Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In 1901, the couple married and celebrated the birth of their first child Frank the following year, and Samuel was born four years later.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

May was distinguished by a strong and powerful character, however, the couple successfully complemented each other, and their marriage can be generally called happy.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The future writer spent his childhood in Foxrock, in a spacious parents' home, which was adjacent to a one-acre plot.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett grew up as a sporty and restless boy, closer to his father than to a pedantic and powerful mother.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett received a strict Protestant education, first studying at home, then, starting at the age of 9, at Earlsforth School in Dublin.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The school was in good standing with wealthy Irish people, many of its teachers were graduates of the prestigious Trinity College.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

At school, Beckett gained fame as an excellent athlete and a capable student.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In 1920, at the age of 14, Beckett became a student at the private Royal Portor School in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

It is noteworthy that another outstanding writer and compatriot of Beckett, Oscar Wilde, previously studied at the same school.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In Portor (the school still exists today), Beckett discovered brilliant abilities in both the humanities and sports disciplines — rugby, cricket, swimming, golf and boxing.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

However, despite his success in studies and sports, as well as authority among peers, Beckett experiences communication problems, grows up a gloomy and introverted young man.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

University and Paris years (1923—1930)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Finally, in 1923, Beckett entered the famous Trinity College in Dublin, where he intensively studied English and modern European literature, French and Italian.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

At Trinity College, Beckett meets Thomas Rodmouse-Brown, professor of Romance Languages, who instills in the young man an interest in classical and modern European literature and drama (Beckett studies Ronsard, Petrarch, Racine and others intensively), and also encourages him in his first creative endeavors.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In addition, Beckett takes private Italian lessons and greedily studies Machiavelli, Giosue Carducci, D'Annunzio and, of course, Dante's Divine Comedy.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

During his university years, Beckett became a regular visitor to Dublin theaters — Irish drama of that time, through the works of Yates, O'Casey and Singh, is flourishing — cinemas, as well as art galleries.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In addition, Beckett is persistently and enthusiastically engaged in self-education, reads a lot, becomes a regular at the National Gallery of Ireland, imbued with a passion for fine arts and special interest in Old Masters, in particular Dutch painting of the 17th century.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's love for art history and deep knowledge of modern painting will carry through his entire creative biography.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's first truly serious love affair, albeit apparently non-reciprocal, dates back to university years, Etna McCarthy, later bred under the name of Alba in Dreams of Women, beautiful and so-so.”


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

During 1925—1926, Beckett traveled extensively, visiting France and Italy for the first time.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In 1927, Beckett took exams, received a bachelor's degree in linguistics (French and Italian) and, on the recommendation of his teacher, Professor Rodmouse-Brown, was appointed a teacher's position English and French at Campbell College in Belfast.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Pedagogical practice oppresses the future writer: Beckett finds it unbearably boring to explain elementary material, and after working two semesters, thanks to the teacher exchange program, he goes to Paris, to the most prestigious Ecole Normal Super, for the position of an English teacher.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

At the same time, Beckett's two-year romance with his cousin Peggy Sinclair begins.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Upon arrival in Paris, Beckett meets his predecessor in the exchange program with Ecole Super Thomas McGreevy, who is destined to become the writer's closest friend and confidant for the rest of his life.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

McGreevy introduces Beckett into artistic bohemian circles.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In Paris, Beckett meets such celebrities as Eugene Jolas (writer, father of the famous pianist and composer Betsy Jolas), Sylvia Beach (one of the most significant figures in literary Paris between the two world wars), Jack Butler Yates (the largest Irish national artist, the younger brother of the famous poet), among which stands apart the already recognized literary James Joyce genius.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Very little time passes and Beckett becomes a frequent guest in the house of the famous author of Ulysses.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The first literary experiments (1929—1933)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In 1929, in Paris, Beckett met his future wife Suzanne Dechevaux-Dumesnil (French: Suzanne Dechevaux-Dumesnil) (1900 — 17.06.1989), and also published in one of the magazines created at the instigation of Joyce's first literary experience — a critical essay “Dante... Bruno. Vico.. Joyce” and the first short story “Ascension” (English: Assumption).


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

It is in an essay about Joyce, commenting on the attacks on the later work of the famous compatriot, that Beckett formulates an important idea in the context of the young author's views on the essence of writing: “Here there is form content, content — form. You're complaining this thing isn't written in English. It's not written at all. It should not be read — or rather, it should not be read only. You need to see it and hear it. His writing is not about anything; it is something” [3].


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Around the same time, Beckett became close to James Joyce and became his literary secretary, in particular helping him work on his latest and most unusual and innovative a work that eventually became known as “Finnegan's Wake” (English: Finnegan's Wake).


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Joyce's family is also associated with an ambiguous episode of Beckett's biography, which caused a break, albeit temporary, with a famous compatriot.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Joyce's daughter, mentally unstable Lucia, is overly addicted to her father's young and attractive assistant.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett does not reciprocate Joyce's daughter suffering from schizophrenia, the result is Beckett's break with Joyce and Lucia will soon be placed in a psychiatric hospital, where she will spend the rest of her days.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In the fall of 1930, Beckett returned to Trinity College, where he continued his teaching career as an assistant to Prof. Rodmouse-Brown, teaching French and lecturing on Balzac, Stendhal, Flaubert, Gide, Bergson.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Lecturing and teaching are incredibly burdened by the introverted, almost pathologically shy Beckett - after working one academic year, Beckett, to the sharp displeasure of his mother and the disappointment of his father, leaves Trinity College and returns to Paris.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Around this time, the poem Bludoscope (English: Whorescope) was written, created in the form of a monologue on behalf of one of Beckett's favorite philosophers, René Descartes, the first published a separate book of the writer's work — and a critical essay “Proust” about the work of the French modernist Marcel Proust.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In the first half of 1932, while already living in Paris, Beckett worked on his first major prose, the novel “Dreams of Women, Beautiful and So-so” (English: Dream of Fair to Middling) Women), which started in Dublin a year earlier.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The book, written in a complex “baroque” language that is not characteristic of mature and, especially, late Beckett, demonstrating the sophisticated erudition of the young author, is dedicated to the verbose and confusing a description of the relationship between a young man named Belakva (namesake of one of the characters of Dante Purgatory) with three girls (the prototype of the first of them, Smeraldina-Rima, was cousin Peggy Sinclair, the second, Syra-Cuza, is the mad daughter of Joyce, Lucia, the third, Alba, is the love affair of the writer of university times, Etna McCarthy).


