Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Over the years of its history, the state body has repeatedly changed its name:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Structure


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Ministry was headed by the Minister of Energy and Electrification of the USSR, who was appointed in accordance with the Constitution of the USSR by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and in periods between sessions by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , with subsequent approval for a session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Minister had a number of deputies, and the distribution of duties between them was made by the Minister [3].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The number of deputies reached 12, including the first two [2].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Minister of Energy and Electrification of the USSR bore personal responsibility for the fulfillment of the tasks and duties assigned to the Ministry, established the degree of responsibility of deputy ministers, chiefs of chief officers and heads of other departments of the Ministry for leading certain areas of the Ministry's activities and for the work of enterprises, organizations and institutions of the ministry's system [3] .


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Ministry of Energy Board


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Ministry had a Board consisting of the Chairman (Minister) and his deputies by position, as well as leading employees of the department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Members of the board and deputy ministers were approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR [3].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The board of the Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR consisted of 20 people, including heads of leading associations and organizations of the industry [2].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

At its regular meetings, it considered the main issues of energy development, electrification and other issues of the Ministry's activities, discussed issues of practical guidance enterprises, organizations and institutions, inspections of the execution, selection and use of personnel, drafts of the most important orders and instructions, heard reports of ministers and heads of main departments energy and electrification of the Union republics, reports of the main departments, departments and departments of the Ministry, enterprises, organizations and institutions of the Ministry system [3].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The decisions of the board were implemented, as a rule, by orders of the Minister.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In case of disagreement between the Minister and the Board, the Minister implemented his decision, reporting on the disagreements that had arisen to the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and the members of the board, in turn, reported their opinion to The Council of Ministers of the USSR [3].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Central office


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The central office of the department consisted (as of 1990) of [2]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Scientific and Technical Department of Energy and Electrification.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Production Department of Energy and Electrification.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Technical Department of Construction.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Production Department of Construction.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate for Repair Production and Technical Upgrading of Energy Facilities.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Production and Technical Department of Electric Networks and Rural Electrification.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Fuel and transport department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

State Inspectorate for the Operation of Power Plants and Grids.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate of State Energy Supervision.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Department of Design and Capital Construction.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Department of Development and Organization of the Construction Industry.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Department of Industrial Construction Organization.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Department of Industrial Engineering and Production Mechanization.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Department of Social Programs and Working Conditions.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Finance and Credit Department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Nature Protection Department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Department of Material and Technical Resources.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Power equipment procurement department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Working Supply Department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Human Resources Management Department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Foreign Economic Relations Department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Safety department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Department of Consumer Goods and Public Services.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Special department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Organizational department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Department of Production and Economic Organizations and Services.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Economic department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The structure and size of the central office were approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR [3]


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Below is a list of subordinate (not all) scientific institutions, enterprises and organizations that were part of the Ministry (the names of cities, organizations and factories are indicated at the end of the 1980s).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Departments and Inspections


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Energy Directorate (Soyuzglavenergo).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It existed in the period from 1959 to 1962 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main State Inspectorate for Boiler Supervision.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It existed in the period from 1937 to 1954 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Design Directorate (Glavenergoproekt).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was created in 1951.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Two years later, it was transformed into the Main Directorate for the Design of Power Plants and Plants (Glavelektroproekt), and in 1954 into the Main Directorate for the Design of Power Plants and Power enterprises” (Glavenergoproekt).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was abolished in 1957 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Power plants and power grids


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The department included the main departments for power plants and power grids created in 1939 (except for Glavsevzapenergo, established in 1952).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

By 1957, all of them had been liquidated [11]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate of Power Plants and Electric Grids of the Urals and the East (Glavvostokenergo).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In 1947, the department was transformed into the “Main Directorate of Power Plants and Electric Grids of the East”.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate of Power Plants and Electric Grids of the Center (Glavcentsentroenergo).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It existed during the periods: from 1939 to 1941 and from 1943 to 1957 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate of Power Plants and Electric Grids of the South (Glavyuzhenergo).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate of Power Plants and Electric Grids of the North and West (Glavsevzapenergo).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It existed in the period from 1952 to 1957 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Spare parts, repairs, machine-building plants and peat engineering


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Department of Spare Parts and Repairs (Glavenergozapchast).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It has existed since 1942.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In 1947, it was transformed into the “Main Directorate of Spare Parts, Repairs and Machine-Building Plants”.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was liquidated in 1957 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate of Peat Engineering (“Glavtorfmash”).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It existed in the period from 1946 to 1953 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate for Repair of Power Plant Equipment (Glavenergoremont).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It existed in the period from 1957 to 1959 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Construction of thermal power plants, substations and power grids


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate for the Construction of Thermal Power Plants in the South (Glavyuzhenergostroy).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was created in 1952.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

A year later, the department was transformed into the Main Directorate for the Construction and Installation of Thermal Power Plants of the Center and the South (Glavyuzhenergostroy).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In 1954, the department was renamed the “Main Directorate for the Construction and Installation of Thermal Power Plants of the South and the Center”, and in 1957 it was abolished.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Two years later, in 1959, the management was restored under a new name - “Main Directorate for the Construction and Installation of Thermal Power Plants of the Center and the South” (“Glavcentrenergostroy”).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

From 1962 to 1967 (before liquidation), the department was called the “Main Directorate for the Construction of Thermal Power Plants of the Center and the South” [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate for the Construction and Installation of High-Voltage Power Grids and Substations of the Center and South (Glavcentroelectrosetstroy).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Directorate was established in 1959.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Three years later, it was transformed into the “Main Directorate for the Construction of High-Voltage Power Grids and Substations of the Center and the South”.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was abolished in 1967 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate for the Construction and Installation of High-Voltage Power Grids and Substations of the Urals and Siberia (Glavvostokelektrosetstroy).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was created in 1959.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Three years later, it was transformed into the Main Directorate for the Construction of High-Voltage Power Grids and Substations of the Urals and Siberia.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was abolished in 1967 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Construction industry


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate for Mechanization of Construction (Glavenergostroymekhanizatsiya).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was created in 1960.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was liquidated in 1965 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate of Plants, Production Bases and Enterprises for the Repair of Power Plant Equipment (Glavenergostroyprom).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It was created in 1959.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The following year, the department was transformed into the “Main Directorate of Enterprises for the Production of Building Structures and Materials”.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In 1962, Glavenergostroyprom was transformed into the Main Directorate of Plants and Production Bases of the Construction Industry.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The administration was finally abolished in 1967 [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main Directorate for the Installation of Thermal Power Equipment of Glavteploenergomontazh Power Plants [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Glavenergostroyprom of the All-Union Association Soyuzenergozhilstroy [12].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Educational institutions


