Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The translation from English was made by Michael Duck.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In Indonesian (Indonesian: Ali dan Nino).


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The novel was published in Jakarta by Serambi in July 2004.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The novel was translated by Marian A. and Hikmat Damavan.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In Spanish (Spanish: Ali y Nino).


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The novel has been published four times in Spanish.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In 1973, the novel was published in Plaza y Janes in Barcelona.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The translation from English was made by Adolfo Martin.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In 2000, Debate/Media published the novel in Madrid, and in 2001 and 2012, a translation by Isabela Paino Jimenez-Ugarte was published in Barcelona.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Structure of the novel


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali and Nino is divided into thirty chapters.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The story is told in the first person, on behalf of the main character Ali Khan Shirvanshir and ends with the words of Ali Khan's friend, captain Ilyas-bek:


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali Khan Shirvanshir died at 5:15am on the Ganja bridge.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

His body fell into a parched river pierced by eight bullets.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

A notebook was found in his pocket.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

If Allah so wills, I will deliver this notebook to his wife.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

At dawn, shortly before the Russians came, we buried him in the courtyard of the mosque.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Our republic died, just as Ali Khan Shirvanshir died.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Protagonists


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali Khan Shirvanshir is a descendant of the noble Shirvanshirov family, a graduate of the Baku gymnasium, and later a politician of the ADR.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Nino Kipiani is a Georgian princess, beloved, and later wife of Ali Khan.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

It belongs to the Greek Orthodox Church.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Melik Nakhararyan is an Armenian aristocrat from the city of Shusha, a friend of Ali Khan, who later betrayed Ali Khan.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ilyas bey is the son of Zeynal Aghi (Haji Zeynalabdin Tagiyev), a friend, classmate, and later an ally of Ali Khan.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Muhammad Heydar is a friend and classmate of Ali Khan, an officer of the Russian army, a participant in the First World War.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Seyid Mustafa is a friend and classmate of Ali Khan, the son of an imam.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

He married Ali Khan to Nino.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Arslan aga is the son of a wealthy oil producer, a friend of Ali Khan, with whom they studied at the same gymnasium.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Summary


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The main character of the novel, Ali Khan Shirvanshir, is a descendant of the ancient aristocratic Shirvanshir family.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali Khan's ancestor Ibrahim Khan personally handed Hasankuli Khan, the ruler of Baku, a dagger, with which he allegedly killed Russian General Tsitsianishvili (who was actually shot with a pistol while receiving the keys from Baku, which surrendered to the Russians).


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Although his father still belongs entirely to Asian culture, Ali is influenced by the West at school.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

While studying at a Baku gymnasium, Ali Khan meets the daughter of Georgian prince Nino Kipiani and falls in love with her.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali met her at the St. Queen Tamara's Gymnasium opposite the girls' gymnasium, where Nino studied.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali helps her with her homework, especially math.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Then they start dating in the Governor's Garden, where they kiss for the first time.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Through her love for Georgian Princess Nino, who was brought up in the Christian tradition, Ali is getting closer to the European world.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

After graduating from high school, Ali decides to marry Nino.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

At first, she hesitates until Ali promises that he will not force her to wear a veil or be part of a harem.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali's father, despite his Muslim traditional idea of women, supports marriage, but Nino's father tries to postpone the marriage.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In summer, Ali and Nino meet in Shusha, where they meet Armenian aristocrat Melik Nakhararyan.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Soon Ali Khan becomes friends with Nahararyan, having interesting arguments with him.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

But Nahararyan also falls in love with Nino and wants to marry her and take her to Sweden.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The First World War soon begins.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Muslims have been released from military service, but many of them volunteered.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

But Ali is not, what his father and uncle are very dissatisfied with.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Nino does not understand him either.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

But Ali categorically does not want to fight for the interests of the Russian Empire, being confident in its imminent collapse.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

He does not even look at the fact that Nino in Tiflis proudly shows him the grave of Griboyedov, whose wife she was a maternal great-niece.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In Baku, Nahararyan, whom Ali considered a friend, kidnaps Nino and takes him to his villa in Mardakan.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Nino, who has a windy character, does not resist him.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In anger, Ali catches up with them on horseback on a Karabakh horse, and a fight unfolds in Nahararyan's villa, as a result of which Ali Khan kills Nakhararyan, becoming the bloodman of this family.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

After that, he is forced to hide in the Dagestan village.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Many months later, Nino comes to see him there.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali Khan forgives her and they enter into a Muslim marriage, after which they live in poverty for several months.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

As soon as the revolution and the March battles begin, Ali Khan makes tough ideological decisions.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

As the Ottoman army approaches the liberation of his native Baku, Ali Khan is following the developments.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Due to the danger that the Bolsheviks will capture Baku, Ali and Nino flee to Persia.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In Tehran, Ali is reminded of his Muslim roots, while Nino is unhappy in the new environment.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

After the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Ali and Nino return and become cultural ambassadors of their new country.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali is offered the post of ambassador to France.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Nino is happy with this idea, but Ali refuses, fearing that he will be unhappy in Paris.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Nino is sometimes shocked by Ali Khan's actions when he once tortures himself during Ashura.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

They soon have a daughter, whom they call Tamara.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The novel ends with the arrival of Russians who occupy Baku.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali khan makes Nino take her daughter and go to Tiflis.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

But Ali Khan himself stays in Ganja, not wanting to leave his homeland in difficult times.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

During the battles on the Ganja Bridge, he dies after writing everything that happened to him in a notebook.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Nino's fate remains unknown.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The confrontation between East and West in the novel


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In the novel, Ali and Nino are involved in events taking place against the background of the First World War, the Bolshevik Revolution, the rise and fall of the first independent Republic of Azerbaijan.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Keeping up with the times, they are forced to live between East and West.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Whether it is the geographical location of Baku, the relationship between Ali and Nino, or the choice of parties to the war, there are always two camps in the novel — East and West, covering all aspects of life.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

According to Nurangiz Khodzharova, Kurban Said does not force the reader to make any judgment, but allows him to judge for himself in order to decide whether such a division will be reasonable, he subtly invites the reader to marry framework, directly into Ali's soul, who does not belong entirely to either the East or the West, but belongs to another place called home.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

For Ali Khan Shirvanshir, this place is Baku.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Baku in the novel is a place where an invisible border passes between East and West, where Ali falls in love with Nino, where his ancestors fought and died, and where he himself wants to die [16].


