near Weimar, where he did not have good grades in physics and mathematics.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In 1928, his parents transferred him to the Hermann Litz boarding school on the island of Spikerog in East Frisia.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Here he obtained a copy of Hermann Obert's Rocket for Interplanetary Space.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown had previously been fascinated by the idea of space flight, and now he has become purposefully engaged in physics and mathematics in order to design rockets later.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In 1930, Brown entered the Berlin Higher Technical School (now the Technical University of Berlin), where he joined the Verein für Raumschiffahrt (VfR, Space Travel Society) ), where he helped Willy Leigh in testing a liquid-propellant rocket engine together with Hermann Obert.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown then studied at Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin and at the Swiss Higher Technical School Zurich.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Although he worked for the rest of his life mainly on military rockets, space travel remained his main interest.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

One case in the early 1930s won Brown's respect.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown attended a presentation by Auguste Picar, who at the time was a pioneer in flights into the stratosphere.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

After Picard's speech, a young student approached him and said, “You know, I'm planning to go to the moon someday.”


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

It is said that Picard responded with words of support.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Von Braun was greatly influenced by Hermann Obert, about whom the German rocket scientist said:


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

“Hermann Obert was the first who, thinking about the possibility of creating spacecraft, picked up a logarithmic ruler and presented mathematically based ideas and designs... Personally, I see it as not only the guiding light of my life, but also owes it its first contacts with theoretical and practical issues of rocket engineering and space flight. In the history of science and technology, he should be given a place of honor for his revolutionary contribution to astronautics.” [2]


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In 1930, he began working on liquid-fuel rockets in Germany.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In 1932 he was admitted to the Dornberger Military Missile Science Group.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In 1932-1933, at a test site near Kummersdorf, he launched several missiles to an altitude of 2000-2500 meters.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Work on V-2 in Nazi Germany


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Werner von Braun was working on his dissertation when Hitler and the NSDAP came to power in 1933.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Rocket science almost immediately became an important issue on the agenda.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Artillery captain Walter Dornberger, who actually oversaw the development of missiles in the Reichswehr, organized the provision of a research grant to Brown from the Department of Artillery Weapons.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Since then, Brown has worked next to the existing Kummersdorf Dornberger Test Site for solid propellant missiles.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

He was awarded a doctorate in physical sciences [3] (rocket science) on July 25, 1934 from the University of Berlin for his work entitled “On Combustion Experiments”, curated by the German physicist Erich Schumann [4].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

But this was only an open part of his work, a complete dissertation, dated April 16, 1934, was called “Constructive, theoretical and experimental approaches to the problem of creating a liquid rocket fuel”.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

It was classified at the request of the army and was not published until 1960 [5].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

By the end of 1934, his group had successfully launched two rockets that reached an altitude of 2.2 and 3.5 km.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

At that time, the Germans were extremely interested in the development of American rocket physicist Robert Goddard.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Until 1939, German scientists occasionally contacted Goddard directly to discuss technical issues.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Werner von Braun used Goddard schemes published in various magazines and combined them to build the Aggregat (A) missile series.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The A-4 missile is better known as the V-2 [6].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In 1963, Brown, reflecting on the history of rocket science, said of Goddard's work: “His rockets... may have seemed very primitive by today's standards, but they left a noticeable mark on the development and already had many elements that are used in the most modern rockets and spacecraft” [1].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In 1944, shortly before the Nazis began bombing England with V-2, Goddard confirmed that von Braun had used his work.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The V-2 prototype flew to Sweden and crashed there.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Some parts of the missile were sent to the United States, to a laboratory in Annapolis, where Goddard conducted research for the US Navy.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Apparently, Goddard examined the wreckage of a rocket that, on June 13, 1944, as a result of a technical error by personnel, went on the wrong course and crashed near the Swedish town of Beckebu.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The Swedish government exchanged the wreckage of an unknown missile to the British for Spitfire fighters.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Only part of the wreckage got to Annapolis.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Goddard identified the parts of the rocket he invented and concluded that the fruit of his work had been turned into a weapon [7].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Since the VFR Space Travel Society ceased its work in 1933, there have been no rocket associations left in Germany, and the new Nazi regime banned civilian experiments on rocket engineering.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Only the military were allowed to build missiles, and a huge missile center (German: Heeresversuchsanstalt Peenemünde) was built for their needs in the village of Peenemunde in northern Germany, on the Baltic Sea.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