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

General Directorate of Educational Institutions (1938—1940) [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

District administrations of energy economy


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Ministry organizations


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Ministry consisted of [3]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Zarubezhenergostroy All-Union Production Association (ZES).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Fire Safety and Paramilitary Security Department.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

All-Union Association Soyuzenergozhilstroy [12].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Design organizations, research institutes and centers


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Power Engineering Institute n.a.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

G. M. Krzhizhanovsky


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Energy Institute (EIN, became known as ENIN on July 5, 1934) was established on October 1, 1930 in Leningrad.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On October 28, 1932, the institute was named after the founder and first director Gleb Krzhizhanovsky, and on July 5, 1934, the institute was transferred to Moscow [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Institute had two branches: Belarusian and Dagestan.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Institute employed:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

academicians of the USSR Academy of Sciences: Alexander Winter, Valery Popkov, M. IN. Kirpichev [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences: Boris Alexandrov, Karl Krug, Alexander Predvoditelev, I. S. Brooke, V. AND. Weitz [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Institute engaged in:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

fundamental and applied research in the field of energy.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

solved problems [13]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

use of different types of fuel.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

creation of superconducting power transmission lines


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

development of renewable (solar and geothermal) energy sources.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

energy combustion of coal and environmental protection, electrophysical studies related to the creation of the Unified Energy System of the USSR and new types of electricity transmission.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Institute was subordinate: from 1930 to 1961 — to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, from 1961 to 1962 — subordinate to the State Scientific and Economic Council of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, then it was transferred to the State Production Committee for Energy and Electrification of the USSR and was subordinate to it from 1963 to 1965 [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In the periods from 1962 to 1963 and from 1965 to 1991, the institute belonged to the structure of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

All-Union Twice Order of the Red Banner of Labor Heat Engineering Research Institute (VTI) named after V.I.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

F. E.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Dzerzhinsky and branches


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Power Engineering


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On July 19, 1944, the Central Research Electrotechnical Laboratory was established in Moscow by Order of the People's Commissariat of Power Plants of the USSR (abbreviated TsNIEL) with the rights of a research institute.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On January 21, 1958, TsNIEL, according to the issued order of the Ministry of Power Plants of the USSR, was reorganized into the All-Union Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry (abbreviated VNIIE) [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Institute was engaged in [13]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

the formation and development of the Unified Energy System of the USSR.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

creation and development of AC power transmission lines of super- and ultra-high voltage, the main electrical equipment of power systems,


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

development of methods for ensuring reliable and economical operation of energy enterprises, methods and means of management in the electric power industry.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Institute was under the jurisdiction of: in the periods from 1944 to 1953 - the People's Commissariat and the Ministry of Power Plants of the USSR, in the period from 1953 to 1954 it was subordinate to the Ministry of Power Plants and Electrical Industry of the USSR, then it was returned to the Ministry of Power Plants of the USSR and was part of it until 1958, then until 1962 - as part of the Ministry of Construction of Power Plants USSR.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Subsequently, from 1963 to 1965, the scientific institute was part of the State Committee for Energy and Electrification of the USSR, and from 1965 it became part of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

All-Union State Design, Survey and Research Institute “Selenergoproekt”


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

By order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR dated April 14, 1951, the Giproselelectro All-Union State Institute for the Design of Electrification of Agriculture was established in Moscow [14].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The main tasks of the scientific institution were [14]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

development of problems of electrification of agricultural production.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

design of agricultural electrification facilities.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Subordination [14]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR/Ministry of Agriculture and Procurement of the USSR (from 1951 to 1953, from 1953 to 1954, from 1957 to 1961/1957).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction of the USSR (from 1954 to 1957).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Soyuzselkhoztekhnika V/O (from 1961 to 1963).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

State Production Committee for Energy and Electrification of the USSR/Ministry of Energy of the USSR (from 1963 to 1965/1963, 1965 — 1991).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Also, by order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR dated April 14, 1951, the Gorky branch of the All-Union Institute was created on the basis of the Gorky Zonal Design and Survey Office Gorkselelektroproekt” Giproselelectro” (there were eight of them in total: Voronezh, Gorkovsky, Georgian, West Siberian, Kazakh, Krasnodar, Central Asian, Ukrainian [14]), which on January 17, 1961 was transformed into Gorky branch of the Republican State Institute for the Design of Agricultural Electrification “Rosgiproselelectro” [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The tasks of the branch included: designing inter-district, district, state and collective farm hydro and thermal power plants, network construction facilities, electrification of state and collective farms, facilities agricultural and water construction [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On April 13, 1963, Giproselelectro was reorganized into the All-Union Research and Design Institute for Electricity Supply of Agricultural Facilities and Other Consumers in Rural Areas” VNIPISELELECTRO” [14] [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On May 9, 1963, by order of the State Committee for Energy, the branch was again transformed into the Gorky branch of the All-Union Research and Design Institute for Power Supply of Facilities agriculture and other consumers in rural areas “VNIPISELElektro” [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

August 25, 1969 — changes its name to the All-Union State Design, Survey and Research Institute Selenergoproekt [14].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Due to the renaming of the All-Union Institute, the branch also changes its name and becomes the Gorky branch of the All-Union State Design, Survey and Research Institute Selenergoproekt [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Research Center for Testing High-Voltage Equipment


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

To solve “scientific problems on the improvement and development of heavy-duty high-voltage AC equipment mass-produced by the country's electrical industry” in Moscow on February 10, 1964 The Research Center for Testing High-Voltage Equipment (NICVVA) is being created [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Specialized Design, Survey and Experimental Design Institute “Gidrospetsproekt”


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On May 5, 1956, on the basis of the departments of the Moscow Project Office “Hydromekhproekt” of the All-Union Trust “Hydromekhanizatsiya”, the Design and Survey Office “Gidrospetsproekt” was organized - subordinate State All-Union Trust “Gidrospetsstroy” [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On May 20, 1967, an order was issued to transform the Design and Survey Office into the Specialized Design, Survey and Experimental Design Institute “Gidrospetsproekt” [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The scientific institution solved the following tasks [15]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

implementation of projects for impervious devices and deep dewatering, monolithing of hydraulic concrete.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

work on chemical consolidation of soils, organization of tunnel, mining and drilling and blasting operations.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Siberian Research Institute of Power Engineering