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Comparing the old and new parts of the city, Ali Khan says: “In fact, there were not one, but two cities in front of me, fused like two halves of a nut shell. The shell was the outer city, lying on the other side of the ancient fortress wall. The streets in that city were wide, the houses were high... The border between Europe and Asia also ran through the outer city... And on this side of the fortress walls, the streets were narrow and crooked, like an eastern dagger. If there, behind the fortress wall, the towers of the Nobel oil fields pierced the sky, then here, into the fluffy clouds, the minarets of mosques ascended.”


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

[14] (Ali and Nino, chap. II).


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

“Our city is full of secrets that are hidden in its secluded corners. I love these secrets, love these nooks, love the buzzing darkness of the night, the whisper of the day in the courtyard of the mosque. I love it because it was here that Allah allowed me to be born a Shiite person, a follower of Imam Jafar. And if He is so merciful to me, let me die on this street, in this house where I was born,” [14] says Ali.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Nurangiz Khodjarova writes that these are the words of a person who is not only Asian or European, Muslim or Christian, but a person who carries peace and devotion in his heart that cannot be combined to nothing by any external forces [16].


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The topic of the confrontation between East and West is often found in the novel.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The book, represented by two lovers Ali and Nino, shows the difference between East and West, Asia and Europe, Islam and Christianity, two and different and similar cultures of the Caucasus.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Kurban Said reminds his readers about this again and again.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Nino feels terrible in Tehran, while Ali feels uneasy at one of the British parties at his new home in Baku and refuses to go to Paris.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

He says to Nino: “In Paris, I will be unhappy like you are in Iran. In someone else's environment, I'll drown like a whirlpool. Remember the Shamiran Palace, the harem. You couldn't bear Asia, I couldn't survive in Europe. Let's stay here in Baku, because Europe and Asia are so quietly intertwined here. I won't be able to go to Paris. There is no mosque, no fortress, no Seyid Mustafa. I need to breathe the air of Asia to bear this horde of foreigners who have flooded into Baku. You hated me during the muharrem, I'm going to hate you in Paris. Not right away, but after some carnival or ball you take me to, I'm going to start hating this alien world and you. So I have to stay here. I was born here and I want to die here.”


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

However, Ali, as well as Nino, a stranger in Iran, and Nina's role as hostess at a Western party seems fake.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Nevertheless, they are both happy in Baku, Tiflis and Shusha.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Because, as Elin Suleymanov notes, they are at home in the Caucasus [17].


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

According to Elin Suleymanov, the book is full of symbolism.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

For example, in the episode where Ali pursues the kidnapped Nino Nakhararyan on the famous Karabakh horse, he is a symbol of the East, while Nakhararyan is driving his European car, he is a symbol of the West [17].


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Baku to Ali and Nino


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The main action in the novel takes place in Baku.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The places of the city mentioned in the novel existed in reality.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The following table shows the places in the city mentioned in the novel.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Reviews and critics


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Reviewing the novel in Kommersant, columnist Anna Narinskaya defines its text as an orientalist stylization.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

She writes:


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The characters of the characters — courageous but ardent Ali and eccentric but faithful Nino — remain unchanged.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Fates are sealed.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Conversations are edifying naive.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

It would seem that Leyla and Majnun during the First World War and the Civil War [10].


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

“An outstanding book. Feels like I've found a treasure” — The New York Times


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

“A brilliant masterpiece... I can't remember a single love story like it in fiction” — Washington Star


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

“A touching and beautiful story... a vivid look at the clash of cultures and the immortality of love” — Time


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In culture


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In 2011, a movable sculpture “Ali and Nino” was installed in Batumi.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The sculptor is Tamara Kvesitadze, who was inspired to create the work by the novel.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The sculptures are seven meters high.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

At the very beginning, the sculpture was called “Man and Woman”.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

But after it was decided to install it in Batumi, the figures received the names of the heroes of Kurban Said's book — Ali and Nino.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Steel Ali and Nino slowly move towards each other, changing positions every 10 minutes until they meet and merge into one.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

After that, the reverse process begins, and then everything is new [20].


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In March 2007, on the basis of the alternative Youth Creative Center in Baku, a young director Elvin Mirzoev staged the play “Ali and Nino” on the stage of the House of Actors.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The performance was a resounding success and received a number of invitations to international theater festivals.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

But for unknown reasons, a few months later, the performance was closed.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Only 4 years later, Ali and Nino was restored as a director with a new troupe of the Baku Municipal Theater.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In 2012, Ali and Nino received an invitation to the Golden Mask All-Russian Theater Festival.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In the international block “Mask Plus”, the performance was presented on the stage of the Theater on Strastnom.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The performance was also a resounding success at the International Theater Festival “Melpomene of Tavria” in Kherson (Ukraine).


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Actress Nigar Hasanzade was awarded the Best Actress award and diploma for her role as Nino Kipiani.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The first world performers Ali and Nino are director and actor Elvin Mirzoev and Nigar Hasanzade.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Ali and Nino's film Ali and Nino was staged in England in 2016.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Maria Valverde plays Nino.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

A similar topic in literature


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Asli and Kerem are an anonymous dastan about the love of Azerbaijani Kerem and Armenian Asli [21] [22].


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Bahadur and Sona is a novel by Nariman Narimanov about the love of Azerbaijani student Bahadur and Armenian Sona [23].


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

In 1905, Jafar Jabbarli played a play about the love of Azerbaijani Bakhshi and Armenian Sona.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The Red Blanket — A. Bestuzhev about the love of an Azerbaijani woman for a Russian officer.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

The romantic story is a story by Stefan Zorian about the love of Azerbaijani Ali and Armenian Katarina.


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Notes


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

References


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Category:Novels of Azerbaijan


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Category:Novels in German


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Category:Novels by Kurban Said


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Category:Books about Azerbaijan


Question: Where did Ali and Nino hide in the book of the same name?

Ali & Nino

Category:Azerbaijani books


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel (German: Johann Gottlieb Kargel [lower-alpha 1]; 1849,, Russian Empire -,, Ukrainian SSR) - Christian writer, exeget, one of the most prominent theologians of the Russian Evangelical-Baptist movement, presbyter of the St. Petersburg Church of Evangelical Christians, minister of the prison mission.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

He is the author of the Brief Summary of the Doctrine of Evangelical Christians, compiled in 1913, which in 1966 became the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Biography


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Origins


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Johann Kargel was born in 1849 into a family of German colonists who lived in Georgia.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel's parents often changed their place of residence before and after his birth (at times they lived outside the Russian Empire — in Germany, England) [2].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

His mother, who is Armenian by nationality, gave her son a good upbringing [3].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

My father was German (not Mennonite).


