Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Despite all the efforts of the chaplain, the isolation of the islanders and their dependence on the graces of nature meant that their worldview was as related to druidism as it was to Christianity [29] before arrival Reverend John McDonald in 1822 Macauley (1764) reported the existence of five druid altars, including a large circle of stones placed perpendicular to the ground, near Stallir House on Boreray Island.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Coll MacDonald from Colonsay Island raided Hirtu in 1615, taking 30 sheep and some barley.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[56] Subsequently, the islands began to enjoy a reputation for being abundant.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

At the time of Martin's visit in 1697, the population was 180 people and the manager went on a trip accompanied by almost 60 people, including him: “selected the thinnest” among his friends on nearby islands and periodically took them to St. Kilda to enjoy the benefits of the island's nutritious and abundant, albeit simple, provisions and thereby restore their health and strength” [57].


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Religion and tourism in the 18th and 19th centuries


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Tourism has had a different but equally devastating effect on St. Kilda.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

During the 19th century, steamers began to enter Hirtu, giving islanders the opportunity to earn money selling tweed and bird eggs, but at the same time losing self-esteem, as tourists looked at them as a curiosity.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[59] The vessels brought with them previously unknown diseases, especially tetanus infantum, which led to a high infant mortality rate, reaching 80 per cent at the end of the 19th century.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[29] “Steamship cough” (cnatan na gall), a disease that appeared after a ship approached Hirtu, has become common.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[41] [46]


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

By the beginning of the 20th century, schooling had appeared on the islands, and in 1906 the church was expanded to include a school.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

All children now studied English and their native Gaelic.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The development of obstetrics, banned under Reverend McKay, has reduced child mortality from tetanus.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Since the 1880s, trawlers fishing in the North Atlantic began to visit the islands regularly, facilitating trade.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

In 1875, under McKay, they started talking about resettlement from the islands, but despite the occasional shortage of food and the flu epidemic in 1913, the population stabilized at 75-80 man, and there were no signs that an island with a thousand-year history of human habitation would become uninhabited in just a few years.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[60] [61] [62]


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

World War I


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

At the beginning of World War I, Royal Navy installed a radio station on Hirt and for the first time the archipelago received daily communication with the mainland.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

At the end of the war, on May 15, 1918, a German submarine entered Village Bay, which, after warning, began shelling.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Seventy-two shells destroyed a radio station, damaged the pastor's house, church and warehouse on the pier, but there were no casualties.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

One witness recalled: “This is not to say that this boat wanted to destroy everything, it could set fire to every house. But all she wanted was Admiralty property. One lamb was killed... the cattle fled to the other side of the island when they heard gunshots.”


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

As a result, a 120 mm MKiII rapid-fire gun was installed at the Cape near Village Bay, but it never opened fire.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Among the long-term consequences were the establishment of regular contacts between the islanders and the outside world and the development of commodity-money relations.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

This made life easier for them, but it also made her more addicted.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Both factors led to the evacuation of the island's population in just over a decade.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Evacuation of the archipelago


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The reason for the evacuation was many factors.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

For centuries, the island has existed in relative isolation, but the emergence of tourism and the presence of the military in World War I prompted the islanders to find solutions to the difficulties of everyday life with which they have come across before.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The authorities were unable (or unwilling) to help the islanders, although reliable radio communications and other infrastructure that the civilians living on the islands were deprived of were subsequently provided to a military base, which cost millions of pounds sterling.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[63] The changes of the 19th century disrupted the traditional way of life characteristic of the islanders.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Despite the construction of a small pier in 1902, the islands remained completely dependent on the weather.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

After World War I, most of the young islanders left the island, and the population fell from 73.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

in 1920 to 37 in 1928 [29] In 1926, the flu epidemic claimed the lives of four people, followed by crop failures in the 1920s. Research at the University of Aberdeen showed that the soil was contaminated with lead and other substances from fertilizers made from bird bones and peat ash.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The use of manure for fertilization has become more intensive, and this has become another factor.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The last straw was the death of a young woman, Mary Gilles, from appendicitis, in January 1930. On August 29 of the same year, the remaining 36 residents were evacuated to Movern, Scotland, to mainland, your own request.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The morning on the day of the evacuation foreshadowed great weather.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The sun rose from the calm sparkling sea and warmed the impressive rocks of Oyseval...


