Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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The gameplay of first-person shooters can be built on alternating levels or on the reception of a “continuous” narrative, in which the virtual camera does not leave the first-person view.


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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[1] Another way to build the game world is to create a large-scale sandbox environment that is not divided into levels, but the character can move freely around it.


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[21] In the SPL, the protagonist can interact with the game world at different levels: from basic actions such as opening doors to solving various puzzles based on a variety of interactive objects.


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[1] Some games have varying degrees of destructible environments, the most typical way is to shoot barrels filled with explosive substances, the destruction of which causes harm nearby enemies.


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[19] In some games, you can get some effect by destroying the environment.


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[22] Different games are based on sci-fi, historical (in particular World War II) or modern army settings, while antagonists can be various aliens, monsters, terrorists, soldiers, etc. [23] The SPL usually has several levels of difficulty.


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The higher the difficulty level, the more health the enemies will have, the more aggressive their behavior will be, the more damage they will deal, while the number of bonuses for the player will be is limited.


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In general, at low difficulty, the player should rely on reaction, while high difficulty levels often require trial and error to determine how to complete the levels.


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Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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Multiplayer modes


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First-person shooters feature a co-op feature that takes place at special levels.


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In some games, only multiplayer mode has been developed, the single-user mode in such games, if present, is significantly limited, that is, the player does not compete with other players, but with computer-controlled opponents called bots [25]


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MMOFPS allows thousands of players to fight simultaneously in one permanent world.


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[26] In large-scale MMOFPS, there can be many units with their own leader in command, as well as a commander who oversees the overall strategy of the squad.


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[25] The style of individual matches can vary significantly from game to game.


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Classic co-op modes are Deathmatch (and its team variant), in which players receive points for killing other players' characters, as well as Capture the Flag, which has one team tries to infiltrate the enemy base, capture their flag and deliver them to their base while the opposing team does the same.


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In other modes, players must capture someone else's base or a certain area on the map, must hold some object as long as possible, dodging other players, there are Deathmatch options with a limit on the number of “lives” or players are fighting for some powerful bonus item.


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All of these modes can also be modified, allowing players to change weapons, health, and other bonuses located on the map, as well as the general conditions for winning.


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[27] In some games, the player can choose a character class, with each class having its own strengths and weaknesses, using special equipment, and playing a certain role in the team.


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Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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History


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Origins: the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s


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The oldest documented games in the genre are Maze War and Spasim.


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Maze War's gameplay was based on walking, which echoes modern games of the genre.


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Development of the game began in 1973, although the exact date of completion of development remains unknown.


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Spasim, according to available information, first appeared at the University of Illinois in 1974.


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The game was a rudimentary space simulator with a first-person view.


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[5] Unlike modern first-person shooters, older games had some restrictions, for example, related to the use of tile graphics, so that movement could only be carried out with a certain pitch, and the angle of rotation could only be in 90° increments.


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Spasim paved the way with a more detailed simulator and finally a tank simulator developed for army needs in the late 1970s.


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These games were not available to regular users.


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The first arcade game released to users in 1980 was Battlezone, a tank simulator.


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In 1983, this game was released on home computers, and became the first successful mass market game with a first-person view and wireframe 3D graphics, [28] using vector monitors schedules.


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Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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Early first-person shooters: 1987—1992


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One of the earliest first-person shooters, MIDI Maze, was released in 1987 on Atari ST computers.


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[30] The gameplay of the game was based on a maze, the character looked similar to Pac-Man, but from a three-dimensional perspective.


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[31] [32] The game was later ported to many systems, including Game Boy and SNES under the name Facebook 2000. [33] This version introduced the first Deathmatch mode via MIDI interface.


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[32] Although the game itself was quite typical, its multiplayer mode became iconic: 1UP.com called the game “the first multiplayer 3D shooter on a mass system” and the first “major an action game with online play.”


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Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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Ray casting technology, first used by id Software in Hovertank 3D in May 1991, made it possible to speed up the gameplay compared to vehicle simulators from the 1980s.


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[28] Released six months later, in November 1991, Catacomb 3D brought a new improvement: texture mapping.


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The next game to use this technology was Ultima Underworld, an Action/RPG game released in 1992 by Looking Glass Studios.


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This game not only had a first-person view, but also a more advanced graphics engine.


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John Romero, a developer at id Software, learned about this technology from a telephone conversation with Paul Newrat in October 1990.


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After Romero described the texturing technology to John Carmack, a programmer at id Software, he replied, “I can do this.”


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[34] And after reading an example of its use from Looking Glass, I decided to implement this technology in Catacomb 3D.


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[28] Another new feature of Catacomb 3D was the display of the protagonist's hand and his weapon (in this case, magic spells) on the screen, while previously the elements of the player's avatar were not displayed.


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[28] Experience with Ultima Underworld later allowed Looking Glass to create game series such as Thief and System Shock.


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Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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Popularity growth: 1992—1995


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Released in 1992, Wolfenstein 3D by id Software instantly became a success, mainly due to the shareware publication.


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This game is often referred to as a pioneer of first-person shooters.


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[1] [5] [36] The game used Ray casting technology, which by that time was already used in games, on the basis of which a revolutionary design template for shooters was created, which is also used in modern shooters from first person.


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[1] [5] [15] With the exception of claims to high cruelty, Wolfenstein 3D generally escaped the barrage of criticism that Doom was later subjected to, however, due to the widespread use of Nazi symbols were banned in Germany, [37] and when porting the game to the SNES, combat dogs were replaced with giant rats.


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[38] Building on the success of the game, Apogee Software released Blake Stone: Aliens of Gold in 1993.


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The game sold well at first, but after the release of Doom, which took place a week later, sales quickly stopped.


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Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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Published in 1993 on the shareware model, Doom [15] improved the concept presented in Wolfenstein 3D by introducing improved textures, changing heights (that is, stairs available for climbing), and also some effects such as flickering lighting or completely darkened spots.


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The result is a more believable 3D environment than Wolfenstein 3D with its monotonous and simplified levels. [40]


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Doom allowed competitive matches between players called “deathmatch”.


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It is from Doom that the term has gradually been introduced into the vocabulary of players around the world.


