Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

When the two armies met at Fredericksburg, the cavalry remained in the rear.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On December 13, during the Battle of Fredericksburg, only John Pelham's battery was actively used from all parts of Stuart.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Meanwhile, Hampton made three small raids behind enemy lines that winter, and Stewart decided to do something similar.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On December 26, he gathered three of his brigades, crossed the Potomac along Kelly-Ford Ford, spent the night at Bristersburg, from where he went with Rooney Lee's brigade in the morning.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He met federal infantry there, but decided not to attack them, because Dumfries had nothing of value, and his capture did not justify possible losses.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He went to Col Store, where he was joined by Hampton, who had just captured Okokun, but found nothing of value there.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The next day, Stewart and all three brigades returned to Okokoon and, walking a little further north, captured Burke Station, where the telegraph station was located.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

From there, he sent a telegram to Federal Quartermaster Montgomery Migs complaining about the poor quality of the captured mules and the impending difficulties with the removal of wagons [83] [84].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

From Burke Station, Stewart went to Fairfax, from there to Vienna, where he spent the night.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the morning of December 29, it traveled west and south, through Warrenton to Culpepper, and returned to Fredericksburg on January 1.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He brought with him 200 prisoners, the same number of horses and 20 carts of combat equipment.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

During the raid, one person was killed, 13 were injured and 13 were missing.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

However, the press of the North and South was distracted by other events and only briefly mentioned the raid [85].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The Dumfries raid marked the beginning of John Mosby's raiding activities.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He participated in the raid and on the way back asked permission to stay behind enemy lines, taking 9 people with him.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

With these forces, he captured 20 cavalrymen and 20 horses.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Impressed by his success, Stewart made one of his wisest decisions (according to Jeffrey Wert): he allowed him to recruit a detachment of 15 people and use these forces to plan independent operations.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In January, Mosby captured several more federal units, and in early March raided Fairfax and captured Federal General Edwin Staughton [86] [87].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Chancelorsville campaign


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In late March and early April, Stuart had only two brigades at his disposal (Rooney Lee and Fitzhugh Lee); the Hampton brigade was taken to the rear for replenishment, and Jones's brigade was transferred to the Shenandoah Valley.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stuart had about 2,000 men left, while the federal cavalry combined into the corps numbered 11,000 men.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The Federal Command decided to conduct a raid in the rear of the enemy with the forces of 9895 cavalrymen.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On April 13, General Stoneman was ordered to begin.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the same day, General Butterfield, Chief of Staff of the Army of the Potomac, sent a false message through the signal station with the expectation of intercepting it: the message said that Stoneman had been sent to the Shenandoah Valley against Jones cavalry.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Butterfield's plan was a success: Lee ordered Stuart to move west, and Stewart moved his headquarters to Culpepper.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stoneman's raid failed due to the rains, but Stewart thought it was a distraction, but in fact, the Army of the Potomac was preparing to transfer to the Virginia Peninsula [88] [89].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The movement of the cavalry led to the formation of 30 kilometers of unguarded space between Stuart and the main army.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Meanwhile, Federal General Hooker planned a flank march with the forces of three army corps.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On 27 April, these corps began a march bypassing the left flank of the Army of Northern Virginia.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On April 28, Howard's Corps began crossing Kelly Ford.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart found out about this at 21:00, but could not notify the command - communication was maintained by telegraph, which did not work at night.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the 29th, Stuart was still in Culpeper and it wasn't until 1:00pm that he realized that Howard was on the flank of Lee's army.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

As Stoneman's new cavalry raid began at the same time, Stewart left Rooney Lee with two regiments to slow down Stoneman, and sent the rest of the cavalry to Fredericksburg.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At midnight on April 29, in a cold rain, Stewart crossed Rapidan at Racoon Ford and by morning was in Spotsylvania, from where he tried to delay the advance of the federal corps.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At noon, after going to army headquarters for instructions, Stewart came across the 6th New York Cavalry Regiment, sent for reconnaissance by General Slocam.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The 5th, 3rd and 2nd Virginia Regiments came to the rescue, and the battle ensued.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

New Yorkers retreated, losing 51 people.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart lost about 10-15 people. [90]


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On May 1, the Battle of Chancellorsville began.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In the evening, Lee and Jackson began to think about marching into the flank of the enemy army.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart joined the meeting.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

It was he who offered to call a local resident Beverly Lacy, who knew the area well.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the morning of May 2, Jackson began a march under the cover of Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In the afternoon, Jackson attacked and overturned the right flank of the Army of the Potomac.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

When the enemy fled, Stewart and his infantry regiment went to the Elie-Ford crossing to cut off the fleeing retreat routes beyond Rappahanok.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At this point, Jackson was injured.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The one who took command of E.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

P. Hill was also injured.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Robert Rhodes remained the senior, but Hill and Rhodes decided to hand over the corps to Stuart, hoping that this appointment would inspire people a little [91] [92].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Around midnight, the wounded Hill officially handed over command to Stuart and told Stuart everything he could about the state of the army.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Jackson, as usual, did not dedicate his subordinates to his plans, and in his absence, no one knew what to do.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart only understood that he had to advance in order to capture the Chancellorsville Plateau and thus connect the two wings of the army.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At 03:00, Lee told him that it was necessary to continue the attack, not giving the enemy time to restore order in the troops.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

