Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In May 2011, Nokia announced that it would update Symbian³ smartphones to Symbian Anna, and later, in August 2011, to the Nokia Belle firmware version (originally Symbian Belle).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

But not all N-series smartphones were on the Symbian operating system.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia released Nokia N800, N810 and N900 smartphones with the Maemo operating system based on the Linux operating system.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Later, the company released the Nokia N9 smartphone, using the MeeGo operating system based on Linux, using the developments of Maemo (from Nokia) and Moblin (from Intel).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Platform change


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On August 12, 2009, Nokia and Microsoft entered into a partnership agreement.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

As part of the agreement, Nokia and Microsoft developers have begun to create Microsoft Office Mobile and corporate communication tools for Nokia smartphones running the operating system Symbian.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

These solutions were aimed at a wide range of devices, starting with E-series business smartphones, and new joint products were planned in the future [34]


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On February 11, 2011, the company announced a full partnership with Microsoft, deciding to use the Windows Phone operating system for its mobile devices [35] [36].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This platform was supposed to be the main component of Nokia's smartphone strategy.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

At the same time, according to unofficial data, Microsoft will pay Nokia about $1 billion for the transition to Windows Phone [37].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

It was also announced that Nokia was not going to completely abandon the already used Symbian and that this operating system would be used in some models of its smartphones.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The MeeGo operating system will also remain as an open platform and a product based on it is still planned to be released.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Bing will become the main search engine for Nokia gadgets and services.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The decision to switch to the use of the Windows Phone operating system in their mobile devices caused mixed reactions from both the company's partners and employees of the Finnish telephone giant [38].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

After the announcement of the alliance, Nokia stock prices fell by 14%, which was the largest drop since July 2009 [39].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On May 16, 2011, the company announced on its blog that it intends to abandon the Ovi brand, which combines the music service, app store and many other services of the Finnish company, in favor of Nokia Services .


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

According to the company, after abandoning Ovi, Nokia expects to strengthen its own brand [40] [41].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On October 26, 2011, the first Nokia phones based on the Windows Phone 7 operating system, the Nokia Lumia 800 and 710 smartphones [42], were presented, and later, in early 2012, two more smartphones from of this series, Nokia Lumia 900 and 610 [43].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On September 5, 2012, at the presentation of Nokia World 2012, new devices based on Windows Phone 8, the Nokia Lumia 920 and 820 smartphones, were presented.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

At the Mobile World Congress in February 2013, two more models based on Windows Phone 8 were presented.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

These are Nokia Lumia 720 and Nokia Lumia 520 smartphones.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2013, Nokia began an experiment to change the Asha platform to Android with Windows Phone design and without Google services, in which it was supposed to release Nokia X, X+, XL instead of Asha in five colors : green, red, yellow, black, blue.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Since August 2014, Microsoft has begun rebranding Nokia devices and products used on Windows Phone.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Thus, most of Nokia's unique Nokia Lumia apps have been renamed Lumia.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In July 2016, it was reported that Nokia was preparing smartphones based on the Android 7.0 Nougat platform with the Snapdragon 820 chipset [44].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2017, Nokia released a number of smartphones based on Android 7.0 Nougat and on the S40 platform.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Owners and management


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia (FWB:,, NYSE:) is the largest Finnish company by market capitalization.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Its capitalization ($19.02 billion as of January 2012 [45]) accounted for a significant share (up to a third in 2007) of the total market capitalization of all Finnish companies listed on the Stock Exchange Helsinki is a unique situation for a developed industrial country [46].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Until recently, Stephen Elop was the president of the corporation, who moved from Microsoft and replaced Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo on September 21, 2010 [7].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

After the announcement of the sale of Nokia's mobile division, Risto Siilasmaa, who previously held the post of chairman of the board of directors, was appointed interim head.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On April 29, 2014, changes in the company's management were announced from May 1: CEO was appointed CEO, who had headed Nokia Solutions and Networks (NSN) since 2009; Risto Siilasmaa again assumes the post of Chairman of the Board of Directors [47]


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Corporation structure


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia is a public company listed on the Frankfurt and New York Stock Exchanges, as well as on the Helsinki Stock Exchange.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The management of the company is divided between shareholders at the general meeting and the management of the company (Nokia Leadership Team) [48].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This process takes place under the guidance of the board of directors [49].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The chairman and other members of the company's management are appointed by the board of directors


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

From the management of the company, only the chairman can also belong to the board of directors.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The Board of Directors includes an audit committee, a personnel committee and a corporate governance and nominating committee [50].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company's activities are regulated by a system based on the Finnish “Companies Act” [51], the company's charter [52], corporate governance principles and acts adopted by the board of directors.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Departments


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

As of 2016, the company has two key divisions:


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia Networks (until August 2013 was called Nokia Siemens Networks).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This division is Europe's largest developer, manufacturer and supplier of telecommunications equipment for fixed and mobile operators around the world.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In May 2016, after the completion of the deal with Alcatel-Lucent, it expanded its market presence and became the second supplier of telecommunications equipment in Europe (after Swedish Ericsson).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia Technologies


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This division was founded in 2014 shortly after the sale of the mobile division to Microsoft.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

He is engaged in the development of advanced technologies and licensing the Nokia brand to third parties.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company came to this development strategy due to the lack of its own plants for the production of mobile devices (under the terms of the contract, the production and assembly plants became the property the newly formed mobile division of Microsoft Mobile).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company's key products today (2016) are the Nokia N1 tablet (developed jointly with Foxconn) and a virtual reality camera.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Also, after the completion of the deal with the French company Withings, the latter becomes a division for the development and promotion of digital health technologies.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The division also oversees the activities of the newly formed Finnish company HMD Global, which, as part of a ten-year (under the terms of the transaction) strategic partnership, will develop design, software, promotion and production of new mobile devices (entry-level phones, smartphones and tablets) under the Nokia brand.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Activities


