Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

(Claudius Ptolemy and Ammian Marcellin) The Volga was called Ra [3], Latin: Rha (cf.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

[] error: {{lang-xx}}: no text (help) and Erzya: Rav are both names of Iranian origin).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the Middle Ages, the Volga with Kama and Belaya is known as Itil (cf. Modern names Tatar: Idel, Nogai: Edil, Kazakh: Edil, Chuvash: Atl, Oirat: Iil).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Byzantine chronicler Theophanes the Confessor, describing the geographical names of the Northern Black Sea region, several times mentions “the greatest river flowing down from the ocean through the land of the Sarmatians and called Ateλ” [4].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The modern Mari Yul comes from Tatar: Jelga “stream, river”.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Russian name Volga (Old East Slavic: Vlga) comes from the Proto-Slavic *Vlga, cf.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

volgly - vologa - moisture.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Slavic version of the origin of the name is supported by the presence of the Vlha [5] rivers in the Czech Republic and Poland [6] [7].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Based on the fact that the upper reaches of the Volga are located in a zone where hydronymy of Baltic origin is widely represented, an etymology from the Baltic languages is proposed: ilga “long, long” → oz.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Volgo → r. Volga [8]; valka “stream, small river” [9].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Alternative versions derive the name of the river from the Baltic-Finnish (Finnish: valkea, Estonian: valge “white”, cf. Vologda) and Mari (dr.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

-Mariysk.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

*Jylγ (from Turk.), modern


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Mari: Yul; Mari: Volgydo “bright”) languages.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Paleo-Volga


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The geological history of the Volga River begins in the Pliocene 5 million years ago.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The source of the river was the Ural Mountains and the main channel went through the Kama River.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The modern upper reaches were a minor inflow.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Paleo-Volga flowed into the Caspian Sea near present-day Baku.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Paleo-Volga flowed in the canyon and was a turbulent mountain river.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

At this time, the climate of the region was subtropical, and magnolias grew along the banks of the river [10].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

3—1 million years ago, the rise in the level of the Caspian Sea led to the disappearance of the Paleo-Volga, as the Caspian began to reach the Kama Ustye in the north.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Later, the ice age and the subsequent melting of glaciers formed the modern type of river.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

During the Dnieper glaciation (300 thousand years ago), the glacier covered almost the entire river basin up to the territory of modern Volgograd.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

There is a version that before the Dnieper glaciation, the Volga did not exist at all, the Upper Volga channels flowed into the Paleo-Don, and the Paleo-Kama flowed into the Caspian Sea [11].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Historical data


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

It is believed that the first mention of the Volga is found in the works of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus (5th century BC), in the story about the campaign of the Persian king Darius I against the Scythians.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Herodotus reports that Darius, pursuing the Scythians across the Tanais River (modern. Don), stopped at the Oar River [12].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

They are trying to identify the Oar River with the Volga, although Herodotus also said that Oar flows into Meotida (modern. Sea of Azov).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Some researchers see the Volga in the river reported by Diodorus of Sicily (approx. 90—30 BC): At first, they [the Scythians] lived in very small numbers near the Arax River and were despised for his disgrace.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

But even in ancient times, under the control of one warlike and strategic king, they acquired a country in the mountains to the Caucasus, and in the lowlands of the coast of the Ocean and the Meotian lakes — and other areas up to the Tanaisa River.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Based on this information, they are trying to identify Arax Diodora with the Volga.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In written ancient Roman sources of the II-IV centuries, the Volga is geographically identified as the Ra River - “generous”, in Arabic sources of the IX century it is called the Atelier - “the river of rivers, the great river”.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The earliest Old Russian chronicle, the Tale of Bygone Years, says: “From that Volokovsky Forest [modern. Valdai Upland] will flow the Volga to the east and flow... into the Khvalisskoye Sea [modern. The Caspian Sea]”.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

According to the medieval Turkic and Arab-Persian geographical tradition, the source of the Itil River was located at the confluence of the Ak-Ideli (Belaya), Kuk-Ideli (Dyoma) and Kara-Ideli (Ufa) rivers.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Later, in Russian maps, Ak-Idel was designated as the White Volga (Volozhka).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The geographical location of the Volga and its tributaries led to the emergence of the Volga trade route.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Through the Volgodonsk crossing, communication was carried out with the Don-Azov-Black Sea.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Fabrics and metals were exported from the Arab caliphate, weapons (swords), furs, wax, honey were exported from the Slavic lands.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the 9th-10th centuries, such centers as the Khazar Itil at the mouth, the Bulgarian Bulgar on the Middle Volga, the Russian Rostov, Suzdal, Murom in the Upper Volga region played a significant role in trade.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

After Prince Svyatoslav's campaign to the Volga in 965 and the defeat of many Khazar cities, the importance of the Volga trade route falls, and many ancient trading cities fall into decline.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Since the 11th century, most of Russian international trade has passed along the Dnieper trade route, which is facilitated by princely policy focused on trade and religious ties with Byzantium.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

During this period, the Volga trade weakened greatly, and in the 13th century, the Mongol-Tatar invasion disrupted economic ties, except for the upper Volga basin, where Novgorod, Tver and cities played an active role Vladimir-Suzdal Rus.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Since the 15th century, the importance of the trade route has been restored, and the role of such centers as Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Astrakhan has been growing.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Ivan the Terrible's conquest of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates in the middle of the 16th century led to the unification of the entire Volga River System in the hands of Russia, which contributed to the flourishing of the Volga trade in the 17th century.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

New large cities are emerging — Samara, Saratov, Tsaritsyn; Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Simbirsk play an important role.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Large caravans of ships (up to 500) sail along the Volga.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the 18th century, the main trade routes moved to the West, and the economic development of the lower Volga was hampered by weak population and raids of nomads.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga basin in the XVII-XVIII centuries was the main area of action of rebellious Cossacks and peasants under the leadership of Stepan Razin and Yemelyan Pugachev.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the 19th century, the Volga Trade Route developed significantly after the connection of the Volga and Neva basins by the Mariinsky River System (1808); a large river fleet appeared (in 1820 it was the first steamer), The Volga employs up to 300 thousand haulers.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

There are large shipments of bread, salt, fish, and later oil and cotton.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The development of the Civil War of 1917-1922 in Russia is largely due to the establishment in 1918 of the power of the Committee of the Constituent Assembly in a number of cities of the Volga region.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The restoration of Bolsheviks control over the Volga is considered an important turning point in the Civil War, since control over the Volga provided access to grain resources and Baku oil.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

An important role in the Civil War was played by the defense of Tsaritsyn, in which I. IN. Stalin, which was the reason for the renaming of Tsaritsyn to Stalingrad.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

During the years of socialist construction, due to the industrialization of the whole country, the importance of the Volga Route increased.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Since the end of the 1930s, the Volga began to be used as a source of hydroelectricity.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

During the Great Patriotic War, the turning point and bloodiest battles of Rzhev and Stalingrad took place on the river.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the post-war period, the economic role of the Volga significantly increased, especially after the creation of a number of large reservoirs and hydroelectric power plants.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Geographical location