This place was chosen partly on the recommendation of von Braun's mother, who recalled that her father liked to hunt ducks in those places.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Dornberger became the military director of the training ground, and Brown became the technical director.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In collaboration with the Luftwaffe, the Peenemünde Center developed liquid-propellant rocket engines, as well as take-off jet accelerators for aircraft.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

They also developed a long-range ballistic missile A-4 and the Wasserfall supersonic anti-aircraft missile.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In November 1937 (according to other sources, December 1, 1932), von Braun joined the NSDAP.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

A document of the American Zone of Occupation of Germany (English: Office of Military Government, United States), dated April 23, 1947, states that von Braun entered the SS 1 Equestrian School November 1933, then, on May 1, 1937, to the National Socialist Party, and from May 1940 until the very end of the war he was an SS officer.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

After the war, explaining why he became a member of the NSDAP, Brown wrote:


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

“I was officially required to join the National Socialist Party. At that time (1937), I was already the technical director of the military missile center in Peenemünde... My refusal to join the party would mean that I had to give up the work of my life. So I decided to join. My membership in the party did not mean participating in any political activity for me... In the spring of 1940, SS Standartenfuhrer Muller came to me in Peenemührer and told me that SS Reichsfuhrer Heinrich Himmler sent him in with orders to convince me to join the SS. I immediately called my military chief... Major General V. Dornberger. He told me that... if I wanted to continue our work together, I had no choice but to agree.” [8]


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown's statement is disputed by some biographers, because in 1940, the Waffen-SS did not yet show any interest in the work carried out in Peenemünde [9].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

It is also disputed that people with the position of von Braun were pushed to join the NSDAP and the SS [10].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Commenting on his photo of him posing in an SS uniform behind Himmler [11], Brown said that he wore the uniform only for that occasion.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

However, in 2002, Ernst Kütbach, a former SS officer in Peenemünde, told the BBC that von Braun regularly appeared at official events in SS uniform [12].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Initially, von Braun received the rank of Untersturmfuhrer, later Himmler promoted him three times, most recently in June 1943 to SS Stormbannfuhrer.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown stated that this was an automatic promotion, which he received every year by mail [9].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

On December 22, 1942, Adolf Hitler signed an order for the production of A-4 missiles as “retaliation weapons”, setting London as a target for developers.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

After Brown showed a color film showing the takeoff of A-4 on July 7, 1943, Hitler was delighted and soon personally awarded him the title of professor [13].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

For Germany and for that time, this was a completely exceptional award for an engineer who was only 31 years old.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Since 1937, Brown has been technical director of the German Rocket Research Center in Peenemünde (German: Heeresversuchsanstalt Peenemünde) and chief designer of the A-4 (V-2) missile used in World War II to shell the cities of France, Great Britain, Holland and Belgium.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In the same 1937, he joined the National Socialist Party.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

As part of the project to create a “weapon of retaliation”, the V-2 ballistic missile, which reached London in 6 minutes, became subordinate to the SS department.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

He was promoted to SS Sturmbannfuhrer in June 1943.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

By that time, British and Soviet intelligence agencies were aware of the missile program and development team in Peenemünde.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

On the night of August 17-18, 1943, British bomber aircraft conducted Operation Hydra.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

596 aircraft headed for Peenemünde and dropped 1,800 tons of bombs on the missile center.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Nevertheless, both the center itself and the main development team have survived.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

But during the raid, engine designer Walter Thiel and chief engineer Walter (Walther) were killed, which delayed the course of the German missile program [14] [15].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The first combat A-4, renamed V-2 (Vergeltungswaffe 2 - “Vengeance Weapon 2”) for propaganda purposes, was released in the UK on September 7, 1944, just 21 months after the project has been officially adopted.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

According to B.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

E.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Chertok, V. Brown contributed to the defeat of Germany in World War II.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Experiments with jets


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In 1936, von Braun's missile team at the Kummersdorf test site explored the possibility of installing a liquid jet engine on an aircraft.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Ernst Heinkel strongly supported this work and provided first the Heinkel He 72 and later two He 112 fighters for experiments.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

At the end of 1936, the Reich Ministry of Aviation sent test pilot Erich Warsitz to help Werner von Braun and Ernst Heinkel.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Firstly, Varsitz was one of the most experienced test pilots at that time, and secondly, because he had a unique amount of technical knowledge [16].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

After Brown introduced Varzitz to the operation of the engine on a test bench on the ground, showed a similar engine installed on the aircraft, he asked:


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

“Will you work with us and test the jet engine in the air? Then, Varsitz, you'll be famous. And later we'll fly to the moon — with you at the helm!” [17]


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In June 1937, one of the He 112 set off for experimental flight in Neuhardenberg (a large field 70 km east of Berlin, reserved as an alternate airfield in case of war).


