Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 512 p. — Series “Byzantine Library. Sources”.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— ISBN 5-89329-030-1.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Latyshev V. Vestnik drevnei istorii


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 1948.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— No. 4.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— P. 244—267.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Orozy Pavel.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

History against pagans.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Books VI—VI/Transl. from lat.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

IN. M. Tyuleneva.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Aletheia, 2003.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 384 p. — Series “Byzantine Library. Sources”.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— ISBN 5-89329-574-9.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Prisk Paniysky.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Legends//In the book.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

: Theophanes Byzantian.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Chronicle from Diocletian to Tsars Michael and his son Theophylakt.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Prisk Paniysky.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Legends.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— Ryazan: Alexandria, 2005.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— Byzantine Historical Library series.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— C. 435-534.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

//Herald of Ancient History.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— No. 1.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—, 1939.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Literature


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

In Russian


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Alphan Louis.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Great barbarian empires.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

From the great migration of peoples to the Turkic conquests of the 11th century —: Veche, 2006.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 416 p. — Series “Classical History”.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Artamonov M. AND. History of the Khazars city.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Izd-vo Gosud.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Hermitage Museum, 1962.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 524 p.: Il.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Bernshtam A. N. Essay on the history of the Huns


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Publishing house of Leningrad State University, 1951.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 256 p.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Veltman A. F.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Type.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Moskov.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

un-ta, 1858.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 232 p.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Gumilev L. N. Hunnu.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Middle Asia in ancient times/Ed.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

M. AND. Artamonova.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Publishing House of Eastern Literature, 1960.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 292 p.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Gumilev L. N. /Ed.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

L. P. Delusina.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Science, Chief Editorial Office of Oriental Literature, 1974.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 260 p.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Duychev I., Tsankova-Petkova G., Tapkova-Zaimova V., Yonchev L., Tivchev P.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

T III.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— Sofia, 1960.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

//Institute for Bulgarian History.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Ivik O., Klyuchnikov V. The Huns.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Lomonosov, 2015.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 344 p. — Series “History. Geography. Ethnography”.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— ISBN 978-5-91678-259-2.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Foreigners K. A. Huns and Huns (analysis of theories about the origin of the Hunnu people of Chinese chronicles, about the origin of the European Huns and the mutual relations of these two peoples).


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Publishing house of Leningrad.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Institute of Living East.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

yaz.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

them.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

A. S. Yenukidze, 1926.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— Ed.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 156 p.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Klyashtorny S. G., Savinov D. G. Steppe empires of ancient Eurasia.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University, 2005.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 346 p. — Series “Historical Studies”.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— ISBN 5-8465-0246-6.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Kradin N. N. The Hunnu Empire.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 1996.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 164 p. — Ed.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Logos, 2002.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 312 p.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Kychanov Ye.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

AND. The history of ancient and medieval states bordering China (from Huns to Manchus).


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Petersburg Linguistic Society, 2010.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 2nd ed.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

, corrected


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

and add.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 364 p. — Nomadica series.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Otto Mönchen-Helfen.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

/Trans. from English.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

L. A. Igorevsky.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: ZAO “Tsentrpoligraf”, 2014.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 412 p.: Il.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— ISBN 978-5-9524-5131-5.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Nikolaev V. IN. The history of Chuvash ancestors.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

30th century BC


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— XV century AD


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— Cheboksary: Foundation for Historical and Cultural Studies named after A.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

K. IN. Ivanova, 2005.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 408 p.: Il.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— Historical Library series.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Nikonorov V. P., Khudyakov Yu.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

S. “Whistling Arrows” by Maodun and “Mars Sword” by Attila: Warfare of the Asian Huns and the European Huns.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: “Petersburg Oriental Studies”, 2004.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 320 p. — ISBN 5-85803-278-6.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Pigulevskaya N. IN. Syrian sources on the history of the peoples of the USSR.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— —: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1941.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 172 p.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Skrzhinskaya E.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

H.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

//Byzantine temporal book.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— T. XII.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Taishan Yu.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

//Chinese Institute of Social Sciences.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Research Institute of History.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Edward A. Thompson /Trans. from English.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

L. A. Igorevsky.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: ZAO “Tsentrpoligraf”, 2008.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 264 p.: Il.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— Mysteries of Ancient Civilizations series.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— ISBN 978-5-9524-3492-9.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Edward Hutton.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Attila.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

The leader of the Huns/Transl. from English.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

L. A. Igorevsky.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: ZAO “Tsentrpoligraf”, 2005.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 240 p. — Series “Nomen est Omen”.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— ISBN 5-9524-1902-X.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Khudyakov Yu.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

S.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Chuvash.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Ethnic history and traditional culture/Comp.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

IN. P. Ivanov V. IN. Nikolayev, V. D. Dmitriev said.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: DICK, 2000.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 96 p.: Il.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

In foreign languages


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Brandt T., 2013.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Archaeology


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Puzdrovsky A. E.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

, Zaytsev Yu.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

P., Nenevolya I. AND.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

//Herald of Ancient History.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— No. 2, 2000.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Bokovenko N. A., Zasetskaya I. P. The origin of the “Hun type” boilers in Eastern Europe in the light of the problem of Hun-Hun relations.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

//Petersburg Archaeological Bulletin.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— — Vol.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

3, 1993.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Genetics


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

//Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Internet resources


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Aliev K.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

//Server of Rostov State University.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Artistic


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Geza Gardoni.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

“The Invisible Man” (historical novel) /"A láthatatlan ember” (1901)


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Bilyk Ivan.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Areya's sword.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: A. S. K., 2005.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 384 p. — ISBN 966-539-482-7.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

[Pseudo-historical novel. Attila as “Kyiv prince” Bogdan Gatilo]


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Soloviev A. P. Attila: Attila's treasures.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Armada, 1997.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 476 p. — (Series: “Great Rulers in Novels”).


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— ISBN 5-7632-0148-5.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

William Dietrich.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

A scourge of God.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

—: Eksmo, 2008.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— 480 p. — Historical Novel series.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

— ISBN 978-5-699-27910-4.


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

References


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

on YouTube


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Category:Hunnu


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Category:History of Russia up to the 8th century


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Category:Ancient peoples


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Category:Mongolian peoples


Question: Who was the main ally of the Hung Power during the Hun-China War?

