Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridges with electric ignition are used in systems of firearms without barrels, have a larger mass due to the steel core.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridges with classic shock ignition are divided into single- and double-bullet cartridges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The bullet is a rubber ball without a core, which has a low weight.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The impact of bullets from traumatic weapons depends on their type.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Caseless cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

A caseless cartridge is a cartridge that does not have a metal or hard paper sleeve, similar to a hunting rifle cartridge, as a component.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The idea of caseless cartridges appeared a long time ago.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The advantages of such ammunition are, firstly, the simplification of the operation of automation due to the absence of the need to extract the spent cartridge case, and secondly, a significant relief of the cartridge, which makes it possible to increase shooter's carried ammunition.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The disadvantages of caseless loading are the danger of self-ignition of the charge from contact with heated parts of the weapon during intensive firing (in traditional case loading, firstly, the cartridge case quite successfully isolates gunpowder from hot parts, and secondly, when released, it takes away a significant part of the heat, so that the weapon warms up more slowly), as well as problems with obturation, leading to a breakthrough powder gases into the mechanism — with traditional loading, the cartridge case inflated with powder gases successfully isolates the chamber from the rest of the structure.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The most famous model of hand-held small arms for caseless ammunition (DM11 4.7x33 mm) is the G11 assault rifle of the German company Heckler & Koch.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The development of the rifle and, accordingly, the cartridge for it began in the late 60s.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The development of the DM11 cartridge was completed by the mid-80s, while engineers solved the main problem of caseless cartridges - self-ignition of the cartridge during intensive firing.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

For this purpose, a nitramine-based propellant was developed, which had a high ignition temperature and made it possible to press cartridge blocks of arbitrary shape from it.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

However, the price for this was sensitivity to ambient temperature - at temperatures below zero Celsius, the initial velocity of the bullet fell significantly.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

A significant reduction in military spending with the end of the Cold War, which did not allow solving the problems with obturation, as well as the huge complexity and high cost of the rifle itself, led to the closure of the project in 1991 year.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In addition to the DM11, some companies have also developed weapons for caseless cartridges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The greatest success in this area was achieved by the Austrian company Voere, releasing the Voere VEC-91 hunting rifle for a 5.7 × 27 mm UCC caseless cartridge.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In addition to hand-held small arms, caseless ammunition is successfully used in artillery, where the gun is separately loaded first with a projectile, and then caps with gunpowder.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

This is called “separate cap loading”.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Silent cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridges with a thick-walled cartridge case and a wad plug that provides cut-off of powder gases.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

At the time of the shot, the wad plug moves forward under the action of powder gases, pushes out the bullet, after which it rests on the narrowing and does not leave the cartridge case, locking the powder gases in it and ensuring noiselessness.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The bullet in such cartridges is subsonic, which ensures the absence of ballistic cotton.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

One of the approaches to a comprehensive solution to the problem of noiselessness assumes that only a cartridge with subsonic bullet speed can radically reduce the sound of a shot, since when fired from supersonic the speed of the bullet, even with perfect jamming of the sound of the shot, remains the sound formed by the shock wave.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridges for powder tools


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridges for a powder tool are used as a source of energy to perform any work.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The most widely used are construction and installation guns used to drive steel dowel-nails into steel, concrete, brick when attaching metal structures to them.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In Russia and the world, the most common calibers of mounting cartridges are 6.8/11 and 6.8/18.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The mounting cartridges 6.8/11 and 6.8/18 are ring-ignition cartridges, consist of a sleeve with a pressed impact composition, gunpowder is poured into the sleeve, and the muzzle of the sleeve is compressed with an asterisk like blank cartridges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Strictly speaking, the mounting cartridge can be classified as blank, but the gunpowder charge in the mounting cartridges is proportional to the intended work, in contrast to blank charges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

It should be noted that fast-burning powder is used in mounting cartridges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Ammo is produced in several power levels, the most powerful black (or purple), followed by red, blue, green, yellow, and white.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Training cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Training cartridges or training shots for artillery pieces are made similar to combat, but completely devoid of explosive or incendiary materials - neutralized.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

They are also referred to as inert.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

They are used for training in weapons and ammunition, or for demonstration purposes.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridge requirements


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The main requirements for cartridges are safety in handling, for live ammunition, as well as high reliability of operation.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

To ensure the safety and standardization of weapons and ammunition, a Permanent International Commission was created, meeting in Brussels, to which Russia joined.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The requirements of the commission apply to all civilian weapons and are enshrined in law in the Russian Federation.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Most military weapons also de facto meet these requirements.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The so-called PMC (or C.I.P.) tables contain requirements for the maximum dimensions of cartridges and the minimum dimensions of the chambers for each type of cartridge, as well as the limit pressures of powder gases and methods for measuring them.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Consumer qualities are not regulated.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In addition, cartridges must meet the following requirements:


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

For self-loading weapons, the minimum value of the maximum pressure of the powder gases must not be lower than the level sufficient for the operation of the reloading mechanism.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The accuracy, that is, the dispersion when firing from rigidly fixed weapons, in a series of shots should not exceed a certain radius.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Accuracy of gunpowder weight.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The spread of mass and physico-chemical characteristics of the powder charge causes fluctuations in the maximum pressure of the powder gases from shot to shot, which increases the dispersion of bullets, and can also lead to weapon failures when shooting.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The variation in the characteristics of ignition devices also leads to fluctuations in the maximum pressure of the powder gases, and sometimes to misfires.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Armor penetration (live ammunition only).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