It took Stuart the night to find out the location of his units, and in the morning he began to prepare them for an attack.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The offensive began at dawn with an attack by Hill's Division.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

This attack was repulsed, but the Southerners managed to capture Hazel Grove Hill.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart sent 30 guns there, which opened quick fire on the federal army.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At 10:00, the defense of the federal army collapsed [93] [94].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stuart's offensive on May 3 led to heavy casualties, and Stuart was sometimes convicted of tactical decisions later on.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Louis-Philippe wrote that Stewart deployed divisions to the entire front, which, combined with wooded terrain, made it difficult for divisional commanders to control the brigades.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

wrote that Stuart had to first attack and occupy Hazel Grove, then start shelling federal positions and only then storm infantry, and then the battle would be shorter and worth it less losses.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stuart's criticism began in the first days after the battle, and on May 9, he even sent a letter of apology to General Lee, to which Lee replied that Stuart did not make mistakes and should not apologize.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Bigelow wrote that Stuart's tactics worked only because the Army of the Potomac had a problem with handling and ammunition.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Subsequently, under Gettysburg, the same tactic did not work [95].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Gettysburg campaign


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart commanded the Second Corps from May 3 to May 6, but this gave him the formal right to become Lieutenant General.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

There were rumors that he would be appointed commander of the corps after Jackson's death and that Jackson himself expressed this will, but Lee handed the corps over to Richard Ewell.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At the same time, preparations for the invasion of the North began, and Lee increased the number of cavalry: Jones's Brigade was returned from Shenandoah Valley, and Robertson's Brigade from Northern Virginia (so Robertson again was subordinate to Stuart against the wishes of the latter and General Lee).


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On May 20, Stewart moved his headquarters to Culpepper and began training his units.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On May 22, he held a review of three brigades (4,000 people) and planned a new review, for 9,536 people, for June 5 [96] [97].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart invited General Lee to the review.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He did not have time, but promised to arrive on June 8.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart ordered to repeat the review, but without the participation of artillery.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the same day, Stewart moved his headquarters to Henry Miller's home on Fleetwood Hill.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

It was assumed that on June 9, the cavalry would raid Rappakhanok.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Meanwhile, the Northerners already knew about the concentration of cavalry (although they overestimated its number), and on June 7, General Hooker ordered Alfred Plaesonton to “disperse and defeat” Stuart with the forces of the entire cavalry hulls.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On June 8, Buford's Cavalry Division approached Beverly Ford, and two divisions under Gregg's command approached Kelly Ford [98].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Brandy Station


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Early in the morning of June 9, Buford's division crossed Rappahanok, threw back enemy pickets and attacked Jones's cavalrymen.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The shooting woke Stuart up, who sent the Hampton brigade to help Jones.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He sent a brigade of Rooney Lee and Thomas Munford (who temporarily replaced Fitzhugh Lee), and told Robertson to stand closer to Kelly Ford in case of an attack from the other side, after which he went to lead fighting.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At this time, Gregg's divisions crossed Kelly-Ford and began to approach the battlefield from the south.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

I was the first to find out about this, but did not believe it and asked the courier to double-check this information.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Five minutes later, the report was confirmed, and almost immediately the federal column appeared within a cannon shot distance.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Upon learning about this, Stuart did not believe it at first either, and only from the third message he realized the seriousness of what was happening.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

An eyewitness said Stewart seemed concerned for the first time.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Subsequently, it turned out that Robertson saw Gregg's offensive and even reported it to headquarters, but did nothing to stop him [99] [100].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart ordered a retreat to Fleetwood Hill.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Gregg was close, he was stopped by only one gun that was accidentally at the headquarters.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart himself and the 12th Virginia Cavalry Regiment soon arrived.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

A fierce battle for Fleetwood Hill has begun.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Plesonton soon ordered a retreat.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

His cavalry lost 850 men, Stewart lost 425.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Rooney Lee, son of General Lee, was among the wounded.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Lee himself generally spoke well about Stuart's actions, but the army said that he made serious miscalculations, paying too much attention to the ladies in Culpeper and too little to his duties.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Newspapers (especially Richmond ones) accused Stuart of carelessness, the Enquirer wrote: “If General Stewart has the eyes and ears of our army, he should watch more than be observed.”


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

General William Pender wrote to his wife that if before all the fame went to Stuart alone, it would be even fair that now he would get all the criticism.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart himself categorically denied all charges.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In a letter to his wife, he wrote that he knew about the enemy's offensive and defeated it [101] [102].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Emory Thomas wrote that what happened was incompatible with Stuart's self-perception.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Something happened that, according to Stuart, could not have happened, and he did not try to correct his mistakes, but simply denied them.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

It seemed that he was not concerned about the essence of what was happening, but about how it looked from the outside [103].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Laudon Valley


