Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

They were first used in combat operations in the spring of 1968 on the Jordanian front, and later were used on all fronts of the “war of attrition”.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

On May 15, 1970, Skyhawk pilot Ezra Dotan recorded two Syrian MiG-17s shot down in an air battle over Lebanon.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

On the Sinai front, Egyptian MiG-21s shot down two Israeli Skyhawks.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Israeli A-4 had to meet over Sinai and with Soviet MiG-21s, as a result of which two Skyhawks were damaged and one was destroyed [23] [24] [25] [26].


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

In total, at least 4 Israeli Skyhawks were lost in battles during the war [27].


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

By the beginning of the October 1973 War, the Skyhawk was the most mass-produced aircraft of the Israeli Air Force (about 160 aircraft).


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

During the war, Israeli aircraft collided with an unexpectedly powerful air defense system of Egypt and no less powerful air defense of Syria, as a result of which heavy losses were suffered in the first three days of hostilities.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

In just one day on October 7, at least 30 Skyhawks were shot down, only a few pilots were able to eject.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

More than half of the aircraft sent to the Golan Heights did not return from a combat mission.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

To replenish them, 46 Skyhawks were urgently transferred from the United States.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The losses of the A-4 in this war amounted to more than 50 vehicles [23] [28] [29].


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

According to official US data, Israel had 172 A-4s before the war, during the war they carried out 4,695 sorties, 52 aircraft were shot down or crashed, and 89 were damaged.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

[30] It is known that at least 1 damaged Skyhawk has been decommissioned.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Western historian Frank Acker points out the A-4's irretrievable loss of 55 cars.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

[31] Another Western researcher, Edmund Garib, calls the irretrievable losses of the Skyhawks at 80 aircraft.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

[32] At least 9 Skyhawks were shot down in air battles - 5 were shot down by Syrian MiG-21, 2 Syrian MiG-17, 1 Egyptian MiG-21 and 1 Iraqi MiG-21 [33] [34].


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The aircraft delivered during the war also managed to make a number of sorties, and nothing is known about their losses.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

After the end of the major war, Israeli Skyhawks continued to fly combat missions over the Golan Heights.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

On April 19, 1974, over Mount Hermon, an A-4 was shot down by Syrian Shilka fire, killing the pilot on the plane.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Israeli A-4s participated in raids on Palestine Liberation Organization bases in Lebanon.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

They were also used during Operation Peace for Galilee, a full-scale invasion of Lebanon in the summer of 1982.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

One plane was lost, shot down by a Strela-2 MANPADS missile on June 6, 1982 (its pilot was captured) [37].


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Falklands


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The basis of Argentina's jet strike aircraft during the Falklands War (1982) was the Skyhawks and Daggers.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

In total, Argentina had 48 A-4:26 A-4B, 12 A-4C and 10 A-4Q.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Due to the lack of suitable airfields in the Falklands, they were forced to carry out combat sorties from the mainland, which significantly increased the flight range.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The Skyhawks were mainly involved in strikes on British ships using free-falling bombs.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Despite the fact that many bombs did not explode (the drop height was often too low and the fuse did not have time to detonate), the A-4 pilots managed to destroy four of the six lost British ships (” Ardent, Coventry, Antiloope, Sir Galahead), and several more ships were damaged [38], making Skyhawk attack aircraft the most effective Argentine aircraft in this conflict.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

A vivid example of the capabilities of modern assault aircraft was the events in Bluff Cove (en) on June 8, 1982.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The British command was going to transfer reinforcements to the area by sea for the paratrooper battalion already in position.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The transfer was supposed to take place in the dark, but as a result of a number of accidents and errors, both amphibious assault ships were still in Bluff Cove at dawn.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

As a result, they were spotted by the Argentines, and a group of Skyhawks attacked the landing site without meeting any opposition.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The consequences of the raid were catastrophic: about 50 British soldiers were killed, the ships were damaged, and the damage to the Sir Galahead was so severe that it was sunk after cessation of hostilities.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The losses of squadrons armed with Skyhawks during the war amounted to 22 aircraft (10 A-4B, 9 A-4C and 3 A-4Q) and 19 pilots, of which 8 were shot down by the British Sea Harrier, 7 by air defense system fire from ships, 3 by fire from the ground, 1” friendly fire” and 3 crashed [39] [40] [41].


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Other conflicts


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

During Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, Kuwaiti A-4KU attacked advancing enemy troops.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Several aircraft were lost, and the rest managed to fly to Saudi Arabia before the airfields were seized.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Iraq won five Skyhawks as trophies.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

[42] All surviving Kuwaiti aircraft became part of the Free Kuwaiti Air Force.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The Skyhawks actively participated in Operation Desert Storm in January-February 1991, making more than 1,300 sorties while losing only one aircraft (the pilot was captured) [12] [42].


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Indonesian Skyhawks were used against guerrillas in occupied East Timor, but the details of these operations are unknown. [


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Accidents


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

On February 14, 2013, the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk of the Argentine Air Force crashed during landing.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The pilots managed to eject [43].


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Performance characteristics


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

The data given correspond to variant A-4E [44].


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Technical specifications


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Crew: 1 person


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Length: 12.6 m


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Wingspan: 8.4 m


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Height: 4.6 m


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Wing area: 24.06 m²


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Empty weight: 4365 kg


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Curb weight: 8300 kg


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Maximum take-off weight: 10,410 kg


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Engine: 1× Pratt & Whitney J52-P-6A turbojet engine (1×3855 kgf)


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Flight performance


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Maximum speed at ground: 1083 km/h


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Cruising speed: 800 km/h


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Stall speed: 224 km/h


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Battle radius with 2 PTB: 1094 km


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Distillation range: 3430 km


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Battle ceiling: 12,200 m


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Operational overload: −3/+8 g


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Arming


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Cannons: 2×20 mm (Colt Mk.12); 100 rounds of ammunition per gun


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Suspension points: 5


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Combat load: up to 3720 kg


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Notes


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Literature


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

AND. Alekseev said.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Skyhawk attack aircraft//“Foreign Military Review”, No. 11, 1980.