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Following tradition, the islanders left an open Bible and a handful of oats in every house, locked all the doors and boarded the Harebell at 7 am... They say that they stayed during loading fun.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

But as soon as the long horn of Dune disappeared beyond the horizon and the familiar outlines of the island blurred, the severance of the long-standing connection became a reality and the inhabitants of St. Kilda shed tears.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

In 1931, the islands were bought by Lord Dumfries (later 5th Marquess of Bute) from Sir Reginald McCloud.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

For the next 26 years, the islands were uninhabited, except for rare visits by tourists or briefly returning islanders.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[66] [67]


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

More recent military events


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The islands were not involved in World War II, during which they were completely abandoned, [68] but three crash sites have survived since then.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Bristol Beaufighter LX798, based in Port Ellen on Fr. Islay, crashed into Conahair 100 meters below the summit on the night of June 3-4, 1943.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

A year later, just before midnight on June 7, 1944, the day after landing in Normandy, the Sunderland seaplane crashed on top of the Gleann Mòr.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

A small memorial plaque in a pickaxe is dedicated to those killed in this plane crash.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

69] A Wellington bomber crashed on the south shore of Soay in 1943.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

It was not until 1978 that an official attempt was made to investigate the crash site, but identification could not be carried out with absolute accuracy.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

A cockade of a Royal Canadian Air Force cap was found among the wreckage, suggesting that it may have been the aircraft that disappeared on September 28, 1943.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

In 1955, the British government decided to include St. Kilda in a missile tracking range based on Benbecula Island, where test launches and flights are carried out.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Thus, in 1957, St. Kilda became inhabited again.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Since then, a number of military buildings and towers have been built, including the first licensed premises on the island, the Puff Inn.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The UK Department of Defense leases St. Kilda from the National Trust for Scotland for a nominal fee.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[71] The main island of Hirta is still home to a small number of civilians working at the military base all year round.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Nature conservation


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Architecture


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Prehistoric buildings


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The oldest structures on St Kilda are the biggest mystery.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Large koshars are located closer to the center of the island from the existing village in An Lag Bho'n Tuath (“hollow in the north”) and contain curious navicular stone rings or “masonry”.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Soil samples date back to 1850 BC. e.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

, but they are found only on St Kilda and their destination is unknown.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

In the Gleann Mòr area, (northwest of Village Bay behind the central Hirta Ridge), there are 20 “horn-shaped structures”, significantly ruined buildings with a main courtyard of about 3×3 m, two or more smaller rooms and with a front yard formed by two curved or horn-shaped walls.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Again, nothing like this exists in England or Europe, and their original purpose remains unknown.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[73] [74] Gleann Mòr is also home to the “Amazon house” (Taigh na Bana-Ghaisgich).


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

According to Martin (1703), the female warrior is mentioned in many fairy tales of St. Kilda.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

This Amazon is famous in their tradition: its house (or farm) is still preserved; some of the residents live in it all summer, despite being several hundred years old; it is entirely built of stone, without the use of wood, limestone, earth or mortar to hold stones together, and has the shape of a circle, a pyramid tapering upwards, with a vent above the fire, which is always located in the center of the floor; the stones are elongated and thin, which makes up for the lack of wood; in the main part of the house can sit no more than nine people; on the right side of the wall there are three beds or low vault, between each bed that seats five people, there is a column; at the entrance to one of these low vaults there is a stone placed on the priest: it is said that she used to put her helmet on it; on the other side there are two stones on which, according to legend, she put her sword: she is said to have been very fond of hunting, and that in her time the whole space between this island and Harris was one continuous strip of land.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Harris has information about similar stories about a female warrior who hunted on the now submerged land between the Outer Hebrides and St. Kilda.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[75] The front yard of this structure is similar to other “horn-shaped structures” in the vicinity, but like Martin's Amazon, its original purpose is more a legend than an archaeological fact.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Much more is known about hundreds of unique “cleitean”, barns that adorn the archipelago.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

These domed structures are made of flat boulders and are covered with a turf roof on top.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The wind freely penetrates through the cavities in the walls, but the rain does not get inside.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Peat, nets, grain were stored in these buildings, meat and eggs, manure, hay were stored, and sheep were sheltered in them in winter.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The time of appearance of this invention by the inhabitants of the archipelago is unknown, but it was constantly used from prehistoric times until the evacuation of residents in 1930.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Hirte has more than 1,200 destroyed and surviving “claytes”, and another 170 are located on neighboring islands.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[76] [77] An early Christian stone cross is built into the front wall of house No. 16 in the modern village, which may date back to the 7th century.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Medieval settlement


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The medieval village was located near Tobar Childa, about 350 mattresses from the shore, at the foot of the slopes of Conachaira.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The oldest structure is an underground passage with two small annexes called Taigh an T-sithiche (fairy house), dating back to 500 BC.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