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On June 10, the Army of Northern Virginia began to move from Culpepper to the Shenandoah Valley.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On June 16, Stuart's division crossed Rappahanok and entered the Loudon Valley.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On June 17, Stewart arrived in Middleburg, from where he sent the Munford Brigade to Eldy and the Rooney Lee/Chambliss Brigade to the Torufair Gap Gorge.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Robertson's brigade remained in reserve, while Hampton and Jones guarded the rearguards of General Lee's army.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Munford clashed with Kilpatrick's federal cavalry, and the Battle of Aldy began.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At the same time, Duffy's cavalry attacked Middleberg, where Stewart was stationed.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In both clashes, the feds were repulsed.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On June 19, Federal General Plesonton attacked Stuart with the forces of an entire cavalry division.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart retreated to Middleberg and Middleberg, while Heros von Borke was seriously wounded and out of action before the end of the war.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On June 21, Plazonton attacked Stuart between Middleburg and Upperville, beginning the Battle of Upperville [104] [105].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

After a fierce battle, Stewart led the cavalry west to the foot of the Blue Ridge.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Plesonton, despite a tactical victory, decided to retreat to Eldy.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart lost about 500 men in the battles in the Loudon Valley.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Some contemporaries criticized Stuart's command, but Jeffrey Wert wrote that this criticism was unjustified; it was not the cavalry of the South that began to fight worse, and the cavalry of the North improved its skills and began to create more problems than before [106].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart raid


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On June 22, General Lee ordered Stuart to take three cavalry brigades and go with them to Pennsylvania to assist Richard Ewell's corps.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The order was passed through Longstreet, who invited Stuart to go to Pennsylvania through the rear of the Army of the Potomac.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Longstreet believed that this would keep the direction of movement of the army secret longer.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

After learning about Longstreet's proposal, Lee sent a second order clarifying the content of the first.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

This order was written on June 23 at 5:00pm in Berreville and handed over to Stuart at night.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Henry McClellan got it, printed it out and woke Stuart sleeping.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He read it in the light of the fire and realized that his plan was approved.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The text of the order contained a lot of oddities and discrepancies, but Stewart did not specify the details, but immediately left for his camp [107] [108].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The whole day on June 24 was spent on training.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Hampton's Brigades, Fitzhugh Lee, were ordered to join at night in Salem.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

These brigades numbered 1978, 2,164 and 1,328 people, respectively, a total of 5,500.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

After the recall of all unfit for the raid, approximately 4,500 [109] remained.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Robertson and Jones Brigades were ordered to stay and guard the passages of the Blue Mountains.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the night of June 25, Stewart went on a raid, but stumbled upon the federal corps and stayed until the morning of June 26.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In the morning, he continued his raid, destroyed a warehouse in Fairfax, crossed the Potomac at night, and seized a federal wagon train in Rockville on June 28.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On June 29, he continued his march north to Pennsylvania, and collided with Kilpatrick's cavalry in Hanover on the morning of June 30.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At the Battle of Hanover, Stewart lost 100 men, but continued the raid and came to Dover on July 1, where he searched for Ewell's corps.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He was only able to find Lee's army on the afternoon of July 2, on the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg [110] [111].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Lee was unhappy with Stuart's absence at critical moments of the campaign, but it is not known what he told him about this.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

According to one version, Lee told Stuart, “Yeah, Stewart, here you are at last.”


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

This version appeared in 1930 in Stuart's biography by John Thomason and from there it was included in the works of Douglas Freeman.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Another version is contained in Stuart's biography by Burke Davis (1957).


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He wrote that Lee raised his hand as if he wanted to hit Stuart and said, “General Stewart, where have you been? I have not received a word from you for several days, and you have been the eyes and ears of my army” [112].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart faded at these words and began to make excuses, but Lee interrupted him: “We will not discuss this.”


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Berke himself considers this version convincing [113].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Gettysburg


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the morning of July 3, Stuart had the Hampton, Fitzhugh Lee, Chambliss Brigades and the Jenkins Brigade under the interim command of Milton Fergusson.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Despite a short rest, the horsemen and horses were very exhausted, and there was a shortage of ammunition, especially in the Jenkins brigade.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Many cavalrymen fell behind the column during the raid, so by July 3, Stuart had hardly more than 3,000 men at his disposal.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stuart's plans for that day are unknown; he probably planned an attack on the rear of the Army of the Potomac at the same time as the Pickett attack, or was preparing to pursue the enemy in the event of his retreat.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In the afternoon, his brigades left Gettysburg along York Road and reached Cress Ridge.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Here Stewart deployed cavalry under the cover of the forest and “did something strange”: he put the gun in position and fired several shots in different directions.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He probably wanted to notify General Lee that he was in position.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He then sent two dismounted regiments of the Jenkins Brigade to a position along the fence at Rummel's farm.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

When the Northerners attacked the position, Stewart hoped to throw them into the flank of the Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee brigade, but Jenkins's men quickly ran out of ammunition (of which there were 10 per barrel) and began to retreat.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart was forced to throw cavalry into a frontal attack, which occurred simultaneously with the Pickett attack and had much in common with it [114] [115] [116].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee brigades went on the attack in an even closed formation and immediately came under fire from shells, shrapnel, and then buckshot.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Custer's Federal Brigade launched a counterattack from the front, while other units attacked the Southerners from the flank.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The Southerners retreated to Rummel's farm.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In this battle, Stuart lost 181 people (including Hampton was wounded), the Northerners - 254.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Historian Warren Robinson considered this battle the most unsuccessful in Stuart's career [117].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart was forced to cancel his plans to attack the federal rear, but announced that he had won the battle.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The next day, the Army of Northern Virginia began to retreat.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On his way to Emmitsburg, Stewart got lost in the darkness of the night and was able to return to his crews only on July 6.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The flood of the Potomac River did not allow the army to quickly retreat to Virginia, and it took a defensive position on the Maryland coast; Stuart's cavalry provided cover for the flanks.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the night of July 14, the army withdrew for the Potomac.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The cavalry was the last to cross on the same day at 08:00.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In those days, Stuart was exhausted by insomnia and sometimes did not know what he was doing or what he was saying.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

