Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The gameplay includes the economy, politics, military operations, trade, exploration of new territories and new technologies, and competitors are other civilizations.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The game is characterized by the presence of a tile and generated map, cities with buildings, combat units, diplomacy, and a technology tree.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization was developed for the DOS platform and was later ported to Windows, Macintosh, Amiga, Atari ST, PlayStation and Super Nintendo.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In 2002, Eagle Games released Civilization as a board game.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In 2005, Atari released a version for the N-Gage smartphone.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization had a great impact on the development of strategic computer games, popularized and formed the genres of 4X, turn-based strategy with simulation of politics and economics, and dozens fell under its influence 1990s games Civilization is the first computer game to feature a technology tree, and it is also the first to be able to cover processes on a global scale and the history of human development as a civilization.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The setting


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization covers the period from 4,000 BC.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

to the present day — the player takes control of one of the civilizations at an important period in its history — when a group of colonists is able to establish their first city and begin to develop as civilization.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In the future, the player makes key decisions through many generations of its development, when new technologies are studied, the available space is explored and populated, the resources found are mastered and competition with other civilizations.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The goal is not only to build an empire that must stand the test of time, but also to win the space race, as a result of which the colonists must fly in space ship to Alpha Centauri system [1] [2].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At the same time, at the beginning of the game, several civilizations start on equal terms, but at different points in the procedurally generated map of the planet (at the player's choice, from 3 to 7 [3]).


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

There are a total of 14 famous civilizations (Greeks, French, Mongols, Russians and others [4]), from which those that will be present in the game are randomly selected, and one of them is chosen by the player [3] .


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Each of the civilizations is led by its great leader — Alexander the Great, Napoleon, Genghis Khan, Stalin, respectively, and others [4].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

During diplomatic relations, the player communicates with them one-on-one in the appropriate context [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The game features 67 historical technologies (from pottery to thermonuclear fusion) that civilization can master, and their discovery is determined according to a fixed technological tree, when, for example, navigation can be opened only after mastering cartography and astronomy [6].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Depending on the situation and development, combat units (legions, musketeers, aircraft,...), social order (despotism, republic,...) and other elements of the game correspond to the setting [7].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Gameplay


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The game takes place in god mode, in which the player looks through the map, gives orders for the development of cities, controls units, etc.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The gameplay is a turn-based strategy in which at the beginning of the turn the player gives orders and moves units, then other civilizations do the same, after which a simulation is performed ( population change, construction, etc.) and then a new move begins [8].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In terms of time at the beginning, the course takes 20 years and subsequently this period gradually decreases to the present day to 1 year.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Each of the civilizations consists of cities, units and such macro parameters as gold reserves, a set of open technologies, etc.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

A player wins if he defeats all civilizations on the planet by military means, or if he wins a space race, his ship is the first to reach Alpha Centauri.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At the end of the game, the number of points earned is formed, depending on the size and contentment of the population, the wonders of the world built, the number of colonists delivered on the spacecraft, and other factors [9].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Cities


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization has several cities at its disposal that form its production facilities: units are built in them, food is grown, trade is carried out and money is earned, developed science, etc. The city occupies one cell on the map and has a level of development expressed in natural number, which determines the number of citizens in the game.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Each of the citizens either processes one of the cells in the vicinity of the city, or is a specialist (in science, tax collection or entertainment of residents).


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The player can change these states and specify the set of cells to process.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Together with the effect of buildings and other factors, this forms the city's return on science, revenues to the treasury and production.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The latter shows how quickly a city can build buildings or new units [10] [11].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The buildings built in the city improve its characteristics: the barn saves from hunger, the factory increases production, the walls increase the protection of the defenders, etc.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

You can build wonders of the world in cities: only one of them can be built in the game, and after that, the wonder of the world gives the corresponding bonus to the entire civilization (for example, the presence of the Lighthouse of Alexandria gives +1 move to all ships before anyone invents magnetism) [12].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The “colonist” unit can establish new cities and equip the cells of the game world: build roads, irrigate, clean up pollution, etc.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Thus, the player can transform neighboring cells of the city and thereby determine its capabilities and resources.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The “caravan” unit allows you to create trade routes and increase the “units of trade” of cities between which a trade route is laid [13] [11].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Simulation


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Game mechanics are based on simulating several simple systems that are transparent to the player, such as economic, diplomatic, military, scientific, etc. At the same time, the player controls them in conditions of limited resources that can be directed through various game mechanics to build buildings in cities, research new technologies, improve welfare of the population, etc.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

[14] [11].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Economically, each city, depending on its condition (see above), produces a number of “units of trade”, and it, according to the tax levels set by the player, is distributed between luxury ( increasing the satisfaction of the population), science and the treasury.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

All three values can be increased by buildings in the city, and then the amount from all cities forms a contribution to science and income to the treasury on this turn.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The treasury has its own expenses (for example, for the maintenance of buildings in cities), and at the end of the calculation, it can either be emptied or replenished.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

If there is a certain amount in the treasury, the player can dispose of it — speed up construction in the city, use it diplomatically, etc.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Each city has a level of citizen satisfaction, determined by the population of the city, the number of employees, the presence of buildings that affect the mood, etc. Low satisfaction can lead to a riot and shutdown of production in the city, and high satisfaction accelerates population growth [15] [11].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The scientific level of development is a set of technologies that civilization possesses.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

New technologies can be obtained after the contribution of a certain number of resources to science, provided access to the technology tree, when exchanging technology with another civilization, through espionage and others ways.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

With the acquisition of technology, the game mechanics change — more advanced units and new types of buildings can be built, it becomes possible to change the state system, etc. [16] [11].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Initially, diplomatically, civilizations do not have contact with each other and cannot interact.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