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

page 50-53


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

, Foreign Military Review magazine, No. 10 1977


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

References


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

(in English)


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

(in English)


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Category:US aircraft


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

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Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

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Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Category: Vietnam War aircraft


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Category: Falklands War aircraft


Question: What is Douglas A-4 Skyhawk's nickname among pilots?

Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

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Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

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Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

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Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

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Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

Category:Vickers military products


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Svetlana Vasilyevna Khorkina (born January 19, 1979, Belgorod, RSFSR, USSR) is a Russian gymnast, two-time Olympic champion in uneven bars (1996, 2000), 9-time world champion, including three times in the absolute championship and five times in uneven bars, and a 13-time European champion (three times in the absolute championship).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Honored Master of Sports of Russia (1995).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

After finishing his sports career, from 2007 to 2011, he was a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the fifth convocation from the United Russia party.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Since October 2012 — Assistant at the Control Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, since February 2016 — First Deputy Head of CSKA (FAA of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation CSKA), Colonel (2018).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Full State Counselor of the Russian Federation, 3rd class.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Career


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Svetlana Khorkina was born on January 19, 1979 in Belgorod.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Father Vasily Vasilyevich Khorkin was a builder.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

His mother, Lyubov Alekseevna, is a nurse in a kindergarten.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Her parents lived near Saransk (Mordovia), and her father came to Belgorod in search of earnings, where he also transferred her mother, who got a job as a nurse in a kindergarten.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

[1] By nationality — Mordovians [2].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

The younger sister is Yulia Vasilyevna Khorkina, an international master of sports in artistic gymnastics, director of the Belgorod Artistic Gymnastics School, which is supervised by her sister.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

[3] [4]


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In 1983, her mother, in order to improve the health of 4-year-old Svetlana, brought her to the Spartak Sports Palace to the artistic gymnastics section.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

The first coach was Elena Andreevna Tkacheva.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Then she trained under the guidance of Belgorod coach Boris Pilkin.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

At the age of 11, she successfully performed at the All-Union tournament called Komsomolka in the gymnastics world, after which she was included in the USSR youth team.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

As the winner of the USSR Junior Championship in 1991, she was included in the sports delegation of the USSR in 1992 to participate in the annual traditional “show of champions” — a commercial trip to cities.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Since 1992, Khorkina has been a member of the Russian national artistic gymnastics team.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Khorkina won her first adult international medal in 1994 at the World Championships in Brisbane: a silver medal in the vault and a silver medal on uneven bars.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

She performed even more successfully at the European Championships that year.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Here she won silver in the all-around and gold on uneven bars.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Khorkina also participated in the Goodwill Games and the World Team Championship this year.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Her first all-around victory came in 1995 at the European Cup, where she won a medal in jump, uneven bars and floor exercises.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

She was the main contender for gold in the all-around at the World Championships that year, but finished second.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In the final of the exercises on uneven bars, Khorkina won a gold medal with a score of 9.90.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Before the Olympic Games, Svetlana retained her European and world titles as champion on uneven bars, won silver at the European Championships as part of the Russian team, and also took bronze in the vault.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Falling off a log in the all-around prevented her from fighting for a medal and she took sixth place.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Svetlana was considered the favorite at the Games in Atlanta.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

She won gold in individual competitions on uneven bars.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Khorkina's performances over the next 4 years were unstable.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In 1997, at the World Championships in Lausanne, she won her first absolute world title after competing on uneven bars, receiving the highest score.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

For the next two years after winning the championship, Khorkina continued to dominate the uneven bars and received the nickname “Queen of the Bars”.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Khorkina won the all-around at the 1998 European Championships.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

She started the 1999 World Cup as a favorite in the all-around, but was left without a medal.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

However, she continued her winning streak on uneven bars, winning the world title for the fourth time in a row.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

She started the Olympic Games in Sydney as a favorite in the all-around.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In the team championship, Khorkina performed a difficult jump, which he later was named Khorkina II.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

She also showed good results in floor exercises and uneven bars, qualifying for the final.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

However, in the final Khorkina fell off the bars, the team won only silver.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

At the vault competition, an incident occurred: the jumping horse was set five centimeters below normal, which is why not only Khorkina, but also a number of other athletes made uncharacteristic they're mistakes.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

As a result, the judges allowed the Russian and other participants of the Games to repeat the jumps, but refused to correct the grades on other equipment.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Khorkina refused to repeat the jump, left the platform in tears and took only 10th place in the final table.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Svetlana manages to retain the title of Olympic champion on uneven bars.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

At the 2001 World Championships, she won the title of absolute champion, as well as gold in the jump and uneven bars.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

With 5 titles of world champion and 2 titles of Olympic champion, Khorkina becomes the most titled gymnast on one apparatus.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

From 1995 to 2001, she won all the titles of the World Championships and the Olympic Games on uneven bars.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In 2002, Khorkina won the all-around at the European Championships.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

At the World Championships in Anaheim, she became the absolute champion for the third time, which no woman had ever managed to do before.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Khorkina was again a favorite of the Games, it was her last Olympics.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

I reached the finals only in the all-around and on uneven bars.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In team competitions, her performances helped Russia win bronze.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

He won a silver medal in the all-around of the Olympic Games.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Khorkina's gymnastic elements


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Svetlana Khorkina implemented the following gymnastic elements that were invented by her coach Boris Vasilyevich Pilkin: [4]


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Rondat to the bridge — a flask with a 360° turn on a horse — a backflip bent (vault).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Rondat to the bridge is a flask with a 180° turn on the horse — a forward somersault in a group with a turn of 540° (vault).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

From the handstand on the lower pole, turn back without touching the flight with a breakdown and turning 180° in the hang to the upper pole (bars).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Analogue of Markelov's flight legs apart on the male crossbar (bars).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

The leg stalder is apart with a 540° turn into a mixed grip (bars).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In addition to her, only American athlete Amy Chow was able to repeat this element.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

From a standing position across, a flask with one leg with a 360° turn to a standing position (log).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Jump: in a swoop of one backflip with a 900° turn (log).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

