Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Indeed, Mani was an aesthetically developed person.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

He loved music and painting, and valued them so highly that his followers, as Augustine says, raised music to the divine source.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Nevertheless, Mani's success as an artist played the greatest role for posterity.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Mani attached both scribes and artists to help the missionaries he sent.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

In his own words, the paintings that adorned his writings were supposed to complement education for educated people, and reinforce revelation for the uneducated.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

He probably took this from the Mandeans, whose manuscripts were decorated with drawings.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Today, the style of illustrations of his manuscripts cannot be determined


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

It is likely, and legends have survived about this, that Mani created not only book drawings, but also large works on boards that delighted the audience.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

He is also credited with inventing the first Persian frescoes, which later spread to Central Asia, and one Turkic source reports that Chigil was a Manichaean sanctuary, which Mani decorated with paintings.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

The Eastern Muslim tradition praises Mani as an artist, and Muslim authors vied with each other to honor him as a magnificent master who worked miracles in art.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

For example, Abul Maali writes in his famous history of religions: “This man was a master in the art of painting... It is said that he drew a stroke on a piece of white silk in such a way that he could to stretch this piece of silk fabric over the threads, and this stroke would remain invisible.”


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Explanations to illustrations


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

A mural from the city of Hoto (Kucha) depicting Mani and his followers.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

The city was founded in the 3rd century by Mani and was an eastern outpost of Manichaeism with a strong Manichaean community.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Then Nestorians appeared among the residents, and Buddhists since the 8th century.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

However, the Manichaeans lived there until the 14th century.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

The fresco depicts the high priest wearing a characteristic headdress and with a halo.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Since Mani was revered among the Uighurs as the “Sun Moon God”, no one doubts that he is depicted in the fresco.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

However, he does not look Iranian, but a native of East Asia, and the fresco was created five to six centuries after Mani's death.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Mani's execution.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

A miniature from “Shahname” by Demott.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Mani's name appears in the epic Shahname, but the historical events in it have been changed according to the laws of the genre, for the sake of drama.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Therefore, Mani does not die here in prison, but he is stripped off the skin that hangs on a tree while the body of the prophet lies next to him.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

It is noteworthy that Roman sources reported similar information about the execution of Emperor Valerian, taken prisoner by Shapur I.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Mani presents the drawing to Bahram Guru.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

One of the many legends about Bahram Gur tells how the king fell in love with a portrait of a Chinese beauty painted for him by the artist Mani.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

In reality, Mani was not a contemporary of Bahram Gur (Varakhran V), but his ancestor of the same name Varahran I, who put the prophet in prison, where he died.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

However, the Eastern tradition of exalting Mani as an artist has created such a beautiful legend.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Notes


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Literature


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Wiedgren Geo.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Mani and Manichaeism.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

SPb., 2001.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Christianity.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Encyclopedic dictionary.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

MOSCOW, 1993—1995.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Kumon Franz.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Mysteries of Mithra.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

SPb., 2000.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Kumon Franz.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Eastern religions in Roman paganism.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

SPb., 2002.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Augustine Aurelius.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Confession.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

SPb., 1999.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Burkhard Jacob.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Century of Constantine the Great.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

M., 2003.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Adolf Julicher.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

The religion of Jesus and the beginning of Christianity to the Council of Nicene.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

— In book.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

:Early Christianity.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

M., 2001, VOL. 1.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Afonasin Ye.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

IN. Ancient Gnosticism.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Fragments and testimonies.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

SPb., 2002.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Mary Boyce.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Zoroastrians: beliefs and customs.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

SPb., 2003.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Sventsitskaya I. S. First Christians and the Roman Empire.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

M., 2003.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Ernst von Dobschutz.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

The oldest Christian communities.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

— In book.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

:Early Christianity.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

M., 2001, VOL. 1.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Dodds E.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

R. Gentile and Christian in Times of Troubles: Some Aspects of Religious Practices in the Period from Marcus Aurelius to Constantine.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

SPb., 2003.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Reeves John C. Heralds of That Good Realm.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Syro-Mesopotamian Gnosis and Jewish Tradition.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Leiden: Brill, 1996.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Aleksanyan A. G. Manichaeism in China (the experience of historical and philosophical research).


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

M., 2008.


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

References


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Category: Deaths in the 270s


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Category:Founders of Religions


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Category:Prophets


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Category:Manichaeism


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Category:Personalies:Persia


Question: When was the prophet Mani born?

Mani (prophet)

Category:Persian artists


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Stalker is a Soviet science fiction parable film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky, shot at the Mosfilm studio in 1979 based on the novel [1] “Roadside Picnic” by the Strugatsky brothers.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

One of the most significant works in the work of Andrei Tarkovsky, who said [2] that in it he “legally touched the transcendent.”


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The production of the film was accompanied by many problems and took about three years.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

When developing the film, the first version was almost completely damaged for technical reasons, and the picture was reshot three times, with three different cameramen and production designers.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film won the Ecumenical Jury Award at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The plot


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film takes place in a fictional time and space; the characters do not have names — only nicknames.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Approximately twenty years before the start of the film, a meteorite fell.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Anomalous phenomena began to occur in the area of the fall, and people began to disappear.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The place was called “Zone”, and rumors spread about a mysterious room where wishes can come true: the most cherished, the most sincere, the most suffered.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The zone was cordoned off by military cordons and surrounded by barbed wire.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The main character of the film is a recently released man from prison, who is called “Stalker” [K 1].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

He lives in poverty with his wife and sick daughter.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The stalker makes a living organizing illegal expeditions to the Zone, despite the protests of his wife.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

He was hired as a guide by the Professor and Writer.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film begins in black and white with the fact that three characters, breaking away from the military patrol, penetrate the Zone.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

This is where the painting becomes colored.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The goal of the travelers is to find that very Room.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

