Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The pandemic has led to the fall of civilization, the death of most of the US population and the entire Earth; some of the survivors live in isolated quarantine zones protected by the military.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Cities outside the quarantine zones have become dangerous ruins, populated by insane infected people, bandits and cannibals.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The terrorist organization Cicada (English: Fireflies) is trying to raise the population of quarantine zones to uprisings against the military, and also does not abandon attempts to develop a vaccine against infection [13].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Process


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Prologue: The prologue takes place during the beginning of the pandemic.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Joel Miller is a single father living in Austin, Texas, with his 12-year-old daughter Sarah, for whom we start the game.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

After the attack on their house by infected neighbors, Joel, his brother Tommy and Sarah try to escape from the panicked city by car, but are involved in an accident.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

As a result of the accident, Sarah suffers an injury to her leg, and Joel has to carry it in his arms, running away from the infected chasing them.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

At some point, the heroes run into a soldier of the US Army, who, having received an order to destroy both, opens fire on them to kill.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

From imminent death Joel saves Tommy by shooting a soldier, but the soldier falls into Sarah.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The girl dies in her father's arms [14].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Summer: Twenty years later, Joel and his partner Tess trade as smugglers on the outskirts of the quarantine zone in Boston, trying to get even with the gangster Robert who cheated them.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

After eliminating Robert, the characters face the leader of the “Cicadas”, Marlin, who offers Joel and Tess to secretly take out of the military-guarded perimeter teenage girl Ellie Williams.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Ellie is found to be immune to infection — she was infected, but did not die or turn into a monster, and scientists at Cicadas intend to use this unique phenomenon to develop a vaccine.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

At the appointed meeting point, the Capitol, the heroes discover that the Cicadas group was shot by a military detachment, and Tess is infected because she was bitten by one of the infected during a clash in the museum earlier.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The military surrounds the Capitol.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

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Tess begs Joel to take Ellie and find Tommy so that the Cicadas plans to develop a vaccine are not in vain.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

To buy time for Joel and Ellie, Tess, who does not want to end her life infected, enters into a suicidal battle with the military.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Joel and Ellie decide to look for other “Cicadas” - including Tommy, Joel's brother, who is somewhere in the west, as he himself was once a member of the group and knows the way to their main base.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In Lincoln, Massachusetts, they meet with Joel's acquaintance, Bill, who finds a car for them.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In Pittsburgh, a city that turned into a gangster freestyle after the fall of the military administration, the heroes are ambushed and saved with the help of travel brothers Henry and Sam.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

After the death of infected Sam, Henry commits suicide, and Joel and Ellie move further west [15].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Fall: A few months later, Joel and Ellie find Tommy.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Tommy, who broke up with the Cicadas, along with his wife Maria and several other families, is trying to restore an old hydroelectric power plant in Jackson County, Wyoming.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Joel and Ellie on a donated horse get to the University of Colorado, where Tommy's instructions should be located laboratory “Cicadas”, but find the university abandoned.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The heroes learn that the Cicadas evacuated a laboratory in Salt Lake City, Utah.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

After that, the heroes are going to leave, but they are attacked by aggressive survivors.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The partners manage to kill all the aggressors and escape from the university, but during a melee clash with one of the bandits, Joel falls from the balcony on a piece of reinforcement sticking out of the ground and gets heavy wounding [16].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Winter: Ellie, hunting deer in a snowy forest, encounters other hunters - David and James, from whom she exchanges penicillin for Joel.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

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David, who shows a strange unhealthy interest in Ellie, invites her to join their group, based in the town next door.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

It turns out that Ellie's new acquaintances are cannibals, and it was the group of David Alley and Joel who interrupted at the university.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Once captured, Ellie tries to escape and eventually kills David in a one-on-one battle in a burning restaurant building.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Joel, who has somehow recovered from his wounds and illness, helps her out, and they continue their journey [17].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Spring: Heroes make it to the end point of their journey, Salt Lake City.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In the flooded tunnels on the way through the city, Joel and Ellie almost drown, but they are rescued by “Cicadas” under the command of Marlin, who also reached west from Boston.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Marlin tells Joel that to develop a vaccine, doctors will have to remove Cordyceps from Ellie's brain, which is guaranteed to kill the girl.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Rebellious Joel kills the guards and takes Ellie from the operating room; although Marlin tries to negotiate peace with Joel, the hero kills her, believing that she will try to chase and capture again Elli [18].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Epilogue: Joel and Ellie return to Wyoming, Tommy.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Joel, trying to justify himself to her adopted daughter, convinces Ellie that she is not the only holder of immunity, and that the Cicadas stopped trying to create a vaccine, as their research did not yield anything.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Ellie answers him with a story about how she was bitten and asks Joel to swear that his story about the Cicadas is true.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

To which Joel replies, “I swear” [19].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Characters


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Development history


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Naughty Dog has been working on The Last of Us since 2009 in secrecy; the game in development was supposed to be announced only at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in 2011, and before of this moment to be kept secret [21].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

As the studio was engaged in another large-scale project at the same time, Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception, studio executives Evan Wells and Christophe Balestra decided to split the studio into two teams that could devote themselves entirely to the development of Uncharted 3 and The Last of Us, respectively [22] [23].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game was led by Bruce Straley, who previously played the same role in the development of Uncharted 2: Among Thieves, and Naughty Dog was also joined by designer Mark Richard Davis, formerly who participated in the work on the game Enslaved: Odyssey to the West [24].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

According to screenwriter and creative producer of the game Neil Druckmann, after completing work on Uncharted 2: Among Thieves, Naughty Dog was considering the possibility of relaunching the Jak and Daxter series, and the initial the development team gathered specifically for this project, which later resulted in the development of The Last of Us.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

During the discussions, the developers came to the conclusion that their ideas go too far away from the classic look of Jak and Daxter.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The head of the studio gave the go-ahead to develop a new game based on a completely new idea [25].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The concept that formed the basis of The Last of Us was invented by Druckmann before joining the studio: according to his recollections, while studying at Carnegie Mellon University, he took part in led by film director George Romero, and participants in this seminar were asked to develop a concept for a zombie game.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Druckmann's development was inspired by Romero's own famous film Night of the Living Dead, the mechanics of the computer game Ico and Frank Miller's graphic novel Sin City.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In her story, the player had to control an elderly policeman protecting a young girl from zombies; at some point in the game, the policeman had to feel bad with his heart, and the girl was already under control the player had to protect his companion.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In the final, the policeman had to be bitten, and the heroine would have to shoot her friend.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Romero did not approve of the idea; later, after graduating from university and getting a job at Naughty Dog, Druckmann tried to convert it into a comic book called English: The Turning.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The hero of “Transformation”, a former prisoner, lost his daughter and atoned for his sins, protecting an unborn girl for him.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Later, Druckmann and Straley collaborated on the idea of Humanity (English: Mankind), which is already quite reminiscent of the final version; in this concept, a virus that turned people into zombies, only affected women, and Ellie was supposed to be the only one immune to him.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Thus, the zombie enemies in the game had to be exclusively female.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The writers abandoned this idea after protests by female employees of Naughty Dog, who considered it misogynistic [25].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Cordyceps is not a figment of the imagination of the game's developers.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

