Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the dilapidated fortresses there were extremely small garrisons, which in 1704 was the reason for the loss of Gibraltar.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Soldiers, who had no money, weapons, or clothes, fled without any remorse, and France had to use its fleets and armies to protect vast Spanish possessions.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1701


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Italy


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1701, in Italy, Louis XIV decided to limit himself to defensive actions.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Taking advantage of the alliance with the Duke of Mantua, who opened the way for the French to Italy, Louis XIV managed to transfer the army of Marshal Catin there.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The latter, taking into account that the likely path of the Austrian offensive goes along the right bank of Adige, concentrated the army by May (51 infantry battalions and 71 cavalry squadrons, a total of 33 thousand people and about 11,000 in the garrisons of Cremona, Mirandola, Pichigetona, Lodi and Lecco) in the position between Lake Garda and Adige near Rivoli.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The position was strong and strategically advantageous, making it possible to block the army advancing from Tyrol from Tyrol to Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marshal's plan: holding a position at Rivoli, move troops to all mountain passages west to Lake Como and, without crossing Adige out of respect for Venetian neutrality, limit yourself to defensive actions.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The fighting began in the spring of 1701.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, at the head of the Piedmontese troops, moved to Milan and entered it easily.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the Austrian army, under the command of Prince Eugene of Savoy, gathered at Breonio by the end of May, from where on June 4 launched an offensive along the left bank of the Adizha River.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 6, both armies were deployed as follows.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Austrians: General Gutenstein (5 battalions and 100 dragoons for demonstration from Lake Garde) - opposite Monte Baldo, the main forces of Eugene (16.5 thousand and 20 guns) - at Martino, General Palfi (2.5 thousands of cavalry) - near Legnago; in addition, 3,700 infantry and 5,000 cavalry were to join the army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

French: 8,700 at Rivaga, 1 battalion at Ferrara, 2,300 at Bussolengo, 18 thousand (main forces) Katina near Verona, 10 thousand General Tessé in Oppeano, 4 thousand in Mantua; moreover, expected the annexation of the troops of Victor Amadeus of Savoy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, Katina, instead of taking a central position, from where she could launch an offensive at a favorable moment against the crossing enemy, stretched out along Adij with a cordon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The consequence of this was that after receiving news of the impending crossing from Carpi, he did not have time to concentrate enough forces to the threatened point.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Katina, having been defeated at the Battle of Carpi on July 9 and pulling up to 20,000 people to Nogar by July 10, retreated to the Mincio River.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Prince Eugene crossed Adige at Carpi on July 9, and arrived in Villafranca on July 15, where on the same day he joined Gutenstein, en route through Bussolengo.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

By July 16, Eugene had 33,000 and 70 guns against 38,000 Katina, whose army was stationed on the Marmirolo-Borghetto front.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 25, Duke Victor Amadeus of Savoy, who had the rank of Commander-in-Chief, arrived at the French army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 26, the Austrians began moving towards Mincio on Salionz, and to cover him, General Palfi's detachment (1,200 men) was to demonstrate on Goito; at night, all troops crossed without hindrance and are located near Pesquiera.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Katina, instead of using her numerical superiority to attack the imperial army and throw it behind Adij, allowed her to flank and restore communication with Tyrol.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Upon crossing the Mincio, Prince Eugene decided to take advantage of the situation and bypass the left flank of the French army to force it to leave its positions on Mincio, Kiese and beyond without a fight.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 31, the Austrians performed in Lonato and Caminelo, where they camped.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

During this movement, Eugene won a new communication line to Tyrol along the Kieza valley and occupied such a position that Katina had to fear for Olio.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French marshal, not understanding the situation, was firmly convinced of the Austrian offensive in Mantua and along the Po River.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Therefore, after crossing Olio, he took up a position near Canetto.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After learning of the withdrawal of the French for Olio, the Austrian commander-in-chief moved to Vigizzolo (August 8) and sent a cavalry detachment of Palfi for reconnaissance towards Chiari and Palazolo.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The news of this prompted Katina to withdraw the army to Soncino, where he arrived on August 15 and took a position with Romanengo.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The grouping of forces during this period of time was as follows.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Katina: Romanengo — 38,000, in Vaprio — 12,000 (Vaudemont), a total of 50,000, and up to 22,000 are scattered in fortresses.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Prince Eugene has almost all the troops in the Vigizzolo camp (32,000).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 22, Katina was replaced by a new commander-in-chief, Marshal Villeroy, who decided to go on the offensive.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On 29 August, troops crossed the Olio River and, by 31 August, were stationed south of Chiari.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Having received news of the crossing of the French over Olio, the Austrian commander was located on the front to the south at the position at Chiari.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Austrians had 13,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry in their ranks, the French - 30,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 1, the French attacked the position near Chiari without artillery preparation, but were repulsed with a loss of 3,600 people killed and wounded; the losses of the Austrians did not exceed 200 people.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After the battle at Chiari, the French army stationed on the Urago-Castrezato line, where it remained idle for more than 2 months.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The lack of food finally forced Villeroi on the night of November 13 to secretly cross the Olio, move to Cremona and settle in winter apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Eugene, not having time to prevent the retreat of the French, moved down the Olio and, standing between the army of Villeroi and Mantua, overlaid this fortress.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After capturing Borgoforte, Ostilia, Pontemolino, Guastalla and Mirandola, Eugene also settled in winter apartments, hiding behind Mincio and Po and having front posts on Olio.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Netherlands


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, extensive preparations for war continued in the Netherlands, and Anglo-Dutch troops gathered in the vicinity of Breda, commanded by General Marlboro.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In view of the decisive importance of the war in the Netherlands, the eldest of the marshals, Boufler, was appointed French commander-in-chief, who had 123 battalions and 129 squadrons (75 thousand people).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In addition, there was a 15,000 Tallaro corps on the Moselle and the same number was located in the garrisons of the most important cities of the Spanish Netherlands (Newport, Oudenard, Charleroi, Namur, etc.).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, this year there have been no military operations here.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions on the Rhine


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Germany, in the first year of the war, minus the troops sent to Italy and Hungary, there were no more than 50-60 thousand; of which on the Rhine, under the command of Margrave Ludwig of Baden, there were about 15,000 infantry and 6.5 thousand cavalry, and in the hereditary Austrian possessions up to 11 thousand infantry and 7 thousand cavalry.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French army on the Rhine (62 battalions and 100 squadrons, a total of 41 thousand) was initially under the command of Marshal Villeroy; up to 16 battalions (8 thousand) were scattered throughout Alsace.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Intending to achieve his goals through diplomatic negotiations and ordering all theaters to limit himself to strictly defensive actions, Louis XIV deprived himself of all the advantages of the initiative.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Europe, maritime activities were concentrated off the coast of Spain and Italy, and in general they were closely related to operations on land.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The preparation and movement of fleets (mobilization and strategic deployment) began in 1701.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Holland deployed 24 battleships, but it left some of them and a significant number of frigates off its coast to protect the passages, as it feared the invasion of the French from the Netherlands.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

