Question: How many dialects were there in the Izhor language?

Izhora language

Category:Baltic-Finnish languages


Question: How many dialects were there in the Izhor language?

Izhora language

Category:Languages of Russia


Question: How many dialects were there in the Izhor language?

Izhora language

Category:Endangered languages


Question: How many dialects were there in the Izhor language?

Izhora language

Category:Izhora


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Scabies (Latin: scabies) is a contagious skin disease, acariasis from the acarodermatitis group, caused by a microscopic parasite - scabies mite or itchy itch (Latin: Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The name of the pathogen comes from Ancient Greek: srh (meat, pulp), (gnaw, torment, cut) and Latin: scabere (comb).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Characteristic signs of the disease are itching and papulosicular rash, often with the addition of secondary pustular elements due to infection during scratching.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The word “scabies” itself is the same root as the verb “itch” [1].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The high degree of infectiousness of scabies in humans is explained by the short period of time for the introduction of the scabies mite into human skin.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

This interval is only 15-20 minutes.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

History of the disease


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The first descriptions of scabies were made more than 2500 years ago [2].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Scabies are described in the Old Testament and in the writings of Aristotle.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In ancient Greece, scabies were classified as a group of skin diseases united by the term “psora”.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In ancient Rome, scabies were called “scabies”, this name has survived to this day.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In medieval treatises, assumptions were put forward about the parasitic nature of scabies.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Reliable evidence of the role of scabies mites in the development of the disease appears only after the creation of an optical microscope.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In 1687, Italian physician Giovan Cosimo Bonomo and pharmacist Diacinto Cestoni first described the relationship between scabies mites and typical skin symptoms that develop after infection.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It was they who first established that the disease can be caused by a microscopic organism [3].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

A complete and reliable description of the etiology and pathogenesis was given in 1844 by the German dermatologist Ferdinand Gebra.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

This manual was translated into Russian in 1876 by A. G. Polotebnev [1].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

epidemiology


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

There is no accurate information on the global epidemiological picture of scabies [4] [5].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Two relatively reliable statistical reports are known for Edinburgh (for 1815—2000) and for Denmark (1900—1970).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

According to these data, approximately 5% of patients with skin diseases had scabies during the entire observation period.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Sharp jumps in the incidence were observed in wartime, when scabies affected up to 30% of the population.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

There are theories about the wavy nature of the incidence of scabies at intervals of 7-30 years.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

However, these theories are heavily criticized [6].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

There is evidence of a cyclic increase in the aggressiveness of the scabies mite due to the development of its resistance to a number of scabicides.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

There are also spikes in morbidity during wars, natural disasters, famine and other social phenomena leading to a deterioration in living conditions, nutrition and hygiene, and crowding of people.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The incidence of scabies is characterized by seasonality.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In Russia, this is autumn-winter.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The same data were obtained from the results of 20 years of observation in the Israeli army [7].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The seasonality of the disease is partly due to the biological characteristics of the ticks themselves, whose fertility reaches a maximum in September-December, as well as the fact that cool conditions contribute to better survival of itching in the external environment.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In addition, cold contributes to crowding of people and reducing sweating (then antimicrobial peptides are released, to which scabies mites are partly sensitive).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

[8] In West Africa, peak incidence also occurred during the cold and dry seasons.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Where there is no pronounced climatic seasonality, the incidence of scabies is evenly distributed throughout the year (Bangladesh, Gambia, Brazil) [9] [10] [11] [12].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Scabies can occur both epidemically and endemically.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Sporadic outbreaks are typical for industrialized countries, where the disease is localized mainly in organized groups united by common bedrooms (military barracks, boarding schools, children's houses, dormitories, prisons, medical institutions, etc.) or in antisocial strata of society.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Teams whose members unite only during the daytime (groups in preschool institutions, classes in secondary and higher educational institutions, labor collectives), epidemiological danger, as usually do not represent.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The overall incidence rate in such countries is low.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

According to England and Wells for 1994—2003, the incidence was 351 cases per 100,000 people per year for men and 437 for women [13].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In Russia, the annual incidence, judging by the sale of scabicides in the pharmacy chain, exceeds a million cases.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

However, in a number of countries, the incidence is much higher and can reach 40-80%.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

There are especially many patients among the peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa and the aborigines of Australia and New Zealand [14] [15], which is probably due to the peculiarities of their immunity and the structure of the stratum corneum of the skin.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In general, at the end of the 20th century, about 300 million people (5% of the world's population) suffered from scabies [8].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Young children are more affected by scabies in the world, which is due to their lack of immunity to the pathogen and more frequent direct contact with the skin of patients [8].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The situation in Russia is somewhat different.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The main risk is the adolescent age group, which, forming only a tenth of the population, takes up to 25% of the total incidence.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The second place is traditionally occupied by school age, third by preschool, and fourth by mature age.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It is significant that in case of scabies, the distribution of morbidity by social groups is consistent with age.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The highest incidence is among students, lower in schoolchildren and preschoolers.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

This situation is explained by the peculiarities of sexual activity and the development of antipruritic immunity in different age groups.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Transmission paths


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Scabies infection almost always occurs with prolonged direct skin-skin contact [16].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The sexual route of transmission prevails.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It is not uncommon for children to become infected when they sleep in the same bed with sick parents.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In crowded teams, other direct skin contacts are also implemented (contact sports, children's fuss, frequent and strong handshakes, etc.).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Although a number of manuals continue to reproduce outdated information about the transmission of scabies through household items (household items, bedding, etc.), experts agree that such the route of infection is extremely unlikely.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

[8] The exception is Norwegian scabies, when up to several million ticks live on the patient's body (in typical cases it is 10-20 ticks).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

A key experiment that proved that direct contact with the patient's skin plays a dominant role in the transmission of scabies was performed in 1940 in the UK under the leadership of Mellanby.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Of the 272 attempts to infect volunteers by putting them in bed, from which patients with severe scabies had just risen, only 4 attempts led to the disease [17].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Such features of parasitosis transmission are explained by the following data on its biology:


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

scabies mite is inactive during the day; females are selected to the surface only in the late evening and at night;


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

the tick needs about 30 minutes to penetrate the host's skin;


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

in the external environment, the tick dies quickly (at 21° C and humidity 40-80%, the parasite dies after 24-36 hours), the warmer and drier, the faster; the tick loses its activity even earlier [18] [19].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Currently, more guidelines and medical reviews include scabies along with phthyriasis in the list of sexually transmitted diseases [20] [21], although it is important for the transmission of these parasites not so much the coitus itself, but prolonged contact with bodies in bed.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Biology and life cycle of scabies mite