After retiring from sports


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

For performing the most difficult combinations on uneven bars, she was awarded the unofficial title “Queen of Bars”.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Svetlana also received the unofficial title of sex symbol of Russian sports after participating in a number of bold photo shoots for men's magazines and was one of the most desirable brides in Russia.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In 1999 she graduated from the Faculty of Physical Culture of Belgorod State University as a teacher of physical education.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In January 2002, at the Russian State Academy of Physical Culture, she defended her Ph.D. thesis on the topic “Theoretical study of the technique of sports and gymnastic exercises using linear-branched didactic programming”, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In October 2003, she was the host of the Dom-1 TV show on TNT, after the first presenter Nikolai Baskov left [8].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Dmitry Nagiyev held the final of the program in November.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In 2003, she joined the Unity and Fatherland party, later United Russia [9].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In autumn 2004, she ended her sports career.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Since 2004 he has been Vice President of the Russian Artistic Gymnastics Federation.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Member of the United Russia party.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

On December 2, 2007, she was elected to the State Duma of the 5th convocation.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

While working in the State Duma, she graduated from the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation [10].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Since July 26, 2010, he has been a member of the Patriarchal Council for Culture (Russian Orthodox Church) [11].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

On October 6, 2012, she was appointed Assistant to the Control Directorate of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation [12].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

He has the military rank of lieutenant colonel in reserve.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

By order of the Minister of Defense of Russia Sergei Shoigu dated February 2016, she was appointed First Deputy Head of the Federal Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation” Central Sports Club of the Army” (FAU MO RF CSKA).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In September 2016, she became an authorized representative of the party “United Russia” in the elections to the State Duma of the VII convocation.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In 2018, he was awarded the next military rank of “colonel” [13].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Honors


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Orders:


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Order “For Merit to the Fatherland” IV degree (February 18, 2006) — for his great contribution to the development of physical culture and sports and high sporting achievements [14]


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Order of Honor (April 19, 2001) — for his great contribution to the development of physical culture and sports, high sporting achievements at the Games of the 27th Olympiad in 2000 in Sydney [15]


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Order of Friendship (January 6, 1997) — For services to the state and high sporting achievements at the XXVI Summer Olympics in 1996 [16]


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Medals: [17]


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Medal “For Distinction in Military Service” (Ministry of Defense) III degree


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

“Participant of the military operation in Syria” medal


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

200th Anniversary of the Ministry of Defense Medal


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Other awards:


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Certificate of Honor of the President of Russia (2017),


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

The title “Honorary Citizen of Belgorod” (July 22, 2003) — for outstanding achievements in sports, great personal contribution to the development of the physical culture and sports movement of the city of Belgorod,


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Honorary Badge (Order) “Sports Glory of Russia” (editorial office of the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda and the Board of the Russian Olympic Committee, November 2002) [18]


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Laureate of the Olympia National Award for Public Recognition of Women's Achievements of the Russian Academy of Business and Entrepreneurship [19] in 2005


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Svetlana Khorkina's name star was opened on February 25, 2017 on the Olympic Walk of Fame of the Rosa Khutor Resort (Sochi) [20].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Personal life


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In the early 2000s, she was in a close relationship for several years with billionaire Kirill Shubsky (b. 1964), husband of actress and director Vera Glagoleva (1956—2017).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

We met him in March 1997 in Lausanne at a restaurant, after which he gave Khorkina a mobile phone for communication and then often flew to support him at the European Championships in Russia, as well as in Sydney (2000).


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Khorkina described the history of her relationship with him in detail in her autobiographical book “Somersaults on stilettos”.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

[21] Subsequently, Glagoleva forgave her husband, and they lived happily ever after.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

His son, Svyatoslav Kirillovich Khorkin, was born on July 21, 2005 in Los Angeles, automatically obtaining US citizenship.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Since Shubsky sought not to advertise their relationship, he told Khorkina that she should go as far as possible and not inform anyone about her pregnancy.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

She gave birth at a good Cedars-Sinai Medical Center by Cesarean section, although she was lying there under a false name so that she could not be found.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

[23] After the birth of the child, Hollywood actor Levan Uchaneishvili took over the role of father for the media, but later it turned out that it was just a cover operation.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

[5] In 2011, Khorkina's father said that his son's own father was businessman Kirill Shubsky.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

[24] [5]


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In April 2011, Khorkina married Oleg Kochnov, who was then 55 years old.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

[5] Oleg Kochnov served in the Federal Customs Service and the Federal Service for Drug Control, reserve general [25] [26].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

After his resignation, he served as assistant to the governor of the Amur Region, then head of the representative office of the Amur Region under the President of the Russian Federation


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

In an interview, Khorkina said: “Previously, everyone considered me a bitch. And this has helped me in my life. I only lived gymnastics, did only what I wanted to do. She could manipulate the people around me, the guys who looked after me. And I gladly did it” [27].


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Leonid Arkaev, the head coach of the Russian artistic gymnastics team, confirmed the opinion that she is a “bitch”.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

He lives in his house in Vatutinki in the Novomoskovsk Administrative District of Moscow (until July 1, 2012 — as part of the Leninsky District of the Moscow Region, on the territory of the Desyonovskoye settlement, not far from Troitsk), next to the gym in the CSKA training and sports base “Vatutinki”, where gymnasts also train.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

At the movies


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

She became one of the characters in the film “Champions: Faster. Higher. Stronger”, which was based on real events.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

He is mentioned in the series “Make It Or Break It” (episode 4 of season III) as a gymnast who has achieved huge success with inappropriate height for bars of different sizes.


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Literature


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Notes


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

References


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Official site


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Izvestiya:


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

at Olympics at Sports-reference.com


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:Russian gymnasts


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category: Olympic gold medalists in artistic gymnastics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category: Olympic gold medalists for Russia


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category: Champions of the 1996 Summer Olympics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category: Champions of the 2000 Summer Olympics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Silver medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Silver medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category: Silver medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Bronze medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Gymnasts at the 2004 Summer Olympics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:Artistic Gymnastics World Champions


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:European champions in artistic gymnastics


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:Members of United Russia


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category: Russian Artistic Gymnastics Champions


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category: Deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:Employees of the Presidential Administration of Russia


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:Honorary Citizens of Belgorod


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:Belgorod Oblast sportspeople


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:Politicians of Belgorod Oblast


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:Russian sports officials


Question: What is Aliya Mustafina's favorite equipment in athletics?