Huns

Category:Mongols


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Bartholomew's Night (French: massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) was a Huguenot massacre in France, staged by Catholics on the night of the year, on the eve of St. Bartholomew's Day.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

According to various estimates, about 2,000 people died in Paris on this day, and throughout France, about 30 thousand Huguenots were killed in pogroms.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

It is traditionally believed that Bartholomew's Night was provoked by Catherine de Medici, mother of King Charles IX of France, under pressure from Italian advisers such as Albert de Gondi and Ludovico Gonzaga.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The massacre occurred six days after the wedding of the royal daughter Margaret to the Protestant Henry of Navarre, in connection with which many of the richest and most prominent Huguenots gathered in predominantly Catholic Paris.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The massacre began a year, on the eve of St. Bartholomew's Day, two days after the attempted assassination of Admiral Gaspard Coligny, the military and political leader of the Huguenots.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Background


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

An objectionable union and an objectionable marriage


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The massacre on St. Bartholomew's Day was the culmination of a number of events: the Treaty of Germain from year to year, which ended the third religious war in France, the wedding of Huguenot Henry of Navarre with Margaret Valois of the Year and the failed assassination attempt of Admiral Coligny of the Year.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The Peace of Saint-Germain put an end to three years of civil war between Catholics and Protestants, but raised fears because the most radical Catholics refused to recognize it.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The Giza family, who headed the most radical Catholic faction, sought to prevent the presence of the Huguenot leader, Admiral Gaspard Coligny, at court.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

However, Catherine de Medici and her son Charles IX tried in every possible way to cool the militant mood of their co-religionists.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

In addition, they were accompanied by financial difficulties that forced them to maintain peace and remain on friendly terms with Coligny.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The Huguenots had a well-armed army, generous appropriations of their aristocrats, and controlled the fortified cities of La Rochelle, Cognac and Montauban.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Both parties did not support Spain (the transfer of Burgundy, Provence) and England (the return of Calais and Guyenne) on unselfish terms [1]


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

To consolidate peace between the two opposing sides, Catherine de Medici has planned for years the wedding of her daughter Margaret Valois to Protestant Prince Henry of Navarre, the future king Henry IV.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

But neither the Pope, nor the Spanish King Philip II, nor the most zealous Catholics of France shared Catherine's policy.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The course of events


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The upcoming marriage was the reason for the gathering in Paris of a large number of eminent Protestants who came to accompany their Prince Henry to the wedding ceremony.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

But Paris was dominated by anti-Huguenot sentiment, and Parisians, the vast majority of whom were Catholics, found the presence of Huguenot leaders unacceptable.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

In the parliament of Paris itself, it was decided to disdain the marriage ceremony.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The hatred of Catholic commoners was fueled by bad harvests, increased taxes [2], and higher prices for food and basic necessities.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Ordinary citizens were outraged by the ostentatious luxury arranged on the occasion of the royal wedding.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The royal court itself was extremely divided.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Catherine de Medici did not receive permission from the Pope for this marriage, so the French prelates were at a crossroads.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

It took the Queen a lot of effort to persuade Cardinal Charles de Bourbon (the only Catholic in the Bourbon family) to marry the couple.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

There was a confrontation among Catholics, but the Giza were not ready to confront their competitors, the house of Montmorency.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The governor of Paris, Francois de Montmorency, feeling unable to maintain order in the city and anticipating an explosive situation, left the city a few days before the wedding.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The mother of the French king Charles IX and the ruler of France Catherine de Medici ordered the massacre of the Huguenots after the attempted murder of the leader of the Huguenots Gaspar de Coligny failed.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

De Coligny increasingly influenced Charles IX and urged him to support the Protestant uprising in Flanders against King Philip II of Spain, sending against him a combined army of Catholics and Huguenots.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

He saw this as the only alternative to the civil war in France, but hindered Catherine's plans to establish peace with Spain.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

At the same time, it should be noted that Catherine de Medici's course is certain validity, since France, weakened by ten years of civil wars, could hardly unite against a common enemy, and even so more to defeat Spain, which was at the height of its power.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

According to historians and fiction writers [3], the Queen Mother did not plan to massacre the Huguenots.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Initially, it was planned to eliminate Coligny and about a dozen other main military leaders of the Huguenots, as well as the capture of the nominal leaders of the Huguenot Party - the princes of the House of Bourbon - Henry Navarre and his cousin, Prince de Conde.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The hatred of the Parisian population towards the Huguenots, as well as the long-standing enmity of the family clans of Coligny and Giza, turned the planned action into a massacre.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Easily recognizable by their black clothes, the Huguenots became easy prey for mad murderers who gave no mercy to anyone, be they old people, children, or women.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The city was at the mercy of raging mob.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The dead were undressed — many also wanted to profit from their clothes.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

In such chaos, it was possible to safely rob a neighbor, deal with the creditor, or even with a boring wife.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

No one tracked who was dying under swords, Huguenot or Catholic.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

In the end, the king ordered the streets of Paris to be immediately put in order.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

It is believed that the signal for the beginning of the massacre sounded from the bell tower of the Church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

However, Agrippa d'Aubigne writes about the bell of the royal chapel: “... so that they know the hour of execution by the ringing of a large bell in the palace...”, “she (the queen) accelerates the alarm in the palace, ordering them to ring one and a half hours before the bell of Saint-Germain-Auxerrois” [4] [5].


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

A wave of violence swept through Paris and later other cities and villages, and resulted in a nationwide massacre that lasted several weeks.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The number of victims is still a subject of controversy among historians, but most of them believe that the number of victims ranges from 5,000 to 30,000 people.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The massacre was a radical change in the Religious Wars in France.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The Huguenots suffered a crushing blow, as a result of which they lost many of their prominent leaders.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The massacre was “the most terrible religious massacre of the century” [6], and throughout Europe it “left an indelible mark on the minds of Protestants and the belief that Catholicism was a bloody and treacherous religion” [7].


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Meaning


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

During the religious wars in France, it was not uncommon for Catholics to be beaten by Huguenots, for example, Michelade in Nimes on St. Michael's Day in 1567. However, it was Bartholomew's Night that struck the imagination of contemporaries and overshadowed other events of the confrontation between Catholics and Huguenots [8].


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

After Bartholomew's Night, about 200 thousand Huguenots fled to neighboring states.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

England, Poland, and German duchies expressed their dissatisfaction with this outrageous outbreak of violence.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible also condemned this treatment of the people (his letter of condemnation was written two years after the Novgorod pogrom.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Bartholomew's Night Victims and Survivors


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

From August to October, similar excesses broke out in many other cities in France, such as Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lyon, Bourges, Rouen and Orleans.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

About 6 thousand people died in them.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The princes of blood, Henry of Navarre and Henry de Conde, were pardoned on condition of converting to Catholicism.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

The known victims were [10]


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

in Paris:


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

François-Jean-Gervais de Barbier, Señor de Francourt


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Gayo de Crussol, señor de Bodisner


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Bernard-Roger de Commenge, Viscount de Brunickel


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Jean-Roger de Commenge, Señor de Brunickel


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Germain Garro


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Antoine de Marasin, Señor de Gershi


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Jerome de Grolot


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Gaspard de Coligny, Comte de Chatillon, admiral of France, was killed (presumably) by German mercenary Bam at his home, along with his son-in-law de Teligny, valet Labom and other nobles of the admiral's retinue