It turns out that the entrance to it is located a few hundred meters from the beginning of the journey.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The stalker demands that satellites unquestioningly obey his instructions, explaining that the direct path in the Zone is not the shortest.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The professor agrees, and the Writer, who went to the Zone in search of a way out of the creative crisis, is skeptical about the threats and warnings of Stalker about the danger of the Zone.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Trinity is going on a long detour.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film does not reveal exactly what the danger of traps is, but by the end of the journey, the Writer, faced with some anomalies, no longer argues with Stalker.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Having safely avoided all the traps of the Zone, including the most dangerous of them, the “meat grinder”, the heroes get to the Room.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The professor, as it turns out, was not intended to make a wish, but to destroy the Room, and he brought to the Zone a 20-kiloton bomb he and his colleagues had created.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

He motivated his intention by the desire to prevent the realization of dangerous subconscious desires that can lead to the death of mankind.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The stalker convinces him that it is impossible to destroy the Room, otherwise people will lose the hope that Stalker gave them when he led them to the Zone.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The writer refuses to make a wish, explaining that no one can fully understand and recognize their deepest dreams, and therefore no one will be able to use the Room for their own purposes.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Realizing that it is pointless to go to the Zone, as well as to destroy the Room, the Professor disassembles and throws the bomb.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

From the doorstep of the Room, the heroes, without making a wish, go back.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The stalker returns home to his wife and daughter.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

He tells his wife that people do not have the faith necessary for both going to the Zone and for life.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the last episode of the film, Stalker's daughter discovers parapsychological abilities.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Cast


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Film crew


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Scriptwriters: Strugatsky, Arkady and Boris


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Director: Andrey Tarkovsky


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Operators: Alexander Knyazhinsky, Georgy Rerberg, Leonid Kalashnikov


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Production designer: Andrey Tarkovsky, Alexander Boym


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Artist: Shavkat Abdusalamov


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Composer: Eduard Artemiev


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Sound engineer: Vladimir Sharun


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Conductor: Emin Khachaturyan


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Editor: Lyudmila Feyginova


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Costume designer: Nelly Fomina


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Artists: Rashit Safiullin, Vladimir Fabrikov


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Assistant Director: Maria Chugunova, Evgeny Tsymbal


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Film director: Alexandra Demidova


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Creating


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Background


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In 1973, while working on The Mirror, Andrei Tarkovsky left a note in his diary that he was interested in the new work of the Strugatsky brothers.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In 1974, Tarkovsky first contacted writers and said that he was interested in the film adaptation of the story “Roadside Picnic” [K 2] [3].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

At that time, the director also had plans for a film adaptation of Dostoevsky (The Idiot) and Tolstoy (The Death of Ivan Ilyich), and undertook to write a script based on the novel Ariel.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

However, by the end of 1975, Tarkovsky finally decided that he would work with the Strugatsky on a script based on their story [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In February 1976, Tarkovsky officially received the “go-ahead” to start filming from Philip Yermash, chairman of the USSR State Film Agency, and then the second version of the script with the working title “Wish Machine” was already completed ”, which has not yet satisfied the director.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Tarkovsky called those first sketches too “colorful” and in need of “boring”.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Writers were patient with the endless alterations of the future script [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

We were lucky enough to work with a genius,” we told each other at the time.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

— This means that we should make every effort and ability to create a scenario that would satisfy our genius as exhaustively as possible.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Although Tarkovsky was not credited as a screenwriter, he was considered one of the three co-authors, and his role was mainly to reject the material.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Boris Strugatsky recalled that compared to the script of “The Wish Machine”, no other work took so much effort from them, and called that work endlessly exhausting.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Because of Stalker, the writing of the novel “The Beetle in the Anthill” was postponed [4].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Philip Yermash warned Tarkovsky before final approval that the brothers have a reputation as “unfilmed”, especially after the failure of the previous attempt at a film adaptation based on “The Guy from the Underworld”.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

However, Andrei Arsenyevich stood firm [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The signing of the film into production could have taken even longer, and Tarkovsky had to write a letter to the 25th Congress of the CPSU — a fairly common reception at that time.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In October 1976, actors were selected for the main roles and nature was found.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The team consisted of those who had more than one film under their belt together with Tarkovsky: Georgy Rerberg, Eduard Artemyev, Lyudmila Feyginova, Nikolai Grinko and Anatoly Solonitsyn [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Filming


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film was supposed to be released in early 1977, but in January this year there was an earthquake in the Isfara area, which led to another delay — we had to look for a new nature [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

On February 15, 1977, the first (pavilion) scene of the film, the Stalker House, was shot in the initial episodes.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Field filming resumed in May in Estonia [5].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The first materials shown turned out to be a marriage, and the director, having suspended the production of the film, went to Moscow for 40 days to sort it out.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

By July, filming resumed, and in August, the first version of the film was ready in the draft, where, according to the Strugatsky, Kaidanovsky played a tough guy and swindler Allan (close in spirit to the hero of Picnic on Roadside” Red Shewhart) [4].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film goes beyond the budget due to constant alterations, the script continues to correspond right during the filming, which is moving hard and slow.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Tarkovsky was not satisfied with the results at all, he complained to Boris Strugatsky that “everything is wrong.”