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga originates at the Valdai Upland (at an altitude of 228 meters) and flows into the Caspian Sea.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The mouth of the river lies 28 meters below sea level.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga is the world's largest river of internal runoff, that is, it does not flow into the world's oceans.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The river system of the Volga basin includes 151,000 watercourses with a total length of 574,000 km.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga receives about 200 tributaries.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Left tributaries are more numerous and more abundant than the right ones.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

There are no significant tributaries after Kamyshin.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga basin occupies about ⅓ of the European territory of Russia and stretches from the Valdai and Central Russian Upland in the west to the Urals in the east.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The main, feeding part of the Volga catchment area, from the source to the cities of Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan, is located in the forest zone, the middle part of the basin to the cities of Samara and Saratov is in the forest-steppe zone, the lower part is in the steppe zone up to Volgograd, and to the south - in the semi-desert zone.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

It is customary to divide the Volga into the upper Volga — from the source to the mouth of the Oka, the middle Volga from the confluence of the Oka to the mouth of the Kama and the lower Volga from the confluence of the Kama to the confluence with the Caspian Sea [14].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Istok


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The source of the Volga is the key near the village of Volgoverkhovye in the Tver region.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the upper reaches, within the Valdai Upland, the Volga passes through small lakes - Maloe and Bolshoye Verkhity, then through a system of large lakes known as the Verkhnevolzhskie Lakes: Sterzh, Vselug, Peno and Volgo, united in the Verkhnevolzhskoye Reservoir.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Verkhnyaya Volga


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

After the Volga passed through the Verkhnevolzhsky Lakes system in 1843, a dam (Verkhnevolzhsky baselot) was built to regulate water flow and maintain navigable depths in the low water.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The first large settlement on the Volga from its source is the city of Rzhev.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The shipping zone begins behind it [15].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Between the cities of Tver and Rybinsk on the Volga, the Ivankovo Reservoir (the so-called Moscow Sea) with a dam and a hydroelectric power station near St. Dubna, Uglich Reservoir (HPP near Uglich) - Rybinsk Reservoir (HPP near Rybinsk).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the Rybinsk-Yaroslavl area and below Kostroma, the river flows in a narrow valley among high banks, crossing the Uglichsko-Danilovskaya and Galichsko-Chukhloma Upland.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Then the Volga flows along the Unzhenskaya and Balakhninskaya lowlands.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

At Gorodets (above Nizhny Novgorod), the Volga, blocked by the dam of the Nizhny Novgorod HPP, forms the Gorky Reservoir.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The largest tributaries of the upper Volga are Selizharovka, Tma, Tvertsa, Mologa, Sheksna, Kotorosl and Unzha.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Srednyaya Volga


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the middle reaches, below the confluence of the Oka River, the Volga becomes even more full-flowing.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

It flows along the northern edge of the Volga Upland.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The right bank of the river is high, the left bank is low-lying.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Cheboksary HPP has been built near Cheboksary, above the dam of which the Cheboksary Reservoir is located.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The largest tributaries of the Volga in its middle reaches are the Oka, Sura, Vetluga and Sviyaga.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Nizhnyaya Volga


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the lower reaches, after the confluence of the Kama River, the Volga becomes a mighty river.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

It flows here along the Volga Upland.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Near Togliatti, above Samarskaya Luka, which is formed by the Volga, skirting the Zhigulevsky Mountains, a dam of the Zhigulevskaya HPP was built; above the dam stretches the Kuibyshev Reservoir.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

A dam of the Saratov HPP was built on the Volga near the city of Balakovo.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Above the dam is the Saratov Reservoir.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Lower Volga receives relatively small tributaries — Sok, Samara, Bolshoy Irgiz, Yeruslan.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In Volgograd, near the Volzhskaya HPP, the left branch, Akhtuba (537 km long), separates from the Volga, which flows parallel to the main channel.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The vast area between the Volga and Akhtuba, crossed by numerous channels and old rivers, is called the Volga-Akhtubinskaya floodplain; the width of the floodplain within this floodplain previously reached 20-30 km.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volzhskaya HPP was built on the Volga between the beginning of Akhtuba and Volgograd; the Volgograd Reservoir stretches above the dam.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Forty kilometers below the dam, the Volga-Don Canal adjoins the Volga, connecting it with the Tsimlyansk Reservoir of the Don.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga Delta begins at the place where the Buzan branch separates from the Volga bed (46 km north of Astrakhan) and is one of the largest in Russia and the largest in Europe.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The delta has up to 500 branches, channels and small rivers.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The main arms are Buzan, Bakhtemir, Kamyzyak, Staraya Volga, Bolda, Akhtuba; of which Bakhtemir is maintained in navigable condition, forming the Volga-Caspian Canal.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

One of the branches of the lower reaches of the Volga, the Kigach River, crosses the territory of Kazakhstan.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

From this branch, the strategic Volga-Mangyshlak water pipeline originates, providing fresh water to certain districts of the Mangystau region of Kazakhstan.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

At different times, the Volga Delta changed its position.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Thus, <... > in the 2nd century, the arid zone began to dry out, which reached a maximum in the 3rd century.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

During this period, the Caspian Sea rose to minus 33-32 m. The Volga carried so much water that the then channel could not accommodate, and formed a delta of a modern type.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

To the south, the delta stretched almost to the Buzachi Peninsula (north of Mangyshlak).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

After the construction of the Kuibyshev reservoir, the Zhigulevskaya HPP is considered to be the border between the middle and lower Volga in some sources above Samara.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In other sources, the Saratov HPP (in the city of Balakovo) is considered to be the border between the middle and lower Volga; thus (as in the division of the Volga region into parts), the Saratov Region belongs to the lower Volga ( except for the extreme northern regions), Volgograd Oblast, the Republic of Kalmykia and Astrakhan Oblast.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Hydrological regime


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The main supply of the Volga is carried out by snow (60% of annual runoff), groundwater (30%) and rain (10%) water.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The natural regime is characterized by spring floods (April-June), low water content during summer and winter low water and autumn rain floods (October).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Annual fluctuations in the level of the Volga before regulation reached 11 m near Tver, 15—17 m below the Kama mouth and 3 m near Astrakhan. With the construction of reservoirs, the flow of the Volga is regulated, and level fluctuations have sharply decreased.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Severe floods occurred on the Volga in 1709, 1719, 1853, 1908 and 1926.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In addition, in connection with the rise in the level when creating reservoirs along low-lying shores, wide and often shallow swampy estuaries and backwaters were formed in a number of cities, and engineering protective structures in the form of dams, backup pumps, etc.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The average annual water discharge at the Verkhnevolzhsky baselot is 29 m³/s, near the city of Tver - 182, near the city of Yaroslavl - 1110, near the city of Nizhny Novgorod - 2970, near the city of Samara - 7,720, near the city of Volgograd - 8060 m³/s.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Below Volgograd, the river loses about 2% of its evaporation consumption.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The maximum water consumption during the flood period in the past below the confluence of the Kama River reached 67,000 m³/s, and in Volgograd, as a result of a spill along the floodplain, did not exceed 52,000 m³/s.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In connection with the regulation of runoff, the maximum flood costs fell sharply, and summer and winter low-cost costs increased greatly.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The water balance of the Volga basin to Volgograd on average over a long-term period is: precipitation is 662 mm, or 900 km³ per year, river flow 187 mm, or 254 km³ per year, evaporation 475 mm, or 646 km³ per year.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Prior to the creation of reservoirs, the Volga carried about 25 million tons of sediment and 40—50 million tons of dissolved minerals to the mouth during the year.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga water temperature in mid-summer (July) reaches 20—25 °C.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga near Astrakhan is opened in mid-March, in the first half of April, an autopsy takes place on the upper Volga and below Kamyshin, and throughout the rest of the river in mid-April.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