After the first meeting, civilizations are always at war or at peace with each other.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

During war, hostilities are possible, and during peace, civilizations can exchange technologies, demand money for preserving peace, etc.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

For diplomatic relations, there is a “diplomat” unit, with the help of which you can open an embassy, sabotage production, etc.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

[17] [11].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The combat system is built on units, each of which has three parameters (non-negative integers) — attack, defense, and the number of movements per turn.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

If one unit attacks another, one of them dies after the battle, and the probability of winning is calculated based on the attacker's attack and defense parameters, as well as additional factors — For example, additional terrain defense or defense in a walled city increases the chances of the attacker winning.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The third parameter determines the number of cells to move around the map in one turn, but at the same time it is faster on the road, rather than on the plain, it is slower.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

There are other elements in the combat system - control zones, taking on board a land unit at sea with subsequent landing, etc.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Random events can occur in the game: disasters and civil wars.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Catastrophes (mass famine, earthquakes, fires, etc.) are characterized by the fact that they have a certain impact on only one city, have their own conditions of occurrence and can be prevented by the player .


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

For example, flooding occurs only for cities that border a river, and a disaster reduces the population by one and is prevented if walls are built around the city.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

If there is a civil war, it divides civilization into two parts, and thus the number of civilizations in the game increases by one [19].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilopedia


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilopedia (English: Civilopedia) is an interactive and illustrated encyclopedia located inside the game itself.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

As a reference guide, it has become a mandatory element in all subsequent versions of the Civilization series.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilopedia contains comprehensive information about all the elements, stages of the gameplay and the player's capabilities.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Along with the performance of the functional task of the traditional leadership, it contained recommendations for adjusting the civilizational course of development through a combinatorial search of scientific knowledge.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Thanks to the exemplary simplicity of the interface and the richness of the visual range, a poorly trained player was able to plan the progress of scientific knowledge.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Subsequently, the principle of Civilopedia as a structure-forming knowledge base for the game began to be used in other games, for example, NLOpedia in X-COM: UFO Defense [20], Datalinks in Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri [21]


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Creating a game


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Concept formation


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Describing the period when Civilization was born, the developers note that they had just finished Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon and were in a state of search for ideas.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Both game designers liked the story as a topic, and it was noticed, as it had many similar processes to those found in Railroad Tycoon.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The main idea came up with Sid Meyer during a train trip to New York, and was like “packing human history into one game” while making it diverse so that it was not the same scenario [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Meyer reports that SimCity, Populous and Empire had the greatest impact on the creation of Civilization [22] [23].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to Bruce Shelley, they played a board game during development, and, together with Empire, SimCity and Railroad Tycoon experience, he defines it as the four main components that influenced the creation of Civilization.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In addition to those mentioned, another source of ideas is the Risk board game [3].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

When Sid Meyer showed Bruce Shelley the Civilization prototype, the first question was, “What would you change 10 things in Empire to get a new game?” , to which Bruce responded with 12 changes, and this was the beginning of his workflow creating the game [5] [24].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilizaton board game was released in the UK in 1980 and was published in the United States by Avalon Hill.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to Sid Meyer, he did not see the board game before starting work on Civilization, but was later introduced to it by Bruce Shelley, who previously worked at Avalon Hill [24].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Sid Meyer reports that he played Civilization board game and was familiar with its concept, but it had little impact [14].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Despite the similar concept and general idea, the game mechanics of a computer and board game are different.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to Sid Meyer, board Civilization had a number of limitations that are inherent in board games.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At the same time, it contained good ideas, but it had completely different game mechanics — discovering new areas, the simultaneous existence of several subsystems, and other elements are very difficult to implementations for board games [14].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In addition, Sid Meyer notes that the board game did not cover such a period of time (only the Ancient World) and was limited to a separate fixed region of the Earth (the Mediterranean) [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Initially, the game was not supposed to be called Civilization, as there was already a board game with this name.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The creators tried to come up with something alternative — Call to Power, Rise of Nations, Age of Empires — but came to the conclusion that the most appropriate name is Civilization [5], and this is the name by the developer liked it [14].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Sid Meyer considers this aspect as one of the important in the subsequent popularity of the game, as this name (as in previous games by Sid Meyer, such as Pirates! and Railroad Tycoon) immediately creates a picture that tells you what the game is about [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

To eliminate possible legal risks with copyright, MicroProse acquired the rights to release the project of the same name from Avalon Hill [23] [25].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The boxes of the early versions of the game even included a leaflet with information on purchasing the desktop version.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

It was only in 2002 that Civilization: The Boardgame was released, based on a computer game [26].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization's game mechanics are largely based on Sid Meyer's previous experience, and were also formed as a result of the influence of other games.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Thus, the creation of simple simulation systems that the player understands and the competition between them was based on the experience of Railroad Tycoon, which, in turn, was developed under the influence of the god mode Populous and SimCity simulations.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Empire took ideas for exploring new and unknown areas and procedural generation of the game world.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The lack of detail in battles and the principles of wargame are formed based on the Covert Action rule and experience in developing board games [27].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Sid Meier's Covert Action influenced the creation of a variety of possible historical scenarios [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At the same time, there were significant differences and the development of new game mechanics.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

For example, cities in Empire had concepts of supplies, farms, and the like, while Civilization focused more on elements of civilization when the player had to invest in cities [27].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Gameplay design