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The director's pickiness tired the team.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The artists worked on the production of the stage alone, which lasts a few seconds on the screen, for several days.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Tarkovsky wanted only green on the lawn that would fall into the frame.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

All the grass of the wrong shade was scrupulously removed by one blade of grass [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film was shot on Kodak film, which in Soviet times was in short supply and was released only to selected directors [6].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Georgy Rerberg had come across Kodak film and had a reputation as one of the most professional Soviet cameramen.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

On August 9, 1977, several thousand meters of footage were irretrievably damaged during the development of the film in Mosfilm laboratories [7].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

A variety of versions were expressed about this: from the substitution of the film by ill-wishers to the tactical move of Tarkovsky, who thus wanted to completely remake the film that did not suit him.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The story received loud publicity, and it was even investigated by journalists.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

However, according to writer Anta Skalandis, the reason was the usual negligence of the staff [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The case ended in a serious quarrel between Tarkovsky and Georgy Rerberg.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

As a result, the cameraman was suspended from work on the film, although the small amount of material he shot was still included in the film [8].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film crew assumed that the film could be closed, but back in July 1977, Tarkovsky was able to obtain permission from the State Film Agency to increase the budget to a two-part one [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

According to Alla Latynina, Philip Yermash sympathized with Tarkovsky, and this is the only way to explain the unexpected permission to increase the film's budget [9].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In September-October 1977, filming continued, with a new cameraman (Leonid Kalashnikov) and production designer (Shavkat Abdusalamov, who replaced Alexander Boim).


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

However, Tarkovsky rejected all this material.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Winter began, and this nature did not fit into the screenwriting course of events of the film [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In October 1977, the script, which still did not suit Tarkovsky, was rewritten for the eighth or ninth time.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The method of trial and error, when the director could not explain to the authors of the script in any way what he wanted, in the end gave the result.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

As Boris Strugatsky recalled, he and his brother went to despair and finally invented the fool stalker.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Tarkovsky liked this option, but winter suspended filming.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In April 1978, Tarkovsky suffered a heart attack and started working again with his third team.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The concept has changed: the sci-fi principle completely disappeared and Kaidanovsky embodied a new image on the screen.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the third version, Alexander Knyazhinsky became the operator.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the end, on the third run, the film was completely reshot from June to December 1978 [10].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Filming ended on December 19, 1978.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

As a result, the film's budget was overspent by 300 thousand rubles and exceeded one million rubles [5] [11].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Filming locations


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Initially, the necessary nature was found by Tarkovsky near the city of Isfara, Tajikistan, but on January 31, 1977, the city was destroyed by an earthquake.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

This circumstance did not interfere with the shooting itself, but the crew had no place to live.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

After a long search in April 1977, Georgy Rerberg found a new nature in Estonia, Tallinn, as well as 25 kilometers from Tallinn, on the Jagala River near the old destroyed power plant [8].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The apocalyptic landscapes of the Zone were also so reliable because not far from the filming location, the pulp and paper mill dumped waste into the river, heavily polluting it.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Where the episode with the UN outpost was filmed, near the boiler house of the old Tallinn elevator in the Rotermann quarter, the pipe still has the inscription “UN” on the pipe.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In 2006, a commemorative plaque in Estonian and English was hung on the trumpet stating that the film Stalker was shot in this place [12].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Some scenes were shot near Leningrad, pavilion filming in the Mosfilm studio.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The final scenes, where Stalker carries his daughter on his shoulders, as well as views of the industrial landscape from the open door of the bar, were filmed in Moscow, near Zagorodnoye Shosse.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

TPP-20 pipes are visible in the background. [13] [14]


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Fate after the premiere


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film has not been released for a long time.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

However, unlike most of Tarkovsky's other films, Stalker was practically not censored and had a more or less successful distribution fate in the USSR [5].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

On May 25, 1979, the first private screening of the film “for Friends” took place at the Mosfilm studio.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The premiere for the average audience took place in July 1979 in three cinemas in Tomsk [15].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The Moscow premiere took place only in May 1980 at the Mir cinema on Tsvetnoy Boulevard [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In Moscow, the film was shown in only three cinemas, and 196 film copies were sold throughout the country.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the first months after the premiere, the release of Tarkovsky's next film was not noted in the Soviet press.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Debut reviews and reviews in Pravda and Literaturnaya Gazeta appeared only in 1981, after the film was shown at the Cannes Film Festival [5].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In 1980, Tarkovsky received the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR, but Stalker was his last film shot in the USSR, then he worked abroad.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Another surge of interest in the film took place immediately after the Chernobyl disaster and Tarkovsky's death in 1986.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film was often called fatal for its creators.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the early 1990s, Lyudmila Feyginova, the film's editor, died in a fire.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the same fire, the draft materials of the first versions of the picture burned down.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Many of those who worked on Stalker passed away early, including Anatoly Solonitsyn (1982), Tarkovsky himself (1986), Nikolai Grinko (1989), Arkady Strugatsky (1991) [16] and Alexander Kaidanovsky (1995).


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Criticism


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film, which was so hard, the fifth of the director's seven largest works, opens late Tarkovsky to the audience.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film was generally appreciated by critics as one of his most significant works and a wonderful phenomenon of world cinema as a whole.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Maya Turovskaya wrote that “the film summarizes all the skills accumulated by the director.”


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The New York Times critic Vincent Canby described it as “amazing beauty” and separately mentioned the excellent work of the cameraman [5] [10].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the first reviews, Western critics of the early 1980s considered the film through the prism of the political and historical context of life in the USSR of that period.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The image of the Zone (synonymous with prison), the protagonist shaved naked in clothes resembling rags, the words that he is “not free everywhere”, was firmly associated with the Gulag [17].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Another view is an attempt to attribute the film to the so-called environmental theme, which anticipated the history of Chernobyl.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Subsequently, the analysis revealed the multidimensional and deep philosophical context of the picture [5] [16] [18].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Tarkovsky in Stalker is distracted from the symbolism that permeates previous films: the motif of the flight, images of childhood, the figures of mother and father; animals (especially horses); the much-loved rain.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

At the final stage of his career, Tarkovsky comes to minimalism.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film is more concise and complete, turning the viewer to the traditions of “pure cinema”.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The ascetic sequence of the plot, the direct perspective of keyframes, the color scheme using monochrome — everything is subject to one goal [5].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The continuity of the action, which is leisurely, paradoxically infinite, is emphasized by Stalker's words that the straight path in the Zone is not the shortest.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Eduard Artemyev's music, emphasizing the detached and otherworldly motif of the plot, has become an important part of the existential action on the screen [19].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The world of Stalker in its everyday life, poverty, frostbite is led to the degree of unity and tension when it almost ceases to be the “outside” world and appears as a landscape of the soul after confession.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