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Transport and Energy Institute (TEI) as part of the West Siberian branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences was established by the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated October 21, 1943 in Novosibirsk.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

By order of the State Production Committee for Energy and Electrification of the USSR dated September 20, 1963, the institute was renamed the Siberian Research Institute of Energy (SibNIIE ) [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Institute was engaged in research on the stability and mode of joint operation of AC power transmission and intermediate systems, improving and reducing the cost of high-voltage insulation through the use of new materials; study of hydrological and economic conditions for the construction and operation of waterworks and their impact on the development of sectors of the national economy of Siberia [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Institute was under the jurisdiction of: from 1943 to 1957 — the West Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, then — the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1957-1963), then from 1963 to 1965 — the State Production Committee for Energy and Electrification of the USSR, and since 1965 it has been subordinate to the Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR [13].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

All-Union Design, Survey and Research Institute “Hydroproject” named after S. ME.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Beetle and branches


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Kazakh Research Institute of Power Engineering named after Sh.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

H. Chokin


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

“Dalnyaya Svyaz” enterprise


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Design Bureaus


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

VTI Special Design Bureau


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Central Design Bureau for Power Equipment Modernization


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The Central Design Bureau was established on June 7, 1956 on the basis of the Design and Installation Bureau of the Department of Paramilitary Security of Enterprises of the Ministry of Construction of Power Plants of the USSR [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The tasks of the created Central Design Bureau include: the development of projects for the modernization and reconstruction of the main equipment of power plants, equipment for automating technological processes at power plants [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The central office was located in St. Moscow.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It had two branches: Lviv and Kharkiv [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Mosgidrostal Moscow Design Bureau of Hydraulic Steel Structures and Mechanisms


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It appeared as the Design Bureau of the All-Union Trust “Gidromontazh” in Moscow in 1941.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In the first years of the war (from 1941 to 1943), the bureau was evacuated to the city of Chirchik (Tashkent region, Uzbekistan) [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The tasks of the organization included [15]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

design of mechanical equipment and metal structures of hydraulic structures, lifting and transport, lifting machines and cranes used in operation and construction hydraulic and industrial structures.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

conducting research and experimental work on the hydraulics of mechanical equipment of hydraulic structures, the strength and durability of its components and parts, equipment protection and structures against corrosion and erosion.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On June 10, 1942, the bureau became the United Design Bureau (OKB Gidromontazh), which later changed its name more than once and was reorganized into: Central Design Office of the All-Union Trust Gidromontazh (reorganization order dated May 13, 1949), the Moscow Design Office (October 1950), the Moscow Design Office Gidrostalproekt (April 1952), the Moscow Design and Design Office Gidrostalproekt Design Office (July 31, 1963), Mosgidrostal Moscow Special Design Bureau of Hydraulic Steel Structures and Mechanisms (March 1968), Moskovskoye special design and design and technological bureau of hydraulic steel structures and mechanisms Mosgidrostal (April 1987) [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Over time, a branch was opened in Zaporizhzhia [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Over the years of its existence, the Moscow Design Bureau has carried out projects of mechanical equipment (gates, pipelines, gantry cranes, gripping beams for hydroelectric power plants) at hydraulic structures [15]: Volgo - Don Shipping Canal, Alapaevskaya, Atarbekyan (Hrazdan, Armenia), Votkinsk, Kama, Uch-Kurgan (Uzbekistan), Khrami HPPs (Georgia).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Factories


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Togliatti Electrotechnical Plant — g. Togliatti, Kuibyshev Oblast


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Beloozersky Energy Mechanical Plant — [16], St. Beloozyorsk, Brest Oblast, Byelorussian SSR.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Dnipro Mechanical Plant — g. Zaporizhzhia, Zaporizhia region, Ukrainian SSR.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Zuevsky Energy Mechanical Plant — St. Zugres, Donetsk region, Ukrainian SSR.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Ivanovo Mechanical Plant — g. Ivanovo, Ivanovo Oblast.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Chelyabinsk Mechanical Plant — g. Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Biysk boiler plant — g. Biysk, Altai Krai


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Kusa Foundry and Machine-Building Plant — St. Bites, Chelyabinsk Oblast


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Trusts and production associations


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

State Union Energy Repair Trust.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

He was subordinate to the Main Directorate for the Production of Spare Parts and Repair of Equipment of Glavenergoremont Power Plants [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

State All-Union Trust for Strengthening Foundations and Structures “Gidrospetsstroy” [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

All-Union State Trust for the Organization and Rationalization of District Power Plants and Networks “ORGRES” and the Department


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On April 21, 1933, by the decree of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the USSR, the All-Union Office for the Organization and Rationalization of District Power Plants and Networks (ORGRES) was created in Moscow .


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Six years later, the office is transformed into a trust of the same name.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In the first years of the Great Patriotic War (from 1941 to 1943), the trust was evacuated to Sverdlovsk [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The main tasks of the organization were: comprehensive start-up, adjustment and development of thermal, hydraulic and nuclear power plants, electrical and heating networks [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Laureates of the USSR State Prize worked in the trust: N. S. Vetkin V. AND. Ivankin V. E.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Kazansky, A. M. Komarov, and S. D. Kuchkin A. P. Lapshov P. N. Manuilov G. P. Minin M. AND. Nevelson F. M. Sergeev, B.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

M. Sokolov [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On November 3, 1955, the Siberian branch of ORGRES was created in Novosibirsk [11] (in addition, there were: Far Eastern, Donetsk, Central Asian, Ural and Southern branches [15]).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The following tasks were set for the department [11]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Carrying out commissioning works.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Testing and development of power equipment of power plants, power grids and power systems.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

By order of the Ministry of Energy dated June 3, 1977, the All-Union Trust ORGRES was reorganized into the Production Association for Adjustment, Improvement of Technology and Operation of Soyuztekhenergo Power Plants and Grids [15].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In November 1978, the Siberian Branch was reorganized into Sibtekhenergo.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Until 1990, the company is subordinate to Soyuztekhenergo Production Association.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In the period from 1990 to August 1991, the enterprise was reorganized into a company for adjustment, improvement of technology and operation of power plants and networks “ORGRES”.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