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Princess Sophia Lieven testified that her father had Scottish roots [1] [4].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

According to one assumption, Kargel's parents moved to the Russian Empire from Bulgaria, which was then under Turkish rule, and therefore had Turkish citizenship [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The first years in faith


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Johann experienced an appeal to God in 1869 [lower-alpha 2].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

He was baptized by the German colonist, Baptist Martin Calveit on October 6, 1869 at 11 am in the Kura River near the cemetery in Tiflis [1] [7].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The Tiflis community was the first Russian Baptist community in the Russian Empire.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Its founder and first presbyter Nikita Voronin was baptized by Martin Calveit two years earlier than Kargel [8].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Around 1871, the Russian community of former Molokans, led by Voronin, and the small German community led by Calveit merged [8].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel was a member of this church [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In addition to Calveit and Voronin, Vasily Pavlov, one of the future leaders of Russian Baptist, was among the members of the community.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Vasily Ivanov also maintained close contacts with this community [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The Russian-speaking Evangelical-Baptist movement began to develop almost simultaneously in the Caucasus (where the Tiflis community became the center) and in Ukraine in the form of Stundism, and a few years later another “hearth” arose ” development in St. Petersburg in the form of the Pashkov movement.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The influence on the development of Stundism in the Ukrainian “hearth” was exerted by fraternal Mennonites from among the German colonists, close in their religion to the Baptists.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

After spending several years in Tiflis, Kargel moved to Odessa, where from July 1872 until Easter 1873 he lived in the family of Johann Wheeler, one of the leaders of the fraternal Mennonites (later the first chairman Union of Russian Baptists), probably renting a house from them [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1872 and 1873, Kargel made two trips to the Molochansky Mennonite District, taking part in the Mennonite conference in the colony of Klippenfeld on his second trip.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Here he met German Baptist Karl Ondra, whom he had previously met at Wheeler's house [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Ondra was the pastor of the German Baptist community in the Neudorf colony of Volyn Province, which was the “mother” for German communities in the region.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Ondra invited Kargel to head the community of the Sorochin colony, located near Neudorf.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

It was probably during this period that Kargel decided to devote himself entirely to the work of a missionary and pastor [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

When Kargel began pastoral and preaching work in Sorochin, he had not yet been ordained.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1873, the Sorochin community had 244 members, and the following year its number increased to 296 members.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel pastored the church for less than two years, during which time he spent six months in Hamburg studying at the local [lower-alpha 3].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

While Kargel was studying, Ondra took care of the church [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Upon graduation, Johann was ordained to pastoral service [3].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Some biographies of Kargel indicate that he also received a degree in mechanical engineering in Germany [lower-alpha 4], but later studies have shown that this is most likely not consistent reality [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Acquaintance with Pashkovtsy


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

At the beginning of 1875, Kargel left Sorochin for St. Petersburg.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

His trip had a dual purpose.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

On the one hand, at the request of the German Baptist Union, he had to petition the Russian government for official recognition of German Baptists who had previously been persecuted in Of Russia.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

On the other hand, Ondra took care of a German Baptist group in St. Petersburg [lower-alpha 5] and wanted Kargel to visit it [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

After visiting this community, torn apart by internal contradictions, Kargel decided to stay in St. Petersburg.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Probably, his decision was influenced by the prospects of missionary work in the capital.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Two years later, he wrote that between 45,000 and 50,000 Germans lived in St. Petersburg, which gave room for the mission [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel headed the community.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

By the spring of 1876, he had overcome the contradictions in this church, introduced discipline, established fixed membership, and performed eleven baptisms.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The community grew to 35 people [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In accordance with the Baptist tradition, baptisms were carried out by full immersion in water.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

One of the baptisms described by Kargel took place on Lake Shuvalovo with a large crowd of people [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In five years (1875—1880), the community grew from 34 to 100 people [9].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1877, Kargel went through a long process of obtaining Russian citizenship so as not to be expelled for his missionary activities [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1879, Kargel, taking advantage of a brief easing of legislation against Baptists [lower-alpha 6], managed to register a German-Baptist community with the city authorities.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

To do this, he had to take an oath of allegiance to the Russian tsar.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

According to the prescribed ceremony, he was supposed to kiss the cross and the Bible.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel said Baptists don't wear crosses or kiss the Bible.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Then he was told to simply sign the document and continue to report if heresies appeared among the Baptists [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In St. Petersburg, he met Vasily Pashkov.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

At his invitation, Kargel preached at meetings of Pashkov residents, without leaving his community.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

According to Sophia Lieven, although Kargel arrived in St. Petersburg as a believer, he “always considered Vasily Alexandrovich Pashkov his spiritual teacher and father in Christ” [11] [lower-alpha 7].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Pashkov's social circle included a wide variety of people, including representatives of the highest St. Petersburg aristocracy, who sincerely accepted the gospel teaching.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Subsequently, Pashkov himself and his associates provided Kargel not only spiritual, but also material support [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Bulgarian period


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1880, Kargel went to Bulgaria for missionary work.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In the same year, he married Evangelical Christian Anna Semenova, whom he met at Pashkov meetings (more on this in the Family section).


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel's biographer Gregory Nichols named three reasons for Kargel's move to Bulgaria.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

First, as a result of the brutal suppression by the Turks of the uprising of the Bulgarian patriots and the subsequent war of 1877—1878, the attention of Russian society was focused on the events in Bulgaria.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The Pashkov group prayed a lot for the fate of the Bulgarian people.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Secondly, due to health problems, Kargel had to change the St. Petersburg climate to a more favorable one.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Thirdly, there was a need for the baptism of a group of Bulgarian believers in the city of Kazanlak.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Protestant missionaries — Congregationalists, Methodists, and Baptists — were working in the country by this time.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1874, a group of Bulgarian believers from a congretionalist charitable enterprise in Kazanlak came to the Baptist belief that adult baptism was necessary, putting under questioning the congregational practice of child baptism.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The search for someone to teach them baptism lasted several years.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The leader of their group appealed to the German Baptist Union.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel learned about this group at a union congress in 1879 [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Arriving in Bulgaria, Johann Kargel immediately went to Kazanlak, where, after an interview about religion, on September 7, 1880, he baptized five believers, founding the first Bulgarian Baptist Church [1] .