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[40] According to John Romero, one of the game's creators, they drew inspiration from tournaments in fighting games to create this mode.


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[41] The game was so popular that its multiplayer mode began to create problems for organizations whose local networks were used to play.


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[15] [40]


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Doom is considered by many to be the most important first-person shooter ever created.


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He had an impact not only on subsequent shooters, but also on the video game industry as a whole.


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[40] Since its release, this game has been ported to almost every computer game system.


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[15] Multiplayer modes, now inseparable from the first-person shooter genre, received their first large-scale recognition in Doom.


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[1] [40] Thanks to the combination of bloody cruelty, dark humor and hellish images, Doom received enthusiastic praise from critics, [40] [42] but these same elements caused a flood of criticism from religious groups, and some even branded the game as a “killer simulator.”


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[43] The controversy broke out again when it was revealed that Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, the perpetrators of the Columbine School massacre, were fans of the game.


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The families of some of the victims subsequently tried to sue various gaming companies, including id Software, accusing them of provoking the murder.


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In 1994, Raven Software's Heretic game was released.


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The game is based on a modified Doom engine, which implemented: the ability to aim vertically, character inventory in which you can store and select items, and jibs (flying off when hitting opponents with particles of flesh).


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Bungie's Marathon, released on the Macintosh in the same year, and the sequels that followed set the standard for first-person shooters on the platform.


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Marathon first introduced elements such as dual-use weapons, various multiplayer modes (for example, “king of the hill”, “kill the man with the ball” or co-op), friendly NPCs, as well as a very expressive narrative in addition to the action gameplay.


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[44] After LucasArts Entertainment realized that the Star Wars franchise contained enough material to create a first-person shooter in the style of Doom, Star Wars was released in 1995 : Dark Forces.


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This game, unlike Doom, has some technical improvements, such as the ability of the character to crawl or look up and down.


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[9] [15] [45] Apogee's Duke Nukem 3D, released in 1996, was “the last of the great sprite shooters”, [15] provoking enthusiastic reactions from critics for the gameplay and specific humor. built image of a macho protagonist.


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However, some found the attitude towards women characteristic of the game (and subsequent games in the series) humiliating and tactless.


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[15] [37]


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3D Graphics Progress: 1995—2000


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In 1994, Exact's Geograph Seal was released on Sharp X68000 home computers in Japan.


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The game, which remained little known in Western markets, was nevertheless a fully three-dimensional polygonal first-person shooter with innovative platformer game mechanics and an open world.


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A year later, Exact released Jumping Flash on PlayStation!


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, which paid more attention to the platformer component. [46]


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Descent (released in 1995 by Parallax Software), in which the player controls the flight of a spacecraft through caves and factory channels, was the first truly three-dimensional first-person shooter.


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The game did not use sprites and ray casting, instead used a polygon grid, and implemented all six degrees of freedom.


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[1] [15]


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Shortly after the release of Duke Nukem 3D in 1996, id Software released its anticipated Quake game.


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Like Doom, Quake had a significant impact on the formation of the genre's features.


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The game had an action-packed and bloody gameplay, and from a technical point of view, the game did not use sprites.


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Its update to QuakeWorld was largely aimed at online battles over the Internet and had a wide variety of multiplayer modes still found in shooters from the first faces.


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This is the first SPL to have a community of gaming clans, but previously MechWarrior 2, based on the BattleTech literary series, had similar formations, as well as a variety of games of the genre MUD.


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In addition, the game laid the foundations for many LAN party events, one of which, QuakeCon, was dedicated specifically to this game.


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[47] The popularity of the game and the use of polygonal 3D graphics in it contributed to the growth of the graphics card market.


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At the same time, the increased support and encouragement of interest in creating mods attracted players who wanted to work on the game at their discretion to create their own game modules.


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[47] According to John Romero, the creation of Quake's 3D world was inspired by Virtua Fighter's 3D game.


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Initially, Quake was supposed to have hand-to-hand combat, like Virtua Fighter, but this idea was abandoned as the game developed.


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[48] [49]


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In 1997, the Nintendo 64 released Rare's GoldenEye 007, based on the James Bond movie, and as of 2004 it was the best-selling game on the platform in the United States.


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[50] The game was a milestone for first-person shooters on consoles and received a lot of warm reviews for the very atmospheric levels for single player, as well as for the good multiplayer design levels.


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The game introduced a sniper rifle, the ability to kill with a shot in the head, and stealth elements [1] [15] [51] [52]; all this later also became part of the “spiritual sequel” of GoldenEye 007 — Perfect Dark game.


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The game also had some elements from Virtua Cop: reloading weapons, different reactions to the hit depending on the place of hit, penalties for killing innocent people, an aiming system that allows you to accurately specify a location on the screen.


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Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six, released in 1998, made the tactical shooter genre popular, despite the fact that it was not the first game in the genre.


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It was a team game aimed at realism and based on counter-terrorism stories.


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Each mission required advance planning to complete successfully, as sometimes a character could be killed by a single bullet hit. [18] [53]


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Medal of Honor created a long-lived setting of first-person shooters based on World War II in 1999.


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Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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In 1998, Valve released Half-Life, a game based on the Quake engine.


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[54] The game later became a significant commercial success.


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[15] [55] While previous shooters built the gameplay on the instincts and reactions of the player, Half-Life had a fairly strong storyline; the peculiarity of the game was the absence of cutscenes, the first-person view the game was not interrupted.


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The game popularized the concept of NPCs first introduced in Strife, [56] but did not have game bonuses in the traditional form of the genre.


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[1] The game was praised for its good artificial intelligence, its weapon set and attention to detail, which GameSpot said “makes it one of the best games of all time.” [57]


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Starsiege: Tribes, also released in 1998, was an online multiplayer shooter that supported simultaneous participation in a match of up to 32 players.


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It was a team game with an abundance of specialized roles, and it also had an atypical subject for the genre — a jetpack.


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The game became very popular, and later its gameplay was imitated when creating the Battlefield series.


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First-person shooter

[1] [2] Released in 1999, Quake III Arena by id Software and Epic's Unreal Tournament quickly became popular due to intense and well-understood multiplayer modes, both games single player mode has been significantly reduced.