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The causative agent of scabies is the scabies mite, an obligate human parasite.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The parasite is characterized by sexual dimorphism: females are twice as large as males, reaching 0.3-0.5 mm.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The oral organs protrude somewhat forward, on the sides there are 2 pairs of front legs with suction cups, 2 hind pairs of legs are located on the abdominal surface, in females they are equipped with long bristles, in males 4 a pair of legs instead of sucker bristles.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The tick eggs are oval in shape, the larva that has emerged from the egg has an ovoid shape and 3 pairs of legs (4 pairs are missing), its size does not exceed 0.15 by 0.1 mm [22].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Mating mites occur on the surface of the skin.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Immediately after mating, the males die.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The fertilized female forms an scabies passage in the stratum corneum of the skin, in which she lays 2-4 eggs per night.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Ticks dissolve skin keratin with the help of special proteolytic enzymes contained in their saliva (they feed on the resulting lysate).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Males form short lateral branches in the female's scabies.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Female life expectancy does not exceed 4-6 weeks.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The larvae hatch after 2 to 4 days and immediately begin to form passages in the uppermost layer of the skin.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

After another 3-4 days, the larvae shed and turn into protonymphs, which in turn shed in 2-5 days into a teleonymph.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The teleonymph develops into an adult male or female in 5-6 days.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In total, the formation of an adult tick occurs in 10-14 days.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

A contagious tick can be at any stage of development, but more often scabies are transmitted from person to person with fertilized adult females.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Ticks are not active during the day.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The female begins to “dig” the course (2-3 mm per day) in the evening; at the same time, itching increases in patients with typical forms of scabies.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

At night, females go to the surface of the skin to mate and move to other parts of the body (on the surface of warm skin, mites move at a speed of 2.5 cm per minute [23].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

At the same time, the most favorable situation for infection arises.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Pathogenesis


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The clinical picture of scabies is due to the immune-allergic reaction of the host body to the waste products of the tick, so all symptoms develop only after the patient is sensitized.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

This explains the long asymptomatic period (up to 4 weeks) preceding the appearance of the first signs of the disease during the initial infection.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In cases of re-infection, a reaction to the pathogen may develop within 24 hours [24].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The development of protective immunity also explains the difficulty of re-infection in the experiment, as well as the fact that when re-infected, a significantly smaller amount is found on the patient's body ticks [25].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Itching in scabies is mainly due to an allergic reaction of type IV (delayed-type hypersensitivity) to saliva, eggs and tick excrement.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Scratching caused by itching often leads to the addition of bacterial flora (staphylococci and streptococci) with the development of pustules (pyoderma).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Thus, the rash with scabies acquires polymorphism.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Interestingly, the same allergens are found in household dust inhabited by microscopic household mites, which also feed on the human epithelium, which forms the basis of house dust [26] [27].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

With severe tick damage, the level of interleukin-4 increases [28].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Patients also have a Th2 type of immune response, which is associated with an increase in serum IgE and IgG in combination with eosinophilia.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

However, this pronounced humoral immune response does not have a significant protective effect [29].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

With scabies, the cellular immune response is more significant, which has been studied at the histological level: ticks are surrounded by an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of eosionophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes and a small number of neutrophils.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In the Norwegian form of scabies, severe hyperkeratosis is observed, and a large number of ticks are found in areas of inflammatory infiltrate (up to several million on the body of one patient).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Norwegian scabies occur in patients who do not feel severe itching, or are unable to perform scratching.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Such conditions occur in immunodeficiencies, when the immune response to ticks is sluggish (AIDS, regular intake of glucocorticosteroid and other immunosuppressive drugs), with impaired peripheral sensitivity (leprosy, syringomyelia, paralysis, dorsal dryness), constitutional anomalies of keratinization, as well as in infirm patients (senile dementia, malemia, limited mobility, etc.).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

With the prolonged existence of the infiltrate, so-called scabiotic lymphoplasia in the form of nodules (nodular scabies) is formed, when the infiltrates become very dense and are distributed around subcutaneous vessels and fatty tissue, resembling elements in lymphoma or pseudolymphoma.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Clinic


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

A characteristic, but not mandatory, clinical symptom of scabies is itchy skin, which increases in the evening.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

An erythematous papulosicular rash forms on the skin, pustular elements join when combing and crusts form with the formation of polymorphic rashes.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

A pathognomonic sign is the presence of scabies.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

As soon as the female tick hits human skin, she immediately begins to “dig” the passage in the stratum corneum of the skin at a speed of 0.5-5 mm per day.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

As a result, on closer examination, you can find whitish-gray lines slightly rising above the skin surface, ranging in size from 1 mm to 1 cm. The front blind end of the stroke is distinguishable by the presence of a tick in it, which is visible through the epidermis as a dark dot [1].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The scabies become visible after a few days when the host's peritunneling reaction is formed.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

More often, scabies can be found in the interdigital spaces, on the inside of the wrists and on the skin of the penis.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Sometimes scabies can not be detected (scabies without moves).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The primary rash is represented by small erythematous papules, which can be scattered or multiple, draining.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Over time, papules can transform into vesicular (vesicles), rarely bullous (pemphigoid) rash.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The severity of the rash does not correlate with the number of parasites, but is due to an allergic reaction to their waste products.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The rash is distributed most often (in descending order) in the interdigital spaces of the hands, on the flexor side of the wrists, in men quickly passes from the hands to the penis and scrotum.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Then the elbows, feet, armpits, areas under the breast in women, the umbilical region, the belt line, the buttocks are affected.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

As a result, the whole body can be involved, except for the face and scalp (although children under 3 years of age also affect these areas).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The presence of itching, primary rash and scabies is the main clinical symptom complex of a typical form of scabies.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Papules and vesicles often develop into secondary scabies: excoriations (scratching), eczematous elements, secondary pustular rashes and crusts.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

At the same time, primary and secondary elements coexist on the same patient.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In domestic dermatology, it is customary to identify characteristic eponymic symptoms that facilitate diagnosis:


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Ardi's symptom is pustules and purulent crusts on the elbows and in their circumference;


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Gorchakov's symptom - there are also bloody crusts;


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Michaelis's symptom is bloody crusts and impetiginous rashes in the intergluteal fold with a transition to the sacrum;


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Cesary's symptom is the detection of scabies in the form of a slight elevation on palpation.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Scratching often leads to severe bacterial infection of primary elements with the development of pyoderma, which in rare cases can lead to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and possibly to rheumatic heart disease [30] [31] [32] [33].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Sometimes pyoderma in scabies is accompanied by the appearance of boils, ectima and abscesses accompanied by lymphadenitis and lymphangitis.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

A number of patients develop microbial eczema or allergic dermatitis, which, along with pyoderma, are classified as complicated forms of scabies in domestic dermatology.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Complications of scabies in the form of dermatitis and pyoderma occur in about 50% of patients [1].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

With scabies, other complications are also described: impetigo, pyogenic pneumonia, septicemia, panaritium, erysipelas, orchiepididymitis, internal abscesses, regional lymphadenitis.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In children, especially infants, along with papulosicles and scabies, there is a vesicular rash, wetness develops, paronychia and onychia occur.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In infants in the first 6 months


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

life, the clinical picture of scabies often resembles urticaria and is characterized by a large number of blisters combed and covered in the center with a bloody crust, localized on the skin of the face, back, buttocks .