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

He then settled in the city of Ruschuk, where the German Baptist community and warehouses were located [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel became the elder of this community and carried this ministry until 1884 [9].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Thanks to his wife, Johann learned Russian better and better.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

He preached to the local population in a mixture of Russian and Bulgarian.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

By 1883, he had baptized ten Bulgarians, two Jews and two Germans.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The former German community has become international.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Although Bulgarians were friendly to Russians, the preaching of a non-Orthodox Christian caused resistance among many.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Several members of the community were beaten and spent 12 days in prison, stones were thrown through the windows of Kargeli, and one of the baptisms was interrupted by hooligans [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1882, the Kargel couple and a group of believers from the Odessa German Baptist Church, led by Presbyter Liebig, organized a humanitarian mission for the victims of a large-scale bloody Jewish pogrom in the Russian border town of Balta.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

For five days, they distributed provisions to those in need [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Meanwhile, internal problems arose in the St. Petersburg German Baptist community and Pashkov, who largely financed Kargel's work in Bulgaria, repeatedly invited him to return to the capital.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Despite protests from Bulgarian believers, the Kargel family left Ruschuk in March 1884.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel later visited this community and was greeted with joy [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Second Saint Petersburg Period


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1884, Ivan Kargel participated in two historical evangelical congresses.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

First, at the Congress of Evangelical Christians, Baptists and Stundists in St. Petersburg, convened by Vasily Pashkov and Modest Korf [13] [lower-alpha 8].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

And then as deputy chairman — in the first congress of Russian, Ukrainian and German Baptists in the village of Novovasilevka, Taurida Province [14] [lower-alpha 9].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

After the expulsion of Vasily Pashkov and Modest Korf from Russia by the tsarist authorities [15] (May-June 1884) [10], Kargel did not restore his position in the German Baptist community of St. Petersburg, but became to take care of the “orphaned” community of Evangelical Pashkov Christians [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

He was helped by St. Petersburg aristocrats Chertkov, Gagarina and Lieven.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The community did not have a formal leader, an ordained minister [lower-alpha 10].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Due to the constant intervention of the police, evangelical Christian gatherings were held in various parts of the city [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Despite the protests of St. Petersburg evangelical Christians who wanted Kargel to stay in the city permanently, he still often made long trips — for missionary work, helping other communities or participating in conferences of believers [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Probably, since 1885, Kargel traveled to Russia with preacher Friedrich Baedeker, translating, if necessary, his sermons [16] [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Baedeker received permission from the government to visit prisons and places of exile to preach.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

On joint trips, Kargel and Baedeker visited many such places in various parts of the country, from the Caucasus to Sakhalin.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

More than 40,000 prisoners heard their sermons, and 12,000 Gospels were distributed [17] [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Petersburg journalist N. Zhivotov described Kargel as a person of “middle-aged, beautiful representative appearance.”


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Zhivotov wrote that he was very amazed by Kargel's well-read, his “extensive knowledge and brilliant oratorical skills” [18] [lower-alpha 11].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1903, Ivan Kargel participated in the First European Baptist Congress in Berlin, and in 1905 he participated in the First Baptist World Congress in London, where the Baptist World alliance [20].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1908, he published the first of his books, Light from the Shadow of Future Goods, based on his lectures [21].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1913, in connection with the emergence of the Pentecostal movement in Russia, which brought with it division into evangelical churches, Kargel wrote the book “What Do You Have to the Holy Spirit”, in which he expressed the creed of evangelical Christians [22].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Soviet period


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Ivan Kargel and his daughters, at the invitation of Princess Gagarina, spent the hungry 1919-1921 years in the village of Sergievsky, Tula Province (now the city of Plavsk), where the ancestral estate was located before the confiscation Gagarins and where the princess was well known for her large-scale charitable activities [23] [24].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Later he served as a preacher for a community of evangelical Christians in Kursk province, then in Sumy [24].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Along with his literary and preaching activities, Kargel taught Bible courses in Leningrad for five years, from 1924 to 1928, for which he made short trips there.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1929, he was arrested during the course and deported from Leningrad [2].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Until 1936, he lived in the village of Tokari (Berezhki) near the city of Lebedyn, Sumy region of Ukraine (where there was a community of evangelical Christians).


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1937, he was arrested and imprisoned, but soon released home to die.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

He has been living alone lately as his daughters have been arrested.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Before his death, he asked a neighbor to tell his daughters when they learned of his death that “I am more alive than ever” [2].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

He died on November 23, 1937 [12].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

family


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In 1880, Kargel married Anna Alexandrovna Semenova [25], whom he met at meetings of Pashkov residents.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Anna was born on October 11, 1852 in St. Petersburg, studied at the Catherine Institute and had a home teacher diploma [26].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Anna was friends with the Pashkovs, but no evidence of her aristocratic origin was found [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Johann and Anna were married in a German Baptist church in Tulcea, Romania.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Probably, they were forced to marry outside the Russian Empire, because they could not get married in the Orthodox Church [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In the same year, the young couple began missionary service in Bulgaria [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

They had four daughters in marriage [3].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Anna was born in 1882 [lower-alpha 12], Elena was born in Bulgaria in 1883 (Kargel served as a pastor there at that time), Maria was born in 1886 in Estonia, Elizaveta in St. Petersburg in 1887 [2] [12 ] [27].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Wife Anna, according to Sophia Lieven, was “an active sister full of love and good deeds” [25].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Anna died on May 17, 1907 of diphtheria, after just two or three days of illness [lower-alpha 13].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel never remarried.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Daughters became believers from an early age.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

They helped their father: they worked on books, participated in missionary activities.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

They did not marry for the sake of Christian service [9] [2].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The eldest daughter Anna died in 1921 or a little later [lower-alpha 14].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The rest of the daughters were arrested during the years of Stalinist persecution.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Elena was shot on January 16, 1938 [12], and Elizabeth and Maria served sentences in the Baimsky branch of Siblag.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Elizaveta Ivanovna was released on June 23, 1943 and died in 1956 of pneumonia, and Maria Ivanovna was released on August 23, 1946.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

After their release, the sisters lived in the Yashkinsky District of the Kemerovo Region [12] [29] [30].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Spiritual heritage