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company produces mobile devices for all major mobile communication standards, including GSM, CDMA and UMTS.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company has several factories located in the Asian region.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2012, in order to save money, production at factories in Finland, Hungary, Romania, and Mexico was closed.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2009, she introduced a netbook — Booklet 3G [53].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia Siemens Networks, a joint venture between Nokia and Siemens, produces equipment, services and other solutions for building telecommunications systems.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company is engaged in serious research work: as of December 2009, Nokia research centers located in 16 countries employed 37,000 people [11].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The total number of Nokia employees is 113.5 thousand people (2012) [54].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The Nokia Research Center, founded in 1986, employs about 500 researchers, engineers and scientists.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia Research Center is represented in seven countries around the world: Finland, China, India, Kenya, Germany, Switzerland, Great Britain and the United States.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In addition, in 2001, Nokia founded the Instituto Nokia de Tecnologia technology research institute in Brazil.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company owns nine production plants in Finland, Brazil, Romania, China, Hungary, India, Mexico and South Korea.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company is engaged in research and production in several countries; in December 2010, Nokia's R&D centers were located in 16 countries and had 36,000 employees, or 27 % of the company's total number of employees.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In January 2018, Rajiv Suri, CEO of the company, spoke about a new project — a bracelet that will be able to predict cancer a few months before its appearance [55].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Performance indicators


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2007, the company ranked first in the world in the supply of mobile phones.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company's revenue in 2009 under IFRS amounted to 41.0 billion euros (in 2008 it was 50.7 billion euros), operating profit was 1.2 billion euros (5.0 billion euros), net profit was 891 million euros (4.0 billion euros) [11].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2010, it occupied 32% (in real terms) of the global mobile device market, a year earlier — 34% [7] (according to its own data, according to Gartner estimates, Nokia's share is already smaller — 28.9% in 2010 and 36.4% a year earlier [56]).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2011, the share in global production fell to 31%.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The company lost 1.07 billion euros in the fourth quarter of 2011.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Of these, 1 billion are funds written off for the purchase of Navteq [57].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2011, Nokia's sales fell.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

For example, 77.3 million smartphones were sold (100.3 million in 2010).


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The fall occurred against the background of the growth of the smartphone market by 60%.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

As a result, Nokia's share in this segment fell from 29% to 12%.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

A drop in sales was also recorded in the phone market: 417 million phones were sold in 2011, compared to 452 million in 2010 [57].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia's sales in the last quarter of 2012 amounted to 8 billion euros against 10 billion euros in 2011.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

At the same time, the company's activities in the fourth quarter of 2012 became profitable again after a year and a half of losses [58].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In January 2013, Nokia Vice President Timo Ihamuotila admitted that the company had not been able to meet the demand for the latest smartphone models in 2012 and that the company achieved only 10% in some markets share of their smartphones based on the Windows operating system [59].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Also in January 2013, it was announced that for the first time in more than 20 years, the company refused to pay dividends [58].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia in Russia


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

On June 1, 1989, a joint venture with MGTS was established AMT, which was engaged in mobile communications in Moscow according to the MPT 1327 standard, paging and maintenance of DX-200 PBX equipment.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Subsequently, Nokia's share was sold to MGTS.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Representative office in Russia — since 2000, since January 1, 2008, CEO of Nokia Eurasia — Viktor Saeijs (Dutch: Victor Saeijs), CEO of Nokia Russia (subordinate to Nokia CEO Eurasia) is Gabriel Speratti (from July 1, 2010 to April 2012) [60].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia's revenue in Russia in 2010 amounted to 1.74 billion euros (an increase of 14.1% compared to 2009) [56].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2010, Russia became the fourth largest market in the world in terms of revenue for a Finnish company [7].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

At the end of 2017, Nokia sold 57,000 devices, occupied almost 2.6% of the market and rose to 8th place in smartphone sales in the Russian market.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

attainments


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2006, Nokia was ranked 20th on Fortune magazine's list of the most outstanding companies in the world.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

This was the best result among telecommunications companies and the fourth result among companies located outside the United States.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The value of the Nokia brand in 2011 amounted to more than $25 billion, ranking 14th in the ranking of the most expensive brands in 2011 according to the consulting group Interbrand and the media group BusinessWeek.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Nokia ranked 8th in the Network and Other Communications Equipment category of Fortune Magazine's 2011 list of the Most Respected Companies in the World [62].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Lawsuits


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

In 2009, Nokia accused Apple of violating 10 patents that affect voice encoding, secure data transmission protocols, and a number of other inventions used in the iPhone since the first version of the device appeared [63].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

As a result, Apple was found guilty of violating these patents after receiving an order to pay compensation to Nokia, as well as pay royalties in the future [64].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Details of the agreement are not disclosed in detail [65].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

ringtones


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The Nokia tune ringtone is based on the melody of the guitar work Gran Vals, written in 1902 by Spanish musician Francisco Tarrega.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

The ringtone first appeared in 1994 in the Nokia 2110 phone series and was originally called a piece of music, but was named Nokia tune in 1998, when it became firmly associated with Nokia phones [66].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

American indie rock band Plain Jane Automobile placed their songs “The Village” (in 2006), “Stones” and “Close My Eyes” (in 2008) on more than a million Nokia phones as standard ringtone.


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Thanks to this, the songs became popular [67].


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

See also


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Vertu


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Base Band 5


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Notes


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

References


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Category:Cell phone manufacturers


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Category:Companies in Finland


Question: Who did Nokia Corporation sell its business to in 2013?