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

To cover the entire history of mankind is a difficult task for a game designer, and to solve it, the developers have chosen the option when the player controls something small and simple: finding a place to base cities and then moves on to something else, getting the opportunity to build units, explore, discover new unknown territories, and more.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At the same time, human history sounded “frightening” in scale, and to avoid this, developers added elements with humor.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization was added to Civilpedia, which made the game deeper, more important and social [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Bruce Shelley calls the first solution the “inverted pyramid decision making” (English: inverted pyramid decision making), when the player has a small number of decisions at the beginning, but they determine where he will go next, in the game has more cities and units, and when you move up the inverted pyramid, the number of decisions made increases.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At the same time, it was necessary to combine with the principle of fifteen minutes, when the player had to be lured during this time to make him like the game.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

And to continue to support the player's motivation, Civilization added events that established positive feedback and said that the player was performing his role well (for example, message about the celebration of “King's Day” if the population has a high level of approval) [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization was originally supposed to be a real-time game, and this was one of the first prototypes during development, and one of its features was that the territory of civilization was divided into zones, and work units collected resources in real time.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

However, Meyer felt that it would eventually become too similar to the real-time strategy of those years, so he moved on to an option in which each step takes some allotted time, after which automatically completes.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

This option was discarded after general rejection among developers.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Thus, Civilization has become completely step-by-step [28] [3].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At GDC 2010, Sid reported [29] that one of the reasons for the transition from real time to turn-based strategy was that in the first case, the player turned into an observer.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Sociologically, this harmed the gameplay, as in the step-by-step version, the player feels better like a king, on whom all decisions depend.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

An additional factor is that turn-based play allows the player to think about the move as much as necessary, as well as the fact that it allows you to better think ahead and plan a strategy, which together increased playability [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

While working on the game, a version with the Civilization hexagonal map was developed in parallel, but it was decided to abandon it because “the world was not ready [for such a map] yet... it would be too bizarre” [27].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

One of the potential problems of the game being created was the possibility of overloading the player with historical facts, and it was solved in various ways.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

One of them, the developers correlate the introduction of the concept of a “great leader”, which personifies a particular civilization.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Game designers came up with this idea while working with materials in the children's library, and this approach allowed the player to feel more comfortable: learn what he knows in the game, communicate with others civilizations as one on one; the player also understood that he was taking on a similar role, and this automatically formed a feeling of being in the game [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Initially, Civilization introduced a much higher level of randomness of events.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In particular, technologies were discovered by chance, as mystical and incomprehensible events for a civilization that discovered something new.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Accidental natural disasters were also introduced that disrupted the development of civilization.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

However, observations of players during testing showed that people prefer to control the gameplay (choose technology to study), and the possibility of accidental disasters caused paranoia among the players.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

As a result, changes have been made to the game accordingly [29].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

When designing diplomacy, work was carried out to simplify it, as this aspect was considered difficult for the player.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The simplification was carried out to a level where the player could formulate what was happening within the board game board and at the same time control the situation and make clear decisions.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

This led to the fact that the decisions were binary (for example, peace or war) and were made in such a way that the player understood the reasons for certain events [27].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The idea of the technology tree came to Sid Meyer when he looked at a historical book in which events were lined up, which gives rise to the idea that one event depends on another, and this fits very well into the concept that everything starts from small and gradually develops, and allows you to first operate with simple things, and then more complex and interesting ones.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Bruce Shelley notes that they were familiar with the fact that there are a number of events in history that fundamentally changed weapons and tactics of use in a short period of time, and this played a role in concept formation [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

When designing the gameplay, the ancient era was first chosen, and according to Sid Meyer, they could have stayed in it.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

But as the work progressed, civilizations of different eras were studied, and appropriate game mechanics were built on their examples.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

For example, the Roman Empire became the prototype of the civilization of the Ancient World, and when searching for game mechanics, world wars and weapons and tactics used at that time were analyzed, from where combat units and how to use them [27].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The idea of the wonders of the world was born during Sid Meyer's acquaintance with historical literature and projecting it onto possible game mechanics.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

For example, the very fact of building a wonder of the world means that it is unique (two identical wonders of the world cannot be built, and the first one who builds gains an advantage).


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At first, there were seven ancient wonders of the world, and then this idea was continued for other eras [27].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At the same time, the wonders of the world were well known to players in the real world, and thus formed a connection between players and history and other cultures [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

To improve the fun, game designers widely applied the rule of a series of interesting solutions.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The gameplay for the user was seen as a stream of events during which it was necessary to make decisions that were not too complicated and not too simple, but understandable.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Difficult ones put the player in a stupor and slow down the gameplay, simple ones are obvious and uninteresting, and at the same time, decisions depend on the situation.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

For example, a player may see three technologies to discover in the future, one of which provides a combat unit and the other allows for better exploration.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

If a player wants to win the war with a neighboring civilization, he chooses the former, if he is interested in exploring at this stage, then the second.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In addition, for fun, a stream of simultaneously expected events was created - scientists are discovering technology, the city is building a combat unit, on an unknown continent, the expedition opens up new areas and different.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

As a result, there was never a stop, and usually the player expected two or three events, which created the phenomenon of “you can never stop playing the game” [14].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

One of the ideas during development was the concept of “rise and fall” (English: Rise and Fall).


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization had great risks during its development, because of which it could die (barbarians, other civilizations, catastrophes, etc.).


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Later, after death, civilization was revived after a while.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

However, after implementing this concept, it turned out that players do not like to die.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Instead of reviving, they took a recent shipment and overplayed.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In this regard, it was decided that from the point of view of playability, it is better to make the player constantly grow and develop [29].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

But at the same time, the game still has echoes of this concept.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

For example, after losing, you can see the inscription “Lenin will return again!” , and during a single-player game, in case of death, civilization is given a chance to revive.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The combat system in Civilization was taken from wargames, and Sid Meyer calls the introduction of control zones the worst design decision, which was based on the game designer's vision of the game when the war takes place on the borders with the control of territories (as in World War II).


