Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

A bronze statue of Apollo and a bust of Diana have also been preserved (originals in the Museum of Naples, copies in Pompeii).


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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An Ionic column for sundials was erected to the left of the altar during the time of Augustus.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Fortune Augustus Temple and Caligula Arch


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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It is located at the end of Forum Street, which runs from the Tiberius Arch to the north-west.


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The small temple with a facade of 4 Corinthian columns was built at the expense of Mark Tullius's duumvir on his own land.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Inside the temple, there are several niches for statues of Augustus, his family, and possibly Tullius himself.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Behind the temple, Forum Street continues as Mercury Street.


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At its beginning, the triumphal arch of Caligula (ruled in 37-41 AD) was installed, made of bricks and lined with travertine (the remains of the cladding have been preserved only at the base).


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Next to the arch, an equestrian statue of the emperor was found, probably on it.


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Other buildings


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To the south-west of the Temple of Jupiter there were public latrines, warehouses for grain trade (now they store archaeological finds) and a weight one - a storage place for standards of Roman units of measurement, according to which checked the ones used by merchants on the forum.


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Public buildings complex in the theater district


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Triangular forum


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A triangular area surrounded by a colonnade of 95 Ionic columns.


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In the northern corner there were propylaea with 6 Ionic columns, in the east it connects with the Samnite Palestine, the Bolshoi Theater and, along a long staircase, with the Quadriportic.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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On the square there is a 6th-century BC Greek temple.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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(so called Doric Temple), dedicated to Hercules, the mythical founder of the city.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The temple measured 21 by 28 m, was built of tuff, and a narrow staircase led to it on the south side.


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There was a sundial behind the temple.


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It is surrounded on all sides by a colonnade: 7 columns on the short side and 11 on the long side.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Samnite palestra


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According to the dedicatory inscription, it was built by Duumvir Vivius Vinicius in the second half of the 2nd century BC.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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On three sides, it was surrounded by a portico, on the south side there was a pedestal where the award ceremonies were held, and utility rooms were attached on the west side.


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Due to its small size, by the era of Augustus it ceased to accommodate everyone, after which the Great Palestra was built.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Temple of Isis


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In the center of the courtyard, surrounded by a portico with Corinthian columns, on a high plinth stood the temple of Isis at the end of the 2nd century BC.


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, restored after the earthquake of 62 on behalf of 6-year-old Popidius Celsius by his father Popidius Ampliat, who thus hoped to contribute to his son's future political career.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The facade of the temple is decorated with a portico with 4 columns in width and 2 columns in depth.


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On the sides were niches with statues of Anubis and Garpokrat.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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There was also a container of water from the Nile in the temple.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Meilichia Temple of Jupiter


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The temple was built in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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and dedicated to Zeus, but was rebuilt and handed over to the cult of Jupiter in the 80s BC.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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It is identical in shape to the temple of Isis, but has a deeper inner sanctuary.


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It is made of tuff, faced with marble.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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According to another hypothesis, based on some findings on the territory of the temple, it was dedicated to Asclepius.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Quadriportic


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The quadriportic (square with a portico) served as a place where the audience of theaters gathered before the performance and during intermissions.


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After the earthquake of 62, which destroyed the gladiator barracks in the northern part of the city, a quadriporter was adapted for the barracks.


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Weapons were found here, now stored in the National Museum of Naples.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Bolshoi Theatre


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The Bolshoi Theater, which became the cultural center of the city, was built in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC.


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, using a natural slope to accommodate seats for spectators.


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Under Augustus, the theater was expanded by architect Mark Artorius at the expense of Mark Olconius Ruf and Mark Olconius Zeler by creating a superstructure above ground level that supports the upper rows of seats.


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As a result, it has become able to accommodate up to 5,000 spectators.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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It could be covered with a canopy: the rings for it have survived to this day.


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The lower few rows (ima cavea) were intended for noble citizens.


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Two balconies above the side entrances, also built by Mark Artorius, for priestesses and organizers of performances.


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The stage was decorated with columns, cornices and statues dating back to the age of 62.


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Maly Theatre


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The Odeon, built in 80 BC


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Duumvir Mark Portius and Quinkt Valg, was covered with a four-pitched tiled roof.


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The 4 lower rows were separated from the upper 17 by a high parapet, from which the left (relative to the stage) part was preserved.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The theater could accommodate about 1,500 spectators, and musical performances and comedies were held on its stage [11].


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Amphitheater and Great Palaestra


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The amphitheater, which could accommodate 20,000 spectators, was built around 80 BC.


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at the same time as the small theater by the same duumvir.


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It measures 135 by 104 m and is currently the oldest known amphitheater.


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It differs from the rest in that the entrances to it were located in the upper part of the auditorium, as well as the lack of basements: gladiators entered the arena through the corridor directly from the street.


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The wounded and killed were carried out through the second corridor.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The seats for spectators (cavea) were divided into three levels: the first (ima), closest to the arena, included 5 rows of steps and was intended for noble spectators.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The second level (media) consisted of 12 rows, the third (summa) of 18.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The uppermost part, separated from other zones, to which its own stairs led, has been intended for women since Augustus's time.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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From above, the amphitheater could be covered with an awning that protected the audience from the sun and rain.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The Great Palestra was built during the Roman era, when the Samnite Palace ceased to meet the needs of the growing city.


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It was intended for gymnastic exercises and sports events.


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It was an area of 130 by 140 m, surrounded on three sides by a portico with Ionic columns.


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The fourth side overlooked the amphitheater, where there were entrances to Palestine, destroyed by the earthquake of 62 and restored using the opus latericium technique.


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In the center there was a pool (37 by 4 m) with a depth of 1 m in the west to 3 m in the east.


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In the southern part there are toilets that are cleaned by the pool water.


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The northern wall collapsed in the disaster of 79 and was restored by archaeologists.


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A Christian cryptogram was found on one of the columns.


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Therme


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Stabieva thermal baths


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The largest, oldest and best preserved thermal baths in the city, built in the 3rd century BC.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The thermal complex was located around a large trapezoidal peristyle of the palestra with a treadmill and a 15x8x1.5 m swimming pool [12].


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Nearby were rooms for rubbing oil and sand (for wrestling).


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The walls of the palestra are decorated in the fourth style, and figures of Zeus, Hercules and Satyr have been preserved.


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The men's baths had an entrance both from the street and from the palace.


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At first, the person who entered fell into the apodyteria — a locker room with vaults decorated with frescoes of the Flavian era (cupids, bacchae, trophies), marble seats and niches for storing clothes.


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This was followed by a tepidarium (warm baths), to the left of which was a frigidarium, a hall with a cold water pool.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Behind the tepidarium was a caldarium with a hot water pool and a cold water tank.