It is determined by shooting at an armor plate of a certain thickness, fixed at a certain distance, sometimes at an angle.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Of a series of shots, 80 or 90% of the cores must leave through holes.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The combat qualities of a weapon — primarily its effectiveness and, to a large extent, maneuverability — are determined by the ballistic characteristics of the selected cartridge.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The design of the cartridge has a significant impact on the reliability of the weapon.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Increasing the rigidity of the bullet adversely affects the survivability of the barrel.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The accuracy of the cartridge elements manufacturing affects the effectiveness and reliability of the weapon.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

As a rule, tolerances for the dimensions of cartridges or bullets are set to an accuracy of 0.01 mm.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The control tool has an accuracy of 0.001 mm.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The functional reliability of the weapon locking mechanisms, percussion mechanisms and the safety of ammunition handling largely depend on the accuracy of the cartridge case manufacture and its strength.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

See also


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

List of rifled ammunition


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Literature


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Notes


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

References


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

- video


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

//world.guns.ru


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Category:Ammo


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

March [1] (Italian: marcia, French: la marche - campaign, transition; from - go) - organized, in accordance with the guidelines, the movement of military personnel (troops) on foot, on animals or by cars.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

The march can be made to the front, along the front, from the front to the rear.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

According to the conditions of the event, it is customary to distinguish between a march in anticipation of entering battle and a march without the threat of a collision with the enemy.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

History


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

The ability to march is one of the main skills of the troops, since arriving at the battlefield on time, in an organized manner, having personnel able to fight and having enough time to prepare for battle is more than half the battle success rate.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

For many centuries, infantry was the main and largest branch of the armed forces.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

It was the large number of rifle troops (infantry) that predetermined that it had to move on foot, since it was usually impossible to have so many horses to transport infantry at least on carts (although in world military history such attempts are known, for example, the corvolant of the Russian army during the Northern War).


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Dragoons were conceived as a type of riding infantry, they had to move on horseback, and engage in battle on foot.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Marching training, that is, training in the ability to make walking marches, was one of the main types of training for all branches of the armed forces before the widespread use of vehicles.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

It was so important that in 1909, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, having decided to test the convenience of the new equipment, put on everything that an infantry soldier was supposed to carry on the march, and went with one from regiments more than 25 kilometers away.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

After making sure that the new equipment was more convenient, he signed an order introducing it to the troops.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

With the advent of railways, troops began to transport them over long distances, but infantry still walked at distances of up to 500-700 kilometers.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

During the First World War, motorized infantry (motorized infantry) appeared on trucks, but during World War II, most of the infantry moved on foot.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

It was only after World War II that rifle troops (infantry) became fully motorized over time.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Species


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Long distance march


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Organized movement of various formations in columns on vehicles, combat vehicles or on foot along column tracks and military roads, more than one day crossing , in order to arrive at the designated area of concentration (at the specified boundary) by the set time in readiness for further tasks.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

In modern conditions, a long-distance march for various purposes is becoming widespread, especially in connection with a sharp increase in the spatial scope and dynamism of the military ( combat) actions.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

the speed of the march columns over long distances depends on:


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

training of personnel;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

organizing the march itself;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

the natural conditions and terrain in which the march takes place;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

type, type and models of weapons, combat and transport vehicles;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

and many other factors.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

In service and military equipment, with good visibility during the day along column tracks and military roads, on paved roads, the average speed is 40-50 km/h, and on improved dirt roads — 30 — 40 kilometers per hour.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

When the column moves at night, without light camouflage, the speed is limited to 20-25 km/h, when driving under light camouflage conditions - up to 10 kilometers per hour.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

When marching on foot, the average speed of units can be 4-5, on skis 5-7 kilometers per hour.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

It is noteworthy that during the Zapad-2009 exercises, the Russian brigade marched by rail — 450 km to Belarus and 420 km across Belarus — in seven days (fantastic)!


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

But during the Soviet era, the 11th Army of the Baltic Military District - two motorized rifle and two tank divisions plus an army set of units - covered 1200 km in two days and entered Czechoslovakia.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

March Throw


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

A march is a rapid organized movement of troops or a separate military unit, with alternating step and run.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

The movement can be carried out, depending on the tasks assigned, either on foot or on horseback.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

The march is made for quick maneuvering in pre-battle and battle formations.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

A swift walking, riding march contributes to success in the conduct of hostilities.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

On foot or on horseback, the march is made by military personnel at an accelerated pace, with alternating step and running.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Also, during the combat training of military personnel, a march is one of the methods of moral, psychological and physical training and can last for a long time.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

March maneuver


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

March maneuver is an outdated military term [2], which means the movement of large masses of troops (military formations and associations [3]) in a marching order [4] [5] in order to occupy an advantageous position, regrouping, building up forces [6] or getting out of a threatening situation [3].


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Forced march


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

The forced march differs from the normal one by the much longer length of the daily transition, which is achieved by increasing the speed and duration of movement [7].