This is a real ergot fungus Cordyceps unilateralis, which parasitizes insects.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

When fungal spores enter the body of an ant, caterpillar, fly or spider, they literally begin to germinate in the insect's body.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Cordyceps affects the nervous system of its victim, releasing substances of the alkaloid group [26].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

As a result, the insect stops taking care of its needs and does what the fungus needs, for example, looking for a suitable place to live for it.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Cordyceps does not parasitize humans, but the plot of The Last of Us is based on the fantastic assumption of such an infection.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The idea to introduce Cordyceps into the game came to the writers after watching the BBC documentary “Planet Earth”, which, in particular, showed how the behavior of an ant infected with a fungus changes. a parasite, and the insect turns into a kind of zombie [27].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

GamesRadar noted the similarity of the game to the films “The Road”, “Child of Man” and “Day of the Triffids”, comics and the television series “The Walking Dead” [28].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Following interviews with developers, Game Informer magazine pointed out non-fiction books “The World Without Us” by Alan Weissman and “Polio: American History” by David Oshinsky among the sources of inspiration, art books “The Road” by Cormac McCarthy, “The Last City on Earth” by Thomas Mullen and “The City” by David Benioff, films “No Place for Old Men”, “Iron Grit” and “The Cursed Way” [29].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game was particularly influenced by an episode from the studio's previous game, Uncharted 2: Among Thieves, where the main character Nathan Drake and non-English Sherpa guide Tenzin overcame obstacles together by exploring ice caves.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Although this episode occupied a relatively small place in the game, the writers tried to show the growing friendship between Drake and Tenzin.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The idea of showing through gameplay the emergence and strengthening of relationships between the characters became the basis for the creation of Joel and Ellie and their relationship.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Druckmann especially mentioned the Coen brothers' film “No Place for Old Men” as a source of inspiration: in particular, he was struck by the lack of a soundtrack — the silence behind the scenes, according to him, made it tense the situation is “almost tangible” [30].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

During the development of the game, Druckmann and Straley studied a large number of post-apocalyptic books and films, but found more useful non-fictional events, such as the global pandemic of “Spanish influenza” in 1918 or the polio epidemic in the United States in the 1880s.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

It was as a result of studying historical books that the writers abandoned the idea of a villain who would have to pursue the characters throughout the game, and found it more attractive the situation in which the game would be devoid of unequivocally bad or unequivocally good characters, and the player could not be sure that Joel and Ellie are always doing the right thing [31].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Among computer games, The Last of Us was inspired by games such as Ico and Resident Evil 4: the first as an example of interaction between characters, the second as an example of exciting action.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The Last of Us designer Ricky Cambier noted that the developers tried to create a survival game as realistic as possible, in which the actions of the characters would be close to reality [32].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Druckmann noted that The Last of Us script was supposed to “raise the bar” for other computer game developers, because, in his opinion, the standards in this industry are not as high as they should be [33] [34].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Naughty Dog separately requested focus groups with female players when it became known that the focus group firm recruited only male players.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

According to Druckmann, the studio found it necessary to intervene in this process after receiving complaints from female players; Druckmann called focus groups when the developer gathers players, shows them materials games and receives answers to quantitative and qualitative questions about the game, a particularly important point of development, and the use of only a male audience for this is “a relic of the past, which should soon leave” [35].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Two-time Oscar winner for Best Music Gustavo Santaolaglia was invited to write the soundtrack for the game [36].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

At E3 2012, the Last of Us gameplay demo was publicly shown for the first time.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

It presented a combat scenario and the first tools necessary to protect against small gangs (“hunters”).


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Before the release of the game, some journalists pointed to the resemblance of Ellie's character to Canadian actress Ellen Page [37] [38]; these accusations were joined by Paige herself, who claimed that her appearance” ripped off” to play without her knowledge [39].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Paige voiced and served as a model for creating the image of the heroine in another game, Beyond: Two Souls, which was developed simultaneously with The Last of Us.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

After showing the trailers of this game featuring the character, Paige Naughty Dog changed Ellie's appearance, making her more like Ashley Johnson, who voiced Ellie [40]; the developers rejected assumptions that this change has anything to do with Paige and her participation in Beyond: Two Souls, declaring it a “coincidence” [41].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

After the release of the game, a new scandal broke out.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The phone numbers of the pest control service present in the game turned out to be real numbers: by dialing them, the caller gets into the “phone sex” service.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Neil Druckmann admitted the problem, stating that these numbers were added by mistake [42].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Naughty Dog has released a special patch that removes these phone numbers.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

On April 9, 2014, Sony officially confirmed that The Last of Us Remastered will be released on PlayStation 4.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game was released on July 29, 2014 [43].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Downloadable add-ons


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Naughty Dog has announced that it will release three downloadable add-ons.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Two are for multiplayer and one for single player [44].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The first expansion of The Abandoned Territories Map Pack was released on October 16, 2013.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

It contains 4 multiplayer maps [45].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The second storyline expansion, The Last of Us: Left Behind, was announced on November 14 as part of the PlayStation All Access program [46], which was released on February 14 [47] [48].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

On April 16, 2014, Naughty Dog announced its third and final downloadable expansion pack, called Grounded Bundle.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

This DLC includes weapon packs and four new multiplayer maps, and a super complex Grounded Mode has been added to single-player (added to regular play with patch 1.07) [49].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The DLC was released on May 6, 2014.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Publications


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Survival Edition is exclusive to North America and includes a stilbook, hardcover art book (from Dark Horse Comics), The Last of Us: American Dreams comic (also from Dark Horse Comics), The Sights & Sounds DLC Pack and Naughty Dog sticker [50].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Post-Pandemic Edition became an exclusive to GameStop in the US.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