It freezes in the upper and middle reaches at the end of November, in the lower reaches in early December; about 200 days remain free from ice, and about 260 days near Astrakhan.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

With the creation of reservoirs, the thermal regime of the Volga has changed: on the upper reaches, the duration of ice phenomena has increased, and on the lower reaches it has become shorter.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Volga is the central waterway of Russia


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga flows through the territory of 15 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (from source to mouth):


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Tver Oblast,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Moscow Oblast,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Yaroslavskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Kostromskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Ivanovskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Mari El,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Chuvashia,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Tatarstan,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Ulianovskaya Oblast'


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Samarskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Saratovskaya Oblast'


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Volgograd Oblast,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Astrakhan Oblast,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Kalmykia.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Geographically, the Volga basin is located on the territory of the following constituent entities of the Russian Federation


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Kaluzhskaya Oblast'


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Oryol Oblast,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Tulskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Vladimirskaya Oblast'


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Ryazanskaya Oblast'


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Smolenskaya Oblast'


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Tambovskaya Oblast'


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Vologodskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Komi,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Kirovskaya Oblast'


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Udmurtia,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Perm Krai,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Sverdlovskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Chelyabinskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Bashkortostan,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Penzenskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Orenburgskaya Oblast',


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Mordovia,


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Moscow;


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

as well as Atyrau oblast of Kazakhstan.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga is connected to:


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

the Baltic Sea — the Volga-Baltic Waterway, Vyshnevolotskaya and Tikhvin systems;


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

by the White Sea — through the Severodvinsk system and the White Sea-Baltic Canal;


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Azov and Black Seas — through the Volga-Don Canal.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Large forests are located in the upper Volga basin, and in the Middle and partially in the Lower Volga region, large areas are occupied by crops of grain and industrial crops.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Melon growing and horticulture are developed.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Volga-Uralsky District has rich oil and gas fields.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Large deposits of potash salts are located near Solikamsk.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the Lower Volga region (Lake Baskunchak, Elton) there is table salt.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Ecology and fisheries


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga is home to about 70 species of fish, of which 40 are commercial (the most important are roach, bream, pike perch, carp, catfish, pike, sturgeon, sterlet).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

During the Russian Empire, there were 4 fishing seasons per year: in spring (from the end of March to May 15-20), pike perch, bream and carp were caught; in summer (from July 15) - sturgeon (beluga, stellate sturgeon, thorn, sterlet); in autumn (from 1 September to November 1) and in winter, through the ice-hole, all species were caught.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The largest catch was in spring, then in autumn, in winter, the least fish were caught.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

During the spawning period, from May 15 to July 15, fishing on the Volga was prohibited.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The sturgeon caught alive was sent along the river to various Volga cities, using special boats with slots for the passage of running water.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

For salting fish, the Sapozhnikov enterprise alone spent 16 thousand tons of salt annually.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In winter, sturgeons up to 4 meters long, containing up to 200 kg of caviar, were sold in their shops.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Already at the end of the 19th century, the number of commercial fish in the Volga decreased significantly.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Some attributed this to excessive fishing, others to water pollution with oil, which heated the steamers [16].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The water of the Volga and most of its major tributaries is currently very heavily polluted [17].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In 2017, the federal program “Preservation and Prevention of Pollution of the Volga River” was adopted [18], according to which it is planned to seriously reduce the discharge of polluted wastewater by 2025, build and modernize 26 hydraulic structures, while up to 50 thousand hectares of agricultural land will be irrigated, and the same area will be allocated for fish spawning [19].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Dredging and clearing of water bodies will also be carried out, and sunken ships will be lifted (more than 3,000 units were recorded in 2018) [20].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Shipping


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga is navigable from Rzhev to the mouth [15].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Inland waterways along the Volga: from the city of Rzhev to the Kolkhoznik pier (589 kilometers), the Kolkhoznik-Bertyul pier (pos. Krasnye Barricades) is 2604 kilometers, as well as a 40-kilometer section in the river delta [21].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

River vessels, which at various times were used for navigation along the Volga, are exhibited at the River Fleet Museum at the Volga State University of Water Transport in Nizhny Novgorod.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Bridges and crossings


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Apart from the short bridges in the upper reaches of the Volga, the first permanent bridge across the river was the Alexandrovsky Railway Bridge near Syzran, commissioned in 1880.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Prior to that, ferry steamers were used to transport cargo and crews, and even earlier, large flat-bottomed boats called imports.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The longest bridge across the Volga to date, which is also the longest in Russia, is the Presidential Bridge in Ulyanovsk (5,825 meters).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Volga or Kama


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The catchment area to the confluence of the rivers is slightly larger than the Volga (if we do not take into account the mountainous relief of the Kama basin, which increases the total surface area relative to the flat surface Volga Basin).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The areas are considered as they developed in natural conditions: 260.9 thousand km² against 251.7 thousand km².


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

However, in this territory, the Volga unites fewer rivers and is inferior to the Kama basin (66.5 thousand rivers against 73.7 thousand).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The flow rate of the Kama River at its confluence with the Volga is 4300 m³/s, and the Volga is 3100 m³/s.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Before the confluence of the Volga and Kama, the length of the Kama is 1882 km [22] (before the construction of dams, the length of the Kama was 2030 km [23]), against 1390 km near the Volga [24].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The spring flood of the Middle Volga accounts for 60-70% of the annual runoff [25], and in the summer-autumn period, a small amount of precipitation leads to the shallowing of the Volga [26].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

On the Kama River, in the summer-autumn period, the drainage decreases slightly (due to glacial nutrition from the mountain rivers of the Urals and the northern tributaries of the Kama basin), so the Kama is full at any time of the year.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The height of the source of the Kama River is 335 meters above sea level, and the height of the source of the Volga is only 228 meters.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The average and absolute heights of the Volga basin are less than the Kama basin, since the Ural Mountains are located in the Kama basin.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The first serious scientific observations of these rivers began in 1875 [27].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Then, as a result of the study of the muddy deposits of these rivers, it was proved that the Kama existed long before the appearance of the Volga.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the first half of the Quaternary period, before the era of maximum glaciation, the Volga did not exist in its modern form.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

There was the Kama, which, united with Vishera, directly flowed into the Caspian Sea.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The flow of the modern upper reaches of the Kama River went to the north, to Vychegda.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Glaciation led to a reorganization of the hydrographic network: the Upper Volga, which used to give water to the Don, began to flow into the Kama River, and almost at right angles (the Kama does not change the direction of its flow, and Volga — turns almost 90 degrees).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Even today, the Lower Volga serves as a natural continuation of the Kama Valley, and not the Volga Valley [28].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