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Types


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Solemn march (parade, ceremonial march) passing (driving) past the chief at parades or shows, with music and salute:


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

on foot;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

on foot;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

bicycles (scooters);


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

on animals;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

on horseback (on horseback, camels, etc.);


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

by animal-drawn transport;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

by car;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

motorcycles;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

cars;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

armored vehicles;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Marching march: troops on a march per day can overcome: wheeled (automobile) columns 400 kilometers, mixed (wheeled and tracked) columns (tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, cars, etc.) 300 kilometers, on foot order or on skis 30 — 50 kilometers:


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

on foot (may include a march);


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

on foot;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

skiing;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

on bicycles;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

on animals (may include a march);


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

by animal-drawn transport;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

by car (transport);


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

motorcycles;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

cars;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

armored vehicles;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

railway transport;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

water transport;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

air transport.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Metrics


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

goal;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

traffic route;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

information about the enemy, the place of a possible meeting with him;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

marching order, composition and tasks;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

speed of movement, places and approximate time of stops;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

the procedure for meeting with the enemy and the gathering place in case of dispersed evasion from the enemy's pursuit;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

control and interaction signals;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

the time of readiness to start the movement;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

armament of personnel, material, technical and medical support.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

marching opportunities


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

average speed


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

daily transition


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Notes


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Literature


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Military Encyclopedia, 1911—1914;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

K. Mendyuk, “Training in the march as a method of military training”, Questions of the physiology of military labor, collection No. 1, 1928, Moscow (M. );


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

D. Rosenblum and K. Mendyuk, “Experience in Studying an Accelerated March”, Military Sanitary Collection, No. 5, 1928;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

O. Sheinberg, “Fatigue and restoration of a fighter's performance during the day and night march”, Military Sanitary Affairs, No. 4, 1929;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

About Dukelskaya and L. Klaus, “Drinking regime in the conditions of a military march”, Military Sanitary Affairs, No. 4, 1930;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

G. Chekulaev, “On the impact of the march in the mountains on the body of a fighter”, Military Sanitary Collection, No. 4, 1930;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

D. F. Loza, “March and Oncoming Battle” — Moscow: Voenizdat, 1968.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

— 208 p. Circulation is 15,000 copies.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

The price is 68 kopecks;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (TSB), Third Edition, published by the Sovetskaya Encyclopedia publishing house in 1969—1978 in 30 volumes;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

The combat regulations of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR (platoon-detach-tank);


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Combat Regulations of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR (battalion-company)


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

“Military Encyclopedic Dictionary” (WES), VI, 1984, 863 pages with illustrations (ill.), 30 sheets (Il. );


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

“Glossary of military terms”


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

— M.: Voenizdat.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Comp.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

A. M. Plekhov, S. G. Shapkin, 1988;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Military History Dictionary, 1998;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

A. Kryukovskikh, Dictionary of Historical Terms, 1998;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Lieutenant General P. S. Vashurin.


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Preparing units for marches;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Great medical encyclopedia;


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

References


Question: What is marching?

Marsh (military)

Category:Military art


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Bóli in the abdomen and pelvis or gastralgia (from Ancient Greek: gastralgia, stomach, stomach+Ancient Greek: λγω - feel pain, suffer) is an unpleasant feeling associated with real or possible tissue damage or described in terms of this injury (as defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Types of abdominal pain


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Pain is a consequence of excitation of receptors in damaged tissue.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

There are two groups of receptors:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

somatic pain mechanoreceptors (nociceptors) that have a high sensitivity threshold, their stimulation causes a feeling of pain;


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

visceral polymodal receptors, which, with mild irritation, transmit information about the state of the organ and only with severe irritation give a feeling of pain.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Accordingly, three types of abdominal pain are distinguished: visceral, somatic and reflected.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Somatic receptors are richly supplied with parietal peritoneum (therefore, such pains are sometimes called parietal pains), mesentery, they are found in the bile ducts and ureters.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

This pain is very intense and the patient can well determine its localization.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Visceral pain occurs directly in the affected organ.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

It is painful and is usually accompanied by sweating, nausea, vomiting, sharp pale skin.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

This pain, although difficult, can be localized in the epigastric, periumbilical region, or above the pubic symphysis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Reflected abdominal pain appears with very intense irritation of the affected organ and is observed in diseases of the brain, meninges and many internal organs.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

There are two main causes of abdominal pain - bloating of the abdominal organs (visceral pain), and irritability of the peritoneum (somatic pain).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Bloating of any hollow organ (for example, bile duct, large and small intestine, bladder, ureters, gynecological organs - uterus, fallopian tubes) leads to spastic ( spasmodic) and intermittent (intermittent) abdominal pain.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Visceral pain is poorly localized and is usually noted by patients in the midline of the abdomen.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The swelling of the upper part of the digestive tract is usually located in the epigastric region.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Blood supply to the upper part of the digestive tract is carried out through the celiac arterial trunk.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

It includes the stomach, duodenum, bile ducts.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The bloating of the middle part of the digestive tract is usually localized in the periumbilical region.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Blood supply to the middle part of the digestive tract (from the duodenum to the transverse colon) is carried out through the superior mesenteric artery.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The swelling of the lower part of the intestine is localized in the suprapubic region.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The blood supply to the lower part of the intestine (from the transverse colon to the rectum) is carried out through the inferior mesenteric artery.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

In contrast to visceral pain, somatic pain is well localized.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Irritation of the parietal peritoneum as a result of movement or stretching leads to acute pain.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Variants of the course of abdominal pain


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

There are acute, chronic and recurrent pain.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Acute abdominal pain may be the result of acute surgical pathology, trauma or acute infectious disease, its time frame is limited to 3 months.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Longer pain is called chronic pain.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