Nokia

Category:Nokia


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Petersburg tram is a tram system in St. Petersburg.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

It was opened on September 29 [O.S. 1907] [1].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

By the end of the 1980s, it reached the largest scale, became the largest in the world, for which it was included in the Guinness Book of Records [2].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since the 1990s, traffic volumes began to decline, tram tracks were dismantled on many highways, but back in 2002, the length of tram tracks in St. Petersburg exceeded 600 km [3].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

After that, the record passed to the Melbourne tram [4].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of the beginning of 2018, 39 tram routes were operating, 786 units of rolling stock [5] [6] [7] are in operation, which are serviced by six tram fleets.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

With 228 km of tracks, the tram network of St. Petersburg ranks 4th in the world in terms of the length of tram tracks [8] [3] [9].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The vast majority of tram lines in the city are serviced by the state enterprise St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise Gorelectrotrans.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

General information


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Routes


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The peculiarity of St. Petersburg is that throughout almost the entire history of its tram industry, there is a practice here to assign not only a number to the route, but also its own combination of route lights.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Soffits were installed on the sides of the route number signs so that passengers waiting at the stop could see it from afar even in bad weather.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Unlike, for example, Moscow, where each color indicated a certain figure during the use of spotlights, only 5 colors are used in St. Petersburg: white, blue, red, green and orange ( yellow), so route colors can be repeated.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

This practice has almost ceased, but since 2006, route lights have been gradually restored [8].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The tram industry reached its maximum development in the mid-1990s, when 68 routes regularly entered the line (1 — 65+A+21A+90; in the period from October 13, 1997 to February 20, 1998 [10]) .


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The maximum length of tram tracks was reached in the period from August 1992 to July 1997.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of August 2017, taking into account temporary changes, 38 routes are operating.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

At the same time, the route network consists of two parts that have been isolated for a long time, but again connected by route 3A, launched on October 1, 2016:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

North and east of the city: Petrogradskaya side, Vasilyevsky Island, Vyborgsky, Kalininsky, Krasnogvardeysky, Nevsky and Primorsky districts.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

South and south-west of the city: Frunzensky and Moskovsky districts, Ligovsky Prospekt and adjacent highways of the central part of the city, Kirovsky, Krasnoselsky and Petrodvortsovy (Strelna) districts.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The list of routes:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

RouteFinal point 1Final point 21 [* 1] Children's streetKorablestroiteley street3Leninaploshchad Repina 6Korablestroiteley streetLenina7Prospekt SolidarnostiaProspekt Solidarnosti (koltsevaya) 8 LadozhskayaKhasanskaya street9Hospital them.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Mechnikov Udelnaya10 [* 2] Prospekt Solidarnostiv Solidarity Avenue (ring) 16square stachekBuretorny plant18Shavrova street Staraya Derevnya19Lakhtinsky Razliv Staraya Derevnya20Prospekt Kulturyploshchad Lenina21Primorsky ProspektPridorozhnaya Alley23Tram Park No. 3 Kommuny Street24 RybatskoePerekupnoy Lane 25 Kupchinoulitsa Marata27 Rybatskoereka Okkervil29MyasokombinatTram Park No. 130Reka OkkervilPerekupnoy Lane 36StrelnaOboronnaya Street38Mechnikov Avenue Vyborgskaya 39Tram Park No. 7Panfilova Street40Tikhoretsky Prospekt Tulitsa Korablestroiteley41 TurgenevalEMZ43 Kupchino Square Moskovskie Gate45 Kupchinoprospekt Yuri Gagarin47Shavrovaudelny Park48 KushelevKalakhtinsky Razliv49Malaya Balkanskaya ulitsaMarata51 Suzdalsky Prospekt Mechnikov Prospect52Severnaya Verf Plant ” Sosnovaya Polyana55Pridorozhnaya AlleyShavrova56Severnaya Verf Plant Marshala Kazakova Street57Tikhoretsky ProspektProspekt Lunacharskogo58 KulturyStreet Zheny Egorovoy 59 [* 3] Ladozhskayaulitsa Communes60Plant “Severnaya Verf” Pogranichnik Gorkavogo61Suzdalsky Prospekt Vyborgskaya62 Kupchinomalaya Balkanskaya Street64 Ladozhskayairinovsky Prospekt65reka Okkervilnevsky Zavod100Roadside Alley Streams [* 4] Okkervilrek river Okkerville


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Payment for travel


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

From January 1, 2017, the cost of a single tram ride is 40 rubles.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The fare is paid to the conductor with the issuance of a small tear-off ticket, on which the six-digit number and the fare are stamped out.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Payment for travel using a contactless smart card is carried out by validating it on a stationary SECOP validator installed on the handrail in the amount of several pieces in the tram cabin.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Often, the validation of the BSK at SECOP is checked by the conductor with its own manual validator, sometimes repeatedly (this causes discontent of passengers).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Similar requirements apply to privileged categories of citizens, with the additional presentation of a document confirming the right to preferential travel (in fact, documents are rarely requested).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

SECOP validators are installed only in trams of the State Unitary Enterprise Gorelectrotrans.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The trams of the private carrier TKK LLC have a contactless fare payment system: validators of the new model Shtrikh-M and the KISU GPPT complex have been installed.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