From a scientific point of view, according to most hydrological features, the Kama is the main river, and the Volga is its tributary [29].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

However, taking into account the most important historical factor, namely, the unifying role of the Volga River in the creation of a single Russian state, part of the river from the confluence of the Volga with the Kama to the Caspian Sea is accepted consider it a continuation of the Volga, not the Kama.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In modern times, the Kama River is considered a tributary of the Volga River, or rather, a tributary of the Kuibyshev Reservoir on the Volga River [30].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The point of view about the primacy of the Kama is also supported by the Arab geographical tradition of the Middle Ages, which connected the source of Itil with the Belaya-Kama system (the Arabs believed that the Kama flows into Belaya) [31].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

After the launch of the last cascade of reservoirs, Cheboksarsky, in 1983, the Volga above Volgograd ceased to be actually a river and turned into a cascade of large flowing lakes.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Kama is less regulated by dams, and in many parts of the river the natural channel has been preserved [32].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In popular culture


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga River plays an exceptional and central role in the figurative perception of the Russian people.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

This is the root and core of Russian people, a figurative ideal.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

It is always animated, human qualities are attributed to it, and a Russian person must correspond to the image of this river.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Volga was associated with the life and work of such “folk” cultural representatives as Nikolai Nekrasov, Maxim Gorky, Fedor Chaliapin.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Soviet art made full use of the image of the Volga, created by the art of pre-revolutionary Russia.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The Volga is identified with the Motherland, it is a symbol of freedom, spaciousness, breadth and greatness of the spirit of the Soviet person.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The central role in building this image was played by Grigory Alexandrov's film Volga, Volga and Lyudmila Zykina's song “The Volga River Flows”.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In the city of Rybinsk, there is a monument to the great Russian river and is called the Volga (also “Mother Volga”).


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The sculpture with a height of 17.4 meters is installed at the entrance to the locks from the Rybinsk Reservoir and welcomes ships passing by.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In literature and art, the Volga is quite common, and many works of culture are associated with it:


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In literature


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“The Dowry”, “Kozma Minin”, “The Storm” — plays by A. N. Ostrovsky


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“In the Woods” and “On the Mountains” — A. P. Melnikova


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Egor Bulychev and Others”, “Dostigaev and Others” — plays by A. M. Gorky


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Beyond the Distance”, chapter “Seven Thousand Rivers” — poem by A. T. Tvardovsky


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“On the Volga” is a poem by N. A. Nekrasova


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Volga and Vazuza” is a poem by S. ME.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Marshak


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“The Cliff” is a novel by I. A. Goncharova


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In folklore and songs


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Russian folk tale “Vazuza and Volga”.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

According to folk legends, in the Snake Cave near the Volga, there are mythical creatures — divia people.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“From the Island to the Rod”, “Cliff” — songs about the Volga and Stepan Razin


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Dubinushka” is a song of Volga haulers


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Down the Volga River”, “Between Steep Banks” — Russian folk songs


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Zhiguli” — Russian folk song


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Volga-rechenka is deep /It beats the coast with waves” (russkaya narodnaya)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Volga-rechenka is deep /I come to you longingly” (N. Nolinsky — M. Zubova)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Volga, Volga” is a song from the film of the same name (1938)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Sormovskaya Lyric” — B.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Mokrousov E.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Dolmatovsky (1949)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“The Volga River Flows” is a song performed by L. G. Zykina (1962)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“What a song without an accordion” — O. Anofriev (1972)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“From the Volga to the Yenisei” is a song performed by the band “Lyube”


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Volga River — Nadezhda Kadysheva


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Burlak” — “Aquarium” (“Russian Album” 1992)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In painting


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“View of the county town of Romanov-Borisoglebsk from the southeastern side” — I. M. Belonogov (1838)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“The Cross Procession in Yaroslavl” — A. P. Bogolyubov (1863)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Wading Barge Haulers” — I. E.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Repin (1872)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Grave on the Volga” — A. K. Savrasov (1874)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“On the Volga” — A. E.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Arkhipov (1889)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Yaroslavl. Strelka” — G. P. Sabaneev (1904)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Walking on the Volga” — B.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

M. Kustodiev (1909)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Stepan Razin” — V. AND. Surikov, ca.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“On the Volga” — B.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

M. Kustodiev (1922)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

In movies


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“Volga, Volga” (1938) — musical comedy


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Ekaterina Voronina (1957) is a film directed by Isidor Annensky, based on the novel of the same name by Anatoly Rybakov


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

“A Bridge Is Under Construction” (1965) is a feature film about the construction of a road bridge across the Volga in Saratov


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Cruel Romance (1984) — film based on Ostrovsky's play “The Dowry”, directed by Eldar Ryazanov


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Election Day (2007) is a comedy film directed by O. Fomina


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Volga (2016) — documentary film directed by Andrey Alyoshin


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Volga Day


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The unofficial holiday Volga Day was established in 2008.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

For the first time, it was celebrated in Nizhny Novgorod during the 10th International Scientific and Industrial Forum “Great Rivers — 2008”, and then began to be celebrated in Volgograd, Astrakhan, Yaroslavl, Samara Oblasts and the Republic of Tatarstan.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The date of the holiday is May 20 [33].


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

As part of the Volga Day, environmental events are held to clean the shores, scientific discussions and exhibitions.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

The main goal of the event is to unite efforts to protect the Volga.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

See also


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Volga in heraldry


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Notes


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Literature


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

— SPb.: Samolet, 1862.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

— VIII, 415 p., 10 lithograph.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

, 31 figs.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Vodarsky E.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

A. A guide to the Volga from Rybinsk to Astrakhan.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

— M.: T-vo Skoropech.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

A. A. Levenson, 1908.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

— 147 ps+9 maps.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

(per.)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Rybakov B.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

A. Gerodotova Skifia: Historical and geographical analysis.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

— M.: Nauka.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

— 248 p. — 50,000 copies.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Reizd.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

: M.: Eksmo; Algorithm, 2010.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Novosad E.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

IN. Pollution of the Volga during the formation of the oil industry in Russia.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

(based on the materials of the “Bulletin of the Fish Industry”) //Questions of the History of Natural Science and Technology/Institute of the History of Natural Science and Technology named after V.I.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

S. AND. Vavilov RAS.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

— Moscow: Nauka, 2006 — P. 61 — 72.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

—, read the text:


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

References


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Missing or empty |series= (help)


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Grigory Moskvich.


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

on YouTube


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Tver Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Moscow Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Yaroslavl Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Kostroma Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category: Rivers of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Mari El


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Chuvashia


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Tatarstan


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Ulyanovsk Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Samara Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Saratov Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Volgograd Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Astrakhan Oblast


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Kalmykia


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea


Question: Which cities are washed by the Volga?