It even seems that the complex of constant themes and pictorial motifs that have overwhelmed the director for many years, realized by him to the end, exhausted and given to the screen, has been deducted from Stalker.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Due to this, Stalker looks much more complete, more concise and unified than Zerkalo was.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The first versions of the scenario included a nuclear explosion, a time loop and a golden ball instead of a room [2].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

After a long work with the script, Tarkovsky consistently outlived any sci-fi principle that existed in Roadside Picnic [10].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The heroes' journey through the Zone from an adventure becomes a philosophical debate, turning into apocalyptic despair.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The whole point of the picture lies in moving from the ordinary world to the metaphorical world of the Zone, from the real to the ideal and, ultimately, to the goal of the path — the Room and the fulfillment of desires.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Identifying the path along which the characters follow and the search for themselves is one of the main philosophical messages of the picture [5] [20].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The very beginning of the film — the road on the car — was shot as a journey to a different, surreal world.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the Zone, all the usual landmarks are collapsing: what is dangerous in everyday life is a meaningless pile of scrap metal.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The formidable “traps” of the Zone in the film are not so much physical traps as spiritual and psychological traps [10] [21].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Researchers of Tarkovsky's work identify a kind of trilogy: “Solaris”, “Mirror” and “Stalker”.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

It's all about finding yourself and your inner path.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

One way or another, the characters in them come into contact with the possibility of fulfilling their innermost desires.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

All these paintings explore the conflict between rationalism and science on the one hand, and faith on the other.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The image of Sartorius from Solaris is very close to Professor from Stalker, who is looking for a rational explanation for the phenomena he is forced to observe [5].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Christian symbolism and spiritual motives, which Tarkovsky has repeatedly resorted to, are clearly manifested in the plot of Stalker.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the scene that takes place after the heroes crossed the waterfall, film critics Johnson and Petrieu saw a clear reference to the Gospel of Luke, the events in Emmaus, where the two apostles did not recognize Jesus when they met him.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Repeatedly, characters or voice-overs quote Bible texts.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the scene of a long flight of the camera over stagnant water, the viewer can see a fragment of Van Eyck's Ghent Altar.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

However, Tarkovsky himself did not believe that the Christian theme and the beginning are so important in the film.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

From his point of view, much more significant was the clash of rational and irrational, material and spiritual, which is clearly manifested in the conflict between Stalker and his two companions [5] [10].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The plot of the film mainly focuses on three characters, their disputes and actions.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Their images each have their own philosophical principle.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Professor is scientific materialism, the Writer is the artist's worldview, degenerated into cynicism; Stalker himself is faith [5].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The faith of the three protagonists is put to the test.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

And they, stopping at the doorstep of the room, can not stand it.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The stalker returns from the Zone to his wife and sick daughter disappointed in people [10].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The acting work in the film is not so noticeable and fades into the background — the viewer is much more attracted by the visual component.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In the film, Tarkovsky shot his favorite actors Grinko and Solonitsyn, but critics separately noted a new face - Alexander Kaidanovsky, who looks so convincing in the role of the “fool” Stalker.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Assistant director Yevgeny Tsymbal recalled that almost all actors had to find a completely unnatural approach to the embodiment of the role for themselves, to force themselves to become different.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

This was especially true for Kaidanovsky, who in life saw himself as the exact opposite of the image of Stalker — a consistent, integral and tough person [2] [22].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Tarkovsky himself spoke about the film in an interview as follows:


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

As for Stalker's idea, it cannot be formulated verbally.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

I tell you personally: this is the tragedy of a person who wants to believe, wants to force himself and others to believe in something.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

That's why he goes to the Zone.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Do you understand?


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In a thoroughly pragmatic world, he wants to make someone believe something, but he does not succeed.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Nobody wants it, and no one needs this place, the Zone, either.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

That is, a film about the victory of materialism...


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In another interview, he described the main idea of the film as follows: [23]


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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It is important for me to establish in this film what is specifically human, insoluble, indecomposable, which crystallizes in everyone's soul and makes up its value.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

After all, despite the fact that outwardly the characters seem to fail, in fact, each of them acquires something invaluable more important: faith, a sense of the most important thing in themselves.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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This is the main thing that lives in every person.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Cultural influence


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Stalker became an important milestone in Tarkovsky's creative path and largely influenced the people with whom he worked together, on the cinematographic language, and laid down peculiar traditions.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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Future directors Yevgeny Tsymbal and Konstantin Lopushansky studied on the set of Stalker next to Tarkovsky.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The role of Stalker radically changed the life and creative fate of Alexander Kaidanovsky.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

After filming with Tarkovsky, he entered directing courses, but later they did not manage to work together [24].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film “Bodyguard” was shot as a clear imitation of the theme of “Stalker” and largely by the same team, but it was not possible to fully realize the idea.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In 1981-1982, Arkady Strugatsky and Andrey Tarkovsky met several times, and together wrote the script for the film “Beware! Snakes!” , had plans for the film adaptation of “The Beetle in the Anthill”.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

According to Anta Skalandis, biographer of the Strugatsky brothers, the script of Tarkovsky's latest film Sacrifice is largely a joint work of Tarkovsky and Arkady Strugatsky [2] [22].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The visual solution of the film is dirty and dull landscapes, collapsing houses; the Zone itself was adopted by many Soviet and Russian filmmakers.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The influence of Stalker is borne by such paintings as “The Third Planet”, “Roy”, “Kin-dza-dza!” and others [25].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film had a significant impact on European and world cinema.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