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The novel was quite “raw”, according to Beckett himself, “immature and fake”, although demonstrating the author's extensive encyclopedic erudition in matters of literature, philosophy and theology, the work was expected to be rejected by all publishers, and published, according to the will of the author himself, only posthumously in 1992.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Bad Times, Murphy, Final Emigration to France (1933-40)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

1933 is a difficult year for a novice and so far unlucky writer.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

First, Peggy Sinclair dies of tuberculosis, and Beckett's father passes away a few weeks later, plunging him into severe depression, interspersed with panic attacks.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The writer once again leaves Ireland and moves to live in London.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In England, Beckett, despite the fact that his father left him a certain amount of maintenance after his death, lives in financially cramped conditions and continues to suffer from depression, self-doubt and self-doubt the future.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In the hope of getting rid of serious psychological problems, Beckett resorts to sessions of psychoanalysis, which was rapidly developing at that time, enthusiastically reads the works of Freud, Adler, Rank and Jung.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The course of psychotherapy helps Beckett realize that creativity can be a good medicine for curing neuroses and complexes [4].


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In May 1934, Beckett finally managed to publish his first collection of short stories, united by the common hero Belakva we already know, “Barks More Than Bits” (translated as “More pokes than blows”) (. More Pricks Than Kicks), which, however, also did not have any significant success with either readers or critics.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In 1935, a small publishing house owned by one of the writer's friends published Beckett's poetry collection “Bones of Echo”.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

At the same time, work on the novel “Murphy” began.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Neither the writing career, nor the career of a literary critic and essayist in London is not set.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett is in the process of an anxious and mostly unsuccessful search for herself in her profession and life.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Thus, Beckett writes a letter to C. Eisenstein asking for admission to study at the State Institute of Cinematography (no answer was received), trying to get a teaching position at the University of Cape Town , along the way wrote the poem Cascando, traveled to Nazi Germany from October 1936 to April 1937, paying special attention to the richest art galleries in Hamburg, Berlin, Dresden and Munich .


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In mid-October 1937, the writer finally settled in Paris, which was destined to become his second home until his death.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

After settling in France, Beckett tries to attach Murphy, completed in June 1936, to a publishing house, and after 42 refusals [5], the novel is still published in March 1938.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

This work is the result of Beckett's great and hard work to hone his own literary style and narrative skills.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The work, which began during the writer's stay in London in 1934, is still strongly influenced by Joyce, but Beckett's voice is becoming more and more individual.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

At the center of the story is an unemployed Irishman living in London named Murphy and the story of his escape from the reality of the world around him.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Murphy professes a philosophy of minimal effort, a kind of not doing, which, in turn, determines the eccentric behavior of the hero - Murphy periodically wears belts to a rocking chair, putting themselves into a kind of trance and spending quite a long time in this state.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Feeling a deep mistrust, bordering on disgust, for any kind of physical or social activity, Murphy is extremely impractical and lives on the maintenance of his beloved Celia, who, being a prostitute, tries in vain to encourage Murphy to find a job and start a normal family life.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Balancing on the verge of parody when describing numerous oddities that are not quite normal from the point of view of the average hero, Beckett nevertheless does not aim to ridicule another of the endless series mediocre losers who cover up their laziness and inability to practical life with far-fetched eccentric theories.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett is both mocking and extremely serious about his character, whose ideological search is an attempt to resolve the contradiction between soul and body, the desire for peace and necessity activities, an attempt to find harmony with oneself, hermetically fenced off from the world, form the core of the writer's philosophical quest throughout his life.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Murphy's intellectual escape ends tragically, and the novel itself, written in departure from the usual fiction patterns, full of specific humor, literary and philosophical allusions, despite Joyce's praise, was received by critics very restrained and did not have any commercial success.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett, who is already suffering from depression, is going through another literary failure very hard.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett tries to find consolation in the arrangement of his personal life, converging with Suzanne Deshevo-Dumenil, as it turned out, for the rest of their lives (the couple will officially marry only in 1961).


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

At the same time, Beckett begins to translate Murphy into French and makes his first attempts to write poems in a language that is not his native language.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

World War II, Watt (1940—1945)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In June 1940, the Third Reich dealt a crushing blow to France, German troops entered Paris.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett, despite being a citizen of neutral Ireland, becomes a member of the Resistance.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Despite the fact that Beckett's participation in “The Resistance” was mainly limited to the performance of translation and courier functions, the danger to which the writer exposed himself was quite real, if not to say lethal.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Later, Beckett, with his usual modesty and self-irony, recalled that his struggle against Nazi Germany was like a Boy Scouts game.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In 1942, the Resistance cell, of which Samuel and Suzanne were a member, was exposed, its members were arrested, and the couple, fleeing the persecution of the Gestapo, was forced to flee to the unoccupied part France, to the small village of Roussillon in the province of Vaucluse in the south of the country.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Here Beckett lies to the bottom, pretending to be a French peasant and handyman, earning a living by day labor in the field, cutting firewood [6].


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

A dark life experience gained during several years spent in the south of France, in an atmosphere of relentless fear for one's own life, abandonment and isolation from the world engaged in difficult physical labor, formed the basis for Beckett's next prose, the third novel Watt, published only in 1953 and became a turning point in the writer's work.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

If Beckett's previous works still followed in the wake of fundamental literary canons, had, albeit vaguely structured, plot, characters endowed with a realistic biography, then” Watt” innovatively breaks with any such conventions.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

If Murphy can still be classified as a typical “urban madman”, crazy against the background of philosophizing and poverty of an “eternal student” or just a young intellectual who is in conflict with the world, Watt is a creature with a dark past, a poorly understood present and a completely vague future.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The plot of the novel, for all its schematic convention, is very simple: Watt goes to work at Mr. Nott's house, finds himself in the center of completely illogical and absurd events that he unsuccessfully tries to realize.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

All Watt's attempts to think, understand, or simply feel Mr. Knott, in which Watt loses his ability to think rationally and communicate, fail, and Watt, completely disoriented, leaves Mr. Knott's house, and Watt is replaced by another servant, Mick.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

According to a modern Russian researcher of the writer's work, D. IN. Tokarev, the role of the deity in the novel “is played by Mr. Knott, whose nature transcends the concepts inherent in the human mind. The deity is inaccessible to perception, inaccessible to the gaze of an external observer trying to attribute human qualities to him” [7].