After August 1991, Sibtekhenergo became part of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Sibenergomontazh State Union Siberian Trust for Installation of Heat and Power Equipment


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In 1927, the North Caucasus branch of the State Trust “Heat and Strength” was formed in Rostov-on-Don.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The created department belonged to the structure of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the USSR.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In September 1933, the department was reorganized into the South-Eastern Design and Installation Enterprise of the State All-Union Installation and Technical Trust of Thermal Power Equipment, and with the advent of the People's Commissariat power plants (in 1939) - renamed the Kavkazenergomontazh design and installation department of the Kavkazenergostroy trust, which belonged to the Glavenergostroy trust of the People's Commissariat of Power Plants of the USSR [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

With the onset of the war, in July 1941, Kavkazenergomontazh was evacuated to the city of Novosibirsk, where the design and installation department was transformed into the Siberian Heat Installation Office Sibenergomontazh with subordination to the Uralenergostroy Construction and Installation Trust, located in Sverdlovsk.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In November 1941, the heat installation office was reorganized into the Sibenergomontazh installation and design enterprise Glavvostokenergostroy, and since July 1946, the enterprise has been part of the construction and installation Sibenergostroy Trust of Glavvostokenergostroy.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Two years later, in August 1948, Sibenergomontazh was transformed into an installation department, and in May 1961 into the State Union Siberian Trust for the Installation of Heat and Power Equipment” Sibenergomontazh”, which belonged to the Main Directorate for the Installation of Thermal Power Equipment of Glavteploenergomontazh Power Plants [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The main tasks assigned to the trust [11] are:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

carrying out work on the installation of equipment at power plants.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

commissioning and start-up of equipment at power plants.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

design and commissioning of boiler-auxiliary equipment.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

development of new methods for installing electrical equipment.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The trust includes (on an independent balance sheet) [11]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Kaltan Boiler Auxiliary Equipment and Pipelines Plant (KVOIT), St. Kaltan, Kemerovo Oblast.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Installation controls.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In July 1982, the trust was transferred to the All-Union Association for the Installation of Power Equipment for Nuclear and Thermal Power Plants Soyuzenergomontazh, and since July 1988 — as part of a specialized Energomontazh Construction Association of the USSR Ministry of Energy.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In 1991, the organization was transferred to the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Siberian Trust for the Construction of High-Voltage Power Lines and Substations


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On June 23, 1948, on the basis of the Kuzbassetstroy construction and installation office, the Kuzbassetstroy Union Installation Trust of Glavelektrosetstroy was created, renamed in March 1958 into the Siberian Trust for construction of Sibelektrosetstroy high-voltage power lines and substations.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The trust included [11]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Novosibirsk Plant of Reinforced Concrete Supports and Piles.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

mechanized columns of Altai, Kuzbass and Novosibirsk.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

SMU.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The trust was subordinate to the Main Directorate for the Construction of High-Voltage Lines of Power Grids and Substations of the Urals and Siberia “Glavvostokelektrosetstroy”.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In 1991, it was transferred to the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Siberian Trust for the Repair of Power Equipment of Power Plants


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In March 1969, the Siberian Trust for the Repair of Power Equipment of Power Plants was established on the basis of the Sibenergoremont Production Enterprise for the Overhaul of Equipment of Power Plants Sibenergoremtrest”.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The trust was subordinate to the Main Directorate for the Production of Spare Parts and Repair of Power Equipment [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The established trust includes a number of enterprises [11]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Sibenergoremont PA, St. Novosibirsk, Novosibirskaya oblast.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The parent company of the trust, established in 1958.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The main tasks of the production enterprise were the organization and control over the operation, maintenance and repair of technical and power equipment at the subordinate West Siberian economic council of industrial enterprises.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The company was subordinate to: the State Union Energy Repair Trust (since 1958); the Siberian Trust Sibenergoremtrest (since 1969); since 1976 — the Siberian Production the association for the repair of equipment of Sibremenergo power plants.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Uralenergoremont, St. Sverdlovsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Dalenergoremont, p. Artemovsky, Primorsky Krai.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Vostokenergoremont, St. Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Severoenergoremont, St. Magadan, Magadan Oblast.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Sibspetsenergoremont, St. Barnaul, Altai Krai.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In December 1976, the trust was liquidated and the Siberian software for the repair of equipment of Sibremenergo power plants was created on the basis of the parent enterprise Sibenergo [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The main tasks of the new production association were [11]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

organization of work at the enterprises of the association to perform specialized repairs of the main and auxiliary equipment of power plants, modernization and reconstruction of power equipment.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

overhaul of nuclear power plant equipment.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

assistance in repairing equipment at foreign power plants built with the help of the Soviet Union.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The formed Sibremenergo Production Association includes:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Sibenergoremont.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The parent enterprise of the production association.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Uralenergoremont (withdrew from the PO in 1988).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Dalenergoremont.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Vostokenergoremont,


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Severoenergoremont,


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Sibspetsenergoremont (withdrew from the PO at the end of 1978).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Altaienergoremont (part of the PO since 1977).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Sibstroyenergoremont (as part of the PO from 1977 to 1978).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Amurenergoremont (part of the software since 1983).


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Since its inception (in 1976), Sibremenergo has become subordinate to the Main Directorate for the Production of Spare Parts and Repair of Power Equipment Glavenergoremont.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Seven years later, in 1983, the association was reassigned to the All-Union Industrial Association for the Repair of Power Equipment, Production and Distribution of Spare Parts Soyuzenergoremont, and with 1988 — NPO for the development and implementation of advanced design solutions and technological processes, repair, modernization and technical re-equipment of Energoremont power plant equipment ”.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In September 1991, the association became part of the structure of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation [11].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Svirstroy Trust


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The first project of the hydroelectric station appeared in 1916.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The author of the project is engineer V. D. Nikolsky.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Active construction of stations on the Svir River began with a resolution of the Supreme Maritime Collegium, issued on March 5, 1918.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Since January 1920, Svirstroy has been combined with the construction of the Volkhov hydroelectric power plant, and in January of the following year it was divided.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Sevzapelektrosetstroy Trust


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On June 2, 1944, the USSR GKO issued a resolution on the creation of the SMU Lenelektrosetstroy.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