As critics admit, the atmosphere and influence of Tarkovsky's film is felt in such films as “Element of Crime” by Lars von Trier (1984) and Mamoru Osii's famous science fiction film “Avalon” [26] [27].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Many scientific works are devoted to the study of the film as a cinematographic, cultural and philosophical phenomenon [28].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Famous British musician Brian Williams (Lustmord), inspired by Tarkovsky's film, recorded the album Stalker with Robert Rich in 1995 [29].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Famous DJ Richie Hawtin's video “We (All) Search” uses a fragment with Stalker's daughter in the final scene [30].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The video “The Tunnel” with the participation of Richie himself is also in many ways reminiscent of this scene with the girl.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In memory of Tarkovsky's film as a phenomenon in world culture, the Stalker Film Festival has been held in Moscow since 1995 [31].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Honors


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Special Ecumenical Jury Award for an out-of-competition film at the Cannes IFF in 1980;


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Luchino Visconti Special Prize of the David di Donatello Italian National Film Award directed by Andrei Tarkovsky in 1980 [32] [33].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film is among the 250 best films according to IMDb, ranking 206th (as of January 11, 2019).


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Features


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Differences from the book


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Actually, in the film, only the image of the Zone (also interpreted by Tarkovsky in a peculiar way) and the concept of a stalker as a guide in the Zone remained from the book.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The zone is a very complex system of death traps.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

They don't come back here the way they went.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Things change here every minute.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Theoretical constructions do not work in the Zone, you should rely only on intuition.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The zone only accepts those who have lost hope.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

As the main trap, as well as in the Roadside Picnic, a “meat grinder” is mentioned.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

In order to pass it, it is supposedly necessary to sacrifice a person's life.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Among the traps, there are places with high gravity.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

To identify them, Stalker uses nuts with bandages tied to them.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

This technique is also used by Red Shewhart, the main character of Picnic.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The original version of the script was the “green dawn” of the Zone, a trap associated with a time loop, but they were not included in the final scenario [10].


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

quotations


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

The film quotes:


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Fedor Tyutchev — poem “I love your eyes, my friend...”


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Arseny Tarkovsky — poem “So summer has passed, as if it never happened...”


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Stalker (movie)

Apocalypse — Rev. 6:12-16


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Luke's Gospel — Luke 24:13?


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−18 (to “one of them, by name...”)


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Tao de jing (ch. 76).


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Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Akutagawa Ryunosuke — “I don't have a conscience. I Only Have Nerves” (from Words of the Pygmy)


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Hermann Hesse — “The Bead Game”: “What you call passion is not the strength of the soul, but the friction between the soul and the outside world.”


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Ivan Bunin, “Tolstoy's Liberation”, quotes the opinion of a mutual acquaintance about Tolstoy: “By virtue of his genius, he wants and must believe, but he is not given the organ they believe.”


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

According to Tarkovsky, this “organ” is still given to people, but it is noted with sad irony that it is “atrophied as unnecessary.”


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

This is closer to the gospel parable of talents, where talents are given to everyone, but some “bury” them.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

See also


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Annihilation


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Notes


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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comments


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Sources


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Literature


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

in Russian


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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Yevlampiev I. Andrey Tarkovsky's artistic philosophy.


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SPb.: Aletheia, 2001.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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— 349 p. — ISBN 5-89329-443-2


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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Surkova O. Comparison book.


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Moscow, Kinocenter Publ., 1991.


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Stalker (movie)

Surkova O.//Iskusstvo kino.


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Stalker (movie)


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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No. 9; 10.


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Surkova O. With Tarkovsky and Tarkovsky.


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Moscow, Rainbow Publ., 2005.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

— 464 p. — ISBN 5-05-006018-4


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Surkova O. Tarkovsky and me: Diary of a pioneer.


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Moscow, Zebra E Publ., 2005.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

— 487 p. — ISBN 5-94663-237-X


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Stalker (movie)

on dr.


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languages


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References


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Question: When did Stalker come out?

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on IMDb


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Stalker (movie)

(in English)


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on the project website about Andrey Tarkovsky


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Stalker (movie)

Korneeva, Irina.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

//Rossiyskaya gazeta.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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June 24, 2008.


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

No. 4690


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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Category: Science fiction films of the USSR


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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Category:Soviet drama films


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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Category:Parable films


Question: When did Stalker come out?

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Category:Films based on works by the Strugatsky brothers


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Category:Films directed by Andrey Tarkovsky


Question: When did Stalker come out?

Stalker (movie)

Category: Soviet films of 1979


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Lenin Square (Karelian: Leninan lagevo, Finnish: Leninin aukio) is a square in the central part of Petrozavodsk at the intersection of Karl Marx Avenue and Peterburgskaya Street.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The square is an architectural ensemble in the style of Russian provincial classicism, a monument of history and architecture of federal significance.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Titles


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

During its more than 200 years of history, the square has changed its name several times.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Originally, the square was called Round Square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

It was also called Circular or Semicircular [1].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

She received them due to the fact that the buildings on it were located “on a compass”, that is, the square had the shape of a circle.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

On June 29, 1873, a monument to Peter I was erected in the center of the square, and the Round (Semicirkulnaya) Square was renamed Petrovskaya [2].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

After the October Revolution, many street names of the city were replaced by “Soviet” ones.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

At first, the square was named Sovetskaya, but on October 23, 1918 it was renamed the square on October 25, 1917 [3].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

During the Great Patriotic War, the city was occupied by Finnish troops.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Most of the streets of Petrozavodsk were renamed.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

During the occupation, the square was named Administrative (Finnish: Hallintoaukio).