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Later, a small vesicular rash prevails, sometimes blisters (pemphigoid form).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In some cases, scabies in children resembles acute eczema, accompanied by intense itching not only in places where ticks are localized, but also in remote areas of the skin.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In this regard, sleep disorders are often noted, complications in the form of allergic dermatitis, pyoderma of the impetigo type are more common.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Lymphadenitis and lymphangitis may occur, leukocytosis and lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, ESR acceleration, albuminuria are observed.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Infants may develop sepsis.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In recent years, children have seen an increase in cases of atypical scabies with erased forms.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Approximately 7% of patients develop nodular (nodular) scabies [34], in which bluish-purple or brownish rounded skin seals are formed 2-20 mm in diameter.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

, which can last for several weeks even if they are free of parasites.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In fact, these seals are a special variant of scabies in the form of a lenticular papule [35].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The reason for the appearance of such elements is a special predisposition of the skin to respond to the stimulus by reactive hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue in the places where it accumulates most.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It predominates on the scrotum, penis, buttocks, elbows, anterior-axillary region, sometimes nodules form in the perianal region.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Nodular scabies are also called scabiotic lymphoplasia.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Since there are no live mites in the nodules, their formation is explained by the pronounced immuno-allergic reaction of the host body to their waste products.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In cases of re-invasion, there is a relapse of scabiotic lymphoplasia in the old places without a stroke.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Nodules are accompanied by severe itching and in some cases corticosteroid injections are used to treat them [34].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Atypical forms of scabies also include Norwegian scabies, scabies “clean” (scabies “incognito”) and pseudosarcoptosis.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Norwegian (cortical, crusty) scabies was first described by Norwegian doctors Beck and Danielssen (S. W. Boeck, D.S. Danielssen) in 1848 [36].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Norwegian scabies develop more often in people with predisposing disorders of immunity or skin sensitivity (see Fig. Pathogenesis), but in about 40% of cases it is observed in people who are not at risk, which suggests a possible genetic predisposition in such patients.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Eosinophilia is observed in 58% of patients with Norwegian scabies, an increase in IgE levels (an average of 17 times) is detected in 96% of cases.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Clinically, Norwegian scabies look like psoriasoform dermatitis with acral distribution and the presence of variable whitish scales.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Usually, subungual zones are also involved with the development of severe hyperkeratosis, leading to thickening and dystrophy of the nail plate.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In some cases, Norwegian scabies mainly affect the scalp, face, neck and buttocks.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

About half of patients with Norwegian scabies do not feel itchy at all [38].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Due to the fact that with Norwegian scabies, more than a million live parasites can exist on the patient's body (in typical forms, the average number of ticks is 15 individuals), this form of the disease is highly contagious [39].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Scabies “clean” or “incognito” scabies are detected in people who often wash themselves in everyday life or by the nature of their production activities.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

At the same time, most of the scabies mite population is mechanically removed from the patient's body.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The clinic of the disease corresponds to typical scabies with minimal severity of manifestations.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Complications often mask the true clinical picture of scabies.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Pyoderma and dermatitis are the most common, and microbial eczema and urticaria are less common.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Pseudosarcoptosis is a disease that occurs in humans when infected with scabies mites (S. scabiei other than var. homonis) from other mammals (more often dogs).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The disease is characterized by a short incubation period, the absence of scabies (ticks do not multiply on an unusual host), urticaria papules in open areas of the skin.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The disease is not transmitted from person to person (see Fig. Pseudosarcoptosis).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Diagnostics


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The diagnosis of scabies is made on the basis of clinical manifestations, epidemiological data, data from laboratory examination methods.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis is especially important when the clinical picture is erased.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

There are the following methods for laboratory confirmation of the disease [40]:


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Traditional extraction of the tick with a needle from the blind end of the scabies, followed by microscopy of the pathogen.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

This method is ineffective in the study of old dilapidated papules.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The method of thin sections of the stratum corneum of the epidermis in the area of scabies during microscopy makes it possible to identify not only the tick, but also its eggs.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The method of layer-by-layer scraping from the blind end of the scabies until blood appears.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

With subsequent microscopy of the material.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The method of alkaline skin preparation, with the application of an alkaline solution to the skin, followed by aspiration of macerated skin and microscopy.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In each case, when a patient complains of itchy skin, scabies should be ruled out first, especially if itching occurs in other family members or an organized team.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Detection of scabies reliably confirms the diagnosis.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

To fully confirm the diagnosis, it is recommended to open the scabies with a scalpel covered with an oily substance, gently scratching the stratum corneum of the skin with a blade along the scabies.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The obtained scrapings are placed on a slide and microscoped.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The best results are obtained by scraping “fresh”, uncombed scabies at the interdigital spaces of the hands.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Although this method has 100% specificity, its sensitivity is not high.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Potassium chloride makes it possible to dissolve keratin, contributing to better detection of ticks and eggs, but it dissolves tick excrement, which also has diagnostic value.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Scabies are easier to detect if you paint the skin with iodine tincture - the passages are visualized in the form of brown stripes against a background of light brown healthy skin.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Abroad, ink is used for this purpose.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The video dermatoscope with a magnification of 600 times makes it possible to detect scabies in almost all cases [41].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Due to the fact that ticks are not always detected, a number of authors propose the following practical approach for diagnosis: the diagnosis of scabies is established in the presence of a papulosicular rash, pustular elements and itchy skin (especially worse at night), as well as with a positive family history [10].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Treatments


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Treatment of patients with scabies is aimed at destroying the pathogen with acaricidal drugs (scabicides).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Experience shows that there are no relapses with scabies, the reasons for the resumption of the disease are re-invasion from untreated contact persons in or outside the focus, the patient's insufficiency of treatment due to non-compliance with treatment regimens, partial treatment of the skin, reduction in the duration of the course of therapy.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Treatment should be done exclusively under the guidance of a doctor.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

All patients living together should be treated at the same time.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It is necessary to strictly adhere to the treatment scheme described in the instructions for the drug or as the doctor prescribes.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The drug is applied to the whole body, except for the face and scalp, and in children under 3 years of age, these areas must also be treated.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It is important to cut your nails briefly and apply the drug thickly under them (when combing under the nails, itchy eggs accumulate).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Rubbing any drug is carried out by hand, which is due to the high number of scabies on the hands.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