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The women's baths did not have a frigidarium (the cold water pool was in the locker room), but included a laconic steam room, like a sauna.


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Between the baths there were stoves with cold, hot and very hot water.


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Forum terms


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The smallest, however, are the most elegant baths of Pompeii.


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They were intended mainly for visitors to the city, and not its residents.


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Built by Duumvir Lucius Cesium in the 1st century BC.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The entrance from Forum Street led to the palestra of the men's section.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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From there, as well as from Therme Street, you could go to the apodytheria, from there to the frigidarium or to the tepidarium and then to the caldarium with two baths.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The women's department consisted only of a changing room, tepidarium and caldarium, as well as a small indoor garden.


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Frescoes, such as the “Atlanta” tepidarium, have been preserved on the walls.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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An interesting frigidarium is reminiscent of a Renaissance baptistery.


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Central Baths


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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They were laid immediately after the earthquake of 62 AD. e.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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, but by 79, the pool was never completed, and the portico of the palestra had not even begun.


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The pipes through which water was supplied already existed, but the furnaces were never stacked.


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We had a full set of halls, but only in one copy (without dividing into men's and women's departments).


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Suburban thermal baths


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They were located 100 meters behind the Sea Gate on an artificial terrace.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Because of their position, they were found and looted in ancient times.


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An interesting feature is the large windows with sea views.


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The pools are decorated with frescoes depicting waterfalls and mountain caves, as well as mosaics.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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However, the baths were best known for 16 erotic frescoes in the fourth style (including the only known ancient Roman image of lesbian sex) found in the early 1990s in apodytheria.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Their presence gave rise to the hypothesis that a lupanarium functioned in the building on the second floor, which, however, is rejected by archaeologists who studied the baths, and most historians.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Lupanarium


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Lupanary, however, was present in the city.


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It was discovered in 1862 and has been restored several times since then.


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The last restoration was completed in 2006 [13], the penultimate in 1949.


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It is a two-story building with five cubicles (bedrooms) on each floor.


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In the hallway, the ceiling walls are covered with erotic frescoes.


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In the cubicles of the lower floor there are stone lodges (covered with mattresses) and graffiti on the walls [14] [15].


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In addition to the lupanaria, there were at least 25 solitary rooms in the city intended for prostitution, often located above wine shops.


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The cost of this type of service in Pompeii was 2-8 asses.


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The staff was mainly represented by slaves of Greek or Eastern origin.


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Production buildings


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Providing food


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

In Pompeii, 34 bakeries were discovered that fully met the needs of citizens and exported their products to neighboring settlements.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The most famous are the Popidia Prisca bakery and the bakery on Stabij Street, which has 5 hand mills.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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There are two types of millstones: one fixed conical (meta), the other in the shape of an hourglass without a bottom and lid (catillus), worn on top of it.


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Grain was poured into the cavity of the upper trough, and it was driven by slaves or oxen.


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Millstones are made of volcanic rocks.


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Many bakeries did not have bread counters, either supplying it in bulk, carrying it home or selling it on the street by hand.


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Pompeii also produced garum fish sauce, which was sold in large quantities to other cities.


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A whole workshop for its preparation has been excavated, in which amphoras for transporting the product have been preserved.


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The technology consisted of the following: fish, cleaned of bones and ground, was kept in salt (sea) water for several weeks.


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Greens, spices, wine were often added to it.


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They were seasoned with a wide variety of dishes.


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Pompeii developed a system of thermopolies (89 establishments in total), which supplied people with hot food and allowed them to refuse to cook it at home (many houses in Pompeii did not have a kitchen).


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Crafts


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

One of the most important crafts in the city was the production of woolen fabrics.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Found 13 wool processing shops, 7 spinning and weaving workshops, 9 dyeing shops.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The most important production stage was felting wool, which was carried out in ancient Rome with fullones.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The features of the technology also allowed them to wash the clothes of citizens.


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The most widely known Pompeian cloth shop Stefania, a residential building rebuilt into a workshop.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Fullons rolled and washed the wool of the animal's sweat and dirt in egg-shaped vats, of which Stephanie had three.


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Dirty clothes were also cleaned there.


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Soda or urine that stood for 1-2 weeks was used as a detergent, which saponified the fat in the tissue.


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A urine collection tank, for example, was located in the Eumachia building at the Forum.


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Throwing wool or very dirty cloth into the vat, Fullon trampled on it with his feet (saltus fullonicus is the fullon dance, as Seneca called the process).


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Then the wool and fabric had to be thoroughly rinsed in large containers, of which Stefania also had three.


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Relatively clean and delicate items in his cloth shop were washed in the former impluvia of his Tuscan atrium.


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In addition, there were containers for bleaching and painting things in the cloth room.


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Clothes were also ironed here, and there was even a special press for tunics.


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In another cloth shop (there are 18 of them in Pompeii), located on Mercury Street, frescoes were found that shed light on the entire technological process of fullon [16].


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Dwelling houses


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The originals of most of the works of ancient Roman art (frescoes, mosaics) are exhibited at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples.


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There are copies in the houses themselves.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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House of the Tragic Poet


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It is a typical Roman house from the 2nd century BC.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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and is famous for its mosaic floors and frescoes depicting scenes from Greek mythology.


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It is located opposite the Forum thermal baths.


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It is named after the mosaic laid out in the floor of the rehearsal of the tragic performance.


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At the entrance to the house there is a mosaic with the image of a dog and the inscription “” (“Watch out for the dog”).


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There were retail premises on the sides of the entrance.


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The walls of the atrium were decorated with images of Zeus and Hera, scenes from the Iliad.


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The frescoes have been moved to the Archaeological Museum of Naples.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Surgeon's House


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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One of the oldest Pompeian residential buildings, built in the 4th-3rd centuries BC.


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It got its name due to the fact that numerous surgical instruments were found in it [17].


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The facade is made of limestone blocks, the inner walls are made using the opus africanum technique (vertical structures made of alternating vertical and horizontal blocks stacked on top of each other, between with which the wall was laid out with smaller stones or bricks).


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Frescoes in the first and fourth styles have been preserved.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Faun's House


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With an area of 3,000 m² between four insulu streets (40 by 110 m), the opulent house is the most luxurious house in Pompeii.


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The Faun's house belonged to the Cassius family.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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But there are also versions that it was built for Publius Sulla, the nephew of the conqueror of the city, who put him at the head of Pompeii.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

On the threshold of the main entrance to the house there is a mosaic inscription “HAVE” (hello) [17], from here you could go to the Etruscan (Tuscan) atrium, which has preserved impluvius to this day (a shallow collection pool rainwater) with a rich geometric inlay of multicolored marble and a figurine of a dancing Faun that gave the house its name.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Small mosaic panels are built into the floors of living rooms.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The second entrance was located to the east and led to the second, tetrastylny (with a roof supported by 4 columns), atrium, apparently intended for guests.