If the pain recurs for 3 months at least 3 times, then it is referred to as relapsing.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Such pains in most cases are caused by chronic diseases of the digestive system or their functional disorders.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Acute abdominal pain (“acute abdomen”)


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The group of diseases grouped under the general term “acute abdomen” includes:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

1. Acute inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Acute appendicitis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Meckel's acute diverticulitis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Acute cholecystitis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Acute pancreatitis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Peritonitis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

2. Acute disorders of patency along the gastrointestinal tract:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Acute intestinal obstruction.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Infringement of the hernia.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

3. Hollow organ perforation:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Perforation of gastric or duodenal ulcers.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Diverticulum perforation.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Tumors.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

4. Bleeding into the lumen of the hollow organs or into the abdominal cavity:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Spleen rupture.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Liver rupture.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Abdominal aorta rupture.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Ovarian rupture.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

5. Circulatory disorders in the abdominal organs.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The success of treatment of all diseases that manifest as symptoms of an “acute abdomen” depends on the correctness and timeliness of the diagnosis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Among all clinical signs, the most significant “anxiety symptoms” should be identified, which indicate a high probability of surgical pathology:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The onset of pain as the first symptom of the disease.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Refusal to eat, change behavior (loud crying in a child, sharp anxiety or lack of mobility, forced position).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Waking up from pain or not being able to sleep.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The appearance of vomiting against the background of pain.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

No stool and gas.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Pallor, cold sweat.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Tachycardia that does not correspond to the temperature.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Muscle tension in the anterior abdominal wall.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The last sign is the most important one.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The detection of muscle tension in the anterior abdominal wall testifies in favor of an acute surgical disease of the abdominal organs, which requires urgent surgical intervention.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Additional diagnostic methods for acute abdominal pain:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Clinical blood test (to assess the activity of inflammatory changes).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

An overview of the abdominal cavity in a vertical position (to exclude intestinal obstruction, perforation, diaphragmatic hernia).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity (to exclude changes in the kidneys, gallbladder and pancreas).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (only if bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract is suspected).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Recurrent abdominal pain


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

In infants in the first months of life, recurrent abdominal pain (BZH) is usually manifested in the form of intestinal colic, which is manifested by anxiety and crying.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

To diagnose intestinal colic, the “rule of three” is used: crying for 3 or more hours a day (usually no more than 1 hour) for at least 3 days a week for 3 consecutive weeks.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

On the other hand, RBJ in children in the first months of life can be symptoms of serious diseases, among which the most common are:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Intestinal infections (especially those caused by conditionally pathogenic microflora).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Food allergies.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Gastrointestinal anomalies (cysts, hernias, stenoses, etc.).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Gastroesophageal reflux disease.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Suspicion of these diseases requires an in-depth examination, including:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Microbiological examination of feces.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Coprogram.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract with barium (passage and irrigography).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Abdominal ultrasound.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Daily pH metry.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The causes of RBJ in older children and adults are diverse, they are divided into 5 categories: anatomical, infectious, non-infectious inflammatory, biochemical and functional.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

For practical purposes, the localization of pain (and soreness) and the combination of dyspeptic symptoms of RBJ can be divided into 3 groups:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Paroxysmal pain in meso- and hypogastric without dyspeptic symptoms.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Pain (or tenderness) in the epigastric, including those with symptoms of “upper dyspepsia”.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Pain in meso- and hypogastric with impaired bowel function.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Paroxysmal pain in the meso- and/or hypogastric is usually paroxysmal, quite intense, not related to the intake and nature of food or defecation.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The causes of such pains may be:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Parasite infestation.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Intestinal infections.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Recurrent incomplete intestinal obstruction.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Violation of colon fixation (Pyre syndrome).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Celiac stenosis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Kidney diseases (pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, etc.).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Gynecological pathology.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The survey should include:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Clinical and biochemical analysis of blood.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Clinical urinalysis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Sowing feces for acute intestinal infection.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Examination of feces for parasites (helminth eggs, lamblia).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Irrigography.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Doppler sonography of abdominal vessels.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Epigastric pain is more often associated with eating and manifests itself in the form of two main variants of functional dyspepsia: ulcerous or dyskinetic.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The first is characterized by aching pains on an empty stomach that passes after eating, the second - a feeling of heaviness, overflow, rapid satiety combined with belching and nausea, sometimes vomiting, bringing relieved.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Such pain syndrome in 90% of cases is a manifestation of chronic gastroduodenitis, often associated with duodenal ulcer.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

GERD is found in 20% of these patients.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Ulcerative syndrome is usually caused by hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and Helicobacter pylori infection, dyskinetic syndrome is caused by impaired gastroduodenal motility.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

In diseases of the biliary tract, pancreas, pain is localized in the epigastrium and less often in the hypochondrium.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The cause of epigastric pain may be giardiasis.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The examination of this group of patients should include:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

EGD with biopsy from the antral part of the stomach.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

A study on Helicobacter pylori.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Daily intragastric pH metry.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity with assessment of the contractile function of the gallbladder.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Examination of feces on lamblia.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Determination of liver enzymes, amylase.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Pain in the middle and lower abdomen in combination with impaired bowel function occurs in many diseases that are of different nature: infectious, inflammatory, anatomical, functional.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

They require the most extensive examination.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The range of possible causes of such pains is quite wide:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Celiac disease.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Food allergies.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Parasitoses.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Intestinal infections (yersiniosis, campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis).