Svetlana Khorkina

Category:Colonels (Russian Federation)


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Silk is a soft fabric made of threads extracted from a silkworm cocoon.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Initially, silk originated from China and was an important commodity that was delivered to Europe via the Silk Road.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The fiber thickness is 20—30 micrometers.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The length of the silk thread (mulberry [1]) from one cocoon reaches 400—1500 m. The thread has a triangular cross-section and, like a prism, refracts light, which causes a beautiful shimmer and shine.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Currently, China is the largest producer of silk (about 50% of total world production).


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

India produces about 15% of the world's silk, followed by Uzbekistan (about 3%) and Brazil (about 2.5%).


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Iran, Thailand and Vietnam are also significant producers.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

History


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The tradition of sericulture in China originated in the Neolithic (5th-3rd millennia BC).


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

According to an ancient Chinese legend, China owes the art of making silk to the wife of the Yellow Emperor, the mythical founder of the Chinese state, because she was the one who taught her people breed caterpillars and weave.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The oldest silkworm cocoon discovered by archaeologists was found in a Neolithic settlement in the northern province of Shanxi (c. 2200—1700 BC), and the first fragments of silk fabric were found in one of the tombs Southern China during the Warring States (475—221 BC).


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

At the turn of the new era, many varieties of silk were already widespread in China:


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

dense silk resembling crepe;


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

thin gas silks;


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

complex weave silk;


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

silk with a variety of embroidered patterns;


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

and others.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Before dyeing, silk was washed, boiled and bleached.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Mineral and vegetable dyes were used for coloring.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

To give more complex shades, the fabrics were repeatedly dyed.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

For centuries, no one outside of China has been able to master the technology of silk production, because the disclosure of the secret was death.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

A lot of effort has been spent on finding out this secret.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

There is a well-known legend about how silk production originated in Khotan.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The local ruler could not get hold of the raw materials and the method of making the coveted material.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Then, on the advice of his minister Yuchi Mu, he decided to cheat and married a Chinese princess.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

When the offer was accepted, the messenger of the Khotan ruler whispered to the princess that her husband's homeland had a lot of excellent jade, but there was no exquisite silk and if she wanted to wear the same beautiful clothes, as before the wedding, she should bring silkworm eggs and mulberry seeds with her.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The girl brought everything she needed to Khotan, hiding the cocoons in her intricate hairstyle, and eggs among bags of herbs and potions.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The enterprising princess thought much larger than her fiancé and took with her, under the guise of domestic servants, specialists in silkworm breeding, mulberry breeding and weaving.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

According to another legend, in 550, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I persuaded two Persian monks to bring him precious silkworm eggs from China.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The monks hid them in a hollow bamboo stick.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The true story remains unknown.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

One way or another, for centuries, a carefully guarded secret has been gradually revealed.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

In the Middle Ages, silk became one of the main industries in Venice (13th century), Genoa and Florence (14th century), and Milan (15th century).


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

By the 18th century, silk industry had spread throughout Western Europe.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Fiber structure


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Silk fiber consists of 75% fibroin and 25% sericin.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

If you look at the fiber under a microscope, you will see two parallel fibroin strands with lumpy sericin deposits on them.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

In addition to fibroin and sericin, silk contains waxes and fats, as well as minerals [2].


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The width of the silk thread is about 32 microns, the length can reach one and a half kilometers.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The breaking stress of the thread is about 40 kgf/mm² (1 kgf/mm² = 107 n/m²), the tensile elongation is 14-18% [2].


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Silk fabric manufacturing


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Fibrous raw materials successively go through the stages of sorting, ripening (for loosening the compressed mass of fibers and partial removal of impurities), soaking and further drying (to remove sericin).


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

This is followed by several stages of carding (converting the mass of fibers into a combed tape with oriented fibers), during which long-fiber and short fiber combs are formed, used for production of yarns with different properties.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

This is followed by the twisting of the threads, from which the fabric will be made later during the weaving stage.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Finishing silk fabrics to give them useful properties consists of boiling stages (in soapy water at a temperature of about 95 degrees for 1.5-3 hours for the final removal of sericin, coloring and fatty substances); dyeing; revitalization (treatment with acetic acid solution for 15-30 minutes at a temperature of 30° C to give shine and juiciness of color (for dyed fabrics)).


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Optionally: to obtain white silk, the raw material is bleached with an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide at a temperature of 70° C for 8-12 hours; airbrush is used to obtain silk with a pattern method of application using stencils (for single copies) or hardware drawing of a pattern using mesh templates.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The final finishing for all types of raw materials is decating — hot steam treatment under pressure for a few minutes to relieve intramolecular stresses in the fiber structure.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

[3] [4]


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Properties and features of silk fabrics [3] [4]


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

It has medium heat resistance - with prolonged exposure to high temperatures, the tensile strength decreases slightly, but the fabric becomes more fragile


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

the recommended temperature of wet-heat treatment is 30 °C


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

very low light fastness — after exposure to sunlight for only 200 hours, the strength is reduced by half


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

medium chemical resistance — silk, like other fabrics made from natural raw materials, is insensitive to the effects of organic solvents (vinegar, alcohol), and reacts only with concentrated solutions of acids and alkalis.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

high hygroscopicity and absorbency.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

silk should not be boiled


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

high strength (when wet, strength decreases)


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

stretches and stretches well.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

The silk burns slowly, gives off the smell of burnt feathers.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

a soft dark gray ball remains at the end of the burnt silk thread


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

the natural color of the fiber is white or cream.