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

But the players behaved differently — battles took place locally for cities in large groups of units in the same cell.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

On the one hand, this simplified the war and allowed the player to do other things more, but at that time, the developers did not figure out how to solve the problem.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At the same time, each unit was described by three simple parameters (attack, defense, speed), and this allowed the player to quickly understand how individual units work and focus strategically on them interaction and more widespread use [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Development


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

During development, Sid and Bruce worked closely together: every day Sid would program and almost every afternoon bring Bruce floppy disks with a new version saying, “Play this and we'll we'll talk tomorrow.”


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Bruce worked on his tasks and tested what he had brought for an hour the next morning, and then at 10 o'clock in the morning they discussed the results.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Thus, the iterations continued, which made up the daily workflow [24].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to Bruce Shelley, Sid Meyer was constantly working with many different game prototypes, and during the period when a possible game about the entire history of mankind was discussed, in May 1990, Bruce Shelley suddenly found a floppy disk with the first Civilization prototype in my office [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Both game elements and prototypes of simple games were tested for the potential for inclusion in Civilization, and colleagues further discussed this regarding game design.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Bruce Shelley was the first game designer and tester for Sid Meyer, as the latter did not like the noise of a lot of opinions; close work also allowed Bruce Shelley to present the game and replace if required by Sid Meyer.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to Bruce Shelley, it was difficult to single out how certain things appeared, but, for example, the ideas for building a palace and a spacecraft were voiced by him in discussions, and after a couple of weeks they appeared in-game [24].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Regarding management, the game was developed in difficult conditions: the president of the company had more weight, accelerated the development of flight simulators and did not care about what happened to the strategic games.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The start of Civilization work was interrupted after two months and the employees involved switched to Sid Meier's Covert Action.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The successful completion of the project gave the green light to Civilization, but, nevertheless, the allocation of resources and deadlines were kept on the authority of Sid Meyer, and the game was set with tight development deadlines.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization was released a month later than originally planned, while the developers did not have time to test and implement many of the planned things, and the creators of the game were late in the project lost a number of bonuses.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to Bruce Shelley, the game was actually made by three people in 11 months, and it was a part-time job [24].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Sid Meyer notes that at the beginning of the project, only two people worked on the game (Bruce and Sid), and at the end there were ten people on the project [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Bruce Shelley once calculated based on salaries and time on the project to estimate how much the development of Railroad Tycoon cost, and it turned out to be 167,000 US dollars.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to Sid Meyer's comment, Civilization took about the same amount [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The first version of Civilization was developed for the DOS platform in the late 1980s, when systems began to move from a 16-color EGA to a more advanced 256-color VGA.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The desire to support the outdated format and thus reach a wider audience of players became the main limitation in the number of civilizations available: EGA allowed to display no more than 16 colors and therefore, only 14 civilizations were available in the game (15th color is reserved for barbarians) [30]


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Game Exit


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

By the release of the next game in the series, Civilization II, in 1996, Civilization had sold more than 850,000 copies.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

After release


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

CIVnet


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In the original Civilization, only one game mode was available — single-player, against several computer opponents, it was not possible to play the game in hot-seat mode.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

This was due to the fact that the Internet was not so popular at the time of the game's release in 1991.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

There are at least two custom modifications that allow implementing the hot-seat mode [32] [33] [3].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

For the next few years, with the growing popularity of the Internet, MicroProse developed a multi-user version released in 1995 under the name Sid Meier's CivNet.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

CIVnet made it possible to create a multiplayer game for up to 8 players who could connect via modem, LAN, serial port.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In multiplayer, all players went at the same time.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

After each player confirmed the end of their turn (or by timeout), the move was considered complete.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The hot-seat mode has also become available.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The package also included an SDK that allowed you to create and edit world maps and new nations [34].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to the game designer who led the development of Civilization II at the time, MicroProse considered CIVNet a higher priority product than the second part of the series.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Thanks to this, Reynolds and Jeff Briggs were able to bring several new ideas to the gameplay of the game in development [35].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

As a result, MicroProse's predictions did not come true — against the background of Civilization II, released next year, CivNet could not gain popularity among players.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Retrospective gameplay


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

One of the unresolved problems of the combat system was the fact that more modern units could lose to older ones, for example, a spearman was somewhat likely to defeat a battleship.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Some players complained that this was impossible in reality.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

On the one hand, this is mathematically correct, and as Bruce Shelley says, “in chess, a pawn can also knock down a queen under certain conditions, because these are the rules of the game.”


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

But at the same time, this problem was already solved in subsequent parts of Civilization, where, for example, the health points parameter for each unit was introduced and the chances of winning became more similar to real [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

One of the main miscalculations, the developers call the lack of support for modifications, as players had a large number of requests to create their own scenarios, and the period between releases of parts the series is 5-6 years old, and without modifications, interest in the game fades away [5].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Russified versions


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In 1993, two unrelated unofficial Russifications appeared, which later enjoyed popularity on the territory of the former USSR [36].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The first translation was made in early 1993 by Vladimir Pisarenko and Vasily Misovets from Biysk (judging by the screensaver when launching the game).


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The second, more popular translation was “localized” — for example, the Manhattan Project was renamed the Kurchatov Project, the Apollo Program was renamed the East Program, the Zulu were called Blacks, and their leader Shaka is Lumumba.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The technology part of Civilopedia in this version was translated by the STYLUS machine translation program, which made it difficult to read.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In the version of Pisarenko and Misovets, Latin letters with redrawn fonts were used for the Russian text, and the second version used Russian text in DOS encoding.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The original Civilization had only single-player mode, and they went to tricks for several players to play.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

For example, if a civilization started with two units of colonists, then the players divided them and everything that was built and appeared from them, and so the game went on at the same computer.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Subsequently, Russian amateurs Timofeev and Popov wrote a modification that allows you to play Civilization for different nations in hot seat mode [3].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Grades and rewards


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Reception


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

ACE welcomed the game enthusiastically, noting the phenomenal level of gameplay depth, which at the same time turned out to be achievable and quite simple.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The journalist said that the game can be difficult to start, but as the player develops, it becomes more and more involved, and the fun is that if “you buy the game, you will lose it.”