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Francois-Nompart de Caumont, Señor de Castelnau


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Armand de Caumont, Señor de Castelnau


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Charles de Bommanoir, Señor de Lawardin


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Francois de La Rochefoucauld III, Prince de Marcillac,


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Francois de Monein, señor


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

señor de montmore


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Guillaume d'Astarac, Baron de Montama


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Pompe de Carnase, señor de Montaubert


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Jean de Segur, Baron de Pardallan, killed by the Swiss in the courtyard of the Louvre


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Denis Perrault


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Armand de Clermont, Baron de Pile, killed by the Swiss in the courtyard of the Louvre along with Pardallan, Saint Martin and Beauvais


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Etienne de Chevalier, Señor de Prune


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Christophe de Clevo, Señor de Puyvio


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Antoine de Clermont, Señor d'Amboise, Marquis de Renelle


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Pierre de Brichanto, Señor de Saint-Martin de Nizel


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Charles de Kelnec, Baron du Pont de Soubiz


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Charles de Teligny, señor de Montreul


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Francois de Beauvais, Señor de Bricmaux


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Arnaud de Cavan


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

humanist philosopher Pierre de la Ramet


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Breu, a scientist and educator of Conde, was killed in the prince's room, despite the latter's intercession.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

chevalier burs [11]


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

in Lyon:


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

composer Claude Goudimel.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Despite the huge sacrifices, many Protestants, including prominent nobles, managed to escape in one way or another.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

So, we managed to avoid death:


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Henry de Bourbon, King of Navarre (future King Henry IV of France)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Conde


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Rene (Renata) of France, Duchess of Chartres and Montargis


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Geoffroy de Caumont, Abbot de Clayrac


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Jacques-Nompart de Caumont, Duke of La Force (nephew of the previous and future marshal of France)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Maximilien de Bethune, Baron de Rony (future Duke of Sully and Minister of Finance; his father also managed to escape).


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

He walked from the College of Burgundy through Paris, clutching books of hours in his hands.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Nicolas Rouault, Señor de Gamache (one of the four prominent Protestants Charles IX saved his life)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Antoine I d'Or, Viscount d'Aster, Comte de Grammon (one of the four prominent Protestants Charles IX saved his life)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Guy-Paul de Coligny, Comte de Laval de Montfori (Admiral's nephew)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Francois de Coligny, Señor de Chatillon (son of an admiral)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Jean de Bommanoir, Marquis de Lawardin (future Marshal of France)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Francois IV de La Rochefoucauld, Count (son of the murdered)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Francois de Beaune, Duke of Lesdiguieres (future Marshal of France)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Gabriel de Montgomery, Señor de Lorges, Count


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Guillaume de Sallust, Señor Du Bartas (French diplomat and poet)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Philippe Du Plessis-Morne (publicist and diplomat)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Theodore Agrippa d'Aubigne (poet and historian)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Philip Sidney (English poet and public figure)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Ambroise Paré (personal physician of French kings)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Jean de Rogan, Señor de Frontenay


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Jean II de Ferrieres, Señor de Maligny, views of Chartres


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Geraud de Lohmagne, Viscount de Serignac


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Rene de Frott, señor de Seil


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Guillaume de Clugny, Baron de Conforgien


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Francois de Brickville, Baron de Colombières


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Jean de Beauvais, Señor de Bricmaux


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Guy de Montferrand, Baron de Langoiran


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Olivier d'Allenville, Señor de La Motte-Juranville


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Gabriel de Levy, Baron de Léran


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Francois de Rabodange, señor


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Jean de La Tour, Señor de Regnier


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Guy de Saint-Gélie, Señor de Lansac


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Gilles de Mascou, Señor de Saint-Etienne


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Chevalier de Miossan, first nobleman of Henry of Navarre's entourage


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Chevalier d Armagnac, valet of Henry of Navarre


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Gaston de Levy, Viscount de Leran, was rescued by Baron de Nancy, captain of the Royal Guard


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Baron de Pardailan, the father of the victim, escaped with the Earl of Montgomery by crossing the river to the suburb of Saint-Germain [12]


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Bartholomew's Night in Art


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

In fiction


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

K. Marlo.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

“The Paris Massacre”


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

A. Dumas.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Koroleva Margot


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

A. d'Aubigne.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

“The Blades” (French: Fers) from Tragic Poems [fr]


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

P. Merimee.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

“Chronicle of the reign of Charles IX”


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

G. Mann.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

“The Young Years of King Henry IV”


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

M. Zevako.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

“Pardalians [fr]” Volume 2, “Chevalier Love”


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

P. Ponson du Terrail.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

“Bartholomew's Night”


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Victoria Holt, The Scarlet Cloak (English: The Scarlet Cloak, 1957)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

K. AND. Kurbatov said.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Geoffroy Vallee the Heretic


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Bella Akhmadulina.


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

“Bartholomew's Night”


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Opera


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Giacomo Meyerbeer “Huguenots” (Les Huguenots, 1836)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Movie


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Queen Margot (1954 film)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Queen Margot (1994 film)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Queen Margot (TV series)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Intolerance (1916 film, dir. D. Y. Griffith)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Henry of Navarre [fr] (2010 film)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Princess de Montpensier (2010 film)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Doctor Who (TV series), St. Bartholomew's Eve Massacre (1966)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

music


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Margenta, “Bartholomew's Night” 2nd track of the album “Dynasty of the Initiates: Children of Savonarola” (2009)


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Notes


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Literature


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

References


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Category:Massacres


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Category:Reformation in France


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Category:Huguenot Wars


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Category:1572 in France


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Category:Pogroms


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Category:Nights with personal name


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Category:Massacres in France


Question: When was Bartholomew's Night?

Bartholomew's Night

Category:Royal Weddings


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Soda Stereo (Soda Stereo) is an Argentine rock band.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

It was founded in Buenos Aires (Argentina) in 1982.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The band is considered one of the most important in the history of Latin American rock.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In 1997, it broke up due to personal problems and creative disagreements between musicians.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

At the end of 2007, the band announced a reunion for their only tour, “Me Verás Volver” (“You'll See, I'll Be Back”).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The band's four albums were included in the list of the top 250 albums of all time of Latin rock: “Canción Animal” (No. 2), “Comfort y Música Para Volar” (No. 15), “Signos” (No. 40) and “Sueño Stereo” (No. 41).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Their song “De Música Ligera” is the fourth best song of all time, both Latin rock in general and Argentine rock in particular.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

With the videos “En la Ciudad de la Furia” and “Ella Usó Mi Cabeza Como Un Revolver”, they won the Latin American MTV Award.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In 2002, the band was awarded the MTV Legend of Latin America Award.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Over the 15 years of its existence, the band has given about 1,200 solo concerts in 137 cities in Latin America and Spain.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