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Historian Wilhelm Calais noted that Kargel was not an organizer, like co-religionist pastors Prokhanov and Vetler, but an outstanding preacher and interpreter of the Holy Scriptures [24].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Some researchers have emphasized that Kargel's fame among believers is disproportionately low compared to his contribution to the history and theology of evangelical Baptist Christians.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Lev Mitrokhin wrote: “The diverse practical, and most importantly, spiritual activity of this greatest theologian is still waiting for its thoughtful researcher” [15].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Marina Karetnikova, a Baptist historian and biographer of Kargel, said: “A. IN. Karev called him a great theologian. And this is so. He actually developed and formulated the evangelical-Baptist doctrine adopted by our Brotherhood” [9].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Comparisons with Prokhanov


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel is sometimes compared to another leader of evangelical Christians, Ivan Prokhanov.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

According to historian Tatyana Nikolskaya, Kargel is a person less famous than Prokhanov, although no less significant.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

“In a sense, they can even be called antagonists,” Nikolskaya believes [29].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Sophia Lieven, noting the difference between the St. Petersburg communities of evangelical Christians headed by Kargel and Prokhanov, wrote: “Brother Kargel sought mainly to deepen believers in the knowledge of the Lord and His Words, and Brother Prokhanov called on his members to actively participate in community life: he organized a youth union, a choir, and so on” [11].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Philosopher and religious scholar Lev Mitrokhin, comparing Kargel's theology with the ideas of Prokhanov, noted the latter's “lightness”, susceptibility to the “trends of the times” and the desire to please the followers of “convenient Christianity.”


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

“If in the reasoning of I. S. Prokhanov about the “new life” feels a polemical mood against Mazaev's Baptist model, then Kargel feels, surprisingly, a desire to distance himself from the cheerful and fictional views of the first,” Mitrokhin wrote [15].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Theology


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

During Kargel's studies at the missionary school (the future Hamburg Baptist Seminary), systematic theology was not taught there at all, the emphasis was placed on exegetics of the Bible.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

According to Cargel's biographer Gregory Nichols, the consequence of this approach was Cargel's further upholding of biblical, rather than systematic understanding of faith [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In his theological works, Ivan Kargel paid great attention to the impact of the Holy Spirit on believers, birth again, sanctification, sin, and the second coming of Christ.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel's views were influenced by the Holiness Movement and, focusing on theology and practice of consecration [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

These ideas were reflected in his theology, “but in a very peculiar way, in Russian,” Karetnikova said [9].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Gregory Nichols considered Kargel's views on consecration similar to Orthodox theology of deification, but argued that the Orthodox ethos in which the theologian lived did not have a significant impact on him [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

“Kargel's theological works are focused on the needs of communities, he did not deal with pure science, abstract, philosophical issues or topics far from life,” says researcher Ivan Makarenko [31].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Thus, Kargel responded to the emergence of Pentecostalism in Russia and the introduction of divisions by Pentecostals into evangelical communities with a series of lectures on this movement [31].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel was very concerned about cooling faith, pacifying the Church, and merging it with the world.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

In one of his main works, Christ is Our Sanctification, he focused on the fact that churches that spend a lot of time on missionary activities often do not pay enough attention counseling work among those already converted, which causes them to lose the freshness of gaining faith and gradually merge more and more with the “world” (non-Christian society) [32].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Seeing the advent of “modernism” in Christianity, Ivan Kargel tried to present the true Evangelical-Baptist confession as he saw it, without any simplification or “relief” [15].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

According to Kargel, the enthusiasm of Christians who have just converted for their own salvation is premature.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Christ's atoning sacrifice only gave man an opportunity for salvation.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

A person must realize himself not just a sinner, but a lost sinner, placing the hope of salvation on the Lord.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

He must “die for the world”.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

According to Kargel's theology, turning to Christ is not a reason for complacency, but only the beginning of the path of salvation, which is the way to sanctify the believer, the way to fight sin.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

[15] [32].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The influence of Russian Protestants on theology


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Mitrokhin wrote that Ivan Kargel's views became an integral part of the ideological development of Russian Baptist.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Thus, the program document of the “initiators” of the 1960s “On Holiness and Sanctification” almost literally repeated his views, and it was Kargel's interpretation of the decisive role of the Holy Spirit that became theological the foundation for their break with VSEHB.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

The call of the “initiators” to appear for a “silent examination of Jesus” is also based on Kargel's ideas [15].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Ivan Makarenko, a historian and researcher of Kargel theology, noted that, on the one hand, Kargel's works played a very important role in the formation of Russian Protestantism, on the other hand, they did not the basis for a special theological school.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

At the same time, a few Russian evangelical theologians treat the text of the Holy Scriptures in the same way as Kargel — “as a sacred, religious, moral text”, and not a historical rarity.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Makarenko believes that in this aspect Kargel has a connection and continuation in modern Baptist theology.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

According to Makarenko, comparing Kargel's attitude to the Holy Scriptures with modern perceptions of the Bible by gospel theologians is a promising topic for research [33].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

According to Gregory Nichols [lower-alpha 15], Kargel's ministry helped shape the Russian evangelical movement and the manifestation of evangelical spirituality in Russian Baptist.


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

As Nichols emphasized, his influence was not limited to the territory of the Russian Empire, but also spread to neighboring countries: Kargel's contribution as the main, fundamental, is determined in its formation ALL, Russian-speaking unions of Baptists and Pentecostals; Baptists in Germany, Bulgaria and Estonia, Russian-speaking evangelical Christians in Finland [1].


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Bibliography


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

See also


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Kargel's creed


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Ivan Stepanovich Prokhanov


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

comments


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Notes


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Literature


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

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Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

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Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Category:Russian theologians


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Ivan Kargel

Category:Baptists


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Ivan Kargel

Category:Russian Baptists


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Category:Evangelical Christians


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Ivan Kargel

Category:Protestant theologians


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Category:Pastors


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Ivan Kargel

Category: 19th-century church leaders


Question: In what country was Ivan Veniaminovich Kargel born?