It includes a 12-inch statuette of Ellie and Joel, a stilbook, The Last of Us: American Dreams comic, The Sights & Sounds DLC Pack and a Naughty Dog sticker [51].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

For Europe, The Last of Us: Ellie Edition and The Last of Us: Joel Edition were released.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The editions include: special packaging, character posters, DualShock 3 stickers and costumes for LittleBigPlanet.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

A mini art book, mini comic, and The Sights & Sounds DLC Pack are also included [52].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In Russia, special publications are similar to European ones.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The Last of Us is available in an electronic edition that can be downloaded from the PlayStation Store.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

It has a special installer that allows you to start playing when it is half loaded [53].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The Last of Us Remastered for PlayStation 4 came out with all DLC, 60 frames per second and 1080p resolution.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

On October 23, 2014, Sony Computer Entertainment announced The Last of Us: Game of the Year Edition exclusively on PS3.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The publication was released in Europe and the United States on November 11, 2014.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

It includes the game and the three largest DLCs: Left Behind, Abandoned Territories & Reclaimed Territories and Grounded Mode [54].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

soundtrack


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Original soundtrack


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The official soundtrack includes 30 songs.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The music was written by Gustavo Santaolaglia, for whom it was his debut in the video game industry.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The album was released on June 7, 2013, seven days before the game's release.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Song listNo.Titlelength1.” The Quarantine Zone (20 Years Later)” 3:402.” The Hour” 1:013.” The Last of Us” 3:034.” Forgotten Memories” 1:075.” The Outbreak” 1:316.” Vanishing Grace” 2:067.” The Hunters” 2:008.” All Gone” 1:139.” Vanishing Grace (Innocence)” 0:5510.” By Any Means” 1:5311.” The Choice” 1:4212.” Smugglers” 1:3813.” The Last of Us (Never Again)” 1:0114.” The Last of Us (Goodnight)” 0:5115.” I Know What You Are” 1:2116.” Home” 3:0817.” Infected” 1:1618.” All Gone (Aftermath)” 1:0419.” The Last of Us (A New Dawn)” 2:2820.” All Gone (No Escape)” 2:5421.” Vanishing Grace (Childhood)” 1:4122.” The Path” 1:2923.” All Gone (Alone)” 1:2224.” Blackout” 1:3825.” The Way It Was” 1:3126.” Breathless” 1:2427.” The Last of Us (You and Me)” 2:0828.” All Gone (The Outside)” 1:5829.” The Path (A New Beginning)” 2:4730.” Returning” 3:35 Total length: 56:21


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Sales


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In its first week of sales, The Last of Us sold about 1.3 million copies, becoming one of the best-selling games of 2013 [55] [56].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Three weeks after the release of the game, it sold more than 3.4 million copies, making it a fast-selling PlayStation 3 game of the same year.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game also became the best-selling digital game on the PlayStation Store for PlayStation 3, but this record will later be broken by Grand Theft Auto V [58].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

As a result, the game became the tenth best-selling game of 2013 [59].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

By August 2014, the game had sold 8 million: 7 million on PlayStation 3 and 1 million on PlayStation 4 [60].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

By April 2018, The Last of Us had sold 17 million on both consoles [61].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

It is the third best-selling PlayStation 3 game in the UK and topped the charts for about six consecutive weeks [60].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game also topped the charts in the US, France, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Finland, Spain, and Japan.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Reviews and rewards


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

On June 5, 2013, the first reviews of the game were published.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game received high marks from magazines and online publications covering the gaming industry.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The largest resources, such as Eurogamer, IGN and Edge, gave the maximum points to the game, leaving rave reviews.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Most Russian publications also left positive reviews.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

For example, Playground.ru rated 10 out of 10, writing in its review the following: “A game that you can't tear yourself away from for a minute. Cons? We tried to find it Not found” [62].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

“Igromania”, putting the maximum 10 points, summed up the following result: “Games of the Last of Us level are not released every year or even every decade. It doesn't just make the most of the retiring console. Naughty Dog invented a miraculous formula that is very difficult to derive at home: history and gameplay exist here in absolute symbiosis” [63].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The Last of Us received Action of the Year awards (2013) from Igromania magazine [64] and Game of the Year (2013) from Igromania.ru [65].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Absolute Games gave the game 95% “Excellent”, concluding: “The Last of Us raises the bar for the quality of artistic content, focuses on the notorious “atmosphere”, and it has it It's pretty damn good, because she imitates the greats. Of course, it does not forget to be an excellent game at the same time — its mechanics, although simple at first glance, are carefully thought out and thoroughly tested — the game flows like music, and by the second third of the story, the pleasure of it becomes almost continuous. All this is due to the ability of developers to directly connect the game reality to our nervous systems. What's left here? Just get higher and explode with compliments” [66].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

At the 31st Golden Joystick Awards, the game won prizes for Best New Game and Best Story, and Naughty Dog was recognized as the best developer for The Last of Us [67].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

At the 2013 VGX ceremony, the game won the Best PlayStation Game nomination.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

At the 2014 Writers Guild of America Awards, the game won the Best Video Game Screenplay Award [68].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

At the D.I.C.E. Summit Awards 2014, the game won 10 awards, including the Best Game of the Year award [69].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game won five BAFTA 2014 awards out of 10 nominations [70]: Best Game of the Year, Best Story, Best Sound, Best Actress and Best Action/Best Adventure Game [71].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

The game won three awards at the Game Developer Choice Awards for Best Game of 2013, as well as Best Design and Best Storytelling [72].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

At the Golden Joystick Awards 2014, Left Behind won prizes in the nominations “Best Gaming Moment” and “Best Story” [73].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Continuation


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In an interview with Eurogamer, screenwriter and creative director of The Last of Us Neil Druckmann confirmed that there is a possibility of a sequel, but will it be a direct continuation of the first part or a completely new game in the universe, he did not specify [74].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In June 2015, at a MetroCon event, actor Nolan North, who participated in David's voice from the original game, indirectly confirmed the development of a sequel [75].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

However, in an interview with PlayStation Magazine, Neil Druckmann said that the studio was not developing the sequel [76].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

However, on December 3, 2016, the game was officially announced for the release of the game on the PlayStation Experience [77].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

During the speech, Neil Druckmann said that the game will use one of the most advanced facial animation capture technologies in the world [78].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

On June 12, 2018, the sequel was presented at Sony's E3 2018 [79] [80], where the gameplay of the game was first presented.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Interestingly, critics appreciated the new graphics and fighting shown in the trailer, saying that The Last of Us Part II would surpass its predecessor in some respects [81] [82] [83] [84].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