At the beginning of the 20th century, due to disputes over which children should be considered small, it was decided to draw horizontal lines in the cars at the entrance at the height of one meter.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Children below this line were considered small, others had to pay for travel.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Parents who did not want to pay for the fare sometimes replied to the conductor's fair remark that their child was less than a meter tall, but visually seemed larger due to the headdress.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Hence the expression “height is a meter with a cap” [8] [11].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Subsequently, instead of criteria for assessing height, age limits were introduced: children under 7 years of age inclusive began to be considered small.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On December 1, 1958, the first trams without conductors entered the line [8], and at the end of February 1970, all cars were transferred to non-conductive service.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Passengers lowered coins into special ticket offices and tore off the ticket on their own.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Later, coupons appeared that had to be composted with a special composter.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In the absence of a ticket, a stamped coupon or a document giving the right to free travel, the passenger was considered stowaway.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since 1996, wagons with conductors began to enter the line again [8].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

From June 1, 2015, it is possible to pay for travel on trams on route No. 3 by credit card [12].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

End stations and reverse rings


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of 2008, when operating the tram network of St. Petersburg, about 30 terminal stations and reverse rings are used to park and turn rolling stock, some of which have unused tracks, another 3-4 are in working order, but are not used to organize passenger traffic.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In the second half of the 20th century, the number of terminal stations and reverse rings was several times higher.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram fleets


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

All passenger tram cars in St. Petersburg have a four-digit tail number.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since January 1, 1983, the first digit of the tail number coincides with the number of the tram fleet to which the car is assigned (before that, the numbering was tied to the model of the car); STTP cars have the first digit “0”.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of September 2009, there are six tram fleets in St. Petersburg:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram depot No. 1, named after I. AND. Konyashin (83 Moskovsky Prospect);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram depot No. 3, site No. 2 named after A. G. Leonova (Sredny Prospekt V. O., 77—79)


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram depot No. 3, site No. 1 named after K. N. Blokhin (24/2 Bolshaya Posadskaya Street);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Lanskoy tram depot No. 5 named after M. AND. Kalinina (Serdobolskaya Street, 2g);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram depot No. 7 named after V. Volodarsky (Gribakinykh Street, 3);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram depot No. 8 named after I. E.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Kotlyakov (Stachek Avenue, 114);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Combined tram and trolleybus fleet (tram fleet No. 10) (Grazhdansky Prospekt, 131).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 1971, the freight tram fleet was included in tram fleet No. 1 and liquidated as an independent legal entity, in 1997, due to the cessation of freight traffic in the city, it lost its main importance, in 2002, actually ceased to function.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 2003, the production of passenger cars to the line from tram fleets No. 4 named after M.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

IN. S. Smirnov in Degtyarny Lane and No. 6 them.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

A. K. Skorokhodov on Barochnaya Street (for some time the parks were listed as branches of others, and they cut decommissioned cars).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 2005, the tram tracks on the streets adjacent to tram fleet No. 4 were dismantled and it was finally closed.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

At the same time, tram depot No. 6 was finally closed, and its buildings were demolished.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The line along Barochnaya Street was dismantled at the end of December 2007.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 2003, the oldest tram depot in the city No. 2 named after M.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

A. P. Leonov (functioned as a branch of Trampark No. 3 until January 15, 2007) and No. 8 (since then, the fleet has been operating under its number on the territory of the former tram fleet No. 9, the territory of the “old” tram Park No. 8 is used by the track service of the State Unitary Enterprise Gorelectrotrans.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The buildings of tram fleets No. 1—6 are or were (until the destruction) monuments of industrial architecture [13].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Electrical parameters of the network


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The tram network of St. Petersburg uses direct current with a rated voltage of 550 V. 600-700 V are supplied on the tires of the traction substation.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The rated voltage of DC collector motors used in the rolling stock part is 275 V, they are connected in series by two pieces in two groups.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The rated line voltage of asynchronous AC motors is 435-467 V [14].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The height of the contact wire from the level of the rail head at the suspension point is regulated by the Rules for the Technical Operation of the Tram and is in the range of 5.5—6.3 m (under overpasses and bridges — at least 4.2 m, at the gates of depot buildings and car repair shops — at least 4.7 m, inside buildings — at least 4.7 m when servicing rolling stock with a wooden body and at least 5.2 m for all-metal wagons).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Voltage to the substation is supplied from an external power supply system, usually via cable lines with a voltage of 6-10 kV AC.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Continuous power supply to each traction substation is provided by at least two independent supply lines, since urban transport is a consumer of the 1st category.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of June 2008, 82 traction substations distributed throughout the city were used as part of the energy facilities of the State Unitary Enterprise Gorelectrotrans.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The tram's contact network is divided into sections 1-2 km long, powered by individual feeders.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Such sections of the contact network are separated from each other by sectional insulators, even if the cables to them go from the same substation; the beginning of such an insulator is marked with a special sign — white-green striped with a sign.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As a result of an emergency, not the entire substation is disconnected, but only the protective device of one feeder.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In the event of damage to the cable running in the ground, the accident cannot be quickly eliminated, and the de-energized section of the contact network is connected to the neighboring one, installing jumpers from the wire bypassing the insulators.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As a result, one feeder already has a larger section of the contact network, a malfunction on which is more likely to damage the cable supplying it.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of 2008, in different parts of the city there are quite a few closed sectional insulators on the contact network, which, generally speaking, should not be the case in conditions of normal functioning.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The quality of the contact network for this and a number of other parameters causes quite serious complaints - in particular, when testing and operating LVS-2005 cars, imported semi-pantographs designed for high-quality contact network, repeatedly broke down, which eventually led to their replacement with less whimsical pantographs produced by the Ust-Katavsky Carriage Works, but later by Lekov changes were made to the design of the semi-pantograph for Russia and modern models of tram cars 71-153, 71-154 are equipped with modern current collectors [15] [16], and they have also been installed on working on the line of the first five carriages 71-152.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 2008, a number of electrical substations were planned to be sold [17] [18], as a result of which the load on the remaining ones would increase even more.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Rolling stock