With the formation of the People's Commissariat (since 1946 — the Ministry) of power plants of the USSR, the trust is part of its structure.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On July 13, 1948, an order was issued by the Ministry of Power Plants to transform it into a trust for the installation of power plants, the construction and installation of power lines and substations Lenelektrosetstroy, which was renamed Sevzapelektrosetstroy (order of the Ministry dated February 3, 1957) [12].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The main tasks of the organization are “construction and installation works (CMP) for the construction of power transmission lines and substations” [12].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Zapselelektrosetstroy Western Trust for the Construction of Power Lines


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The trust was established in accordance with the order of the State Production Committee for Energy and Electrification of the USSR, issued on June 6, 1964.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The trust appeared on the basis of the North-Western Construction and Installation Trust, which, in turn, was part of the Main Directorate for the Construction of Rural Power Grids in the RSFSR [12].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Main tasks: management of construction and installation organizations for the electrification of agriculture of the RSFSR [12].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

It consisted of 9 mechanized columns: Arkhangelsk, Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Smolenskaya, Safonovskaya, Ukhtinskaya, Luzhskaya and Larkhovskaya [12].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Sevenergostroy State Union Construction and Installation Trust


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

On March 9, 1939, the People's Commissariat of Power Plants and the Electrical Industry issued an order on the formation of the Sevenergostroy trust - subordinate to the Main Directorate for the Construction of Thermal Stations and Networks.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

From 1957 to 1963, the construction organization was called Trust No. 35 Sevenergostroy [12].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Over the years of its existence, the trust has performed work at the following stations: Dubrovskaya GRES, Kalininskaya CHPP, Smolevichskaya GRES (St. Smolevichi, Minsk region), Kirovskaya TPP (St. Leningrad), Kirovskaya GRES (St. Apatity, Murmansk Oblast), Akhtmeskaya TPP (St. Akhtme, Estonia), Lithuanian, Pribaltiyskaya and Novgorod GRES, as well as at other energy facilities [12].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Education


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Leningrad Power Engineering College


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The history of the energy technical school dates back to private electrical courses, on the basis of which Matveev's private electrical courses later appeared.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In 1919, the Matveev courses were reorganized into the “second Soviet electrical engineering courses”, and in the next - into an electrical school.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In 1921, the first electrical technical school was created on the basis of the school, renamed the first energy technical school in 1931.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

In the period from 1934 to 1936, the technical school was a supporting and indicative one.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Since 1940, the technical school became known as the Leningrad Energy Technical School, and since 1964 - the Leningrad Energy Electropolytechnic School.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Since 1965, the technical school has been returned to the name of the Leningrad Energy Technical School [17].


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The educational institution was subordinate to [17]:


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

until 1930 — subdepartment of vocational education of the provincial (regional) department of public education;


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

from 1930 to 1932 — the Energy Center of the Supreme Council of the USSR;


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

from 1932 to 1939 — People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the USSR;


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

in the periods from 1939 to 1940 and from 1953 to 1954 — to the People's Commissariat of Power Plants and Electrical Industry of the USSR;


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

from 1940 to 1953 and from 1954 to 1957 — to the People's Commissariat of Power Plants of the USSR (since 1946 to the Ministry of the same name);


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

in the period from 1957 to 1966 — the Department of Personnel and Educational Institutions of Lensovnarkhoz;


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

since 1966 — the Personnel and Educational Institutions Department of the Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

See also


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Economy of the USSR


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Notes


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Literature


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

The state power of the USSR.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Supreme authorities and administrations and their leaders.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

1923—1991 Historical and biographical reference book.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Comp.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

IN. AND. Ivkin.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

— MOSCOW, 1999.


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

— ISBN 5-8243-0014-3


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

References


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Category:Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Category:State Committees of the USSR


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Category:Energy of the USSR


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Category:Organizations established in 1939


Question: When was the USSR Ministry of Energy and Electrification founded?

Category:Organizations disestablished in 1991


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

According to various sources, the history of the go game dates back from two and a half to four thousand years.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Legends reflected in ancient Chinese chronicles date the appearance of Go to the third or beginning of the second millennium BC.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

The game definitely existed and was quite common 2,500 years ago.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

In the 7th century, it came to Japan, where, since the 15th century, it experienced a strong rise.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

In the 20th century, which was previously cultivated only in Asia, became known and gradually spread to Europe and America [1].


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

To date, most European countries, including Russia, have their own Go federations, although the number of players and the level of play in the West have not yet reached the levels of Korea, Japan and China .


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Legendary period


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

It is not known exactly where the Go game originated and what it originally looked like.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Chinese legends attribute it to the age of more than four thousand years.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

According to these legends, the Go game, called Weiqi (Weiqi) in China, was invented at the dawn of Chinese history.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

The author of the invention is the legendary Emperor Yao (about 2100 BC), or his first minister Chung, or Emperor Gao (about 1750 BC) of the semi-mythical Xia dynasty.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

All versions of the legend say that the game was invented for the irresponsible son of the emperor (in Yao's case it is called Danzhu) in order to develop his intelligence and ability to concentrate.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

These legends are mentioned in the annals of the Han Dynasty (206 BC — 220).


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

However, many researchers are inclined to believe that historians of the Han period deliberately included information about Weiqi antiquity in the annals to give the game more weight, because, according to Chinese tradition, everything related to the oldest dynasties is more valuable and perfect.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

There are various assumptions about the original form of the game and its purpose.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

There is a version that at first go was a game of chance in which dice was used (see en:Liubo).


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

According to other assumptions, the go board was a model of the sky.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Many researchers associate Go with the divination practices of the ancient Chinese, finding symbols in it that connect go with astrology and predictions.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

There are versions that the Go board was once used as a calendar.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Most of them come from one source, Tran Nui's book Classic Go, published between 1049 and 1054 AD.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

, in which the author likens parts of the go board to different parts of the calendar: items to days, angles to seasons, extreme points to weeks (five-day).


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

The exact place of origin of go is also unknown.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

There is a theory that Go's homeland is not China, but India, from where the game came to China and Korea; however, it does not have reliable documentary evidence.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

First reliable information


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

The first plausible references to Go in written sources date back to 91 BC.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

and 434 BC


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

, these documents describe the events of 681 BC, respectively.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

and 547 BC


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

The first Go boards and stones found at burial sites date back to the Han era.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

The oldest board known to archaeologists used for the game dates back to the 3rd century.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

The first record of the party that is considered fully reliable dates back to 196, a party between Prince Sun Tse and his General Lu Fang.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Judging by the record, the game was played according to the same rules that are currently used (with the exception of the Komi), tactically the game did not differ from those currently played.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

The twelfth century Go manual contains many diagrams of real-life parts played during the Tang Dynasty (618—907).