In January 2017, The Last of Us Part II received its first PlayStation Blog award in the category “Most Anticipated Game of the Year”.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Later that year, the game won its developers the Golden Joystick Awards's Most Wanted Game [86], and Most Anticipated Game at The Game Awards [87].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

On July 2, 2018, another award was awarded in the Special Graphics and Sound Award nomination at the Game Critics Awards [88].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

While the second trailer caused a flurry of joy among fans, it also attracted some criticism from experts for its cruelty [89] [90].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Jim Ryan, president of Sony Interactive Entertainment Europe, defended the trailer, saying that the game was “made by adults for adults” [91].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Druckmann explained: “We're making a game about the circle of cruelty, and we're making a statement about violence and the influence that is... [the idea] was to make the player feel “offended” by someone, so that feeling would make him think about his own actions in reality” [92].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Film adaptation


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

On November 25, 2013, Sony Pictures Entertainment registered domain names for the potential film The Last of Us [93].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

On March 6, 2014, it was announced that Screen Gems would distribute the film.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Neil Druckmann, screenwriter and creative director of the original game, will be responsible for the script.


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Naughty Dog co-owners Evan Wells and Christophe Balestra, game director of The Last of Us Bruce Straley, will also take part in the production process, and famous filmmaker Sam Raimi will act as producer [94].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Later, Neil Druckmann stated that the plot of the film would be based on the plot of the game [95].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

However, after that, for a year and a half, no work was carried out on the film adaptation of the game, and according to Druckmann himself, the film fell into a “production hell” [96].


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Notes


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

References


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:PlayStation 3 Games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:PlayStation 4 Games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Video games published by Sony Interactive Entertainment


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:2013 video games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Zombie video games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Video games developed in the USA


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Post-apocalyptic video games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:action-adventure


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Award-winning video games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:The Last of Us


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Third person shooters


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Survival horror


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Horror video games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:stealth action games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Multiplayer and single-player games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Survival Simulators


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Havok games


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Video games that take place in the USA


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category: Winners of the D.I.C.E. Awards — Game of the Year


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Video games about viral epidemics


Question: What is the name of the main character of Naughty Dog?

The Last of Us

Category:Video games with downloadable content


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

A bloomer molnia is a rare natural phenomenon that looks like a glowing formation floating in the air.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

To date, there is no single physical theory of the occurrence and course of this phenomenon, and there are also scientific theories that reduce the phenomenon to hallucinations.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

There are many hypotheses [1] that explain the phenomenon, but none of them have received absolute recognition in the academic community.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In the laboratory, similar but short-term phenomena have been obtained in several different ways, so the question of the nature of ball lightning remains open.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

As of the beginning of the 21st century, not a single pilot plant has been created on which this natural phenomenon would be artificially reproduced in accordance with the descriptions of eyewitnesses to the observation of ball lightning .


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

It is widely believed that ball lightning is a phenomenon of electrical origin, natural nature, that is, it is a special type of lightning that exists for a long time and has the shape of a ball that can move along an unpredictable, sometimes surprising trajectory for eyewitnesses.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Traditionally, the reliability of many eyewitness accounts of ball lightning remains in doubt, including:


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

the very fact of observing at least some phenomenon;


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

the fact of observing ball lightning, and not some other phenomenon;


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

some details of the phenomenon, given in the eyewitness testimony.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Doubts about the reliability of many evidence complicate the study of the phenomenon, and also create the ground for the emergence of various speculative and sensational materials allegedly related to this phenomenon.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

According to eyewitnesses, ball lightning usually appears in thunderstorm, stormy weather; often (but not necessarily) along with ordinary lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Most often, it seems to “come out” from the conductor or is generated by ordinary lightning, sometimes descends from the clouds, in rare cases it suddenly appears in the air or, according to eyewitnesses, can come out of any object (tree, pole) [2].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Due to the fact that the appearance of ball lightning as a natural phenomenon is rare, and attempts to artificially reproduce it on the scale of a natural phenomenon fail, the main material for studying ball lightning are evidence of unprepared bystanders for observations.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In some cases, eyewitnesses took photos and/or videos of the phenomenon.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

At the same time, the poor quality of these materials does not allow them to be used for scientific purposes.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Phenomenon and science


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Until 2010, the question of the existence of ball lightning was fundamentally refutable.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

As a result, as well as under the pressure of the presence of many eyewitnesses, it was impossible to deny the existence of ball lightning in scientific publications.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Thus, in the preface to the bulletin of the Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences on Combating Pseudoscience “In Defense of Science”, No. 5, 2009, the following wording was used:


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Of course, there is still a lot of uncertainty about ball lightning: it does not want to fly into scientists' laboratories equipped with appropriate devices [4].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The theory of the origin of ball lightning that meets the Popper criterion was developed in 2010 by Austrian scientists Joseph Peer and Alexander Kendl from the University Innsbruck.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

They published in the scientific journal Physics Letters A [5] the assumption that evidence of ball lightning can be understood as a manifestation of phosphenes - visual sensations without exposure to light on the eye, then There are ball lightning are hallucinations.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Their calculations show that the magnetic fields of certain lightning with repeated discharges induce electric fields into neurons in the visual cortex, which appear to humans to be ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Phosphenes can occur in people up to 100 meters away from a lightning strike.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

On July 23, 2012, on the Tibetan Plateau, ball lightning came into view of two slitless spectrometers, with which Chinese scientists studied the spectra of conventional lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

As a result, 1.64 seconds of ball lightning glow and its detailed spectra were recorded.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Unlike the conventional lightning spectrum, which mainly contains ionized nitrogen lines, the ball lightning spectrum is filled with iron, silicon and calcium lines, which are the main constituent substances of the soil.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

[7] [8]


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

This instrumental observation probably means that the phosphenes hypothesis is not exhaustive.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Observation history


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In the first half of the 19th century, the French physicist, astronomer and naturalist Francois Arago, perhaps the first in the history of civilization, collected and systematized all the evidence known at that time the appearance of ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

His book described 30 cases of observation of ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The statistics are small, and it is not surprising that many nineteenth-century physicists, including Kelvin and Faraday, tended during their lifetime to believe that this is either an optical illusion or a completely different phenomenon, of non-electric nature.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

However, the number of cases, the detail of the description of the phenomenon and the reliability of evidence increased, which attracted the attention of scientists, including well-known physicists.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In the late 1940s, Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa worked on the explanation of ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