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Colon anomalies (Hirschsprung's disease with ultrashort segment, dolichosigma, colon fixation disorders)


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Disaccharidase deficiency (lactase, sucrase-isomaltase)


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Irritable bowel syndrome.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

The survey should include:


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Clinical and biochemical blood tests.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Coprogram and parasitological study.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Sowing feces on OKI.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

EGD with biopsy from the small intestine and morphological examination of biopsy specimens.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Fibrocolonoscopy.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Irrigography.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Blood test for antigliadin antibodies, antibodies to endomysia, tissue transglutaminase of the small intestine


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Immunological testing, including antibodies to food antigens


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

A sugar curve with lactose (or other disaccharides) or a hydrogen test.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Gastralgia


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Gastralgia (from Ancient Greek: gastralgia and - pain), cramping pain in the stomach, usually caused by a stomach disease.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

It is most common in inflammatory diseases of the stomach, dyspepsia, ulcerative lesions.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

It also occurs in some constitutional diseases: gouty diathesis, anemia, hysteria; often associated with lead colic, sometimes with diseases of the uterus and ovaries.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Notes


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Literature


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Kornienko Ye.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

A. Pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

— 2005, Vol. 13, — No. 18, -s.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Ashcraft K. W., Holder T.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

M.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Pediatric surgery.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

— St. Petersburg, Pit-Tal, 1997, vol. 1, 400 p.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Komarov F. I., Lisovsky V. A., Borisov V. G. Acute abdomen and gastrointestinal bleeding in the practice of a therapist and surgeon — L., Medicine, 1971, 200 p.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Naikhus L. M., Vitello D. M., Conden R. E.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Abdominal pain.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

— M., Binom Publ., 2000, 287 p.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Palchik A. B.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

, Shabalov N. P. Pain and pain syndrome in children.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

— “Childhood Illnesses” by N. P. Shabalova, St. Petersburg, “Peter” Publ., 2002, Izd.5, vol.2, pp.573-580.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Apley J. The child with abdominal pains.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

— Oxford: Blackwell Scientific publications, 1959.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Boyle JT.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Functional abdominal pain as etiology of recent abdominal pain.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

- Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, NY,!


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

994, r.106-114.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Fitzgerald M., Mclntosh N., Pain and analgesia in the new-born.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

— Arch.Dis.Child.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

,1989, v.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

64, p. 441-443.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Hymans J.S. Recurrent abdominiil pain in children.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

- J.pediatrGastroent Nutn 1997, v.25, p. 16-17.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Hymans JS.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Recurrent abdominal pain in children.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

- Current opinion in pediatrics, 1995, v.7, p. 529—532.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Sutphen P.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Is it colic or is it gastroesophageal reflux?


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

- J.Pediatr.Gastroent.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Nutr.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

,2001, ch.33, p. 110-111.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Zeltzer L.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

K.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

, Arnoult S., Hamilton A. et al.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Visceral pain in children — Pediairic Gastroiniestinil Motility Disorder.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

NY, 1994, p. 156-176.


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Category:Pain


Question: What should I do if my stomach hurts on the right?

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Category:Symptoms of gastroenterological diseases


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Visual impairment — A decrease in the ability to see to the point that it causes problems that cannot be eliminated by conventional methods, such as glasses or medication.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[1] [2] [3]


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

This may be due to illness, trauma, congenital or degenerative diseases.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

This loss of vision is generally defined as:


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Visual acuity with correction less than 20/60, or a significant defect in the central field,


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

A significant two-sided visual defect of the same name or different name in the peripheral field, including a field defect or general compression or narrowing of the field, or


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Reduced peak contrast sensitivity under any of the above conditions.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[1] [2] [3] [4]


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Eye disorders that can lead to visual impairment may include retinal degeneration, albinism, cataracts, glaucomas, muscle problems that lead to visual impairment, corneal disorders, diabetic retinopathy, congenital malformations and infections.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Visual impairment can also be caused by disorders of the brain and nervous system, in this


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

the case is usually referred to as cortical visual impairment (CVI).


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The American Medical Association's Persistent Deterioration Assessment Guide has attempted to present a “standardized, objective approach to assessing medical disorders.”


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The Visual System chapter “establishes criteria for assessing the constant deterioration of the visual system, how this affects a person's ability to perform actions in


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

of everyday life”.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[5] The guide estimated that the loss of one eye accounts for 25% of visual impairment and 24% of the total depreciation of a person; [5] [6].


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Complete loss of vision in both eyes is believed to be 100% visual impairment and 85% of a person's complete depreciation [5]


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Visual disturbances cause a significant economic blow even in developed


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

countries.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Much of the global visual impairment is preventable.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[8] Updated forecast based on


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

data from the 2010 census in the United States estimates that 13 million


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Americans aged 40 and over will have visual impairment or be


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

blind by 2050.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Grading


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Anyone with impaired vision is not correctable by glasses or contact


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

lenses are visually impaired.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

World Health Organization


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

uses the following classification of visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

When visual acuity


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

the best eye with the best correction:


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

20/30 to 20/60: considered mild loss of vision, or near normal vision


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

20/70 to 20/160: considered moderate visual impairment, or moderately impaired vision


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Legal blindness


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

20/200 to 20/400: considered a serious visual impairment or severe visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

20/500 to 20/1000: considered a profound visual impairment, or profound loss of vision


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

More than 20/1000: considered almost complete visual impairment or near-total blindness


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

No light perception: considered general visual impairment or complete blindness


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

There are also levels of visual impairment based on loss of visual fields (loss of peripheral vision).


