Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Yaroslavl was the first city in Russian history to be bombed almost completely by aircraft.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

As a result of air strikes, the magnificent Demidov Lyceum was destroyed.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

According to the headquarters for the elimination of the rebellion: “in two flights, more than 12 pounds of dynamite bombs were dropped, most of which, according to information received, fell into the area of the enemy headquarters near the former governor's house... The pilots noticed severe damage to buildings and fires that arose... The enemy did not open artillery fire, limiting itself to one or two shots from small caliber guns, apparently from armored cars. At present, due to the enemy's persistence, it has been decided to intensify the bombing, using the most destructive power of the bomb for this purpose.”


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

However, the defenders of the city held steadfastly, repelling enemy attacks.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Desperate to break the resistance of Yaroslavl residents, Yu.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Guzarsky on July 16, 1918 telegraphed to the command:


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

RGWA.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The Reds shelled the city “on squares”, as a result of which streets and entire neighborhoods were destroyed.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In the rebellious part of the city, up to 80% of all buildings were destroyed.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Fires raged in the city as the fire station and the city's water pumping station were destroyed.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Due to the overwhelming numerical and technical superiority of the Reds, further continuation of the armed struggle for the rebels became hopeless.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

At the convened military council, Perkhurov insisted on breaking through the army from Yaroslavl and leaving either Vologda or Kazan towards the People's Army.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

However, most of the commanders, being local residents, led by General Karpov, refused to leave the city and decided to continue the struggle while there was an opportunity.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The complexity of the situation lay in the fact that the participants in the uprising were both officers who came from other cities and retired soldiers and officers of the Russian army living in Yaroslavl, civilians who took for the gun.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

For the former, the military aspect of the “operation” was primarily important, for others the stake was immeasurably higher: they defended not only themselves, but also their families, and they had no way to retreat.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

As a result, it was decided to send a detachment of 50 people led by A. P. Perkhurov, who left Yaroslavl on a steamer on the night of July 15-16, 1918.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The commander in the city remained General P. P. Karpov, whose family lived in Yaroslavl (according to the protocols of the Yaroslavl Cheka, he was shot in September 1918).


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Perkhurov's departure had a negative impact on the morale of the rebels, but they continued to resist.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

By July 20, it became clear to the rebels that there was nothing else to resist, their strength and ammunition were running out.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The headquarters of the rebels decided to stop the resistance.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

But it was not the red troops who decided to surrender, but to the German Commission of Prisoners of War No. 4, led by Lieutenant K. Balkom, interned since the beginning of the uprising in the city theater.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

On July 21, the remaining fighters in Yaroslavl surrendered to the German commission.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Although its chairman K. Balk assured the surrendered rebels that the commission would take the position of “armed neutrality” and would not extradite them to the Bolsheviks, and almost immediately he handed them over to the Bolsheviks, who immediately shot them.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The Meaning of the


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The uprising was defeated due to weak organization, lack of weapons (which led to the defensive strategy of the rebels), the numerical superiority of the Red Guard forces and intensive their use of artillery and aircraft.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

As B.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Savinkov: “There was nothing to arm myself with in Yaroslavl. We have to be surprised not that Colonel Perkhurov did not defeat the Bolsheviks near Yaroslavl, but that he was able to hold out for 17 days.”


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Despite the defeat of the uprising in Yaroslavl, it had a significant impact on the development of hostilities on the Volga and the Urals.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

It did not allow the Bolsheviks to transfer their reserves to the Volga and Ural fronts, which led to heavy defeats of the red troops and the capture of Yekaterinburg, Simbirsk and Kazan by anti-Soviet troops.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Historiographical estimates


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Initially, contemporaries who held different political views called the event that took place in Yaroslavl a “uprising” [10].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

But in the 1930s. In the 20th century, this word was replaced by the label concept of “rebellion”, which for decades prevailed supreme in Soviet historiography [11].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

However, in emigrant literature, the old concept of “uprising” continued to exist [12].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

This duality was noticed by E.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A. Yermolin and V. N. Kozlyakov said.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

As historians noted, the reason for this shift in emphasis in the name of the events in Yaroslavl was the ideological content of the concepts of “uprising” and “rebellion”.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

While Soviet historians gave the “uprising” the status of inevitability and objectivity, which in the context of Marxist methodology was positive, the concept of “rebellion” was associated with anarchy, whim, arbitrariness, lawlessness of the actions held [13].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Insisting on an emigrant interpretation of the events in Yaroslavl, E.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A. Yermolin and V. N. Kozlyakov noted two signs that, in their opinion, make it possible to characterize these events as a large-scale popular uprising against the Bolsheviks [14]:


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

1. In the first half of 1918, there was still a strong common belief in the illegality and temporality of the Bolshevik power, which influenced the motives for the actions of the rebels.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The moral and legal right to oppose the usurpers of power was on the side of the rebels, who sought to preserve legal and cultural continuity with pre-Bolshevik times and restored former authorities.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The Yaroslavl uprising did not have a narrowly partisan, sectarian nature.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

2. The role of conspiratorial officers from the Savinka organization of the Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom was significant only at the first moment of the beginning of the movement.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Later, many residents of the city were under the banner of the rebels, so the element of events significantly changed the original goals.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The aftermath of the


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Casualties


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The Soviet side


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The rebels arrested more than 200 communists and employees of Soviet institutions; the chairman of the regional executive committee S. M. Nakhimson, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the City Council D. S. Zackheim were killed, and several dozen Soviet workers were interned on the so-called.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

“death barge” anchored in the middle of the Volga [15].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

When the prisoners tried to leave the barge, they were shot, but on the 13th day they managed to unanchor and the barge sailed to the location of the Red Army troops (by this time 109 people remained alive on board) [16].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The Pravda newspaper called for revenge by publishing the following appeal on July 14, 1918, that is, long before the Bolsheviks officially announced the red terror [17]: They were killed by rebels in Yaroslavl Dobrokhotov White Guards... Zakgeim... Nakhimson... The most persistent, experienced fighters of the proletarian army were killed... Comrades Yaroslavl residents!


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

We are waiting for an answer from you: how many hundreds of reptiles and parasites have you killed during these three precious lives of our friends?


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A pop, an officer, a banker, a manufacturer, a monk, a merchant's son — it doesn't matter.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Neither a cassock, nor a uniform, nor a diploma can be their protection.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

No mercy for the White Guards!