A great contribution to the work on the observation and description of ball lightning was made by the Soviet scientist I. P. Stakhanov [9], who, together with S. L. Lopatnikov in the magazine “Knowledge is Power” in the 1970s published an article about ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

At the end of this article, he attached a questionnaire and asked eyewitnesses to send him their detailed memories of the phenomenon.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

As a result, he accumulated extensive statistics — more than a thousand cases, which allowed him to summarize some of the properties of ball lightning and propose his theoretical model of ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Historical evidence


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Thunderstorm at Widecom in the Moore


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

On October 21, 1638, lightning appeared during a thunderstorm in the church in the village of Widecom in the Moore, Devon County, England.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Eyewitnesses said that a huge fireball of about two and a half meters in diameter flew into the church.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

He knocked out several large stones and wooden beams from the walls of the church.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Then the ball allegedly broke the benches, broke many windows and filled the room with thick dark smoke with the smell of sulfur.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Then it split in half; the first ball flew out, breaking another window, the second disappeared somewhere inside the church.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

As a result, 4 people were killed, 60 were injured.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The phenomenon was explained by the “coming of the devil,” or “hellfire,” and blamed it on two people who dared to play cards during the sermon.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The incident aboard the Montague


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The impressive size of lightning is reported from the words of the ship's doctor Gregory in 1749.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Admiral Chambers aboard the Montague went up to deck around noon to measure the coordinates of the ship.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

He noticed a fairly large blue fireball about three miles away.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

An order was immediately given to lower the topseli, but the ball moved very quickly, and before it could change course, it took off almost vertically and was no higher than forty to fifty yards above rigging, disappeared with a powerful explosion, which is described as a simultaneous volley of thousands of guns.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The top of the mainmast was destroyed.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Five people were knocked down, one of them received many bruises.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The ball left behind a strong smell of sulfur; before the explosion, its size reached the size of a millstone.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The death of Georg Richman


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In 1753, Georg Richman, a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, died from a ball lightning strike.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

He invented a device for studying atmospheric electricity, so when he heard at a regular meeting that a thunderstorm was coming, he urgently went home with an engraver to capture the phenomenon.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

During the experiment, a bluish-orange ball flew out of the device and hit the scientist right in the forehead.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

There was a deafening roar, similar to the shot of a gun.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Richman fell dead, and the engraver was stunned and knocked down.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

He later described what had happened.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

There was a small dark crimson speck on the scientist's forehead, his clothes were scorched, his shoes were torn.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The door jambs shattered to pieces, and the door itself was blown off its hinges.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Later, the scene was inspected personally by M. IN. Lomonosov said.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The Warren Hastings incident


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

One British publication reported that in 1809, the Warren Hastings “attacked three fireballs” during a storm.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The crew saw one of them come down and kill a man on deck.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The one who decided to take the body was hit by a second ball; he was knocked down and left minor burns on his body.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The third balloon killed another person.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The team noted that after the incident above the deck there was a disgusting smell of sulfur.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Description in Wilfried de Fonvuel's book Lightning and Glow


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The book by the French author reports about 150 encounters with ball-shaped lightning: “Apparently, spherical zippers are strongly attracted by metal objects, so they often end up in balcony railings, water and gas pipes. They do not have a specific color, their shade can be different, for example, in Köthen in the Duchy of Anhalt, the lightning was green. M. Colon, deputy chairman of the Geological Society of Paris, saw the ball slowly descend along the bark of the tree. Touching the surface of the ground, he jumped up and disappeared without explosion. On September 10, 1845, lightning flew into the kitchen of a house in the village of Salanyak in the Corretse Valley. The balloon rolled through the entire room without causing any damage to the people there. When he reached the barn bordering the kitchen, he suddenly exploded and killed a pig accidentally locked there. The animal was not familiar with the wonders of thunder and lightning, so it dared to smell the most obscene and inappropriate way. Lightning does not move very fast: some have even seen them stop, but this causes no less destruction to the balls. Lightning that flew into the church in Stralsund threw several small balloons during the explosion, which also exploded like artillery shells.”


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

A remark in literature of 1864


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In the 1864 edition of “A Guide to the Scientific Knowledge of Things Familiar”, Ebenezer Cobham Brewer discusses “ball lightning”.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In his description, lightning appears as a slowly moving fireball of explosive gas that sometimes descends to the ground and moves along its surface.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

It is also noted that the balls can be divided into smaller balls and explode “like a cannon shot”.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Other testimonies


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In the children's book series by writer Laura Ingalls Wilder, there is a reference to ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Although the stories in the books are considered fictional, the author insists that they did happen in her life.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

According to this description, in winter, during a snowstorm, three balls appeared near the cast-iron stove.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

They appeared at the chimney, then rolled on the floor and disappeared.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

At the same time, Carolina Ingalls, the writer's mother, chased them with a broom.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

On April 30, 1877, ball lightning flew into the central temple of Amritsar (India), Harmandir Sahib.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The phenomenon was observed by several people until the ball left the room through the front door.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

This incident is captured at the gates of Darshani Deodi.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

On November 22, 1894, ball lightning appeared in Golden, Colorado (USA), which lasted an unexpectedly long time.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

As reported by the newspaper “Golden Globe”: “On Monday night, you could see a beautiful and strange phenomenon in the city. There was a strong wind and the air seemed to be filled with electricity. Those who were near the school that night could watch fireballs fly one after the other for half an hour. This building houses electric and dynamos produced by perhaps the best factory in the entire state. Probably, last Monday, a delegation arrived at the prisoners of dynamos directly from the clouds. Definitely, this visit was a success, as was the frantic game they started together.”


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In July 1907, on the west coast of Australia, a lighthouse at Cape Naturalist was struck by ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The lighthouse keeper Patrick Baird lost consciousness, and the phenomenon was described by his daughter Ethel.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Modern evidence


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

During World War II, pilots reported strange phenomena that could be interpreted as ball lightning [10].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

They saw small balls moving along an unusual trajectory.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

These phenomena began to be called foo fighters (Russian: “some fighters”).