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Thus, in Watt, Beckett raises a whole layer of questions of philosophy and theology, laying the foundation for his innovative creative method, which consists in abandoning the previous realistic traditions with its conventions and a set of standard techniques.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

At the end of the war, Beckett, awarded by the French government for his participation in the Resistance, served for some time at the Irish Red Cross Military Hospital in Saint Lo in Normandy, then returns with Suzanne to Paris.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Post-war success, trilogy, theater of the absurd (1946—1969)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

While living in Paris between 1946 and 1950. Beckett continues to work on prose: short novels, the novels Mercier and Camier, Mollah, Malon Dies and Nameless.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The last three works that make up the trilogy represent a separate milestone in Beckett's creative biography.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

It took several years to find a publisher for the trilogy.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

With the active participation of Beckett's wife, Suzanne, by the early 1950s, the publisher was found, and advanced critics paid close attention to the little-known author [8].


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

If at the beginning of his career Beckett gravitated towards the detailed and complicated intellectual and philosophical search inherited directly from Joyce, was passionate about language games and construction complicated literary allusions, then when working on Watt and the trilogy, Beckett is guided by a radically different poetics - the characters lose any individual features that characterize them, the realities and signs of the time and place of action become elusive, the action itself is reduced to nothing.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

These texts really revolutionized world literature: for example, Louis Aragon admitted that he did not understand how such prose is even possible [9].


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

However, it became possible, and, paradoxically, in a language that was not the author's native language.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In 1948, Beckett completed work on his most famous world-famous work, the absurdist play Waiting for Godot, which premiered in Paris at the very beginning January 1953 of the year.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Most of the works created by Beckett after the end of World War II were written by the author in French.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Thus, Beckett finally turns to French as the main language of literary creativity, thereby continuing the rare tradition of bilingualism in European literature, becoming on a par with Joseph Conrad, Franz Kafka and Vladimir Nabokov.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett later explained the transition to French by the need to develop a detached method of writing, devoid of a distinctive style.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

By the early 1950s, Beckett was finally successful.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Waiting for Godot is staged in the best theaters in Europe.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

From 1951 to 1953, a prose trilogy was published (the novels “Molloy”, “Malone Dies” and “Nameless”), which made Beckett one of the most famous and influential writers of the 20th century.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

These works, based on innovative approaches to prose tested during the work on Watt and have little to do with familiar literary forms, are written in French and later translated into English by the author himself.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Following the success of Waiting for Godot, Beckett continued to work as a playwright, receiving an order in 1956 to create a radio play from the BBC, called “All That Fall”.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Beckett created plays that laid the foundation for the so-called theater of the absurd — “Endgame” (1957), “Krapp's Last Tape” (1958) and” Happy Days” /"Happy Days” (1961).


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

These works, which almost immediately became international theatrical classics, close in theme to the philosophy of existentialism, touch on the themes of despair and the will to live in the face of an indifferent person and unknowable world.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In 1964, Beckett's only film script was used to shoot a short black and white film, The Film, dedicated to the problem of the perceived object and the perceiving subject.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett continues to work in the field of drama and, despite the fact that his works are deeply imbued with the themes of aging, loneliness, suffering and death, achieves more than just local success in the environment intellectual bohemia of Paris and London, but is gaining worldwide fame and recognition, the pinnacle of which was the award of the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1969.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In its decision, the Nobel Committee noted [10]:


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Beckett was awarded the prize for innovative works in prose and drama, in which the tragedy of modern man becomes his triumph.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's deep pessimism contains a love for humanity that only increases as he deepens into the abyss of abomination and despair, and when despair seems unlimited, it turns out that compassion has no limits.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett, who did not tolerate the close attention to himself accompanying literary fame, agreed to accept the Award only on condition that it was received by the French publisher and, according to part-time, Beckett's longtime friend, Jerome Lendon, which was done.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Later creativity and recent years (1970—1989)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

By the late 1960s and early 1970s, Beckett's work was increasingly drifting towards minimalism and compactness.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

A vivid example of this evolution is the play Breath (1969), which lasts only 35 seconds and does not have a single actor.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

During the production of “Not I” (1972), the viewer has the opportunity to see only the brightly lit mouth of the narrator, while the rest of the scene is completely covered in darkness.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Despite the fact that Beckett's works focus on the individual “existential” experience of an individual, private and socially marginal person, there is also room for manifestation in the author's work civic position.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

An example is the play Catastrophe (1982), dedicated to Vaclav Havel, a Czech playwright, a good friend of Beckett and later the first president of the post-communist Czech Republic, which focuses on the subject of tyranny.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The late period of Beckett's work was marked by long pauses, the continuation of experiments with poetry and prose interrupted by dramatic works.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In the first half of the 1980s, Beckett created a series of short stories “The Company” (1980), “Ill Seen Ill Said” (1982) and “Worstward Ho” (1984), in which the writer continues his dialogue with memory, voices from the past.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In recent years, Beckett led an extremely closed lifestyle, avoiding giving any comments about his work.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Beckett died in Paris on December 22, 1989 at the age of 83, a few months after the death of his wife Suzanne.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Facts


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett showed a strong interest in chess all his life.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The passion for this game probably passed on to Beckett from his uncle Howard, who managed to beat reigning world chess champion Raul Capablanca during a simultaneous game with Dublin amateurs.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett was attractive to women: for example, one of the richest brides of her time, Peggy Guggenheim, the heiress of a multimillion-dollar fortune, had a strong romantic interest in the writer.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's favorite book was Dante's Divine Comedy, and the writer could talk about it or quote huge chunks of it for hours.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

On the writer's deathbed, in 1989, found a poem from the publication of Beckett's student times.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Despite a generally negative attitude towards Irish nationalism, a strong rejection of the certification of himself as an Irish writer, and Beckett spent most of his life in exile, the writer retained citizenship of the Republic of Ireland until the end of his life.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Heritage


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett, who gained great fame during his lifetime, is deservedly one of the classics of Western European literature of the 20th century.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The writer's work, which is distinguished by its innovative approach and deep philosophical content, occupies an honorable place in the pantheon of English-language and world literature along with its outstanding predecessors Joyce, Proust and Kafka.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's work represents the most consistent attack on the realistic literary tradition.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett, in fact, reinvented both literature and theater, clearing them of the dictates of conventions, focusing on the most universally formulated problems of individual existence, search its meaning, its loneliness and its death.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

As noted by Russian literary critic Alexander Genis, “Beckett's hero is a person who is unstable on his feet. This is understandable. The earth pulls it down, the sky up. Stretched between them like on a rack, he can't get up from the carats. The ordinary fate of everyone and everyone. After all, Beckett was interested in exclusively universal categories of being, equally describing any intelligent individual” [11].