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The publication says that this is probably “the deepest and most engaging strategy ever created.”


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The scale of the game, the openness of the world and the non-linearity of the gameplay were highlighted separately.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The review compared Civilization with other games, but it was not easy for critics to do so [2]:


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In addition, it was said that Civilization cannot be attributed to any genre, no matter how much you want it to be.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to the critic, it is obvious that strategy is the core, but the game combines social simulation, planetary scale and wargame.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The columnist said that the game is well presented - it has a clean interface with drop-down windows, a lot of help and advice, there is no unnecessary information, and this factor is against the background of other strategic Civilization games is a “brilliant example”.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

ACE concludes that the game represents a tangible step forward in the development of the strategy game genre and shows how deep this type of game can be [2].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

At Computer and Video Games, the review was conducted by two critics.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The first of them said that the graphics are sufficient for the strategy, the sound is “so-so” and it is not necessary, but the excitement is such that if you start the game, “the mouse does not let you go”, and Civilization is suitable for smart players who love the game challenge and the role of a global leader.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The second critic noted that “the opportunity to build your empire” may sound trivial at first, but “you start small, gradually the game gives you more and more, you focus on it and suddenly you find that it's 20 minutes past three in the morning and you've lost six hours!”


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The columnist said that Civilization is an “incredibly irresistible” game that captivates more than anything else, and the scale, variety and depth are such that “the playability is enough for the player literally for months” [37].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Computer Gaming World (CGW) in a review of modern wargames reported that the fascination of Civilization is such that a warning mark should be placed on the game box.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to the critic, the saturation is such that there is not enough game documentation, and to solve the problem, he advised to purchase an additional book from CGW on Civilization [38].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In retrospect


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In 2010, a review of games in the series of the magazine “Land of Games” noted that the key feature of Sid Meier's game compared to the board game of the same name is the variety of playthroughs, and the “magic of Civilization” consists in a well-thought-out gameplay and almost endless “replayability”.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The high saturation of Civilization was explained by the presence of a large number of important and interesting events at every turn, taking place in various areas of civilization's activity — building the wonders of the world, opening new technologies, the founding of a new city, reaching the enemy continent by sent combat units, and at the same time the increasing difficulty further involves the player [3].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Honors


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization has received numerous awards from various publications.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization placed Civilization in the category “Best Military or Strategy Computer Game of 1991” [39].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

CGW chose Civilization for Game of the Year for its “fresh and new style” [40].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The game was inducted into the CGW Hall of Fame in 1993.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

During the ceremony, it was said that the design of the game is “fascinating”, combining elements of construction and combat system into one fusion, and Civilization itself has overcome the “gender barrier” in the wargame genre for players female, which was considered difficult for them.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to the comment, Sid Meyer tried to get away from wargame from the very beginning in the description of the game, but the content of Civilization and its combat system definitely records the game in this genre.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

It was also noted that the excellent and seamless gameplay was achieved as a result of a combination of economics, diplomacy, research, science, management, resource management and military strategy, which determined the variety of player decisions, creating an endless and open world [41].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In 1996, CGW named Civilization the best game of all time.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The comment drew attention to the fun of the gameplay created by mixing several models: [42]


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In December 1999, Game.EXE magazine ranked third in the Top 10 of the 1990s, Best Computer Games of the Decade by the Best Developers [43].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In 2000, GameSpot named Civilization one of the most influential games of all time.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In the same year, IGN awarded the game the fourth place on the list of PC games of all time.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The publication classified Civilization as one of the most important issues in the history of computer games.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

It was noted that Civilization has brought many new elements to the industry, the most significant of which are the deep and complex tree of technologies, the improvement of cities and the emergence of new opportunities for them, Wonders of the World system.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In addition, for the first time, a simulation of the entire history of mankind was provided [45].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In 2001, Game Country magazine ranked Civilization 8th in the ranking of games of all time [46].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

In 2012, Time magazine named the game one of the 100 best games of all time.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The impact


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization was the game that actually founded the turn-based strategy genre with a simulation of politics and economics [48], as well as the first strategy game to make the 4X genre popular [49].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Civilization is the first game that was able to cover processes on a global scale and the entire history of the development of mankind as a civilization [24].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to Bruce Shelley, fifty strategy games similar to and based on Civilization were under development in the mid-1990s [24].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

According to IGN in 2000, almost every strategy game since 1991 has been influenced by Civilization, and Civilization II, Colonization, Alpha fell directly into this category Centauri, Age of Empires, Age of Empires II, Caesar Series, Pharaoh, Master of Orion and Master of Magic [45].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Sid Meier's Civilization introduced the concept of a “technology tree” for the first time among computer games, where the player could discover technology and access more advanced elements of the game (including to new technologies).


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

The advent of the technology tree as an entity is usually attributed to the 1980 board game,


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

and the widespread use of the concept began only after the release of Sid Meier's Civilization, in which the technological tree was implemented as a full-fledged game mechanics and part of the game process [50] [51] [52].


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Notes


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

comments


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Sources


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Literature


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

References


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

(in English) on the Kultboy website.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

— Troy Goodfellow's large-scale material on the formation and development of the Civilization series


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

— Benge Edwards article on the origins and development process of Sid Meier's Civilization


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

— a story by the authors of the Civilization game about the history and mechanics of the project at the GDC-2017 conference.