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The number of Red Army soldiers who died in the suppression of the uprising is unknown.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

YU.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

S. Guzarsky, who led the suppression of the uprising, was arrested in 1919 and executed for disobeying orders.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In 1958, a monument to the victims of the White Guard rebellion was erected on Sovetskaya Square in Yaroslavl.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Anti-Bolshevik forces


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

About 600 rebels were killed during the fighting.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

After the capture of Yaroslavl on July 21, 1918, mass terror began in the city - a massacre against the rebels and residents of the city: on the very first day after the end of the uprising, 428 transferred by Balk were shot people (including the entire headquarters of the rebels was shot - 57 people [18]), mainly officers, students, cadets, lyceum students.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The number of those who were arbitrarily executed in the first hours after the suppression of the uprising will never be known.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Thus, it can be argued that, with the exception of the hundred rebels who managed to escape from the besieged city, almost all those who took part in the uprising were killed [2].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The executions continued later: in September, the Soviet press recorded more than 60 cases of execution of participants in the uprising [18].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In total, in the Yaroslavl province from March to November 1918, according to far from complete data by S. P. Melgunov, the Bolshevik authorities shot 5004 people [19].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Material damage


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

D. i. n. IN. WELL. Tsvetkov described the bombing of Yaroslavl as “barbaric” and “unjustified” [2].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

City destruction


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

During the city battles, the city suffered significant material damage.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Twenty factories and plants burned down, including a tobacco and match factory, 4 felt factories, a sawmill, a lead-white plant, a mechanical plant, etc.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Artillery fire and bombing destroyed 2,147 houses (28,000 residents were left homeless) and destroyed: the Demidov Law Lyceum with its famous library, part of the shopping arcades, dozens temples and churches, 67 government, medical and cultural buildings.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A. AND. Malygin.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The fire of Yaroslavl in July 1918 (fragment).


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

1928 year.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Nikola Rublenyi Church after the uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The General Post Office (now a military hospital) and the Church of the Savior in the City after the uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Church of the Intercession of Our Lady on Borisoglebskaya Street after the Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Assumption Cathedral after the uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Destruction of the museum historical heritage of Russia


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In the summer of 1918, Yaroslavl hosted the collections of the Petrograd Artillery Historical Museum (AIM), the largest museum of the Russian army, which stored military and artistic valuables related with the history of all branches of the Russian ground forces.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The Provisional Government ordered the evacuation of AIM.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

It is believed that one of the reasons for the evacuation was bronze, from which the old guns were made, a strategic metal for which Germany was in dire need.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Yaroslavl was chosen as the temporary location of the museum.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

On September 25, 1917, three barges loaded with the most valuable guns, other exhibits and archives sailed from Petrograd, accompanied by Warrant Officer Kuryshev and three gunners of the 1st Heavy Artillery brigades that selflessly tried to preserve funds from all military and revolutionary cataclysms.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In July 1918, the area of the Spassky Monastery, where museum property was stored, became a battlefield, and 55 boxes with banners and weapons completely burned down in the fire: a total of about 2,000 banners (including including valuable, Streltsy), all trophies collected during the First World War, 300 copies of ancient firearms and cold weapons.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

54 valuable guns were damaged on the barges, the archives of the 2nd half of the 18th century and partially of the 1st half of the 19th century died in the water.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

During the uprising, as a result of a fire in the printing house, the manuscript of the last book of the major Russian sociologist and legal scholar, academician B.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A. Kistyakovsky “Law and Legal Sciences”.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In Yaroslavl, many materials of B.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A. Vilkitsky in 1911-1916, who studied the possibility of laying the Northern Sea Route off the coast of Taimyr (the expedition discovered the Vilkitsky Strait, the Land of Emperor Nicholas II (renamed Severnaya Zemlya), Tsarevich Alexei Island (Maly Taimyr Island), A. AND. Vilkitsky and others.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

) Subsequent expeditions of polar explorers used the surviving maps and pilots of the Vilkitsky expedition in the thirties of the XX century.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In the fire of the fire, materials on the treatment of A. S. Pushkin after being wounded in a duel with Dantes, kept in the Zhuravsky family, descendants of V. AND. Dalia, in whose arms the poet died.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Reflection in literature, art, journalism


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Emigrant writer L. F. Zurov wrote the novel “Cadet” (Riga, 1928), which combines personal experience of participating in the white movement using information received from direct participants in the Yaroslavl Uprising.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The hero of the story, cadet Mitya Solomin leaves the burned estate and goes to Yaroslavl, where, together with other students of the local cadet corps, he takes part in an armed uprising against the Bolshevik authorities.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Soviet novelist A. AND. Panteleev, who witnessed the events, reflected his impressions in the story “Lyonka Panteleyev” (1938, 1952), described in detail the life of citizens during the uprising.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In the memoirs of V. A. Kaverina o Yu.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

N. Tynyanov “Friend of Youth and All Life”, the author notes that the thesis about Kuchelbecker of a student of Petrograd University, future outstanding literary critic and novelist Yuri Tynyanov burned down during uprising along with a library that he had been collecting since his high school years.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Robert Stilmark's novel “Volga Snowstorm” (another name is “Passenger of the Last Flight”, the first publication is the magazine “Vokrug Sveta”, 1974).


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Alexei Tolstoy's novel “Hozhdenie po Mukam” gives an artistic version of the uprising.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The uprising is told by N. Chukovsky in the novel “Yaroslavl”.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The image of the uprising was created in the 1920s by Yaroslavl artist Alexander Ivanovich Malygin in a series of popular stylizations.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

memento


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In the summer of 1918, a solemn funeral of prominent representatives of the Bolshevik Party who died during the rebellion took place in Demidov Square.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In 1919, a wooden rotunda monument designed by architect Konstantinovich was erected on their grave.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In 1958, the dilapidated wooden monument was replaced by a granite monument with bronze and stucco details, designed by architects M. F. Egorenkova and A. K. Kozlova.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In Yaroslavl, a number of streets of the city are named after the Bolsheviks who died during the uprising: ul. Nakhimson Str. Zackheim.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Several streets bear the name of the red commanders who participated in its suppression: ul. Gromov, Dobrokhotov passage.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In 2017, a group of deputies of the Yaroslavl Regional Duma prepared a bill according to which it was proposed to make the day of the beginning of the uprising, July 6, a memorable date for the Yaroslavl Region.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The draft law was not approved by the relevant committee and returned for revision.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