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There were several shops along the facade of the house.


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In the same part, utility rooms and rooms where outsiders were allowed were concentrated.


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The peristyle with columns was intended for guests and people who came on visits.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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There are also two peristyles: small and large.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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To the east of the small peristyle there were utility rooms: a pantry, kitchens and small private baths.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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From the large peristyle, an emergency exit led to the street.


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Between the peristyles were triclinia and a living room with the famous mosaic depicting the battle of Alexander the Great with Darius III.


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Vettii House


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A small but richly decorated house owned by freedman merchants Avl Vettius Konviva and Avl Vettius Restitut.


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The wall painting is made after 62 in the fourth style.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Through the entrance and lobby, where the famous fresco depicting Priap is located, you can enter the atrium, the walls of which are decorated with friezes with cupids and psyche.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The two wings of the atrium are decorated with medallions with the head of Medusa and Silen (right) and a fresco with fighting roosters (left).


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Another entrance leads here from the street through outbuildings.


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On the right is a second small atrium with a lararium (a separate sanctuary).


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The peristyle, rectangular in plan, is perpendicular to the direction of the main entrance.


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It is decorated with Doric columns and wall paintings.


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The peristyle has been completely restored, even the flower beds have been recreated in the remaining traces.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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Triclinium opens into the peristyle, the walls of which are painted with cupids imitating the activities of people.


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You can see scenes of trade, chariot racing, metal processing, weaving, grape harvesting, celebrations.


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There are also a large number of frescoes illustrating episodes of myths, images of gods.


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In the hall to the left of the peristyle is a young Hercules suffocating a serpent.


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Gilded Cupids House


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The graffiti on the wall of the house calls it the owner of Poppey Abito, a relative of Poppea, Nero's second wife.


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Peristyle was probably used for theatrical performances: one of the colonnades is raised like a stage.


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Medallions and masks were suspended between the columns.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The peristyle garden is filled with busts and bas-reliefs, in its northern part there is a lararium, in the southern part there is the sanctuary of Isis.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The tables and triclinia are decorated with frescoes based on Greek myths.


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Disks with cupids on golden leaves are inserted into the wall of one of the rooms.


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Pompeii

Menander House


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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A large house (1800 m²), which included baths, stables, retail premises.


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Atrius was painted with hunting scenes and landscapes.


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In the living room facing the atrium, there are scenes of the fall of Troy.


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In one of the peristyle niches, there is a well-preserved image of Menander, from whom the whole house got its name.


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In 1930, more than a hundred silver household items and a large number of coins were found in the basement.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Lorey Tiburtin House


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

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The entrance to the house is in a niche, with two benches in front of the door.


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There are two retail premises on either side of the entrance.


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The murals in the atrium remained unfinished.


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The rooms have false windows with painted views of the garden.


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Diana's home sanctuary overlooks the peristyle.


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It occupied almost all insulin, but most of its area is reserved for a garden with canals and fountains.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The place at the end of the canal closest to the house is reserved for the summer triclinium.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

There are frescoes depicting Piram, Thisba and Narcissus, signed by Lucius pinxit (depicted by Lucius).


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The house was explored in 1916—1921 by V. Spinazzola.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

It got its name from two campaign slogans found on the walls of the building: one called for voting for Lorey and the other for Tiburtin.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The owner of the house was Octavius Quartio, whose bronze seal was found in it.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Some historians prefer to call the house “the house of Octavius Quartio” [18].


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Moralista House and Pinaria Ceriale House


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The moralist's house is not far from the house of Lorey Tiburtin.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

It is named so because of the inscriptions in the summer triclinia (white on black):


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Keep your feet clean and do not stain your laundry and bed,


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Respect women and avoid making lewd language,


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Refrain from anger and fights.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

At the end, the conclusion: “Otherwise, go back to your home.”


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Pinaria Ceriale's house, which belonged to a jeweler, is located next door.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

During his excavations, more than a hundred precious stones were found.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Julia Felix's house


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

It occupies one of the largest insulin in the city, but only a third of it is built up, 2/3 is a garden.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Part of the house with bath rooms was rented out.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Hercules Garden House (Perfumer's House)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

It was a relatively small house.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The entrance led to a corridor, on the sides of which there were two cubicles and which ended in an atrium.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Behind the atrium there were several more rooms and a huge garden, laid out in the 1st century BC.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

there are 5 similar houses on the site.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The garden housed a lararium with a statue of Hercules, from which the whole house got its name.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

It was excavated in 1953-1954, but only in 1972-1974, as a result of research by employees of the University of Maryland [19], it was found that the garden was intended for growing plants, of which perfumes and incense oils were produced.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Perhaps garlands of flowers were also made here.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

As a result of these studies, the house received its middle name — Perfumer's House


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

City fortifications


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The walls of Pompeii have a length of 3220 m, they have 7 gates (the existence of the eighth is controversial).


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

They were built along its entire perimeter as early as the 6th-5th centuries BC.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

(then most of the fortified area was not yet built up, but occupied by gardens and vegetable gardens) made of limestone and tuff, filled with earth inside.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Under Samnite domination, an embankment was made on the inside, allowing defenders to climb to the top of the walls and providing them with additional strength.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

In the 3rd century BC


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

this mound is reinforced with stone.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Twelve towers on the most vulnerable northern and eastern sides were added in the 2nd and early 1st centuries BC.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The Herculan (or Salt) Gate was completely rebuilt in the era of Augustus, losing its protective functions and becoming more like a three-span triumphal arch.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Between them and the Vesuvian Gate, damage caused by Sulla's siege weapons can be seen on the city wall.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Water supply


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Pompeii has experienced problems with water supply since ancient times.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Groundwater was located under the city at a depth of almost 39 meters, so although the wells existed, they were few.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Part of the solution to the problem was facilitated by the presence of an impluvia in almost every house - a pool for collecting rainwater, but only an aqueduct built during the time of Augustus was able to put an end to the lack of water mostly underground), which delivered water to Pompeii from the springs in Serino in the amount of about 6,500 m³/day.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The aqueduct led to a reservoir (castellum aquae), located at the Vesuvian Gate at the highest point of the city (42 m above sea level).