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's influence on contemporary art is enormous.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

At various times, famous playwrights such as Vaclav Havel, John Banville, Aidan Higgins, Tom Stoppard and Harold Pinter have publicly recognized Beckett's authority.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Representatives of the beatnik generation, as well as authors such as Thomas Kinsella and Derek Mahon, owe much to the work of the Irish writer.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Many major composers, including Morton Feldman, Heinz Holliger, Pascal Dusapin, created works based on Beckett's texts.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

In Ireland, where the writer's memory is honored no less zealously than the memory of Joyce, festivals dedicated to Beckett's creative heritage are regularly held.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

On December 10, 2009, in Dublin, with the participation of another Nobel laureate in literature from Ireland, the famous poet Seamas Heaney, the opening ceremony of the new bridge over Liffey took place, named after the writer.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

A naval vessel of the Republic of Ireland is named after him [12].


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Main works (with publication time)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Prose


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Dreams of Women, Beautiful and So-so-so /Dream of Fair to Middling Women (1932) [13]


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Barks More than Bits/More prices than kicks (1992) (stories)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Murphy/Murphy (1938)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Molloy/Molloy (1951)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Malone dies/Malone meurt (1951)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Watt/ Watt (1953)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Nameless (novel) /L'Innomable (1953)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

As it is/Comment c'est (1961)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The Ravager/Le Depeupler (1971)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Mercier & Camier/Mercier et Camier (1974)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Sobesedorny/Company (1979)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Plays


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Waiting for Godot/En attendant Godot (1952, Russian translation 1966)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Action without words 1/Act Without Words I (1956)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Action Without Words 2/Act Without Words II (1956)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The End of the Game/Fin de partie (1957) [14]


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Crapp's Last Tape (1958)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Theatrical Shard 1/Rough for Theatre I (late 1950s)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Theatrical Shard 2/Rough for Theatre II (late 1950s)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Happy Days/Happy Days (1960)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Game/Play (1963)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Come and Go/Come and Go (1965)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Breath/Breath (1969)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Not Me/Not I (1972)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

That Time (1975)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Footfalls (1975)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

A Piece of Monologue (1980)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Rockaby (1981)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Ohio Impromptu Style/Ohio Impromptu (1981)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Catastrophe/Catastrophe (1982)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

What/What Where (1983)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Eleftheria/Eleutheria (1947, published in 1995)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Poems


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Poems (different years)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Scripts


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Film/Film (1963; shot in 1964)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Russian-language editions


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

An exile.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Izvestia Publ., 1989.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Library of the magazine “Foreign Literature”.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The trilogy.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow: Chernyshev Publishing House, 1994.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 5-85555-028-1


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Waiting for Godot.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

MOSCOW, GITIS PUBL., 1998.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Open Space.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 5-7196-0218-6


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Theater.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

SPb.: Azbuka Publ., 1999.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Collection.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 5-7684-0579-8


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Murphy.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Kiev: Nika-Center Publ., 1999.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: 700.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 966-521-135-8


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Barks more than bites.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Kiev: Nika-Center Publ., 1999.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: 700.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 966-521-110-2


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Molloy.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Malone is dying.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

SPb.: Amphora, 2000.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: New collection.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 5-8301-0080-0


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Worthless texts.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

SPb.: Nauka, 2001.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 5-02-028514-5


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Murphy.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Text Publ., 2002.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Kvadrat.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 5-7516-0306-0


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Watt.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Eksmo Publ., 2004.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Ward No. 6.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 5-699-07308-6


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Dreams of women, beautiful and so-so.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Text Publ., 2006.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Kvadrat.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 5-7516-0534-9


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Murphy.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Text Publ., 2006.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Kvadrat.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 5-7516-0596-9


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Molloy.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Text Publ., 2008.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: The best books of XX years.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 978-5-7516-0674-9


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Shards.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Text Publ., 2009.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Collection.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 978-5-7516-0717-3


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Waiting for Godot.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Text Publ., 2009.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Classics.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 978-5-7516-0715-9


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Poems.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Text Publ., 2010.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 978-5-7516-0861-3


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Dreams of women, beautiful and so-so.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Text Publ., 2010.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Kvadrat.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 978-5-7516-0896-5


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

No further /trans. from English.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Valery Molot.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Blurb.com, 2010.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

104 p. (Collection of prose works: “The Company”, “Bad Seen Poorly Told”, “Towards the Worst”)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

As is/trans. from English.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Valery Molot.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Blurb.com, 2011.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

208 p.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

About all the falling people.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Moscow, Text Publ., 2012.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Series: Classics.


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

ISBN 978-5-7516-1028-9


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett and music


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Barrett, Richard/Barrett, Richard (1959)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Nothing else for viola (1987—2005)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“I open and close” for string quartet (1983—1988)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Another Heavenly Day” for Instruments and Electronics (1990) based on Beckett's plays


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Berio, Luciano/Berio, Luciano (1925—2003)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Sinfonia for 8 voices and orchestra (1968) based on the play “Nameless” /"Unnamable” (1953)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Glass, Philipp/Glass, Philip (1937)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Music for the play “The Game” /"Play” (1965) based on the play of the same name (1963)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Quartet N2 (1984), based on Beckett's story “The Interlocutor” /"Company” (1979)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

The ballet “Beckett short” (2007) based on Beckett's plays


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Gervasoni, Stefano/Gervasoni, Stefano (1962)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Two French poems by Beckett” /"Due poesie francesi di Beckett” for voice, bass flute, viola and drums (1995)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Pas si” for accordion and 2 voices (1998) to Beckett's lyrics