In 2018, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the rebellion, no significant commemorative events organized by the authorities took place in Yaroslavl.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

The main role in this was assumed by public activists.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Thus, blogger Andrey Alekseev, director Maria Sandler and historian Timofey Grigoryuk presented a chronicle of events in the format of a video blog.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

[22] Historian Evgeny Solovyov published the book “Shot Yaroslavl”, which examines in detail the course of the dramatic events on the Volga, analyzes its causes and consequences.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

[23] The public organization “Youth Council of the City of Yaroslavl” released a game in which participants experience the days of the uprising, looking at it through the eyes of participants on different sides of the front.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

See also


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Izhevsk-Votkinsk Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Tambov Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Slutsk uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Peasant uprising in Medynsky Uyezd of Kaluga Province


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Literature


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Sixteen days.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Materials on the history of the Yaroslavl White Guard rebellion (July 6—21, 1918).


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

— Yaroslavl, 1924.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Genkin L. B.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Yaroslavl workers during the Civil War and intervention.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

— Yaroslavl, 1958.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Balashov R. IN. The flame over the Volga (liquidation of the White Guard rebellion in Yaroslavl in the summer of 1918).


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

— Yaroslavl, 1984.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

: Politizdat, 1989.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Perkhurov A. P. Confession of the sentenced [story of the leader of the White Guard rebellion in Yaroslavl].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

— Rybinsk, 1990.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

— page 37


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Yaroslavl Uprising.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

July 1918.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

/“Posev” magazine — special issue for 1998


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

: “Lan”, 2001


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Yaroslavl Uprising.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

E.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A. Yermolin V. N. Kozlyakov said.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

—: MFD: Continent, 2007.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

— (Russia. 20th century. Documents).


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Outside the windows of Ivanov's house.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Pages of Yaroslavl history [collection].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Comp.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

and auth. predisl.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A. M. Rutman G. G. Mozgov.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Yaroslavl: Publisher Alexander Rutman, 2008.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Yermolin Ye.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Kidyarov A. E.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

//Scientific Bulletin of Belgorod State University, Vol. 7, Issue 14, — 2010.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Solovyov Ye.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

A. Shot Yaroslavl: Historical panorama of the tragedy of the city on the Volga, July 1918 [To the 100th anniversary of the Yaroslavl Uprising].


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

— Yaroslavl: Academy 76, 2018.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

— 687 p. — ISBN 978-5-906040-48-0.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

References


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Yaroslavl ruins, shooting in 1918 —,


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Documentary “Civil War. Forgotten Battles”: (TV Center, L. Mlechin)


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

//Tape.


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Ru, July 5, 2018


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Notes


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Category:Uprisings during the Russian Civil War


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Category:History of Yaroslavl


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Category:Yaroslavl Province


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Category: 1918 in Russia


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Category:Red Terror


Question: When did the Yaroslavl Uprising begin?

Yaroslavl Uprising

Category:Union for the Defense of the Motherland


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Lung cancer (bronchogenic cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma) is a malignant neoplasm of the lung that originates from the epithelial tissue of the bronchi of various calibers.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Depending on the place of appearance, it is divided into central, peripheral and massive (mixed).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

epidemiology


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Lung cancer is a serious medical and social problem, in developed countries it is the most common malignant tumor and is the most common cause of death from oncological pathology.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, about 1 million new cases of lung cancer are reported annually in the world, and 60% of cancer patients die as a result of this diseases.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In Russia, lung cancer also ranks 1st among oncological diseases and its share in this pathology is 12%, in 15% of cases, deceased cancer patients were diagnosed with lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Men suffer from lung cancer much more often, one in four malignant tumors in men is lung cancer, while in women only one in 12.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

According to 2000 data, lung cancer caused the death of 32% of men, and 7.2% of women who were diagnosed with any malignant neoplasms.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Etiology


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The main causes of any cancer include carcinogens (for example, tobacco smoke), ionizing radiation, and viral infection.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Their effect causes cumulative changes in DNA in the lining tissue of the bronchi of the lung (bronchial epithelium).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The more tissue is damaged, the higher the risk of cancer [2].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Tobacco smoking


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Tobacco smoking is currently the leading cause of lung cancer [3].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Compared to non-smokers, smokers are about 20 times more likely to develop lung cancer [4].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Cigarette smoke contains more than 60 known carcinogens, [5] including radon radioisotopes, nitrosamine and benzpyrene.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In addition, it is believed that nicotine suppresses the immune system, which contributes to malignancy of tissues [6].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In developed countries, almost 90% of cases of deadly lung cancer are caused by smoking [7].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Among men who smoke, the lifelong risk of developing lung cancer is 17.2%, among women smokers it is 11.6%.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

This risk is significantly lower for non-smokers: 1.3% for men and 1.4% for women [8].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Women who smoke and receive hormone therapy have a much higher risk of dying from lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

A 2009 study showed that women who take hormones were 60% more likely to die from lung cancer than women taking placebo.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Among women who smoked (former and current smokers), 3.4% of them who took hormones died of lung cancer, compared to 2.3% of women who took placebo [9].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

With the experience of smoking tobacco, the likelihood of developing lung cancer in humans increases.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

If a person stops smoking, this likelihood is steadily reduced, as damaged lungs are restored and contaminants are gradually removed [10].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In addition, there is evidence that lung cancer in never smokers has a better prognosis than smokers [11], and therefore patients who smoke at the time of diagnosis have a lower prognosis survivability than those who quit smoking a long time ago [12].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Secondhand smoke (inhalation of tobacco smoke from another smoker) is one of the causes of lung cancer in non-smokers.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Studies in the US [13], Europe [14], the UK [15], and Australia [16] have shown a significant increase in relative risk among those exposed to second-hand smoke.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Recent studies have shown that smoke exhaled by a smoker is more dangerous than inhaling it directly from a cigarette [17].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

10-15% of lung cancer patients have never smoked [18].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

radon


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Radon is a colorless and odorless gas formed during the decay of radioactive radium, which in turn is the product of the decay of uranium present in the Earth's crust.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Radioactive radiation can damage genetic material, causing mutations that sometimes lead to malignant tumors.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Radon exposure is the second cause of lung cancer in the general population, after smoking [19] with an increase in risk from 8% to 16% for every 100 Bq/m³ increase in radon concentration [20].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The concentration of radon in the atmosphere depends on the location and composition of the main soil and rock species.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