His adjutant McClellan later recalled these cases as an example of the fact that a person can sleep and at the same time seem awake [118] [119].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Criticism


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

During the campaign, it was believed that Stuart's raid was the reason for its failure.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

“According to officers of the Army of Northern Virginia, the reason for the failure in Pennsylvania in 1863 was expressed in a nutshell: the lack of cavalry,” wrote General Henry Heth.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

These accusations initially looked like conversations among officers, but then penetrated into newspapers and began to be discussed at the government level.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

There were even rumors that Stuart would be removed from command and the cavalry would be handed over to John Hood [120] [121].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

General Fitzhugh Lee, listing three reasons for the failure of the campaign, puts Stuart's absence in the first place.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Douglas Freeman, citing the reasons for the failure of the Gettysburg campaign, calls Stuart's raid the first reason out of five [122] [123].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At the same time, a dispute arose, which continues to this day, about who exactly is to blame for the fact that Stuart's raid was even undertaken.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Contemporaries and historians split into two camps: supporters of Stuart's guilt and supporters of Lee's guilt.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

One of Stuart's first defenders was John Mosby, but his arguments were so emotional and sarcastic that they hurt the case more than helped.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Later, historian Mark Nesbit, in Saber and Scapegoat, claimed that Stewart strictly followed the orders of General Lee and, through no fault of his own, became the scapegoat in the story.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Historian Alan Nolan took the same position.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Warren Robinson wrote that Stewart did not actually violate the order anywhere, because Lee left him more freedom in choosing a solution.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Lee believed in Stuart's intelligence and prudence and did not specify exactly how to obey his order.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Robinson called this the biggest mistake of the campaign, if not the entire war. [124]


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The autumn of 1863


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The failure of the Gettysburg campaign caused a breakdown in society and the army, and only Stuart did not admit defeat: he remained cheerful, optimistic, confident in future victories, and even believed that he deserved increase.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Since it was long overdue to increase the cavalry division to the corps, and the corps could only be commanded by a lieutenant general, Stewart was convinced that the cavalry reform would give him this new rank.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On September 9, 1863, General Lee issued a decree reorganizing the cavalry, conferring the rank of Major General Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee, and conferring the rank of Brigadier General Baker, Butler, Lomax, and Wickham.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stuart now had two cavalry divisions at his disposal:


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Major General Wade Hampton's 1st Division:


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

William Jones Brigade;


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

brigade;


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Matthew Butler's Brigade;


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Major General Fitzhugh Lee's 2nd Division:


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Rooney Lee Brigade;


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

brigade;


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

brigade.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart himself remained in the rank of major general, which unpleasantly surprised him.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The promotion also bypassed Munford and Rosser, which made Rosser very angry with Stuart.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The situation was soon resolved: General Jones allowed himself to publish charges against Stuart, was tried for this and expelled from the corps.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On October 10, Rosser received his brigade and soon received the rank of general [125].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At this time, Longstreet's corps was sent to the West, and the federal command decided to take advantage of the moment: on September 13, two cavalry divisions crossed the Rappahanok.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart retreated to Rapidan, losing three guns.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Rosser wrote in a private letter that this was the last blow to Stuart's reputation.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On September 22, Buford's division reached Rapidan, and Stewart attacked it at Jack's Shop.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At this time, Kilpatrick's division went to his rear.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stuart hardly managed to escape from the encirclement and push Kilpatrick behind Rapidan.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart called the battle his success, Buford claimed that Stewart was defeated, and Rosser wrote home that Stewart was “defeated as usual” [126].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Soon, Meade himself was forced to send two corps to the West, and Lee launched a counteroffensive: on October 9, the very day Stuart had a daughter, Virginia Pelham [127], the Army of Northern Virginia began a march bypassing the flank of Meade's army.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Personally commanding the Hampton Division (which had not yet returned to service after Gettysburg), Stewart covered the army's offensive.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On October 10, he exchanged fire with Kilpatrick near James City, then caught up with him in Culpeper, but did not attack, but decided to bypass the enemy from the rear and capture the dominant height of Fleetwood Hill near Brandy station.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Realizing the danger, Kilpatrick began his retreat to Fleetwood Hill.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Opponents met at Fleetwood Hill, and there was a battle resembling the battle at Brandy Station, only opponents changed roles.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The battle ended in a draw, and Kilpatrick managed to leave for Rappahanok.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On October 12, Stewart went with three brigades to Auburn, from where he proceeded to Catlet Station and found carts of the Army of the Potomac there.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At this time, the Federal Infantry entered Auburn, pushed back Fitzhugh Lee's division during the first Battle of Auburn, and Stewart was surrounded.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