It housed a detachment of 10,000 British troops under the command of the Duke of Marlborough.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Most of the battleships under the command of Admiral Almond joined the English Navy, which began to gather in Portsmouth in April under the command of Admiral Rook.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The appointment of an allied fleet was supposed to put pressure on Spain, seizing reliable bases on its shores to prevent the French naval forces preparing in Toulon and Brest from joining, and prevent them from setting up bases from Spanish ports.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Indeed, Louis demanded that the Spanish government strengthen and supply Cadiz, Gibraltar and Port Magon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French, meanwhile, in August sent two detachments from Brest (Admirals Catlogon and Chateau-Renault) to the West Indies with troops and supplies for the colonies, as well as to conduct a “silver fleet” from there, from arrival which depended from South America on Spain's means of war.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The British, for their part, decided to intercept this fleet.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Upon receiving news of Catlogon's departure, Admiral Rouke was ordered to watch Brest, but he approached him after Chateau-Renault left.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Then Rook separated the squadron (25 British and 10 Dutch ships) under the command of Vice Admiral Benbow to the Spanish shores to intercept the “silver fleet”, after which Benbow had to 10 British ships go to the West Indies to support the operations of the colonists, and send the rest of the ships to Portsmouth, where Rook went at the same time.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On October 10, Benbow arrived in the Azores, where he was informed that the Silver Fleet had already entered Cadiz, so Benbow sent his squadron to England, and arrived with 10 ships on November 13 Barbados.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the news turned out to be false.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Silver Fleet did not leave, as the galleons were not ready, and the Spaniards considered Catlogon's detachment too weak for reliable cover, as a result of which he returned to Brest in February 1702.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

A detachment of Chateau-Renault (10 ships) from Brest first went to Lisbon to put pressure on Portugal, whose loyalty to the alliance with Spain was already suspicious at that time.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

From there, it moved to Cadiz at the end of October.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Cadiz, the Chateau-Renault detachment met with a French squadron of 20 battleships under the command of the Count d'Estre, which had moved here from Toulon since May.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After receiving news of the appearance of the Benbow Squadron and the task assigned to it, Chateau-Renault went with 14 ships for the “silver fleet”, and d'Estre, too weak after that to counteract Benbow, left Cadiz, taking Spanish troops for transportation to Naples and Sicily, and then returned to Toulon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Chateau-Renault arrived in Santa Cruz and in March 1702 set off with the Silver Fleet to Europe via Havana.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1702


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the spring of 1702, England sent a squadron to Portugal and forced King Pedro II to terminate the treaty with France.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On October 22, 1702, 30 English and 20 Dutch ships under the command of Admiral George Rook broke open log barriers, broke into Vigo Bay and landed here 4,000 troops.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

A significant part of the armada that delivered silver from Spanish possessions in America was sunk, part of the silver was captured, some drowned along with the ships.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1702, Prince Eugene of Savoy continued to operate in Northern Italy, where the French were commanded by Duke de Villeroy, whom the prince defeated and captured at the Battle of Cremona on February 1.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Villroy was replaced by Duke de Vendome, who, despite the successful August battle of Luzzara and a significant numerical advantage, showed his inability to knock Eugene of Savoy out of Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, in June 1702, the Duke of Marlborough landed in Flanders, and fighting began in the Netherlands and the Lower Rhine.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marlboro led the combined forces of the British, Dutch, and Germans to the northern possessions of Spain and captured several important fortresses, including Liege.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Rhine, the imperial army led by Ludwig, Margrave of Baden, captured Landau in September, but the threat to Alsace diminished after the elector of Bavaria entered the war on the side of France Maximilian II.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Ludwig was forced to retreat across the Rhine, where he was defeated at the Battle of Friedlingen (October) by the French army under the command of Marshal de Villard.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Italy


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At the beginning of 1702, Austrian troops (50 thousand people) occupied an apartment located east of the Olio River, in the area of Ostiano, Novellara, Mirandola and Castiglione.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French stood west of the Olio River (the main apartment is Cremona) and 6 thousand people Tessa in Mantua.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Villeroi's forces numbered up to 75 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Hoping that the reinforcements sent to him would have time to arrive earlier than expected by Prince Eugene, the Marshal wanted to force the latter to lift the blockade of Mantua and, strengthened by Tessé's detachment, force him back go for Mincio.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, Eugene decided to seize Cremona even before the reinforcements arrived at the enemy, sending troops there by underground passage from the fortress ditch leading to the cellar of the Austrian co-minded man, Abbot Kozoli.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At 7 o'clock in the morning on February 1, 600 people gathered in the courtyard of the abbot's house, moved to the city, seized the gate, killed the guard, occupied the main square of Cremona and captured Marshal Villeroy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But this was the end of the success of the Imperials.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

General Revel, who took the place of Villeroi, gathered troops, forced the Austrians to leave the city.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On February 18, the new commander-in-chief of the French army, Duke of Vendome, arrived and decided to launch an offensive on the southern bank of the Pau and then launch operations to release Mantua.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On March 18, the French army, reinforced to 56 thousand, began to pull together to Stradelle, and on March 26 launched an offensive, on March 30 it reached the Nura River; but the difficulty of food on the right bank of the Pau slowed down movement and forced the French to cross to the left bank.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For his part, Prince Eugene, having received news of the French offensive, ordered the lifting of the blockade of Mantua and concentrated the main forces (24 thousand) on the Curtatone-Borgoforte line.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Vendome, crossing the Po River and following Pralboyno, reached Mincio on May 23, occupied Rivalta and Goito, and forced the Imperials to clear the entire left bank of Mincio.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 1, Vendome took possession of Castiglione.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Prince Eugene's messages with the base were now in great danger.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Then Vendome decided to stay with part of the troops at Rivalta, and with the other to cross the Po River and here, demonstrating against Guastalla, to move to Borgoforto with concentrated forces.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 8, leaving Vaudemont with 33,000 at Rivalta, he went to the right bank of the Po with 38,000 and reached the Enza River on July 25.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Having received news of the Vendome offensive, Prince Eugene ordered the construction of a tete de pont at Borgoforte for 6 thousand people, and ordered the 3 cavalry regiments of General Visconti to move to Brescello and observe the line of the Enza River, as well as take care of the construction of the Tete de Pont near Saint-Vittoria, where its parts moved when the French approached.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Vendome decided to attack Visconti at Saint-Vittoria.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Caught by surprise, Visconti's detachment tried to resist, but was driven back to Guastalla, losing 600 people killed and wounded, 400 prisoners.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French lost about 200 people.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 28, Vendome marched from Saint-Vittoria to Novellaro, allocated small troops to occupy Reggio, Carpi, Modena and Coreggio, and hoping to attract part of the troops of Vaudemont (who meanwhile occupied Montanaro and Curtatone) in order to continue the offensive towards Borgoforte.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the night of August 1, the Austrians crossed the Pau and reached for Soleto.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 14, having received 7,000 reinforcements from Vaudemont, Vendome's army (up to 30,000, 49 battalions and 103 squadron) marched to Luzara, where it arrived at 8 am on August 15.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For his part, Prince Eugene, having received news of the offensive of the French, at 10 o'clock in the morning moved to Lutzara from Soleto (25 thousand, 38 battalions, 80 squadrons and 57 guns).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