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[15] In the same year, Counter-Strike, a Half-Life modification dedicated to counter-terrorism topics, was released.


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Released in 2004, Counter-Strike: Source became the most popular multiplayer first-person shooter at the time, as well as the most popular modification of the game.


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During peak periods, the game was played by more than 90,000 players at the same time.


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[15] [54]


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Online battles and return to consoles: 2000—2006


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In 1999, at E3, Bungie announced a real-time strategy called Halo, but later E3 showed a fairly early prototype of a third-person shooter.


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In 2000, Bungie became part of Microsoft.


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After that, the concept was changed, and the game was released as a first-person shooter, becoming one of the games with which the Xbox console was released.


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The game became a resounding commercial success and received such praise from critics that it became regarded as the first first-person shooter on consoles.


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The game had a strong storyline, reminiscent of the early Bungie games in the Marathon series, but the plot in Halo was told mainly in game dialogues and cutscenes.


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The main characters, the protagonist Master Chief and the alien antagonist, were also praised.


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Halo 2, a sequel released in 2004, introduced a popular online gaming market on consoles, available through Xbox Live.


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The game has been the most popular on this service for almost two years.


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Released in 2000 by Ion Storm, Deus Ex had a character development system similar to role-playing games.


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The game had a well-thought-out plot, the development of which depended on how the player completed the tasks.


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The game has earned recognition for its serious, artistic style.


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[15] Survivor (2000) and Dead Aim (2004) of the Resident Evil series attempted to combine the genres of light gun games, first-person shooter and elements from the survival genre horror.


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[58] The highly acclaimed first-person shooter Metroid Prime, released on GameCube in 2002, also included an action-adventure element such as jumping puzzles.


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The plot of the game was related to the two-dimensional Metroid side-scroller game Metroidvania.


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[15] Entering the course “full speed ahead to first-person view”, the game emphasized its adventure component, for which it was defined by journalist Chris Cowler as “the game that snatched the genre from the claws of Doom” .


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Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

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World War II Online, released in 2001, featured a permanent “massive multiplayer” game world, but IGN considered that “until such an environment was fully implemented it will take a few more years.”


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[60] Battlefield 1942, a World War II shooter released in 2002, featured large-scale battles involving aircraft, naval vessels, ground guns, and infantry.


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[15] In 2003, PlanetSide allowed hundreds of players to compete simultaneously in an ever-present world.


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[61] The game was promoted under the slogan “the world's first massive multiplayer first-person shooter”.


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[26] Doom 3, released in 2004, paid more attention to elements that terrify and frighten the player, for which it received critical reviews and became a bestseller.


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[62] [63] However, some critics considered the gameplay of the game “empty”, seeing the game as a lack of innovation in the pursuit of impressive graphics.


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[10] In 2005, “Doom” was released, which featured episodes showing the look and action of a first-person shooter.


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They were ridiculed by critics as deliberately ignorant and unreasonably cruel.


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Released in 2005, F.E.A.R. was recognized [65] for its skillful combination of first-person shooter gameplay and the atmosphere of Japanese horror movies.


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66] Later, in 2007, Irrational Games released BioShock, which some critics called Game of the Year for its innovative artistic style, design and plot.


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[67] [68] [69] Some considered the game a “spiritual continuation” of System Shock 2, an earlier Irrational Games game.


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[70] [71]


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Far Cry (2004), Crysis (2007) by Crytek, and Far Cry 2 (2008) from Ubisoft have made significant progress in improving the graphics and concept of the open world.


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[15] [72] Around the same time, Call of Duty 4 (2007), Resistance (2006), and its sequel Resistance 2 (2008) significantly improved the presentation of the plot in successive levels.


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[73] At the same time, the fleeting and linear gameplay in the Call of Duty series has similarities to rail shooters.


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74] [75] In 2006, GamaSutra reported that in terms of publisher profits, the first-person shooter genre showed the greatest and fastest growth.


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2007 — modernity


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In 2010, researchers from Leiden University found that the fascination with computer games in the genre of first-person shooters is associated with increased brain flexibility.


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Players of such games, compared to people who are not fond of computer games, need significantly less time when switching between difficult tasks.


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Presumably, this is due to the need for a more responsive way of thinking to respond quickly to visual and sound stimuli, as well as constantly switching between different tasks.


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[77] The use of motion-capturing game controllers (for example, Wii controllers) “should make control in shooters as accessible and accurate as simple pointing with your hand” which is why “the appearance of first-person shooters will change significantly”.


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

However, technical complexities associated with tasks other than aiming, such as reloading or maneuvering, prevent them from spreading in first-person shooters.


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

[78] The computer interface combines a controller with motion capture, a headset with eye tracking, and two foot pedals that increase accuracy and control over avatar [79] in military first-person shooters.


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

See also


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

Third person shooter


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

3D graphics


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

Game engine


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

id Tech


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

MMOFPS


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

Notes


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter


Question: When was the first third-person shooter game released?

First-person shooter

Category:Video game genres


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Sergey Viktorovich Pugachev (born February 4, 1963, Kostroma) is a banker, owner of Mezhprombank, international investor, public figure, politician.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Doctor of Technical Sciences [1], member of the Russian Academy of Engineering [2], author of 3 monographs and 40 scientific articles.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Biography


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Since the late 1980s, Pugachev has been engaged in entrepreneurial activities.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

According to documents repeatedly published in the press by the Vasileostrovsky District Court of Leningrad, since 1984 Pugachev has been wanted by the police for fraud.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

On May 26, 1986, he was sentenced to three years of suspended imprisonment with confiscation of property and mandatory labor for fraud, and served his sentence at construction sites in the Yaroslavl region.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

[3] [4] [5]


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

From Konstantin Shirshov's deputy request to Prosecutor General Yu.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Chaika:


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Pugachev borrowed 5,500 rubles from his friend and colleague Egorov, promising to buy a new car.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

According to Pugachev, his father had the opportunity to buy the car.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Egorov did not see any car or cash.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