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:DOS games


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Mac OS Games


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Windows games


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Games for SNES


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Games for Amiga


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Games for N-Gage


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Global Strategies


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:PC games with free clones


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Turn-based strategies


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Video games developed by MicroProse


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Computer games published by MicroProse


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:1991 video games


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Video games only with single-player mode


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Computer games with procedural generation of the game world


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Open world video games


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:4X games


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Video games developed in the USA


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Games for Amiga 1200


Question: What genre does Sid Meier's Civilization belong to?

Sid Meier's Civilization

Category:Video games with 2D graphics


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology or Krishna theology is a theology of the Hindu tradition of Gaudiya Vaishnavism.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The basis of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology is Bhagavadgita, Bhagavata Purana, as well as Vedic scriptures such as the Upanishads [1] [2].


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Within Hinduism, Krishnas belong to Madhva's theological tradition of Brahma-sampradaya, one of the four orthodox Vaishnava sampradai [1].


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The teachings of Krishnas have a number of features that allowed them to stand out as a separate branch of this tradition, the Brahmamadhva-gaudiya-sampradaya, with their own interpretation of the “triple basis” of the Vedanta, the Upanishad, Bhagavad-gita and Vedanta-sutra [1].


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

In philosophical and theological terms, Gaudiya Vaishnavism is the latest independent school of theistic Vedanta, the final series, which began with the school of vishta- advaity [3].


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The design of Krishna theology was begun in the 16th century by such followers of Caitanya as Rupa Goswami, Sanatan Goswami and Jiva Goswami [1].


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The latter was the author of the monumental work Shat-Sandarbhi, which can be considered “the sum of the theology of Gaudiya Vaishnavism” [1].


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Baladev Vidyabhushana completed the formation of the theological doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in the 18th century.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

This allowed Caitanya's followers to finally determine their position in relation to other philosophical and religious teachings.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

scriptures


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Gaudiya Vaishnavism recognizes the authority of all the main scriptures of Hinduism: the Vedas, Brahman, Aranyak, the Upanishads, as well as the Purans and the Hindu epics Mahabharata and Ramayana.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishnas focus on Bhagavad-gita and Bhagavata Purana, as these scriptures emphasize monotheism and the primacy of bhakti.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The Bhagavata Purana is revered by Krishnas as the most important of the Puranas, which is a natural commentary on the Vedanta-sutras.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

From the Vedic texts of the shruti canon, special attention is paid to the study of Isopanishad, one of the main theistic Upanishads.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Of the works authored by Caitanya's closest followers, the main canons of Krishna spiritual literature include: the hagiographies Chaitanya-charitamrita and Chaitanya-bhagavata, describing the life and the teachings of Caitanya Mahaprabhu; Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu is an account of Caitanya's teachings written by one of his closest disciples, Rupa Gosvami; Upadeshamrita is another work by Rupa Gosvami.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

History


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The main sacred text of the Krishnas is the Bhagavata Purana, which states that its author, the Vedic sage Vyasa, decided to write it because he was dissatisfied with the fact that the rest The teachings of bhakti were not detailed in the Vedic texts.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Vyasa also wished to express in one book the innermost essence of all Vedas.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The meaning of the Bhagavata Purana in the Gaudiya Vaishnavism is so great that neither Caitanya nor his followers considered it necessary to specifically write commentary on the Vedanta-sutras and other texts of the “triple basis” ( prasthana-trai) — Upanishadam and Bhagavad-gita, as was customary in Vedantic schools.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The Bhagavata Purana itself was their “natural” commentary on the Vedanta-sutras.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

However, at the beginning of the 18th century, when followers of some other schools questioned the authenticity of Bengali Vaishnavs, Baladeva Vidyabhushana wrote Govinda Bhashya, a detailed a commentary on the Vedanta-sutras, as well as commentaries on the Bhagavad-gita and the Chief Upanishads, which finally recognized the school of followers of Caitanya as Vedantic.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

After that, on the basis of Govinda Bhashya, Baladeva wrote a short work Prameya-ratnavali, in which he substantiated nine prameyas, or basic dogmatic provisions: [4]


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Vishnu is the highest reality


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Vishnu is spoken about in all the Vedas


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

the world is real


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

the world and God are not the same


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

living things (jiva) are real


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

living entities stand at different levels in service to God


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

liberation (mukti) is taking refuge at God's feet


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

liberation is achieved through selfless devotional service (amala-bhakti) to God


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

there are three sources of knowledge — pratyaksha, anumana and shabda


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The works of Baladeva Vidyabhushana completed the formation of the theological doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, which allowed Caitanya's followers to finally determine their position in relation to other philosophical, religious teachings.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The main object of controversy that Baladeva Vidyabhushana led in his works was Advaita Vedanta Shankara and his followers.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Like previous Vaishnava acharyas, Baladeva refuted those provisions of Shankara's teachings that affirm the illusory nature of the world and the identity of the individual “I” of the atman with the hopeless and impersonal Brahman.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

According to Shankar, there are no differences in Brahman, there are no causes or effects.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The opinion about the world as a reality, ideas about the Creator of the universe, the perception of multiplicity and distinction of living beings arise only under the influence of maya.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

To confirm these provisions, Shankara attracted the texts of the Vedanta-Sutras and the Upanishads.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

However, Baladev Vidyabhushan, by analyzing these texts and comparing them with each other, showed the illegality of Shankara's conclusions, pointing out that neither the Upanishads nor the Vedanta Sutra give any grounds to assert absolute monism.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The Upanishads and other sacred texts contain statements of various kinds.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Some of them can indeed be seen as confirmation of the absolute unity of God, living beings, and the world, but others clearly point to the differences between them.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Following Jiva Goswami, Viswanatha Chakravarti and his other predecessors, Baladev Vidyabhushana concluded that both statements were true.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