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

After the liberation of the city in 1944, the square was returned to its previous name [3].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In 1960, it was renamed Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Square in commemoration of the 90th anniversary of the birth of a Russian and Soviet politician, leader of the October Revolution and founder Soviet Union [2].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

History


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The history of the square begins in the 1770s, when Anikita Yartsov, the manager of the Alexander Cannon Plant, personally planned and began building the center of Petrozavodskaya Sloboda, the future capital of Olonetskaya governorate [4].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

It was at this time that according to the project of student V. AND. Bazhenov, Moscow architect Elizvoy Semenovich Nazarov, 8 stone administrative buildings were built “on a compass” (six separate two-story buildings — three on each side of the square and two wing) to accommodate the office and other services of the Alexander Plant.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In 1788, the square was reconstructed on the initiative of Civil Governor G. R. Derzhavin for placement in the buildings of provincial institutions.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Reconstruction project in 1785


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

g. was performed by Mikhail Kiselnikov, a provincial architect, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The construction was carried out by another provincial architect Fedor Kramer [5].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Six out of 8 buildings were connected in two semicircles.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The porch of one of the buildings (now the building of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Karelia) in 1858 was decorated with figures of lions cast at the Alexander Plant.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The trapezoidal wings have not undergone reconstruction.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

At the beginning of the 19th century, buildings were badly damaged by fires and dilapidated.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In the 1820-1830s, the issue of transferring provincial institutions to Vytegra was raised.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Trade was more lively there compared to other cities in the Olonets province.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

However, the transfer required the construction of state buildings for public places, and in Petrozavodsk they were already standing on Kruglaya Square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Taking this into account, the government decided to leave the administrative center in Petrozavodsk [3].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In 1830, architect V. IN. Tukhtarov said.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

During his tenure as a provincial architect, he did a lot to revive the dilapidated buildings on the square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Work was carried out to strengthen architectural structures, build stone sidewalks, a fence connecting guardhouses with semicircular buildings, lengthening corner wings, partial redevelopment premises.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Interiors designed by Tukhtarov in the 1840s have been preserved to this day.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

After the reconstruction, the southern building housed the governor's residence, and the northern building housed public places.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In 1873, a monument to Peter I, architect Schroeder, the founder of Petrozavodsk, was erected in the center of the square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The monument is now located on the embankment of Lake Onega


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In the same year, Kruglaya Square was renamed Petrovskaya Square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

After the revolution of 1917, the square was renamed “Square on October 25, 1917”.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The buildings house the executive committee of the Council of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies of the Karelian Labor Commune and its departments, the Council of People's Commissars, the Revolutionary Tribunal, the branch of the state bank and the military commissariat.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The monument to Peter I was dismantled, and in its place on November 7, 1933, a granite monument to Lenin was erected.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The monument was made by one of the leading Soviet sculptors M. G. Manizer (architect L. A. Ilyin).


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

During the occupation of Petrozavodsk during the Soviet-Finnish War (1941-1944), the buildings on the square housed the Finnish occupation administration of the city and East Karelia, the square was renamed Administrative.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The monument to Lenin was dismantled, and an artillery gun was installed on the pedestal.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

After the liberation of Petrozavodsk, the monument was restored.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In 1960, 25th October Square was renamed Lenin Square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In 1969, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier memorial complex with the Eternal Flame of Glory was built on the square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In the 1990s, the Karelian State Museum of Local Lore was located in the southern building, and the Ministry of Culture and Public Relations of the Republic of Karelia and the Republican Center were located in the northern building National Cultures.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Square Ensemble


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Buildings and structures on the square


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

National Museum of the Republic of Karelia, Building No. 1


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Ministry of Culture, House No. 2


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Guardhouses (outbuildings), houses No. 1A and 2A


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Lenin Monument


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The monument to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is located in the center of Lenin Square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

On July 18, 1930, the Cartrade Union Council decided to build a monument and raise funds for its construction [6].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The project was commissioned by the famous Soviet sculptor Matvey Genrikhovich Manizer, the pedestal was made by architect Lev Alexandrovich Ilyin.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The monument is made of 14 blocks of gray granite mined by Gulag prisoners on Goltsy Island in Lake Onega [7].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Its total weight exceeds 140 tons, the height of the figure of Lenin without a pedestal is 6.5 meters, and with a pedestal - 11 meters.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

It is the largest monument on the territory of the Republic of Karelia [6] [7].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

It was opened on November 7, 1933, on the eve of the anniversary of the October Revolution [6].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

During the opening of the sculpture, the Krasnaya Karelia newspaper proudly wrote that there are only three granite monuments in the world that represent the figure in detail: the Bismarck monument in Berlin, the Statue of Liberty in New York, York and the Lenin monument in Petrozavodsk.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

During the Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk (1941-1944), Lenin's figure was dismantled and badly damaged [6], and a 150-mm Japanese howitzer of the 1914 model was erected on the vacant pedestal [8], also known as.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

After the liberation of the city, the monument was restored with the participation of Matvey Manizer [6] [7].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

On November 16, 1945, the monument was reopened [6].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In 1957, another renovation of the monument was carried out [6].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Memorial complex


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The memorial complex “Mass Grave and Tomb of the Unknown Soldier with the Eternal Flame” is located in the south-east of the square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

It is a platform paved with paving stones made of Shoksha crimson quartzite [9] [10].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Along the edge of the square there is an elevation made of polished gabbro-diabase, in the middle of which there is the Eternal Flame, lit on the Champ de Mars [9] [10].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

This elevation connects the mass grave located in the north of the site with a sixty-ton granite block located in the south of the site, on which there is an inscription: “Heroes, sons of October, who He gave his life for the happiness of the people, this monument was erected” [10].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Granite front staircases descend from the memorial complex to the park of the Onega Tractor Plant [10].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The mass grave was created by the decision of the Olonets Provincial Committee of the RCP (b) and the Olonets Military Revolutionary Committee of June 1, 1919 [10].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Active participants in the revolutionary movement and the Civil War, prominent party and statesmen of the Karelian ASSR are buried here [10].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

There are black stone memorial plates at their burial site.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

On May 8, 1969, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, found in Medvezhyegorsky District near Lake Erilamba, were buried here [11].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

On June 28, 1969, on the 25th anniversary of the liberation of Petrozavodsk, a memorial complex with the Eternal Flame of Glory was solemnly unveiled [9] [10].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The authors of the project are architects Eduard Andreev, Ernst Voskresensky, sculptors Eduard Alexandrovich Akulov and Ludwig Karapetovich Davidyan [9] [10].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In 2009, the memorial was reconstructed, during which paving stones were re-laid, pedestrian paths and staircases were arranged, and new lanterns were installed [12].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Buildings and structures that are not located on the square, but are part of the square ensemble


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Governor's Park


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Governor's Park is located in a quarter bounded by Engels, Gogol, Herzen streets, Zakamensky Lane, and is adjacent to the former governor's house (now the National Museum of the Republic of Karelia, house No. 1).