Ivan Kargel

Category: 20th-century church leaders


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Ivan Kargel

Category:Repressed in the USSR


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Infantry is the main branch of the armed forces in the ground forces and armed forces of states.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Earlier in Russia, in the Old Russian and imperial periods — “Infantry People”, “Infantry”.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Infantry is designed to conduct combat operations on foot (on their own feet), later on combat vehicles (abroad - motorized infantry, in Russia - motorized rifles), is the oldest and most massive a branch of the armed forces (formerly called the type of weapon) in the history of military affairs, wars and armed conflicts.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

History


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Infantry is the oldest branch of the armed forces and has been the main branch of the ground army almost throughout the history of mankind.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Even the appearance of cavalry, chariots, and war elephants on the battlefields in ancient times did not affect this much.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

With the advent of a more versatile horseman cavalry, the infantry loses its importance somewhat, but not much, and after the “hoplit revolution” in ancient Greece, the linear system of a well-trained infantry (phalanx) and heavy weapons make infantry the main part of the army for a long time.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The advantage of heavily armed infantry remained until the 1st and 3rd centuries AD.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

and in the army of Ancient Rome was leveled, mainly, by the barbarization of the army.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

antiquity was armed with edged weapons: spears, darts, sometimes swords and wore armor that effectively protected against most of the striking elements of its time.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Light infantry and cavalry were mainly intended for auxiliary operations and were armed with spears, bows and other edged weapons, and they could or could not have armor.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Greek and then Roman infantry dominated the battlefields until the collapse of the Roman Empire.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In Asia, infantry was somewhat inferior in importance to cavalry, especially in the steppe regions, where maneuver and speed of movement of troops were most often decisive.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In early medieval Europe, wars were fought by untrained armies with the involvement of a significant militia, where the main thing was not the skills, but the personal courage of the soldier.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The introduction of organized heavy cavalry in European armies made it possible for cavalry to defeat significant forces of untrained infantry in the field and separated military classes from non-military ones.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

(To a large extent, the lack of training of the early medieval European armies led to the military victories of Byzantium during the manifestation of Emperor Justinian — Byzantium fully preserved the Roman ideology organization of the army by improving the fleet. In particular, the Byzantine army, like the Roman army at one time, was well trained, and the Byzantine infantry, which knew how to fight against knightly cavalry, was an unpleasant surprise for early medieval European kingdoms.)


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Later, the need for well-trained infantry gave rise to mercenaries, which eventually led to the revival of linear heavy infantry, fighting in an organized dense formation.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The second factor in the revival of infantry was the return to arming the infantrymen with long spears.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

(Long spears placed in front of dense infantry formation are very effective against cavalry attacks.)


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

From that moment on, heavy knightly cavalry broke into dense organized infantry battle formations.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

With the revival of organized line infantry, the era of mercenaries began (“The Mercenary Killed the Signora.”) At first it was Swiss infantry, then the Landsknechts were added to it.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

During this period, residents of Switzerland, and then the German lands, fought “on order” throughout Europe.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In addition to the versatility and flexibility of well-organized and trained infantry (and it could not only attack in an organized manner, but also retreat in an organized manner), the development of infantry was largely influenced by economic factor.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

It was easier, faster and cheaper to train an infantryman than a cavalryman.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Against the cavalry, the infantry used long spears and a formation like an ancient phalanx or Roman squares, bristling forward with peaks in several rows.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Swordsmen, armed with two-handed swords in most European armies, opposed the enemy's pikemen.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Archers and crossbowmen dealt damage to the enemy, usually from the backs of their pikemen and swordsmen.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

With the increase in the effectiveness of small arms — bows, crossbows, and later firearms, infantry has evolved towards increasing shooters and reducing the number of spearmen (pikemen) and melee infantrymen swordsmen.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V consisted of 10 musketeers with each badge or infantry company.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Subsequently, their number increased greatly, and, finally, they accounted for up to two-thirds of all infantry.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

This was the composition of the troops during the Thirty Years' War.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

One of the first military formations in Russia, which were armed with firearms, were archers - semi-regular infantry of the territorial type.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the work of Italian F. Tiepolo, compiled from eyewitness accounts, describes the Russian infantry of the middle of the 16th century as follows: “Infantry wears the same caftans (as cavalry), and few have helmets.”


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The quantitative increase in the composition of warring armies led to the need to increase the maneuverability of the infantry, which led to the appearance of dragoons (infantry moving out of combat on horseback).


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

With the massive appearance of reliable muskets in service with the infantry and the invention of a baginet first, and then a bayonet, by the end of the 17th century, pikemen disappeared from the infantry system (although not completely).


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Since that time, the main type has become line infantry - infantry armed with smoothbore muzzle-loading weapons (muskets, fusees) with bayonets, fighting in a closed formation.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The main type of combat during this period was bayonet, hand-to-hand combat.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Initially, they tried to build infantry in ranks to inflict maximum damage to the enemy with rifle fire.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

However, it was impossible to effectively maneuver in wide ranks, which led to a violation of the unified system and, as a rule, to defeat.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The classic construction of infantry was the construction of battalion and regimental columns.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The effectiveness of small arms fire was achieved by volley firing at dense enemy orders.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

It seems paradoxical that the opponents built their orders in a dense formation, in which the enemy inflicted the greatest damage, with fire from hand small arms and artillery.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

However, do not forget that the main type of battle of line infantry was bayonet hand-to-hand combat with preliminary damage to the enemy by volley rifle shooting, which, due to imperfection and the inaccuracies of firearms at that time were not very effective.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Hand grenades appeared in service with line infantry, which led to the emergence of infantry such as grenadiers.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

When approaching enemy troops, in addition to rifle fire, they threw grenades at the enemy, and decided the outcome of the battle with a bayonet battle.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Therefore, tall, physically strong and hardy soldiers were selected for the line infantry, and especially grenadiers.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

An important factor in the military training of line infantry was training in the “combat combat step” and combat rebuilding.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The rhythm of the infantry step was knocked out by drummers


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

That is why infantry training included daily combat training on the parade ground.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the middle of the 18th century, there was a need for light infantry — rangers — fighting mainly with small arms and, unlike line infantry, operating in loose battle formations.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The huntsman was armed with rifled carbines (initially with fittings) and were especially effective on rough and wooded areas.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Unlike line infantry, huntsman recruited people who were stunted, dexterous, capable of individual combat operations or actions in small groups.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the training of rangers, preference was given to rifle training, movement on the ground and camouflage.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the middle of the 19th century, rifles appeared, and instead of line and light infantry, a single infantry appeared - rifle troops.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Infantry tactics have changed radically.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The main type of infantry combat was fire combat.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Due to the catastrophic damage from small arms fire, infantry now attacked in a chain, thus minimizing losses from enemy fire.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Trenches began to be used during defense.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In Russia, in the 18th and early 20th centuries, infantry was called infantry (Italian: infanterie - infanterie - infantry).