A bloody battle unfolded all day long.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Only the darkness of the night and the fatigue of the troops did not allow the continuation of the battle, in which the winner was not revealed.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Losses: Austrians — 2,700 people killed and wounded; French — about 3 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Then hostilities in the field did not resume, and only in early November Vendome decided to bypass the left flank of Eugene.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On November 5, the French moved towards Reggiolo.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On November 7, Vendome captured the bridge from Bandanello and camped here.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Realizing that Vendome's intentions were tending to occupy an apartment location in the area of the Sekia and Panaro rivers, Eugene sent 4 cavalry regiments to the right bank of Sekiya with an order to delay the crossing French to the approach of the main forces following from behind.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Vendome did not dare to attack the strong position of the Imperials and on November 13 went to Fabrico to practice winter.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

apartments; Eugene followed his example.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On November 14, Vendôme took possession of Borgoforte, and in December Governolo fell.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Netherlands


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the Netherlands, the 1702 campaign began with the siege of Kaiserswerth (near Dusseldorf), where the 5,000-strong French garrison of Blainville locked up.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On April 18, the Anglo-Dutch army of the Duke of Nassau (19 thousand) besieged the city, which surrendered on June 15.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But even earlier, Marshal Buffler (36 battalions, 58 squadrons, 25,000 in total) managed to defeat General Ginskel's detachment at Nimwegen (June 11) over General Ginskel's detachment (27 battalions, 61 squadrons, a total of 23,000 person).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Dutch lost 400 people killed and wounded and 300 prisoners, the French up to 200 people.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 11, the Duke of Nassau (30 thousand) overlaid Venlo, who was defended by the 4,000 French garrison de Labadi, and by September 23 forced the fortress to surrender.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 29, Roermond was overlaid, who surrendered to surrender on October 7.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Exhausted by the sending of troops to Alsace and Landau, Bufler could not do anything decisive and, camped in Tongra, tried in vain to cover up the threatened siege of Luttich.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The marshal had to be content with the fact that he managed to introduce an 8,000 garrison into the city and then, when approaching the city of the 40,000-strong Marlboro army, avoiding a battle, retreat to Zhanaren on October 17.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Luttich surrendered, and on November 23, all troops had already dispersed to winter apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, this year's operations in the Netherlands were not decisive and were limited to serfdom.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions on the Rhine


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Alsace and Bavaria, the 1702 campaign began with the passage of Margrave Ludwig of Baden (32,000 infantry and 14,000 cavalry) across the Rhine between Mainz and Speer (April 27), and the location of his troops camp at Frankenthal, where he was preparing for the siege of Landau.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marshal Katina, summoned from Italy and standing in Strasbourg, tried to help the 5,000 garrison, but, being numerically weak, could not succeed.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 18, the Imperials closely overlaid Landau, which lasted until September 9.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French lost 1,700 people killed and wounded, the rest received a free pass to Strasbourg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the same day, the Elector of Bavaria (25,000) captured Ulm and, leaving a 4,000 garrison there, sent General Count d'Arco with 10,000 to the mountains of the Schwarzwald to contact Villard's army. sent by Louis XIV to reinforce Katina's troops.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Arko mastered Kirchbach on Iller, Biberach, Memingen, Augsburg and Ofenhausen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Having learned about the movements of the Bavarians, the Margrave decided to prevent them from connecting with Villard, for which he crossed the Rhine (September 22) at the height of Strasbourg, occupied all the passages of the Black Forest mountains with troops and stood in the way allied connections.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Ludwig of Baden's decision was correct, but he should not hesitate to attack and crush the Elector before the arrival of the French, and then attack Villars.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, the cautious Margrave limited himself only to the occupation of Haguenau and Bischweiler and strengthened surveillance of the passages of the Black Forest.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 24, Villar with 30 battalions, 40 squadrons and 33 guns, bypassing the mountains through the Guningen Pass, managed to reach Guningen, where he ordered the construction of a bridge, which was ready at noon in October.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In view of the enemy, the Marshal crossed to the right bank of the Rhine on October 2 (a feat that time was highly valued as an outstanding episode of this entire campaign) and decided to attack the Imperials, bypassing them through Wiltz, and then give a hand to the Bavarians, with whom the French king especially insisted on joining for political reasons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After a series of marches and detours, he attacked the Margrave at Frillingen (October 14).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French had 17,000 in their ranks, and the Imperials 14,000.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The 2-hour battle was stubborn, and victory hesitated.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The capture of trenches on the heights of Friedlingen and the brilliant attack of the cuirassiers decided the battle in favor of the French, who lost 2.5 thousand killed and wounded; the losses of the Imperials up to 2 thousand people.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Margrave Ludwig retreated to Staufen, where he joined the reinforcements.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After the surrender of Friedlingen (October 15), hostile armies were divided into winter apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The outbreak of hostilities was delayed by the death of King William III of Orange of England (March 8, 1702).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Only at the end of June 1702, 30 English and 20 Dutch battleships, 13 frigates, 9 fireships, 8 mortars and about 100 transports with 9,000 English and 4,000 were concentrated in Portsmouth Dutch troops.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

It was supposed to seize Cadiz in order to make it a base for expeditions in the Mediterranean Sea, to break communication between Toulon and Brest, for operations against Spanish and French maritime trade and to protect the trade route to the Mediterranean Sea.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The main authorities over the expedition were handed over to Admiral Ruk, the Dutch squadron was commanded by Admiral Almond.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the English channel for the blockade of Brest and the protection of trade, an English squadron of 30 ships under the command of Admiral Shovel was to remain, and a Dutch squadron of 15 ships off the Dutch coast under the command of Vice Admiral Evertsen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

It wasn't until August 1 that Rook left Portsmouth.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He had already heard from Benbow in the West Indies that Chateau-Renault came out with the Silver Fleet in March.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Therefore, after taking possession of Cadiz, he had to return north to wait for Chateau-Renault off the northern Spanish coast, and Chauvel was ordered to guard him off the French coast.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

It was considered more likely that Chateau-Renault would lead the “silver fleet” to one of the French ports.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 23, Rook appeared in front of Cadiz, but the attempt to seize it ended in complete failure.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On October 1, the expedition moved to Lagos, where the ships were filled with water, and 6 battleships with 3,000 troops on transports were sent to the West Indies to strengthen Admiral Benbow's detachment.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The expedition set off to England, moving very quietly along the coast due to nasty winds.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At the same time, in Benbow off the coast of the Colombian coast, he held a week-long battle (August 29 — September 4) with a French squadron under the command of Ducasse.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Benbow pursued and fiercely attacked the French squadron, but the refusal of most of his captains to support the attack allowed Ducasse to escape.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