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

It was formed in 1917 after the merger of two private gardens: the garden of the mining chief (the end of the XVIII century) and the Governor's Garden (1840s) [13].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Since the 1930s, it has been the Pioneer Park.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

It housed game pavilions, a library, a shooting range, a summer cinema, attractions and sports grounds [13].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In 2002-2003, on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of Petrozavodsk, the park was reconstructed: the central alley of the park was paved with Shoksha raspberry quartzite, and a cast cast-iron fence, new lanterns and benches were installed in the park, and a new alley was laid by members of the Karelian community [14].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The park was given back its historical name.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

During the reconstruction, a monument to the poet and first Olonets governor Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin was solemnly unveiled in the center of the park on June 28, 2003 [14] [15] [16].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The monument was cast in bronze at the Petrozavodskmash plant according to the project of sculptor Walter Soini and architect Emil Kuldavletov and installed on a red granite pedestal [15].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Derzhavin is depicted full-length in a ceremonial uniform [15].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The poet is holding a piece of paper in his hands.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The height of Derzhavin's figure is 2.7 meters, with a pedestal 4.5 meters [16].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Near the main entrance to the park, near the house of the mining chief, there is an exposition site of the Karelian State Museum of Local Lore with large-sized items related to history mining in Karelia (gun barrels produced by the Alexander Plant, the arrow of the cast-iron railway, etc.) [17].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Mining Chief's House


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

A. S. Yartsov personally planned and began the construction of the center of Petrozavodsk.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Before it, Petrozavodskaya Sloboda was located on the Onega coast along the Neglinka and Lososinka rivers.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

A. Yartsov gave the city a center — Round (Tsirkulnaya) Square and the main streets [4].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Square in philately, numismatics and visual arts


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

In honor of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Karelian ASSR, a 4-kopeck stamp “Government House in Petrozavodsk” was issued from the series “To the 50th Anniversary of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics” in 1970 release [18].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

It features an image of one of the buildings on Lenin Square, as well as the coat of arms of the Karelian ASSR and Karelian ornament.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The author of the stamp is artist Yu.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Kosorukov [18].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The circulation is 5 million copies [18].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The image of house No. 2 is present on the silver commemorative coin with a nominal value of 3 rubles “Round Square Ensemble, Petrozavodsk” from the 2010 series “Architectural Monuments of Russia”, made of 925 alloy (the mass of the precious metal in purity is 31.1 grams) [19].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

On the reverse side of the coin, in addition to this building, there are relief images of the monument to Peter the Great, the plan of the Round Square and a fragment of the fence lattice [19].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The circulation of the coin is 7.5 thousand pieces [19].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The square is depicted in two paintings by Karelian graphic artist and landscape painter Alexey Ivanovich Avdyshev, stored in the Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Karelia: Lenin Square (1958), depicting the main entrance to the building of the former provincial government (house No. 2), and the painting of the same name of the same year of creation, depicting a monument to Lenin [20].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Stamp “50 years of the Karelian ASSR” 3 ruble commemorative coin


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

“Round Square Ensemble, Petrozavodsk City”


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Transportation


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The square is a rather important transport hub of the city.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Despite this, neither bus nor trolleybus traffic within the square is carried out [21] [22].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The nearest public transport stops are located 360 and 420 m from the center of the square on Lenin Avenue [23].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

At the Severnaya Hotel stop, traffic is carried out towards Onezhskaya Embankment.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Trolleybus routes No. 1, going towards Zarek and Klyuchevaya districts, No. 2, going to Varkaus embankment, and 11 bus routes [21] [22] stop there.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

At the Exhibition Hall stop, traffic is carried out towards the railway station and trolleybus routes No. 1 stop there, going towards Perevalka and Drevlyanka districts, No. 2, going to Kukkovka microdistrict, and eleven bus routes [21] [22].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

The history of bus traffic on the square dates back to 1927, when the first regular bus route was created in the city [24].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

It started from Gostiny Dvor, passed along Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels avenues (through Lenin Square), Lenin, Pervy May Highway and ended at the railway station (now the Commodity Station) [ 24].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

By the end of the 80s, two bus routes passed through the square [25].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

At the end of 1991, due to the disastrous condition of the Petrozavodsk convoy 1126 fleet, both were canceled [26].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

During city (City Day) and all-Russian (Victory Day, Spring and Labor Day) holidays, cultural and entertainment events are held on Lenin Square (as well as on other central streets and squares of the city) events, while traffic on the square (as well as on many other streets of the city center), as a rule, is blocked [27].


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Photographs


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

National Museum building, general view


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Public places, general view


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Lenin Monument


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

View of the square from the National Museum building.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Square view


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Aerial photography


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

See also


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

History of Petrozavodsk


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Karl Marx Avenue (Petrozavodsk)


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Notes


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Literature


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Solomonov A. R. 25 October Square.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

— Petrozavodsk, 1959


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Karelia: encyclopedia: in 3 vols/Ch.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

ed.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

A. F. Titov said.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

T. 2: K — P. — Petrozavodsk: Publishing House “PetroPress”, 2009.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

P. 115—464 p.: ill.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

, maps.