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of September 2018, the State Unitary Enterprise Gorelectrotrans operates wagons [19] [20] in passenger traffic:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of September 2018, Transport Concession Company LLC operates wagons in passenger traffic [21]:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-68M on Savushkina Street


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LVS-86K on the fan of tram fleet No. 2


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LVS-97K on Moskovskye Vorota Square


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-99 at the now closed Primorsky Park Pobedy terminal station


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-99AVN at Stachek Square


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LVS-2005 at the terminal station “Ladozhsky Vokzal”


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-2008 on Moskovsky Prospekt


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

KTM-31 at Repina Square Terminal Station


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

BKM-843 at the terminal station “Ploshchad Repina”


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Alstom Citadis 301 on Kronstadt Street


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

71-623-03 (CME) at the cinema “Korablestroiteley Street”


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-68M3 (CME) at Korablestroiteley Street


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Prior to that, the following types of wagons were also in operation:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Bresh (English: Brush) (1907—1960s);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

MS (1928—1968) [22] /PS (1929—1968);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-33/LP-33 (1933—1979);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-47/LP-47 (1948—1973);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-49/LP-49 (1949—1983);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-57 (1958-1986);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-68 (1968—1993);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-68M (1974—2017);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

KTM-5M3 (1981—2007);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

MX (mid-20th century);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

PM (mid-20th century).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The following cars were also operated in Nemasovo:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

LM-36/LP-36 train (1936—1949) [23] [24];


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

4 LVS-66 carriages (1966—1985);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

1 LM-67 car (1967—1985);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

4 LVS-80 carriages (1980-1995);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

2 T2SU wagons (1960—1964 [25]);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

1 KTM-19 car (2004—2005 [26]);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

1 LP-83 car (1983—1988);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

1 LVS-89 car (1989—2006 [27]);


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

1 LVS-93 car (1994—2008).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Freight tram


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Before the collapse of the USSR, freight trams in Leningrad were a mass phenomenon: there was a specialized freight tram fleet (them. E. AND. Krasutsky) near TP-1 on the territory of Goryachy Pole (on Moskovsky Prospekt south of the Obvodny Canal).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

About a hundred motor cars and hundreds of trailer platforms were in operation.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The rolling stock was mainly two-axle, but since the 1960s, four-axle cargo platforms with swivel bogies based on the bogies of the decommissioned “American women” “LM/LP-33” also appeared.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The intensive development of freight tram traffic in Leningrad is explained by the specifics of the topography of the city, in which a number of large enterprises are located on the islands of the Neva Delta, where access roads railway tracks are quite difficult.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Almost all large and many medium-sized industrial enterprises of the city used the services of the freight tram.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

There was a gate between the tram and rail networks.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

After the dismantling of the socialist economic system that unfolded after 1991, the subsequent economic downturn, the bankruptcy of large industrial enterprises and their privatization led to to a decrease in applications for urban freight tram transportation.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Freight trams were stopped servicing enterprises in St. Petersburg in 1997; in some parts of the city, the remains of tram cargo lines remained until 2008 [28].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Operating company


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 1898, the Administration of St. Petersburg City Railways was established, which was under the jurisdiction of the City Public Administration.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In December 1917, a board was formed to manage the City Railways.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In September 1918, after the liquidation of the City Council, the roads were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Commissariat of Municipal Economy of the Union of Communes of the Northern Region (since April 1919 - the Council of Public Utilities Petrograd, since October 1921 — department).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On April 1, 1931, the City Railways Administration of the Leningrad Regional Department of Public Utilities was transformed into the Lentramvay Trust, which, by resolution of the Plenum of the Leningrad City Council dated On December 13, 1932, it first became subordinate to the Leningrad City Council, and then to the Transport Department of the Leningrad City Council.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On April 10, 1936 (six months before the opening of regular trolleybus traffic in Leningrad), the Lentramvay Trust was reorganized into an independent Tram and Trolleybus Department with subordination the Presidium (since January 1940 — the Executive Committee) of the Leningrad City Council.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On October 30, 1989, TTU was reorganized into the Territorial Production Association of Urban Electric Transport (TPO Lengorelectrotrans).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On March 28, 1994, by order of Anatoly Sobchak, Mayor of St. Petersburg, Lengorelectrotrans was reorganized into the State Unitary Enterprise of Urban Electric Transport (SUE Gorelectrotrans), serving the tram and trolleybus networks of St. Petersburg and currently [29].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram network and railway


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram and rail gates


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Liquidated


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Until 2014, there was a tram and railway gate in St. Petersburg on the territory of the St. Petersburg Tram and Mechanical Plant [8], which existed since 1931 and was used for transshipment trams to railway platforms.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

It was arranged as follows: the railway track rested against a concrete wall with a height equal to the height of the railway platform, on which the tram track with electrification began immediately from the edge.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

A section of the railway track was installed on the platform from above, onto which, by means of a conventional freight or passenger tram, a wagon was driven as a towing vehicle, which was necessary was to move it to another city.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In earlier periods of time, there were several more tram and railway gates in St. Petersburg:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Gate on the territory of Leningrad-Moskovsky-Tovarny: east of the Moskovsky railway station with the Nikolaevskaya railway with a stop along Poltavskaya Street from 1914 to 1951


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Gate on the territory of Leningrad-Varshavsky-Tovarny east of the Varshavsky railway station with a stop from the Obvodny Canal from 1918 to 1993


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Gate on the territory of Leningrad-Vitebsky-Tovarny south of Ligovsky Prospekt with a drive along Tosina Street from 1929 to 1961.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Railway crossings