Volga

Category:Rivers of Ivanovo Oblast


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Halloween (English: Halloween; USA, 2018) is a horror film directed by David Gordon Green.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The executive producer of the film was the creator of the franchise, John Carpenter.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The film is a direct continuation of the first film of 1978 and ignores the entire further series of sequels, but uses some visual elements from them.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The main role is played by Jamie Lee Curtis, who returned to the role of Laurie Strode after Halloween: Resurrection.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Similarly, the role of Michael Myers in most scenes is again played by Nick Castle, who played him in the 1978 film.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

This is the 11th film in the eponymous film series.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The plot


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The action takes place on Halloween 2018, exactly 40 years after Halloween in 78.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Michael Myers was captured after that night and returned to the Smith's Grove Asylum.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Frank Hawkins, who was present at his arrest, prevented Sam Loomis, a psychiatrist assigned to Michael, from killing the latter — Loomis firmly convinced that Michael was real “evil in human guise.”


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

After Loomis's death, Michael's psychiatrist was appointed Loomis's student, Dr. Ranbir Sartan.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Laurie Strode, Michael's only survivor that night, gave birth to a daughter Karen during this time, but all the years she was haunted by fear that the day would come when Michael would break free to finish what he had begun.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

As a result, it turned into an obsession, which caused Laurie to first divorce her husband, and then was deprived of parental rights to Karen — Karen spent her entire childhood in a constant drill, where her mother taught her handle weapons.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Karen, who became a psychologist, now lives with her husband Ray and daughter Allison, whom she forbids to see her grandmother.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Laurie, on the other hand, settled in a house in the middle of the forest, where she constantly trains in shooting, preparing to meet Michael.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

On October 30, two forensic podcasters, Aaron and Dana, arrive at the hospital to meet Michael Myers and find out what happened that bloody night, because this is the last chance to see Michael - since Michael has not said a word in all these 40 years, on the night of October 31 he is going to be transferred to another hospital, a stricter regime.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Aaron brings with him Michael's mask obtained from the police, which he wore in 1978, hoping that it will make Macle talk.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Although Sartan says that Michael is able to talk, but simply does not want to do it, Michael does not react to the mask in any way.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Then journalists go to Lori, but they do not receive any answer that would satisfy them.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The same evening, Michael is transported to another hospital among the special patients of the hospital.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Laurie, having learned about this, decides to kill Michael, but, watching him from the car with a revolver in his hands, in the end and does not commit the plan.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

She comes to Haddonfield to visit her daughter at the moment when her granddaughter Alison discusses plans for Halloween with her boyfriend Cameron.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Laurie does not hold back tears and begins to apologize to Karen, saying that she was near the hospital and saw Myers.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

That same night, returning from hunting, father and son stumble upon a broken bus from the hospital and a group of people in white hospital pajamas on the road.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The father gets out of the car to find out about the incident, and the son at this moment tries to contact the police, but without knowing the location, takes a gun and gets out of the car to find his father.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

He finds a wounded policeman on the side of the road telling him to leave here.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

But the boy goes on to the bus, where Dr. Sartan, who accompanied the patients, suddenly appears.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In fear, the boy shoots right in the shoulder of the doctor and in panic returns to the car, where Michael is already waiting for him.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

He kills a boy by smashing his head against the door.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

It comes on October 31.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Aaron and Dana stop near the car service and find three people killed by Michael, one of whom he took off his work overalls, and then Michael kills the couple and takes away his mask from their car.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Halloween night arrives, Michael Myers appears in Haddonfield and arranges a bloody massacre.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In total, Michael kills 15 people.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

One of the victims is Dr. Sartan, who managed to shoot down Michael and kill assistant officer Hawkins, who was ready to kill the maniac (Sartan wanted to put Michael back in the hospital), but Then Michael kills Sartan.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Lori persuades her daughter and son-in-law to hide in her house, where there is a secret basement.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

After a while, a police car arrives there.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Ray approaches her, opens the door suspiciously and sees the body of the policeman and the headless head of his partner.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Myers comes up to Ray from behind and kills him.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In a fight with Laurie, he stabs her in the stomach, and she falls from the balcony right to the ground.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Michael goes to a secret entrance that leads to the basement, where Karen and Allison are located.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Michael breaks down the door mechanism.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Karen is waiting for Michael to show up.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

She's holding a gun.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

And when he shows up, she shoots him right in the head.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Lori appears from behind her back and pushes Michael into the basement.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

He falls down the stairs.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Karen and Allison are going up.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

However, Michael gets up and manages to grab Karen's leg.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The struggle begins.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Allison notices a kitchen knife on the floor, and makes several penetrating blows to Myers' hand.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Karen gets out.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Laurie locks Michael with retractable blades, then turns on the gas and throws out the burning sword.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The house is starting to catch fire.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Lori, Karen and Allison are getting out of there alive.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

They are picked up by a passing truck.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Allison still has a knife in his hand stained in Myers' blood.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

At the end of the credits, Michael's breath can be heard, indicating that he survived.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Cast


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Production


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Development


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In 2011, it was announced that a sequel to Halloween II (2009), entitled Halloween 3D, would be released on October 26, 2012.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

However, the project was never created.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The first information about the planned eleventh film appeared in June 2015.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Then it became known that the film will be shot in July, and directed by Marcus Dunstan.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan were also supposed to work on the script.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

However, later the director was changed, and the start date of filming was postponed [1].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In July, it became known that the film will be a direct continuation of the second part of Halloween.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

However, later it was decided that the film would continue the first part, although it would contain references to other parts of the franchise.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Events will unfold in 40 years.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In December 2015, the media reported that Dimension Films lost the rights to the franchise after 20 years of owning them.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Meanwhile, producers began looking for a new buyer [2].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In February 2016, The Wrap news agency announced the possible launch of a television series based on the movie “Halloween”.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

However, Universal Pictures turned out to be the film company.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

On May 26, 2016, it was announced that Blumhouse Productions and Miramax would shoot a new installment in the Halloween series [3].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In December 2016, it was reported that David Gordon Green would be directed and Danny McBride would help him write the script.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In February 2017, Danny McBride said in an interview with Cinema Blend that the film will not be a restart, but will be based on the mythology of the first two parts of the film, released in the 1980s.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The premiere will take place on October 19, 2018, 40 years after the release of the original film [4].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Also in February, fans of the franchise created a petition asking the filmmakers to approve for the role of Dr. Sam Loomis, originally played by Donald Pleasence, Robert Englund, who played the role Freddy Kruger in the entire Nightmare on Elm Street franchise [5].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Later it turned out that Dr. Loomis would not appear in the film.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Filming


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Filming began on January 13, 2018 in Charleston, South Carolina [6].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

On February 16, Jamie Lee Curtis finished her scenes [7].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In April, it was reported that the audience was disappointed with the final of the film at the test screening on April 18 in California [8].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In May, Director Green decided to return to the set for additional filming, which began on June 11 [9].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

music


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In October 2017, the director of the original film, John Carpenter, confirmed that he, as well as Cody Carpenter and Daniel Davis, had signed a contract with the filmmakers to write the soundtrack for the film [10].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

On September 19, 2018, the first track was published online, which is a variation of the musical theme for the 1978 film [11].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Listings