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

ISBN 978-5-8430-0125-4 (vol. 2)


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

References


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Category:Objects named after Vladimir Lenin


Question: What was on the site of Karla Marksa Avenue in the central part of Petrozavodsk before its construction?

Lenin Square (Petrozavodsk)

Category:Squares in Petrozavodsk


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

The All-Union Council of Evangel Baptist Christians (VSEHB) is a term that has two meanings:


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1) a centralized religious organization of evangelical Baptist Christians (ECB) on the territory of the Soviet Union.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

VSEHB was created in 1944 to replace the unions of evangelical Christians (Prokhanovites) and Baptists, which actually ceased to exist as a result of the anti-religious campaign of the 1930s.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In addition to the churches of evangelical Baptist Christians, VSEHB included part of the communities of Christians of the evangelical faith (Pentecostal), as well as Mennonites and some other similar trends.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In the post-war USSR, VSEHB was the only legal association of churches of the evangelical direction of Protestantism.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In 1992, after the collapse of the USSR into a number of independent states, VSEHB was reorganized into national church associations of the churches of evangelical Baptist Christians of these states.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In particular, in Russia, he was succeeded by the Russian Union of Evangelical Baptist Christians (RS ECB).


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

2) the council itself, that is, the central body in Moscow that managed this organization (see the Central Management subsection).


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Predecessors


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Federal Union of Baptists of the USSR


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

All-Union Council of Evangelical Christians


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Name


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1944 - 1945 - VseKhib (All-Union Council of Evangelical Christians and Baptists)


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1945 - 1990 - VSEKHB (All-Union Council of Evangelical Christians-Baptists)


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1990 - 1992 - ECB Union (Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists)


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Creed


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In 1944-1966, there was no officially approved creed.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In 1966, as a “temporary” (until a more detailed one was developed) at the All-Union Congress, the Creed of I. IN. Kargel.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In 1985, at the All-Union Congress, instead of the previous one, the Creed of 1985 was approved, the development of which had been carried out by a team of authors since 1974.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

This Creed (with minor changes) is the official doctrine of the successor of VSEHB — RS ECB.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Leadership


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

According to the tradition of evangelical Christians and Baptists, the highest governing body of the brotherhood is the congress of delegates of local communities.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

However, from the moment of the creation of the VSEHB in 1944 until 1963, congresses were not held.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Central guide


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Until the first congress in 1963 and later, in between congresses, the central leadership was carried out directly by the VSEHB (in the meaning of the council).


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In 1944, 8 people were elected to the council [1], and later the number increased.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Thus, at the 1963 congress, 10 members and 5 candidates were elected to the VSEHB, as well as an audit commission consisting of 3 members [2], at the 1969 congress 25 members, 8 candidates and 5 members were elected of the Audit Commission [3].


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

VSEHB (meaning the council) periodically (about once a year) met at plenums, at which the most serious issues were resolved.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

A presidium was elected from the members of the VSEHB, which carried out central leadership in the periods between plenums.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

The Presidium met as needed, usually several times a week [4].


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Chairmen


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1944—1966 Yakov Ivanovich Zhidkov (1966 — Honorary Chairman)


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1966—1974 Ilya Grigoryevich Ivanov (1974—1985 — Honorary Chairman)


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1974—1985 Andrey Klimenko (1985—1990 — Honorary Chairman)


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1985—1990 Vasily Logvinenko


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1990—1992 Commandant Grigory Ivanovich


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Secretaries General


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1944—1971 Karev Aleksandr Vasilievich


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

1971—1990 Alexey Bychkov


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In 1990, the position was abolished.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In union republics and regions


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

In the republics of the USSR and regions, leadership was carried out by republican and regional senior elders, who until 1966 were supplied by appointment of the VSEHB, and since 1966 they were elected to regional and republican conferences (congresses) of church ministers [5].


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Congresses


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

All-Union Congresses of Evangelical Baptist Christians [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] NumberDate and placeNumber of participantsChairsMain issues on the agenda3815-17.10.1963, Moscow450 - total.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

AND. Zhidkov A. IN. Karev and I. G. Ivanovotmen of the Instruction Letter and the Regulations of the VSEHB, approval of the Charter of the VSEHB, the issue of unity with the initiatives, admission to the Union of Fraternal Mennonites 394-7.10.1966, Moscow1026 - VseGOA.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

IN. KarevQuestions of unity, adoption of the Doctrine, updating the Charter, changing the system of appointing senior elders 409-11.12.1969, Moskvak.800 - Total.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

G. Ivanov, and S. T. Timchenko N. N. Melnikov, and S. P. Fadyukhin, A. AND. MitskevichThe question of unity4111-13.12.1974, Moscow483 - delegates.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

G. Ivanov P. K. Shatrov A. AND. Mitskevich, M. P. Chernopyatov, S. P. Fadyukhin, A. M. Bychkovizbranie A. E.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Klimenko Chairman of VSEHB, proposals for amending the Charter4218-20.12.1979, Moscow527 - delegates A.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

E.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Klimenko, M. P. Chernopyatov, M. ME.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Zhidkov A. M. Bychkov and I. S. Gnida, Ya.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

K. DukhonchenkoAmendments to the Charter, message on work on a new Doctrine4321-23.03.1985, Moscow546 - Delegates A.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

E.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Klimenko V. E.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Logvinenko, M. ME.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Zhidkov A. M. Bychkov N. A. Kolesnikov and I. S. Gnida, Ya.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

K. DukhonchenkoApproval of the new Doctrine, the election of V. E.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Logvinenko Chairman of VSEKHB4421-24.02.1990, Moscow687 - Delegates V.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

E.


Question: Who is the author of the official doctrine of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians?

Logvinenko, Ya.