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Karayev Faradzh (1943)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Waiting for Godot for four soloists and chamber orchestra (1986) based on the play of the same name (1952)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Kurtag, Gyorgy/Kurtág, György (1926)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Samuel Beckett: What is the Word” /"Samuel Beckett: what is the word” op.30b to Beckett's texts for speech viola, voices and chamber ensemble (1991)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“... pas à pas — nulle part...” op.36 on Beckett's texts for baritone, string trio and percussion (1997)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Rand, Bernard/Rand, Bernard (1934)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Memo 2" for solo trombone (1973) according to the structure of the play “Not Me” /"Not I” (1972)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Memo 2B” version for trombone and female pantomime (1980)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Memo 2D” version for trombone, string quartet and female pantomime (1980)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“... between voices...”/“... among the voices...” by Beckett for choir and harp (1988)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Turnage, Mark Antony/Turnage, Mark-Anthony (1960)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Five Views of a Mouth” concert for flute and orchestra (2007) based on Beckett's play Not I (1972)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Your Lullaby” /"Your Rockbaby” for saxophone and orchestra (1993) using “rhythmic” elements from the Lullaby/Rockbaby (1981)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Feldman, Morton/Feldman, Morton (1926—1987)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“antiopera” “Ni...” /"Neither” based on Beckett's libretto (1977)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

music for the American version of Beckett's radio play “Words and Music” for two readers, two flutes, vibraphone, piano and string trio (1987)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Beckett for orchestra (1987);


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

the unrealized idea of music for Beckett's radio play “Cascando” (1961)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Finnissi, Michael/Finnissy, Michael (1946)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“Enough” /"Enough” for piano (2001) based on the text of the same name (1966)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Haubenstock-Ramati, Roman/Haubenstock-Ramati, Roman (1919-1994)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

“anti-opera” in one act “The Game” “Spiel” (1968) based on the play of the same name (1963)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Holliger, Heinz/Holliger, Heinz (1939)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Come and Go opera for 9 voices and 9 instruments (1976) based on the play of the same name (1965)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Not Me/"Not I” for soprano and film (1980) based on the play of the same name (1972)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

opera What Where (1988) based on the play of the same name (1983)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Scheduled to be staged (according to information for December 2011)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Kurtag, Gyorgy/Kurtág, György (1926)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

opera based on the play “The End of the Game” /"Fin de partie” (1957) — Salzburg Festival, scheduled to premiere in 2013


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Boulez, Pierre/Boulez, Pierre (1925)


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

opera based on the play “Waiting for Godot” /"En attendant Godot” (1952) — Alla Scala, Milan, scheduled for premiere in 2015


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Notes


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

References


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

on IMDb


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Selected bibliography


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Category: 20th-century English writers


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Category: 20th-century French writers


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Category:Multilingual writers


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Category:Nobel Prize Winners in Literature


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Category:French playwrights


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Category:Members of the French Resistance


Question: What is the title of Samuel Barkley Beckett's most famous play?

Samuel Beckett

Category:Trinity College Dublin alumni


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinchi [1] is a class of invertebrates from the Scalidophora group (some researchers consider it as an independent type).


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinchs live in the surface layer of muddy soil or between grains of sand in seas around the world.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

A distinctive anatomical feature of kinorinh is metamerism in the structure of the cuticle, muscles, epidermal glands and nervous system.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The body is divided into 13 segments, the first of which is the trunk (introvert).


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They have no limbs and move due to the retraction of the trunk.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

As part of the trunk, two sub-divisions are distinguished: the oral cone and the central part.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In kinorinh, the oral cone extends, and does not turn out, like in priapulids.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinhi is divided, sexual dimorphism is well expressed.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The details of the embryonic development of kinorinh are unknown.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The hatched worms are similar to adults and immediately begin to feed.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The first members of the group were described in 1841.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Currently, the Kinorinh class is divided into two groups: Cyclorhagida and Homalorhagida.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

As of 2015, about 220 species of kinorinh are known, and the number of species described is constantly growing [2].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In 2016, the mitochondrial genome of two kinorinh species, Echinoderes svetlanae and Pycnophyes kielensis, was sequenced.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Anatomy and physiology


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

General plan


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinchi are vermiform bilaterally symmetrical animals with a length of 100 microns to 1.03 mm [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The smallest representative, Cephalorhyncha liticola, reaches 127 to 210 microns in length, and the largest, Pycnophyes greenlandicus, can reach 1,035 mm [4].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The body is divided into two sections: the trunk (introvert) and the trunk.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The body in cross section can be rounded, oval, triangular [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

With the help of special muscles, the trunk can be drawn into the trunk.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The trunk is turned out due to the pressure created when the trunk is compressed in the dorsal and abdominal direction.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The body consists of a total of 13 segments.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The first segment is considered to be the trunk, the second is the cervical region, which is a series of plates covering the trunk that is drawn into the body.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The shape and number of cervical records are important features used in the kinorinh classification.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The body itself is metamerically divided into 11 segments (zonites), each of which is formed by one or more cuticle plates [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

As part of the trunk, two sub-divisions are distinguished: the oral cone and the central part.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The mouth cone is a truncated cone with a mouth opening at the top, surrounded by 9 stylets that are involved in collecting food.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In kinorinh, the oral cone extends, and does not turn out, like in priapulids [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The thin and flexible cuticle forms longitudinal folds in the cone area.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The surface of the central part carries concentric circles of scalids - spiked cuticular formations.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Each circle may include a different number of appendages.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Scalids, as a rule, consist of two segments [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Each segment carries its own cuticle plates (placids).


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Although outwardly the segments seem the same, metamerism is not traced in the internal structure of kinorinh.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The number and shape of segment plates are actively used as systematic features.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

As a rule, one trunk segment carries three plates: one dorsal (tergite) and two abdominal (stubble).