For example, in areas such as Cornwall in the UK (where granite is available), radon is a big problem, and buildings must be well ventilated to reduce radon concentrations.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Asbestosis


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Asbestos can cause a variety of lung diseases, including lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Tobacco smoking and asbestosis have a mutually reinforcing effect on lung cancer [21].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Asbestosis can also cause pleural cancer called mesothelioma (which should be differentiated from lung cancer).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Viruses


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Viruses are known to cause lung cancer in animals [22] [23], and recent evidence suggests that it can cause it in humans.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Such viruses include human papillomavirus [24], JC virus [25], monkey virus 40 (SV40), BK virus and cytomegalovirus [26].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

These viruses can influence the cell cycle and suppress apoptosis, promoting uncontrolled cell division.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Dust particles


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Studies by the American Cancer Society have found a direct link between exposure to dust particles and lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

For example, if the concentration of dust in the air increases by only 1%, the risk of developing lung cancer increases by 14% [27] [28].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In addition, it has been found that the size of dust particles is important, since ultrafine particles are able to penetrate into the deeper layers of the lung [29].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Classification of lung cancer by stage


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

According to the domestic classification, lung cancer is divided into the following stages:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Stage I is a tumor up to 3 cm in the largest dimension, located in one segment of the lung or within the segmental bronchus.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

There are no metastases.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Stage II is a tumor up to 6 cm in the largest dimension, located in one segment of the lung or within the segmental bronchus.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

There are single metastases in the pulmonary and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Stage III - a tumor larger than 6 cm with a transition to the adjacent lobe of the lung or the germination of the adjacent bronchus or main bronchus.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Metastases are found in bifurcation, tracheobronchial, paratracheal lymph nodes.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Stage IV - the tumor extends beyond the lung with spread to neighboring organs and extensive local and distant metastases, pleurisy and/or pericarditis joins.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

According to the TNM classification, tumors are determined by:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

T is the primary tumor:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Tx — insufficient data to assess the primary tumor or tumor cells were found only in sputum or bronchial wash water, but were not detected by bronchoscopy and/or other methods


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

T0 — primary tumor is not detected


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

This is a non-invasive cancer (carcinoma in situ)


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Tl is a tumor up to 3 cm in the largest dimension, surrounded by lung tissue or visceral pleura without germination proximal to the lobar bronchus during bronchoscopy (the main bronchus is not affected)


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

T2 is a tumor larger than 3 cm in the largest dimension or a tumor of any size that germinates the visceral pleura, or is accompanied by atelectasis, or obstructive pneumonia that spreads to the root lung, but does not capture the entire lung; According to bronchoscopy, the proximal edge of the tumor is located at least 2 cm from the karina.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

TK is a tumor of any size that passes to the chest wall (including a tumor of the upper sulcus), diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, pericardium; a tumor that does not reach karina by less than 2 cm, but without involvement of karina, or a tumor with concomitant atelectasis or obstructive pneumonia of the entire lung.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

T4 is a tumor of any size directly passing to the mediastinum, heart, large vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral bodies, karina (individual tumor nodes in the same lobe or a tumor with malignant pleural effusion)


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

N — regional lymph nodes


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Nx — insufficient data to assess the condition of regional lymph nodes


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

N0 — no signs of metastatic lesions of regional lymph nodes


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

N1 - there is a lesion of the peribronchial and/or lymph nodes of the lung root on the affected side, including the direct spread of the tumor to the lymph nodes.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

N2 - there is a lesion of the mediastinal lymph nodes on the side of the lesion or bifurcation lymph nodes.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

N3 - lesion of the mediastinal lymph nodes or lung root on the opposite side: pinched or supraclavicular nodes on the affected side or on the opposite side


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

M — distant metastases


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Mx — insufficient data to determine distant metastases


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

M0 — no signs of distant metastases


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

M1 — there are signs of distant metastases, including individual tumor nodes in another lobe


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

M1a - intratoracic metastases, individual tumor nodes in the contralateral, opposite lung.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The tumor is large, but localized in the organs of the chest cavity.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

M1b — extratoracic metastases, metastatic tumors outside the chest cavity - in the brain, liver, bones, kidneys, adrenal glands.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

G — histopathological graduation


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Gx — the degree of cell differentiation cannot be assessed


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

G1 — high degree of differentiation


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

G2 — moderate degree of differentiation


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

G3 is a low-grade tumor


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

G4 — undifferentiated tumor


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Histological classification of lung cancer


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

According to the histological classification, lung cancer is divided into the following types:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

I.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Squamous cell (epidermoid) cancer


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

a) highly differentiated


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

b) moderately differentiated


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

c) poorly differentiated


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

II.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Small cell carcinoma


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

a) oatmeal, spindle cell


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

b) pleomorphic


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

III.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Adenocarcinoma


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

a) highly differentiated


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

b) moderately differentiated


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

c) poorly differentiated


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

d) bronchoalveolar


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

IV.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Large cell carcinoma


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

a) giant cell


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

b) clear cell


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

V. Mixed cancer


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

squamous cell and adenocarcinoma


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

adenocarcinoma and small cell, etc.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The histological characteristics of lung cancer are quite arbitrary, since the clinical course can vary greatly even for tumors with the same structure.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is the slowest growing; undifferentiated cancers are characterized by a rapid course with extensive metastasis.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer is one of the most malignant tumors.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

It has a short history, latent and rapid course, early metastasis, poor prognosis.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Metastasis


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Lung cancer metastasizes in three ways: lymphogenous, hematogenous and implantation.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The first path is most characteristic - to nearby pulmonary, bronchopulmonary, bifurcation, tracheobronchial, paratracheal, periesophageal (paraesophageal) lymph nodes.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

At the first stage of lymphogenous metastasis, pulmonary lymph nodes are affected at the site of division of the lobar bronchus into segmental ones.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Further, the process extends to bronchopulmonary lymph nodes along the lobar bronchi.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In the third stage, metastases occur in the root lymph nodes along the main bronchus and vessels of the lung root, upper and lower tracheobronchial lymph nodes and lymph nodes near the lower wall of the unpaired vein.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