During the collision, Benbow injured his leg and died of illness two months later.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Two of his captains were accused of cowardice and hanged.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Chateau-Renault with his “silver fleet” arrived in Vigo on September 27, and just in time, as Admiral Shovel had just received orders to cross from Brest to Cape Finisterre.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Through the English envoy in Lisbon, the news of the presence of the “silver fleet” reached Ruk, and he decided to seize it.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On October 23, he broke into the raid, destroyed the Chateau-Renault squadron and captured a significant part of the Silver Fleet.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This was a huge and important success for the Allies, which the French were unable to prevent, as they could not assemble a strong enough line fleet to fight the Allied fleet on the high seas.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French fleet was again divided into small detachments located in various ports, and their main purpose was to contribute to the attack on the trade of opponents.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

If they were brought together, they could, especially in 1702, when the Allied Fleet operated at extreme slowness, keep it in the English Channel or the Mediterranean Sea, but this was not part of French naval warfare plans.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The result was the loss of 14 battleships and huge funds that were hoped for to continue the war, and the appearance in 1703 of a squadron of Allies in the Mediterranean Sea.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1703


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The following year, Marlboro captured Bonn and forced the Elector of Cologne to flee, but failed to take Antwerp, and the French performed well in Germany.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The combined Franco-Bavarian army under the command of Villard and Maximilian of Bavaria defeated the imperial armies of Margrave Baden and Hermann Stirum, but the timidity of the Bavarian Elector did not allow to carry out an offensive against Vienna, which led to Villard's resignation.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

French victories in southern Germany continued under Camilla de Tallard, who replaced Villard.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French command was making serious plans, including the capture of the Austrian capital by the combined forces of France and Bavaria next year.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In May 1703, a nationwide uprising broke out in Hungary, in June it was led by the nobleman Ferenc Rakoczi II, a descendant of the Transylvanian princes; by the end of the year, the uprising covered the entire territory of the Hungarian kingdom and diverted large Austrian forces to the east.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But in May 1703, Portugal sided with the anti-French coalition, and in September Savoy radically changed its position.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At the same time, England, which had previously watched Philip's attempts to stay on the Spanish throne, has now decided that its commercial interests will be safer under Archduke Charles's reign.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Italy


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The previous campaign ended unsuccessfully for the Imperials, who, of all previous conquests, remained only Mirandola and the only way to communicate with the base through Ostilia and Trient.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In addition, Prince Eugene was no longer at the head of the Austrian troops, being sent to another theater of operations, against rebellious Hungary, and command passed to Count Staremberg, who had everything Twenty thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This state of affairs created a very favorable environment for Vendome, which had 47,000, except for 10,000 garrisons of cities and fortresses and 5,000 that blocked Brescello.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Despite his superiority of strength, Vendome chose only to maneuver, playing into the hands of an opponent who wanted to buy time.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 8, he attacked Ostilia with 27,000, but the flood caused by the breakthrough of a large dam on the Po River forced Vendome to retreat.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Until July 1, the French were inactive; on this day Vendome moved to Mantua, while French troops on the right bank of the Pau deployed between O. Benedetto and Bandanello, and the detachment covering Modena Albergotti (7,000) occupied Buon-Porto.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the Elector of Bavaria captured Innsbruck (June 22) and became a firm foot in Tyrol, leaving 8 battalions and 7 squadrons in Desenzano, with the rest of the forces (30 battalions and 70 squadrons) in 2 columns on both shores of Lake Garda, Vendome joined the Bavarians on July 20 and was at Trient on July 28.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At this time, an order was received from Louis XIV to stop moving towards Tyrol and turn against his betrayed ally, Duke Victor Amadeus of Savoy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Vendome was supposed to turn back and arrived in Benedetto on August 29.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the absence of Vendome, Brescello finally surrendered to his brother (July 27), whose fall Staremberg tried in vain to prevent.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Duke of Savoy had 8,000 infantry and 3,500 cavalry - forces quite insignificant to counter the French, as a result of which he based the success of the struggle on joining Staremberg, hoping to contact him via the Ligurian Alps or via Piacenza.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

As Vendome approached, he cleared Asti and went to Villanova.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On November 6, the French captured Asti, after which Vendome decided to deploy troops in winter apartments and returned to Milan on December 4.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Count Staremberg was just waiting for this moment to connect with Victor Amedeus.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Skillfully demonstrating on the right bank of the Pau, despite Vendome's attempt to prevent the connection, he reached Nice della Palia, where he joined the Savoies.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On January 13, 1704, Vendome, who missed the opportunity to break almost twice the weakest Staremberg, was supposed to settle in winter apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Netherlands


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the Netherlands, at the opening of the 1703 campaign, the French army (up to 105 thousand) was stationed on the Dunkirchen-Geldern line.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The allies were weaker, and this circumstance, due to disagreements between the British and the Dutch, prevented Marlboro from acting decisively.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign began with the surrender of Reinsberg to the detachment of Dutch General Lottum (February 9), after which the Allies, under the command of Marlboro (about 40 thousand), besieged Bonn on April 24, and forced him to surrender.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The siege of Bonn was covered by a detachment of General Overkirk, located along the Meuse, near Luttich and Maastricht.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Another Anglo-Dutch corps was located near the mouth of the Scheldt.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Even before the surrender of Bonn on May 9, Marshal Villeroy left the Tyrlemont camp and arrived at Tongra the next day, garrison of only two Dutchbattalions.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Overkirk managed to collect up to 31,000 to Lanaken (near Maastricht), and when Villeroi approached Lanaken (about 35,000) in the morning on May 14, he saw the enemy almost equal in number and impregnable positions.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Without trying to attack him, Villeroi retreated back to Tongra.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, thanks to the reinforcements sent, the Allied forces increased to 82,000, not counting garrisons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 25, Marlboro left Maastricht to cut off the French army from Antwerp and then besiege the city.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But disagreements between the allies prevented the British commander-in-chief from acting decisively, so instead of moving to Antwerp, on August 19 he began a siege of the fortress of Guy, the garrison of which (6 thousand) capitulated on August 25.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 17, Geldern fell, which had been besieged since February, and on September 27, Limburg fell into the hands of the Allies, which ended the hostilities of 1703.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions on the Rhine


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Rhine and Bavaria, the war of 1703 was waged with the aim: for the Imperials, to destroy the forces of Maximilian of Bavaria and seize his possessions; for Louis XIV, to support his only ally by providing him help in Germany itself.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The number of the Elector's army reached 52,000, but about half of it were garrisons scattered throughout the lower Inna, Ingolstadt, Neumark and other places.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The imperial troops put forward against the Bavarians on the left bank of the Danube were located in 2 groups: Count Stirum and Count Schlick (30,000); against Villard's army (49 battalions and 77 squadrons, 32,000 in total) on the upper Rhine and in the Brizach-Freiburg area stood Margrave Ludwig of Baden (35 thousand), and on the Moselle there was a 9-thousandth detachment of the Prince of Hesse, covering the siege of Treirbach.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In mid-January, Tallar (12,000) began hostilities against the Prince of Hesse, forced him to lift the siege of Treirbach (February 24) and captured O. Vandel on March 3.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Villar began operations almost simultaneously with Tallar.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