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The cuticular plates on the second or third segment form a closure apparatus when the introvert is fully screwed in [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Spikes and other appendages are located on the trunk.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They are cuticular formations in which processes of hypodermis cells and neurons can enter.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Spikes are involved in the locomotion of animals and function as sensory organs [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh movement is carried out by turning the introvert, anchoring in the substrate with scalids and then tightening the body [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Veil


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh's body is covered with a dense cuticular shell, which is underlaid by a single-layer hypodermis.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The kinorinh cuticle consists of chitin [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Locomotor muscles are attached to the cuticle, moreover, it determines the location of all internal organs.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In addition, the cuticle has a protective role.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

As mentioned above, in a typical case, each segment is covered with one dorsal and two abdominal plates.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The dorsal and abdominal plates of each segment are connected by flexible fibrous ligaments known as pleural plates.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The abdominal plates are connected by means of a fibrous suture with a well-developed crest.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

As a rule, the most powerful cuticular covers have the first tergite.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Some primitive forms, such as Zelinkaderes floridensis, have the same cuticle thickness over the entire body surface [7].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Microscopic spines and hairs directed backwards are located on the surface of the cuticle.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are also thin papillomas on the cuticle, collected in so-called floskules and “sensitive spots”.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In addition, on the surface of the cuticle there are sensitive bristles and pores that open the hypodermal glands outward [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Attachment tubes may be present in the fourth zone (often only in males) [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

On top of the cuticle is a thin three-layer membrane of 7—10 nm thick.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Under it is a homogeneous layer with a thickness of 1 to 2.5 microns.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

At a distance of 10—20 nm from the homogeneous layer, the hypodermis lies.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In some cases, the gap between the homogeneous layer and the hypodermis reaches 0.5 microns and is filled with a loose fine-fibrous material, which is the innermost, third layer of the cuticle.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In places of muscle attachment, the homogeneous layer and the hypodermis are in direct contact.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The cuticle plates are permeated with numerous branching channels, which are especially numerous at the places where the muscles attach to the cuticle.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The channels are filled with fine-fiber material, which also forms the third layer of the cuticle [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In the area of pleural plates, the cuticle consists of an outer osmophilic membrane, a dense homogeneous layer 0.5 microns thick, 5-6 layers of thick fibrils and a thin fiber inner layer with a thickness of 0.2—0.3 microns.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The smallest longitudinal ridges are visible on its surface.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The fibrils of adjacent layers lie perpendicular to each other [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The anterior edges of all plates, as well as the edges of the stubble facing the abdominal suture, have characteristic thickenings, which are cuticular outgrowths directed inside the body - pachycycles.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Well-developed longitudinal muscles are attached to them [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The cuticle that covers the trunk is noticeably thinner and more flexible than the trunk cuticle.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Under the outer membrane there is a dense layer 0.4—0.6 microns thick, under which lies a layer of fine-fibrous material 1-3 microns thick [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The growth of the kinorinh body is accompanied by the loss of the old cuticle during molting.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

When molting, vesicles originating from the endoplasmic reticulum accumulate in the cells of the outer layer of the hypodermis.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

When the dense homogeneous cuticle layer moves away from the hypodermis, the contents of the vesicles, which are the material of the new cuticle, pour out.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

As with insect molting, partial lysis of the old cuticle occurs, which forms exuvium.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinha rips it open with scalids and special dorsal teeth and goes out.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

After that, the new cuticle straightens and becomes stiff [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In many kinorinh, the cuticle is extremely hydrophobic.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

This feature is used to extract kinorinh from the substrate, in which soil samples are shaken violently and kinorinhi adhere to air bubbles, rising with them to the surface of the water [7].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The hypodermis is a single-layer submerged epithelium.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Hypodermis cells are connected to the cuticle through semi-desmosomes.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The apical areas of neighboring hypodermal cells are connected by desmosomes, and in other places their membranes are removed at a distance of 15-20 nm; the gap between them is filled with a special dark material.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The outgrowths of one cell can enter the recesses of another, forming a kind of lock.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Septic contacts are also detected in the hypodermis.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In the hypodermis there are metamerically located mucous glands that open on the cuticle with special holes and release a layer of mucus on its surface [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

From the side of the body cavity, the hypodermis is underlaid by a small-granular extracellular matrix 20 nm thick, which, in fact, is a basement membrane [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Hypodermis cells are very physiologically active.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They have large oval nuclei, granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are well developed in their cytoplasm.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They also contain well-defined lamellar structures, often globulated, lipoid inclusions, secretory granules and vesicles of different sizes with homogeneous contents.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In the intervals between the hypodermal ridges, hypodermis cells are poor in organelles.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In places where the muscles are attached to the cuticle, the hypodermis is crossed by powerful bundles [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Musculature


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinhi have peculiar striated muscles.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Sarcomers are separated by rows of so-called Z-bodies, which are spindle-shaped electron-dense structures.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Actin filaments with a diameter of 7 nm are attached to them.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Thick (25 nm) myosin fibers can move into the space between the Z-bodies and even enter the adjacent sarcomere.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Due to this feature, the kinorinh musculature is capable of over-contraction (that is, a reduction of more than 50%).


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Z-bodies can be chaotic or zigzag, and the boundaries of sarcomers are often strongly curved.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh myocytes clearly express a contractible and electron-light sarcoplasmic part poor in organelles [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Skeletal muscles are attached to the cuticle through thin layers of the hypodermis.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Thus, there are two rows of desmosomal plates at the attachment site: between the muscle and hypodermal cells and between the hypodermal cell and the cuticle.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Like the cuticle, kinorinh muscles are characterized by metamerism [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh skeletal muscles are represented by longitudinal, dorsoventral and diagonal muscles.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The longitudinal muscles are represented by two pairs of longitudinal muscle bands: ventro- and dorsolateral.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In some representatives, such as Zelinkaderes floridensis, longitudinal muscles are distributed evenly around the perimeter of the trunk, while others, such as Echinoderes, Pycnophyes and Kinorhynchus, have them collected in strands [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The dorsal cords are much weaker than the abdominal cords, because animals bend more often and more strongly to the abdominal side.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Each band consists of separate longitudinal muscles attached to pachycles.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The muscles practically do not enter the last segment, as they are attached to the thickening of the cuticle near the gonopor on the penultimate segment.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

When the body is shortened due to the synchronous contraction of the longitudinal muscles, individual segments can overlap each other.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Each segment has two dorsoventral muscles that connect tergite and stubble.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinhi have a large number of protractor muscles and retractors that ensure the introvert's inversion and screwing in.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The ring muscles in the body wall are poorly developed.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are separate ring muscles in the introvert.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In terms of the set of muscle elements, priapulids, loricifers and hairs are closest to kinorinchs [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Nervous system