The documents shown to journalists cast doubt on the authenticity of the senator's three diplomas [7] [8], his official biography, as well as his employment record book.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Thus, in 1983-1991, he did not work for a day in the Krasnogvardeysky branch of the Construction Bank of the USSR, as it is written in his work book.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In 1991, Pugachev established the Northern Trade Bank, which became one of the first cooperative banks in the USSR.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

According to information provided on the personal website [10], 1991-1994 Pugachev lived in the United States (he was raided in Russia to control business), and since 1994 he has been living in France.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

He conducted his largest business projects in France, Luxembourg, the USA, Russia, and the UK.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

The media have repeatedly written that billionaire Pugachev is a very influential figure in Russian politics.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In 1992, Sergey Pugachev organized banks in the Russian Federation — the International Industrial Bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In the 90s, Pugachev was a representative of Boris Yeltsin's narrow circle and was one of the leaders of his campaign headquarters in 1996 [11].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Based on the events of the 1996 elections in 2003, American director Roger Spottiswood shot the film Yeltsin Project, Spinning Boris, USA, which starred such famous actors as Jeff Goldblum, Anthony LaPaglia, Lev Schreiber, Sean McDonald, the prototype of the main character was Sergei Pugachev, his role was played in the film by Grigory Gladiy.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

For a long time, Pugachev was included in the rating of the top 5 main lobbyists in Russia together with the head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, the head of


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In 1999, he was one of those who brought Vladimir Putin to power, with whom he maintained friendly relations since the early 90s.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In the late 90s, Pugachev acquired the Yenisei Industrial Company, which had a license for geological exploration in the Ulug-Khemsky District in Southern Siberia.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In the process of exploration and experimental production, together with the world's leading mining companies, the world's largest coking coal deposit was discovered.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In 2000, YPC received a license for exploration and production of coal at the Elegest deposit.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

[12] At the same time, Sergey Pugachev invested in the creation of a shipbuilding complex based on the Baltic Shipyard and Severnaya Verf and 60 machine-building enterprises, which became the largest in Europe.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In the early 2000s, it consolidated its assets under the management of the United Industrial Corporation (according to an independent assessment for 2008-2010) with a total value of more than $12 billion. USA.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

On June 20, 2002, the Vedomosti newspaper wrote: “Yesterday Vladimir Putin picked up the government's idea of amnesty for the exported capital and called on entrepreneurs to return the money to the country. Interestingly, the first business representative with whom Putin began to discuss this idea in detail yesterday was the former president of Mezhprombank, Senator Sergei Pugachev.”


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Vladimir Putin's meeting with Sergei Pugachev took place a day after the publication in Le Monde, France, that the authorities of Nice are checking some operations of Russian bankers for laundering [14].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2004, the company controlled by Pugachev signed an agreement with the Presidential Administration to launch an ambitious project for the reconstruction of the Middle Trading Rows on Red Square in Moscow.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In June 2004, it became known that Veremeenko left the board of directors and withdrew from the list of owners of Mezhprombank, selling his share to partners.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Immediately, the United Industrial Corporation CJSC was created, which transferred the bank's industrial assets.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Alexander Gnusarev, member of the Board of Directors and Managing Director of Mezhprombank, became the Chairman of the Board


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

However, in 2006, it turned out that the final beneficial owners of Mezhprombank were members of the Pugachev family (about 72% of the shares), Gnusarev (6%) and several other members of the bank's board of directors .


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2009, Sergei Pugachev became a French citizen [16].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In July 2015, it turned out that Pugachev had written an application for renunciation of Russian citizenship back in 2012 [17].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2010-2014, all of Pugachev's Russian assets were expropriated, and then prosecution began.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2011, at the request of Pugachev, a criminal case was opened in France in connection with extortion and threats from a number of high-ranking employees of the DIA.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

A year later, Pugachev announces the beginning of the preparation of a lawsuit to the Hague Tribunal against the Russian Federation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2013, a criminal case was opened against Pugachev in Russia.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In December 2013, the state filed a lawsuit to bring Pugachev to subsidiary liability in the Moscow Arbitration Court, then the Investigative Committee announced the search for Pugachev in the Mezhprombank case.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[19] [20]


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In June 2014, the Russian Federation filed an application with the High Court of London for interim measures in support of a civil subsidiary claim in the Moscow Arbitration Court.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On July 11, 2014, Judge of the High Court of London Henderson, without summoning the defendant and notifying him, ruled to freeze Sergei Pugachev's assets in England, and Pugachev was coerced to disclose all assets owned by him, directly or indirectly, in the world.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[22] [23] According to British law enforcement agencies, representatives of the Russian authorities illegally carried out constant surveillance of Pugachev and his family in England through their hired private detectives.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[24] On March 2, 2015, Judge Smith of the High Court of London prohibits Pugachev from leaving England and Wales, and orders the transfer of all passports and travel documents to Hogan Lovells (which the court represents the interests of the Russian Federation).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[25] In May 2015, British police found explosive devices under Pugachev's private cars.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The case was investigated by the anti-terrorist service SO15, and Pugachev and his family were presented with state protection (the case is currently being investigated by French law enforcement officers).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Pugachev was repeatedly assassinated both in Russia and abroad (both before 2010 and after).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

As a result of the assassinations, security officers were injured.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

These actions were aimed at forcing Pugachev to leave London.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

At the end of November 2014, the Russian Bureau of Interpol posted on its website information about the search for Pugachev.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[27] [28] [29] After a complaint from lawyers, Pugachev was removed from the Interpol database “due to the political motivation of the case.”