At the fourth stage, paratracheal, retrocaval, pre-ortocarotid, pericardial, paraesophageal lymph nodes are involved in the process.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The fifth is above/subclavian lymph nodes.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Hematogenous metastasis joins when the tumor germinates blood vessels - to the liver, lungs, kidneys, bone, brain and adrenal glands.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

When the pleura germinates, it is possible to transfer tumor cells along the pleura.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Clinical picture


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The clinical manifestations of lung cancer are significantly dependent on the location of the primary tumor node.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Central lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

A tumor originating from the mucous membrane of the large bronchus manifests itself quite early.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

With its growth, it irritates the bronchial mucosa, causes a violation of bronchial patency and ventilation of the segment, lobe or entire lung in the form of hypoventilation and atelectasis.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Subsequently, germinating nerve trunks and pleura, the tumor causes pain syndrome and impaired innervation of the corresponding nerve (phrenic, recurrent or vagus), as well as a picture of involvement pleura into the tumor process.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Joining metastasis leads to the appearance of secondary symptoms from the affected organs and systems.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

When the tumor grows into the bronchus, a cough appears, first dry, then with light sputum, sometimes mixed with blood.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

There is hypoventilation of the lung segment and then its atelectasis.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Sputum becomes purulent, which is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, general malaise, shortness of breath.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Cancer pneumonia joins, which is relatively easy to cure, but often recurs.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Cancerous pleurisy, accompanied by pain syndrome, can join cancer pneumonia.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

If the tumor sprouts the recurrent nerve, hoarseness joins due to paralysis of the vocal muscles.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The defeat of the phrenic nerve causes paralysis of the diaphragm.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Pericardial germination is manifested by pain in the heart.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The defeat of the tumor or its metastases of the superior vena cava causes a violation of the outflow of blood and lymph from the upper half of the trunk, upper extremities, head and neck.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The patient's face becomes puffy, with a cyanotic tinge, the veins on the neck, arms swell,


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

thorax.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Peripheral lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The peripheral tumor in the initial stage is asymptomatic due to the absence of pain endings in the lung tissue.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In the future, the tumor node increases, the bronchi, pleura and neighboring organs germinate; subsequently, decay and bleeding may occur in the center of the tumor.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In lung cancer, the following local symptoms may occur: cough, sputum discharge, hoarseness, tumor compression syndrome of the superior vena cava and mediastinal displacement, symptoms tumor germination of neighboring organs.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

A particularly characteristic clinical picture, due to localization, is cancer of the apex of the lung with Pancosta syndrome.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

With cancerous pleurisy, the syndrome of squeezing the lung with exudate joins.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Common symptoms include a general deterioration in the body's condition, characteristic of the development of malignant tumors: intoxication, shortness of breath, weakness, weight loss, fever.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

For lung cancer, calcium metabolism disorders, dermatitis and drumstick deformity of the fingers are also added.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In advanced stages, symptoms of metastatic damage to vital organs join, as well as the processes of decay of the tumor and lung tissue, bronchial tissue that join tumor growth obstruction, atelectasis, severe pulmonary bleeding.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Diagnostics


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Clinical examination


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

During a clinical examination, the external symptoms of lung cancer development are determined:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Primary early symptoms (cough, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, and chest pain)


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Secondary, later symptoms due to complications during tumor development (inflammatory processes, germination of neighboring organs, metastases)


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Common symptoms characteristic of the effect of malignant tumors on the body (general weakness, fatigue, decreased performance, etc.)


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

X-ray diagnostics


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

X-ray examination is one of the main methods for diagnosing lung tumors and allows timely detection of it in 80% of patients.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Fluorography is used as a screening method, which is usually performed during preventive medical examinations.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

If changes are detected (solitary pulmonary node, atelectasis, etc.) on a fluorogram or in the presence of clinical indications, radiography in two projections and computed tomography are used.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In addition, computed tomography is the most informative method for diagnosing metastases in other organs.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Bronchoscopy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Bronchoscopy allows you to visually examine the trachea, main, lobar, segmental, subsegmental bronchi and, in some cases, bronchi of the 6th, 7th or more orders.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

At the same time, it is possible to see the tumor directly and biopsy it.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Bronchoscopy is considered mandatory if lung cancer is suspected.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Transthoracic biopsy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Transthoracic puncture biopsy is used when it is impossible to perform other methods (bronchoscopy, bronchial catheterization, sputum analysis).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Indications for its conduct are:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

rounded formation in any area of the lung


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

suspected metastasis in a lung tumor with a different location


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

multiple intrapulmonary globular shadows


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In transthoracic puncture, a chest puncture is performed, a sample is taken directly from the tumor and the cells are examined under a microscope.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

This diagnostic method makes it possible to confirm the diagnosis in a significant number of patients (62-87% of cases, depending on the location of the tumor).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The most common complication (up to 50%) of this procedure is closed pneumothorax, which requires drainage of the pleural cavity.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Ultrasound diagnostics


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Ultrasound examination is an effective method for detecting the ingrowth of a malignant tumor into the wall structure, large-scale darkening of the lung tissue (due to its compaction, pleural effusion, etc. .), and through the airless lung tissue, it is possible to see the tumor node directly.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Such diagnostics are safe, simple and relatively inexpensive.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

It allows you to determine the tumor damage to the mediastinal organs: the superior vena cava, pericardium and heart chambers, right and left pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta, esophagus, left atrium, and the degree of applicability of surgical treatment of the tumor.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Tumor markers


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The currently studied lung cancer markers do not show significant specificity.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The prognostic significance of many of them is controversial and mainly reflects differences in research methodology, patient groups and interpretations.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is the preferred tumor marker for small cell lung cancer, and no specific marker has been found for non-small cell neoplasia variants.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Pulmonary carcinoma markers are divided into 2 groups - circulating (serological) and tissue (thyssyunal).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Most circulating markers have no predictive or predictive value.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

On the contrary, tissue markers can reflect the genotype of the tumor and combined with other characteristics (age, gender, race, weight loss, fulfillment status, comorbidities, social factors) can influence the choice of treatment regimen.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Circulating markers for small cell tumors include cancer embryonic antigen (CEA), small cell carcinoma and cytokeratins (including CYFRA 21-1), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), Ca 15-3, for non-small cell tumors — NSE and chromogranin A (CgA).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The most popular clinical use of circulating lung cancer markers is to monitor the disease.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