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The kinorinh nervous system is adjacent to the hypodermis, so the basement membrane underlying the hypodermis simultaneously separates the nervous system from the body cavity.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The central nervous system is made up of the parapharyngeal nerve ring (ring brain) and the double abdominal nerve trunk.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The brain is broad, collared and consists of three rings [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The front edge of the brain consists of 10 clusters of bipolar neurons that innervate the senses of the front end of the body.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The back of the brain is also made up of neuron bodies that may or may not be collected in the ganglia.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Eight longitudinal nerves emerge from the hindbrain, which innervate the neck and trunk [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Zelinkaderes floridensis has 12 longitudinal nerves from the hindbrain, and Pycnophyes dentatus has 7 [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The gap between the front and back of the brain is occupied by neuropil.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are few neurons in its middle part.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Nerve tissue takes up a significant share of the introvert's volume, and the retractor muscles pass right through the neuropil.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The nerve trunk has a metameric structure corresponding to external metamerism [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The peripheral nervous system of kinorinh includes lateral, dorso- and ventrolateral nerves connected by ring commissures, as well as sensitive cells that innervate somatic organs feelings.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The combination of elements of the peripheral nervous system that repeats in each segment is called neurosonite [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The musculature in kinorinh is innervated by the abdominal nerve trunk, as well as the dorso- and ventrolateral nerves.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

It is noteworthy that the processes of muscle cells enter the nerve tissue directly.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The oral cone is innervated by 10 nerves that come out of the back of the brain.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

A key element of the nervous system related to the digestive system is the dentigastric nerve ring.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Strictly speaking, most often it is open and has, rather, a horseshoe shape [8].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

It takes the descending nerves of the oral cone and gives rise to the pharyngeal nerves.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are sensitive cells in the pharyngeal epithelium, and nerve cells are numerous in the lining of the esophagus [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are no neurons innervating the ring and longitudinal muscles of the midintestine, so they may contract autonomously.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

It is also possible that their contractions are stimulated by sensory-motor cells of the intestinal epithelium [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In general, the kinorinh nervous system structure plan is similar to that of priapulids, loricifer and hairs [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Sensory organs


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There is no kinorinh in the covers because of the dense cuticle.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The dendritic processes of sensory neurons are associated with special sensory organs: floskules, sensitive spots, bristles, glandular tubes, spines, scalids and other appendages.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They function as chemo- and mechanoreceptors [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh sensory neurons are bipolar neurons whose bodies lie in the hypodermis near the corresponding sensory organs.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Flosculi are cuticular outgrowths, in the center of which is a concave disc with a pore surrounded by papillomas.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The location of sensitive spots on the kinorinh body is species-specific [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There may be glands at the base of the bristles, and there is often a hole at the top of the bristle through which the dendritic processes communicate with the external environment.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The main complex sensory organ is an introvert in an inverted state.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are special pharyngeal stilettos in the pharynx, which include dendritic processes; they seem to function as chemo- and mechanoreceptors.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

At the posterior end of the body of kinorinh males, there are copulatory spines that not only perform auxiliary functions during mating, but are also sensory organs.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Each copulatory spike contains a dendritic process and a glandular cell growth.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Many kinorinkhs have paired eyes on an introvert.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They look like orange cups around the lenticular thickening of the cuticle.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Often, kinorinchi, devoid of eyes, still have photosensitivity [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Digestive system


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The kinorinh digestive system includes a cuticle-lined anterior intestine, a middle intestine formed by cells with an apical brush border, and a cuticularized hindgut.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Throughout its entire length, the digestive tube retains its cellular structure [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

No salivary and digestive glands were found [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The mouth opening is at the end of the body and is surrounded by cuticular lips.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

It opens into a cuticle-lined buccal tube that has numerous cuticle folds that are supposed to act as a filter.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

It also contains 3 or 4 circles of stilettos.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The buccal tube is followed by a sucking pharynx, the front end of which can carry a cuticle ring (pharyngeal crown).


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

To enhance the sucking effect, the pharynx can be partially pushed outward by special protractors, while the head moves closer to the trunk [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are 10 glandular cells with one cilia around the anterior end of the pharynx, their bodies lie between the pharynx and the dentigastric nerve ring, and the apical ends open around the perimeter of the pharyngeal crowns.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The pharynx has an inner epithelial and outer muscle layer, on top of which there is a layer of extracellular matrix (basal lamina).


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The muscular and epithelial layers of the pharynx are separated by the same plate.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In the pharyngeal epithelium, in addition to epithelial cells, there are glandular, sensory and nerve cells.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The pharyngeal musculature is represented by radial and ring muscle cells.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The pharynx (as probably all kinorinh organs) has a constant cellular composition.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The pharynx is followed by an esophagus, short, lined with a cuticle, which includes epithelial and nerve cells.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The epithelium of the middle intestine is represented by highly prismatic cells with a well-defined brush border.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In addition, it contains individual glandular cells with large zymogen granules and a powerfully developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, as well as monociliary sensitive cells.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The hindgut is formed by a flattened epithelium and lined with a cuticle, which gradually thickens posteriorly, reaching the thickness of the outer cuticle in the back.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are a lot of mitochondria in the cells of the posterior intestine, which suggests that they have the function of regulating the ion balance [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The posterior intestine opens outward with the anus at the end of the 13th zonite [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Body cavity


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The body cavity kinorinh (hemocel) is reduced, represented by slit-like spaces between organs and filled with fluid.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

It is devoid of a specialized cell lining.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The cavity fluid contains flakes of an amorphous electron-dense substance, which may be.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

It also contains numerous irregularly shaped electron-dense granules and vacuoles with dark loose contents [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Amoebocytes can even occupy a large part of the hemocel volume.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Their function is unknown [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Excretory system


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The kinorinh excretory system is represented by a pair of protonephridia that lie along the intestine next to the dorsoventral muscle of the tenth segment.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Each protonephridia consists of three two-flagellate terminal cells that lie in the hemocele, a long tubular cell, and a nephridiopore cell.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In Pycnophyes kielensis, protonephridia includes 22 biflagellate terminal cells, two biflagellate tubular cells, and a nephridiopore cell.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

P. greenlandicus has 11 terminal cells and 2 tubular cells [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The protonephridia ducts open on the lateral surface of the 11th segment.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The number of output channels and the number of pores can vary from 6 to several tens [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Unlike priapulids and loricifer, kinorinh's excretory and reproductive systems are independent of each other [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Sexual system