It was not possible to escape from the encirclement, but Stewart found a lowland near Auburn, where he hid his detachment until the morning of October 14, waited for his infantry to approach, and escaped from the encirclement.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

This morning's battle became known as the Second Battle of Auburn [128].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the same day, there was an unsuccessful battle for the South at Brito Station, after which General Lee decided to cancel the offensive and retreat for Rappahanok.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart, still in command of the Hampton Division, was covering the retreat.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On October 19, he retreated across the Broad Run near Buckland.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Kilpatrick's division tried to cross the river, but was thrown back.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart retreated to lure Kilpatrick under the attack of Fitzhugh Lee's division; this plan could not be fully implemented, but the federal cavalry began to withdraw.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In this battle, known as “”, the Northerners lost 250 prisoners.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart called it his most complete victory of the entire war, and Kilpatrick did not mention this clash at all in his report.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

General Custer lost his wagon train, with which his private correspondence fell into the hands of the enemy.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The campaign as a whole was a draw, but Stuart managed to conduct several successful cavalry battles, capture 1,400 prisoners and lose only 390 people.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In addition, he did not give enemy cavalry time to identify the positions of the Lee army [129].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Overland campaign


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On May 2, 1864, Lee met with his generals on Mount Clark and warned them that the enemy was preparing to attack, probably bypassing the army's right flank.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On May 3, intelligence reported to Stuart that the Northerners were going to launch an offensive on the morning of May 4.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On that day, General Grant crossed the Potomac and began the Overland campaign: at 03:00, Wilson's Federal Cavalry Division reached Hermann-Ford Ford Ford Ford.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The southerners pickets (1st North Carolina Cavalry Regiment) retreated without accepting the battle, and immediately reported this to Stuart [130], who turned the camp and sent the cavalry east to cover the army's maneuvers.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Fitzhugh Lee's brigade was summoned from Fredericksburg, and the Hampton brigade from the upper reaches of Rapidan.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In the evening, intelligence reported that the enemy camped in the Wilderness forest.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart spent the night in Verdisville, and in the morning went to Hill Building and met Hill and General Lee at noon on the Orange Turnpike Road on the field of Tappa Farm.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At this very moment, the federal infantry entered the field - Lee, Hill and Stewart for some time were at a pistol shot distance from the enemy, devoid of any cover.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The feds did not open fire and immediately returned to the forest [131] [132].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

When the battle in the Wilderness began, Stuart was at Hill's corps.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On this day, the Rosser Brigade pushed Wilson's Federal Cavalry east to Todd Tavern, and Fitzhugh Lee's Brigade approached Todd Taverns from the south.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the morning of May 6, Stewart arrived at the Rosser Brigade.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Rosser attacked the positions of the Feds (Custer Brigade), but was repulsed with heavy losses.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart watched the shootout while he was in front of the artillery.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In the evening of that day, Lee recommended Stuart to take care of people and attack only in the best case [133].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Historian Gordon Rea wrote that Stuart's cavalry at the beginning of the Overland campaign operated weaker than usual.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart identified the location of the advancing Army of the Potomac, but did not do it accurately enough.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

That is why Ewell's corps only discovered the Warren Federal Column when it collided face to face, and Hill's advancing corps also did not know anything about the number of enemy in its path, allowed the Getty Federal Division to detain two Hill divisions before the approach of Hancock's Corps [134].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Assuming that Grant could start a flank bypass through Spotsylvania, Lee advised Stuart to closely monitor the Brock Road leading there.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the afternoon of May 7, the intersection was occupied by Fitzhugh Lee's Cavalry Division numbering about 3,500 people.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

These were fresh units that were not used in the battles in Wilderness.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Wade Hampton's division stood west, at Corbin Bridge, where Catarpine Road crossed the Po River.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Grant really conceived a throw at Spotsylvania and commissioned the cleaning of the road of the Wesley Merritt division.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At 07:30, George Custer and Thomas Devin's brigades moved south along Brock Road and soon came across Fitzhugh Lee pickets.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The Southerners fought dismounting, firing from behind barricades and debris [135].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the morning of May 8, infantry joined the federal offensive, and the Southerners retreated to Laurell Hill.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart then took command of the cavalry on Laurel Hill and suitable infantry units from the Anderson Corps.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He personally brought the Kershaw Brigade and placed it in a fortified position.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He ensured that the appearance of infantry on Laurel Hill came as a complete surprise to the Feds, and their first attack was repulsed with heavy losses.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Jeffrey Wert wrote that Stewart commanded as effectively as he did under Chancelorsville on May 3, 1863.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He skillfully deployed reinforcements, taking full advantage of his position; his fearlessness and confident behavior gave strength to Kershaw's infantrymen.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Then, after Jackson's death and Longstreet's injury, Stewart became the most famous general in the Army of Northern Virginia [136].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Doom


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The failure of the federal cavalry at Spotsylvania led to a skirmish between Meade and Sheridan, during which Sheridan is believed to have said he could deal with Stuart at any time (I can thrash hell out of him any day).