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The round tank has a diameter of 6 m and is covered with a dome from above.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

It is located in a quadrangular building decorated with three arches on the south side.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Only the wealthiest citizens were connected to the water supply system, the rest collected water from fountains (42 have been found at the moment) located in different parts of the city.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

From the reservoir at the Vesuvian Gate, water entered the city through three lead pipes with a diameter of 30 cm: the first was intended for fountains, the second for baths and the third for private properties.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

If there was a lack of water, the last two pipes could be blocked.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Villas behind Herculan Gate


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Villa Diomede


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

It was located on a slope, so at the ground floor level of the living quarters, grouped around the atrium and peristyle, there was a terrace surrounding a large park.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Towers rose along its edges, from which you could admire the sea.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

In the center of the park there was a swimming pool, next to it there was a summer triclinium for outdoor lunches.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

There is a wine cellar in the cellars under the gallery.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The entrance to the villa led directly into the peristyle, to the left of which was a second small peristyle and bath rooms.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Through the tables, it was possible to enter the covered terrace, which served as a triclinia, from where you could see the sea.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

It was studied in 1771—1774, attributed to Arrius Diomede, whose tomb is located opposite the entrance.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Twenty bodies of those killed in the eruption were found in the villa, including women and children, 18 of them in the basement [20], two at the door leading from the garden to the sea; one of them was found carrying a gold ring, a silver key and 1356 sesterces.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Mystery Villa


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

It was founded in the 2nd century BC


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

, after which it expanded several times, in particular in 60 BC. e.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The main entrance was facing the road leading from the Gate of Herculan.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Currently, it is not fully disclosed, so the entrance to the villa is from the sea side.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Along the road, there were agricultural premises, including a room with a grape press.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The entrance, so wide that a wagon could pass through it, led to peristyle.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

To the south-east of it was a courtyard with a lararium and a tetrastyle atrium, from which it was possible to get to the baths.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

On the south-west side, the Tuscan atrium joined the peristyle, from which, as well as partially peristyle, doors led to numerous rooms decorated with frescoes in the second and third styles.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The villa was opened to the sea by a rotunda terrace with two porticos on the sides.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The tabinum that connects the Tuscan atrium with the rotunda has preserved frescoes with Egyptian motifs.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The villa is named after the widely known frescoes in one of the rooms south of the atrius, which, according to the most common version, depicts the initiation into the Dionysian mysteries, according to the other, the rite weddings [17] [20].


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Panorama


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Pompeii in art


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The Empire style was largely influenced by Roman finds from Pompeii.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Astronomy


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Pompey's asteroid 203, discovered on September 25, 1879 by the German-American astronomer K. G. F. Peters at the Clinton Observatory, USA


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Movie


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“The Last Day of Pompeii” (Gli ultimi giorni di Pompeii, 1926)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The Last Days of Pompeii (Italy-Germany, 1959)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii (UK, 1972)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The Last Days of Pompeii (USA, UK, Italy, 1984)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Pompeii (Italy, 2007)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“The Naked Drummer” (Vesuvies, with the song Pompeii Nights, 2008)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“The Lights of Pompeii (Doctor Who)” (UK series release, 2008)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Pompeii (USA, Germany, 2014)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Pompeii: Apocalypse Pompeii (USA, 2014)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Pompeii: New Secrets Revealed with Mary Beard (UK, BBC, 2016)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

The Brilliance and Glory of Ancient Rome, Episode 2: Pompeii — Ruins of an Empire (documentary, Korea, 2013)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Computer games


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

In Darkest of Days (2010), the last level takes place in Pompeii during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

In TimeScape: Journey to Pompeii (2000) (developed by DreamCatcher Interactive Inc.), the plot takes place in Pompeii before and during the destruction.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

In Painkiller: Overdose, the scene of the first level is also the city of Pompeii, which is being destroyed by a volcanic eruption.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Painting


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“The Last Day of Pompeii” — painting by Karl Bryullov


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

At the beginning of the 19th century, the garden of the Munich Residence was decorated in the third style of painting from Pompeii.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

At the beginning of the 18th century, images from frescoes from Herculaneum and Pompeii even adorned fans [21].


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Literature


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Impressed by Bryullov's painting “The Last Day of Pompeii”, Edward Bulwer-Lytton wrote the novel “The Last Days of Pompeii”.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“Vesuvius opened the pharynx” — Pushkin's poem


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Theophile Gautier's novel “Arria Marcella”


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Robert Harris's novel “Pompeii”


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Eugenia Tur's novel “The Last Days of Pompeii”


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

music


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Live at Pompeii is a concert film by Pink Floyd, shot at the Pompeii Amphitheater (1972);


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“The Last Day of Pompeii” is a song by Stigmata;


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“Pompeii” is a song by E.S. Posthumus;


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“Cities in Dust” is a song by Siouxsie and the Banshees


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“The Last Day of Pompeii” is a song by Escalada;


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“Pompeii” is a song by Bastille.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

“The burning of Rome (Cry For Pompeii)” is a song by Virgin Steele.


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Museums


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Getty Villa Museum Malibu


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

See also


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Herculaneum


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Stabia


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Oplontis


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Notes


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Literature


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

References


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

(in English)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

(in English)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

(in English)


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Category:Pompeii


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Category:Oski


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Category:Destroyed cities


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Category:Extinct cities in Europe


Question: When was Pompeii destroyed?

Pompeii

Category:Cities of Ancient Rome


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Polar Similar (Russian: Two Similar Poles) is the seventh studio album by American metalcore band Norma Jean, which was released on September 9, 2016 by Solid State Records; the band previously released albums under this label, releasing her first four studio albums and soon moved to Razor & Tea.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

This is also the first album to feature the band's new guitarist, Phillip Farris.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Work on the album


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The band was originally scheduled to start recording a new release back in May 2015, but on July 9 of the same year, the band announced that they would tour North America in honor of the 10th anniversary of the album O' God, the Aftermath [1]; Norma Jean also announced that bands such as Sleepwave, '68 and The Ongoing Concept [1] participate in the tour.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

After a long tour, the band began recording a new album.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Polar Similar was recorded in January 2016 at Pachyderm Studios in Cannon Falls, Minnesota.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Pachyderm Studios is best known for once recording famous artists such as Nirvana, Failure, PJ Harvey and Explosions in the Sky:


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The album was produced by Josh Barber and the band itself, mixed by Jeremy Griffith, who previously participated in the recording of the Meridional album as a producer:


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The album featured the band's new guitarist Phillip Farris, who replaced the departed Chris Day, the last member of the original Norma Jean lineup.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Music and lyrics


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Album theme


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

According to Cory Brendan, the band worked very hard to match the emotions of all the songs with the content and try to evoke a special feeling on each track of the new album.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

In general, the recording turned out to be gloomy and this is an example of what came out of the cooperation of each member of the band:


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The main features of Polar Similar, Corey Brendan highlighted the general theme, idea and direction that were new to the band.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Norma Jean recorded a new album knowing clearly which song would be the first and which would be the last.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

This recording process, according to the vocalist, was something new and special for the band [2].


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Songs


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Title song I.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The Planet starts with the words I hope you burn!