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Beauty


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Breathability


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Ease and tenderness


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Fabric features


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

good hygienic properties


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

After appropriate treatment, silk fabrics acquire:


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

good drapability


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

shine


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Varieties


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Tussah, wild silk, tussore, tussur, tusser, tusseh, tussah — from butterfly caterpillars — dense, light and medium, yellowish-brown in color [5].


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Malagasy silk


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

See also


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Silkworm


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Sericulture


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Silk Road


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Viscose fiber


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Alpaca


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Notes


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Literature


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

References


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

videos


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk

Category:Animal natural fibers


Question: Where was silk invented?

silk


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham Hotspur Football Club (English: Tottenham Hotspur Football Club; English pronunciation: /ˈtənəm ˈhtspː/, Tottenham Hotspur) is an English professional football club based in Tottenham Hotspur, district in North London, playing in the Premier League.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

It was founded in 1882.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The club's nickname is “Spurs” (English: Spurs).


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The club's home stadium is Wembley.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham Hotspur became the first club in the 20th century to score a home double, winning both the championship and the FA Cup in the 1960—1961 season.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1963, the Spurs became the first British club to win the European Cup, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the 1980s, the Spurs won several trophies: the FA Cup twice, the FA Super Cup, and the UEFA Cup (1983/1984).


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 2008, the club won the Football League Cup, beating Chelsea 2-1 in extra time in the final, thus winning the title at least once in a decade for of the past 60 years, as did Manchester United.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham traditionally compete with their closest neighbor, Arsenal: the matches between these two teams are called the “North London derby”.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

History


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

founding


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The history of Tottenham Hotspur began on September 5, 1882.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Several students from one of the local schools decided to found their own football team.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

They were members of a cricket club, but the cricket season was over.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team was originally named “Hotspur” in honor of Sir Henry Percy, nicknamed Hotspur, which he received for his hot-tempered disposition.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The club's office was located in the Young Christians Association.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1884, the club received its current name: it was changed so that the club was not confused with another team, London Hotspur.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The formation of the club


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham played their first officially registered match against Dial Square, the ancestor of the future Arsenal.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The match did not end due to dusk, but at the end of the game, the score was 2-1 in favor of Tottenham Hotspur.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

And the first official match for the English Championship took place on September 24, 1892 in the championship of the Southern Alliance.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Polytechnic was defeated with a score of 2:1.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1899, the Spurs moved to High Road (later known as White Hart Lane).


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

A year later, the team won the Southern League Cup, which allowed Tottenham to play in the FA Cup, where they faced Sheffield United in the final.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Crystal Palace sold 114,815 tickets.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the 11th minute, Sheffield opened the scoring, but Spurs forward Alexander Brown equalized it.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the 50th minute, the same Brown brought the Londoners forward, but a minute later Sheffield scored a very controversial goal: after a cross by Christ, the Spurs goalkeeper dropped the ball from his hands.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The referee on the line considered that it was necessary to award a corner, but referee Kingscott counted the goal.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The match ended in a draw with a score of 2:2, and according to the regulations, a replay was scheduled to determine the winner.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The second match took place in Bolton.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham conceded first, but won back 3-1.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In a fit of feelings, when the captain of the team Jones was awarded the cup, the wife of the director of the club tied several multi-colored ribbons on the cup.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

This has since become a tradition.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1908, Tottenham made it to the second division instead of Stoke City and immediately finished second, reaching the first division.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

There he finished 15th (out of 20), but won matches against Liverpool silver medalist 1-0 and defeated bronze medalist Blackburn Rovers 4-0.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1915, Tottenham took the last place and was relegated to the second division, but due to the outbreak of the First World War, matches were not held.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

At the end of the war, in 1919, the first division was reformed, and one of the innovations was an increase in the number of participants from 20 to 22.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

It was logical to leave the winners of the 2nd division in the league.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

This was done to the three teams, and the Spurs place was given to Arsenal, which before the war was only 5th in the second division.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

According to one version, this was due to the acquaintance of the owner of “Arsenal” with the head of the Football Association of England.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1920, Tottenham won the second division, setting several records.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In addition, the team won the FA Cup, beating Wolverhampton Wanderers in the final.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The following season, the team finished 6th in the standings and then became the silver medalist.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the period from 1923 to 1927, the Spurs took 12th, 13th and 15th places twice, respectively.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1928, Tottenham were relegated from the second division, where they returned five years later.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the first season, the team finished third, and the following year it became the last, which is why they were relegated to the third division.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team's rise is associated with the name of Arthur Rove, who took over the club in 1949.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

He became known as the inventor of the hit-run tactic, according to which a player, after receiving the ball, had to quickly give it to his partner and run to an empty seat, waiting for a return pass.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

English clubs were not ready for this tactic, and in 1950 Tottenham won the second division, reaching the big leagues.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team started uncertainly, but then won seven victories in a row.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The key was the match against the then-leading Newcastle United on November 18, 1950.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham won 7-0.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

That season, the team won the championship, becoming the champion of England.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The following season, the success was almost repeated, finishing second, losing four points to the champion Manchester United.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Compared to the beginning of the 50s, the results of the team became more modest.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

This was due to the fact that other clubs in England adopted the tactics of the game.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham took first 10th and then 16th place.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Rove tried to shake the team, but he didn't succeed.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1954, the coach suffered a severe nervous breakdown, which caused him to leave his post.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team was headed by Jimmy Anderson, under whose leadership the team became a two-time champion of England.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

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Bill Nick era


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Bill Nicholson led the team in 1958.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

He succeeded Jimmy Anderson in this position.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Already in the first match, they beat Everton 10-4.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Nicholson managed to maintain his registration in the top flight, and next season win bronze medals of the championship.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The coach decided not to stop there, but for this it was necessary to strengthen the roster.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Three Scottish players were bought to achieve their goals: Dave Mackay, Bill Brown and John White, and at the end of 1961, one of the strongest players of the time, Jimmy Greaves, joined the club.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The transfer amounted to 99,999 pounds.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The results were not long in coming: Tottenham won the 1961 Premier League.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Already at the start, the team played a series of 11 victories in a row.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Later, Tottenham set several more records in the first division: goal difference (115-55; +60), 31 league wins, 16 of which were away.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The club also won the FA Cup that year.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Leicester City were defeated in the final.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the first half, Leicester were left with ten men due to the injury of defender Chalmers, which is why they rebuilt their formation and began to play defensively.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the 38th minute, a goal by Spurs player Cliff Jones was canceled due to offside.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the second half, Bobby Smith and Terry Dyson scored two goals, bringing their club the FA Cup and a golden double.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Thanks to this success, the club started in the European Champions Cup, where they lost 0-4 to Gornik Zabrze in the first match in the first half.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

During the break, Nicholson reassured the team, thanks to which the Londoners reduced the gap to two goals — 2-4.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the second leg, which took place in London, Gornik was defeated 8-1.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Later, they defeated Feyenoord (3:1, 1-1) and Dukla (0-1, 4-1).