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

All music composed by John Carpenter, Cody Carpenter and Daniel Davis


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Halloween (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) No.TitlElength1.” Intro” 1:142.” Halloween Theme” 3:023.” Laurie's Theme” 0:444.” Prison Montage” 2:465.” Michael Kills” 0:336.” Michael Kills Again” 3:457.” The Shape Returns” 3:328.” The Bogeyman” 1:069.” The Shape Kills” 0:5010.” Laurie Sees the Shape” 1:1311.” Wrought Iron Fence” 0:4712.” The Shape Hunts Allyson” 0:5813.” Allyson Discovered” 1:2614.” Say Something” 3:0215.” Ray's Goodbye” 1:3916.” The Shape Is Monumental” 1:5717.” The Shape and Laurie Fight” 1:5418.” The Grind” 1:5219.” Trap the Shape” 2:1020.” The Shape Burns” 1:3121.” Halloween Triumphant” 7:28 Total length: 43:29


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Criticism


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

The film received positive reviews from film critics.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has 79% positive reviews, based on 323 reviews, with an average rating of 6.8 out of 10 [12].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

On Metacritic it was 67 out of 100, based on 51 reviews [13].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

On the Megacritic website, it scored 6.3 out of 10 according to 30 reviews [14].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Continuation


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In June 2018, McBride confirmed that he and Green had originally planned to make two films one after the other.


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

However, later they decided to see the reaction to the first film first [15].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In turn, the producer of the franchise Malek Akkad said in an interview that the option of creating a TV series about Michael Myers is being considered and being worked out [16].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

In October 2018, Bloody Disgusting, citing its sources, reported that work on the sequel had already begun [17].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

McBride soon confirmed that early production of the sequel had begun [18].


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Notes


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

References


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Category:Halloween franchise


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Category:American thriller films


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Category:Horror movies 2018


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Category:Films directed by John Carpenter


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Category:2018 US films


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Category:Universal Pictures Movies


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Category:Movies in English


Question: When was Halloween released?

Halloween (2018 film)

Category:American horror films


Question: What are abiotic?

Abiotic factors

Abiotic factor (Ancient Greek: α - negation, - life) is a set of direct or indirect effects of the inorganic environment on living organisms; it is divided into physical (climate, orography), chemical (composition of the atmosphere, water, soil).


Question: What are abiotic?

Abiotic factors

The adaptation of plants and animals to heat, cold, atmospheric pressure, underwater depth, winter or summer hibernation of some animals, etc., is associated with abiotic factors.


Question: What are abiotic?

Abiotic factors

See also


Question: What are abiotic?

Abiotic factors

Environmental factors


Question: What are abiotic?

Abiotic factors

Biotic environmental factors


Question: What are abiotic?

Abiotic factors

The emergence of life


Question: What are abiotic?

Abiotic factors

Literature


Question: What are abiotic?

Abiotic factors

Category:Environmental terms


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 — 22 December 1989) was a French and Irish writer, poet, and playwright.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

A representative of modernism in literature.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

One of the founders (along with Eugene Ionesco) of the theater of the absurd.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

He gained worldwide fame as the author of the play “French: En attendant Godot” (French: En attendant Godot), one of the most significant works of world drama of the 20th century.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1969.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

He spent most of his life in Paris, writing in English and French.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Biography


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Early years (1906—1923)


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Barkley Beckett was born on April 13 (Good Friday), 1906 in the small settlement of Foxrok, a suburb of Dublin, Ireland.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

His father, William Frank Beckett (1871—1933), came from a wealthy Protestant family with French roots — his ancestors left France during the counter-reformation, probably after the abolition of Nantes Edict in 1685, which outlawed the Huguenots [1].


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The grandfather of the future writer, also William (“Bill”), founded a fairly large and successful construction business: for example, J. and W. Beckett Builders acted as a contractor for the construction of buildings of the National Libraries, as well as the National Museum of Ireland [2].


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's father continued his family business, professionally engaged in real estate appraisal activities and construction estimates.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Unlike his son, as well as his brothers, Uncles Samuel, Bill Jr. did not have artistic inclinations, but was an excellent athlete, a grasping businessman, a good family man and was distinguished good-natured disposition.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett was very friendly with his father and later suffered his death.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Mother, Maria (May) Beckett, née Rowe. Roe (1871—1950), also came from a Protestant family of Church of Ireland parishioners and belonged to the middle class: her father owned a mill and procured and sold grain.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

At the age of 15, May was orphaned, the family business was upset, and the writer's expectant mother was forced to work as a sister and nurse in a hospital, where she met her future husband [2].


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In 1901, the couple married and celebrated the birth of their first child Frank the following year, and Samuel was born four years later.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

May was distinguished by a strong and powerful character, however, the couple successfully complemented each other, and their marriage can be generally called happy.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The future writer spent his childhood in Foxrock, in a spacious parents' home, which was adjacent to a one-acre plot.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett grew up as a sporty and restless boy, closer to his father than to a pedantic and powerful mother.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett received a strict Protestant education, first studying at home, then, starting at the age of 9, at Earlsforth School in Dublin.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The school was in good standing with wealthy Irish people, many of its teachers were graduates of the prestigious Trinity College.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

At school, Beckett gained fame as an excellent athlete and a capable student.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In 1920, at the age of 14, Beckett became a student at the private Royal Portor School in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

It is noteworthy that another outstanding writer and compatriot of Beckett, Oscar Wilde, previously studied at the same school.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In Portor (the school still exists today), Beckett discovered brilliant abilities in both the humanities and sports disciplines — rugby, cricket, swimming, golf and boxing.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

However, despite his success in studies and sports, as well as authority among peers, Beckett experiences communication problems, grows up a gloomy and introverted young man.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

University and Paris years (1923—1930)


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Finally, in 1923, Beckett entered the famous Trinity College in Dublin, where he intensively studied English and modern European literature, French and Italian.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

At Trinity College, Beckett meets Thomas Rodmouse-Brown, professor of Romance Languages, who instills in the young man an interest in classical and modern European literature and drama (Beckett studies Ronsard, Petrarch, Racine and others intensively), and also encourages him in his first creative endeavors.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In addition, Beckett takes private Italian lessons and greedily studies Machiavelli, Giosue Carducci, D'Annunzio and, of course, Dante's Divine Comedy.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

During his university years, Beckett became a regular visitor to Dublin theaters — Irish drama of that time, through the works of Yates, O'Casey and Singh, is flourishing — cinemas, as well as art galleries.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In addition, Beckett is persistently and enthusiastically engaged in self-education, reads a lot, becomes a regular at the National Gallery of Ireland, imbued with a passion for fine arts and special interest in Old Masters, in particular Dutch painting of the 17th century.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's love for art history and deep knowledge of modern painting will carry through his entire creative biography.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's first truly serious love affair, albeit apparently non-reciprocal, dates back to university years, Etna McCarthy, later bred under the name of Alba in Dreams of Women, beautiful and so-so.”