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

(Russian: You're going to burn!) , which sounds very frightening.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Corey Brendan commented:


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The next song is Everyone Talking Over Everyone Else, the title of which is definitely Lemmy's merit (a hint of the 1999 live album Everything Louder Than Everyone Else).


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

This song, as Cory Brendan said, is very personal to him and occupies a central place in his personal experience, after being in a tough offensive relationship when the vocalist was young.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The song Forever Hurtling Towards Andromeda, as guitarist Jeff Hickey explains, is one of the earliest songs at the time of recording the album.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Sean Ingram, vocalist of the metalcore band Coalesce, took part in the recording of this song [3].


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

In the recording of the 1,000,000 Watts song, Corey Brendan utters the word “sex” for the first time.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Cory Brendan himself commented on this by saying that at the age of 40, the word “sex” can be pronounced, like his 22-year-old children:


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Composition II.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The People consists of a synthesized female voice reading groups of 5 digits:


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

, the last number was pronounced higher in each group.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

This is a direct reference to the so-called Lincolnshire Poacher (English: The Lincolnshire Poacher), a powerful shortwave numbered radio station that used an excerpt as its call sign English folk song of the same name.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Stations such as the Lincolnshire Poacher began to appear during the Cold War, when states such as the USSR and Great Britain were required to transmit messages directly to their agents in other countries.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Synthetic Sun, according to Corey Brendan, is the band's favorite song.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

This song is the observation of a very close person who destroys himself and feels helpless on his way [4].


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Nebula's instrumental composition, made in the blues genre, is entirely the merit of the new guitarist Phillip Farris:


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

An Ocean of War sings about the separation of the engaged, where the main character tries to maintain friendship, wants to end the relationship in a civilized way despite the struggle inside.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

A Thousand Years a Minute song about fighting depression and self-harm [5].


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Release and reviews


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

On March 25, 2016, the band announced on their YouTube channel that the new album would be released on Solid State Records on September 9, 2016.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The band's official website posted the release date and title of the studio album, “Polar Similar”.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

On June 14, the single “1,000,000 Watts” was released and auditioned online, followed by the release of the second single from the upcoming album, “Synthetic Sun”, on July 13.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

The last third single to date, “Forever Hurtling Towards Andromeda”, featuring Sean Ingram, vocalist of metalcore band Coalesce, was released on August 11.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

On August 17, 2016, the band officially announced that it was already possible to pre-order the new album on iTunes, Amazon Music or Google Play.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

On August 18, a making-of teaser called LUMINÆRIES was released [14], and soon on December 13, the entire LUMINÆRIES was published [15].


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Polar Similar was released on September 9, 2016 on Solid State Records, for the first time, eight years later, the band released a new album on the label.


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

On September 19, the label's YouTube channel posted streams for each track from the album, each of which contains a video sequence containing the ignition of dead mice, flowers (presumably dahlias, chrysanthemums, peonies or saffrons) and dead birds (presumably goldfinches or thrushes) [16].


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

On September 13, 2016, a video for the song “Everyone Talking Over Everyone Else” was released [17].


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

On March 10, 2017, the video for the song “1,000,000 Watts” [18].


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

List of songs


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

All tracks written by Norma Jean.no.titlelength1.” I. The Planet” 3:032.” Everyone Talking Over Everyone Else” 3:273.” Forever Hurtling Towards Andromeda” 2:164 ."1,000,000 Watts” 4:285.” II. The People” 2:146.” Death Is a Living Partner” 2:187.” Synthetic Sun” 3:508.” Reaction” 5:429.” III. The Nebula” 3:1610.” The Close and Discontent” 2:3411.” An Ocean of War” 3:2812.” A Thousand Years a Minute” 5:5813.” IV. The Nexus” 10:40


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Recording participants


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Norma Jean


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Corey Brendan — vocals, rhythm guitar


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Jeff Hickey — lead guitar


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Phillip Farris — rhythm guitar


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

John Finnegan — bass


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Clayton Holyack — drums, percussion


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Production staff


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Josh Holyack — sound design, keyboards, ambient sounds, percussion and producer (in the final part of “IV. The Nexus”)


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Adam Putman — percussion, piano, organ (“1,000,000 Watts” and “IV. The Nexus”), backing vocals (“Reaction”)


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Ben Turkovich — percussion, sound engineer


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Josh Barber — producer, rhythm guitar (“I The Planet” and “Everyone Talking Over Everyone Else”), sound engineer


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Norma Jean — producer


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Jeremy Griffith — mixing


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Drew Lavin — mastering


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Notes


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

References


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Category:Norma Jean Albums


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Category:Albums of 2016


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Category:Albums in English


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Category:United States albums


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Category:Metalcore albums


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Category:Matkora albums


Question: Did Daniel Lambert like music?

Polar Similar

Category:Albums alphabetically


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin (, Butka Village, Butkinsky District, Ural Oblast, RSFSR, USSR —, Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet and Russian party, statesman and political figure.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The first president of the Russian Federation (1991-1999) [1]; in November 1991 — June 1992, he simultaneously headed the “government of reformers” [2] [3].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

From March to May 1992, he served as Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Deputy of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 10th and 11th convocations (1979-1989); member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1984—1988).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

People's Deputy of the USSR and member of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1989-1990).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

People's Deputy of the RSFSR and Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (1990-1991).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Member of the CPSU (1961-1990), member of the CPSU Central Committee (1981-1990); in the party he held the posts of First Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU (1976—1985), Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (1985—1986) and First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU ( 1985—1987).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

He went down in history as the first popularly elected head of Russia, a radical reformer of the socio-political and economic structure of Russia.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Yeltsin's reign was marked by confrontation with the Supreme Soviet, privatization, confrontation with the Communist Party, attempted impeachment in 1993 and 1999, the outbreak of the war in Chechnya (1994), and by default in 1998.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Childhood and adolescence


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Born on February 1, 1931 in the village of Butka, Ural Region (now in the Talitsky District of the Sverdlovsk Region) in a family of dispossessed peasants.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

This is what Yeltsin himself writes in his memoirs.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The right to be called Yeltsin's homeland, however, is disputed by the neighboring village of Basmanovskoye.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

[4] According to Boris Minaev, the biographer of the first president, the Yeltsins did live in the village of Basmanovo, “but the “maternity hospital”, that is, the village hospital, was located in Butka”, and this is where they were born Boris Yeltsin [5].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Yeltsin later recalled:


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

... The Yeltsin family, as it is written in the description sent to the security officers in Kazan by our village council, rented land in the amount of five hectares.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

“Before the revolution, his father's farm was kulatsky, had a water mill and a windmill, had a threshing machine, had permanent laborers, had up to 12 hectares of sowing, had a self-tying header, had up to five horses, up to four cows...” He had, had, had... That's what I was to blame — he worked hard, took on a lot.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