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The existing


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Kondratyevsky Prospekt: crossing with a branch of the Krasny Vyborzhets plant since 1918 (the second intersection was dismantled in 2009)


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Oblique line: crossing an isolated branch of the Baltic Shipyard since 1928 [8]


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Obukhovskoy Oborony Avenue: since 1935, 2 intersections — near the Nevskaya Cosmetics plant and the Bolshevik plant (under the Ring Road overpass)


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Peterhof highway at the intersection with the road to LEMZ: since 1924


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Liquidated


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

To the south of Avtovo metro station: from 1916 to 1978.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 1978, it was liquidated after the construction of the Avtovsky tram overpass


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

South of the Moscow Gate on Moskovsky Prospekt, near the Elektrosila plant: on December 1, 1930, the largest accident in the history of St. Petersburg occurred: the tram collided with a train


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Obukhovskoy Oborony Avenue: from 1927 to 1941


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Lesnoy Prospekt: liquidated in the 2000s simultaneously with the construction of Neste gas stations


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Engels Avenue: liquidated in 2004 during the overhaul of the avenue.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Road to Turukhtan Islands: liquidated in 2006-2007 due to the dismantling of tram tracks.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Obukhovskoy Oborony Avenue at the intersection with the Obvodny Canal: in 2008, the railway tracks from the Neva bank and behind the canal were dismantled, the intersection itself was liquidated in 2010.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Blagodatnaya Street: from 1966 to 2010.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Far East Avenue: from 1936 to 2011.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram production in St. Petersburg


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The production of trams in St. Petersburg began even before the launch of the land tram network - at the end of the 19th century, the Putilovsky Plant launched the production of F cars, which were supplied to other cities, for example, Nizhny Novgorod [30], but they have never been involved in St. Petersburg.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since 1927, the same plant began producing a series of trams M hotel C talnaya and P trams C talnaya: MS-1/PS, MS-2, MS-3/MSP-3, MS-4/MSO-4/MSP-4.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 1933, the Leningrad Car Repair Plant, which was then located on the territory of the Vasileostrovsky Tram Fleet, produced a series of high-capacity cars LM-33/LP-33.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Subsequently, the VARZ was relocated to Chugunnaya Street.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since 1947, the following cars have been produced: LM-33/LP-33, LM-36/LP-36, LM-47/LP-47, LM-49/LP-49, LM-57, LVS-66, LM-67, LM-68 · LM-68M, LVS-80, LP-83, LVS-86, LVS-89, LVS-93, LVS-93, LVS-93, LVS-93, LVS-93, LVS-93, LVS-93, LVS-93, LVS-93, LVS-93, LVS-93 97, LM-99, LM-2000, LVS-2005, LM-2008, LVS-2009.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

At the same time, some models have never been operated in St. Petersburg (with the exception of running cars through the streets of the city): LM-93, LM-2000, LVS-2009.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

By the beginning of the 2010s, a crisis began at PTMZ, and customers complained about the poor quality of products.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 2012, the plant produced only 3 trams (2 LM-2008 for Mariupol and 1 LVS-2009 for Volgograd), and by the end of the year it actually ceased to exist.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

PTMZ was finally liquidated in May 2013.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

By June 2014, the contact network has been completely dismantled on the territory of the plant, gradually dismantled and prepared for the demolition of the plant building.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since May 2012, GET has carried out a deep modernization of the LM-68M — LM-68M2 cars.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Only a part of the frame and cart remained of the old car.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Later, production was transferred to the Oktyabrsky Electric Car Repair Plant, where new LM-68M2 cars were already being built, and then LM-68M3 and 71-301, with new trolleys and the transfer of the low-floor platform in the middle of the car.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In May 2018, the production of trams in the city was resumed at the Nevsky Electric Transport Plant.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The company produces 71-911EM Lion and 71-931M Vityaz-M cars under the license of PC Transport Systems, which is part of TVZ.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The history of the tram


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Pre-revolutionary period


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The first rail street transport (horse, steam tram) appeared almost half a century before the electric tram: in 1860, the city received the first type of rail street transport — horse-drawn railway, or colloquially, konku.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Initially, it was used only for cargo transportation, but from August 27, 1863, after the construction of the first passenger lines, the horse began to carry passengers.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Despite the low speed (no more than 8 km/h), residents liked the new transport - by the time the first line of the electric tram was launched, horse-drawn railways passed through all significant St. Petersburg highways from the center to the outskirts.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

After the appearance of the electric tram in 1907, the horse was gradually replaced by it, and on September 8, 1917, it disappeared completely.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 1886, the first line of a steam tram or a steam engine in the common people was laid along Bolshoy Sampsonievsky Prospekt and 2nd Murinsky Prospekt, although officially this line was called “the line steam horse-drawn railway”.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The steam engine had a number of advantages over the horse: higher speed, more power.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On September 29, 1907, regular electric tram traffic was opened along the streets of St. Petersburg (by this time, the ice tram system had been successfully operated for more than 10 years, which functioned in winter on the Neva).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The first line ran from the General Staff Building to the 8th line of Vasilyevsky Island, and by 1914 the tram ran along almost all the main streets of the city.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

With the outbreak of the First World War, the development of the tram network slowed down somewhat, but at the beginning of 1917, there were 29 tram routes, 9 terminal routes and 1 steam engine route in Petrograd [31].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Soviet period


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 1918-1921, due to the consequences of the Civil War, the tram facilities of Petrograd fell into decline, but in 1921 tram business gradually began to improve, and new lines were built again.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 1922, the last line of the steam engine was electrified, and traffic on the central highways of the city was resumed.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The tram began to develop rapidly: the first automated arrows appeared, 3 tram fleets and several substations were built.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In addition to passenger tracks, the city had freight and service tram lines; each major enterprise had its own branch from the main tram network.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