His troops, scattered in Alsace and Franche-Comté, gradually pulled together to the Rhine at Altenheim, Neuburg and Guningen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The purpose of the marshal's actions was to bypass and suddenly attack the winter apartments of the Margrave of Baden, after which he assumed, having captured Kel, to move to Bavaria to join the troops of the Elector.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On 12 February, he began moving through Kadern to Neuburg and, passing the Brizach-Freiburg line, arrived in Altenheim on 18 February and Kinzig on 19 February, from where he launched a surprise attack on the apartments of the Imperials, forcing them to retreat.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After that, Villar captured Offenburg and on February 25 besieged Kehl (2.5 thousand garrison).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On March 9, the fortress surrendered.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Elector Maximilian began action, taking advantage of Villar's distraction of part of the imperial forces, and on February 4 occupied Neuburg, the only crossing of the Austrians on the upper Danube.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With 12,000 concentrated in Braunau, he went to Passau, in the lower Inn basin, where, at the village of Sigharding, on March 11, he attacked Schlick's 10,000 detachment and defeated it.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Imperials lost 1,200 people killed and wounded, the Bavarians about 500 people.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The new victory of the Elector at Emhof (March 28) over Stirum's troops forced the Imperials to concentrate their forces again on the Danube.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Then Villard (34,000) crossed the Rhine near Strasbourg on April 18, moved to connect with the Bavarians, and on May 10 contacted them at Ridlingen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On a personal meeting with the Elector, the Marshal invited him by joint forces (60 thousand) to move directly to Vienna, almost cleared of troops on the occasion of the Hungarian uprising, while Tallar will deter the army of the Margrave of Baden.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At first, Maximilian agreed, but then, fearing the movement of the Imperials into his own possessions, refused.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 14, the 24,000-strong Bavarian army launched an offensive against Tyrol.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Kufstein (June 18), Innsbruck (June 22), Rotenburg, Scharnitz, Ehrenberg were successively taken.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 26, the Elector reached Mittenwald, where he remained in camp until August 21, hoping to contact Vendome, whose troops were still near Mantua.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 21, after receiving news of Schlick's movement to Neuburg and crossing the Inn, Maximilian turned back and returned to Munich.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In continuation of these useless maneuver marches, Villars, bound by the condition to cover Bavaria from attempts on it by Ludwig of Baden and Count Stirum, could not start moving.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 26, the imperial army (40 thousand) of the Margrave stopped at Langenau.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For his part, Villars fortified himself on the left bank of the Danube, between Dillingen and Lavingen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Margrave did not dare to attack the French army at this position, preferring to seize it by maneuvering, for which he sent the 5,000-strong detachment of Latour to the Illera River to invade Bavaria, hoping to force the marshal to cross to the right bank of the Danube to cover the possessions of Maximilian, but Villar, having unraveled the enemy's plan, did not move, sending only the 4.5 thousandth detachment of Legal to Offenhausen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The latter attacked and defeated Latour's troops at Munderkingen at dawn on July 31.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 23, leaving the 20-thousandth corps of Stirum against Villard at Dillingen, the Margrave crossed the Danube above Ulm on August 28 and went through upper Iller and Memmingen to Augsburg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Marshal tried to stop the Imperials by expelling a detachment of 20 battalions and 44 squadrons to Augsburg, but the Margrave managed to warn the French and on September 5 occupied this city, throwing two bridges across the Lech River and sending numerous equestrian parties to the side of Munich.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Having received news of the movement of the army of Maximilian of Bavaria to Augsburg and wanting to attract Stirum to him, the Margrave of Baden sent the latter an order to go to him to join him.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 18, Stirum left Dillingen and reached Schweningen on September 19 as the Elector's troops approached Donauvert, where they joined Villard.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After the allocation of garrisons, the Allied forces reached 30 thousand, while Stirum's detachment had no more than 18 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the evening of September 19, leaving D'Usson's detachment in the Dillingen fortified camp, the Allies launched a general offensive.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 20, a battle took place at Gochstedt, which began with the attack of D'Usson's troops of Stirum at Ober-Glauheim.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French attack ended in failure: bypassed by enemy cavalry, having superior forces in front of him and not receiving news from Villard, busy crossing the Danube, d'Usson hastily retreated to its fortified lines.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

It was not until 10 o'clock in the morning that the Marshal and Elector arrived at the battlefield.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Bypassing the left flank of the Imperials, the Allies attacked them so vigorously that they hurriedly began to retreat to Nordlingen, and if d'Usson had left the Dillingen camp at that moment and would have embarked on the path Stirum's retreat, the defeat of the Imperials would have been even more complete.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

They lost 4,000 killed and wounded; the allies no more than 1,500.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The remnants of the defeated imperial army in disarray retreated to Nordlingen, from where Count Stirum hoped to reach the upper Danube and unite with the Margrave standing in Augsburg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 22, the Allies moved there via Donauvert, Wertingen, Biberbach and reached Gersthofen, near Augsburg on September 26.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But seeing heavily fortified positions in front of them and fearing Stirum's movement through the Black Forest, they were content with leaving a 19,000-strong detachment on Lech to cover Bavaria and through Biberach and Bargau headed to Willingen (8,000), on the left bank of Iller.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After receiving the news, Ludwig of Baden, leaving a 6,000 garrison in Augsburg, launched an offensive against Iller and captured Memmingen, but then withdrew to Leitkirch.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Memmingen, disagreements began between the Marshal and the Elector.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The first offered to attack the Margrave until he joined Stirum, but the latter did not agree with Villard's plan, preferring serfdom, and captured Kempstein on November 16.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

While these events were taking place, Tallar (26,000) besieged Landau (6,000 imperials of Count Friesen) on October 13.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On November 13, the Prince of Hesse spoke from Speir with 24 thousand to help Landau.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Tallar, having joined Prakontal's detachment and having 18 thousand people, moved against the enemy on the evening of November 14 and the next day came across him by the Speirbach River (in the Bavarian Palatinate, on the left bank of the Rhine).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Without rebuilding the marching columns into battle formation and afraid to miss the moment, the Marshal attacked and defeated the Imperials.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Imperials lost 6,000 killed and wounded; the French lost about 4,000.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1703 ended with the siege and capture of Augsburg (from December 3 to 16), whose 6-thousandth garrison surrendered to Maximilian of Bavaria.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 12, 1703, Admiral Chauvel sailed for the Mediterranean Sea with 35 battleships, while the rest of the fleet this year was limited to observing the French northern coast.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Shovel had orders: to lead a caravan of merchant ships to Malta; enter into relations with the pirate states of the northern coast of Africa to encourage them to war with France; put pressure on Tuscany and Venice, who gravitated towards France, and force them to observe neutrality; ensure the Austrians freedom of communication on the Adriatic Sea (there appeared a small French detachment, which greatly hampered actions of Austrian troops); support the Habsburg Party in Naples; if circumstances prove favorable, attack Cadiz, Toulon or other ports; bring merchant ships to England in the fall from The Mediterranean Sea.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The delay in Shovel's departure was due to the late arrival of 12 Dutch ships (June 25), which were supposed to be part of his squadron.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With the death of William III, who united England and the Netherlands, the Dutch, citing lack of money, began to evade their obligations to arm a certain number ships.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For the expedition to the Mediterranean Sea, they had to give 18 ships, and sent only 12; they did not send a single ship to the canal squadron (Admiral Rook) this year.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Off their coast and against Dunkirchen, they held two detachments, totaling 22 ships.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Disagreements also began between the British and Dutch admirals due to the fact that the British abused the latter.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Shovel stayed in the Mediterranean until November, after which he returned to England, leaving six Dutch ships in Lisbon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Although he could not fulfill all the instructions assigned to him, the French fleet, due to the presence of the English, could not move from Toulon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This winter, 9 British battleships died in Downs during a terrible storm in early December.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