And the Soviet government loved the modest, inconspicuous, low-lying.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

She did not like or spare strong, intelligent, bright people.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In the thirtieth year, the family was “evicted”.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

My grandfather was deprived of his civil rights.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

They were imposed with an individual agricultural tax.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In short, they put a bayonet to their throat, as they knew how to do it.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

And my grandfather “went on the run”... [6]


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Boris Yeltsin's mother is Claudia Vasilyevna (Dev. Starygin, 1908—1993 [7]), from peasants, dressmaker [8] [9].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Boris Yeltsin's father [10] was Nikolai Ignatievich Yeltsin (June 27, 1906 — May 30, 1977), a builder, repressed.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

He served his sentence at the construction of the Volga-Don Canal.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

While Nikolai Ignatievich was serving his sentence at the construction of the Volga-Don Canal, the Yeltsin family — his wife Claudia Vasilyevna and son Boris, evicted from the barrack, were sheltered by the wife of the one who served with him conclusion of Vasily Petrovich Petrov, a doctor from Kazan Elizaveta Ivanovna Petrova.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

K. IN. Yeltsin registered in house No. 32 on Sixth Soyuznaya Street (in 1956, the house was moved to Karagandinskaya Street, in 1999 it was visited by B. N. Yeltsina N. AND. Yeltsin).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In October 1936, N. AND. Yeltsin was released ahead of schedule for exemplary behavior, after which he settled in the same house in Kazan.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Here, in 1937, Nikolai and Claudia Yeltsin had a second son, Mikhail, whose godfather was Nina, the daughter of Vasily and Elizaveta Petrov.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

[11] [13]


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1937, the Yeltsins returned to the Urals, where N. AND. Yeltsin worked as a foreman at the construction site of a chemical plant in Berezniki, and a few years later he became the head of the construction unit at the plant [8] [17].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Yeltsin spent his childhood in Berezniki, Perm Region, where he graduated from high school (modern school No. 1 named after A. S. Pushkin).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

According to Yeltsin's official biography [8] and media reports, he managed to study, was the head of the class, but had complaints about his behavior and was pugnacious [9].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

However, the article by Yu.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Borisyonka and V. Erlikhman argues that Yeltsin “did not shine with good grades” [18].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

After graduating from the seventh grade, Yeltsin opposed the homeroom teacher, who beat the children and forced them to work at home.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

For this, he was expelled from school with a “wolf ticket”, but by applying to the city party committee, he managed to get the opportunity to continue his studies at another school [6] [8].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Yeltsin's left hand lacked two fingers and a third phalanx [6].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

According to Yeltsin, he lost them as a result of the explosion of a grenade, which he tried to open [6].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

This version was questioned by Sergei Kara-Murza [19] and Yuri Mukhin.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Yeltsin did not serve in the army due to the lack of fingers [6].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

According to his autobiography, in 1949 he entered the Ural Polytechnic Institute named after V.I.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

S. M. Kirov to the Faculty of Construction [20], in 1955 he graduated from it with the qualification of a civil engineer with a degree in Industrial and Civil Construction.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The topic of the thesis is “TV Tower”.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

During his student years, he was seriously engaged in volleyball, played for the city's national team, and became a master of sports.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In his autobiography on April 8, 1955, Yeltsin reports that in 1952 “due to illness he missed a year of study” [20].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Professional and party activities


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1955, he was sent for distribution to the Uraltyazhtrubstroy trust, where he mastered several construction specialties during the year, then worked on the construction of various facilities as a foreman, head of the site.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1957, he became a foreman of the construction department of the trust [8].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1961 he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1963, he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Sverdlovsk House-Building Plant.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Since 1966 he has been Director of the Sverdlovsk DSK.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1963, at the XXIV conference of the party organization of the Kirovsky district of Sverdlovsk, he was unanimously elected a delegate to the city conference of the CPSU.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

At the XXV District Conference, he was elected a member of the Kirovsky District Committee of the CPSU and a delegate to the Sverdlovsk Regional Conference of the CPSU.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1968, he was transferred to party work in the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU, where he headed the construction department.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1975, he was elected Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU, responsible for the industrial development of the region.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The predecessor of B.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Yeltsin as Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU Y.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

P. Ryabov said in an interview [21]:


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

It so happened that several of my friends studied with Yeltsin.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

I've decided to ask them for their opinion on him.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

They said that he was power-hungry, ambitious, that he was ready to cross even his own mother for the sake of a career.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

“What if you give him a task?” - I'm asking.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

They say, “He will break any task of his superiors into a cake, but he will do it.”


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1976, on the recommendation of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee [21], he was elected First Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU (the actual head of the Sverdlovsk Region), and held this position until 1985.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

By order of Yeltsin, a twenty-three-story building of the CPSU Regional Committee in the city was built in Sverdlovsk, which received the nicknames “White House”, “Wisdom Tooth” and “Party Member” in the city [22].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

He organized the construction of a highway connecting Sverdlovsk with the north of the region, as well as the resettlement of residents from barracks to new houses [6].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

He organized the implementation of the decision of the Politburo to demolish the Ipatiev house (the place of execution of the royal family in 1918), which was not carried out by his predecessor Y.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

P. Ryabov, achieved a decision by the Politburo on the construction of a metro in Sverdlovsk.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

It significantly improved the supply of food products to the Sverdlovsk Region, intensified the construction of poultry farms and farms.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

During Yeltsin's leadership, the region abolished milk coupons.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1980, he actively supported the initiative to create a SWC and the construction of experimental settlements in the villages of Baltym and Patrushi.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The Baltym Cultural and Sports Complex became a source of pride, the building of which was recognized as “having no analogues in construction practice” [23].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

While at party work in Sverdlovsk, Boris Yeltsin received the military rank of colonel.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In the Supreme Soviet of the USSR


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1978-1989 he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (member of the Union Council).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

1984-1988 — Member of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In addition, in 1981, at the 26th Congress of the CPSU, he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU and was a member of it until leaving the party in 1990.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1985, after the election of M. S. Gorbachev as General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, was transferred to work in Moscow (on the recommendation of E. K. Ligachev), in April he headed the construction department of the CPSU Central Committee, and in June 1985 he was elected Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for Construction.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In December 1985, he was recommended by the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee for the post of First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee (MGC)


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Having come to this position, he began a personnel purge of the party and Soviet apparatus of the capital, dismissing many senior employees of the CPSU MGK and the first secretaries of district committees from their posts.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

He gained fame due to personal inspections of shops and warehouses, the use of public transport.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

He organized food fairs in Moscow [25].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Under Yeltsin, a new Master Plan for the Development of Moscow is beginning to be developed, a ban on the demolition of historical buildings is being introduced, and City Day begins to be celebrated [8].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