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Submariners repeatedly and consistently reported on small ball lightning that occur in the confined space of the submarine.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

They appeared when the battery of the batteries was turned on, off, or incorrectly turned on, or in the event of a disconnection or incorrect connection of high-inductive electric motors.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Attempts to reproduce the phenomenon using the submarine's spare battery ended in failure and explosion.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

On August 6, 1944, in the Swedish city of Uppsala, a ball of lightning passed through a closed window, leaving behind a round hole about 5 cm in diameter.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The phenomenon was not only observed by local residents, but also the lightning tracking system of Uppsala University, which is located in the department for the study of electricity and lightning, also worked.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In 1954, physicist Domokos Tar observed lightning in a strong thunderstorm.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

He described what he saw in sufficient detail: “It happened on a warm summer day on Margaret Island on the Danube. It was about 25-27 degrees Celsius, the sky was quickly covered with clouds, and a strong thunderstorm was approaching. There was thunder in the distance. The wind rose and it started to rain. The thunderstorm front was coming very quickly. There was nothing nearby to hide, only a lonely bush (about 2 m high) nearby, which was bent by the wind to the ground. The humidity has risen to almost 100% due to rain. Suddenly, lightning struck the ground right in front of me (about 50 meters) (at a distance of 2.5 m from the bush). I've never heard such a rumble in my life. It was a very bright channel 25-30 cm in diameter, and it was exactly perpendicular to the surface of the earth. It was dark for about two seconds, and then a beautiful ball with a diameter of 30-40 cm appeared at an altitude of 1.2 m. It appeared at a distance of 2.5 meters from where the lightning struck, so this place of impact was right in the middle between the ball and the bush. The ball sparkled like a small sun and rotated counterclockwise. The axis of rotation was parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the line “bush — place of impact — ball”. The ball also had one or two reddish curls or tails that went right back (north), but not as bright as the sphere itself. They joined the ball after a split second (~0.3 s). The ball itself moved slowly and at a constant speed horizontally along the same line from the bush. Its colors were crisp and its brightness was constant across the entire surface. There was no more rotation, the movement took place at a constant height and at a constant speed. I didn't notice any more changes in size. It took about three more seconds — the ball immediately disappeared, and completely silently, although the noise of the thunderstorm might not have made me hear it.”


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The author himself assumes that the temperature difference inside and outside the channel of ordinary lightning with the help of a gust of wind formed a kind of vortex ring, from which the observed ball lightning was then formed [12].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

On August 17, 1978, a group of five Soviet climbers (Kavunenko, Bashkirov, Zybin, Koprov, Korovkin) descended from the top of Mount Trapezia and stopped for the night at an altitude of 3900 meters.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

According to the certificate of the master of sports of international class in mountaineering V. Kavunenko, a bright yellow ball lightning the size of a tennis ball appeared in a closed tent, which for a long time moved chaotically from body to body, making a crackle.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

One of the athletes, Oleg Korovkin, died on the spot from lightning contact with the solar plexus area, the rest were able to call for help and were taken to the city hospital of Pyatigorsk with a large the number of 4th degree burns of unexplained origin.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The case was described by Valentin Kuratov in the article “Meeting with a Fireball” in the January 1982 issue of the magazine “Technika — Molodezhi” [10].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In 2008, ball lightning flew through the window of a trolleybus in Kazan.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The conductor, using a validator, threw it to the end of the cabin, where there were no passengers, and an explosion occurred a few seconds later.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

There were 20 people in the cabin, no one was hurt.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

The trolleybus failed, the validator heated up and turned white, but remained in working order.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

On July 10, 2011, in the Czech city of Liberec, ball lightning appeared in the control room of the city emergency services.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

A ball with a two-meter tail jumped to the ceiling right out of the window, fell to the floor, jumped again to the ceiling, flew 2-3 meters, and then fell to the floor and disappeared.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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This frightened employees who felt the smell of burning wiring, and considered that a fire broke out.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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All computers froze (but didn't break), communications equipment was out of order overnight until it was repaired.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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In addition, one monitor was destroyed [14].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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On August 4, 2012, ball lightning frightened a villager in the Pruzhany District of the Brest Region [15].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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According to the newspaper “Rayonnyya Budni”, ball lightning flew into the house during a thunderstorm.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Moreover, as the owner of the house Nadezhda Vladimirovna Ostapuk told the publication, the windows and doors in the house were closed and the woman could not understand how the fireball entered the room.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Fortunately, the woman guessed that it is not necessary to make sudden movements, and remained just sitting still, watching the lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Ball lightning flew over her head and discharged into the electrical wiring on the wall.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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As a result of an unusual natural phenomenon, no one was hurt, only the interior decoration of the room was damaged, the newspaper reports.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Artificial reproduction of the phenomenon


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Overview of artificial reproduction approaches


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Since the appearance of ball lightning shows a clear connection with other manifestations of atmospheric electricity (for example, ordinary lightning), most experiments were carried out according to the following scheme: a gas discharge was created (the glow of gas discharges is widely known), and then conditions were sought when a luminous discharge could exist in the form of a spherical body.


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But researchers have only short-term gas discharges of spherical shape, living a maximum of a few seconds, which does not correspond to the testimony of eyewitnesses of natural ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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A. M. Hazen put forward the idea of a ball lightning generator consisting of a microwave transmitter antenna, a long conductor and a high-voltage pulse generator [16].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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List of applications


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Several statements were made about receiving ball lightning in laboratories, but these statements were mostly skeptical in the academic environment.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The question remains open: “Are the phenomena observed in the laboratory really identical to the natural phenomenon of ball lightning”?


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The first experiments and statements can be considered Tesla's works [17] at the end of the 19th century.


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In his brief note, he reports that, under certain conditions, when igniting a gas discharge, he, after turning off the voltage, observed a spherical luminous discharge with a diameter of 2-6 cm. However, Tesla did not provide details of his experience, so it is difficult to reproduce this installation.


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Eyewitnesses claimed that Tesla could make ball lightning for a few minutes, while he picked them up, put them in a box, covered them with a lid, took them out again...