A phrase spoken by Gustavo Cerati at their last concert before the band's breakup on September 20, 1997, after their hit “De música ligera”, “Gracias... totals” (“Thank you all.. Final”) has already become a winged one and is still in use in Latin America.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

After the breakup of the band, all members continued to study music, starting a solo career or creating new bands.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Roster


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Gustavo Cerati — vocals, guitar (died 2014)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Zeta Bosio — bass guitar, backing vocals


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Charlie Alberti — drums


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

History


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In the summer of 1982, Gustavo and Hector (Zeta) met for the first time in Uruguay — Cerati with his band 'Sauvage' and Zeta Bosio with 'The Morgan'.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Cerati and Bosio's musical tastes were very similar and soon they started playing music together.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Later, they had the idea of creating their own punk rock band, working in the style of their favorite bands, The Police and The Cure, but in their own language and with their own ideas and themes for songs.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Carlos Fixicia (Charlie) met for some time with Maria Laura Cerati, Gustavo's sister, whom he soon met.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Charlie's father was a famous jazz musician, Gustavo and Zeta decided to listen to Charlie play, and soon he was accepted into the band as a third member.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

After considering several variants of the band's name (for example, Aerosol, Side Car), they were called “Los Estereotipos” - “Stereotypes”, influenced by the song The Specials.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The name lasted several months.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Three songs belong to this time “¿Por qué no puedo ser del jet-set?” , “Dime Sebastián” and “Debo soñar”, which also featured Daniel Melero (keyboards) and Ulises Butrón (guitar).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Then, as variants of the names, “Soda” and “Estéreo” appeared, which as a result were transformed into “Soda Stéreo”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

For the first time under this name, they performed on December 19, 1982 at the birthday party of Alfredo Lois, their university friend who will become the future director of most of their videos and the creator of everything concerned the appearance of the band (hairstyles, clothes, scene design, etc.).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Luis was one of those who was called “el cuarto Soda” (“fourth member of Soda, her quarter”).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In order to add heaviness to the music, Richard Coleman was invited as second guitarist, but after a while Richard himself noticed that before his appearance, the band played much more organically, and voluntarily gave up such an attractive place in the group.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Thus, the band finally became a trio: Gustavo Cerati, Zeta Bosio and Charly Alberti.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

From that moment on, Soda Stereo became part of the underground music movement of Buenos Aires, and stood on a par with such bands (also formed at the same time) as Sumo, Los Twist, Los Encargados and others.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

They performed in the traditional legendary cabaret club Marabú.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In their first performances, they performed things such as “Héroes de la Serie”, “La Vi Parada Allí” and “Vamos a la Playa” that were never recorded, except for some recordings that did appear on their second demo CD.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Luca Prodan (who was usually in a tough confrontation with Cerati) once joined the band's performance at Café Einstein, only to perform one of The Police's songs together.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In 1983, radio host Lalo Mir decided to try launching the band's second demo album on his 9PM program on Radio Del Plata, with the songs “¿Por qué no puedo ser del jet- set?” , “Dietético” and “Te hacen falta vitaminas”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

So the band gradually began to gain fame.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

They were invited to play in clubs.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

At one of these concerts at Bar Zero (one of Buenos Aires's prestigious underground venues at the time), next to Café Einstein, they were spotted by Horacio Martínez, a famous “wanted man talents” of Argentine rock.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

He loved Soda and helped them with their first professional record for CBS, and took care of them until mid-1984, when the company transformed into Rodríguez Ares.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Even then, Soda Stereo was a band that paid a lot of attention to appearance and image, and long before recording their first album, they decided to shoot the video at their own expense.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Alfredo Luis became responsible for all visual and graphic activities of the band (from scenery to poster design for live performances of the band).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

It was his idea to release a video before the disc, which seems common now, but was completely atypical for the time.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The song “Dietético” was chosen.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The shooting was carried out by the Cablevisión cable team, where Zeta Bosio worked as an assistant producer.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

First album and Chateau Rock '85 (1984—1985)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The video “Dietético” was already successfully rotated on “Música Total” on Canal 9, when in the second half of 1984, the band recorded their first album, “Soda Stéreo”, produced by Federico Moura (Federico Moura is the vocalist of Virus), who knew Gustavo well personally, which resulted in a rapprochement between the two bands.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The recording took place in the old CBS studio on Paraguay Street, and although the band did not sound as bright on the recording as in the live performance, everyone was satisfied with the work done.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The band was still assisted with keyboards by Daniel Melero (who is the author of one of the band's hits, “Trátame suavemente”) and Gonzo Palacios on the saxophone.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

They were designated as “guest musicians”, but due to the fact that they were “invited” almost constantly, fans and musicians themselves perceived them as equal members of the band.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The album was officially released on October 1 and was organized by Ares.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

It was held in the form of a performance that had never been practiced in Argentina before.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The scene was the central establishment of the Pumper Nic eatery chain (the video and location symbolically played on the name and meaning of the song “Dietético”), popular among young people in the 80s.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The feedback in the press was positive and immediate.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The venues assembled by the band are gradually increasing — from La Esquina del Sol in Palermo (December 1 and 2) — their first large stage, where they performed with bands of the first magnitude, to the Teatro Astros on December 14 1984, where the entire CD was played live for the first time.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

By the end of the year, Sodu Stereo was already recognized as “Discovery of the Year”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

With the advent of fans, the band also had opponents: for example, the classic confrontation in Argentina Soda vs.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Redondos (the full name of the band is Patricio Rey y y sus redonditos de Ricota.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In early 1985, the band changed agencies, leaving Rodríguez Ares for Ohanián Producciones, directed by Alberto Ohanián, and hired as a guest keyboardist Fabián “Vön” Quintiero (in the future Los Ratones Paranóicos), who also became one of the “cuarto Soda”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On January 26, they left Buenos Aires to participate in the Rock In Bali de Mar del Plata Festival and on March 17 at the Chateau Rock '85 Festival held at the Chateau Carreras Stadium (Córdoba) .