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

During 1925—1926, Beckett traveled extensively, visiting France and Italy for the first time.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In 1927, Beckett took exams, received a bachelor's degree in linguistics (French and Italian) and, on the recommendation of his teacher, Professor Rodmouse-Brown, was promoted to a teaching position English and French at Campbell College in Belfast.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Pedagogical practice oppresses the future writer: Beckett finds it unbearably boring to explain elementary material, and after working two semesters, thanks to the teacher exchange program, he goes to Paris, to the most prestigious Ecole Normal Super, for the position of an English teacher.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

At the same time, Beckett's two-year romance with his cousin Peggy Sinclair begins.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Upon arrival in Paris, Beckett meets his predecessor in the exchange program with Ecole Super Thomas McGreevy, who is destined to become the writer's closest friend and confidant for the rest of his life.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

McGreevy introduces Beckett into artistic bohemian circles.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In Paris, Beckett meets such celebrities as Eugene Jolas (writer, father of the famous pianist and composer Betsy Jolas), Sylvia Beach (one of the most significant figures in literary Paris between the two world wars), Jack Butler Yates (the largest Irish national artist, the younger brother of the famous poet), among which stands apart the already recognized literary James Joyce genius.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Very little time passes and Beckett becomes a frequent guest in the house of the famous author of Ulysses.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The first literary experiments (1929—1933)


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In 1929, in Paris, Beckett met his future wife Suzanne Dechevaux-Dumesnil (French: Suzanne Dechevaux-Dumesnil) (1900 — 17.06.1989), and also published in one of the magazines created at the instigation of Joyce's first literary experience — a critical essay “Dante... Bruno. Vico.. Joyce” and the first short story “Ascension” (English: Assumption).


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

It is in an essay about Joyce, commenting on the attacks on the later work of the famous compatriot, that Beckett formulates an important idea in the context of the young author's views on the essence of writing: “Here there is form content, content — form. You're complaining this thing isn't written in English. It's not written at all. It should not be read — or, more precisely, it should not be read only. You need to see it and hear it. His writing is not about anything; it is something” [3].


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Around the same time, Beckett became close to James Joyce and became his literary secretary, in particular helping him work on his latest and most unusual and innovative a work that eventually became known as “Finnegan's Wake” (English: Finnegan's Wake).


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Joyce's family is also associated with an ambiguous episode of Beckett's biography, which caused a break, albeit temporary, with a famous compatriot.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Joyce's daughter, mentally unstable Lucia, is overly addicted to her father's young and attractive assistant.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett does not reciprocate Joyce's daughter suffering from schizophrenia, the result is Beckett's break with Joyce and Lucia will soon be placed in a psychiatric hospital, where she will spend the rest of her days.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In the fall of 1930, Beckett returned to Trinity College, where he continued his teaching career as an assistant to Prof. Rodmouse-Brown, teaching French and lecturing on Balzac, Stendhal, Flaubert, Gide, Bergson.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Lecturing and teaching are incredibly burdened by the introverted, almost pathologically shy Beckett - after working one academic year, Beckett, to the sharp displeasure of his mother and the disappointment of his father, leaves Trinity College and returns to Paris.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Around this time, the poem Bludoscope (English: Whorescope) was written, created in the form of a monologue on behalf of one of Beckett's favorite philosophers, René Descartes, the first published a separate book of the writer's work — and a critical essay “Proust” about the work of the French modernist Marcel Proust.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In the first half of 1932, while already living in Paris, Beckett worked on his first major prose, the novel “Dreams of Women, Beautiful and So-so” (English: Dream of Fair to Middling) Women), which started in Dublin a year earlier.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The book, written in a complex “baroque” language that is not characteristic of mature and, especially, late Beckett, demonstrating the sophisticated erudition of the young author, is dedicated to the verbose and confusing a description of the relationship between a young man named Belakva (namesake of one of the characters of Dante Purgatory) with three girls (the prototype of the first of them, Smeraldina-Rima, was cousin Peggy Sinclair, the second, Syra-Cuza, is the mad daughter of Joyce, Lucia, the third, Alba, is the love affair of the writer of university times, Etna McCarthy).


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The novel was quite “raw”, according to Beckett himself, “immature and fake”, although demonstrating the author's extensive encyclopedic erudition in matters of literature, philosophy and theology, the work was expected to be rejected by all publishers, and published, according to the will of the author himself, only posthumously in 1992.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Bad Times, Murphy, Final Emigration to France (1933-40)


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

1933 is a difficult year for a novice and so far unlucky writer.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

First, Peggy Sinclair dies of tuberculosis, and Beckett's father passes away a few weeks later, plunging him into severe depression, interspersed with panic attacks.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The writer once again leaves Ireland and moves to live in London.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In England, Beckett, despite the fact that his father left him a certain amount of maintenance after his death, lives in financially cramped conditions and continues to suffer from depression, self-doubt and self-doubt future.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In the hope of getting rid of serious psychological problems, Beckett resorts to sessions of psychoanalysis, which was rapidly developing at that time, enthusiastically reads the works of Freud, Adler, Rank and Jung.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The course of psychotherapy helps Beckett realize that creativity can be a good medicine for curing neuroses and complexes [4].


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In May 1934, Beckett finally managed to publish his first collection of short stories, united by the common hero Belakva we already know, “Barks More Than Bits” (translated as “More pokes than blows”) (. More Pricks Than Kicks), which, however, also did not have any significant success with either readers or critics.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In 1935, a small publishing house owned by one of the writer's friends published Beckett's poetry collection “Bones of Echo”.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

At the same time, work on the novel “Murphy” began.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Neither the writing career, nor the career of a literary critic and essayist in London is not set.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett is in the process of an anxious and mostly unsuccessful search for herself in her profession and life.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Thus, Beckett writes a letter to C. Eisenstein asking for admission to study at the State Institute of Cinematography (no answer was received), trying to get a teaching position at the University of Cape Town , along the way wrote the poem Cascando, traveled to Nazi Germany from October 1936 to April 1937, paying special attention to the richest art galleries in Hamburg, Berlin, Dresden and Munich .


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In mid-October 1937, the writer finally settled in Paris, which was destined to become his second home until his death.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

After settling in France, Beckett tries to attach Murphy, completed in June 1936, to a publishing house, and after 42 refusals [5], the novel is still published in March 1938.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

This work is the result of Beckett's great and hard work to hone his own literary style and narrative skills.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The work, which began during the writer's stay in London in 1934, is still strongly influenced by Joyce, but Beckett's voice is becoming more and more individual.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

At the center of the story is an unemployed Irishman living in London named Murphy and the story of his escape from the reality of the world around him.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Murphy professes a philosophy of minimal effort, a kind of not doing, which, in turn, determines the eccentric behavior of the hero - Murphy periodically wears belts to a rocking chair, putting themselves into a kind of trance and spending quite a long time in this state.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Feeling a deep mistrust, bordering on disgust, for any kind of physical or social activity, Murphy is extremely impractical and lives on the maintenance of his beloved Celia, who, being a prostitute, tries in vain to encourage Murphy to find a job and start a normal family life.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Balancing on the verge of parody when describing numerous oddities that are not quite normal from the point of view of the average hero, Beckett nevertheless does not aim to ridicule another of the endless series mediocre losers who cover up their laziness and inability to practical life with far-fetched eccentric theories.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett is both mocking and extremely serious about his character, whose ideological search is an attempt to resolve the contradiction between soul and body, the desire for peace and necessity activities, an attempt to find harmony with oneself, hermetically fenced off from the world, form the core of the writer's philosophical quest throughout his life.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Murphy's intellectual escape ends tragically, and the novel itself, written in departure from the usual fiction patterns, full of specific humor, literary and philosophical allusions, despite Joyce's praise, was received by critics very restrained and did not have any commercial success.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett, who is already suffering from depression, is going through another literary failure very hard.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett tries to find consolation in the arrangement of his personal life, converging with Suzanne Deshevo-Dumenil, as it turned out, for the rest of their lives (the couple will officially marry only in 1961).