From Blenheim to Malplake (1704—1709)


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1704


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In mid-March 1704, Archduke Charles arrived in Lisbon on 30 Allied ships with the Anglo-Austrian army, but the British offensive from Portugal against Spain was unsuccessful.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1704, the French planned to use Villroy's army in the Netherlands to deter the Marlboro offensive while the Franco-Bavarian army of Tallar, Maximilian Emmanuel and Ferdinand de Marsen will be advancing on Vienna.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In May 1704, Hungarian rebels (Kuruts) threatened Vienna from the east, Emperor Leopold was about to move to Prague, but the Hungarians still retreated without receiving French support.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marlboro, ignoring the desire of the Dutch to leave troops in the Netherlands, led the combined British and Dutch troops south to Germany, and at the same time Eugene of Savoisky and the Austrian army moved from Italy to the north.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The purpose of these maneuvers was to eliminate the threat to Vienna from the Franco-Bavarian army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Together, the troops of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy entered the French army of Tallar in the Second Battle of Hochstedt (August 13).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allies won a victory that cost France another ally - Bavaria withdrew from the war; only as prisoners, the French lost 15 thousand people, including Marshal Tallar, France did not know such defeats with Richelieu era, Versailles were very surprised that “God took the side of heretics and usurpers.”


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In August, England achieved an important success: with the help of Dutch troops, the English landing of George Rook took the fortress of Gibraltar in just two days of fighting.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 24, at Malaga, the Prince of Toulouse, the side son of Louis XIV, attacked the British fleet, receiving an order to recapture Gibraltar by all means.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, the battle ended in a draw, both sides did not lose a single ship; for Ruk it was more important to keep the fleet to protect Gibraltar than to win the battle, and thus the Battle of Malaga ended by the benefits of the British.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After this battle, the French fleet completely abandoned major operations, actually ceding the ocean to the enemy and only defending itself on the Mediterranean Sea.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After the second Battle of Hochstedt, Marlboro and Eugene again divided and returned to their fronts.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Italy


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

By the beginning of 1704, the Imperials occupied the Milan region and Ferrara; their number decreased to 10,000 and General Linengen took command of them, after the departure of Count Staremberg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Victor Amadeus's 30,000-strong army stood on the borders of Savoy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Vendome (62 thousand) received royal instructions to oust the Imperials from Italy and invade Savoy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

It was to be reinforced by another 24 battalions and 12 squadrons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The 1704 campaign began with the victory of Vendome on January 11 at Castelnuovo di Bormida, where the 5,000 detachment of Solari was defeated, losing 600 people killed and wounded.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But this minor case did not have any special consequences, especially since after it, the French remained inactive for almost 3 months.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Finally, having received news of the movement of Victor Amadeus's troops (19 thousand) to Casala, Vendome decided to attack the Savoy and on May 8, with 29 thousand, went to Crecentino.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But, having learned about the movements of the enemy, Victor Amadeus retreated, paying only with his rearguard, which was destroyed on May 11 at Crecentino.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Further actions in 1704 in Italy were limited to the siege of a number of fortresses.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions on the Rhine


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Rhine and Bavaria, the 1704 campaign began with the movement of Tallar's army (about 18 thousand) to Saarbrücken and the Palatinate to threaten Mainz and the Lower Rhine (April 23).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 9, Coigny's detachment (10,000) reached Saverne and crossed the Rhine on May 13; Tallar's main forces reached Brisach, and in the following days (May 14 and 15) captured Adelhausen and Zurlamben, seeking to enter liaison with Marshal Marsen's army who arrived in Ulm on May 4.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 29, at Donauvert, the Elector of Bavaria joined Marsen (28,000 French and 32,000 Bavarians) and they launched an offensive against the Margrave of Baden, who meanwhile managed to seize Meskirch and become a hard foot in the vicinity of Munderkingen with 42,000.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 16, when Tallar entered into contact with Marsen, the Duke of Marlborough (about 31,000) left Maastricht and headed for Bonn through Bois-le-Duc and Roermond.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the way to Bonn, contingents of Lüneburg, Hanover and Hesse were to join him, which doubled the number of his troops.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marlboro reached Bonn on May 23 and Koblenz on May 25.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Marshal Villeroy, who was entrusted with the command of troops in Flanders, penetrated the intentions of the Duke, divided his army into 2 parts: one of them (14 thousand), under the command of Guiskar, was supposed to contact Bedmar's corps from Saint-Tron (17,000) on the Lierre-Oostende line, and the other, under his personal command (26,000), go to Namur.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 23, Bedmar joined Guiskar at Saint-Tron, and the Marshal arrived in Basson via Namur on the same day to be closer to Marlboro.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Marlboro crossed the Rhine (26 May) and then traveled along the Rhine through Zwingenberg and Weingham to Neckar, where he camped near Ladenburg on 3 June.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This movement in connection with the construction of a bridge near Philippsburg led the French generals to believe that Marlboro was launching an attempt against Landau.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Therefore, Villeroy moved to Luxembourg, and Tallar from Strasbourg to Lauterburg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The number of French forces reached 58 thousand, regardless of the cavalry detachments advanced to the Moselle, the army of Marsen at Ulm and 32 thousand Elector of Bavaria in the fortified camp near Lauvingen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 22, Marlboro approached Ulm, where he joined the 32,000 army of the Margrave of Baden.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The strength of Marlboro and the Margrave was 63,000.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Stopping on the decision to invade Bavaria in order to cut it off from the rest of the theater of operations, the Allies moved to Donauvert (June 30) to capture the city to ensure the crossing over The Danube.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After defeating the advance detachment (10,000) of the Bavarians of the Count of Arco near Schellenberg, the Allies occupied Donauvert without a fight on July 5, from where Maximilian withdrew to Augsburg, and reached Friedberg on July 23.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