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In official biographies, a lot of attention is paid to this event, because the band performed in front of 15 thousand people for the first time.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

However, Córdoba sources indicate half the number of people and say that Raúl Porchetto was received much better than Soda, due to their newly released CD, which has not yet had time become popular.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

However, this performance was the starting point for the band's popularity.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The band's success came during a turbulent period of time — democracy returned to Argentina (December 10, 1983), but postmodern concepts were used and art welcomed themes describing the formation democracy and an end to bloody dictatorships and wars.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Later, Zeta Bosio described this time as follows: “Democracy has become adrenaline, something new. Something was going on and we knew that everything and everything would change now, but we didn't know how yet. And we were a boy group that wanted to make a kind of stir, a shake. We paid a lot of attention to punk ideas and wanted to show people that there are some other things and values that are more obvious (correct) . “


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On June 21, 22 and 23, 1985, they returned to the Teatro Astros in Buenos Aires with songs that would later be released on their second album, “Nada personal”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On October 13 of the same year, Soda appeared in front of a large audience of Buenos Aires on the third night of the Festival Rock & Pop at the Estadio José Amalfitani Stadium, performing with such performers and bands such as INXS, Nina Hagen, Charly García, Virus and Sumo.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Nada Personal (1985—1986)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The second album, “Nada Personal”, was released in October 1985.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

During the summer, the band toured some Argentine tourist centers (Mar del Plata, Villa Gesell y Pinamar), took part in the Festival de La Falda in Cordoba with the participation of Andres Calamaro ( Andrés Calamaro) and Charlie García (Charly García).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In April, it was decided to officially present the album in the form of a concert at the Estadio Obras Sanitarias stadium, which attracted a total of 20,000 spectators in three days.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

There was also a documentary that was released a few months later.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

After these concerts, sales of the album began to grow rapidly, and the status of the album from gold (which it received during the summer) went platinum.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The CD has more mature lyrics and music than the debut disc, but there are also dance motifs.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The disc symbolized the fact that the audience finally accepted Soda Stereo.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In June 1986, the trio recorded a second video clip, “Cuando pase el temblor”, again under the direction of Alfredo Luis, in the ruins of Pucará de Tilcara (Jujuy province).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

This video later became a finalist for the Twelfth World Festival of Video and TV in Acapulco.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The Conquest of America (1986—1989)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

At the end of 1986, Soda Stereo conducted its first Latin American tour (as part of the presentation of the album “Nada Personal”).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The band performed in Colombia (November 6-7-9-18 in Bogotá and November 8 in Medellín), Peru (November 14-15-16 in Lima, November 12 in Arequipa and November 13 in Trujillo) and Chile, with great success.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

At that time, Latin American countries were not integrated with each other in the music market, and bands usually toured only in their home country.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The success of Argentine Soda was especially great in Chile, where the band gave four recitals in Santiago (November 21-23-24-25) and one in Valparaiso (November 22), during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Gustavo Cerati later spoke about this trip: “It was very unexpected, because we were only known there 2 or 3 months before... []... In general, it was an interesting time, we left for the first time countries. In Argentina, some things (in terms of music) were more progressive back then, and we could judge this because we went to a lot of places there, underground clubs. After Chile, we were very happy because we wanted fame, popularity, sell a lot of CDs, and we thought we were the best band in the world! In fact, it's a pretty weird feeling when you can't just leave the hotel because of all this craziness. Sometimes we thought we were living just like in one of those Beatles movies, and it amused us, allowed us to distract ourselves.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Sales of CDs in Peru were huge, and the band revolutionized the existing music market in the country.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

All three of their concerts at Coliseo Amauta were sold out.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The press described the state of the public as “social hysteria” because of crying, deafening cries of fans, tantrums and fainting.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

These performances are compared to The Beatles' famous performance at Shea Stadium.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On November 10, 1986, the band released their third album, “Signos”, which included a song of the same name and a hit like “Persiana Americana”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Fabián Vön Quintiero (keyboards), Richard Coleman (guitar) and Celsa Mel Gowland (backing vocals) took part in the recording of the album.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In addition, “Signos” was the first CD of all Argentine rock, released in the format of a “compact disc” — CD.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

It was manufactured in the Netherlands and distributed throughout Latin America.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

During the Signos tour, they performed for the first time in Ecuador on December 3, and on January 9 and 10, 1987 in Uruguay (Punta del Este and Montevideo).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On February 11 and 12, 1987, Soda Stereo reappeared in Chile, this time at the Viña del Mar Festival, where they won the Antorcha de Plata Award (Silver Torch), and surprised the media present with the number of their fans (120 cases of “mass hysteria” were recorded).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The Viña Del Mar Festival was broadcast in many Latin American countries, which made Soda famous throughout the continent, after which a large-scale phenomenon called “sodamanía” (“sodomania”, by analogy with “Beatlemania”).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Two months later, on April 23, records for attendance at solo rock concerts in Paraguay, at the Yacht Club, were broken.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Meanwhile, “Signos” went platinum in Argentina, three times platinum in Peru and twice platinum in Chile.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On May 2, the band appeared at the Highland Road de San Nicolás disco in Buenos Aires, where five people died during the break and more than a hundred were injured when “Persiana Americana” was played.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Therefore, when the band had to present the album “Signos” at the Obras Stadium on May 8 and 9, they were burdened by a strong emotional burden.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

As a sign of mourning and condolences, the band did not use the scenography or lighting effects that they were preparing for this performance.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In the same year, they went on a second tour, which was even more successful.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The band performed in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica and Mexico (the first show in Mexico was August 4, 1987, at Magic Circus del D.F.)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

They held 22 concerts in 17 cities, for almost 350,000 people, thanks to them the concept of “Latin rock” (which is outside the nationality, but “belongs” to the continent).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The material recorded during the tour was released as a “live” album Ruido Blanco (1987), mixed on the island of Barbados and called the Argentine version of Rolling Stone magazine the fifth album on the list best Argentine rock live albums.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Since 1988, the musicians began working on a new CD produced by Puerto Rican Carlos Alomar, who worked with such giants of the world stage as David Bowie, Mick Jagger, Paul McCartney and Iggy Pop.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

“Doble Vida” includes songs “Picnic en el 4B”, “En la Ciudad de la Furia”, “Lo que Sangra (La Cúpula)”, “Corazón Delator”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The album was fully recorded in New York.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

This was also the first time that an Argentine band had recorded their CD in another country.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The video “En la ciudad de la furia” became the Best Foreign Video at the MTV Music Awards (at that time there was no separate Latin American MTV).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

After more than a year without performing in Buenos Aires, Soda presents the album “Doble Vida” on the hockey field of the Obras Sanitarias Stadium in front of 25,000 people.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

They closed the “Festival of Three Days” (Festival Tres Días) dedicated to Democracy, which took place at the intersection of Liberator Street and 9th of July Street in front of 150,000 people, along with artists such as Luis Alberto Spinetta, Fito Paes, Los Ratones Paranoicos, Man Ray and others.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

When the album sold one million copies, Soda again embarked on a 30-concert tour, which ended in Mexico.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In late 1989, they recorded a new version of “Languis” (a song released on the album “Doble vida”) and a new song, “Mundo de quimeras”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

They were released as the maxi single “Languages” in 1989.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The album also includes remixes of the songs “En el borde” and “Lo que sangra (la cúpula)”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The band then gave two concerts at The Palace (Los Ángeles), becoming the second Spanish-speaking band to perform in the United States, after Miguel Mateos