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In the United States, anyone with uncorrectable vision, less than 20/200 in the best eye, or who has a 20-degree (diameter) or less residual field of vision, is considered blind or may be is classified as a disabled person and may be included in some state-funded programs.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

GB


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Strong visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

It is determined when the acuity of central vision is less than 3/60 with normal visual fields, or with a gross restriction of the field of vision.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The inability to see from 3 m what a person with normal vision sees from 60 m.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Vision impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The ability to see from a distance of 3 to 6 m, which can be seen at 60 m with normal vision


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Less severe visual impairment is not covered by the registration data and its prevalence is difficult to quantify


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Poor eyesight


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Visual acuity is less than 6/18 but greater than 3/60.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Do not have the right to drive and may have difficulty recognizing faces across the street, watching TV, or choosing clean, stain-free, suitable clothing.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

United States of America


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In the United States, the terms “partially sighted,” “visually impaired,” “blind,” and “completely blind” are used in schools, colleges, and other educational institutions to describe students with visual impairments.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[11] They define the following:


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The visually impaired person indicates certain types of visual problems, with the need for special education in some cases;


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Poor vision in general refers to severe visual impairment, not necessarily limited to distant vision.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Poor vision affects all persons with vision that does not allow reading the newspaper at a normal viewing distance, even with glasses or contact lenses.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

This uses a combination of vision and other senses for learning, may require adaptation to light or print size, and sometimes Braille:;


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Short-sighted — unable to see distant objects clearly


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Farsighted—unable to see close objects clearly


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

A legally blind person indicates that a person has a visual acuity of less than 20/200 or a field of view of less than 20 degrees in the best eye after the best correction (contact lenses or glasses); and


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

A fully blind student can learn through Braille or other non-visual media.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Health effects


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Visual impairment can take many forms and can be of varying degrees.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Visual acuity is not always a good indicator of the severity of a problem.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Someone with relatively good sharpness (e.g. 20/40) may have difficulties with daily functioning, and someone with poor eyesight (like 20/200) may not have them if visual needs are small.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Some people who fall into this category can use their residual vision to perform daily tasks without resorting to alternative methods.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The role of a vision specialist (optometrist or ophthalmologist) is to maximize the functional level of the patient's vision using optical or non-optical means.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

First of all, these are magnification with the help of telescopic systems for long-range vision and an optical or electron magnifier for close tasks.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

People with significantly reduced vision can benefit from training provided by a person trained in the use of technology.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Low vision rehabilitation specialists, some of whom are affiliated with an agency for the blind, can provide advice on brightness and contrast issues to maximize the remaining vision.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

These specialists also have access to non-visual aids and can instruct patients to use them.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

People who mostly use rehabilitation tools, live alone, and who have retained their mobility and activities are less suppressed, with the lowest risk of suicide and a high level of social integration.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Individuals with visual impairment and prognosis of possible blindness have a relatively higher risk of suicide and may therefore need support services.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

These observations protect the establishment and expansion of therapeutic and preventive programs to include patients with impending and ongoing severe visual impairment who cannot be classified as services for the blind.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Ophthalmologists should be aware of these potential consequences and team up with mental health professionals


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

in the treatment of these types of patients, in order to prevent the onset of depressive symptoms, avoid suicidal behavior, as well as improve the quality of life of these patients.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Such intervention should occur in the early stages of diagnosis, in particular, as many studies have shown, the rapid adoption of a serious visual handicap leads to a better, more Productive compliance with rehabilitation programs.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In addition, it was reported that psychological distress (and on the example of our psychological autopsy study) was at the highest level, with incomplete loss of vision, but the prognosis was unfavorable.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Thus, early intervention is necessary to ensure successful psychological adaptation.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The reasons


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Albinism: This is a congenital condition that can cause visual impairment, as well as a person's lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair and eyes.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In particular, the condition that characterizes most albino people with visual impairment or blindness is oculmonary albinism (OCA), which is formed when the tyrosinase gene (TYR) mutation, responsible for the production of protein melanin pigment.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[13] OCA characteristics include 1) photosensitivity or photophobia (translucence of the iris), 2) involuntary eye movements (nystagmus), 3) astigmatism, and 4) strong but often functional , decreased visual acuity.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Amblyopia: — a category of vision loss or visual impairment that is caused by factors not related to refractive errors or coexisting eye diseases [14] Amblyopia is a condition where The baby's visual system does not mature as usual because the baby either suffers from premature birth, measles, vitamin A deficiency, or meningitis.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[15] If not treated in childhood, amblyopia is currently incurable in adulthood, because the effectiveness of surgical treatment changes as you grow older.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[15] Therefore, amblyopia is the leading cause in the world of childhood vision loss in one eye.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[14] In the best, very rare case, correctly treated patients with amblyopia can regain visual acuity 20/40. [14]


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Cataract: This is a congenital and pediatric pathology that describes the graying or opacity of the lens, which is most often caused by intrauterine infections, metabolic disorders and genetically transmitted syndromes.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[16] Cataracts are the leading cause of childhood and adult blindness, the prevalence of which doubles every ten years after age 40.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[17] Therefore, cataracts are more common today in adults than in children.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[16] That is, people are more likely to develop cataracts as they age.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

However, cataracts tend to have a greater financial and emotional burden on children, as they must undergo expensive diagnosis, long-term rehabilitation and visual assistance.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[18] In addition, sometimes patients receive irreversible amblyopia [16] after pediatric cataract surgery because cataracts interfere with the normal maturation of vision before surgery.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[19] Despite great progress in treatment, cataracts remain a global problem in both economically developed and developing countries.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[20] Currently, given the different solutions and unequal access to cataract surgery, the best way to reduce the risk of developing cataracts is to avoid smoking and prolonged periods of time. exposure to sunlight (for example, UV-B rays).