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The takeoff took place on a piston engine, Erich Warsitz turned off the engine in the air and continued to fly on a von Braun rocket engine.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Despite the fact that the plane landed “on its belly” and the fuselage caught fire, it was officially proved that the aircraft can fly satisfactorily with a pushing propulsion located at the rear [18].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

At the same time, Helmut Walter's experiments with hydrogen peroxide missiles led to the creation of light and simple Walter jet engines, which are also convenient for installation on an aircraft.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Helmut Walter's firm in Kiel was also commissioned by the Reich Ministry of Aviation to create a rocket engine for the He 112.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

And in Neuhardenberg, two different rocket engines were tested: the von Braun engine on ethyl alcohol and liquid oxygen and the Walter engine on hydrogen peroxide and calcium permanganate as catalyst.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In the von Braun engine, the jet jet was created as a result of direct combustion of fuel, and the Walter engine used a chemical reaction that produced hot steam.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Both engines created traction and provided high speed [19].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Subsequent flights on the He 112 took place on Walter's engine.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

It was more reliable, easier to operate and posed less danger to both the pilot and the aircraft [20].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Use of slave labor


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

SS General Hans Kammler, who was involved as an engineer in the design of several concentration camps, including Auschwitz, was known for his brutality.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

He suggested using forced labor from concentration camp prisoners to build rockets.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In April 1943, Arthur Rudolph, chief engineer at the V-2 plant in Peenemünde, supported this idea.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

At that time, there was already a shortage of labor.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Subsequently, it turned out that more people died during the construction of V-2 missiles than died from the use of this missile as a weapon [21].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Von Braun admitted that he had visited the secret underground plant Mittelwerk many times and called the working conditions at the plant “disgusting”, but claimed that he had never witnessed any deaths or beatings, although he should have known such deaths by 1944 [22].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown claimed that he himself did not visit the Dora Mittelbau concentration camp, where 20,000 people died of illness, beatings, excessive working conditions, or were hanged [23].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

On August 15, 1944, Brown wrote a letter to Albin Sawatzki, who was in charge of production V-2, in which he agreed to personally select workers from the Buchenwald concentration camp, who he allegedly admitted in an interview 25 years later, were in a “terrible state”.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In Wernher von Braun: Crusader for Space (English: Wernher von Braun: Crusader for Space), Brown repeatedly states that he was aware of the conditions of workers, but felt absolutely unable to change them.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

His friend quotes von Braun from his visit to Mittelwerk:


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

It was creepy.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

My first impulse was to talk to one of the SS guards, to which I heard a sharp answer that I should do my job or I risk wearing the same striped prison uniform!


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

... I realized that any attempt to invoke the principles of humanity would be completely useless.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

When asked by Brown's team member Conrad Dannenberg in an interview with The Huntsville Times if von Braun could protest against the terrible conditions of detention of forced laborers, he replied: “If only he did it, then I think he could have been shot on the spot” [24].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Others accused von Braun of participating in inhuman treatment or allowing such treatment.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Guy Morand, a French Resistance member who was a prisoner in the Dora concentration camp, testified in 1995 that after a clear attempt at sabotage:


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Without even hearing my explanation, (von Braun) ordered Meister to give me 25 strokes... Then, thinking that the blows were not strong enough, he ordered me to be flogged more violently... von Braun ordered me to translate that I deserve the worst, that I actually deserve to be hanged... I believe that his cruelty, to which I personally fell victim, was an eloquent testimony to his Nazi fanaticism.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Another French prisoner, Robert Cazabonne, claimed to have witnessed von Braun standing and watching prisoners hang on lift chains [25].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown himself stated that he “had never seen any abuse or murder” and only “rumors were heard... that some of the prisoners were hanged in underground galleries” [26].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Arrest and release under the Nazis