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

In the same work, tasks are presented that are no fundamentally different from those that can be found now in go textbooks for amateurs.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Based on documents and archaeological data, most researchers believe that the game appeared in the Zhou era, that is, between the 11th and 5th centuries BC.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

In the Han era, it was already quite common, and at the beginning of the first millennium AD, go rules were established and almost exactly corresponded to modern ones.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Weiqi in China


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Since its inception in China, Go has been one of the “four virtues” — skills necessary for any worthy person — along with lute playing, calligraphy, and painting.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Go was played by noble people, military leaders, sages, but the game also lived among the common people.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

They played Go and at court, the strongest players were known personally to the emperor.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

For nobles, craftsmen made very expensive, unique inventory — stones from precious stones, bowls made of expensive wood species.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

The game developed quite actively until about the XVIII century: theory was developed, books were published.


Question: When did Go appear?

Go history

Some ancient editions, such as Guanzi Pu, compiled by master Guo Bailin (c. 1586—1662) and containing more than 1400 tasks, have retained their relevance to this day.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

However, unlike Japan, where go as a sport was a particularly revered activity and enjoyed state support, in China it remained, in fact, a salon pastime and lot individual intellectuals.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Although the oldest task books and go textbooks in use so far are of Chinese origin, overall Chinese Go has lagged far behind Japanese in the past two centuries.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Political events also played a role, primarily the Opium Wars, which led to the subordination of China to Western countries, the decline of national culture and large-scale depopulation.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

By the beginning of the 20th century, the strongest Chinese players played handicap with Japanese masters and went to study in Japan.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Those who wanted to raise their level to a really masterful level or showed special abilities for go, as a rule, simply went to live in Japan.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Thus, one of the most famous Japanese masters of the 20th century, Guo Seigen (the original version of the name is Wu Qingyuan), is a Chinese who showed talent in Go since childhood and moved to Japan.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

There are other examples as well.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Some revival in the development of Chinese Go came after the Communists came to power in 1949.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The top leaders of communist China saw the development of Go as one of the ways to increase the prestige of the country, some senior Chinese officials themselves were lovers of Go, unlike gambling, it began to enjoy state support.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The national team of China appeared, competitions began to be held regularly, and a number of fairly strong masters stood out.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

However, it has not been possible to bridge the skill gap between China and Japan.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The difference between the strongest players in China and the Japanese masters of the 9th dan was about two handicap stones.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The ambitious goal set for young players in the early 1960s — to defeat the best Japanese masters in 10 years — has not been met.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Chinese Go fell into final decline during the Cultural Revolution.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The game was considered one of the remnants of the past, the competition ceased to be held at all, and the players had to look for another activity.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The best craftsmen of the Beijing team were sent by workers to the factory.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Only in the 1970s, with the change in policy, did the situation begin to change.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

State support for the game reappeared, the Go team was recreated, and domestic and international competitions resumed.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

By this time, a new generation of Chinese players had grown up, which was able to compete with the Japanese.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The first of them was Ne Weiping, who in 1976 managed to defeat four Japanese 9th Dan masters on an equal footing in a row.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Over the past two decades, China has made the strongest leap in the level of play.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Whereas in the 1970s, only a few of the strongest Chinese players stood out in the international arena, now in China, state support and a huge public base of go make it possible to select and train the strongest professionals.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Since the 1980s, Chinese players have regularly won international competitions.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

By 1996, Japan had canceled some international competitions, in which the Chinese began to consistently win.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

There are currently more than 300 professional players in China.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The highest achievement of the Chinese players was winning the Inga Cup, which was won in 2004 by Chinese professional Chan Hao.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go in Japan


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Emergence


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The date of appearance of Go in Japan is not documented.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Chinese chronicles suggest that the game has been popular with the Japanese nobility since the beginning of the 7th century.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

It is most likely that the game was brought to Japan from Korea by scientists, officials, and artists who emigrated from political chaos.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The Japanese gave the game a new name “i-go”, but did not make any changes to the mechanism of the game and the rules.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Moreover, in Japan, some elements of Chinese rules, which the Chinese themselves later abandoned, have been “mothballed” and have survived to this day.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

For example, the method of calculating the result of a batch by territory and captured stones, borrowed by Japan, was later replaced in China by counting by territory and its stones put on the board.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In Japan itself, there is a legend according to which Go brought Kibi no Makibi from China, who went down in history as “Great Minister Kibi”.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

On the instructions of Emperor Shomu's daughter, who later became Empress Koken, he lived in China for 18 years.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Upon his return, Kibi allegedly brought with him the most impressive creations of Chinese culture, including Go.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

According to modern researchers, Go was known in Japan before Kibi, and his merit is that he raised the status of this game by presenting it as an occupation worthy of the emperor and his close associates.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

However, for a long time go in Japan, as well as in China, was nothing more than an easy entertainment, along with other courtiers fun, such as playing music.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

For about a century, Go was officially banned for everyone except the highest aristocracy, as it was considered a harmful, mind-corrupting activity, like drinking wine or playing dice.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Buddhist monks, despite the ban, played go, using the game as a spiritual practice.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Only in 701, by an official imperial decree, the game of go was recognized as non-gambling.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go won the sympathy of all classes, up to the peasants.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

There were class restrictions on inventory: if aristocrats were allowed to play on boards made of precious wood, stones carved from precious stones, then commoners had to be limited to cheap rough boards and ordinary pebbles.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

For a long time, it remained at first forbidden, and later disapproved by samurai.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Even at the beginning of the 16th century, Hojo Nagauji (Son) wrote in Twenty-One Rules, which defines the basic principles of warrior life: “Look for bad friends who should be avoided among those who play go, chess and shakuhachi. You won't lose anything if you don't know about these activities. Doing them means wasting your time without benefit.”


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

[2] Despite these recommendations, samurai willingly spent time for go and shogi.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In the 14th century, Shiba Yoshimasa, in his teaching for samurai Chikubasho, wrote that a samurai must, in addition to martial art, have skills that are considered decent in his circle: calligraphy, be able to play musical instruments, be knowledgeable in poetry.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

All this is necessary in order to join the collective pastime and not be worse than others.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Shiba goes on to write, “It's shameful not to know how to play fun games like go, shogi, or sugoroku.”