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Corneal opacification


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Degenerative myopia


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Diabetic retinopathy: This is one of the manifestations of microvascular complications of diabetes that is characterized by blindness or reduced visual acuity.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

That is, diabetic retinopathy describes retinal and vitreous hemorrhages or blockage of retinal capillaries caused by increased levels of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, [22], which is measured by glucose or blood sugar levels.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[23] In fact, when A1C increases, people tend to be more at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy than other microvascular complications associated with diabetes (e.g. chronic hyperglycemia, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic nephropathy).


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[24] Although only 8% of adults 40 years of age and older with visual impairment are at risk of diabetic retinopathy (e.g. non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy or PDR), this ocular disease accounted for 17% of blindness cases in 2002.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Glaucoma: also known as uveitic ocular hypertension [26].


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

is a congenital childhood eye disease with increased intraocular pressure (IOP).


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[27] Glaucoma causes loss of visual fields as well as the death of the optic nerve.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[28] Early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma in patients is necessary because glaucoma is caused by nonspecific IOP levels.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[29] In addition, another problem with the accurate diagnosis of glaucoma is that the disease has four etiologies: 1) inflammatory ocular hypertension syndrome (IOHS); 2) severe closure of the uveitic angle; 3) caused by corticosteroids; and 4) a heterogeneous mechanism associated with structural changes and chronic inflammation.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[30] In addition, pediatric glaucoma is often very different in etiology and management from adult glaucoma.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[31] Currently, the best sign of childhood glaucoma is the presence of IOP in childhood 21 mmHg.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

art.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

or more.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[32] One of the most common causes of pediatric glaucoma is cataract surgery, which leads to an incidence of approximately 12.2% among infants and 58.7% among 10-year-olds.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[33] [34]


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Macular degeneration


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Retinitis pigmentosa


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Retinopathy of Prematurity: The most common cause of blindness in young children around the world.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In its most severe form, ROP causes detachment of the retina, with concomitant loss of vision.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Treatment is mainly aimed at prevention, with laser or therapy with Bevacizumab.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Stargardt Disease


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Trachoma


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Uveitis: is a group of 30 intraocular inflammatory diseases [35] caused by infections, systemic diseases, organ-specific autoimmune processes, cancer or trauma.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[36] Thus, uveitis belongs to the category of complex eye diseases that can lead to blindness if left untreated or misdiagnosed.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[37] Currently, the problem with accurate diagnosis of uveitis is that often the cause or etiology of a particular ocular inflammation is either unknown or multifaceted.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[35] Consequently, about 3-10% of uveitis victims in developed countries, and about 25% of victims in developing countries, become blind due to misdiagnosis and ineffective prescription of drugs.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[38] In addition, uveitis is a variety of eye diseases, which are classified as granulomatous (or tumor) or non-granulomatous, anterior, middle, posterior or panuveitis .


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[39] In other words, uveitic diseases can generally be classified according to their anatomical location in the eye (for example, the choroid, retina, or lens), as well as by the complications that can cause cataracts, glaucoma, retinal damage, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Diagnostics


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

It is very important that all people are examined by persons specializing in low vision problems in order to exclude potential medical or surgical correction of the problem and determine the necessary refraction for the purpose of normal glasses and optical devices.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Only a doctor is qualified enough to effectively assess the threat to the visual functioning of the visual system.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Treatments


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In addition to medical care, various sources provide information, rehabilitation, education, work and social inclusion.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Optical devices


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The vast majority of visually impaired patients can be helped to function at a higher level by using devices to compensate for visual impairment.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Visual impairment specialists can recommend appropriate devices for correcting visual impairment and advise patients on how to better manage their overall visual impairment.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Many public and private organizations exist to help visually impaired people.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In the article, Augusto Bruix Bayés [42] notes that the main principle of helping visually impaired people is to enlarge the image using various tools.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Improving farsightedness: when working with static objects


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Tv


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Theatre


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Movie


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Contemplation of the landscape


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Bus number recognition


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Improving myopia: a person can work closer to the object


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Reading


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Letter


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Crafts


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Increasing sensitivity to contrast: a person should use special filters


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Other tools:


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Book stand


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Special lights


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Checkered paper


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Magnification games


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Clocks, audio thermometers, special phones, etc.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Effectiveness of optical devices


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In a study conducted by this specialist per 1,000 patients, all subjects with decimal visual acuity above 0.02 (20/1,000 feet) significantly improved their vision.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Of this group, 48% were very satisfied with their visual aids, 44% were satisfied, 5% were almost satisfied and 3% were dissatisfied.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The process of adaptation to visual aids at the first visit of the patient includes the study of the most adequate options for a particular case, taking into account their psychological, cultural, social and labor factors and the degree of improvement in the experience with the chosen means, advice to the patient that helps improve the quality of life.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

After some adaptation, measures are in place to ensure the correct use of visual aids by the patient.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In some cases (approx. 4%), initial visual aids can be replaced.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