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The opponents in the semifinals were Benfica, with the Portuguese team winning 3-1 in Lisbon, with two goals not counted due to offside.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham won 2-1 in the second leg, but Benfica advanced to the final on aggregate.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1962, the Spurs won a bronze medal and two FA Cups (3-1 defeated Burnley in the final) and the Cup Winners' Cup [1].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

A year later, the team became the silver medalist of the championship (6 points ahead of the champion, Everton).


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the Cup Winners' Cup, the club was eliminated in the first stage (2-0 and 1-4 against Manchester United).


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Key players of the club, Blanchflower, Makaay and White, retired (the layer died as a result of a lightning strike), as Tottenham's results began to deteriorate.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

As a result, new players were acquired — goalkeeper Pat Jennings, defenders Mike England and Cyril Knowles, midfielder Alan Mollery.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

With the new team, Nicholson won the bronze medal of the championship (losing to the silver medalists Nottingham Forest in terms of goals scored and conceded), and won the FA Cup.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the final, another London team, Chelsea, was defeated 2-1.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1971, after defeating Aston Villa, the club won the club's first ever Football League Cup, which gave it the opportunity to participate in the UEFA Cup [2].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the semi-final of the UEFA Cup, the Spurs had a two-legged encounter with Milan.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

At home, the Londoners conceded first, but recouped and eventually won.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the second leg, held in Milan, Alan Mellery opened the scoring, after which the hosts equalized it, but Tottenham advanced further.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the final, the team defeated Wolverhampton Wanderers.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

As the winner of the UEFA Cup, the Spurs took part in its next draw.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the new Cup season, Tottenham reached the semifinals, where they lost to Liverpool, who also represented England.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1973, after winning the League Cup for the second time, the club started again in the UEFA Cup.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham reached the final, where they met with Feyenoord.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

the first match ended in a 2-2 draw.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team lost the return leg in Rotteradm 0-2, and his fans caused riots in the city.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

It should be noted that they started even before the referee's starting whistle.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

More than two hundred fans of the Dutch club were injured.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

After this match, the team's head coach, Bill Nicholson, resigned.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

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Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Nicholson wanted to see his former player, Keith Barkinshaw, as the new head coach.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

But Tottenham management has appointed Terry Neil from Arsenal as the new coach.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Upon learning of this, Nicholson took his belongings from White Hart Lane [3].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Under the leadership of the new coach, Tottenham left the first division in two seasons.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1976, Neil was dismissed and replaced by Barknishaw, who returned the club back.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Before the start of the 1978—79 season, the Spurs bought two world champions, Argentines Osvaldo Ardiles and Ricky Villa.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

This acquisition has become one of the most famous in English football.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The club began the 1980s with a 1981 FA Cup victory over Manchester City (Villa scored twice).


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Three years later, another trophy was won — the UEFA Cup, beating Anderlecht, Belgium in the final.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the second final match at home, the Spurs recouped after a goal by Alex Chernyatinsky (Graham Roberts scored a goal only in the 84th minute).


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham won the penalty shootout.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

A few weeks before winning the UEFA Cup, Barkinshaw announced his resignation.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The Spurs lost a coach who made Tottenham successful again.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

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Peter Shrives is the new coach and Irwin Skolar is the president.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the first season, Srives managed to keep the club in the top three, but then the team began to decline, which caused a change of coach.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1986, the club was headed by David Plate.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

After losing in the semi-finals of the League Cup and the FA Cup, Plate resigned in the fall of 1987.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The club was led by Terry Venables, who won bronze medals in the 1990 championship and the FA Cup a year later.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 1990, due to a collapse in the real estate market, President Skolar was on the verge of bankruptcy.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Soon, the club was managed by Venables and businessman Alan Sugar, who replaced it.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

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Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

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Early years in the Premier League


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham finished their first season in the Premier League in 8th place, after which the Venables was expelled from the club's board after an agreement with Sugar.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Osvaldo Ardiles became the new coach of the club.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the offseason, players such as Jurgen Klinsman, Teddy Sheringham, Darren Anderton, Ilie Dumitrescu and Nick Barmbi were bought.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Due to the large spending on transfers, the players were expected to have an instant result — but as a result, 15th place in the 1993—94 season.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In connection with these results, Ardiles was dismissed.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

At the end of the season, a scandal broke out over illegal salaries to players.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

There was a penalty: withdrawal of 12 points (in this case, the club is in 21st place) and disqualification for one year in the FA Cup, plus a fine of 600 thousand pounds.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Sugar filed a protest, and after its consideration, the sanctions were lifted.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Jerry Francis became the new head coach.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Under him, the team finished 7th, which gave it the right to play in the Intertoto Cup, and reached the semifinals of the national cup.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the Intertoto Cup, the Spurs finished penultimate in the group, and lost 1-4 to Everton in the FA Cup semifinals.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

After that, in 1996 and 1997, the club took 8th and 10th places, respectively.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The club started the 1997/98 season with a series that led to the team being ranked 18th in the standings, after which Francis was fired.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The new coach was Christian Gross, who managed to save the team from relegation.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The following season, the coach was fired after three rounds of the championship.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