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On June 23, 2015, in violation of the order of an English judge, Pugachev leaves the jurisdiction of England and Wales, secretly moving to France.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[31] [32]


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On September 21, 2015, Pugachev filed a lawsuit against Russia for $12 billion with the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague on the fact of expropriation of the latter's assets.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

King and Spalding, a law firm from New York, was engaged in the preparation of the lawsuit.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[33] [34] [35].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On December 3, 2015, the High Court of Justice of England and Wales issued an arrest warrant for Pugachev in a case of contempt of court [36].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On December 22, 2015, Judge Rose sentenced Pugachev to 2 years in prison for contempt of court, in the decision, the judge noted that Pugachev had good reason to believe that his life was in danger and it is threatened by agents of the Russian Federation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[37] After returning to France, Sergey Pugachev filed a lawsuit against the Russian Federation under the Russian-French agreement “on the protection of investments” on the facts of expropriation of assets,


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On January 30, 2016, the Supreme Court of Russia refused Pugachev to review the judicial acts of lower instances, which brought him to subsidiary liability for Mezhprombank's obligations, recovering from Pugachev about 75.6 billion rubles [38].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In April 2016, Pugachev's lawyer Karina Moskalenko filed a complaint with the ECHR on the facts of violations committed during the consideration of a civil claim for subsidiary liability in the Russian Federation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On July 5, the complaint was registered in court, and the court undertook to begin consideration of the case “as soon as it is technically possible”.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2016, Pugachev's interests were represented in court by the French company Lazareff Le Bars.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On June 17, 2016, Pugachev's lawyers appointed Professor Thomas Clay as an arbitrator at the Hague International Tribunal to consider his arbitration claim against the Russian Federation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Political career


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 1995, there was a scandal, it was alleged that Mezhprombank Pugachev issued Eurocard credit cards for President B.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

N. Yeltsin and his family members.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

There were no comments from Pugachev on this matter.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In December 1995, Sergei Pugachev ran for deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation on the federal list of the electoral association of the Party of Russian Unity and Accord (PRESS) Sergei Shakhray.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 1996, Pugachev was one of the leaders of the campaign headquarters of presidential candidate Boris Yeltsin.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Subsequently, Pugachev said that his ties in the United States played a decisive role in Yeltsin's victory in the confrontation with the Communists.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to Pugachev, using a personal acquaintance with Fred Lowell, close to the Republican Party of the United States, he brought to Russia a team of political strategists and PR specialists from the United States led by a leading strategist then California Governor Pete Wilson George Gorton.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Gorton's team, together with Tatyana Dyachenko, conducted the election campaign, using all the best traditions of American political technologies and presenting Yeltsin in the best light, emphasizing the danger of restoration communist authorities.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[42] [43]


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In June 1996, he was awarded the gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation Yeltsin “For his great contribution to the formation of Russian democracy, participation in the preparation and conduct of the campaign of popular elections President of the Russian Federation in 1996”


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In October 1998, Mikhail Zadornov included Sergei Pugachev in the Russian delegation that went to the next annual session of the IMF and the World Bank in Washington.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Zadornov, together with the returned head of the Central Bank Viktor Gerashchenko, took Pugachev to bilateral meetings with the leadership of the IMF and the World Bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Pugachev was presented as the head of a “successful” and, in spite of everything, “working” bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[44] Pugachev noted in presenting World Bank President James Wolfensohn with a memorandum on improving the Russian banking system.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In an interview, Pugachev stated that in the 1990s he put forward the idea of making Vladimir Putin a potential successor to Yeltsin. [45]


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The Financial Times found that Pugachev was a close friend of Tatyana Dyachenko and her husband, Valentin Yumashev, who headed the administration of the President of the Russian Federation, as well as other prominent figures of the Yeltsin period.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Pugachev introduced Putin to Yeltsin, and in 1999-2000 he was one of the leaders of his campaign headquarters.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[42] [43]


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In November 2000, Sergey Pugachev was elected a member of the Board Bureau of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

From November 2000 to January 2003, he was Vice President of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

He organized meetings between representatives of big business and Vladimir Putin.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

He was a member of the Russian-French Government Commission.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

He was the initiator of the acquisition by the Russian Federation of a license for the production of French Mistral helicopter carriers.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[47] On November 23, 2009, Vice Admiral Oleg Burtsev, First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Navy, arrived in St. Petersburg and said that the leadership of the Navy needed to purchase one helicopter carrier” Mistral” and also requires a license for the construction of 4 vessels of this class in Russia.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In December 2009, a French delegation led by General Engineer Alain Coast visited Pugachev's Baltiysky Zavod to familiarize themselves with its production facilities.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The stocks, hull processing and mechanical workshops, as well as the launched icebreaker Saint Petersburg were inspected.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

After the visit, negotiations began on issuing a license to the defense industry for the production of Mistrals in Russia for the needs of the Russian Navy.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[48] In December 2010, a joint statement was issued by the presidents of the Russian Federation and France on the purchase of 2 Mistral ships and an option to build 2 more at one of the Russian shipyards.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The agreement on the Mistrals was signed on January 25, 2011 in Paris.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On December 24, 2001, Pugachev was elected Senator of the Russian Federation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On December 26, 2001, he was approved as a representative from the government of Tuva in the Federation Council of the Russian Federation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

His candidacy was supported by about 80% of Tuvan deputies.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In this post, S. IN. Pugachev served nine years and 11 days until January 4, 2011.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[50] On January 4, 2011, Pugachev resigned as a senator under pressure from Putin.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

, the reason for his resignation was Pugachev's French citizenship.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Investments


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 1991, S. IN. Pugachev founded one of the first cooperative banks in the USSR, the Northern Trade Bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 1993, he sold his share.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 1992, he became one of the co-founders of International Industrial Bank LLC (Pugachev owned 25% of the shares), which was one of the first to receive a license to conduct foreign exchange transactions.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[51] Mezhprombank was originally built as a “venture investment fund”, not specializing in hunting depositors.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The bank looked for problematic but promising assets, invested in their development and then sold them.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The Bank was one of the top 10 largest banks in Russia and was the largest credit institution in the country in terms of capital (175 billion rubles), and was also a principal member of the Visa International and Master systems Card Worldwide, having its own processing.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

There were 7 branches.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The bank survived the crisis of 1998 and increased its authorized capital to 10 billion rubles.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On January 1, 2000, the authorized capital amounted to 25 billion rubles, making Mezhprombank the largest private bank in Russia, almost catching up with Sberbank in terms of assets.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In January 2002, Pugachev left the post of Chairman of the Board of Directors of the International Industrial Bank, which in December 2001 was transformed from an LLC into a CJSC.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to some reports, after his election as a senator, Pugachev no longer owned shares in the bank (according to other sources, it was claimed that he had less than 5 percent of the shares).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2003, it was mentioned that Sergei Pugachev's official average annual income was more than 7 million rubles.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to data released in 2010, he earned 3 billion rubles, significantly ahead of all other Russian senators.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