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Meade conveyed these words to Grant, who allowed Sheridan to launch a raid to destroy Stuart's cavalry.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On May 9, Sheridan began a cavalry march towards Richmond with 10,000 men, hoping to provoke Stuart to attack.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

the first one noticed this maneuver, raised the alarm and began to pursue.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart assigned Wickham, Lomax and Gordon to pursue the brigades and joined the column at 15:00.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

According to various sources, he had from 3,000 to 4,500 people at his disposal.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In pursuit of the enemy, he reached Beaverdem Station, near which his wife and children were staying.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

There he decided to send Gordon's brigade to the rear of Sheridan's column, and ordered the Lomax and Wickham brigades to overtake Sheridan and intercept him near Richmond.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the morning of May 10, Stuart visited his wife and children, and in the afternoon he caught up with the column [137] [138] [139].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the morning of May 11, Stuart's brigades reached the Yellow Tavern on the Richmond-Fredericksburg road.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He decided to take a position on the east side of the road and attack the enemy's flank as he passed south.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Realizing that his strength was not enough, he sent adjutant Henry McClellan to Richmond to help him with infantry from the fortifications of the city [137] [138].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The Federal Cavalry arrived at noon.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

After finding Stuart in position, Sheridan threw cavalry on his flanks: the battle began at Yellow Taverns.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At this point, much depended on the 5th Virginia Regiment, commanded by Henry Pate.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At one time, when Pate was in conflict with Rosser, Stewart sided with Rosser and sent Pate to tribunal.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Pate was now ordered to hold his position at all costs, and in a subsequent attack he was killed.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At 14:00, there was a short lull, during which Henry McClellan arrived from Richmond.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At 15:00, Stewart wrote the last report of his military career, a letter to Braxton Bragg.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He offered to send a brigade from Richmond to the rear of Sheridan, so that the Northerners would be under attack from both sides.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Historian Monte Acres sees the evil irony that Stuart, who fought against such major generals as Lee and Jackson, sent his last report to such an unrespected general as Bragg [140] [141] [142] [142 ].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At 16:00, the second attack began, both dismounted and mounted.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Custer's brigade broke through the center of Stuart's position with a decisive attack and captured an artillery battery.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Gustavus Dorsey, captain of Company K of the 1st Virginia Regiment, recalled that Stewart was at a critical moment with his company.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

As a wave of attackers passed by the flank of the company, Stewart sat on horseback and fired a revolver.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The northerners began to retreat, and someone, running past, shot him with a 10.9 mm pistol and hit him in the right side below the ribs [143] [141].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Captain Dorsey's version has become generally accepted in biographical literature.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

However, later there were other memories that differed from Dorsey's testimony.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

For example, Lieutenant McNulty wrote that Stewart was wounded while he was leading the company on the counterattack.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Lieutenant Colner describes the events in much the same way.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

And Sergeant Hayden wrote in 1909 that there was such a dense forest on the battlefield that no one could see Stuart wounded [144].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Dorsey managed to get Stuart to the rear.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

There Stewart met Fitzhugh Lee and surrendered command to him saying, “Go, Fitz, old friend. I know you're going to do it right!” [145]


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The military doctor could not say anything specific: the bullet entered the abdomen and remained somewhere there.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

There was little chance of survival.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The doctor gave Stuart whiskey for stimulation, after which he was taken through Mechanicsville to Richmond.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At night, he was at Charles Brewer's house on Grace Street.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

I should have sent a telegram to my wife at Beaverdam Station, but the telegraph wires were cut by Sheridan's cavalrymen.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Heros von Borke, however, managed to send a telegram via Lynchburg and Gordonsville.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On May 12, at 1:00pm, Flora took a train to Richmond, but only reached Ashland.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Behind Ashland, the rails were dismantled by the federal cavalry.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At the time in Richmond, Stewart was making orders regarding his property.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He gave two of his horses to McClellan and Venable, bequeathed his sword to his son, and spurs to Miss Lily Lee of Shepardstown.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

By the end of the day, he began to lose consciousness.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He probably suffered from internal hemorrhage and peritonitis.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Dr. Brewer said he was unlikely to live to see the morning.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

“I humble myself; this is God's will,” said Stuart, “but I want to see my wife... But let the Lord's will be done.”


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

After 19:00, everyone in the house gathered at his bedside, Reverend Joshua Peterkin read episcopal prayers, and Stewart said again, “I'm retired. Let the Lord's will be done.”


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He died a few minutes later, at 19:38 [146].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Emory Thomas wrote that there was a cruel irony in Stuart's death: he once said that he wanted to die from a bullet in the head during a cavalry attack, and died in his bed after a long torment.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He hoped to die from a saber blow, but died of an internal hemorrhage, actually killed by his own blood [147].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Flora didn't arrive in Richmond until 11:50 p.m.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On the afternoon of May 13, a funeral service was held.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The coffin was taken to St. James's Church, where St. Peterkin served.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The coffin was taken to Holywood Cemetery, where Reverend Minnengerod held his second service.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

President Davis attended the funeral [148].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

family


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

After Stuart's death, his wife, son and daughter survived [149]:


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Flora Cook Stewart is “Mrs. General Stewart” forever.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Her father urged her to go north and even promised a pass, but she refused.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

After her daughter died, she moved to Norfolk.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

She died on May 10, 1923, almost exactly 50 years after her husband's death.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

She was in mourning for the rest of her life.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

James Ewell Brown Stuart II later enlisted in the Federal Army and rose to the rank of captain.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He died in Florida in 1930.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

His son was James Ewell Brown Stuart III (1897—1990).