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

[3] This shows that these games were extremely common and a samurai who did not own them was perceived by society as somewhat inferior.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

It was the passion of Go among Japanese commanders that caused the subsequent heyday of Japanese Go.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

16th — early 19th century


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go flourished in Japan in the 17th and 19th centuries, largely due to the fact that the most famous military leaders and rulers of the 16th century, Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, were seriously interested in Go, considering the game not only a pastime, but also an excellent training that helps to properly manage troops.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

They kept Go teachers both for themselves and for their warriors.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

When Hideyoshi became regent of Japan in 1584, his passion gave impetus to the development of Go in the country.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In 1588, a major tournament was held, the winner of which, Nikkai (coach of Oda Nobunaga), was declared the strongest player in Japan.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

At the beginning of the 17th century, when Tokugawa Ieyasu came to power, four houses, or Go families, were founded — Honimbo, Inoue, Yasui, and Hayashi.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In fact, these were go schools that were actively engaged in the development of game theory, as well as identifying and training capable players.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The houses enjoyed the patronage and financial support of the shogun.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Suffice it to note that Nikkai, the founder of the Honimbo School (he became Honimbo I Sansa), was allocated 13 hectares of land for the school — a huge area for low-land Japan, and a salary of 200 koku (30 tons) rice every year.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In 1603, the court post of Godokoro appeared, the highest official in Japanese Go, and at the same time a teacher of the shogun.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Only the best player could be it.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The Meijin title that appeared at that time was the official title of Godokoro.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

He was responsible for all official ceremonies related to go, awarded titles, distributed state scholarships to state families, and was in charge of all the organizational aspects of the Go Game at yard.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In the entire period from the 17th to the first half of the 20th century, only ten players were awarded the Meijin title.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Government support led to a strong increase in Japanese Go over the next 250 years.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The level of Japanese players was much higher than those of China and Korea, where Go continued to play, but the game did not enjoy such strong support.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

A qualified player had an income that allowed him to play quietly, raise students without worrying about his livelihood.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The Japanese have also contributed to the development of go inventory.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

While the art of Chinese masters was mainly manifested in the manufacture of stones and bowls, the Japanese learned to make magnificent gobans from expensive kaya wood (kaya, Latin torrea nucifera, torrea nut-bearing).


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Kaya gobans have a yellow-gold color that is in harmony with black and white stones.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The sound of setting a stone on such a goban turns out to be very characteristic, clear, clean, “musical”, and is an important part of the aesthetics of playing go.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The lines on the gobans were drawn with katana before painting.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

By taking a certain part of the tree trunk and making a cut in a certain way, the craftsmen achieved an aesthetic, but not conspicuous, pattern of wood fibers on the surface of the goban.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Kaya is perfectly polished and has good resistance, its products are very durable.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Japan, poorer than China in natural materials, also gave rise to its standard for stones — black stones were carved from basalt, white stones were carved from the shells of the hamaguri mollusk.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The bowls were made of wood or basalt.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The stones themselves have also changed — while in China they were conical, in Japan they took on a modern lenticular shape (however, in China, stones with one side convex and the other is flat).


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The Meiji Restoration: Our Time


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

After 1868, it was a bad time for Go in Japan.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The Meiji restoration was accompanied by a massive, not always critical borrowing of scientific, technical, military and cultural achievements of Western countries.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Guo was, along with many other Japanese traditions, declared a “relic of a bygone feudal era.”


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Public funding for go-houses stopped, organizations fell apart, players fell into poverty.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

But the popularity of go among the people did not fall, among the players there were those who did not accept the decline and began to gather like-minded people around them.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In 1879, the 18th Honyimbo Murase Shuho created the Hoenxia Club, apparently the first professional go-organization of this era.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Since the 1880s, leading newspapers in Tokyo began sponsoring tournaments.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

One of the first to do this was the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper, which to this day remains one of the largest sponsors of go in Japan.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Tournaments became a source of income for professionals and allowed them to maintain the level of play


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go columns appeared in newspapers (by 1910 they were already in more than a dozen newspapers), and players' fees gradually increased.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In 1924, the Japanese Go Federation, Nihon Kiin, was founded on the basis of several organizations of go professionals.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Its appearance can be considered the moment of the beginning of radical transformations in Japanese Go.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

General rules for holding tournaments were adopted, Komi were introduced into practice, and rules for assigning dans were established.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Time control has been added when playing.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The same time was marked by the emergence of a new generation of young, talented players, who are usually Guo Seigen and Kitani Minoru among the first.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

They introduced “new fuseki”, the beginning of a game in which the first moves are made not in komoku, as has been customary in Japanese go for several centuries, but to other corner points: hoshi, san san, mokuhazushi.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The new fuseki significantly enriched the game.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

During World War II, Go experienced a decline in Japan — many players were drafted into the army, many died, and newspapers stopped printing Go columns, saving paper.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

However, the most important tournaments and title matches were held, often in conditions that can be called combat without exaggeration.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

For example, during the second game of the Honimbo title match between Iwamoto Kaoru and Hashimoto Utaro, which took place in the suburbs of Hiroshima, a nuclear bomb was dropped on the city.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

This party went down in Go history as the Atomic Bomb Party.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

At the end of the war, Nihon Kiin resumed its activities, and the development of Go continued.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

A certain discord in Japan's state movement of the 1950s caused a split in the Go Federation — in 1950, the Nihon Kiin branch in Osaka became an independent Go Federation — Kansai Kiin.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

However, after some period of confrontation, the activities of the two federations were actually divided according to geography — Kansai Kiin works mainly in the western part of the country, Nihon Kiin in east.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Gradually, the highest titles of the players were revived, and new titles that did not previously exist appeared.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The title draw was sponsored by various periodicals.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The rules for assigning titles have become significantly more stringent.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Previously, the holder of a high title could stay with him for a long time, avoiding meetings with strong opponents and taking advantage of his privileged position, but now he was obliged to defend the title periodically, in accordance with the established drawing procedure.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

For a certain period of time (it can be up to two years), a qualifying tournament is held that determines one or two applicants.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

If there is only one challenger, he plays a multi-game match with the title holder, the winner of which wins the title.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

If there are two contenders, the title match is played between them (for such titles, the holder, if he wants to continue holding the title, must participate in the Candidates Tournament and, on a general basis, again conquer it).