He was replaced by George Graham, who previously worked for Tottenham's principal rival Arsenal.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Despite protests from fans over Graham's previous job, the club won the League Cup, beating Leicester City in the final, and reached the FA Cup semi-finals.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Due to the results shown by the team, the management left George.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The key role in the team was played by David Ginola, recognized as the best player in England in two polls at once [4].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Since 2001.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Daniel Levy era


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 2001, Daniel Levy became president and Glenn Hoddle became Tottenham's new coach.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The first game under his leadership ended with a victory over Arsenal in the FA Cup semifinals.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Under him, the roster was played mainly by experienced players — Teddy Sheringham, Gustav Poyet and Christian Zige.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

After a while, with the help of this tactic, Tottenham began to show spectacular football.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the 2001—02 season, the club finished ninth and reached the League Cup final, where they lost 1-2 to Blackburn Rovers.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The next season began with victories for the team, and by the end of February Tottenham were in the top six.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

After scoring 7 points in their last 10 games, the club went down a few places in the table and finished tenth.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Some players began to publicly criticize Glenn Hoddle's management system and communication skills.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

After the start of the 2003-04 season, in which the team scored 4 points in six games, Hoddle was fired.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

David Plate served as coach until the end of the season and led the team to 14th place.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In May 2004, Tottenham invited Frenchman Jacques Santini as head coach.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Santini left the club due to unknown circumstances after 13 games.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

His assistant, Martin Yol, took the place of coach.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

During the 2005-06 season, Tottenham spent most of the season in fourth place in the Champions League, but finished fifth.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

However, the club won a place in the UEFA Cup.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the 2006/07 season, the Spurs finished fifth again.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

After a bad start the following season, Yol was dismissed.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The new coach was Juande Ramos, who won the League Cup in February 2008, beating Chelsea in the final.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

At the end of autumn of the same year, after a failure at the start of the championship, the coach was dismissed.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

On October 26, 2008, he was replaced by Portsmouth CEO Harry Redknapp.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

On the same day, Tottenham met with Bolton Wanderers and claimed their first Premier League victory this season — 2-0.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In winter, a number of purchases were made — Robbie Keane, Pascal Schimbonda returned, and Carlo Cudicini of Chelsea and Wilson Palacios of Wigan Athletic were bought.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

During the season, the club left the relegation zone, and as a result, took eighth place.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the summer offseason, Harry Redknapp began to strengthen the team, buying Kyle Naughton and Kyle Walker of Sheffield United, Sebastian Bassong of Newcastle United, Peter Crouch and Nico Kranchar of Portsmouth ”.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The Spurs started the 2009—10 season with four wins in a row.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

At the end of the month, Harry Redknapp was recognized as the best coach, and Jermaine Defoe was recognized as the best player.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

During the winter transfer window, another former Spurs player, Younes Kabul, returned to the club, and Eidur Gudyonsen joined the club on loan.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

On 14 April 2010, Tottenham won their first Premier League victory in 11 years over their principal rival, Arsenal, by a score of 2-1.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Three days later, Tottenham beat Chelsea with the same score, seriously increasing their chances of winning the coveted fourth place, which gives them the right to play in the Champions League from next season.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

On May 5, Tottenham defeated their main rival Manchester City by a narrow score, qualifying for the first time in their history to qualify for the Champions League qualifying round.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Harry Redknapp's achievements did not go unnoticed, and at the end of the season he was named Premier League Coach of the Year.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The next season, the Spurs, playing on two fronts, finished in fifth place.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Before the start of the season, the team was joined by William Gallas and vice-champion of the world, Rafael van der Waart.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the group stage of the Champions League, the team took first place, ahead of Internazionale, Twente and Werder Bremen.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

He defeated Milan in the 1/8 finals, but the next round was followed by a 5-0 defeat for Real Madrid.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Thus, an anti-record of the Champions League was set for the biggest defeat in the playoffs on the sum of two meetings for English clubs.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team finished fourth in the 2011/12 season, but Chelsea, who finished 6th in the championship, won the Champions League final against Bayern Munich, thereby automatically securing themselves participation in the League for the next season.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Because of this, Tottenham were eliminated from the tournament without playing a single match and won the right to play in the Europa League.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Before the start of the new season, the club changed coach: Harry Redknapp, who had coached the club for more than three years, was replaced by Andre Villas-Boas, who previously coached Porto and Chelsea.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Ladley King, Stephen Pinar, as well as Luka Modric and Niko Krančar also left the team, moving to Real Madrid and Dynamo Kyiv, respectively.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

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In the 2012/13 season, the Spurs, led by Villas Boas, finished fifth, again behind Arsenal.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

After long negotiations, its leader Gareth Bale left the team - the Welsh's transfer amounted to about 86 million pounds.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

That summer, the Spurs bought with the proceeds from the sale of Bale, Corinthians midfielder Paulinho for £17 million, Valencia striker Soldado for £26 million, striker Roma's lamela for £30 million, Ajax midfielders Eriksen for £11.25 million, Twente's Chadli for £7 million and Toulouse's Capu for £9 million, as well as defender Kirikes from Steaua for £8.5 million.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Later, Tottenham President Daniel Levy called these purchases a waste of money [5].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the 2013—14 season, Villas Boas was fired after a devastating 0-5 defeat to Liverpool at White Hart Lane, and Tim Sherwood was appointed head coach, with Tottenham finishing 6th place.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

6] On May 13, 2014, Tim Sherwood was dismissed [6].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

“Tim had an 18-month agreement with the possibility of termination at the end of the season, and now we have taken advantage of this option,” Daniel Levy, president of the club, wrote on Tottenham's website [7] .