If the perineum and groin are densely covered with hair, it is better to rub the drug with a brush.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Treatment should be carried out in the evening, which is due to the nocturnal activity of the pathogen.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It is recommended to wash the patient before and at the end of the course of treatment, if necessary, the patient can wash off the drug every morning, while its exposure to the skin should be at least 12 hours, including the whole night period.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The change of underwear and bed linen is carried out at the end of the course of therapy.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

A 10-day quarantine is desirable for children, schoolchildren, soldiers, etc.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

After 2 weeks, a second examination of the doctor is recommended to resolve the issue of a second course of treatment.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In the Russian Federation, in accordance with SanPiN 3.2.1333-03, all family members of a person with scabies and persons living with patients in the same room are subject to preventive treatment.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

If more than three cases of scabies are registered in an organized team at the same time, preventive treatment is carried out to the whole team.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Children and schoolchildren are not allowed to enter organized children's groups and schools for the period of treatment [42].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Currently, there are few evidence-based clinical trials on the comparative efficacy of scabicides.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Therefore, drug preferences vary from country to country [43].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Thus, in the USA, Great Britain and Australia, in most cases, a cream with 5% permethrin is used.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In developing countries and in Russia, the main agent is an inexpensive water-soap suspension or ointment of benzyl benzoate (10% or 25%, in the Russian Federation 20%) [44].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

To a much lesser extent, monosulfiram (25%), malathion (5%), lindane (0.3-1%), crotamion (10%) [45] [46] are used in the world.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In recent years, the French drug Spregal has been very popular in Russia [47].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In the poorest countries, sulfur ointment is still used.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

[46] [48] Ivermectin has become a revolutionary new drug for the treatment of ectoparasites (especially Norwegian forms of scabies) [49] [50].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Brief description of individual drugs:


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

1) Benzyl benzoate first appeared in medical practice as part of Peruvian balm.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Today it is used in the form of various dosage forms prepared ex tempore or industrially.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In Russia, this is a water-soap suspension and emulsion ointment, abroad - soap-alcohol solutions, oil suspensions, aqueous solutions with the addition of DDT and anesthesin.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It has been experimentally proven that after a single treatment with benzyl benzoate, all active stages of the tick die.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Eggs, however, survive.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Taking into account the maximum period of stay of larvae in the egg (58 hours), an etiologically justified treatment regimen with benzyl benzoate is proposed: a water-soap suspension or ointment is thoroughly rubbed with hands once a day to night on the first and fourth days of the course.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Washing and changing underwear and bed linen is recommended on the 5th day.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The second and third days of the course are successfully used to treat complications associated with scabies.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

For the death of the active stages of ticks and embryos, an 8-10-hour exposure of the drug is sufficient.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In this regard, patients can wash themselves in the morning.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The overall efficacy (cure) under the standard scheme does not exceed 50%, so courses often have to be repeated after 10 days.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Common side effects include local skin irritation with a burning sensation [51].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

2) Pyrethrins and pyrethroids.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Pyrethrins are the active ingredient here.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It is they who enter plates, spirals and fumigators against midges, into insecticidal sprays.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

They are also effective as scabicides.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In most developed countries, pyrethroid permethrin is the preferred drug for the treatment of scabies due to its low toxicity and high scabicidal activity [52] [53].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In the US, permethrin has been used to treat scabies since 1989. According to Cochran data, permethrin is the most effective anti-scabies agent for external use [43].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It kills both active forms of ticks and eggs, so it is often enough to use it once (more than 95% of the cure [54]).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In Russia, permethrin is registered under the name Medifox (5% and 20%), but its quality is significantly inferior to foreign permethrin (5%).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Therefore, the treatment protocol (Order of the Ministry of Health No. 162 of April 24, 2003) is different.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Medifox is applied to the skin of the entire body on days 1, 2 and 3 of treatment.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

A constant concentration and dose of permethrin is used: 0.4% aqueous emulsion prepared ex tempore by adding 8 ml of 5% permethrin concentrate to 100 ml of boiled water at room temperature.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The drug is canceled at the end of the course of treatment, as well as in the event of an allergic reaction, contact dermatitis.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The synthetic pyrethroid is also part of Spregal.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Spregal is a combined French drug.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The active principle is esdepaletrin, a neurotoxic poison that disrupts the cationic metabolism of arthropod nerve cell membranes.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The second component, piperonyl butoxide, enhances the effect of esdepaletrin.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The preparation is sprayed overnight on the entire surface of the body, except for the face and scalp, from a distance of 20-30 cm from the skin surface.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Spregal is rubbed especially carefully into places of favorite localization of scabies (hands, wrists, feet, elbows).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

When localizing rashes on the face, they are treated with a cotton swab moistened with the preparation.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Avoid getting the drug on the mucous membranes.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

When treating children, a napkin covers the mouth and nose.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

After 12 hours, wash thoroughly with soap and water.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

3) Lindane is registered in the Russian Federation as Yakutin (Merck, Germany), and is almost not on sale [55].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It is widely used in the world because the drug is inexpensive.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

However, since the 1970s, a lot of data has accumulated on its neurotoxic side effects (therefore, it has been banned for use as a pesticide in the EU since 2001), so lindane should be prescribed with caution, in the absence of alternatives [8].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Safety measures for Lindane:


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

do not apply immediately after taking a bath/shower;


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

is applied for no more than 6 hours. ;


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

do not reapply the drug at short intervals;


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

it is necessary to ensure that children do not suck on their fingers;


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

it is used with extreme caution in newborns, pregnant women, with severe scratching and excoriative skin changes (as in eczema, ichthyosis, psoriasis), in patients with convulsive disorders and other neurological diseases.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

4) Crotamion is registered in the Russian Federation as Eurax (Bristol-Myers Squibb, USA), which is also unpopular [55].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

According to randomized clinical trials, it is much less effective than Permethrin [56].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Of the side effects, short erythema and conjunctivitis are possible.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

5) Sulfur ointment (5-10%).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Currently, in developed countries, it is no longer used due to unpleasant odors, dyeing clothes, irritating effects on the skin and mucous membranes, percutaneous absorption with potential effects on kidneys.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

However, in Africa and the poorest countries in South Africa.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

America's sulfuric ointment is still used due to its cheapness [8].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Until now, sulfur ointment is prescribed in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Application regimen: adults 20% concentration, children 10%, ointment rubbed all over the skin daily at night for 5-7 days.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

On the sixth or eighth day, the patient washes and changes his underwear and bed linen.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

6) Ivermectin is a complex of active substances from a relatively new antiparasitic group of avermectins, used in various preparations as an anti-scabies.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Preparations are produced in the form of ointments for external use, as well as 1% solution for injection (injected subcutaneously.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