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Dedication: Canción Animal (1990—1991)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In early 1990, Soda Stereo performed at the Estadio José Amalfitani Stadium, with the English duo Tears For Fears (audience of 32,000 people).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

At this concert, in the song “Terapia de amor intensiva”, they were accompanied on guitar by David Lebón (ex-guitarist for the very famous rock bands Pescado Rabioso and Serú Girán in Argentina).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

As a result of the continental success, the European MTV News network drew attention to what is happening in Latin America in terms of rock development and for the first time dedicated a special program to a band that does not sing in English.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In June, Soda Stereo traveled to the United States to release a new album at Estudios Criteria (Miami).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

An important contribution to the album was made by Daniel Melero and Andrea Álvarez, then prominent people in the world of Latin rock.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The result was the album “Canción Animal” (1990), which is still considered one of the best albums in all Latin rock.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The most famous song from the album is “De música ligera”, and the album also includes several songs that have become classics of the band, “Canción animal”, “Un millón de años luz”, “En el séptimo día” and “Té para tres”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The new album also meant the band's first appearance with a Spanish audience, with concerts in Madrid, Oviedo, Seville, Valencia and Barcelona in May 1992.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Compared to how they were received in Latin America, the reception in Spain was much cooler, which gave the musician the opportunity to look at things more soberly, not lose his sense of reality and incentives to further development.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The “Animal Tour” (La Gira Animal (1990—1991) in support of the album was unprecedented in scale and has not yet been repeated by any band.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In Argentina alone, thirty cities were “covered”, including places where groups of the scale of Soda Stereo had never appeared before (San Juan: Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz, Junín, Clorinda, Puerto Iguazú, Corrientes, Posadas, Chascomús, Mar del Plata, Comodoro Rivadavia, Trelew, Neuquén, Santa Rosa, Trenque Lauquen, Mendoza, Córdoba, Río Cuarto, Santiago del Estero, San Miguel de Tucumán, Salta, Sario, Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Pergamino).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In other countries: Santiago - Chile, Asunción -Paraguay, Punta del Este, Barquisimeto, Caracas, Valencia, Mérida, San Cristóbal, México D.F., Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexicali y Tijuana.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The tour closed with fourteen concerts at the Gran Rex Theater in Buenos Aires.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

A recording of the last of these concerts on the night of July 9, 1991 was released as a Rex Mix disc (1991), as well as a new song, “No necesito verte (para saberlo)”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On December 21, 1991, a free concert was held on 9th of July Street in Buenos Aires, one of the series organized by the Municipality of Buenos Aires and called “My Favorite Buenos Aires II” (Mi Buenos Aires Querido II), which, in addition, was broadcast live on television.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Soda Stereo gathered two hundred and fifty thousand people (and according to some reports, five hundred thousand).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

This is the largest number of people who have ever gathered in the country for musical events.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The second place here is occupied by Luciano Pavarotti, who gathered two hundred thousand people in the same place in the same year.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

People danced and sang along with the band right on the street.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

After that, the musicians said that performing there, they felt “at the peak of their careers” and felt the support of people.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Zeta Bosio recalls: “There was a lot of energy coming from the street itself, and it's our hometown, thank God! And I think all of these factors added together gave us the feeling that we've already got everything we wanted.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

After such a sensation, it was almost natural that there was a period of some disorder in the group.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Cerati explained it this way: “It's hard to find an incentive to do anything after this... Standing in front of a huge crowd of people chanting your name in chorus is certainly a great shock and experience... And Now, it feels like we have to start all over again...”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

It was at this time that Gustavo began, while still working in Soda, to project an album with Daniel Melero, “Colores Santos”, with guest artists Flavio Echeto and Carola Boni.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Experiments: Dynamo (1992—1994)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

From that moment on, the participants of Soda decided to forget about the stage for a while and agreed to experiment, engage in “sound movement”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

And in late 1992, they released their ninth album, “Dynamo”, and performed six concerts in support of it at the Estadio Obras.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Each show featured different guest bands and headliners (Babasónicos, Juana La Loca, Martes Menta and Tía Newton).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The “sound action”, part of which was made up of Demonios de Tasmania and Los Brujos, was later transformed into the so-called “New Argentine Rock” (Attaque 77, Massacre and El Otro Yo).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Gustavo Cerati: “... Then Dynamo came out, the essence of which was to take our own Canción Animal and destroy it. It's as if we were doing “Canción Animal” underwater. We wanted to reproduce these sounds so that we could see something more in the songs, something hypnotic. The idea was to mix more dance and trance music with songs of our usual style. I know that the CD is loved by those who love this kind of music at all... This also applies to me.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

“Dynamo” did not sell as well as expected, but it did, largely because the band had already decided to change the record label.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Thus, it turned out that Sony no longer wanted to promote and advertise the project that decided to terminate its contract, and BMG could not do it yet, because formally Soda was still was owned by Sony Music.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In January 1993, Soda Stereo embarked on her sixth round.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In the middle of the tour, the band took a long vacation, which gave rise to rumors of the band's breakup.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

1994 was the worst year for Soda.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On July 4, Tobias, the young son of Zeta Bosio, died in a car accident, who was emotionally affected both personally and professionally.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

By unanimous decision, they took a “time out” and even considered the possibility of a final collapse.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Gustavo took up his first completely solo album, “Amor Amarillo”; Zeta devoted himself to working in other bands (Peligrosos Gorriones, Aguirre), and Charlie left the music for a while and took up personal affairs .


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

At the end of the year, “Zona de Promesas” was released, composed of remixes of the band's hits and some previously unreleased songs, one of which gave the album its name.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Sueño Stereo (1995—1997)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In 1995, after three years of lull in discography, the trio returned with the album “Sueño Stereo”, with their seventh and final studio album.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Released on June 29, it almost immediately went platinum.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Includes the hit “Zoom”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The video for the song “Ella usó mi cabeza como un revólver” won the 1996 MTV Award, by popular vote.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

As for the title of the song, there are still rumors that the word “she” means cocaine, as it is also referred to as a feminine word in Spanish, and the song contains the lines “You're not believe the things I did for her.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Gustavo himself does not give an accurate explanation of the song.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Gustavo Cerati: “It took two and a half years to finish the album “Sueño Stereo”. It would probably be immodest to say that this album is a masterpiece for Soda Stereo, but at that time it was, because we were actually deprived of the need to continue working with the band in the future, or the need to just be the best for the next ten years. We've already been through a lot, and the band already felt like a “living classic”. On the other hand, we were very proud of the “Dynamo” album. All these factors increased the pressure and made it more difficult to work on Sueño Stereo. We could no longer do something mediocre, we had to correspond to the level. Also, after so long, we had to get together and just work to make the music composed at ease, try not to think about what had already happened to us, or something. After all, Sueño Stereo is one of the most innovative CDs in our career. Because of its sound, lyrics, music.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