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Virginia Pelham Stewart married Robert Waller (1853—1923) in 1887 and settled in Norfolk.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

She died in childbirth in 1898.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Heritage


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the architect and former captain of the Confederate Army Marion Dimmock proposed to erect an equestrian statue of Stuart, taking as a model the statue of British General James Outram, authorship.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

He did the job that once worked with Foley.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Already at the design stage, customers noticed too much similarity between the statues of Outram and Stuart.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Moynihan made some changes, and on May 30, 1907, the monument was officially unveiled [150].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

On June 18, 1888, a monument was unveiled at the site of Stuart's injury at Yellow Taverns.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The ceremony was attended by many veterans of the battle, including Fitzhugh Lee, who was governor of Virginia at the time.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The creation of the monument was personally supervised by Flora Cook Stewart.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In May 1964, a ceremony was held at this site to mark the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Yellow Tavern [151].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In 1921, Charles Hoffbauer completed four murals known as “Four Seasons of the Confederacy”.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Stewart is depicted in the Autumn section, where he symbolizes the period of failure of the Confederacy [152].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Three high schools were named after Stuart in Virginia.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In 2015, Virginia began disputes over the renaming of the high school “J.E.B. Stuart High”.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The initiators cited Fairfax County ethical values and the county's racial diversity.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

As a result, the parties came to a compromise: it was decided to name the school “Stuart High” [153].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

The M3 and M5 Stuart tanks were named so in the British army in honor of General Stewart [154].


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

At the movies


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In The Road to Santa Fe (1940) Stuart was played by Errol Flynn.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

In Gettysburg (1993) and Gods and Generals (2003), he played General Stewart.


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Notes


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

comments


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

References to sources


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Literature


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

{{error| {{H}}: No such template


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

References


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Category: Alumni of the US Military Academy


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Category: Confederate Army Generals


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Category: Victims of the American Civil War


Question: When was James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stewart born?

Jeb Stewart

Category: Burials in Richmond (VA)


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Cosmological models are models that describe the development of the universe as a whole.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

In general, the following theories and branches of physics are used to build models:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Equilibrium statistical physics, its basic concepts and principles, as well as the theory of relativistic gas.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The theory of gravity is usually GR.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Although its effects have only been tested on the scale of the solar system [1] [2], and its use on the scale of galaxies and the Universe as a whole may be questioned.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Some information from particle physics: a list of basic particles, their characteristics, types of interaction, conservation laws.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Cosmological models would be much simpler if the proton was not a stable particle and decays [3], which modern experiments in physics laboratories do not confirm.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

At the moment, the set of models that best explain the observational data is:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

approx.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

: green means absolutely dominant theories; amber is recognized by many, but widely discussed; scarlet means big problems lately, but supported by many theorists.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Starting positions


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Of all the many observational data for building and confirming theories, the key are the following:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

All observations related to the distance scale.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

It is their results that give the values of the Hubble constant H, which in the law bears his name:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

c


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

z


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

H


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

D


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle CZ=H_ {0} D,}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

where z is the redshift of the galaxy, D is the distance to it, c is the speed of light.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The age of the universe obtained from the law of expansion must be strictly greater than the age of the oldest objects.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

(For example, from observations of star clusters)


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Measurements of the initial abundance of elements.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

(For example, from observations of BCDG galaxies and G-dwarfs)


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Relict background data.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Data on the evolution of large-scale structures.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

(In addition to direct observations of the structure, data sources can be very diverse from observations of individual objects to the relict background).


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Their interpretation begins with the postulate that each observer at the same time, regardless of the place and direction of observation, finds on average the same picture.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

That is, on a large scale, the universe is spatially homogeneous and isotropic.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Note that this statement does not prohibit heterogeneity in time, that is, the existence of selected sequences of events available to all observers.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Supporters of theories of the stationary universe sometimes formulate a “perfect cosmological principle”, according to which four-dimensional space-time should have the properties of homogeneity and isotropy.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

However, the evolutionary processes observed in the Universe do not seem to agree with this cosmological principle.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Expanding Universe Model


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The model of the expanding universe describes the very fact of expansion.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

In general, it does not consider when or why the universe began to expand.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Most models are based on GR and its geometric view of the nature of gravity.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

If an isotropic expanding medium is considered in a coordinate system rigidly connected with matter, then the expansion of the Universe formally comes down to a change in the scale factor of the entire coordinate grid, the nodes of which galaxies are “planted”.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

This coordinate system is called a co-ordinate system.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The beginning of the countdown is usually attached to the observer.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

There is no single point of view as to whether the universe is really infinite or finite in space and volume.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

However, the observed universe is finite because the speed of light is finite and the Big Bang existed.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Friedman model


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Within the framework of GR, the entire dynamics of the Universe can be reduced to simple differential equations for the scale factor


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle a (t)}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

In a homogeneous, isotropic four-dimensional space with constant curvature, the distance between two infinitely approximate points can be written as follows:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

If the expression for the metric is substituted into the GR equations, we obtain the following system of equations:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Energy equation