As a senator, Pugachev transferred all his assets to the management of CJSC United Industrial Corporation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The defense industry managed assets in various sectors of the economy in Russia.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to various estimates, their cost was more than $15 billion. USA.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Shipbuilding assets


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In the late 90s, Sergey Pugachev began buying shares in shipbuilding and machine-building enterprises in St. Petersburg.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

OJSC Severnaya Verf Shipyard, OJSC Baltiysky Zavod, OJSC Central Design Bureau Iceberg came under the management of the UIC.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Boris Kuzyk, assistant for military-technical cooperation to President Boris Yeltsin and friend of Alexander Kotelnik, CEO of Rosvooruzhenie in 1994—1997, advised Pugachev to purchase Severnaya Verf years.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

As a result of the competition, Pugachev became the owner of Severnaya Verf.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to media reports, Pugachev at that time was already the majority shareholder of the Baltic Shipyard and was in the process of closing the transaction for the purchase of the remaining up to 100% of the shares.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Analysts estimated Pugachev's new asset with a portfolio of orders at $700 million.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Then Pugachev embarked on a major development project in St. Petersburg to build 70 hectares in the city center on Vasilyevsky Island.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The project for the construction of a residential area on the former premises of the Baltic Shipyard was supported by the Federal Government and Governor Valentina Matvienko was included in the urban development plan, it was supposed build up to 4.5 million square meters of housing.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The project was led by his company OPK-Development.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

S. Pugachev, as a French citizen and a member of the Russian-French Commission on International Cooperation, actively lobbied for a contract for obtaining a license for the construction of Mistral helicopter carriers in France for Russia, the deal amounted to 1.5 billion euros.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2005, Sergey Pugachev's structures acquired a controlling stake in OJSC Baltiysky Zavod.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Sergey Pugachev focused on obtaining additional shares in Severnaya Verf and Baltiysky Zavod.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

He acquired the Iceberg design bureau.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Ultimately, Pugachev's share of shipbuilding assets was increased to 75.82% in Severnaya Verf, to 88.32% in Baltiysky Zavod and 64.82% in Iceberg.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[58] After a deep modernization, thanks to joint work with IMG, Europe's largest surface shipbuilding center was created.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

As a result of activities that led to the modernization of enterprises and their acquisition of a large market share in civil and military shipbuilding, all Pugachev's shipbuilding assets were expropriated by the state without paying compensation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

shipbuilding assets


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2007, the Government of the Russian Federation created the USC in order to consolidate its equity participation in shipyards, the state owned 100% of the shares of the created corporation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[59] In 2008, Deputy Prime Minister Sechin I. V. [60] During the initial period of its activity, the USC purchased stakes in Iceberg Design Bureau (24.49%) and Severnaya Verf (20.96%).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In November 2009, Pugachev and Putin met.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Putin indicated the desire of the state to buy Pugachev's shares of all his shipbuilding assets, and Pugachev was hinted that the latter should agree to the sale.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Finance Minister Kudrin came up with a proposal to allocate $5 billion from the federal budget for this deal.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to BDO estimates from July 2010, the value of equity participation in shipyards amounted to 101.36 billion Russian rubles (3.5 billion US dollars at the exchange rate of 2010), which was made under pressure from the state, deferred contracts are not included. [62]


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The Financial Times noted that the BDO estimate was 3.5 billion US dollars, and Nomura Bank - 4.2 billion US dollars.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2011, a meeting was held with Deputy Prime Minister Kozak, instructed to conclude an amicable agreement between Pugachev and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the sale of shipbuilding enterprises by October 13, 2011 it will be necessary to make an agreed decision.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The Central Bank issued a mandate for negotiations to representatives of Nomura Bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Later, the source reported on the fact of cover by the Central Bank in the issue of expropriation of assets, Vice President of the Central Bank Shevtsov announced the visit of the head of Nomura to Moscow to discuss the placement of reserves of the Russian Federation in this Japanese bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

As a result, negotiations were delayed, as a result of which President Medvedev and Prime Minister Putin said that Pugachev was responsible for evading the transfer of ownership of the shipyards to the state and announced readiness to intervene on its own if “Pugachev's holding company does not show common sense.”


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[64] Soon the Central Bank filed a lawsuit with the Moscow Arbitration Court with a request to transfer the trust management of Pugachev's assets to it, the court satisfied the requirements of the Central Bank, ruling on the transfer of shares without consent of the owner.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[65] During the hearing of the court case on December 2, 2011, Putin visited the Baltiysky Zavod, who said that the plant would go bankrupt, while the staff would be re-registered into a new organization.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

After that, the court hearings were classified and Pugachev lost the opportunity to participate in the court.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[66] led to the expropriation of equity participation in shipyards.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

As a result of auctions held in 2012, shares in Severnaya Verf, Baltiysky Zavod and KB Iceberg were acquired by the USC for 12.7 billion rubles.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[67] [68] A plot on Vasilyevsky Island for $8 million was also sold, where the largest development project in the North-West took place.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Later, Pugachev met with Lisin in London, discussing the settlement of the expropriation of shipyards, but the meeting did not bring results.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Foreign assets


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In the 2000s, Pugachev acquired various assets outside the Russian Federation: Luxe TV, which broadcast in 20 countries around the world in different languages.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2007, Sergei Pugachev bought the French grocery Hediard, the deal was called “a breakthrough of Russian capital into the world market”, it was compared to the purchase of Chelsea football club by Abramovich in 2003).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2008, half of David Linley Holdings Limited, a company specializing in yacht design, interiors and furniture, was bought from Lord David Linley.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In August 2009, Pugachev acquired the American pharmaceutical company Biopure Corporation, whose exchange value reached $3.5 billion. USA.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2002, Vladimir Putin suggested that Pugachev come up with a legislative initiative to return capital exported abroad.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[72] The conflict between Putin and Pugachev developed, among other things, due to Pugachev's investment in foreign assets.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Hotel On Red Square