“Sueño Stereo” is filled with symbolism.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The loudspeaker was used as the main symbol: the cover shows three loudspeakers (the largest in the center), resembling eggs surrounded by sperm cells (headphones play the role).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The loudspeaker as a symbol also appears in the clip “Ella usó mi cabeza como un revólver”, which shows two characters called “sneaky twins” stuffed with countless of these fixtures, and leather walls, also covered with loudspeakers.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

This is followed again by a tour that began in Buenos Aires (Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Mexico and the United States — Los Angeles, Chicago, New York and Miami) and ended on April 24, 1996 at the Teletón Theater (Santiago, Chile).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

They also gave a free recital in honor of the 113th anniversary of La Plata (the capital of the province of Buenos Aires) in front of 200,000 people.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In mid-1996, they were invited by MTV to record the famous “unplugged” series of “unplugged” concerts in Miami, where they performed songs: Un misil en mi placard, En la ciudad de la furia (with Andrea Echeverry), Entre Caníbales, Pasos, Zoom, Cuando pase el temblor, Té para tres, Angel eléctrico, Terapia de amor intensiva, Disco Eterno, Ella usó mi cabeza como un revólver, Paseando por Roma, Génesis.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

After being denied several times, Soda finally obtained permission to use “plugged” instruments at an “unplugged” concert, such as electric guitars.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

But they rearranged to record the classic look of their songs, which became slower and more technically complex, plus Andrea Echeverry's female vocals (Aterciopelados) in the famous version of the song “En la ciudad de la furia”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

For this reason, on the cover of the disc, in the word “unplugged”, the prefix “un” seems to be blurred.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Some of the songs were released on Comfort y Música Para Volar (1996).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The final and full version of this album was released only in 2007.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The album also included four new songs that were not included on “Sueño Stereo” and an interactive comic book track animated in video and presented on MTV.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On October 30, Soda Stereo became the first Latin American band to perform an interactive concert broadcast on the Internet in Mario Pergolini's program “¿Cuál es?” (“Which one?”) in the building of a musical instrument store in Buenos Aires.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The Finals (1997)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The final breakup was preceded by a long lull, with the exception of the band's participation in the recording of Queen's tribute album (“Tributo a Queen: Los Grandes del Rock en Español”), where they performed the song “Algún día” (original - “Some day”).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On May 1, 1997, Soda Stereo officially announced its dissolution through a press release.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The next day, all newspapers widely discussed the event, and Clarín devoted the entire front page to the article.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

A day later, Gustavo wrote a so-called “Farewell Letter” in Sí (Clarín's youth app):


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

“I write these lines under the impression of how I feel these days — on the street, among the people around me, our fans, and in myself... I share the sadness that the news has made on you about our breakup. Yes, I'm in this state too, because there haven't been so many things in my life that are as important to me as Soda Stereo. We all understand that any team is impossible without conflicts. This is a delicate balance in the struggle of ideas of a few people — few could maintain it for fifteen years, and we are proud to have been able to do so. But lately, various personal and musical failures have begun to undermine this balance. The excuse for us may be the reluctance to further confrontation and, finally, the fact that we did not think about the future of the band as we did before. This is how we cut live, first of all, fear for our morale and, also, respect for all the fans who have been with us all this for a long time. I hug you tightly.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The band made their last tour of Mexico, Venezuela and Chile.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

During the tour, live versions of the songs were recorded, released on two separate CDs called El Último Concierto “A” y “B” (“Last Concerto. Parts “A” and “B”).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

This tour ended on September 20 at River Plate Stadium.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The last song was the legendary “De música ligera” and the famous phrase Gustavo uttered at the time: “Without all of you, not only us, but also the people who surrounded us from the very beginning, and some of which have stayed with us so far... ¡Gracias... totals! (Thank you... full, final)”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Post-soda period


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Ironically, immediately after the breakup, rumors began to appear about the reunification of the band.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

But there was no news or TV appearances from the band itself, except for their “Last Concert” on HBO and the release of a documentary called “Soda Stereo: La Leyenda” (“Soda Stereo: Legend”), works by MTV.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Finally, in 2002, it was possible to see the trio together again on MTV Latinoamérica, where they won the Legend Award for their contribution to the development of music.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Seven years after the breakup, long-standing records that had not previously been released were found, and Sony Music announced in late 2003 that it was releasing the first Soda Stereo DVD that contained a lot of unpublished material provided by Gustavo, Zeta and Charlie, as well as people close to the band.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The result was the November 2004 film “Soda Stereo: Una parte de la Euforia (1983—1997)” (Soda Stereo: A Part of Euphoria), a documentary that summarized the band's history and included recordings Soda's performances on stage, backstage filming, interviews, soundchecks, TV shows with the band, etc. However, the DVD contained only the part of the band's story that related to Sony Music in one way or another, and not a word about the times of BMG, and therefore albums such as Sueño Stereo and Comfort y Música Para Volar.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

This made the film incomplete.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On September 20, 2005, a DVD recording of “The Last Concert” was released in Argentina.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

This DVD, unlike what HBO released, was mainly focused on a concert in Buenos Aires, had a 5.1 audio codec, and included two songs that had not previously been included on discs, “Juego de seducción” and “Sobredosis de TV”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In addition, it included video from various cameras recording the song “Primavera 0” and a 25-minute documentary about the farewell tour (videos from concerts and soundchecks in Mexico, Venezuela and Argentina).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The album also included an interview with one of the “cuarto Soda”, Alfredo Luis, who passed away in the late 90s, and this was one of his last work.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

“Me Verás Volver” (“You'll See, I'll Be Back”)


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The unification of Soda was a topic that was necessarily touched upon in any interview with all ex-members of the group, which they were pretty tired of.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In 2007, 10 years after their separation, the band decided to unite again to make a large-scale tour across the continent.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On June 6, 2007 (and officially 9), a reunion was announced for a tour titled “Me Verás Volver” (a symbolic phrase taken from their song “En la ciudad de la furia”).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The tour began on October 19 at the Estadio Monumental de River Plate in Buenos Aires.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Initially, two solo concerts were planned in Argentina, and then several more in other countries.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

But since the income that their concerts bring became clear, the geography of the tour has expanded to a continental scale.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

A third concert in Buenos Aires was immediately scheduled.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

They later added two more, and the closing was scheduled for December 15 in Cordoba, although in Buenos Aires on November 3, the band announced that the final would be here on December 21, thus originally planned The number of concerts on the River has been doubled.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In early July, Sony/BMG released Me Verás Volver (Hits & +).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The album peaked at number one in sales in Argentina and Chile.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On September 20, exactly ten years after the last concert, Soda Stereo gave a long-awaited press conference at the Club Museum, built in the historic building of the San Telmo quarter designed by Gustave Eiffel, where years earlier Soda shot “En la ciudad de la furia”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The surprise was that they began by performing several songs (the original versions of “Sobredosis de TV” and “En la ciudad de la furia”), which meant a formal return to the stage.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