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

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Sherwood stated that he “learned a lot during this period” and “did not fall off his chair when he was announced his dismissal, but was disappointed that he lost his job” [8].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Two weeks later, on May 27, 2014, Tottenham announced the appointment of former Espanola and Southampton coach Mauricio Pochettino, 42, to the post of coach of the team [9].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The contract was valid for a period of five years.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Daniel Levy said that “in the person of Mauricio, we have a head coach who, with his high energy and attacking football, will profess the same style of play in our club. He proved that he has the ability to both develop the best qualities of each player and instill the team spirit and mentality of the winners in the players” [10].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Before the start of the 2014/15 season, Tottenham strengthened their defensive line with goalkeeper Michel Worm, defenders Federico Facio, Ben Davis, Eric Dyer, Deandre Yedlin and defensive midfielder Benjamin Istanbul, for an amount exceeding £35.5 million.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

At the same time, the club parted with Sandro, Gilfi Sigurdsson, Jake Livermore, Zeki Fryers, Iago Falke, Jonathan Obika and captain Michael Dawson.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

German attacking midfielder Lewis Holtby has been loaned to Hamburg for a year.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Pochettino's team started the season with two wins, over West Ham United and Queens Park Rangers, but was followed by a series of draws, one-goal wins and several defeats, including three defeats — against Liverpool, Manchester City and Chelsea.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team came to Boxing Day on the 7th place in the standings.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

On January 1, 2015, Tottenham beat Chelsea 5-3 at home, which made it possible to reach 5th place in the championship and regain the positive goal difference [11].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team continued to perform uneven until the end of the season, eventually remaining in 5th place, largely thanks to Harry Kane, scoring 31 goals, of which 21 were scored in the Premier League and 7 in Europa League.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team was eliminated from the second tournament at the round of 32, losing to Fiorentina.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Kane won the Young Player of the Year award, which was previously done by other Tottenham players, Kyle Walker in the 2011/12 season and Gareth Bale a season later.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the 2015/16 season, Tottenham fought for a place in the Champions League, before which they parted with a number of players [12].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the Europa League, the team advanced from the group from the first place, after which they met Fiorentina again in the 1/16 finals.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The first match in Italy ended in a 1-1 draw, and the Londoners won 3-0 in the second leg.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

At the next stage, Tottenham went to Borussia Dortmund, to which Tottenham lost 5-1 and were eliminated from the tournament.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The following season, the team won the silver medalist of the Premier League, losing 7 points to Chelsea.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Harry Kane became the top scorer of the championship with his 29 goals.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Dele Alli became the best young player in the Premier League with 18 goals and 7 assists.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Finances


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In the period from 2001 to 2011, Tottenham shares were on AIM (an alternative investment market — a platform at the London Stock Exchange).


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The market value of the club's share gradually decreased, quotes have fallen by almost half since 2009.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

As of November 16, 2011, Tottenham had a value of £0.4 million, which provided the club with a market capitalization of almost £86 million [13].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The main shareholder of the club is ENIC International Ltd, an investment company created by British billionaire Joe Lewis.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Daniel Levy, Lewis's ENIC partner, is the club's executive chairman.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The share of ENIC's shares was increased through the purchase of the remaining 14.7% stake from former chairman Alan Sugar in 2007 [14], and in 2009 ENIC bought back 9.9% of the shares owned by Stelios Hadzhi-John [ 15].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

During the 2010—11 season, Tottenham earned 163.5 million pounds (a year ago 119.8 million), and the final balance was positive - 402 thousand pounds.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

At a shareholders' meeting in January 2012, the club confirmed that it would be transferred to the private ownership of ENIC [16].


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In April 2014, the club made a net profit of £1.5 million in fiscal year 2013.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

attainments


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

National


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Football League First Division [17]


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Champion (2): 1950/51, 1960/61


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Vice Champion (5): 1921/22, 1951/52, 1956/57, 1962/63, 2016/17


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Football League Division Two [17]


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Champion (2): 1919/20, 1949/50


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Vice Champion (2): 1908/09, 1932/33


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

England Cup


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Owner (8): 1901, 1921, 1961, 1962, 1967, 1981, 1982, 1991


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Finalist: 1987


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Football League Cup


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Owner (4): 1971, 1973, 1999, 2008


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Finalist (4): 1982, 2002, 2009, 2015


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

England Super Cup


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Owner (7): 1921, 1951, 1961, 1962, 1967*, 1981*, 1991*


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Finalist (2): 1920, 1982


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Divided Super Bowl victories (the matches were tied and both participating clubs were declared winners)


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

International


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Uefa Cup


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Owner (2): 1972, 1984


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Finalist: 1974


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Owner: 1963


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Records


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham's match against AS Monaco on September 14, 2016 in the Champions League group stage at Wembley gathered 85,011 fans, which was a record for attendance at English games clubs.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

[18] [19]


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Biggest wins


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Biggest lost matches


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Club


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Main sponsors


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Years Title Sponsors1882—1983No Sponsor1983—1995 Holsten1995—1999 Hewlett-Packard1999—2002 Holsten2002—2006 Thomson Holidays2006—2010 Mansion.com Casino & Poker2010—2013 Autonomy2013—2014 Hewlett- Packard2014— AIA


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Mould suppliers


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Years Form Manufacturers1978—1980 Admiral1980—1985 Le Coq Sportif1985—1991 Hummel1991—1995 Umbro1995—1999 Pony1999—2002 Adidas2002—2006 Kappa2006—2012 Puma2012—2017 Under Armour2017— Nike


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Symbols


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Stadium


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Since 1899, the team's first home stadium was White Hart Lane.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

In 2016, the dismantling of the stadium began due to the fact that Tottenham Hotspur is building a new arena for itself.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

On April 28, 2017, it was announced that Tottenham would play their home games at Wembley Stadium in the 2017-2018 season to complete plans for the demolition of White Hart Lane and complete construction of a new stadium.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

On 14 May 2017, Tottenham played their last match at White Hart Lane.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

The team defeated Manchester United 2-1 and said goodbye to the stadium where they had played since 1899.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

After the final whistle, the fans ran out onto the field.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Less than a day after the match, the demolition of the White Hart Lane began.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Workers dismantled the chairs and dug up the field.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Tottenham will spend the next 2017/18 season at Wembley Stadium, and in the summer of 2019 they will move to the new arena, which is being built near White Hart Lane.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Form


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

Initially, Tottenham played all blue.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

From 1884 to 1886, the uniform was white and blue.


Question: Who was Tottenham Hotspur's first coach?

Tottenham Hotspur

T-shirts went red in 1890.