CgA, along with controlling the course of the disease during treatment, can be useful for predicting the likelihood of relapse [33].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Circulating markers for small cell carcinomas represent a larger group and their specificity and prognostic value are much higher.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

EA and Cyfra 21-1 are the most sensitive markers for non-small cell neoplasias.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Cyfra 21-1 serological levels are highest for squamous cell carcinoma, metastatic lung cancer, and poor performance status.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Tissue tumor biomarkers are potentially used to change treatment regimens for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Along with other factors, they are an important element of personalized treatment.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

No biomarkers with reliable predictive or prognostic values were found for non-small cell carcinoma [33].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

KRAS mutations are usually associated with a negative outlook.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The prognostic value of ERCC1 (Excision repair cross-complementing-1) is controversial, but the International Adjuvant Lung Trial (IALT) showed an extended survival period of patients with ERCC1-negative tumors after adjuvant chemotherapy.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Expression signatures of certain genes have prognostic value, although the data reported are extremely heterogeneous.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The most cited ones include a signature of 5 genes — DUSP6 (b <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[37313,37341,2,2]}'>specific phosphatase 6), MMD (differentiation of monocytes into macrophage-associated protein), STAT1 (signal transducer and transcription activator 1), ERBB3 (v-erb b2 homologue of avian erythroblastic leukemia oncogene 3) and LCK (tyrosine kinase lymphocyte specific protein) in the most reliable prognostic genes in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The BRAC1 gene expression pattern seems to predict survival at resected stage I.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Somatic activating mutations in EGFR tyrosine kinase domains (exons 18-21) are an important molecular determinant of the clinical response to treatment with tyrosine kinase ingitors, Gefitinib or Yerlotinib.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

RRM1 is a molecular target for gemcitabine and is a component of ribonucleotide reductase required for the production of deoxynucleotides.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

RRM1 protein levels in tumor samples predict a clinical response to therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and treated with gemcitabine [33].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Evaluation of the mutation status of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In the case of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, when an EGFR mutation is detected, the effectiveness of targeted therapy based on EGFR inhibitors increases significantly.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Before prescribing drugs (gefitinib, erlotinib), molecular genetic diagnostics are performed to detect receptor mutations.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In 2012-2013, Russia operated the Molecular Genetic Diagnostics Program of the Russian Society of Chemotherapists Oncologists, under which mutation tests were performed for all patients free of charge [ 34].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Currently, 22 laboratories are operating as part of the program to improve molecular genetic diagnostics of the Russian Society of Clinical Oncology.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Patients receive testing free of charge when referred by a doctor [35].


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Treatments


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Surgical treatment


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Surgery is divided into:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

radical


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

conditionally radical


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

palliative


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

During a radical operation, the entire tumor complex is removed: the primary focus, regional lymph nodes, fiber with metastasis pathways.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The most common operations are lobectomy (removal of one lobe of the lung), bilobectomy only for the right lung (resection of two lobes of the lung), pulmonectomy - removal of the entire lung.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Extended and combined pulmonectomies - complete removal of the lung with resection of lymph nodes of different groups and removal of neighboring organs that have sprouted with a tumor, respectively.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

At stages 1 and 2, a lobectomy is performed.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

At stage 3A, pulmonectomy is usually performed.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Radiation and drug therapy is added to the conditionally radical operation.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

It should also be borne in mind that part of the primary tumor tissue and metastases can sometimes not be surgically removed due to the threat of bleeding or decay processes in atelectasis.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Contraindications to radical surgery are:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

non-resectability is the spread of a tumor to neighboring tissues and organs, in which it is technically impossible to radically remove the tumor.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

inexpediency due to the presence of distant metastases.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

dysfunction of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

decompensated diseases of internal organs


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Surgical removal of the tumor is often accompanied by extensive removal of root, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, mediastinal fiber and lymph nodes, resection of the chest wall, pericardium, diaphragm, bifurcations trachea, atrium, great vessels (aorta, superior vena cava), the muscular wall of the esophagus and other tissues that have sprouted with a tumor.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Radiotherapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Radiation treatment for lung cancer is performed in the postoperative period on the tumor bed and the regional lymph flow path.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In case of inoperable forms of cancer, if the patient refuses surgical treatment or if there are serious contraindications to surgery, radiation therapy can be performed as independent method of treatment.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Radiation therapy is used for both radical and palliative treatment.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In radical radiation treatment, both the tumor itself and the zones of regional metastasis, that is, the lung root, mediastinum, regional lymph flow zones, are exposed to radiation with a total dose of 50-70 Gy.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In recent years, the possibilities of radiation therapy have expanded with the use of stereotactic radiation therapy of the body with synchronization with the patient's breathing.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Some modern medical accelerators and CyberKnife have such capabilities.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

With this approach, the achieved irradiation accuracy is about one to three millimeters, which makes it possible to supply ablative doses of radiation to the focus, but does not require surgical access and anesthesia.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

This method of irradiation is most in demand for single lung metastases and for inoperable primary lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Chemotherapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In non-small cell lung cancer, chemotherapy is performed if there are contraindications to surgical and radiation treatment.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The following drugs are prescribed: doxorubicin, cisplatin, vincristine, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, bleomycin, nitrosourea, vinorelbin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, etc.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

, used in courses at intervals of 3-4 weeks (up to 6-7 courses).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In small cell lung cancer, chemotherapy as part of a complex with radiation therapy is the most effective treatment.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The drugs are the same as for non-small cell lung cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Contraindication to RL chemotherapy: the patient's serious condition.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

A partial decrease in the size of the primary tumor and metastases is not observed in all patients, the complete disappearance of the malignant neoplasm is rare.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Chemotherapy for distant metastases does not lead to a cure (palliative chemotherapy), it only reduces the severity of the manifestations of the disease, and slightly increases life expectancy.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Lung cancer treatments also include:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Photodynamic therapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Chemoembolization


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Radioembolization


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Brachytherapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Cryodestruction


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Laser coagulation


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Radiofrequency ablation


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Biotherapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Immunotherapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Targeted therapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a drug (durvalumab) to reduce the risk of cancer progression in patients with inoperable non-small cell carcinoma lung (NSCLC) of the third stage, whose disease progresses after chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Durvalumab is able to suppress programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1) and stimulate the immune system.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

It was previously registered by the FDA for use in patients with bladder cancer.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