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Until the middle of the 20th century, infantry was considered the main branch of the army.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the 1950s, many countries began to introduce the supremacy of strategic weapons (missiles, strategic aircraft) into their doctrines, but this process has not been completed.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Infantry is the main branch of the armed forces.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

With their decisive advance in the offensive and stubborn resistance in defense, the infantry, in close cooperation with artillery and aviation, decides the outcome of the battle.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The infantry bears the brunt of the battle.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Therefore, the purpose of the rest of the armed forces participating in a joint battle with the infantry is to act in its interests, ensuring its advance in the offensive and steadfastness in defense.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Nowadays, infantry can use transport and transport combat vehicles.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

For a long time, the infantry used mainly hand small arms.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In modern conditions (XXI century), a wide range of weapons (including missiles) can be used.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Terminology


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In a number of States, it is referred to as “infantry”.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Infantry (outdated Italian infanteria, from infante - “young man, infantryman”), the name of infantry in the armed forces of a number of foreign countries.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In Russia, in the 18th and early 20th centuries, the term “infantry” was used in official documents along with the term “infantry”.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Rifle troops


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In many sources, there is often an erroneous statement that infantry in the Red Army was called infantry as a branch of the armed forces.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

According to TSB, the wording “rifle troops” is the general name of infantry units, units and formations until the beginning of the 2nd half of the 20th century, without specifying the countries or states in which it existed name.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

It is also mentioned that


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the Armed Forces of the USSR, since October 1918, by order of the RVSR No. 61 of October 11, 1918, all infantry formations, units and units were renamed “rifle” [1].


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

However, only the formations that made up the branch of the armed forces were renamed, but not the branch of the armed forces itself.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The first confirmation of this relates to the publication of the book “Combat Charter of the Red Army Infantry” (BUP-27), published by Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 182 of April 2, 1927, in the table of contents of which the following wording is given:


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Accordingly, specialized schools that train officers for the infantry were called infantry schools.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

For example, the Ryazan Infantry School, established in 1918 and later renamed the Ryazan Infantry School, and their graduates were sent to the rifle troops.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

NO. P10.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Report of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR and the Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army to the Central Committee IN. Stalin On the plan for the development and reorganization of...


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

... I.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Plan for the development and reorganization of the ground forces of the Red Army


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

A. Rifle troops


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

a) The composition of the peacetime rifle troops by January 1, 1938.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Rifle troops in peacetime (by January 1, 1938) consist of 96 rifle divisions, including:


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Recruitment and mixed divisions 52


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

... Vrid.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Chief of the 4th Department of the General Staff of the Red Army, brigade commander (Krasilnikov)


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the Supreme Command of the Red Army, an official responsible for the state of the infantry was appointed.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Until 1940, this position was called “Chief of the Infantry Department”.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The Infantry Department was located in the structure of the Central Office of the NPO of the USSR [2].


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

After 1940, the position was called “Inspector General of the Infantry of the Red Army” [3].


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

During the Great Patriotic War, this position was renamed the “Chief Inspector of the Infantry of the Red Army” with the expansion of duties and rights.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Officially, this position was established by Order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Marshal Stalin No. 270/0381 of November 25, 1944 [4].


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Subordination of infantry units


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Currently, in the armed forces of many states, infantry (motorized infantry, mechanized infantry, motorized rifle troops) is not part of the Central Subordination Forces.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

That is, unlike other branches of the armed forces, it does not have its own centralized command and control by branch of the armed forces in the Ministry of Defense.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Unlike the formations of the Airborne Forces, Air Defense Forces, Engineering Troops, Signals Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, Air Force, RCBZ troops, etc., infantry formations are subordinate to regional command and associations (military headquarters districts, army headquarters, etc.).


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Organizationally, infantry units are part of the Ground Forces (SV), the structure of which is officially fixed in the armed forces of almost all states.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The Army is subordinate to the Commander of the Land Forces.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the same situation in many states are tank troops and artillery troops that are part of the Army.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Accordingly, the infantry units of the Airborne Forces and Navy are subordinate to the command of the Airborne Forces and Navy.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Infantry tactics


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Red Army Rifle Troops Offensive Tactics


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

... Almost always stubborn in defense, skillful in night and forest battles, trained in insidious fighting techniques, very skillful in using the terrain, camouflaging and building field fortifications, unpretentious...


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the rifle troops of the Red Army used the tactics of a massive attack by all means and forces.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The attack was preceded by artillery shelling of enemy positions.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Rifle troops attacked with the end of artillery preparation and simultaneously with the transfer of artillery fire deep into the enemy's defense.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The infantrymen, firing from all types of personal weapons, threw all their might closer to the enemy at a minimum distance, threw grenades at the enemy's trenches and went into hand-to-hand combat.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The combined action of rifle and armored forces increased the effectiveness and speed of the attack.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The transition from massive infantry attacks to the combined use of heavy equipment and infantry units by the end of the war marked the beginning of the development of the Soviet doctrine of combined arms combat [5].


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The key to this offensive tactic was speed and onslaught.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In some cases, the defenders, in order not to be destroyed in the cramped space of the trenches, counterattacked.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Similar tactics were used by the Wehrmacht troops.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Other tactical schemes were used for oncoming combat and striking engineering unprepared positions.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Varieties


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Sagittarius


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Spearmen


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Pikiners


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Squeakers


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Fusiliers


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Musketeers


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Haiduks


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Serdyuki


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Dragoons


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Grenadiers


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Voltigeurs


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Cossacks


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Plastuns


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Modern varieties


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Motorized rifle troops.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The main means of personnel delivery is vehicles and armored vehicles.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the US Army, it is referred to as motorized infantry (motorized infantry).


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In some European armies, they are still called dragoons.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Marines.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The main means of delivery to the place of warfare is sea or river transport, followed by landing ashore.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Air Infantry (Airborne Forces).


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The main means of delivery to the place of warfare is military transport aviation, followed by parachute landing or disembarkation after landing (the latter option is especially common used for helicopter landing).


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Mountain Infantry (Mountain Rifle Troops).


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The main means of delivery to the zone of warfare is partial delivery by car and armored vehicles or disembarkation from helicopters, as well as a foot march.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Modern terminology


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Since 1957, in the USSR Armed Forces (as well as in the RF Armed Forces), infantry has been called motorized rifle troops.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The first official mention in unclassified paperwork, of motorized rifle troops as a branch of the armed forces, refers to the Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union R. ME.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Malinovsky No. 70 of March 29, 1958 (Chapter V. Insignia. Regulation No. 82) [6].