All songs were performed exclusively by their trio, on three of their instruments.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

At this conference, they said that starting in 2008, they expect to return to their solo work.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

When asked by journalists what he would say this time instead of '97 gracias totals, Gustavo said: “I have no idea what I'll say... Maybe Olas totals, almost a tsunami...”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In October 2007, Sony-BMG released their full DVD “Confort y música para volar”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The turmoil on the continent caused by the return of Soda (called “el temblor”, “shiver”) has forced producers of all levels, including representatives of the Viña del Mar festival, to seek contact with the band and ask about their performances and concerts.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

But each time Gustavo replied the same thing: “Our association is only a bubble of air in time.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In the end, on October 19, Soda's expected return to the River Plate Stadium took place.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The huge poster contained a phrase made up of the titles of Soda's songs: “Cuando pase el temblor en la ciudad de la furia sonará de música ligera y estaremos prófugos detrás de la persiana americana”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

(“When the shivers subside, light music will sound in the frantic city, and we will run behind the American blinds”).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

At the concert, they were accompanied by one of the legendary “cuartos soda”, Tweety González, as well as Leandro Fresco and Leo Garcia.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

The concert lasted more than three hours and 28 songs were performed.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Before Gustavo, Zeta and Charlie appeared on stage, their tribute version of Queen's song “Algún día” was played.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Then a trio appeared and performed “Juego de seducción”, and ended with “Nada Personal” and “Te hacen falta vitaminas”, the band's earliest songs (this part of the setlist was stable at all concerts on the tour) .


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

After three recitals in Buenos Aires (October 19, 20 and 21), Soda appeared in Santiago, Chile (October 24 and 31), Guayaquili (October 27), again in Buenos Aires (November 2 and 3) in Mexico - Monterrey (9 November), Zapopan (November 12), D.F. (November 15 and 16), Los Angeles (Nov 21), Bogota (Nov 24), Panama City (Nov 28), Caracas (Nov 29), Miami (Dec 4-5), Lima (Dec 8-9) and Cordoba, Argentina (December 15).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In total, a million people attended Soda's concerts.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In the dialogues with the audience that Gustavo conducted on behalf of the band at concerts, he sometimes said “gracias...” and the whole stadium answered him: “.. totals!”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Also, once singing the song “Un millón de años luz” (which has the line “no vuelvas sin razón” — don't come back for no reason), he said, “We have a big reason to come back: YOU!”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

On December 21, 2007, his last solo concert took place in Buenos Aires, featuring three songs that had not previously been performed on tour, “Si No Fuera Por...”, “Terapia de Amor Intensiva” and “Lo que sangra (La cúpula)”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Andrea Alvarez, Richard Coleman, Fabian Fonsorrito Quinterio, Carlos Alomar and Gillespie joined the group as guest musicians.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Cerati said his “gracias totals” again after “De música ligera”, and broke the guitar at the end of “Sueles dejarme solo”.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Critics noted the high level of rehearsal and coherence of the band, and, in addition, the excellent relationship between the musicians.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Latin rock legend


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Soda Stereo is considered a legendary Latin rock band.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

First of all, it was the first local band to go outside their native country and sing in their native language, performing in the United States.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Soda opened the way for many Latin bands, destroying the eternal pop vs rock confrontation, which broke the idea that only “pop” can be popular music.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In 1996, Cerati said, “We're more of a pop band soaked in rock.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In Argentina, a country that had a strong tradition of Spanish-language rock (“national rock”), Soda marked the beginning of internationalization that brought local musicians into one big continental rock environment.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In many parts of Latin America, such as Colombia, Soda Stereo expressed the view of a new generation that was looking for a way to stand out “treintones ochenteros” (“thirties eighties”), which liked Dominican meringue (sea songs), and they also started listening to Spanish-language rock.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In Chile, Soda not only influenced generations with her appearance, music and lyrics, but also established a strong emotional connection between the band and its followers, which was a determining factor” denationalization” of a group that expresses emotions not only to the youth of one country, but simply to young people as a whole, as one community with common interests and problems, which rock'n'roll has not yet achieved in Spanish-speaking countries, due to the idiomatic barrier.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Journalist Carlos Polimeni wrote: “I was on tour with them. I saw them perform and were Anglo-Saxon heroes who sang in Castilian.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Something similar happened in Peru and Ecuador, where the band's cultural penetration into them was considered “the most important event in the history of rock” in these countries.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Nicaragua has gained a similar feeling, where “no one doubts that Soda Stereo is the backbone of rock history in Latin America...”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

In 1988, Zeta Bosio commented on this phenomenon at a press conference in Venezuela: “We are leaving Argentina and starting to move into Chile, Peru and some other countries where we have been and where we have been told I don't know that rock bands have never been here before us. They told us that this is a thing from another world, and that it will not take root here... And it is very joyful to see that it has taken root, and in every country rock is gaining its own strength...”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

But Soda's multiplier effect was primarily concentrated in Mexico.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Polemini said, “(It was Soda Stereo) who woke up Mexican rock. Dozens of Mexican groups reacted immediately: “Why don't we do what Argentine groups do? “. And it exploded in the mid-80s, which in my opinion was the most fruitful and covered the entire continent.”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Of course, the musical and cultural phenomenon that Soda Stereo represented surpassed the band itself, for reasons that rock and roll became just a means of expressing the rebellion of young people associated with changes in the life of Latin America in the 80s — the fall of dictatorships, globalization, postmodernism, the development of the information society, the growth of social inequality.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

And it was then that Soda Stereo played the role of a continental explosion of Latin rock, when every country already had fertile rebellious soil (at least in the face of young people).


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

How the Beatles and Beatlemania, Soda became a band of its time and place, creating bridges between world rock and Spanish-speaking.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

For this reason, the term “sodamanía”, used to describe the effect of Soda on Latin youth, is quite accurate.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Although before them there were bands such as La Bamba de Ritchie Valens, Los Teen Tops, Nino Bravo and Los Iracundos, Carlos Santana, Rita Lee, Charly García and G.I.T., what made Soda can be considered the main one ( fundamental) and transformational musical and cultural phenomenon throughout the continent.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Soda Stereo changed all existing paradigms, had a strong impact on the music of the 90s and early 21st century of Ibero-American culture.


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Shakira: “All my life I've been a Cerati fan — both in Soda's time and beyond. I've been to three of his concerts. Cerati and Santana have enriched me... These are my little miracles”


Question: Did Soda Stereo perform in Russia?

Soda Stereo

Gustavo Santaolaglia: “Soda Stereo is one of the most emblematic bands in Latin America.”