According to the results of a PACIFIC clinical trial involving 173 patients, durvalumab increased progression-free survival rate compared to placebo to 16.8 months (in for the placebo group, this figure was 5.6 months).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The frequency of an objective response when using durvalumab and placebo was 28.4% and 16.0%, respectively.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Monoclonal antibodies


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Pembrolizumab is an immuno-oncological drug, is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction of PD-1 receptors on T-lymphocytes of the immune system and PD-L1 and PD-L2 ligands on a tumor cell.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Thus, the drug reactivates the ability of the body's immune system to fight malignant neoplasm.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

[37] Pembrolizumab is included in the government-approved list of essential and essential drugs (Vital and Essential Drugs) for 2018.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The drug was developed by MSD and was first registered in Russia in November 2016.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Currently, it is approved for use in the country for three indications: for the treatment of adult patients with inoperable or metastatic melanoma, as a first-line therapy metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a high level of PD-L1 expression (≥ 50%), as well as patients with metastatic NSCLC who have confirmed PD-L1 expression by tumor cells and progression of the disease is observed during or after platinum therapy.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

[38] Pembrolizumab monotherapy prolongs overall survival in previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer compared to chemotherapy.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

[39] [40]


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

According to the results of the ImPower132 phase III study, the addition of atezolizumab to first-line therapy with pemetrexed and chemotherapy drugs reduces the risk of disease progression or deaths in patients with non-squamous NSCLC.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The risk of disease progression was reduced by approximately 40%.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

There was also an improvement in overall survival at 4.5 months, but statistical significance has not yet been achieved.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

ImPower132 is an open randomized trial that evaluates the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab in combination with chemotherapy (cisplatin or carboplatin and pemetrexed) in compared to chemotherapy without atezolizumab in NSCLC patients who have not previously received chemotherapy.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The study included 568 people.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Palliative care


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Palliative treatment for lung cancer is used when the possibilities for anticancer treatment are limited or exhausted.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Such treatment is aimed at improving the quality of life (reducing the severity of symptoms) and increasing the life expectancy of incurable patients and includes:


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

analgesia


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

oxygen therapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

symptomatic therapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

psychological help


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

blood transfusion


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

fighting anemia


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

detoxification


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

palliative radiation therapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

palliative chemotherapy


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

palliative surgery (tracheostomy, gastrostomy, enterostomy, nephrostomy, etc.)


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Palliative care for lung cancer is used to combat shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis, and pain.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Pneumonia and pneumonitis that join the tumor process, which occur during radiation and chemotherapy, are being treated.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Palliative treatment methods are largely individual and depend on the patient's condition.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Prediction


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

In the case of untreated lung cancer, 87% of patients die within 2 years of diagnosis.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

When using the surgical method, it is possible to achieve a 30% survival rate of patients for 5 years.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Early detection of the tumor improves the chances of a cure: at the T1N0M0 stage, it reaches 80%.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Joint surgical, radiation and drug treatment makes it possible to increase the 5-year survival rate by another 40%.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

The presence of metastases significantly worsens prognosis.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Notes


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Literature


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Translated from English.


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

N. D. Firsova (2017).


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

References


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Unknown parameter |deadlink= ignored (|dead-url= suggested) (help)


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Category:Lung diseases


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Category:Carcinomas


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Category:Malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system


Question: How many percent of lung cancer patients die?

Lung cancer

Category:Oncopulmonology


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Arwen Undomiel (Sindarin: Arwen Undómiel) is a character in the epic “The Lord of the Rings” by John R. R. Tolkien, daughter of Elrond, granddaughter of Galadriel.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Biography


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

In Sindarin, the name Arwen means “royal princess.”


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

According to another version, this name is of Quenian origin and means “noble” - “ar”, virgin - “wen”.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Arwen was so beautiful that many considered her the embodiment of Luthien Tinouviel; which is why she was nicknamed Undomiel (translated as Andomiel) — “Evening Star (of the Elven People)”.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Arwen is the daughter of Elrond and Celebrian, sister of Elladan and Elrohir.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

On his father's side, Arwen is the granddaughter of the navigator Arendil, son of Tuor from one of the ancient human houses, the house of Hador, and Elving, the daughter of Dior, son of Behren and Luthien, daughters of Tingola and Melian.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

On her mother's side, she is the granddaughter of Celeborn and Galadriel, daughter of Finarfin, that is, she belongs to the descendants of the Finve House.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

She is also a distant relative of Aragorn, the 39th descendant of Isildur, son of Elendil, heir to Elros, the first King Numenor and brother of Elrond, that is, Uncle Arwen.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Thus, Arwen is 1/32 mayar, 3/16 belongs to the genus Edine and 25/32 to Eldar, or rather, 1/32 mayar, 3/16 edine, 13/32 Sindar, 9/64 vaniar, 1/8 teleri, 7/64 noldor.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

I grew up in Lorien.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

In 2951, the Third Age returned to Rivendell and met Aragorn, who initially mistook her for Luthien who appeared to him.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Elrond, who learned about his feelings, advised Dunadan not to link fate with Arwen, because this would condemn Lord Imladris to a sorrowful separation from his daughter, because she would have to give up immortality, granted by the Eldar, and from the opportunity to sail to Valinor to visit his people, but then says that he would agree if Aragorn became King of Arnor and Gondor.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Twenty-nine years later, Arwen and Aragorn met again in Lorien, where Galadriel invited their granddaughter.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

At the same time, Arwen and Aragorn swore allegiance to each other:


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

On the eve of the summer solstice, Aragorn, son of Arathorn, and Arwen, daughter of Elrond, climbed the green hill of Kerin-Amroth... They looked from the top to the east, shaded, and to the sunset west.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

They swore to love each other, and they were happy.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Their union was blessed by Galadriel and silently accepted by Elrond.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

After the War of the Ring, Arwen married Aragorn and lived happily with him for 120 years, giving birth to King Gondor a son Eldarion and several daughters.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

After the death of her husband, she went to the deserted (after sailing beyond the Sea of the Elves) Lorien and lived there among the fading Mallyrns until she rested on Kerin Amrot, the hill on which she and Aragorn swore to love each other.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

The marriage of Arwen and Aragorn was the third and last known family union between Eldar and Edine in the history of Middle-earth.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Genealogy


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

In adaptations


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

In early versions of the Peter Jackson film adaptation script (when the film was supposed to fit into two films and was being produced by another company), Arwen fought at the Battle of Helmova Padi and brought Anduril's sword to Aragorn.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Some scenes of the fighting involving Arwen in Helm Pad had already been filmed when Jackson (together with Liv Tyler) decided to remove them from the script in its entirety [1].