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

In the armies of other states, at the present stage, the term Mechanized Infantry is used more often than Motorized Infantry:


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Belarusian: mataryzavan pyakhota


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Ukrainian: mechanized pihota


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Kazakh: mechanicalandyrylgan asker


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

English: machanized infantry,


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

French: Infanterie mécanisée,


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Spanish: Infantería mecanizada,


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Turkish: mekanize piyade,


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

German: mechanisierte Infanterie


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Slovak: Motostrelecké vojsko


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Italian: Fanteria meccanizzata


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Dutch: Gemechaniseerde infanterie


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

See also


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Mechanized infantry


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Motorized infantry


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Infantry General


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Rifle division


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Rifle Corps


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Army


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Notes


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Literature


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Kolosov Ye.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

E.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Russian military book of Peter the Great's time.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

, Kniga Publishing House, 1968.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Anisimov Ye.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

The time of Peter the Great's reforms


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

: Lenizdat, 1989.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Leonov O. G., Ulyanov I. E.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Regular infantry 1698-1801.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Combat chronicle, organization, uniforms, weapons, equipment.


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

References


Question: Where did Motorized Infantry first come about?

infantry

Svechin A.


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infantry


Question: What is Burma's name for June 2019?

Parliament of Georgia

Coordinates:


Question: What is Burma's name for June 2019?

Parliament of Georgia

The Parliament of Georgia (Georgian: Sakartvelos Parliament) is the highest legislative body of Georgia.


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Parliament of Georgia

Locations


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Parliament of Georgia

Since 2012, the Parliament of Georgia has been located in a new building in the city of Kutaisi at 26 Abashidze Street.


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Parliament of Georgia

Prior to that, the parliament was located in an old building in Tbilisi on Rustaveli Avenue.


Question: What is Burma's name for June 2019?

Parliament of Georgia

The old building was built in 1938-1953 according to the project of Viktor Kokorin and Georgy Lezhav.


Question: What is Burma's name for June 2019?

Parliament of Georgia

Status and regulations


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Parliament of Georgia

Currently, the Parliament of Georgia is convened for two sessions; spring (February-June) and autumn (September-December).


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Parliament of Georgia

Weeks of plenary sessions and committee work alternate.


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Parliament of Georgia

The legislative power of the Parliament of Georgia, according to the Constitution of Georgia, is limited by the legislative power of the parliaments of the autonomous republics — Abkhazia (now uncontrolled) and Adjara.


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Parliament of Georgia

History


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Parliament of Georgia

Georgian historians begin the history of parliamentarism in Georgia with an unsuccessful attempt to organize a darbazi, an aristocratic meeting like the Seimas or States General under Queen Tamara (12th century); this the attempt failed because of the victory of the Queen's absolutist aspirations over the aristocratic opposition.


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Parliament of Georgia

In 1906-1917, deputies from Georgia sat in the State Duma of the Russian Empire, including Noah Zhordania, Irakli Tsereteli, Ilya Chavchavadze, Carlo Chkheidze and other prominent politicians.


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Parliament of Georgia

In 1918, the first Georgian parliament was established in the Democratic Republic of Georgia.


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Parliament of Georgia

In 1921, the Georgian SSR was formed during the establishment of Soviet power, there was the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR in which there was a one-party system headed by the ruling one until 1991 Communist Party of the Georgian SSR, which is part of the CPSU.


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Parliament of Georgia

The first multi-party elections were held on October 28, 1990, and Zviad Gamsakhurdia, later the President of Georgia, was elected its chairman.


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Parliament of Georgia

In 1991-1992, Gamsakhurdia had a conflict with Parliament, which escalated into an armed clash, as a result of which the Supreme Soviet was dispersed by military force.


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Parliament of Georgia

In November 1992, nationwide elections to the new Parliament were held.


Question: What is Burma's name for June 2019?

Parliament of Georgia

Current composition


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Parliament of Georgia

It is unicameral and consists of 150 deputies.


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Parliament of Georgia

77 deputies are elected from lists, 73 — from single-member constituencies.


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Parliament of Georgia

All deputies are elected for a term of 4 years on the basis of universal suffrage.


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Parliament of Georgia

Convocation 2016—2020


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Parliament of Georgia

Date of election: October 29, 2016.


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Parliament of Georgia

Irakli Kobakhidze, Chairman of the Parliament


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Parliament of Georgia

Factions


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Parliament of Georgia

for March 2018


Question: What is Burma's name for June 2019?

Parliament of Georgia

Majority:


Question: What is Burma's name for June 2019?

Parliament of Georgia

Georgian dream — Democratic Georgia,


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Parliament of Georgia

Georgian Dream Conservatives,


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Parliament of Georgia

Georgian Dream Entrepreneurs,


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Parliament of Georgia

Georgian Dream-Greens,


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Parliament of Georgia

The Georgian dream is for the development of regions,


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Parliament of Georgia

The Georgian Dream is Social Democrats,


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Parliament of Georgia

The Georgian dream is economy,


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Parliament of Georgia

Georgian dream is an energetic Georgia;


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Parliament of Georgia

Minority:


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Parliament of Georgia

European Georgia,


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Parliament of Georgia

Freedom Movement-European Georgia,


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Parliament of Georgia

European Georgia-regions;


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Parliament of Georgia

Independent faction: National Movement;


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Parliament of Georgia

Independent faction: Alliance of Patriots.


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Parliament of Georgia

Last line-up


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Parliament of Georgia


Question: What is Burma's name for June 2019?

Parliament of Georgia

Date of election: October 1, 2012.


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Parliament of Georgia

David Usupashvili, Chairman of the Parliament


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Parliament of Georgia

for july 2016


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Parliament of Georgia

Majority: 1 Georgian Dream — Democratic Georgia, 2 GD Republicans, 3 GD Conservatives, 4 GD Entrepreneurs, 5 GD Independent Majoritarian Democrats, 6 GD Independent Democrats for Strong Regions;


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Parliament of Georgia

Minority: 7 United National Movement, 8 Majoritarians, 9 Regions, 11 UND-for United Georgia;


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Parliament of Georgia

Independent faction: 11 Free Democrats;


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Parliament of Georgia

Independent faction: 12th National Forum.


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Parliament of Georgia

2008—2012 convocation


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Parliament of Georgia

Date of election: May 21, 2008.


Question: What is Burma's name for June 2019?

Parliament of Georgia

David Bakradze, Speaker of the Parliament.