At the 27th Congress of the CPSU in February 1986, he was elected a candidate for membership in the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, and remained in this position until February 18, 1988.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In autumn 1987, he began to publicly criticize the party's leadership.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On October 21, he spoke quite sharply at the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee (criticized the style of work of some members of the Politburo, in particular Yegor Ligachev, the slow pace of perestroika, among other things, announced the birth” personality cult” Mikhail Gorbachev), after which he asked to release him from his duties as a candidate for membership in the Politburo.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

After that, he was subjected to counter-criticism, including from those who previously supported him (for example, the “architect of perestroika” Alexander Yakovlev).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In the end, I was forced to repent and admit my mistakes:


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In addition to some expressions, I generally agree with the assessment.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

It is a mistake that I failed the Central Committee and the Moscow City Organisation by speaking today.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The Plenum passed a resolution to consider Yeltsin's speech “politically erroneous” and invited the IGC to consider the re-election of its first secretary.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The transcript of Yeltsin's speech was not published in a timely manner in the press, which gave rise to many rumors.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Several false versions of the text appeared in samizdat, much more radical than the original.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The author of one of them was Mikhail Poltoranin, editor-in-chief of Moskovskaya Pravda.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On November 3, Yeltsin sent a letter to Gorbachev asking him to leave him as First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee [26].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On November 9, he was hospitalized due to a heart attack [8].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

According to some testimonies (for example, M. S. Gorbacheva [27], N. AND. Ryzhkov and V. AND. Vorotnikova [28]) — because of an attempt to commit suicide (or feign a suicide attempt) [29] [30] [31].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On November 11, at the Plenum of the IGC, he repented again [32], admitted his mistakes, but was relieved of his post as First Secretary of the IGC.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

However, he was not completely demoted, but remained in the ranks of the nomenclature, although there were proposals to send him as ambassador to an African country [33].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On January 14, 1988, Yeltsin was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Gosstroy of the USSR - Minister of the USSR


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On February 18, by the decision of the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, he was relieved of his duties as a candidate for membership in the Politburo of the CPSU


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In the summer of 1988, he was elected a delegate to the XIX All-Union Party Conference from the Karelian Republican Party Organization.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On July 1, Yeltsin spoke at a party conference and again proposed to withdraw Ligachev from the Politburo, criticized the privileges of the party elite, argued that Brezhnev alone cannot be blamed for “stagnation”, but to blame everything is “as a collective body” by the Politburo.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In conclusion, Yeltsin asked to cancel the decision of the October Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, which recognized his speech at the plenum as erroneous


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

You know that my speech at the October Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee was recognized as “politically erroneous”.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

But the issues raised there, at the plenary session, were repeatedly raised by the press and raised by the Communists.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

These days, all these questions have practically been raised from this rostrum both in the report and in speeches.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

I believe that my only mistake in my speech was that I did not perform at the right time — before the 70th anniversary of October.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

I am acutely worried about what happened and ask the conference to cancel the decision of the plenum on this issue.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

If you find it possible to cancel it, you will rehabilitate me in the eyes of the Communists.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

And this is not only personal, it will be in the spirit of perestroika, it will be democratic and, I think, will help it by adding confidence to people.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Election as a People's Deputy of the USSR


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On March 26, 1989, Yeltsin was elected People's Deputy of the USSR in the national-territorial district No. 1 (Moscow), receiving 91.53% of the vote of Muscovites, with a turnout of almost 90% [8].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Yeltsin was opposed by Yevgeny Brakov, General Director of ZIL, supported by the authorities.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In connection with his election, Yeltsin was relieved of his duties as Minister of the USSR (while retaining the post of First Deputy Chairman of the State Construction Committee of the USSR) [34].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

During the elections at the Congress, Yeltsin did not enter the Supreme Council, but Deputy A. AND. Kazannik relinquished his mandate in favor of Yeltsin (in October 1993 Yeltsin will appoint him Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

From June 1989 to December 26, 1990, Boris Yeltsin was a member of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR [35].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

He was elected Chairman of the USSR Supreme Court Committee on Construction and Architecture and became a member of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

One of the leaders of the Interregional Deputy Group.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In 1989, Yeltsin became the hero of several scandalous incidents.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In the summer, invited to the United States [36], he allegedly performed drunk [37] — a reprint of V. Zucconi about this incident from the Italian newspaper La Repubblica in Pravda was perceived in his homeland as a provocation by the party leadership against the “dissident” Yeltsin and led to mass protests and the resignation of the editor-in-chief of G. Afanasyeva.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Yeltsin himself explained his behavior with a dose of sleeping pills, which he took in the morning, suffering from insomnia [6].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In September, Yeltsin suffered a strange incident in the Moscow region, and in addition, he was involved in a car accident: on September 21, the Volga car he was driving collided with a Zhiguli, while Yeltsin got a bruise to his hip.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On March 4, 1990, Yeltsin was elected People's Deputy of the RSFSR from Sverdlovsk.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On April 25, 1990, during an unofficial visit to Spain, Yeltsin was involved in an aviation accident, suffered a spinal injury and underwent surgery.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

A month after the incident, during the election of the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the press hinted that the accident was organized by the KGB of the USSR.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

It was felt that the numerous rumors that arose in connection with the accident had an impact on the outcome of the elections.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On May 29, 1990, Yeltsin was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (on the third attempt, gaining 535 votes against 467 votes from the “Kremlin candidate” A. IN. Vlasova [8]).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Under Yeltsin's leadership, the Supreme Soviet adopted a number of laws that influenced the further development of the country, including the Law on Property in the RSFSR.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR adopted the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the RSFSR, which provided for the supremacy of Russian legislation in relation to the Union legislation.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

This sharply increased the political weight of the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, who previously played a secondary, dependent role.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

June 12 in 1991 became, according to the decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation [38], a public holiday of the Russian Federation.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On July 12, at the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU, Yeltsin criticized the party and its leader Mikhail Gorbachev and announced his withdrawal from the CPSU.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In August-October 1990, the “parade of sovereignties” of the Union republics was followed by a “parade of sovereignties” of autonomous entities and even some regions within the RSFSR.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

A declaration on state sovereignty of the Karelian ASSR was adopted, the state sovereignty of the Komi ASSR, the Tatar ASSR, the Udmurt and Yakutsk-Sakha ASSR, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug was proclaimed, Adygea Autonomous Okrug (Adygea ASSR), Buryat ASSR, Bashkir ASSR, Kalmyk ASSR, Mari ASSR, Chuvash ASSR, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Gorno-Altaysk Autonomous Okrug (Gorno-Altaysk ASSR), Irkutsk areas, etc. In these and other documents of that period, the republics were proclaimed bearers of sovereignty.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