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The first detailed studies of the glowing electrodeless discharge were carried out only in 1942 by the Soviet electrical engineer Babat: he managed to obtain a spherical gas discharge for a few seconds inside the low pressure chamber.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Kapitsa was able to obtain a spherical gas discharge at atmospheric pressure in a helium medium.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Additions of various organic compounds changed the brightness and color of the glow.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The literature [18] describes an installation scheme on which the authors reproducibly obtained some plasmoids with a lifetime of up to 1 second, similar to the “natural” ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Nauer [19] in 1953 and 1956 reported on the receipt of luminous objects, the observed properties of which fully coincide with the properties of light bubbles.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Attempts at theoretical explanation


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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In this age, when physicists know what happened in the first seconds of the universe's existence, and what is happening in black holes that have not yet been discovered, we are surprised to admit that the main elements antiquities — air and water — are still a mystery to us.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Most theories agree that the reason for the formation of any ball lightning is due to the passage of gases through a region with a large difference in electrical potentials, which causes ionization of these gases and compress them into a ball.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Experimental verification of existing theories is difficult.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Even if we count only the assumptions published in serious scientific journals, the number of theoretical models that describe the phenomenon and answer these questions with varying degrees of success, It's pretty big.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Classification of theories


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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On the basis of the place of the energy source that supports the existence of ball lightning, theories can be divided into two classes:


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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suggesting an external source;


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suggesting that the source is inside the ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Review of existing theories


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Kurdyumov's hypothesis by S. P. on the existence of localized dissipative structures in non-equilibrium media: “... The simplest manifestations of localization processes in nonlinear media are vortices... They have certain sizes, time existence, can spontaneously originate when flowing around bodies, arise and disappear in liquids and gases in intermittent modes close to a turbulent state. An example is solitons that occur in various nonlinear media. Even more difficult (from the point of view of certain mathematical approaches) are dissipative structures... in certain parts of the medium, processes can be localized in the form of solitons, autowaves, dissipative structures... it is important to highlight... the localization of processes on the environment in the form of structures that have a certain shape, architecture.”


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Kapitsa's hypothesis by P. L. on the resonant nature of ball lightning in the external field: a standing electromagnetic wave appears between clouds and the earth, and when it reaches a critical amplitude, in some place (most often, closer to the ground) there is a breakdown of air, a gas discharge is formed.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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In this case, ball lightning is, as it were, “strung” on the lines of force of the standing wave and will move along the conductive surfaces.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The standing wave is then responsible for energizing the ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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(“... With sufficient electric field voltage, conditions must arise for an electrodeless breakdown, which, by ionization resonance absorption by the plasma, must develop into a glowing ball with with a diameter of about a quarter of the wavelength”).


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[21] [22]


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Shironosov's hypothesis by V. G.: a self-consistent resonant model of ball lightning is proposed on the basis of works and hypotheses: Kurdyumova S. P. (on the existence of localized dissipative structures in non-equilibrium media); Kapitsa P. L. (on the resonant nature of ball lightning in the external field).


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Resonance model of ball lightning P. L. Kapitsa, having explained many things most logically, did not explain the main thing — the causes of the occurrence and prolonged existence of intense shortwave electromagnetic oscillations during a thunderstorm.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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According to the theory put forward inside the ball lightning, in addition to P. L. Kapitsa of shortwave electromagnetic oscillations, there are additional significant magnetic fields in tens of megaersted.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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As a first approximation, ball lightning can be considered as a self-stable plasma — “holding” itself in its own resonant variables and constant magnetic fields.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The resonant self-consistent model of ball lightning made it possible to explain not only its numerous mysteries and features qualitatively and quantitatively, but also, in particular, to outline the path of experimental production of ball lightning and similar self-stable plasma resonance formations controlled by electromagnetic fields.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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It is interesting to note that the temperature of such a self-retaining plasma in the understanding of chaotic motion will be “close” to zero due to the strictly ordered synchronous motion of charged particles.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Accordingly, the lifetime of such a ball lightning (resonant system) is large and proportional to its Q-factor.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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A fundamentally different hypothesis by B.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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M., who dealt with the problem of ball lightning for many years.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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In his theory, the core of ball lightning is an intertwined cellular structure, a kind of aerogel, which provides a strong frame at low weight.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Only the threads of the carcass are threads of plasma, not of a solid body.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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And the energy reserve of ball lightning is entirely hidden in the huge surface energy of such a microporous structure.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Thermodynamic calculations based on this model, in principle, do not contradict the observed data.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Another theory explains the totality of observed phenomena by thermochemical effects that occur in saturated water vapor in the presence of a strong electric field.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The energy of ball lightning here is determined by the heat of chemical reactions involving water molecules and their ions.


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The author of the theory is sure that it gives a clear answer to the mystery of ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The next theory assumes that ball lightning is heavy positive and negative air ions formed by a conventional lightning strike, the recombination of which is hampered by their hydrolysis.


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Under the influence of electrical forces, they gather in a ball and can coexist for a long time until their water “coat” collapses.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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This also explains the fact that the different color of the ball lightning and its direct dependence on the existence of the ball lightning itself - the rate of destruction of water “fur coats” and the beginning of the avalanche process recombination.


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According to another theory, ball lightning is a Rydberg substance [26] [27].


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L.Holmlid Group.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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is engaged in the preparation of the Ridberg substance in the laboratory not yet for the purpose of producing ball lightning, but mainly for the purpose of obtaining powerful electron and ion fluxes, using the fact that the work of the yield of the Ridberg substance is very small, a few tenths of an electron volt.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The assumption that ball lightning is a Rydberg substance describes much more of its observed properties, from the ability to occur under different conditions, consist of different atoms, to ability to pass through walls and restore a spherical shape.


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Plasmoids obtained in liquid nitrogen are also trying to explain the condensate of the Ridberg substance [28].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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A ball lightning model based on spatial Langmuir solitons in plasma with diatomic ions was used [29].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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An unexpected approach to explaining the nature of ball lightning has been proposed over the past six years by Torchigin V. P., according to which ball lightning is an incoherent optical spatial soliton [30], the curvature of which is different from zero.


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Translated into a more accessible language, ball lightning is a thin layer of highly compressed air, in which ordinary intense white light circulates in all possible directions.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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This light, due to the electrostrictive pressure it creates, ensures air compression.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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In turn, compressed air acts as a light guide that prevents light from emitting into free space [31].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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It can be said that ball lightning is a self-limited intense light or light bubble that has arisen from ordinary linear lightning [32].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Like a normal light beam, a light bubble in the Earth's atmosphere shifts in the direction of the refractive index of the air in which it is located.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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As for attempts to laboratory reproduce ball lightning, Nauer [19] in 1953 and 1956 reported on the receipt of luminous objects, the observed properties of which fully coincide with the properties light bubbles.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The properties of light bubbles can be obtained theoretically on the basis of generally accepted physical laws.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The objects observed by Nauer are not exposed to electric and magnetic fields, emit light from their surface, they can bypass obstacles and remain intact after penetrating through small holes.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Nauer assumed that the nature of these objects had nothing to do with electricity.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The relatively short lifetime of such objects (a few seconds) is explained by the low stored energy due to the weak power of the electric discharge used.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