This meant that God, the world, and beings were both one and different at the same time.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

In an effort to avoid contradictions, Shankara built his doctrine on only one side of the opposition, discarding the other.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

According to Baladeva Vidyabhushana, if we recognize that shabda-pramana, scriptures are the perfect source of knowledge about the Absolute, then it is necessary to accept both sides, which inevitably eliminates aporias as a result of advaita vedanta doctrine.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Thus, the doctrine of an incomprehensibly single and multiple entity at the same time (acintya-bheda-abheda-tattva-vada) was finally formulated.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The absolute is divisible (bheda) and indivisible (a-bheda) at the same time.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

This is incomprehensible to the human mind (achintia).


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

It is possible to find a solution to this contradiction only in the spiritual sphere.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The doctrine of acintya-bheda-abheda was a natural conclusion to the historical development of bhakti theism [5].


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Ramanuja agreed with Shankara that the Absolute is one, but in contrast to advaite, he introduced the concept of personal diversity in this unity.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Later, Madhva founded the dvaita, formulating the eternal dualism of the Supreme and the jiva, which persists even after reaching moksha.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Caitanya, in turn, determined that the Supreme and the jivas are “incomprehensibly one and different from each other at the same time” [5].


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

God and living things


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Brahman, Paramatma and Bhagavan


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

In Vaishnava theology, God is neither impersonal nor unqualified, but He is Bhagavan, the supreme person with countless spiritual qualities and is the embodiment of all-existence, omniscience and bliss.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

According to Krishna theology, Krishna is a svayam-bhagavana, the “Supreme Personality of Godhead” and the Supreme Absolute Truth.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

There are three main features of Krishna:


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Brahman is the single, indivisible, impersonal energy of Krishna; the spiritual substance that is the basis of the universe;


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Paramatma is the all-pervading, omnipresent and omniscient Spirit, in the form of which Krishna resides in the heart of every living entity and in every atom of the universe;


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Bhagavan—Krishna, as the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is considered to be the supreme form of the Absolute by svayam-bhagavan.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

These three epistemological aspects correspond to three ontological levels of the Higher Reality: sat (being), cheat (knowledge) and ananda (bliss), which are revealed to the seeker depending on his nature aspirations.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

They are found in different ways: jnani, philosophers who seek to comprehend Brahman acquire eternal existence (sat), yogis meditating on Paramatma in their hearts achieve perfect knowledge (cheat), and bhaktas there are those who devote themselves to loving devotional service to Bhagavan and are blissful (ananda).


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna's Six Major Assets


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

There are six main assets of Krishna, which are called bhaga:


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

aishwarya (wealth)


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

viria (mightiness)


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

yashah (glory)


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

sri (beauty)


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

jnana (knowledge)


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

vairagya (renunciation)


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

All these qualities of Krishna are most fully manifested in Bhagavana, which includes Paramatma and Brahman and is the highest form of God.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Although alone, Bhagavan extends itself into countless forms.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna is the original and supreme form of God, svayam-bhagavan—all of the above qualities are inherent in Krishna by nature and are manifested in him to the maximum extent.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

No one can match Krishna or surpass him in anything.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna's Spiritual Form and Its Aspects


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Svarupa, or Krishna's spiritual form, manifests itself in three main aspects or categories:


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Svayam-rupa is an original spiritual form, self-manifested and not independent of anything, and includes all other forms of Krishna.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

In his original form of svayam-rupa, Krishna lives eternally as a cowherd boy in his spiritual abode Goloka and appears in the same form in Vrindavan, where he performs his spiritual pastimes on earth.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Tad-ekatma-rupa is inherently identical to piles-rupa, but differs from it in appearance and actions performed.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Such forms of Krishna as Narayana and Vasudeva are tad-ekatma-rupa.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Svayam-prakasha or avesa-rupa are great souls who embody qualities such as shakti, jnana and bhakti.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Avatars


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna's avatars of various kinds who descend into this world for a specific mission can belong to any of the above categories.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Each of the avatars exists forever on one of the countless planets of the Vaikuntha spiritual world.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna's avatars fall into six categories:


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Purusha-avatars are Karanodakashai Vishnu (or Maha-Vishnu), Garbhodakashai Vishnu and Kshirodakashai Vishnu.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

These are direct incarnations of Krishna, who belong to the tad-ekatma-rupa category and follow Krishna's will in everything.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Maha-Vishnu lies on the waters of the Karana Ocean (the “causal ocean”) and manifests itself in its partial incarnations Garbhodashai-Vishnu and Kshirodashai-Vishnu.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

They are the source of avatars like Rama and Narasimha.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna is svayam-bhagavan, the source of purusha-avatar.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Although Krishna is in a dominant position, due to his incomprehensible power, he descends into the material world to become the son of Nanda.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The guna-avatars are Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna is completely transcendental to material creation and does not directly participate in it.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The creation, maintenance and destruction of material universes is carried out by purusha-avatars (Maha-Vishnu, Garbhodakashai Vishnu and Kshirodakashai Vishnu) and guna-avatars.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Brahma and Siva are incarnations of Krishna as devotees who are always ready to serve him.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

But the guardian of the universe, Vishnu, is not different from Krishna himself. [


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

By Krishna's will, Brahma creates, Shiva destroys, and Krishna himself, in his eternal form of Vishnu, preserves the universe.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna is the all-powerful master of these three guna-avatars.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Lila-avatara—Krishna descends into the material world as a lila avatar in order to perform his spiritual pastimes.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Manvantara-avatara are incarnations of Krishna who descend during the reign of every Manu.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Yuga-avatars are avatars that descend to this planet in each of the four historical eras.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Saktyavesa-avatars are living entities endowed with special powers by Krishna.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Sambandha, Abhidheya and Prayojana