For many years, it has been used for the successful treatment of helminthiases (especially filariasis).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It also kills many external parasites (itching, demodex, lice, etc.).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The side effects are minor and rare.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

No teratogenic and genotoxic effects were noted.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Ivermectin is a synthetic derivative of avermectin (macrolytic lactone).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

It paralyzes the parasite by binding to its specific neurotransmitter receptor, which disrupts the functioning of peripheral motor synapses.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

At the biochemical level, glutamate-dependent anion channels and GABA-dependent chloride channels are blocked).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The drug is extremely effective: with a single use, 70% of patients are cured, and with a second dose after 2 weeks - more than 95%.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Comparative clinical studies show that ivermectin is as effective as lindane [57] [58], benzyl benzoate [59] [60] and permethrin [54].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

However, it has so far been approved for the treatment of human scabies only in France, Brazil and several other countries.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

At the same time, it is recommended almost everywhere, including the United States, as the drug of choice for the treatment of Norwegian scabies (200 μg/kg twice) [61] [62] [63].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In many countries, ivermectin is kept in reserve for the treatment of the most complex forms of scabies to avoid the development of mass resistance of ticks to the drug.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Cases of resistance have been described in many countries where the drug is widely and uncontrollably used, including in agriculture.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Due to the presence of side effects, many scabicides are actively looking for safer alternatives [64].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The oils of a number of plants have shown an impressive effect both in vitro and in field trials.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

For example, tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) demonstrated a high scabicidal effect in vitro [65], and a paste made from extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) and turmeric (Curcuma) longa), led to the cure of 790 (97%) patients with scabies in one of the pilot trials [66].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Clinical trials in Nigeria have revealed a very high scabicidal effect in Lippia multiflora shrub oil [67].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

After the complete extermination of ticks, itching and individual elements of the rash can persist for several more weeks (nodules persist especially for a long time), which is due to the immuno-allergic nature scabies rash.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

To relieve these symptoms, the doctor may prescribe antipruritic, antihistamines, and corticosteroids.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

When bacterial flora is attached, drugs based on antibiotics, such as neomycin and bacitracin (Baneocin), can be prescribed [68].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

A note on treatment for pregnant women:


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In the US and Europe, pregnant women are not recommended to be treated with drugs such as Spregal, benzyl benzoate is prescribed to a limited extent, and only permethrin is prescribed without restrictions [8].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In Russia, on the contrary, pregnant women are prescribed mainly benzyl benzoate and Spregal, while permethrin (medifox), according to domestic instructions, is contraindicated.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Prevention


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The scope of preventive measures is determined depending on the epidemiological situation.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

If scabies are detected, an emergency notification form is filled out and the SES authorities at the patient's place of residence are notified [69].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Individuals from one focus are treated together to prevent re-infection.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

All persons in contact with the affected undergo a single preventive treatment of the skin with anti-mite drugs [69].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

After treating the patient, many guides recommend the treatment of all things and linen with which the patient came into contact (special sprays, washing in hot water).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

According to the data on the survival of scabies mites in the external environment, as well as due to the extremely low probability of transmission of scabies through household items (indirect contact transmission route), the data recommendations are discussed on a case-by-case basis.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

[8] The latest guidelines do not recommend treating mattresses, upholstered furniture and carpets; bed linen and underwear should be spread in hot water if it has been used less than 48 hours since it has been used.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Note: Contrary to a common misconception, scabies are not associated with poor hygiene.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The scabies mite is not susceptible to water or soap.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

With daily shower/bath, the number of ticks and the likelihood of infection do not decrease [70].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Forecast


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

If the immune status is maintained, the disease does not pose an immediate threat to life.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Timely adequate treatment can completely eliminate the symptoms and consequences of the disease.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The ability to work is fully restored.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In rare cases, mainly seen in the poorest countries, complicated scabies can lead to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and possibly rheumatic heart disease (see section “Clinic”) .


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

In children, scabies can be complicated by severe pyoderma and sepsis, up to the death of the patient [71].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

The prognosis for Norwegian scabies is doubtful, the treatment is ineffective, and deaths due to intoxication of the patient, damage to cardiac activity are not uncommon.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Can I get scabies from a dog or cat?


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Other mammals (dogs, cats, ungulates, livestock, etc.) can be infected with various varieties of the Sarcoptes scabiei tick that can be transmitted to humans.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

This creates a picture similar to localized skin scabies caused by the human variant of itching (S. scabiei var. hominis).


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

However, all other species of the tick are not able to complete the full life cycle on human skin, so such scabies are short and do not require treatment with scabicides [48] [72].


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

See the Clinic section for pseudosarcoptosis.


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Notes


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Literature


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (reg.)


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

References


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Category:Diseases of the skin and its appendages


Question: Where is scabies most common?

scabies

Category:Acariases


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Staraya Russa is a city (since 1167 [1]) in the Novgorod region of Russia.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

It is a city of regional significance [2] and the administrative center of the Starorussky municipal district and the urban settlement Municipal Formation “City of Staraya Russa”.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Until 1552 it was called Rusa [3].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

On April 6, 2015, by decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin, the city was awarded the honorary title of City of Military Glory.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Staraya Russa is the largest settlement in Starorussky District and the third largest city in the Novgorod Region in terms of the number of inhabitants.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Population — people


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

As of 1994 [4] —2003, the area of the city was 24 km², and since 2005 it was 18.54 km² [5].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The head of the city of Staraya Russa (Chairman of the Council of Deputies) since October 9, 2018 is Boyakova Nina Petrovna [6].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Name etymology


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Many assumptions are associated with the name of the city Staraya Russa (until the 16th century — Ruse), but the most developed is the version presented by linguists R. A. Ageeva, V. L. Vasiliev, M. IN. Gorbanevsky, who believe that the original name of the city (Ruse) comes from the hydronym - the Porusya River (which in ancient times was called Rusa).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The name of the river, in turn, remains from the Baltic tribes that previously lived here.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The modern name of the city — Staraya Russa — has been recorded in written sources since the 16th century and is firmly fixed only in the XIX century in connection with the emergence of settlements (also associated with salt production), called “Novaya Russa” [7].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The same researchers point out that according to the “Tale of Sloven and Ruse” [8], the city was named after the legendary hero named Rus, who settled on this place in 2395 BC.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

According to experts, this story is a late medieval book toponymic legend.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Geography


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The city is located at the confluence of the Porusya River into the Polist River (Lake Ilmen basin), 99 km from Veliky Novgorod (along the bypass road), 48 km east of Shimsk, 20 km west of Parfino and 64 km north of Poddorye.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

History


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Establishment of the city


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

To date, the question remains open about the time of the emergence of the city of Staraya Russa [9] [10].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

There is a late medieval legend that the city was founded by a descendant of Prince Scythian, Prince Rus, brother of Prince Sloven [8].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