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

According to the French historian Andre Sellier, who passed through the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, Himmler received von Braun at his headquarters Gochwald in East Prussia in February 1944.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

To strengthen his position in the hierarchy of Nazi power, Heinrich Himmler plotted to use Kammler to take control of all German weapons programs, including V-2 development in Peenemünde [27].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Therefore, Himmler advised Brown to work more closely with Kammler in solving V-2 problems.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

However, according to von Braun himself, he replied that the problems with the V-2 are purely technical and he is sure that he will solve them with the help of Dornberger.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Apparently, von Braun has been under the supervision of the SD since October 1943.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

One day, a report was received that he and his colleagues Klaus Riedel and Helmut Grettrup expressed regret at the engineer's house in the evening that they were not working on the spacecraft and they all believed that The war is not going well.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

This was regarded as “defeatist sentiment”.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

These statements were reported by a young female dentist, who was also an SS agent [27].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Along with Himmler's false accusations of von Braun's sympathy for the Communists and his alleged attempts to sabotage the V-2 program, and taking into account that Brown had a pilot diploma and regularly flew a state-provided plane and thus could escape to England — all this was the reason for the arrest of von Braun by the Gestapo [27].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown, who did not expect anything bad, was arrested on March 14 or 15, 1944, [28] and thrown into the Gestapo prison in Stettin [27].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

He spent two weeks there without knowing what he was being charged with.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

It was only with the help of the Abwehr in Berlin that Dornberger managed to achieve the conditional release of von Braun, and Albert Speer, Reich Minister of Arms and Military Industry, convinced Hitler to restore Brown in positions so that the V-2 program can continue [27].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Speer, quoting in his memoirs “Führerprotokoll” (minutes of Hitler's meetings) of May 13, 1944, writes that Hitler said at the end of the conversation: “As for B., I guarantee you that he will released from prosecution as long as you need it, despite the general difficulties that may follow.”


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Surrender to Americans


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In the spring of 1945, the Red Army was already 160 km from Peenemunde, when von Braun gathered his development team and asked them to decide how and to whom they should all surrender.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Fearing repression by the Red Army against prisoners, von Braun and his staff decided to try to surrender to the Americans.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Kammler ordered von Braun's team to move to central Germany.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

At the same time, an order contrary to this order was received by the army command to join the army units and fight.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Reasoning that Kammler's order increased the chances of surrender to the Americans, von Braun forged documents and sent 500 members of his team to the Mittelwerk area, where they continued their work.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Fearing that his drawings and documentation would be destroyed by the SS, von Braun ordered the copies to be hidden in an abandoned mine shaft in the Harz mountain range [29].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In March, while on a business trip, Brown broke his left arm and shoulder because his driver fell asleep while driving.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The fracture was complicated, but Brown insisted that he be given a cast so that he could no longer stay in the hospital.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The designer underestimated the injury, the bone began to fuse incorrectly, and a month later he had to go back to the hospital, where his arm was broken again and the bandage was re-applied [29].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

In April, Allied troops penetrated quite deep into Germany.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Kammler ordered the scientific team to take a train to Oberammergau in the Bavarian Alps.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Here they were under the careful protection of the SS, which was ordered to eliminate all rocketers if they threatened to hit the enemy.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

However, von Braun managed to convince SS Major Kummer to disperse the group to nearby villages so as not to become an easy target for American bombers [29].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

On May 2, 1945, after noticing an American soldier from the 44th Infantry Division, Werner's brother and part-time colleague rocket engineer Magnus caught up with him on a bicycle and said to him in broken English:” My name is Magnus von Braun. My brother invented V-2. We want to give up” [30] [31].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

After being captured, Brown told the press:


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

“We know that we have created a new means of warfare and now the moral choice — which nation, which victorious people we want to entrust our brainchild to — is more acute than ever before. We want the world not to be involved in a conflict like the one Germany has just gone through. We believe that it is only by handing over such weapons to people who are guided by the Bible that we can be sure that the world is best protected.”