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

π


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

G


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ρ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

k


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

c


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Λ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

c


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle\ left ({\ frac {\ dot {a}} {a}}\ right) ^ {2} = {\ frac {8\ pi G\ rho} {3}} -\ left ({\ frac {kc^ {2}} {a^ {2}}}\ right) + {\ frac {\ Lambda c^ {2}} {3}}}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Equation of motion


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

π


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

G


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ρ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

P


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

c


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Λ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

c


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle {\ frac {\ ddot {a}} {a}} =- {\ frac {4\ pi G} {3}}\ left (\ rho + {\ frac {3P} {c^ {2}}}\ right) + {\ frac {\ Lambda c^ {2}} {3}}}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Continuity equation


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

d


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ρ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

d


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

H


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ρ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

P


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

c


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle {\ frac {d\ rho} {dt}} =-3H\ left (\ rho + {\ frac {P} {c^ {2}}\ right),}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

where


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Λ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle\ Lambda}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

— cosmological constant,


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ρ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle\ rho}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

is the average density of the universe,


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

P


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle P}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

— pressure,


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

c


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle c}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

is the speed of light.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The given system of equations allows for many solutions, depending on the selected parameters.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

In fact, the values of the parameters are fixed only at the moment and evolve over time, so the evolution of the extension is described by a set of solutions [4].


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Explaining Hubble's Law


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Let's say there is a source located in a companion system at a distance r1 from the observer.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The receiving equipment of the observer records the phase of the incoming wave.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Let us consider two intervals between points with the same phase [4]:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

δ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

δ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ν


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ν


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

z


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle {\ frac {\ delta t_ {1}} {\ delta t_ {0}}} = {\ frac {\ nu _ {0}} {\ nu _ {1}}}\ equiv 1+z.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

On the other hand, for a light wave in the adopted metric, equality is fulfilled:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

d


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

d


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

r


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

k


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

r


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle dt=\ pm a (t) {\ frac {dr} {\ sqrt {1-kr^ {2}}}}.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

If we integrate this equation and remember that in the accompanying coordinates r does not depend on time, then provided that the wavelength is small relative to the radius of curvature of the Universe, we obtain the ratio:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

δ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

δ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle {\ frac {\ delta t_ {1}} {a (t_ {1})}} = {\ frac {\ delta t_ {0}} {a (t_ {0})}}.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

If we now substitute it in the original ratio:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

z


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle 1+z= {\ frac {a (t_ {0})} {a (t_ {1})}}.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

After decomposing the right side into a Taylor series, taking into account the first-order term of smallness, we get a ratio that exactly coincides with Hubble's law.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Where the H constant takes the form:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

H


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle H= {\ frac {{\ dot {a}} (t)} {a (t)}}.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ΛCDM


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

As already mentioned, Friedman equations allow for many solutions, depending on the parameters.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

And the modern CDM model is a Friedman model with generally accepted parameters.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Usually, in the work of observers, they are given in concepts related to critical density [4]:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ρ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

c


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

r


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

H


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

π


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

G


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle\ rho _ {cr} = {\ frac {3H_ {0} ^ {2}} {8\ pi G}}.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

If we express the left side of Hubble's law, then after the conversion we get the following form:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Ω


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

m


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Ω


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

k


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Ω


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Λ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle 1=\ Omega _ {m} +\ Omega _ {k} +\ Omega _ {\ Lambda},}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

where Ωm = ρ/ρCR, Ωk = - (kc2)/(A2H2), ΩΛ= (8πGλC2) /ρcr.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

It can be seen from this record that if Ωm+Ωλ= 1, that is, the total density of matter and dark energy is critical, then k = 0, that is, the space is flat, if greater, then k = 1, if less than k = -1.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

In the modern generally accepted expansion model, the cosmological constant is positive and significantly different from zero, that is, antigravity forces occur on a large scale.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The nature of such forces is unknown, theoretically this effect could be explained by the action of a physical vacuum, but the expected energy density is many orders of magnitude greater than energy, corresponding to the observed value of the cosmological constant — the problem of the cosmological constant [4].


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The rest of the options are currently of only theoretical interest, but this may change as new experimental data become available.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The modern history of cosmology already knows similar examples: models with zero cosmological constant unconditionally dominated (in addition to a short surge of interest in other models in the 1960s) with when Hubble discovered the cosmological redshift and until 1998, when data on Type Ia supernovae convincingly refuted them [comment 1].


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Further evolution of the extension


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The further course of expansion generally depends on the values of the cosmological constant Λ, the curvature of space k and the equation of state P (ρ).


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

However, the qualitative evolution of the expansion can be assessed based on fairly general assumptions [4].


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Λ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle\ Lambda <0}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

If the value of the cosmological constant is negative, then only the forces of attraction act and none else.


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

The right side of the energy equation will be non-negative only for finite R values, which means that at some Rc value, the universe will begin to contract at any k value and regardless of type equations of state [7].


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

Λ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

{\ displaystyle\ Lambda =0}


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

If the cosmological constant is zero, then the evolution at a given value of H0 depends entirely on the initial density of the substance [4]:


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

d


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

d


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

t


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

G


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

π


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ρ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

a


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

H


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

ρ


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models

H


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models


Question: What theories are used to build a Cosmological model?

Cosmological models