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

For some titles, there are so-called leagues — a small number of players, within a dozen, fighting among themselves for the right to match for the title.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

League entry tournaments and league tournaments are held annually.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The winners of the first enter the league, replacing those players who performed the lowest in the league tournament.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The league tournament also determines the contender for the title.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Thus, in order to face the title holder, a player must first win one of the qualifying tournaments and enter the league, and then win the league tournament.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go's Penetration West


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Japan's active contacts with Western countries in the second half of the 19th century led not only to the decline of Go in Japan, but also to the expansion of this game beyond its traditional geographical boundaries.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go came to Western Europe and America, and began to develop there.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In 1908, the first Go textbook was published in Europe.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Its author was a German engineer Korschelt, who studied Go in Japan, where he lived for many years.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

One of the famous European fans of the early 20th century was Emanuel Lasker, the world chess champion.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Together with his namesake, Edward Lasker, an international chess master, he created Europe's first go-club.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In the 1930s, the Laskers left Germany, eventually ending up in the United States.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

They didn't leave their passion there.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Edward Lasker is considered the “father of American Go”.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In addition to social activities to popularize the game, he wrote the book “Go and Go-Moku”.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

One of the factors in the popularization of Go in America was the flow of immigrants from East Asia, which especially increased in the late 1930s.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go-organizations in Europe and America have never been as numerous as in Japan, Korea, and China, but they have developed and enlarged.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In the 1950s, the development of Go in Europe was quite rapid - national go federations were created in England, Germany, Austria and Holland, and in 1956 the European Go Federation appeared, which is now unites federations of more than two dozen countries.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Since 1957, European Championships have been held annually, the first of which was held in Germany.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

To date, the total number of Go players in Western Europe, according to some estimates [4], exceeds 100,000, and in the US and Canada it is 127,000.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Most countries have their own national go federations, regular competitions are held, and qualification ranks are awarded.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

However, all the highest world Go titles are still firmly held by Korean and Chinese players.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

If earlier the development of go in Europe and Asia was almost independent (Europeans, clearly lagging behind the leading state countries, only borrowed their theoretical achievements), but now the state movement is showing more and more trends towards unification.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Since 1979, individual world championships among amateurs have been held, and in 1982 the International Go Federation was formed.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

European players, who were initially obvious outsiders in tournaments involving Koreans, Chinese, and Japanese, have recently risen higher in the standings.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go in Korea


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Some particularly impressionable commentators called the sharp increase in interest in Go in Korea “madness” — with half the population of Japan, Korea has significantly more active players.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Almost exclusively Korean players have been at the top of the Go world rankings for more than a decade.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Since 1988, Koreans have won 41 of 54 international cups played (of the remaining 13, 10 won by the Japanese, 3 by the Chinese).


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The Inga Cup is the largest international professional tournament held every four years under the auspices of the Inga Foundation, four out of five times won by Korean professionals.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go in the USSR and Russia


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Go appeared in Russia simultaneously with other European countries, imported from Japan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

But go was neither a mass hobby nor a sports discipline for a long time.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

From time to time, magazine publications were published, there were a number of amateurs, but that's all.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

1965 is considered the moment of the actual beginning of the development of go in the USSR.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

This year, in Leningrad, in the Lensovet Palace of Culture, a go section under the leadership of Yuri Filatov appeared and the first tournament was held.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Over the next 10 years, the section developed, and two of its members, Valery Astashkin and Georgy Nilov, officially received the 5th amateur dan in Kansai Kiin.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In 1975, they also published a series of articles about the game in the journal “Science and Life” (No. 8-12 for 1975, No. 1-8 for 1976) and held a problem solving competition.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Publications in such a mass magazine led to the emergence of go lovers throughout the country.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Quite large amateur associations have appeared in more than fifty cities, and competitions have begun to be held regularly.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In 1977, a multi-stage tournament was held for the title of the strongest player in the country (abbreviated as “SIGO”), which became the first unofficial championship of the USSR.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Valery Astashkin won it.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In the same year, he took 6th place at the European Championship.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The SIGO title was drawn twice more, according to the usual scheme for Japanese tournaments — the winner of the Candidates Tournament played a match with the title holder.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Both times Valery Astashkin held the title.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Until the end of the 1970s, go enthusiasts in the USSR sought official recognition of the game, along with chess and checkers, but this goal was never achieved.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

By 1980, the wave of initial enthusiasm had subsided, and the state movement in the USSR began to decline.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Only in 1984, the All-Russian Go Section was created under the Committee for Physical Culture and Sports of the RSFSR.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Official tournaments began to be held, and in 1985 the Russian Cup and the Russian Championship were held.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In 1989, the Federation of the USSR Civil Defense finally appeared, and Valery Astashkin became its first president.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

From that moment on, go has become a recognized sport.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In 1990, the first (and only) USSR championship took place.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Currently, in Russia, the Russian Go Federation (baduk), which became the legal successor of the Federation of the USSR Go, is the main official state organization in charge of the development of go as a sport.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Regular tournaments are held.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The evolution of the rules


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The current rules of go, for the most part, developed by the first half of the first millennium AD.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Although some changes have been made and are being made until recent years, all of them do not affect the tactics of the game, but only allow us to better identify some of the most difficult points.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Only in ancient times did the game differ markedly from the current one.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Tibetan Go retained, according to some researchers, features of early forms of Go, many of which were later excluded from the developing game.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The oldest game boards known from archaeological finds and pictures in books are not 19x19, but 17x17 lines in size.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The order of placement of handicap stones, which differs in Japanese and Chinese rules, is attributed by some researchers to an older rule, according to which several stones of both colors are in front of the game was put on the board by both players.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

Subsequently, this rule was canceled, they began to start an equal game from an empty board, but the order of arrangement of the initial stones was preserved in the rules for the location of handicap stones.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

The method of calculating the result of the game by territory and captured stones, preserved in Japanese rules, was borrowed from China in the 6th-7th centuries.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In China itself, after a while, it was replaced by the method of counting territory and living stones used there now.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

This method is more convenient when players do not agree on the status of a group at the end of the game.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

To determine the status, you can simply finish playing in this place until the contradiction is resolved.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

In Japanese rules, this is not always possible, as players may need to go to their territory when finishing the game, which can change the ratio of points.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

At the end of the 16th century, Toyotomi Hideyoshi established a rule according to which the strongest player is played with black, and if the difference in strength is large, with handicap.


Question: When did the “go” game come about?

Go history

A little later, a rating system was also formed there, which was based on a difference of one handicap stone.