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

At the same time, Beckett begins to translate Murphy into French and makes his first attempts to write poems in a language that is not his native language.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

World War II, Watt (1940—1945)


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In June 1940, the Third Reich dealt a crushing blow to France, German troops entered Paris.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett, despite being a citizen of neutral Ireland, becomes a member of the Resistance.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Despite the fact that Beckett's participation in “The Resistance” was mainly limited to the performance of translation and courier functions, the danger to which the writer exposed himself was quite real, if not to say lethal.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Later, Beckett, with his usual modesty and self-irony, recalled that his struggle against Nazi Germany was like a Boy Scouts game.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In 1942, the Resistance cell, of which Samuel and Suzanne were a member, was exposed, its members were arrested, and the couple, fleeing the persecution of the Gestapo, was forced to flee to the unoccupied part France, to the small village of Roussillon in the province of Vaucluse in the south of the country.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Here Beckett lies to the bottom, pretending to be a French peasant and handyman, earning a living by day labor in the field, cutting firewood [6].


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

A dark life experience gained during several years spent in the south of France, in an atmosphere of relentless fear for one's own life, abandonment and isolation from the world, engaged in difficult physical labor, formed the basis for Beckett's next prose, the third novel Watt, published only in 1953 and became a turning point in the writer's work.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

If Beckett's previous works still followed in the wake of fundamental literary canons, had, albeit vaguely structured, plot, characters endowed with a realistic biography, then” Watt” innovatively breaks with any such conventions.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

If Murphy can still be classified as a typical “urban madman”, crazy against the background of philosophizing and poverty of an “eternal student” or just a young intellectual who is in conflict with the world, Watt is a creature with a dark past, a poorly understood present and a completely vague future.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The plot of the novel, for all its schematic convention, is very simple: Watt goes to work at Mr. Nott's house, finds himself in the center of completely illogical and absurd events that he unsuccessfully tries to realize.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

All Watt's attempts to think, understand, or simply feel Mr. Knott, in which Watt loses his ability to think rationally and communicate, fail, and Watt, completely disoriented, leaves Mr. Knott's house, and Watt is replaced by another servant, Mick.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

According to a modern Russian researcher of the writer's work, D. IN. Tokarev, the role of the deity in the novel “is played by Mr. Knott, whose nature transcends the concepts inherent in the human mind. The deity is inaccessible to perception, inaccessible to the gaze of an external observer trying to attribute human qualities to him” [7].


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Thus, in Watt, Beckett raises a whole layer of questions of philosophy and theology, laying the foundation for his innovative creative method, which consists in abandoning the previous realistic traditions with its conventions and a set of standard techniques.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

At the end of the war, Beckett, awarded by the French government for his participation in the Resistance, served for some time at the Irish Red Cross Military Hospital in Saint Lo in Normandy, then returns with Suzanne to Paris.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Post-war success, trilogy, theater of the absurd (1946—1969)


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

While living in Paris between 1946 and 1950. Beckett continues to work on prose: short novels, the novels Mercier and Camier, Mollah, Malon Dies and Nameless.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

The last three works that make up the trilogy represent a separate milestone in Beckett's creative biography.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

It took several years to find a publisher for the trilogy.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

With the active participation of Beckett's wife, Suzanne, by the early 1950s, the publisher was found, and advanced critics paid close attention to the little-known author [8].


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

If at the beginning of his career Beckett gravitated towards the detailed and complicated intellectual and philosophical search inherited directly from Joyce, was passionate about language games and construction complicated literary allusions, then when working on Watt and the trilogy, Beckett is guided by a radically different poetics - the characters lose any individual features that characterize them, the realities and signs of the time and place of action become elusive, the action itself is reduced to nothing.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

These texts really revolutionized world literature: for example, Louis Aragon admitted that he did not understand how such prose is even possible [9].


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

However, it became possible, and, paradoxically, in a language that was not the author's native language.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In 1948, Beckett completed work on his most famous world-famous work, the absurdist play Waiting for Godot, which premiered in Paris at the very beginning January 1953 of the year.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Most of the works created by Beckett after the end of World War II were written by the author in French.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Thus, Beckett finally turns to French as the main language of literary creativity, thereby continuing the rare tradition of bilingualism in European literature, becoming on a par with Joseph Conrad, Franz Kafka and Vladimir Nabokov.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett later explained the transition to French by the need to develop a detached method of writing, devoid of a distinctive style.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

By the early 1950s, Beckett was finally successful.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Waiting for Godot is staged in the best theaters in Europe.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

From 1951 to 1953, a prose trilogy was published (the novels “Molloy”, “Malone Dies” and “Nameless”), which made Beckett one of the most famous and influential writers of the 20th century.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

These works, based on innovative approaches to prose tested during the work on Watt and have little to do with familiar literary forms, are written in French and later translated into English by the author himself.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Following the success of Waiting for Godot, Beckett continued to work as a playwright, receiving an order in 1956 to create a radio play from the BBC, called “All That Fall”.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Beckett created plays that laid the foundation for the so-called theater of the absurd — “Endgame” (1957), “Krapp's Last Tape” (1958) and” Happy Days” /"Happy Days” (1961).


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

These works, which almost immediately became international theatrical classics, close in theme to the philosophy of existentialism, touch on the themes of despair and the will to live in the face of an indifferent person and unknowable world.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In 1964, Beckett's only film script was used to shoot a short black and white film “The Film”, dedicated to the problem of the perceived object and the perceiving subject.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett continues to work in the field of drama and, despite the fact that his works are deeply imbued with the themes of aging, loneliness, suffering and death, achieves more than just local success in the environment intellectual bohemia of Paris and London, but is gaining worldwide fame and recognition, the pinnacle of which was the award of the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1969.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

In its decision, the Nobel Committee noted [10]:


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Samuel Beckett was awarded the prize for innovative works in prose and drama, in which the tragedy of modern man becomes his triumph.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett's deep pessimism contains a love for humanity that only increases as he deepens into the abyss of abomination and despair, and when despair seems unlimited, it turns out that compassion has no limits.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Beckett, who did not tolerate the close attention to himself accompanying literary fame, agreed to accept the Award only on condition that it was received by the French publisher and, according to part-time, Beckett's longtime friend, Jerome Lendon, which was done.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

Later creativity and recent years (1970—1989)


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

By the late 1960s and early 1970s, Beckett's work was increasingly drifting towards minimalism and compactness.


Question: What was Samuel Barkley Beckett's mother's name?

Samuel Beckett

A vivid example of this evolution is the play Breath (1969), which lasts only 35 seconds and does not have a single actor.