At the same time, however, the issue of full state independence and secession from the RSFSR, as a rule, was not raised, relations with the federal center were supposed to be further regulated by concluding contracts with him.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

A number of media outlets attribute to Boris Yeltsin the phrase: “take as much sovereignty as you can swallow” [39], which he allegedly said during a visit to Ufa in August 1990.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In the original, the phrase sounded different: “We say to the Supreme Council, the government of Bashkiria: You will take the share of power that you can swallow yourself” [40] [41].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In December 1990, USSR President Gorbachev proposed a draft of a new Union Treaty.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On December 24, 1990, the IV Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR decided to consider it necessary to preserve the USSR as a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics, in which the rights and freedoms of a person of any nationality shall be ensured [42].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On February 19, 1991, Boris Yeltsin, in a speech on television after the events in Riga and Vilnius, during which the leadership of the USSR resorted to military force, criticized these actions and demanded for the first time the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev and the transfer of power to the Federation Council, consisting of the leaders of the Union republics.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Two days later, at a meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, a “letter of six” was read out (Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet S. P. Goryacheva and B. M. Isaev, chairmen of both chambers V. B. Isakova and R. G. Abdulatipov and their deputies A. A. Veshnyakova and V. G. Syrovatko), who criticized Yeltsin's authoritarian style in leading the work of the Supreme Soviet.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In defense of Yeltsin, however, R. AND. Khasbulatov (First Deputy Chairman), and the deputies did not proceed with this appeal.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On March 17, at the All-Union referendum, the preservation and renewal of the USSR was supported by the majority of citizens, excluding the population of six republics (Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Georgia, Moldova, Armenia), in which the highest the authorities refused to hold a referendum.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

A working group (with the participation of the RSFSR), within the framework of the so-called Novogarev process, in the spring and summer of 1991, developed a project to conclude a new union as a soft, decentralized federation [43].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

President of the RSFSR /Russian Federation


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Elected


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On 12 June 1991, Yeltsin was elected President of the RSFSR, receiving 45,552,041 votes, or 57.30 per cent of those who took part in the voting, and was significantly ahead of Nikolai Ryzhkov, which, despite the support of the CPSU, received only 16.85 per cent of the vote.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Together with Boris Yeltsin, Vice President Alexander Rutskoy was elected [45].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The main slogans of Yeltsin's election campaign were the fight against the privileges of the nomenclature and the maintenance of Russia's sovereignty within the USSR.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

This was the first nationwide presidential election in the history of Russia (USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev took office as a result of voting at the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR).


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On July 10, Boris Yeltsin took an oath of allegiance to the people of Russia and the Russian Constitution and took office as President of the RSFSR.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

After taking the oath, he made a keynote speech, which he began energetically and emotionally, with an understanding of the solemnity of the moment [46].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

It is impossible to express in words the state of mind that I am experiencing at these moments.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

For the first time in Russia's thousand-year history, the President solemnly swears allegiance


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

There is no higher honor than the one that turns out to be a person by the people, there is no higher position to which citizens of the state elect.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

<... > I am optimistic about the future and am ready for energetic action.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Great Russia is rising from its knees!


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

We will definitely turn it into a prosperous, democratic, peaceful, legal and sovereign state.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

A difficult work for all of us has already begun.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Having gone through so many trials, clearly presenting our goals, we can be firmly sure that Russia will revive!


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The toastmaster at the inaugural banquet was the President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia [47].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

In connection with Yeltsin's assumption of office as President, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR dismissed him from his duties as chairman of the Supreme Soviet and terminated his deputy powers [48].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

He formally remained a People's Deputy of the USSR until the collapse of the Soviet Union [49].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The first decree that Yeltsin signed as President was the decree “On Priority Measures for the Development of Education in the RSFSR”.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The document, prepared with the active participation of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, headed by E.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

D. Dneprov, outlined a number of measures to support the (mainly financial) education system, which were clearly declarative in nature.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Much of what was stated in the decree has not been fulfilled, for example, the promise “to send at least 10,000 students and graduate students abroad annually for training, internships and advanced training, teachers and scientific and pedagogical workers” [50].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On July 20, Yeltsin signed a decree “On the termination of the activities of organizational structures of political parties and mass social movements in state bodies, institutions and organizations of the RSFSR” [51] , which has become one of the final chords of the policy of departization and de-ideologization.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The August coup and its consequences


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On August 15, the final version of the Treaty on the Union of Sovereign States was published.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Nine of the fifteen Soviet republics of the former USSR were to become members of the new union: as M. S. Gorbachev in a televised address on August 3, 1991, on August 20, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the RSFSR, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were to sign a new union agreement, and in the fall they could join Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine and Turkmenistan [52].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The signing of the new Union Treaty was thwarted by the August coup of the State Emergency Committee.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On August 19, after the announcement of the creation of the State Emergency Committee and the isolation of Mikhail Gorbachev in Crimea, Yeltsin led opposition to the conspirators and turned the House of Soviets of Russia (the White House) into a center of resistance.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Already on the first day of the coup, Yeltsin, speaking from a tank in front of the White House, called the actions of the State Emergency Committee a coup d'etat, then promulgated a number of decrees not recognizing the actions of the State Emergency Committee


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The coup attempt led to the fact that almost all the remaining Soviet republics and some autonomies declared independence.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

After the failure of the State Emergency Committee, work on a new Union Treaty continued, but now it was about creating the Union of Sovereign States as a confederation.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On August 23, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending the activities of the Communist Party of the RSFSR [53], and on November 6 - on the termination of the CPSU


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On September 5, the V Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR adopted the Declaration of Human Rights and Freedoms [54] and announced a transition period for the formation of a new system of state relations, preparation and signing Treaty on the Union of Sovereign States [55].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

At the suggestion of M. S. Gorbachev's congress actually dissolved itself [56] [57] by adopting the law “On State Authorities and Administration of the USSR during the Transition Period” [58].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The draft law proposed to make a decision on the inexpediency of holding regular congresses of People's Deputies of the USSR during the transition period, but during the vote, people's deputies rejected this proposal [59].


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On September 6, the State Council of the USSR, in violation of the USSR Law “On the Procedure for Resolving Issues Related to the Withdrawal of the Union Republic from the USSR”, recognized the withdrawal of the three Baltic republics (Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia) from the USSR.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The collapse of the USSR


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

On November 14, the leaders of seven of the twelve Union republics (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) and the President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev made a statement of intention conclude an agreement on the creation of a JIT.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

The signing of the agreement was scheduled for December 9.


Question: In what year did Yeltsin come to power?

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

Meanwhile, on December 1, a referendum on independence was held in Ukraine, the participants of which supported the Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine of August 24, 1991.