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The highest officials of the US command knew very well how valuable the prey fell into their hands: von Braun's name topped the Black List, the code name for the list of German scientists and engineers from among those whom US military experts would like to question as soon as possible.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

On July 19, 1945, two days before the planned transfer of the territory to the Soviet occupation zone, US Army Major Robert B.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Stever, Chief of the Jet Propulsion Department of the Research and Intelligence Service of the US Army Artillery Corps in London and Lieutenant Colonel R. L. Williams put von Braun and his department heads in a jeep and took him from Garmisch to Munich.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The group was then transported by air to Nordhausen, and the next day to the town of Witzenhausen, 60 km south-west, to the town of Witzenhausen, which was in the American zone of occupation [33].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Von Braun briefly stayed at the Dustbin interrogation center (English: Dustbin, “Garbage Can”), where representatives of the Third Reich's elite in the field of economics, science and technology were interrogated by English and American intelligence agencies [34].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

He was originally recruited to work in the United States under the English: Operation Overcast program, which later became known as Operation Paperclip.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Career in the US


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

U.S. Army


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

On June 20, 1945, the US Secretary of State approved the move of von Braun and his staff to America, but this was not publicly announced until October 1, 1945 [35].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown is one of those scientists for whom the United States Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) created fictitious biographies and removed references to membership in The NSDAP and about ties with the Nazi regime from public records.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

By “laundering” them from Nazism, the US government thus gave scientists security guarantees for working in the United States.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The name of Operation Paperclip (English: Paperclip) comes from the paper clips that attached new biographies of scientists to their personal files of “US state scientists.”


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The first seven specialists arrived in the United States at the military airfield in Newcastle, Delaware, on September 20, 1945.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

They then flew to Boston and were taken by boat to the US Army Intelligence Base at Fort Strong in Boston Harbor.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Then everyone except Brown arrived at the Aberdeen Test Site in Maryland to dismantle the documents taken at Peenemunde.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

These documents were supposed to allow scientists to continue their experiments with missiles.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Eventually, Von Braun and the rest of his Peenemunde team arrived at their new home in Texas, at a large US army base north of El Paso.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Von Braun later wrote that it was difficult for him to arouse “sincere emotional attachment” to his new environment [36].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Its chief design engineer Walter Riedel was the hero of an article published in December 1946, “A German scientist claims that American food is tasteless, and chicken looks like rubber.”


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The material revealed the presence of von Braun's team in the United States, which was the reason for criticism from Albert Einstein and John Dingell [36].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Requests from the Germans to somehow improve living conditions, for example, to lay linoleum on a cracked wooden floor, were rejected [36].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Von Braun noted: “... we were pampered in Peenemünde, and here we counted every penny...” [36]


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

When he was 26, von Braun supervised thousands of engineers, and now he was subordinate to the “pimple” 26-year-old Major Jim Hamill, who had only an incomplete engineering education [36].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

His German subordinates addressed him “Herr Professor”, and Hemill addressed him “Werner” and never bothered if Brown asked for additional materials, but any proposal for new ideas about missiles, was rejected [36].


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Post-war


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

On May 3, 1945, Werner von Braun surrendered to the advancing US army along with documentation and some specialists from the German missile group, which did not prevent Soviet engineers from restoring a large part of the blueprints for the remaining parts, although the rockets themselves were blown up.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Rocket engines from Peenemunde became the prototype of Soviet engines for R-1, R-2, R-5 missiles.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

From September 1945, he was in the United States, headed the Army Weapons Design and Development Service in Fort Bliss, Texas.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

From 1950, he worked at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

He became an American citizen on September 11, 1955.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The Americans have limited it to developing only short-range missiles.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Brown's rival, the US Navy, received the contract for the satellite.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Since 1956, he has been the head of the program for the development of the Redstone intercontinental ballistic missile (as well as missiles based on it - “Jupiter-S” and “Juno”) and the satellite of the “Explorer” series.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

After the launch of Soviet satellites, he was allowed to launch his Juno.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

But only after a test launch of the Navy missile, which was able to rise only one meter.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Thus, von Braun's satellite was launched one year late.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Since 1960, he has been a member of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Director of the NASA Space Flight Center.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Head of development of Saturn launch vehicles and Apollo spacecraft.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Despite the attention to space flight that the US authorities began to pay after the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite by the USSR in 1957, the first person in space in 1961 was again not An American.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

The flight of Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was the reason for John F. Kennedy to deliver a keynote speech in which he said that for the prestige of the nation, it is necessary to ensure the landing of an American astronaut on the moon before 1970 of the year.


Question: Why did Werner Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun move to the US?

Werner von Braun

Werner von Braun became the head of the US lunar program.