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Asexual reproduction in kinorinh has never been observed [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinhi is divided, sexual dimorphism is well expressed.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In females, gonads are located on the side of the intestine in the body cavity and stretch from the 5th to the beginning of the 13th zonite.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In the very center of the gonad (ovary) is a large mature oocyte with numerous yolk granules, while other small oocytes act as nourishing cells.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In the penultimate segment, a short oviduct leaves the ovary, the enlarged anterior part of which forms a funnel like a funnel.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Next to the oviduct are large hypodermal glands, and directly above it in each gonad is a sac-shaped gland.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are various glandular sensitive organs next to the gonopor.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinchi are not very fertile: only 4 or 5 oocytes reach maturity in each ovary.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Low fertility is characteristic of the inhabitants of meiobenthos, which include kinorinchi.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Fertilization seems to occur near the vas deferens duct.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The glands associated with the oviduct form a dense shell of the egg before laying it in the ground [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The sac-shaped testes are located on the side of the intestine, starting from the border of the 5th and 6th segments, and stretch to the gonopores at the border of the last two segments.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Spermatogonias lie in the anterior part of the testis, followed by spermatocytes and spermatids of the posterior stages, and densely packed spermatozoa are visible in the posterior half.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh spermatozoa have a slightly modified structure.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They are spindle-shaped cells, the length of which is more than 10% of the length of an adult animal.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The central part of the sperm is occupied by a very long and thin nucleus.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There is no typical acrosome.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh spermatozoa are capable of worm-like movements due to the bending of the cell.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The posterior broad part of the testis in the 12th segment narrows sharply into a thin seed tube, which opens with a gonopor at the end of a long papilloma formed by a flexible cuticular ligament between the stubble of the 12th and Segments 13.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

A thick corolla of hollow cuticle bristles is usually located around the gonopore.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are copulatory spikes next to the gonopor.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They are sensitive and serve to tightly fix the spermatophore on the posterior segments and maintain it during copulation.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

During copulation, the spermatophore is attached near the female's gonopore [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In some species, when copulating, two individuals interlock with the hind ends of the body [7].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Development


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The details of the embryonic development of kinorinh are unknown.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Females lay fertilized eggs one at a time in the same substrate where adult animals live.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The female attaches them to the soil particles due to the adhesive membrane.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The eggs are rich in yolk.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

A worm-like larva forms in the egg, which folds around the circumference of the egg.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In structure, it is very close to the larva of hairs.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

As the larva matures, the egg shell becomes thinner.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

When hatched, the larva straightens and emerges from the egg using the introvert thorns.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The hatched worms are similar to adults and immediately begin to feed.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

, like adults, consist of 13 segments, but differ from adults by larger introverts and pharynx, and all their appendages are still very soft and non-sclerotic [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

During growth, young animals shed periodically, but after reaching adulthood, molting stops [6] (however, Z. floridensis and Antygomonas oreas have molted in adulthood [3]).


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are a total of 6 juvenile stages, and with each molt, the number of body sensiillas and head scalids increases [7].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Distribution and ecology


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinchi are exceptionally free-living [3] marine meiobenthic animals that are distributed around the world.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They can be found in the meiofauna of sandy beaches, silted sands, soft silts rich in organic matter.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They usually inhabit the first 3 cm of soil.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

A key factor limiting the depth at which kinorinchs can live is the availability of oxygen.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh was found from the littoral zone to the abyssal — to a depth of 5,300 m [3] [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh populations can range from 45 individuals per 10 cm2, as in stagnant Antarctic waters, to 1—10 individuals per 10 cm2 in deep waters [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinchi are sometimes found on the surface of algae and other invertebrates, such as polychaete worms, bryozoans, sponges and mollusks [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

There are no freshwater and terrestrial forms among kinorinh [7].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They are very sensitive to water pollution [9].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinchi are often found in biotopes together with copepods, nematodes, slow-walkers, turbellaria, ciliates.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

As a rule, females and males are equally divided in populations.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The least number of juveniles can be found in winter, and the largest proportion of sexually mature individuals in temperate latitudes is observed in late winter — early spring.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In the tropics, kinorinh breeding takes place all year round [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh covers secrete mucus that glues the substrate particles, and often animals themselves stick to grains of sand.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinchi feed on diatoms, small particles of organic detritus, or both.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Some species filter bacteria using a buccal tube filter [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Predatory forms are unknown.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Meals are provided only when the introvert is turned [7].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Whether someone feeds on kinorinchs is not known for certain [5] [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In kinorinh, for the first time, endosymbionts were found in the intestinal epithelium.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Bacterial cells are localized in the cytoplasm of only certain intestinal cells ().


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Bacteriocytes are located in the central part of the middle intestine among common high-prismatic epithelial cells.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Each bacteriocyte can contain more than a hundred bacterial cells.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Some scientists claim that bacteria in the kinorinh intestine are chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidants, but this hypothesis has not yet been proven.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

It is possible that these bacteria are not actually endosymbionts, but are absorbed by the intestines during nutrition [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

In intestinal cells, kinorinh can parasitize microsporidia [5].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Parasitic apicomplexes were found in the intestines of Kinorhynchus yushini and Z. floridensis [3].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Classification and phylogeny


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Kinorinh is currently being considered in the rank of a class as part of the Scalidophora group.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The Kinorinh class is divided into two units [10]:


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

A squad.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The most widespread and diverse kinorinh class.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Only the first zone can be drawn in by representatives of the detachment.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The cuticle of the second zonite (cervical region) is divided into 14-16 plates that cover the front end of the trunk when the trunk is retracted.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The body is provided with spikes, its segments are rounded in cross section.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

They are often found in sea silt and sand in the tidal zone [7] [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The following families are distinguished in the order [11]:


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Dracoderidae;


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Semnoderidae;


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Zelinkaderidae;


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Cyclorhagida incertae sedis.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

A squad.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Relatively large kinorinhi (up to 1 mm).


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The first two zonite can be drawn in.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The cuticle of the cervical region is divided into no more than 8 plates.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The third segment acts as a contactor when the introvert is retracted.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The body carries several thorns.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The torso zonites are triangular in cross section.


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

Inhabitants of marine silts [7] [6].


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi

The following families are distinguished in the order [12]:


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi


Question: Where do Kinorinchs live?

Kinorinhi