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2000, the state enterprise Kremlevsky was established, which received the right to manage historical buildings on Red Square, which were intended for restructuring.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2004, V. IN. Putin appealed to Pugachev with a request to allocate 1.5 billion rubles to the Ministry of Defense for the construction of housing for military personnel, and the money was allocated.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On the part of the Presidential Administration, after the allocation of funds, an investment agreement was signed with Pugachev's structures for the reconstruction and construction of the STR on Red Square (in order to compensate for expenses ).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

It was planned to open a five-star hotel complex “Kremlevsky”.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[73] The project was presented by Kozhin, who referred to the strict conditions when choosing an investor, which implied the impossibility of registering ownership of the historical part of the building, and also prescribed compensation to the former owner (Ministry of Defense) in the amount of $60 million on a full prepayment basis, as a result of which only the United Industrial Corporation accepted the conditions.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Pugachev paid compensation for the Ministry of Defense from his own funds.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to experts, the cost per square meter will exceed 100 thousand dollars, which is higher than in London.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[74] Architect Jean-Michel Wilmotte was invited to create the Kremlevsky complex, [75] and Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia Alvalid bin Talal bin Abdou Aziz Alsad was approved to manage the complex (at Putin's insistence).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Sergey Pugachev received ownership of the residential part of buildings (about 40 thousand m²) on Red Square after the completion of their construction and 2 hectares of land, a concession for operation management of the Kremlevsky Hotel.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In addition, Pugachev's company transferred 1.5 billion rubles to the Ministry of Defense.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Subsequently, the Accounts Chamber found that the allocated money was mostly stolen.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to Ernst and Young, the investment agreement alone during the economic crisis was valued at $950 million.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

hotel


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In August 2008, Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin informed Pugachev that the project for the construction of a hotel and residential complex on Red Square.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Pugachev agreed to the sale, at a market price, and as a result, the government of the Russian Federation provided for the payment of compensation for Pugachev by the federal law “On the Federal Budget for 2009”.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

It was decided to pay the remaining part of the compensation to the 2010 budget.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[77] Putin appointed First Deputy Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov responsible for compensating Pugachev.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2009, the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation terminated the contract and transferred the facility on Red Square to the jurisdiction of the Federal Guard Service.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

As a result, no compensation was paid, and the story with the hotel did not end either.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[78] In March 2011, Pugachev, through his company Srednie Torgovy Ryady LLC, tried to recover 41 billion rubles in court.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

A lawsuit was filed against the Ministry of Finance demanding reimbursement of funds for abandoning the project and reimbursement of the funds spent.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The claims were not satisfied.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Yenisei Industrial Company


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Sergey Pugachev owned the Yenisei Industrial Company (EPK), which acquired a license for the development of the Elegest Highlands in the Ulug-Khem coal basin (Republic of Tuva).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The Russian government approved the railway project for the export of coal from the field.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

When buying the deposit, its profitability was unknown, after the purchase, it was determined that this deposit is the largest in the world in terms of coking coal reserves and contains about a billion tons fossils.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2008, YPC signed an agreement on feasibility study and rights to acquire 25% shares at market value and an option of up to 49% by the Japanese conglomerate Mitsui, according to which it financed part of the geological exploration work free of charge.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

After the expropriation of assets in Russia began, Sergey Pugachev decided to sell the EPK.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In August 2010, OPK Mining used the services of Credit Suisse to evaluate the EPK and search for bidders for the purchase.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to KMPG, in 2011 the value of the EPK was 5 billion US dollars.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

After the road show around the world, Credit Suisse presented a list of 40 potential EPK buyers, including Mitsui, Arselor Mittal (Lakshimi Mitall).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Yenisei Industrial Company


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2012, Baisarov addressed Putin in his letter on behalf of the non-existent EPK LLC with a request to revoke the license from YPC and transfer it to its company.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The agreement was reached during Putin's meeting with Chechen President R. Kadyrov.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[83] Putin granted Baisarov's request and instructed First Deputy Prime Minister Shuvalov to revoke the license and then transfer it to Baisarov's structures.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In September 2012, Baisarov asked the government to revoke the license of YPC OJSC.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The meeting was attended by Deputy Head of the DIA Miroshnikov, who later became known because of the proceedings with Pugachev abroad.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On December 28, 2012, YPC's license was taken away due to “non-fulfillment of its obligations”.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Gribanovo development project


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

To implement the project, Sergey Pugachev's structures attracted a loan from VTB in the amount of $1 billion.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The construction was to be managed by the OPK Development controlled by Pugachev.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Earlier, in 2009, VTB Chairman Kostin, in agreement with Putin and Medvedev, proposed early repayment of the loan with land pledged to the bank (1162 hectares at that time was estimated at more than 4 billion US dollars).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Subsequently, one of the 1,162 hectare plots near the presidential residence in Novo-Ogaryovo became the property of the Federal Security Service, the media called it Pugachev's payment for the right to implement the project itself.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

[86] [87]


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Gribanovo development project


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2009, some members of the Leninsky Luch collective farm filed a petition with the Krasnogorsk court to cancel the original transaction with the Dmitrov State Farm in 2003.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The court rejected the application due to the expiration of the statute of limitations.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In 2012, a second attempt was made to challenge the 2003 transaction.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The Leninsky Luch collective farm, as a legal entity, filed a lawsuit in the Moscow Arbitration Court against the state farm and Optic-Trade (which was the owner of the land and was controlled by Pugachev) demanding recognize the collective farm's ownership of 167 plots.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The Moscow Arbitration Court eventually ruled in favor of the collective farm, as Optic-Trade was uninformed about the trial and, thus, could not declare the expiration of the claim prescription.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The collective farm became, according to a court decision, the legal owner of land plots that were previously owned by Optic-Trade.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The company learned about the lawsuit after filing a lawsuit from the Dmitrovsky state farm, it filed its own appeal against the decision, which was rejected by the court.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The Federal Arbitration Court of the Moscow District then upheld the court's decision, finding it impossible to file further appeals.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