With an increase in the stored energy, the degree of air compression in the shell of the light bubble increases, which leads to an improvement in the ability of the light guide to limit the light circulating in it and to the corresponding increasing the lifetime of the light bubble.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Nauer's work is a unique case when experimental confirmation of the theory appeared 50 years earlier than the theory itself.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In the works of M. Dvornikov [29] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39], a model of ball lightning was developed based on spherically symmetric nonlinear oscillations of charged particles in plasma.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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These oscillations were considered within the framework of classical [29] [34] [35] and quantum mechanics [33] [36] [37] [38] [39].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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It was found that the most intense plasma oscillations occur in the central regions of ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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It is suggested [36] [38] [39] that bound states of radially oscillating charged particles with oppositely oriented spins can occur in ball lightning — an analogue of Cooper pairs, which in turn can lead to the appearance of a superconducting phase within the ball lightning.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Previously, the idea of superconductivity in ball lightning was expressed in [40] [41].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Also, within the framework of the proposed model, the possibility of ball lightning with a composite core was studied [37].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

Austrian scientists from the University of Innsbruck Joseph Peer and Alexander Kendl, in their work published in the scientific journal Physics Letters A [42], described the effects of magnetic fields that occur during lightning, on the human brain.


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According to them, so-called phosphenes appear in the visual centers of the cerebral cortex - visual images that appear in humans when exposed to the brain or optic nerve of strong electromagnetic fields.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Scientists compare this effect to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), when magnetic impulses are sent to the cerebral cortex, provoking the appearance of phosphenes.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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TMS is often used as a diagnostic procedure on an outpatient basis.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Thus, physicists believe that when a person thinks that there is a ball of lightning in front of him, in fact, these are phosphenes.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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“When someone is within a radius of several hundred meters of a lightning strike, they can have a white spot in their eyes for a few seconds,” explains Kendl. “This happens when the cerebral cortex is affected. of the brain of an electromagnetic pulse.”


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However, this theory does not explain how ball lightning can be captured on video.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Russian mathematician M. AND. Zelikin offered an explanation for the phenomenon of ball lightning, based on the unconfirmed hypothesis about plasma superconductivity [41].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In the work of A. M. Hazen [43] [16] developed a model of ball lightning as a plasma clot with an inhomogeneous dielectric constant permanently existing in the electric field of a thunderstorm.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The electrical potential is described by an equation like the Schrödinger equation.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

In 1982 G P. Gladyshev proposed a physico-chemical model of ball lightning [44] [45] [46].


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

Thunderball

According to this model, ball lightning is a diffusion flame of nitrogen combustion supported by atmospheric direct currents.


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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The model is consistent with calculations and known data.


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See also


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Unidentified flying object


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Falsifiability


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pseudo science


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Commission for Combating Pseudoscience and Falsification of Scientific Research


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Notes


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Literature


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Journal articles


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Torchigin V. P., Torchigin A. IN. Ball lightning as a concentrate of light.


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//“Chemistry and Life”, 2003, No. 1, pp. 47-49


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Shabanov G.D., Sokolovsky B.Yu.


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//Plasma Physics Reports.


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P. 512


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Shabanov G.D.//Technical Physics Letters.


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No. 2.


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P. 164


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Books and reports


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Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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S. Singer Transl. from English.


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Moscow, Mir Publ., 1973, 239 p.


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Imyanitov I. M., Tikhiy D. ME.


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Beyond the laws of science.


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— Moscow: Atomizdat, 1980


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Grigorev A. AND. Thunderball.


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— Yaroslavl: YarSU, 2006.


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200 p.


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Lisitsa M. P., Valah M. ME.


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Interesting optics.


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Atmospheric and space optics.


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— Kiev: Logos Publ., 2002, 256 p.


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Brand W. Der Kugelblitz.


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Hamburg, Henri Grand, 1923


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Kunin V. N. — Vladimir: Vladimir State University, 2000, 84 p.


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References


Question: What is the discharge temperature of ball lightning?

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Arutyunov A. L. Artificial ball lightning//Kvant, 2005, No. 4, p. 19 (External link in |title= (help))


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Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


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Category:Lightning


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Category:Plasma physics


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Category:Unsolved problems of modern physics


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Category:Atmospheric electrical phenomena


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses II the Great was a pharaoh of Ancient Egypt from the XIX dynasty, who ruled approximately 1279—1213 BC.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Son of Seti I and Queen Tuya.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

One of the greatest pharaohs of Ancient Egypt.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

He was mainly awarded the honorary title of Hanakhtu, that is, “Winner”.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Monuments and papyri often call it the popular nickname Sesu or Sessu.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

This is undoubtedly the same name that Manethon's tradition mentions in this way: “Setosis, also called Ramesses”.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

For the Greeks, this name turned into Sezostris, the hero of legendary legends and the world conqueror.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The number of its monuments of varying degrees of preservation in Egypt and Nubia is extremely large.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The beginning of the reign


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Accession to the throne


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Ramesses II ascended the throne on the 27th day of the third month of the yu season (that is, Drought).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The young king was about twenty years old at that time.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Despite the huge number of monuments and documents bearing the name of Ramesses II, the history of his more than 66 years of reign is covered in sources rather unevenly.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Dated documents exist for each year of his reign, but they are extremely heterogeneous, from religious monuments to honey pots from Deir el-Medina.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Victory over Nubians and Libyans


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The change of pharaohs could, as in previous times, encourage oppressed peoples to hope for successful uprisings.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

From the first months of the reign of Ramesses, the image of the drive of Canaan prisoners to the pharaoh has been preserved, but it is somewhat conditional.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

But the uprising in Nubia was apparently so significant that it required the personal presence of the pharaoh to suppress it.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The country was pacified.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

During this campaign, 7,000 people were killed in only one sparsely populated region of Irem.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

The governor of Ramesses in Nubia was able to pay him a rich tribute in the first months of his reign and was happy for this with awards and royal favor.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Perhaps at the very beginning of his reign, Ramesses also had to deal with Libyans.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

In any case, there is an image of his triumph over his western neighbor, dating back to the first months of his reign.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Sherdan defeat


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

No later than the 2nd year of his reign, Ramesses defeated the Sherdans, representatives of one of the “peoples of the sea” (it is believed that they later settled the island of Sardinia).


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Egyptian inscriptions speak of enemy ships and their defeat during sleep.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

From this we can conclude that it took place at sea or on one of the Nile branches and that the warlike Sherdans were taken by surprise by the Egyptians.


Question: At what age did Ramesses II the Great ascend to the throne?

Ramesses II

Sherdan prisoners were incorporated into the Egyptian army.