For the first time in the chronicle, Staraya Russa is mentioned in 1167 [11], but the city appeared earlier at the confluence of the Polist and Porusya rivers in the Southern Priilmenye [12].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Birch bark certificate No. 526 found in Novgorod in 1975 confirms the existence of Rusa in the middle of the XI century: “On Boyana in Rose gr (i) vna, on Zhitob (o) ude in Rose 13 kone and gr (s) in truth...” [13].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Not much younger — the last quarter of the 11th century — and the oldest birch bark letter found in Ruse itself (fragment of the debt list, No. 13) [14].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Currently, known archaeological sources allow us to date the time of the emergence of Staraya Russa to the end of the 10th and early 11th centuries.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

At the present stage of archaeological study of the ancient center of the Southern Ilmenye, not only the question of the time of the emergence of Staraya Russa remains unresolved, but also about the localization of the oldest settlements, the nature of the fortifications and the topography of the city [10].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In the 11th century, the center of Staraya Russa was located near the main gate of the resort near open mineral springs, near the intersection of modern Mineralnaya and Svaroga streets [15].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Artifacts of the 11th century were also found on Cathedral Square [16].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Participants of the III All-Russian Archaeological Congress (Staraya Russa; October 24—29, 2011) within the framework of the round table [17] supported the petition of the administration of the Starorussky municipal district and the city Staraya Russa in front of the administration of the Novgorod Region and the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation on the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the history of Staraya Russa in 2015 [18].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The Governor of the Novgorod Region S. G. On May 31, 2012, Mitin addressed the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Yu.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

S. Osipov with a request “... to support the petition to celebrate the millennium of the city of Staraya Russa in 2015” [19].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Novgorod Republic (12th—15th centuries)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Until the first mention in the annals in 1167, the history of the city can only be judged by archaeological data.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

According to the excavations, Rusa in the 11th-12th centuries had regularly updated wooden pavements and developed urban culture.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Citizens were actively engaged in salt production, trade and crafts.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Since the end of the 12th century, chronicles began to regularly report on events related to the city.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1192, the future archbishop of Novgorod, Abbot Martiriy, founded the Transfiguration Monastery.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1194, the city suffered a major fire.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1198, the first stone church, the Transfiguration Cathedral, was founded.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1199—1201, city fortifications were built in Ruse [11].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1234, during a raid, a Lithuanian army penetrated the city, but the combined forces of citizens, merchants, gridi and flint repelled the attack [11].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1456, Moscow troops captured the city during the Moscow-Novgorod war and defeated the Novgorod army trying to liberate Rusa (the battle of Rusa), after which Novgorod made concessions and was Yazhelbitsky peace is concluded.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In March 1471, the city was plundered by Prince Mikhail Olelkovich of Lutsk.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In the same year, during the campaign of Dmitry Kholmsky and Fedor Khromoy, Rusa was captured and burned by Moscow troops.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Tsardom of Moscow (15th—17th centuries)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

1478 — Rusa, together with all Novgorod lands, became part of the Principality of Moscow after the campaigns of Grand Duke Ivan III of Moscow.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1565, Ivan the Terrible singled Staraya Rusa into opric lands, which saved it from opric terror.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Rich salt mines remained the basis of the city's economy.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In the last quarter of the 16th century, the city entered a long period of decline.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In February 1581, during the Livonian War, it was captured and almost completely burned by Polish-Lithuanian troops, which ravaged its environs [20].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In the autumn of 1608, Staraya Russa was captured by the detachments of False Dmitry II, but in the spring of 1609, during a campaign to Moscow, the Russian-Swedish detachment under the command of Fedor Chulkov and Evert Horn beats Rusa from the Tushins.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1611, the city, together with Novgorod and the adjacent territory, fell into the zone of Swedish occupation.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

By the time Staraya Russa returned, among other lands under the Stolbovo Peace Treaty in 1617, the city was completely torn apart and had only 38 residents [21] [22].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Russian empire


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1693, 21-year-old Peter I, with the permission of his mother, went to Arkhangelsk and on the way drove to Staraya Rusa.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

He ordered to find ways to develop the Old Russian salt production.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

He visited the city for the second time in 1724.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

When the Russian Empire was divided into the province in 1708, the city became part of the Ingermanland (from 1710 — St. Petersburg) province.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Since 1719 it was part of the Novgorod Province, since 1727 — as part of the province of the same name of the Novgorod Province.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1763, a fire broke out in Staraya Rusa, which destroyed all wooden buildings, after which the city was built up according to plan on the right bank of the Polist River.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

On February 15, 1776, Staraya Russa was granted a coat of arms, and it was declared a county town.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1785, a balneo-mud resort was founded in the city.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1831, a bloody cholera riot took place in Staraya Rusa [23].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1878, railway communication with the city was opened [24].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city became known as Staraya Russa (with a double “s”).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Soviet period


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

After the events of October 1917 in Petrograd in Staraya Russa, Soviet power was established on November 3-5, 1917.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

During the Civil War, from February 24 to July 1919, the headquarters of the Western Front of the Red Army was located in Staraya Russa at the resort [25].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Since August 1, 1927, Staraya Russa became part of the Novgorod District of the Leningrad Region, becoming the administrative center of the newly formed Starorussky District (July 23, 1930, the division into districts in The USSR was abolished) [21].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of September 19, 1939, Staraya Russa became a city of regional subordination [21]


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

During the Great Patriotic War from August 9, 1941 to February 18, 1944, Staraya Russa was occupied by German troops [21].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The city was located near the front line and was heavily destroyed.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Soviet troops repeatedly tried to unsuccessfully seize Staraya Russa by February 23, 1942.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Later, there was also an unsuccessful Old Russian operation in March 1943 and August 1943.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

On February 18, 1944, Staraya Russa was liberated by the troops of the 1st Shock Army of the 2nd Baltic Front during the Starorussko-Novorzhevskaya offensive.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

By the time of liberation, there were no residents left in the destroyed city; by the end of 1944, there were 5,000 of them [26].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of July 5, 1944, the city of Staraya Russa and the entire Starorussky District were included in the newly formed Novgorod Region [21].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

On February 16, 1984, Staraya Russa was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I degree [4].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Post-Soviet period


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

On June 9—10, 2015, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna, the Head of the Russian Imperial House, visited the city as part of the 1000th anniversary of the city [28].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In January 2019, the city of Staraya Russa applied for its inclusion in the Hanseatic League of Modern Times [29].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Climate


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

population


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

According to the results of the All-Union Population Census of the USSR in 1959, 11,197 men and 14,212 women.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Total — 25,409 people [30];


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Economics


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Businesses


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Product sales in 2009 (RUB million) ):