According to the Alexey Navalny Anti-Corruption Foundation, the land plots became the property of persons under the control of the family of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Yuri Chaika.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Legal claims


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

A number of lawsuits took place between Sergei Pugachev and the Russian state,


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In December 2013, the DIA filed a lawsuit with the Moscow Arbitration Court to bring to subsidiary liability for the debts of Mezhprombank (which was declared bankrupt by a court decision in December 2010) bank managers Alexander Didenko, Alexey Zlobin, Marina Illarionova and Sergey Pugachev (who was named the actual owner who determines the actual decisions taken by the bank).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

During the trial, some key members of Mezhprombank's management did not testify (including Gerald Kowalski, Chairman of the Board of Directors), while the accusation was based on testimony from Mezhprombank owner Henderson-Stewart and former director of the bank Alexander Didenko, who agreed to a deal with the investigation.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Soon, the DIA appealed to the High Court of London for interim measures on the above claim.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The interests of the DIA were represented by Hogan Lovells.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

It was noted that no independent claims were filed, there were only requirements for security proceedings.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In November 2014, the Russian Bureau of Interpol posted information on its website about the beginning of the search for Sergei Pugachev.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Shortly after a complaint by French lawyers to the Central Bureau of Interpol due to the political motivation of the Russian side, Pugachev is excluded from the Interpol database [29] [30].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

On September 22, 2015, the Hague Tribunal officially registered Pugachev's complaint against the Russian Federation with the amount of the claim in the amount of 12 billion US dollars.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Business timeline


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

1991: Pugachev founded the Northern Trade Bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

1992: Pugachev founded the International Industrial Bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

1993: Pugachev withdrew from the founding members of the Northern Trade Bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

1999: Established Yenisei Industrial Company CJSC.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

2001: Acquired 56% of the shares of Channel Three.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

2002: Pugachev officially withdrew from the capital and governing bodies of the International Industrial Bank.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

He also bought the oil company Belye Nochi LLC from the Croatian state oil company INA; bought the oil company Aki Otyr; bought stakes in 60 machine-building enterprises in Russia and acquired the New Programs and Concepts holding, which was established in 1998 on the basis of Severnaya Verf, the North-Western Shipping Company and some assets of the defense industry.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The Russian Coal company was also created.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

2003: bought land in the Rublevo-Uspenskoye highway area in the Moscow region; minority stake in Perm KB Aviadvigatel and Perm Motor Plant.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

A controlling stake in the North-Western Shipping Company was purchased.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

2004: United Industrial Corporation CJSC was established, sold to Belye Nochi, Aki Otyr and Russky Ugol.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

2005: Pugachev acquired controlling stakes in Severnaya Verf, Baltiysky Zavod and KB Iceberg.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

2006: Luxadvor S.A. was established, the French Luxe TV channel was purchased, the First Moscow Watch Factory Polet LLC was purchased, including the rights to the Polet watch trademark.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

In the same year, the Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation chose CJSC United Industrial Corporation for the reconstruction of the STR on Red Square in order to create the Kremlevsky hotel complex [93].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

The defense industry and the Shanghai Overseas United Investment Company signed a protocol of intent, which provided for the joint implementation of a project for the integrated development and development of a land plot with an area of 56 hectares in St. Petersburg (Vasilievsky Island project).


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

2007: The Government Investment Commission approved a project for the construction of the Kuragino (Krasnoyarsk Krai) — Kyzyl (Republic of Tyva) railway, which was carried out by the EPK.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Co-financing from the investment fund of the Russian Federation has been prescribed [94].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

UIC Development was also created to implement the Kremlevsky and Gribanovo projects, the reconstruction of the Primorskaya Hotel, and the Central Department Store in Sochi.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

Pugachev bought Hediard Group of Companies [95].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

2008: Pugachev's land assets were sold to VTB structures; acquisition of DesignCapital investment company [96], French manufacturer of designer furniture Artelano [97], British company for yacht design, interiors, furniture David Linley Holdings Limited [98], as well as the French furniture company Forum Diffusion.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

2009: The Chancellor of the President of the Russian Federation terminated the contract for the reconstruction of the STR with Pugachev's company, the facilities were transferred to the Federal Security Service [99].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachyov

This year, the American company Biopure Corporation was acquired, and UIC Biotech was created to implement a project to create artificial blood substitutes [100].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

2010: start of a deal with the state to sell shares in Severnaya Verf, Baltiysky Zavod, KB Iceberg [101].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

2011: Pugachev sold Channel Three to the structures of AFK Sistema [102] [103].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

The Yenisei Industrial Company was also sold to the shareholders of the Russian Copper Company without making payment under the agreement [104].


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Public activities


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

During his tenure in the Federation Council, Pugachev financed $10 million for the construction of hotels, an airport, a universal complex, a museum with the placement of relics from Scythian Arzhaan-1 and Arzhaan-2 burial mounds in Tuva.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

With the help of allocated funds, a modern Subedei complex was built and commissioned.”


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In December 2008, Pugachev presented a unique collection of Scythian gold to the general public at the National Museum of Tuva.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

The ceremony was attended by David Linley, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Christies auction house, with his wife Serena, Princess Salima (engaged in charity) and Managing Director of Asprey Bruce Dundas.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In the 2000s, Pugachev gained a reputation as an influential conductor of the ideas of Orthodoxy among President Putin.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

According to Novaya Gazeta, Pugachev introduced President Putin to his confessor Tikhon (Shevkunov) and other church hierarchs.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Galina Pugacheva organized the Dar Charitable Foundation, which helps orphanages.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Pugachev defended 2 dissertations, one of them (“Methods and Models for Managing the Investment Policy of the Bank”) was defended at the Russian Academy of Sciences.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

[108] Another dissertation “Development of information technology for managing the financial resources of credit institutions”.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

[109] Pugachev was awarded the title of Doctor of Technical Sciences.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

In addition to 2 dissertations, he has 3 monographs and 40 scientific articles.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

He is a member of the International Academy of Engineering.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

Since 1993, he has involved employees of the Academy to examine the activities of various projects.


Question: How many children did Sergei Viktorovich Pugachev have?

Sergey Pugachev

family