After the patient's visit is completed, a report on him and subsequent visits is given to the ophthalmologist or referring specialist.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Other tools


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

For the completely blind, there are books in Braille, audiobooks, text-to-speech computer programs, machines, and e-books.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Individuals with poor eyesight can use these tools, as well as a large reading font that allows e-books to be used.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Computers are important tools for integrating people with visual impairments.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

They allow, using standard or special programs, to enlarge objects on the screen and convert text to sound or touch control (braille line) and can be used for everyone visual handicap levels.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

OCR scanners can, in combination with text-to-speech software, read the contents of books and documents aloud using a computer.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Vendors also create a closed-loop television setup to electronically enlarge what is written on paper, and even change the contrast and color of the image for the visually impaired users.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

For more information, please contact experts in technical rehabilitation equipment.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In visually impaired adults, there is no argument that supports the superiority of one form of reading aid over another.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

43] In several studies, fixed closed-circuit television and manual closed-circuit television systems have provided faster reading than through optical devices.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[43] While electronic media can provide faster reading for visually impaired people, portability, ease of use and accessibility are also important for people.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Visually impaired children sometimes experience delays in reading, but may benefit from phonetic teaching methods.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The phonetic teaching aids involved are multisensory, motivating and manual.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Usually, students are first taught the most common sounds of letters in the alphabet, especially the so-called short vowels, then mixed together with three-letter words such as cats (English: cat) red, (English: red) sit, (English: sit) hot, (English: hot) sun (English: sun).


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Practical (or kinesthetically attractive) highly enlarged printed material, such as those in Lynn Gordon's “large collection of phonetic animated books” (English: Lynn Gordon) Scholastic, 2010) are useful for teaching word families and mixing skills to novice readers with visual impairment.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Initial reading training should be aimed primarily at lowercase letters, and not uppercase letters (although they are larger), since reading the text requires familiarity (mainly) with lowercase letters.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Initial phonetic reading should be complemented by phonemic awareness-raising classes, writing abilities, and reading aloud (children's daily reading literature) in order to Stimulate motivation, vocabulary development, concept development, and skills understanding.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Many visually impaired children can be successfully included in regular educational settings.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Parents may need to be vigilant to ensure that the school provides the teacher and students with an appropriate level of resources for visual impairment, such as appropriate technology in classroom, classroom assistance, modified teaching materials and advice from a low vision expert.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Communication


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Barriers


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Communication with impaired vision can be more difficult than for someone who does not have vision loss.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Be that as it may, many people feel uncomfortable when dealing with a blind person, and this can cause communication barriers.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

One of the biggest barriers to dealing with visually impaired people comes from face-to-face interaction.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[44] There are many factors that can lead to discomfort when communicating face to face.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

There are many non-verbal factors that hinder the connection between the visually impaired and the sighted, which hinder verbal factors more often.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

These factors that Rivka Bialistock [44] mentions in his article include:


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

No facial expressions, facial expressions, or body gestures are perceived as responses


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Wordless gestures that a visually impaired person does not show interest in


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Talk When Not Expected or Not Saying When Expected


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Fear of offending the visually impaired


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Staying too close, invading your personal level of comfort


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Exercise or ignore feelings of pity


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Being uncomfortable with sensitive objects or people


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

See connection or disconnection


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Addiction


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

A reminder of the fear of being blind


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

A blind person sends these signals or types of wordless communication without knowing that they are perceived that way.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

All of these factors can affect how a visually impaired person will feel in communication.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

This leaves the visually impaired with a sense of detachment and loneliness.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Relationship settlement


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

In the article “Towards better communication, from the point of view of interest. Or sight-glish skills for the blind and visually impaired”, author, Rivka Bialistock [44] offers a method to reduce the inconvenience of individuals in communicating with a visually impaired person.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

This method is called blind-glish or sight-glish [45], which is a language similar to English for the blind.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

For example, children who are not born able to speak right away can communicate with sight-glish, just seeing everything and talking without words.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

This is natural for sighted children, and by teaching this method to children with visual impairments, it is possible to improve their ability to communicate from the outset.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

To avoid the feeling of detachment of the visually impaired, people should treat the blind differently than they treat people with disabilities, paying special attention to them.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

People should understand that it is indecent, for example, to force their blind child to look at them when they talk.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

However, this is facilitated by the sight-glish method.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[44] It is important to take into account any mental fears and unpleasant feelings people have when communicating (verbally and without words) face to face.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Surrounding


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

People with visual disabilities should not only find ways to communicate effectively with people around them, but also with their environment.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The blind and visually impaired rely heavily on other senses, such as hearing, touch, and smell, to understand what surrounds them.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Sound


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Sound is one of the most important senses that blind and visually impaired people can use to find objects around them.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

A form of echolocation, similar to a dolphin or bat, can be used.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

[47] Echolocation from a human point of view — the possibility of using sound waves generated from speech or other sources, such as reed noise, that bounce off objects and hit the face, giving a general idea of the direction to the object.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

This does not mean that they can depict details based on sound, but only objects to interact with or avoid it.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

An increase in atmospheric pressure and humidity increases a person's ability to use sound to their advantage, while wind or noise in some form worsens it.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

Tapping


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

The sensory aspect is important in terms of how blind or visually impaired people perceive the world.


Question: Does watching TV in the dark deteriorate your eyesight?

Visual impairment

It provides a lot of information about the world around us.