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Sambandha, abhidheya and prayojana are three key concepts in Gaudiya Vaishnava theology.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Sambandha-jnana means knowledge of the relationship between the Supreme Lord Krishna, his energies (sakti) and jivas.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Accordingly, sambandha-jnana includes knowledge of three tattvas or truths: Krishna-tattva, shakti-tattva and jiva-tattva.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

It is said that the jiva has an eternal relationship with Krishna.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Information about this relationship is called sambandha.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The jiva's understanding of this relationship and the subsequent action based on this understanding is called abhidheya.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Achieving prema, or pure love for Krishna, and returning to the spiritual world, to the company of Krishna and his associates, is the ultimate goal of life, which is called prayojana.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Three categories of Krishna energies


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna has various energies, which fall into three main categories:


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Antaranga-shakti


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Antaranga-shakti is Krishna's inner, spiritual energy, which has several synonymous names: yoga maya, para shakti, svarupa-shakti, and chit shakti.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Unlike matter, antaranga-shakti is fully conscious (chinmaya), which is why it is also called chit shakti.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Because it is directly related to Krishna, it is called antaranga.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Antaranga-shakti manifests the spiritual world—the Vaikuntha planets, where life is eternal, full of knowledge and bliss, where Krishna rules in his countless forms as Narayana, Rama, Narasimha, etc. [7] The Supreme The planet of Vaikuntha is the spiritual planet Goloka Vrindavana, the abode of Krishna, where Krishna's eternal spiritual pastimes, called aprakata-lila, take place.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

When Krishna descends into the material world in order to attract conditioned jivas, he performs his eternal pastimes and at the same time carries out the mission of saving the bhaktas and killing demons.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

These are Krishna's pastimes called prakata-lila.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The place where Krishna's earthly pastimes take place is called prakata-dhama and is considered an exact copy of Goloka Vrindavana on earth.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Antaranga-shakti, in turn, consists of three shakti: sandhini, samvit and hladini.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Like the qualities of Parabrahman sat-chit-ananda (eternal existence, knowledge and bliss), all three shakti (sandhini, samvit and hladini) always exist together.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Depending on the functional feature, there may be some predominance of one of them.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

However, like the three modes of material nature (sattva, rajas and tamas), they do not separate and together represent the same type of Krishna energy.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Sandhini represents Krishna's eternal existence.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Samvit represents transcendental knowledge, which manifests itself as two aspects of self-knowledge (atma-vidya): jnana — self-knowledge (ontology) and jnana-pravartaka — knowledge of how to gain it knowledge (epistemology).


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Knowledge of Krishna is possible only through atma-vidya.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Without knowing oneself as an eternal soul full of eternal existence, knowledge and bliss, it is impossible to know the Supreme, Krishna.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Hladini represents the energy of pleasure through which Krishna enjoys loving relationships with his eternal companions.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna (ananda-chinmaya-rasa) is the source of eternal pleasure.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

If someone is looking for happiness, he is actually looking for Krishna.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Without Krishna, any attempt at happiness is doomed to failure.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Every living entity has an eternal love relationship with Krishna, which is individual and intimate.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Without restoring them, it is impossible to gain eternal existence, true knowledge and real happiness.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna enjoys through chladini-shakti, and all his companions in the spiritual world of Goloka (down to the smallest insect, stone or blade of grass) enjoy with him.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The realization of this refers to the subject of the most intimate knowledge, which is called guhya-vidya.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Guhya-vidya is spiritual knowledge that manifests itself in two aspects: bhakti and what bhakti can bestow on the individual.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Tatastha-shakti


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Tatastha-shakti or kshetragya-shakti is the borderline, intermediate energy of Krishna.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Tata means “shore” and stha means “to divide.”


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Tatastha-shakti is like the edge of a shore that separates ocean and land.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

This energy includes all jivas who, in a conditioned state, struggle stubbornly with the material energy (mind and senses).


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Jivas are integral parts of Krishna and are inherently spiritual and eternal.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

[8] Their original and natural position is to serve with love and devotion to Krishna.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

There are an infinite number of jivas and all of them are endowed with free will.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Their service to Krishna is not forced, but is based on freedom and love.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Being simultaneously one and different from Krishna, jivas are divided into two types: eternally liberated (nitya-siddha) and eternally conditioned (nitya-badha), influenced by material nature.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Bhagavad-gita (15.16) describes these two categories of jivas as kshara and akshara.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Akshara are eternally free jivas who always live with Krishna in the spiritual world, while kshara are in the material world and are conditioned by the action of the material energy of bahiranga-shakti.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Once in the material world, fallen jivas forgot about God, their relationship with Him and devotional service to Him, which is their true, supreme, spiritual happiness.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Identifying themselves with temporary material bodies, the jivas are enslaved to maya and revolve in the samsara cycle, suffering from birth, old age, illness and other worries caused by material nature.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The Jivas, although qualitatively equal to God, fall under the influence of material energy out of ignorance and experience all kinds of material suffering.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

In other words, living entities are located in the borderline energy, occupying an intermediate position between the spiritual and material energies, and in proportion to the extent to which the jiva comes into contact with material or spiritual energies, it is, respectively, at a higher or lower level of existence.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

Krishna, who is present in the material world in the form of Paramatma (Supersoul), is not influenced by maya.


Question: Who completed the formation of the doctrine of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology?

Gaudiya Vaishnava theology

The example of the sun and the smallest particles of its light is often given.