However, since 1936, the Leningrad tram practically ceased to develop due to the appearance of a trolleybus.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

During the Great Patriotic War, despite the hostilities and the blockade, the work of the Leningrad tram continued.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Traffic was suspended once for the period from December 15, 1941 to April 15, 1942 due to a power outage.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Freight traffic was resumed on March 8, tension was given to the central substations, and on March 15, 1942, passenger trains entered the line [32].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The number of routes, however, has significantly decreased.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In the postwar years, the tram network was optimized: from a number of central streets, the tram was moved to secondary streets, and in some places it was replaced by a trolleybus.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since 1965, due to the growth of the city, the construction of lines to new districts began.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The first new lines appeared on Piskaryovka, and a little later a line to Sosnovaya Polyana was built.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Then the lines appeared in the Kupchino, Grazhdanka, Shuvalovo-Ozerki, Rzhevka-Porokhovye, Vesely Poselok districts, in the South-West, in the Primorsky District and on Dekabristov Island.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

By the end of the 1980s, the tram network consisted of 600 km of tracks and 67 routes [33].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Post-Soviet period


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The reduction in funding in the early 1990s had a negative impact on the route network of trams in St. Petersburg: due to the reduction in the number of drivers in fleets and the aging of rolling stock, production decreased intervals on the line and increased, the repair of tracks practically stopped, which led to a decrease in speed and a further deterioration in the condition of the rolling stock.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

This, together with other factors (motorization, the emergence of minibuses, etc.), led to an outflow of passengers and an increase in losses of public transport in general and the tram in particular.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Under the pretext of minimizing losses, a massive closure of tram lines began: hundreds of kilometers of passenger tracks, as well as all cargo and service lines, were dismantled.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Prior to that, the last time the lines were dismantled was in 1971 [34] [35].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

By 2007, tram traffic in the central part of the city was minimized, and the passenger network was divided into 2 separate fragments, which predetermined the fate of the St. Petersburg tram: at that moment, this mode of transport could not be used to travel long distances, the tram began to perform exclusively the functions of transporting passengers to railway and metro stations [36] .


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

However, in 2016, the tram network was reunited again by the restoration of tram route No. 3, passing along Sadovaya Street.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On September 19, 2007, after repairs, high-speed tram traffic along Prosvescheniya Avenue was officially opened.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Route 57 in honor of the anniversary of the St. Petersburg tram was renamed 100th [37] [38] [39].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since 2007, the tram network, reduced to a minimum, has been kept almost at the same level.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

There are local cancellations, but also local openings of new routes.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

There are still more closed routes than restored ones.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since October 1, 2016, with the extension of route 3 from Repina Square to Finlyandsky Railway Station, the tram system of St. Petersburg has again become unified.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Since November 18, 2017, due to the opening of the Tuchkov Bridge for traffic [40], the tram connection between Vasilyevsky Island and the Petrogradskaya side has been resumed (routes 6A and 6 under No. 6 and route 40 has changed).


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Statistics


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Freight volumes


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

For a long time, the tram occupied a leading position in terms of passenger traffic in the city.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

It was only in the second half of the 1960s that it was pushed to second place by bus, and in the late 1980s, in terms of passenger traffic, the tram moved to third place, passing ahead of St. Petersburg subway.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 1998, however, the tram again surpassed the metro and regained second place, but then the reduction of the tram network made itself felt and since 2006, the tram again took third place in terms of passenger in St. Petersburg [31] [34] [36] [41].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Network length and fleet size (at the end of the year)


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Combined bus and tram lanes


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On November 17, 2007, for the first time in Russia, a combined bus and tram dedicated lane [46] [38] was put into operation on Ligovsky Prospekt.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The planned replacement of dedicated tram lines with bus and tram lines


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of 2009, there were plans to replace the allocated tram lines with bus and tram lines in the following sections:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Moskovsky Prospekt from Moscow Gate to Aviatsionnaya Street


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Peterhof highway


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Prospekt Investigators


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Ilyushina Street from Komendantskaya Square to Aviakonstruktorov Avenue


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Aviakonstruktorov


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Staroderevenskaya Street from Ilyushina Street to Optikov Street


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Optikov Street from Staroderevenskaya Street to Peat Road


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Savushkina Street


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt from Kuibysheva Street to Kronverksky Prospekt [47]


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Kosygin Avenue [48]


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Separation of bus and tram lines from the roadbed


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The option of creating dedicated bus and tram lanes was considered:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Sredneokhtinsky Prospekt


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Novocherkassky Prospekt from Zanevskaya to Krasnogvardeyskaya Square


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Troitsky Bridge


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Suvorovskaya Square


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Lebyazhya Ditch Embankment [47]


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Motorists and the tram


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

At the end of the 20th and early 21st centuries, the problem of motorists became very acute in St. Petersburg, often grossly violating traffic rules [49] and making it difficult, and sometimes almost completely stopping tram traffic on a particular section of the tram line [8] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60]:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

One of the types of violations is entering the tram tracks of passing traffic in front of an approaching tram: despite the fact that in Russia traffic rules in the absence of regulatory signs are required to make a turn and turn from tram tracks [62], and it is also allowed to enter tram tracks of the same direction [63] if a car that has entered the tram tracks does not interfere with the movement of trams [8] [62] [63].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

At intersections, trams also have priority right of passage [64].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

However, cars leave on the tram tracks before the intersection and stop at them still happen.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As a result, a long traffic jam can form in front of the intersection, both on the car lanes and on the tram tracks — in this case, the tram has to stand idle with the cars waiting green traffic light [61].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

This happens, for example, on Politekhnicheskaya Street at the entrance to Muzhestva Square