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Tolkien on Film: Essays on Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings (Mythopoetic Press, 2005), Katie Acres-Jordan [2], Jane Chance [3], Victoria Gaidosik [4], and Maureen Tam [5] argues that the image of Arwen and other female characters in Jackson's film adaptation is thematically correct (or similar) to Tolkien's descriptions, although there are a number of differences.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

River Spell


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

In the film, Arwen takes the wounded Frodo to his father for salvation, crosses the river and, to repel his pursuers, casts a spell on Sindarin.


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Latin transliteration:


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Nen o Chithaeglir lasta peth daer; Rimmo nen Bruinen dan in Ulaer!


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Translated into Russian:


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

The waters of the Misty Mountains, hear the great word, direct the waters to the Ring Bearers!


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Reflection in culture


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

In the musical “The Lord of the Rings”, Arwen sings in the Prologue and also performs three musical numbers: Song of Hope (Song of Hope), Star of Earrendil (Star of Arendil) (with a choir in Sindarin) and Song of Hope Duet (Song of Hope as a Duet) (with Aragorn).


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Notes


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Literature


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Category:Tolkien legendarium characters


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Category:Middle-earth Half-Elves


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Category:Fictional queens


Question: What was Arvin's lover's name in The Lord of the Rings?

Arwen

Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Lubomirscy (Polish: Lubomirscy, Ukrainian: Lyubomirski) - Polish princely family of the coat of arms “Shrenyava”, dating back to the beginning of the 16th century.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

They come from the town of Lubomierz in Silesia, hence the name.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

At the end of the 16th century, they became rich on the management of salt factories, to which they were authorized by Stefan Batory, and received from the German emperor first count and then princely titles (the second in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Radziwills).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In the continuation of the XVII century, Lyubomirsky, thanks to marriage unions, passed extensive possessions of Ostrog and Konetspil in the Dniester basin.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The family split into several branches, Lancut, Rzeszow and Volyn, opened palaces in Warsaw, Lviv, Dubno and other cities.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In the XVIII century, the Lubomirskys began to aim for the Polish throne.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Family origin and coat of arms


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

There are two theories about family origins.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

According to the first of them, the authorship of Adam Bonetsky, Polish heraldry, functioned two branches of the family.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

One settled on the Shrenyava River in Proszowice County, the other in Szczyzhytsky.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The date of separation of the family is not known, but, most likely, this happened before the adoption of Christianity in Poland.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Shrenyavitov shared a common coat of arms, which means that they also had the same ancestors.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

During the reign of Mieszko I, family members showed valor in battles with the pagans.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

For this feat, they were awarded a knighthood and a coat of arms.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Druzina (Šrenyava without a cross) represents the S-shaped bends of the Srenjava River in white on a red field.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

With the motto Patriam Versus (Attentive to the Fatherland), it is used by members of the genus to this day [1].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The author of the second theory of the origin of the family is medievalist Vladislav Semkovich.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In the article “Druzhina and Shrenyava. Heraldic Research”, he writes that the family lived on the banks of the Szreniawa River in Szczyzyca County, that is, on the territory bounded by rivers: Raboja, Stradomka with the Trztinska River, Lososina and Krzywozeka.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Semkovich describes that at first there was the original ancestral territory of the Druzhinnites (ancestors Lyubomirsky, Verusky, Rupnevsky and Lyasotsky).


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The coat of arms does not represent the bends of the river, but “krzywasn”, that is, a curved rod — a sign of secular or episcopal power.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

This means that the family, for centuries before adopting its surname, performed important functions related to power [2].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The further history of the Shrenyavit or Druzhinnit family is closely connected with the court of rulers from the Piast dynasty.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

One of them was a canon at the Wawel court.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The persons using this coat of arms were in the closest environment of Boleslaw the Brave — in his personal squad, as mentioned by the most famous Polish chronicler Jan Dlugosz in the Annals or Chronicle of the Noble Kingdom of Poland”.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The oldest document concerning the Lyubomirskys dates back to the 11th century.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

This is a division of property entered in books in 1682 in Krakow.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The original has not been preserved to this day.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

There is only a mention in the Corona Metric in that year [3].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Regular members of the family held the posts of bishops [4], the main positions at the court of rulers from the Piast dynasty, expanded their estates by investing in land, mainly in Małopolska.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Jakub Lubomirsky served as a city clerk in the XIV century.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The fundamentals of economic power


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The founder of the Lyubomirsky family, which separated from the Shrenyavite family, is considered to be Peter (d. 1480), the heir to Lyubomierz, the town from which he took his surname.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The economic foundations of the family were built on the exploitation of salt in salt mines in the Krakow Voivodeship.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The mines were rented from the rulers of Poland.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Lubomirski also founded private mines in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The creator of economic power was Sebastian (c. 1546—1613), who in 1581 became the manager of the salt mines in Krakow.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

This was the first position in the capital held by a member of the family.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Sebastian used the support of Stefan Batory to occupy it.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Sebastian received the title of Count of Wisnic from Emperor Rudolf II in 1595, and in 1591 he became a member of the Senate as the head of Malogoszcz.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

He opened the private Kunegunda solo mine shaft in Serce, which had been in operation for about 100 years [4].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The money earned from the salt trade allowed Lyubomirsky to lend to even the richest people in the state.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

This, in turn, made it possible to purchase real estate or accept it from insolvent debtors.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Over many generations, the family has been increasing its economic position, increasing its wealth that it has possessed for centuries [5].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Residences


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

The earliest mention of Lyubomierz, a family city, dates back to 1398 [6].


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

Family estates, starting from Gdov and Szczyzhitsa, which were owned by the family as early as the 13th century, have grown significantly.


Question: The second after whom did the Lyubomirskys receive princely titles from the emperor?

Lyubomirskie

In the XVII and XVIII centuries, they covered, in particular, Lubomierz, Novy Wisnic, Bochnia, Wieliczka, Lancut, Baranov-Sandomirski, Pulawy, Rzeszow, Rivne, Tarnow, Jaroslaw, Przeworsk, Janowiec on the Vistula.