While these events took place, Villeroi did not move from the camp in lower Alsace.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 23, the king finally instructed Tallar to launch offensive operations through the Black Forest, while Villeroi was to limit himself to demonstrations.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 1, Tallar (26,000) crossed the Rhine at Strasbourg and, following Ofenburg, joined Elector Maximilian near Augsburg on August 3.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The combined Allied forces reached 57,000.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

As for Prince Eugene, he moved from Italy with 16 thousand to connect with Marlboro.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 11, the armies were joined at Schoenfeld; the army now consisted of 70 battalions, 180 squadrons and 52 guns (60 thousand) against 82 battalions, 150 squadrons and 100 guns (58 thousand) of the enemy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the French-Bavarian army left the Augsburg camp on August 6 and settled between Blenheim and Ober-Clau on August 12, and the Elector and Marsen between Ober-Clau and Lucingen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 13, the Battle of Gochstedt followed.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French and Bavarians suffered a brutal defeat.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Tallar was captured, and Marsen took the miserable remnants of the French army to Strasbourg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Elector retired to Belgium after this victory gave the whole of Bavaria into the hands of the Allies.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allies remained on the battlefield until August 19 and only attracted the Margrave of Baden from Ingolstadt.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Leaving the detachment of General Tungen (11,000), who besieged the city on August 23, to capture Ulm, they moved to Philippsburg and crossed the Rhine (September 8 and 9).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Ulm surrendered on September 11.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the same day, the Margrave, having crossed the Rhine, besieged Landau.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On November 24, the fortress fell, and a month earlier Trier surrendered to the Allies (October 29); the capture of Traerbach (December 20) ended the operations on the Rhine in 1704.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Spain


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Portugal's accession to the alliance against Louis XIV gave the Imperials a new base for operations against Philippe of Anjou, on the Iberian Peninsula.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On March 9, Archduke Charles, who proclaimed himself King of Spain, landed in Lisbon with General Schomberg's 10,000 landing force transported there on Anglo-Dutch ships.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Archduke hoped to gain supporters in Spain by his appearance.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Philip of Anjou had no more than 26-27 thousand; Badajoz had a detachment of Tserclas Tilly (9.5 thousand), which was to seize Portalegro in Portugal, and then advance to the Tagus River; near Salvatieres (south of Badajoz) stood the commander-in-chief of the French Marshal Count Berwick with 16 thousand, who had to seize the fortified places on the right bank of the Tagus, reach Villa Vega and, pulling Tserclas Tilly's detachment, launch an offensive against Abrantes while Don Ronquillo's cavalry (15 squadrons) will sabotage towards Almeida.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 4, troops began to move, on the same day Berwick besieged Salvatiera, who surrendered two days later, and then captured Segura, Rosmaningal, Monsanto and Castel Branco until May 22.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In addition, the Marshal was lucky enough to have a surprise attack to seize Sierra Estreja, after which he advanced to Villa Vega, crossing the Tajo bridge.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Tserclas Tilly, detained at Extremos by Schomberg, could not move forward, as a result of which Berwick decided to meet him halfway.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Leaving 2 battalions and 1 squadron to cover the bridge and 5 battalions and 15 squadrons in Castel Branco, he crossed Tajo, joined Tserclas at Portalegro (June 7) and besieged Portalegro, who surrendered 8 june.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thanks to delays caused by taxes and sieges of cities, the enemy managed to strengthen between Villa Vega and Abrantes, covering both this last point and the road to Lisbon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

To act against the right flank of the army of Berwick (Don Ronquillo's detachment), 11,000 Las Minas were gathered in Almeida.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The latter took Monsanto and was moving straight to Zarza, the base of the Spanish army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

To save Sarza, Berwick, joining Ronquillo at Duro and pulling a detachment from Castel Branco (13,000), moved towards Las Minas, who, however, evaded the battle and retreated to Pena Macor.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After that, the Marshal hastened to unite with Philippe of Anjou, who was standing on the left bank of the Tagus, near Villa Vega.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At this time, reinforcements (6 thousand) of General Villadarias approached Berwick from Andalusia.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He was immediately assigned to take possession of Castel Vide.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The little fortress surrendered after 4 days.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The time of terrible heat began, and therefore in July hostilities stopped, and the troops of both armies were stationed in apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Villadarias returned to Andalusia, Tserclas to Badajoz, Aguilar to Alcantara, and Berwick was located between Douro and Sierra de Gata, Las Minas moved to Almeida.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Operations resumed only in September, but were not decisive, and on October 12, the troops dispersed to winter apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

A few days later (October 21), English Admiral Lick besieged the Spanish fortress of Gibraltar.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1704, the Allied Navy was to transport to Lisbon the Allied contender for the Spanish throne Charles III with 10,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry, and this fleet was entrusted with the task Facilitate ground forces operations in the Spanish theater of war.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But the Allies considered these operations to be nothing more than a sabotage on the right flank of the general theater of war (Spain — France — northern Italy — Danube) to enable the Austrian army to defeat the French on the left flank.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This was to be facilitated by the Allied Fleet, acting against Spanish ports in the Mediterranean Sea and the French center in Toulon and northern Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

France's need for naval power in the Mediterranean was urgent, and Louis XIV decided to use his best efforts to gather his entire fleet here.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Throughout the winter, active preparations were going on in the ports.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, it was very difficult to do this, as the personnel scattered among the numerous privateers and sought more to the detachments appointed to pursue trade and promised him large monetary benefits and French ports were also poorly equipped to train large squadrons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Twenty-five ships were armed in Brest, and 30 ships in Toulon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On February 24, an allied fleet of 17 British and 12 Dutch ships and 300 transports with troops, under the general command of Admiral Ruke, went to Lisbon, and the French could not prevent this, as their fleet I wasn't ready at all yet.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 8, Rook with 33 battleships sailed to the Mediterranean Sea and arrived in Barcelona at the end of the month.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The hope that the governor would side with Charles III, did not materialize, and for the proper siege of the city there were not sufficient funds.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Then it was decided to go to the Guier Islands to operate against Toulon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Here Rook received news that the French squadron had left Brest and that it had been seen off the Portuguese coast.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Now it was decided to meet the French halfway, and if they could not meet them or it turns out that they will have time to take refuge in a fortified port, for example, Cadiz, go further north to connect with Admiral Shovel's English squadron, which was supposed to watch Brest and had orders, if it missed the French, to follow them to unite with Ruk.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Indeed, the Brest squadron under the command of the Count of Toulouse went to sea, safely made its way past Chauvel, and since Rook was always ahead of him and stayed only at Barcelona, he approached Toulon (June 7) just at a time when Rook, who came out of the Giera Islands, was near him.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The happy direction for the French, very weak, moreover, the wind did not allow the Hand to attack them immediately.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For two days, the opponents maneuvered in full view of each other, and the French managed to come so close to Toulon that Rook, losing hope of cutting them off from this port and fearing that they would be approached from there reinforcements, decided to join Shovel, and the Count of Toulouse entered Toulon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, thanks to happy circumstances, the French managed to concentrate 55 battleships in Toulon, but the ships armed here were far from ready, and therefore the French could not prevent the operations of the weaker in number (33 ships) Hand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The opportunity to defeat the Allies at sea was lost, as Rook joined Shovel in Lagos on June 26, and now his squadron consisted of 58 battleships, that is, several was superior to French.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At first, he received the order of Charles III to seize Cadiz, but there was a long delay in sending the necessary troops, and on July 27, the military council on the squadron decided to try to seize Gibraltar, whose fortifications were negligible.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 1, Rook appeared in front of Gibraltar, deploying a patrol detachment near Malaga to protect himself from the sudden appearance of the French fleet, and on August 4, the fortress was already in the hands of the Allies.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Only on July 22, the French fleet was able to leave Toulon and went to Barcelona, where it hoped to find allies.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