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In 2008, the movement of cars on Kuibyshev Street was prohibited, however, this ban was ignored by motorists [65] [66].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Tram traffic can be stopped even by one car if cars and trams have different travel modes.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

So, for example, the tram turns from Kondratyevsky Prospekt to Zhukov Street by a traffic light signal “to the right”, and the main flow of cars passes by the main green traffic light signal.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Thus, it happens that the tram has to stand idle at an intersection even with a permissive traffic light signal, as one or more cars are waiting for the main green traffic light on tram tracks.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

We have to wait for the full cycle of the traffic light until the traffic light that allows the tram goes out, cars of the transverse direction pass, cars do not free the tram tracks with the main the traffic light is green and the signal allowing the tram will not light up again.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

It should be noted that the separation of tram tracks from the roadway by prohibiting continuous markings does not fundamentally solve the situation, since in the absence of physical obstacles, motorists may simply not pay attention to the solid line and still go to the tram tracks [61].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

However, even on the highway, which is almost entirely located on a separate track, trams are often unable to move fast due to traffic congestion at intersections.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

The reason for stopping traffic is again the violation of traffic rules by motorists, which prohibit going to the intersection if there is a traffic jam behind it, which can force the driver stop and interfere with the movement of vehicles traveling in the transverse direction [49] [64].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

So, for example, the movement of route No. 47 sometimes stops due to the fact that cars moving along Kolomyazhsky Prospekt go to the intersection with Ispytateley Avenue, even if there is one on Kolomyazhsky traffic jam avenue and stop in the middle of the intersection on tram tracks.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Cars moving along Ispytateley Avenue still have at least some opportunity for maneuver, but the tram does not have such an opportunity.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As a result, it turns out that trams following a route that runs exclusively along a separate track everywhere, except intersections, have to stand idle on the line for a long time during peak hours [67].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

There are cases of parking cars in the dimensions of the tram [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77], using a dedicated public transport lane for private vehicles [78] [79] and attempts to ride on tram tracks [80].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

It is not uncommon for tram traffic to be interrupted for a long time due to the need for motorists to wait for traffic police officers to arrive at the scene to register an accident that occurred on tram tracks along the fault of one of the drivers [51] [60] [69] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85], or the breakdown of the car on the rails [86].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

It is possible that the aggravation of this situation is partly due to the passivity of the traffic police, which does not always faithfully perform its duties to identify and suppress such violations [8] [53] [54] [57] [58] [59] [61] [65 ] [66] [79] [87] [88] [89].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In the city center, tram tracks almost everywhere run at the same level as the roadway, and therefore the departure of cars to the tram tracks deprives the tram of its advantages and makes traffic less efficient, as in cases where the tram is able to travel unhindered without being forced to limit the speed.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In residential areas of St. Petersburg, the tracks are usually located on a separate canvas, so the above problem is less acute.


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Nevertheless, tram traffic can also experience serious difficulties there - at the intersection of tram lines with roads, it is not uncommon for cars to stop on the tracks before the approaching by tram, which leads to an increase in the travel time of the route, and accordingly to an increase in the intervals of traffic and a decrease in the attractiveness of the tram for passengers, even on the high-speed line Prosvescheniya Avenue [87] [90].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Outlook


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On December 13, 2007, a meeting of the city government was held on the project “Program for the Development of Land Electric Transport in St. Petersburg for the Period until 2012".


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

As of December 2007, the program mainly stipulated a noticeable reduction in tram lines, and plans to build only a small section from the Ladozhskaya metro station to Novocherkassky Prospekt and the entrance to the new tram fleet on Rzhevka [91] [92] [93] — at the same time, these sections should have already been put into operation at the time of discussion of the development program until 2012 [94].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In May 2008, it was announced that in accordance with the development program, by 2012 the tram network [95] [96] and traffic volumes [8] [97] [98] will have to grow by 30%, and traffic intervals will not have to exceed 10 minutes, the travel time to work is 45 minutes, and the entire rolling stock and electric transport infrastructure must be completely updated [99] [100].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

It is also planned to organize priority tram traffic from Korablestroiteley Street to Malaya Okhta station, from Kupchino metro station to Malaya Balkanskaya Street [101], from Ulitsa Shavrova station to Peter the Great Hospital, from Zhenya Egorova Street to the Ruchyi station [95] and from Karl Faberge Square to Kommuny Street [101].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Unrealized plans


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

On April 6, 2004, Resolution No. 527 of the Government of St. Petersburg “On the Program for the Development of the Tram Route Network, Tram Fleets and the Use of Their Territories in St. Petersburg on 2005—2007” [94].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

This program included the implementation of the following projects:


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

organization of tram routes with accelerated traffic from the Kupchino metro station along Yaroslav Gasheka, Bukharestskaya streets (from Malaya Balkanskaya Street to Kamchatskaya Street), Kamchatskaya, Rasstannaya, Ligovsky streets Avenue to Vosstaniya Square (by 2008)


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

dismantling of the tram line along Lensoveta Street


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

Work on the construction of these facilities was never started on time, but on the section of Ligovsky Prospekt from Kuznechny Lane to Vosstaniya Square, where it was planned to organize an accelerated traffic, tram tracks were completely dismantled [8] [102].


Question: How many minutes does it take to get from Kolpino to the center of St. Petersburg by car without traffic jams?

Saint Petersburg tram

In November 2007, Elena Nogova, Deputy General Director of the Design Institute, announced that tram traffic along lines 22-23 of Vasilyevsky Island from Bolshoy Prospekt Vasilyevsky the island to the Lieutenant Schmidt Embankment, which was discontinued in 2002, is planned to be restored [103].