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

123 Aircraft Repair Plant JSC — 1007.6


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Zavod Khimmash LLC — 213.1 (Until 2012 — FSUE Khimmash Plant of the Russian Academy of Sciences)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Staroruspribor OJSC — 273.0


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Delta-Sticks LLC — 235.5


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Fortuna LLC (canned meat and fruits and vegetables) — 43.0


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Starorussky Myasnoy Dvor LLC — 467.7


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Starorusskoe District Consumer Society (sausages, bakery and confectionery) — 41.7


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

OAO MIZ Krasnogvardeets — 13.5.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Lakto-Novgorod LLC shipped goods of its own production for 229.2 million rubles and in September-December 2009, the cost of processed tolling raw materials amounted to only 75.1 million rubles.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Staraya Russa Resort CJSC


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

MTS Starorusskaya Municipal Unitary Enterprise


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Starorussky ARZ OJSC and RKTM ST CJSC RKTM SPb (for the production of cold metal products and various building profiles) (located on the territory of Novoselsky rural settlement, outside the territory of St. Staraya Russa)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Rus LLC


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Starorussky Khleb


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Starorussky KPP


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Teploenergo branch of St. Staraya Russa and Starorussky District” (electric power industry)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Municipal unitary enterprise “Starorusskaya printing house”


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

ZMK Starorussky


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 2009, goods and services were produced for a total amount of 2.96 billion rubles. (“Staraya Russa” newspaper, 27.03.2010).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Transportation


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Oktyabrskaya Railway railway station, on the line (Moscow) — Bologoye-Moskovskoye — Valdai — Staraya Russa — Dno-1 — Pskov.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

From 1922 to 1941, the city operated a tram line from the station to the resort.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

During the war, it was completely destroyed.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In addition, during the war, the Staraya Russa-Shimsk-Novgorod railway line was completely destroyed (so far it has not been restored).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

There is a bus station in Staraya Russa, located in the immediate vicinity of the railway station.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

There are several flights a day from the bus station to Veliky Novgorod and St. Petersburg, as well as other settlements of the Novgorod Region, both departing from Staraya Russa and transit.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Until 1995, there was a Staraya Russa-Veliky Novgorod water route across the Polist River and Lake Ilmen by high-speed hydrofoils (travel time 1.5 hours).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

City architecture


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Church architecture


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Before the revolution, there were 21 Orthodox churches, 2 synagogues, 1 Lutheran church, and a church in Staraya Russa.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Church of the Miraculous Icon of the Old Russian Mother of God (1889)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Dukhovskaya Church


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Civil architecture


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Grushenka's house (50-60 years of the XIX century)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Historical and cultural monuments


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The cultural layer of St. Staraya Russa (Monument code: 5310129000) of the 11th-15th centuries territory bounded by the Pererytitsa and Polist rivers, Aleksandrovskaya and Mineralnaya streets and Komsomolsky Lane [31].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The ensemble of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery (XII century)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

St. George's Church (XV century)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Trinity Church (XVII century)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Resurrection Cathedral (17th century)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The house-museum of F. M. Dostoyevsky


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Monument to Fyodor Dostoyevsky


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Health resort


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Monument to the Valiant Wilmanstrand (Eagle)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Church of the Great Martyr Mina (XIV c.)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Museum of the novel “The Brothers Karamazov” (opened on July 14, 2018) [32].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Staraya Russa is in second place (after Novgorod) in terms of the number of birch bark letters found — 48 [33] [34].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The resolution of the II All-Russian Conference “Preservation and Revival of Small Historical Cities” (Novgorod Region, St. Staraya Russa; 30 September — 1 October 2010), the following was included:


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

To support the initiative of the administration of the municipality “City of Staraya Russa” to install a monument to Russa, the epic founder of the Russian people and the founder of the city, in Staraya Russa and recommend that the administration of the Staraya Russa City MO organize an all-Russian competition for the creation of a monument [35].


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Conferences, festivals and conventions held in Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

II All-Russian Conference “Preservation and Revival of Small Historical Cities” (Novgorod Region, St. Staraya Russa; September 30 — October 1, 2010);


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

I International Festival of Russian Music in Staraya Russa (September 19 — October 1, 2011) [36];


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

III (XIX) All-Russian Archaeological Congress (October 24-29, 2011) [37];


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Every spring, Staraya Russa hosts the International Readings “Dostoevsky and Modernity” [38], and in autumn, the International Festival of Chamber Performances based on the works of F. M. Dostoevsky [39];


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Balloonists Festival n.a.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Mikhail Pomortsev (May 17-19, 2013).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Since 2015, the city has been hosting the Knyazhya Bratchina festival, which includes performances by folk bands and clubs of historical reconstruction.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Photo


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Monument to the Valiant Wilmanstranders


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Holy Trinity Church


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The resort.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Pre-revolutionary postcard


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The water tower on Sobornaya Square, built in 1908—1909


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Commemorative coin with a nominal value of 10 rubles,


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Ancient Cities of Russia series, 2002


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Cities of Military Glory series, 2016


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Famous people connected to the city


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

See Category:People: Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Alekhin (Maslovsky) Gleb Viktorovich (1907—1987) - writer.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich (1821-1881) - Russian writer.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

The owner of Colonel A. Gribbe since 1876


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Dubrovin, Vladimir Dmitrievich (1857-1879) - revolutionary populist.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Warrant Officer of the 86th Wilmanstrand Regiment, stationed in Staraya Russa.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Medvedev, Alexander Filippovich (1916 − 1984) - archaeologist, specialist in medieval weapons.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1966, under the leadership of A. F. Medvedev began large-scale excavations in Staraya Russa, which he conducted until 1978.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Merpert, Nikolai Yakovlevich (1922-2012) - Soviet and Russian archaeologist.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1941 he participated in the battles near Staraya Russa.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Mironova, Valentina Grigoryevna (1943—2002) — archaeologist.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In the 1960s, she was an employee of the Old Russian Archaeological Expedition, which she headed from 1985 to 1997.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Pylaev, Vladimir Alexandrovich (1888-1937) - archpriest of the Dukhovskaya and St. George churches, local historian.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Tomsky, Nikolai Vasilyevich (Grishin) (1900-1984) - Soviet muralist sculptor, author of many famous monuments of the Soviet era, full member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (1949; President since 1968 until 1983), full member of the Academy of Arts of the GDR, Hero of Socialist Labor (1970), Rector of the Academy of Arts (1964-1970).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Shults, Mikhail Mikhailovich (1919-2006) - Russian Soviet physico-chemist, full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (RAS), Hero of Socialist Labor (1991).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Lukyanova, Marina Mikhailovna (b. 1960) - Soviet and Russian portrait painter.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