There he learned about the capture of Gibraltar and received orders from Philip V to take it back at all costs, for which a corps of troops had already been sent dry.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Count of Toulouse had 51 battleships, which could also be joined by French and Spanish galleys.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Ruk also had only 51 ships, as 5 Dutch ships were sent to escort a caravan of merchant ships to Plymouth and then deliver ammunition from there to Lisbon, and several more ships went to the Azores to bring Portuguese merchant ships returning from Brazil.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Rook took all measures to strengthen Gibraltar, and with the fleet on August 12 went to Tetuan to fill with water.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 19, he went to sea with only 39 ships, as the remaining 12 had not yet finished pouring water, at which time scouts reported that the enemy was in sight, only 30 miles away.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The situation was very dangerous, but so far the military council could not decide what to do, news came from the intelligence officers that the French were going to Malaga.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French decided, having found the enemy, to fill themselves with water in Malaga and attach the galleys located there.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This delay saved the Hand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He was in time to send to Gibraltar for the naval soldiers who had been brought ashore there, who arrived at him on 20 August, and let the ships remaining in Tetuan know, who had joined him on the same day.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French appeared only on August 23, and on August 24 there was an indecisive battle, after which the Count of Toulouse, without losing a single ship, while the Allies destroyed one ship, and despite the fact that during maneuvering in battle, he was located between Ruka squadron and Gibraltar, he left through Alicante to Toulon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Ruk did not have ammunition, and he had already decided to break into Gibraltar, sacrificing his damaged ships, which were ordered to burn himself if he could not escape from the French.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 31, Rook arrived in Gibraltar just in time, as the Spanish army was already in mind.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After that, Louis XIV finally lost faith in the possibility of achieving anything with the help of line fleets, and again all ships and means of ports were turned to pursue maritime trade allies.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Alicante, the Count of Toulouse received orders from Philip V to support the besieging army from the sea, as a result of which he separated Admiral Pointis with 13 ships, who was supposed to escort Gibraltar transport with 3,000 troops, reserves and a siege park.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But all this was ready only by October.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Since the Ruka squadron was in dire need of correction and could not stay with Gibraltar, as many people as possible (about 2,000), ammunition and supplies were brought from it, and on September 5, it left, leaving for the winter in Lisbon a detachment of 10 ships under the command of Vice Admiral Lick, who, due to the bad condition of the Portuguese shipyards, was also ready to leave only at the end of October.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At this time, Pointis came to Gibraltar, landed troops, unloaded supplies and, leaving only frigates here, went to Cadiz for food.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Leake could only leave on November 5 and arrived on November 9 in the evening in Gibraltar, which was in great danger.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Just in time for November 10, an assault was scheduled, and it was planned to land a detachment of troops from the sea in the rear, under the cover of French frigates.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Leake's appearance saved Gibraltar.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Leake's position was dangerous due to the insecurity of Gibraltar Bay from winter storms and due to the fact that he had a stronger Pointis detachment in the rear.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, transports arrived in Lisbon with new reinforcements for Gibraltar.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Lick decided to go to Cadiz, block Pointis there, and thereby allow transports to pass.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He was detained by storms, while Pointis left to take possession of the transports, for which he sat in their way, raising English and Dutch flags; but he began to maneuver too early for them encirclement; out of 20 transports, he managed to take only two, and Gibraltar was again supplied.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Pointis returned to Cadiz and Leek went to Lisbon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1705


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1705, the situation on the fronts practically did not change: Marlboro and Villroy maneuvered in the Netherlands, and Eugene and Vendome - in Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The British fleet appeared off the coast of Catalonia and attacked Barcelona on September 14, 1705; on October 9, the Earl of Peterborough captured the city, most Catalans, out of hatred of Madrid, defected to his side and Charles of Habsburg was recognized as king.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Part of Aragonia, almost all of Valencia, Murcia, and the Balearic Islands openly sided with the challenger; in the west, the Allies besieged Badajoz.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Italy


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Italy, by the beginning of 1705, the French had 77 thousand people, of which 22 thousand Vendome in Piedmont, 15 thousand of his brother in the Brescia region, 11 thousand de Lafellada in Nice, 5 thousand Lapar Mirandola and about 24,000 were in garrisons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The combined forces of Count Staremberg and Duke Victor Amadeus did not reach even 17 thousand people; but at the beginning of the year, Eugene of Savoy was sent to Italy with 28 thousand, who, together with the troops of Victor- Amadeus was supposed to go on the offensive against Vendome.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On April 22, Eugene arrived in Roveredo and, having learned about the plight of besieged Mirandola, decided to transport part of the troops (12,000) through Mincio at Salionze, with the rest of the troops to go to Mirandola.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, a detachment of the Imperials was thrown back for Mincio, and Mirandola fell on May 10.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After that, the Austrian commander-in-chief turned to another plan — an attack by surprise on Milan.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At the same time, in order not to be stopped at Mincio, Eugene transported troops on ships along Lake Garda to Salo and Howardo, from where he sailed on the night of June 23 to upper Olio, wanting to get in touch with the Savoies, and On July 2, he occupied Pontolio and Palazolo.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After capturing Sonsino and receiving the necessary reinforcements, Eugene moved to Romanengo (July 15).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Vendome, having learned about Eugene's movement, attracted the troops of Lapar and his brother and, heading through Lodi, camped in front of Eugene.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The latter, meanwhile, decided to make a secretive march to upper Adda and cross the river before the French had time to begin persecution.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 10, at night, he moved to Trezzo, and from there to Paradiso, where he arrived at dawn on August 13 and immediately ordered the construction of the bridge over Addu.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Due to lack of materials, the bridge was completed only in the morning of August 15, which Vende took advantage of.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Having unraveled the enemy's plan, he left the 13,000-strong detachment under his brother's command at Cassano, crossed with 9,000 to the right bank of Adda and, following up the river, reached Paradiso while the prince Eugene managed to transport only a small part of his troops through Addu.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This forced the Austrians to abandon the crossing.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Then Eugene, wanting to take advantage of the division of the French army, turned against Cassano, where the battle took place on August 15.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After a stubborn battle, it was repulsed by Vendome's troops with heavy damage and thrown back to Trevilio.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Here the Austrians set up a fortified camp, and the French settled at Rivalto and for 2 months did not take decisive action, limiting themselves to observing the enemy.