People from Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

See Category:People born in Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Arefiev, Pyotr Alekseevich (1913-1950) - Hero of the Soviet Union, squadron commander.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Blinnikov, Sergey Alexandrovich (1907—1985) - Hero of the Soviet Union, commander of the 107th separate battalion of the Perekopsk Red Banner Brigade.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Brodyuk, Vladimir Vladimirovich (1920—1946) - Hero of the Soviet Union, commander of a reconnaissance platoon of the 12th Red Banner Marine Brigade of the Northern Fleet.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Varlamov, Evgeny Viktorovich (1976—) - Russian ice hockey player, champion of Russia.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Vilinbakhov, Vadim Borisovich — famous anti-Norman historian; Vilinbakhov's father G. V. — Chairman of the Heraldic Council under the President of the Russian Federation.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Vyazinin, Ivan Nikolaevich (1923-2005) - historian and local historian, author of books about Staraya Russa.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Honorary Citizen (2000).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Glinka, Vladislav Mikhailovich (1903—1983) - writer and scientist.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Egorov, Alexander Alexandrovich (1903—1988) - Soviet military leader, major general (1943).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Marchenko, Vyacheslav Ivanovich (1930-1996) - Soviet writer.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Melnikov, Alexey Nikolaevich (1905—1964) — People's Hero of Yugoslavia, Major General


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Naumova, Mariana Aleksandrovna (b. 1999), Russian powerlifting athlete — bench press.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Master of Sports of Russia of international class.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Honored Master of Sports of the Donetsk People's Republic.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Svarog, Vasily Semyonovich (1883-1946) - Soviet artist.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Yakovlev, Nikolai Dmitrievich (1898-1972) - marshal of artillery.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Yaremenko, Ivan Ivanovich (1907—1945) - Soviet military leader, colonel.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Krasovsky, Leonid Viktorovich (1922—) - participant of the Second World War, completed his military service in 1986 as Inspector General of Missile Forces and Artillery.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Participant of the Victory Parade in 1995.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I and II degrees, three Orders of the Red Star, the Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces” III degree, many medals, including two medals “For Combat merit.”


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Zakharov, Nikolai Alexandrovich (b. 1990) is a famous traveler, one of the residents of the Novgorod Geographical Society, known for his work on the stone labyrinths of the Kola Peninsula.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Cherkasov, Alexander Alexandrovich (1834—1895) - writer, mayor of Barnaul from 1886 to 1894, mayor of Yekaterinburg from 1894 to 1895.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Dead (or buried) in Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Kamorny, Yuri Yuryevich [40] (1944—1981) - famous Soviet film actor.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Kashevarova-Rudneva, Varvara Alexandrovna (1843—1899) - the first Russian woman doctor to receive higher education.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Kurdakov, Evgeny Vasilyevich (1940-2002) - poet, researcher, laureate of the Pushkin Prize in 1997 and 1999, academician of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

He was buried in Staraya Russa.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Fedor Karlovich von Fricken (1780-1849) - Russian general, participant of the Napoleonic Wars.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

In 1811, with the rank of major, he was the commander of the Old Russian Reserve Brigade, and when it was sent to the army, he formed a reserve battalion of the grenadier count Arakcheev regiment.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

One of the organizers of military settlements in Staraya Russa.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

He was buried on the territory of the Old Russian Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery (the grave was lost during the hostilities in the Great Patriotic War).


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Togon Sanzhievich Sanzhiev (1904 - June 26, 1942) - Soviet sniper, Buryats by nationality, participant in the Great Patriotic War, sergeant.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Honorary citizens of the city


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Ivan Ilyich Missan is a Soviet military leader, a participant in the defense of the city during the Great Patriotic War.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Honorary Citizen since 1942.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Nikolai Vasilyevich Tomsky is a famous Soviet sculptor, President of the Academy of Arts of the USSR.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Honorary Citizen since 1967.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Sister cities


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

: Loimaa,


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

: Bad Kreuznach


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

: Valga


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

: Canandagua


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

: Kirovsk


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

See also


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Old Russian icon of the Mother of God


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Wilmanstrand 86th Infantry Regiment


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Counterstrike near Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Old Russian operation


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Coat of arms of Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Mayata Town


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Notes


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Literature


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

References


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Laptev A. YU.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Laptev A. YU.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Nesin M. A. Battle of Rusa on February 3, 1456: Battleground and Tactics of Moscow Troops [Electronic resource] //History of Military Affairs: Research and Sources.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

— 2014.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

— T. V. — P. 96—113.


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

“THE WORLD” (18.06.2014


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Princes Brotherhood festival website


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Category:Populated places in Starorussky District


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Category:Renamed settlements in Russia


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Category:Cities of Ancient Rus


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Category:District centers of Novgorod Oblast


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Category:Russian Silver Ring


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Category:Cities from the List of Russian Cities Far and Near


Question: What country did the city of Staraya Russa belong to?

Staraya Russa

Category:Holocaust Locations in Russia


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

Smolensk Regional Organization of the Komsomol

Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League (Komsomol) is a socio-political youth organization on the territory of the Smolensk region during the USSR, regional branch of the Komsomol (Komsomol) in the Smolensk region.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

Establishment of the RKSM in Smolensk Province


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

The first youth associations


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

In 1911-1912, a number of illegal circles of students were created in Smolensk.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

For the most part, these were spontaneous, unorganized youth associations.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

Basically, their activities were limited to the study of Marxist and other banned political literature [1].


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

After the February Revolution of 1917, the activities of youth circles became noticeably more active.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

New socialist youth associations are being created in a number of districts of the Smolensk province.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

At this time, Boris Kuznetsov, a prominent Komsomol worker in the future, was elected chairman of the organization of students of lower educational institutions of Smolensk [2].


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

In July-August 1917, at the VI Congress of the RSDLP (b), a resolution “On Youth Unions” was adopted, which provided for the creation of independent organizations of proletarian youth, leading under the leadership of party committees propaganda of ideas of socialism among young people [3].


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

After the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, a new stage began in the history of the youth movement related to the Komsomol.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

On April 6, 1918, the Smolensk organization of the Union of Working Youth “III International” was established in the city.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

B.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

Zeitlin.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

Nikolay Chaplin, Boris Kuznetsov, Joseph Greifenberger, Joseph Flax, M. Akhmanov, Elizar Ginzburg [4].


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

Similar youth unions appeared in other cities of the province: in Yartsevo (organized by P. Ulyanov A. Sokolova), Gzhatske (S. Vershinin), Roslavle (K. Shanin), Vyazma (M. Korchevskaya), Sychevka [5].


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

Creation of the RKSM in Smolensk


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

The first All-Russian Congress of Unions of Workers and Peasants Youth opened in Moscow on October 29, 1918.


Question: When was the Smolensk Regional Organization of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League founded?

This day is considered the founding day of the Komsomol.