— 300 AD


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The inhabitants of St. Kilda believed that it was a home or refuge, but according to a more modern hypothesis, it was a glacier.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Numerous ruins of fences and claytes, as well as the ruins of a medieval “house” with an extension resembling a hive, have survived.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Nearby is the Bull's House, a rectangular structure without a roof, where the island's bull was kept in winter.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Tobar Child is supplied with water from two springs that are located just behind the Main Wall, which surrounded the Village to protect the cultivated plots of land within its limits from sheep and livestock.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[80] There were a total of 25 to 30 houses.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Most of them were black houses of the characteristic design of the Hebrides, but some older buildings were made of jagged stone with roofs not made of straw, but of turf.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Turn protected from wind and rain.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Older buildings in the form of hives looked more like green hills than dwellings.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

More modern facilities


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The Head Wall was erected in 1834, when the medieval village was abandoned and a new settlement was planned between Tobar Childa and the coast about 200 meters away. slope.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The settlement was the result of the arrival of Sir Thomas Dyke Ackland, a parliamentarian from Devon.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Amazed by the primitive living conditions of the islanders, he made a gift that led to the construction of a completely new settlement of 30 new houses in black.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

They were further strengthened after several new buildings were damaged by a strong storm in October 1860.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

At that time, 16 modern houses and a new manager's house were built among the black houses.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The houses were built of stone without mortar, had thick walls and turf roofs.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The building, as a rule, had one small window and a small hole for smoke to escape from the hearth in the middle of the room where peat was burning.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Because of this, the room was all smeared with soot inside.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

In winter, cattle were housed at one end of the house, and once a year the straw covering the floor was removed and spread out on the ground.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

One of the most interesting ruins on Hirt is the place where Lady Grange's House stood.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Lady Grange was the wife of James Erskine, Jacobite supporter James Erskine of Grange, for 25 years when he decided that she knew too much about his treacherous conspiracies.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

On his instructions, she was kidnapped and secretly imprisoned in Edinburgh for six months.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

From there, she was sent to the Monk Islands, where she lived in isolation for two years, while he reported her death and arranged for her funeral.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

She was then transported to Hirtu, where she stayed from 1734 to 1742, and which she described as “a disgusting, vile, smelly beggar island.”


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

After an unsuccessful escape attempt, Erskine took her to the Isle of Skye, where she died.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The House is a large storage barn in the Village Meadow.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

[83] [84] [85] [86]


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Boswell and Johnson discussed this topic during their visit to the Hebrides in 1773.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Boswell wrote: “Today after dinner, we talked about the striking case of Lady Grange being exiled to St. Kilda and imprisoned there for several years without any help. Dr. Johnson noted that if McLeod had made it known that he had such a place for bad wives, he could make it a very profitable island.” [87]


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

In the 1860s, unsuccessful attempts were made to improve the landing zone by blowing up rocks.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

In 1877, a small pier was built, which was washed into the sea by a storm two years later.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

In 1883, statements to the Napier Commission proposed the restoration of the pier, but it was not until 1901 that the Congested Districts Board provided an engineer to berth construction next year.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Almost on the coastline itself, there are several huge boulders that were known on the islands and northern Scotland in the 19th century as Doirneagan Hirt, naked Hirta [88] [89].


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

At one time, there were three churches on Hirt.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Christ Church, located in a cemetery in the center of the Village, was in use in 1697 and was the largest, but its thatched building could not accommodate the entire population, so during the service most of the parishioners had to be in the courtyard of the church.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The Church of St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Brendana was a kilometer away on the slope of Ruival, and the Church of St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The Columbs are at the west end of Village Street, but there is little left of these buildings.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

In 1830, a new pickaxe (Scottish church) (kirk) and a parish priest's house were built on the eastern outskirts of the village, and in 1860 the manager's house was built [90] [91].


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Buildings on other islands


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The archipelago in art and literature


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The story of the evacuation of Hirt Island was the plot for the feature film “End of the World” directed by Michael Powell.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The film was shot in the summer of 1936 on Fula Island [92].


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Literature


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Baxter, Colin and Crumley, Jim (1998) St Kilda: A portrait of Britain's remotest island landscape, Biggar, Colin Baxter Photography ISBN 0-948661-03-8


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Buchanan, Margaret St Kilda: a Photographic Album, W. Blackwood, 1983 ISBN 0-85158-162-5


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Coates, Richard (1990) The Place-names of St Kilda, Lampeter, Edwin Mellen Press


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Fraser Darling, F., and Boyd, J.M. (1969) Natural History in the Highlands and Islands, London, Bloomsbury ISBN 1-870630-98-X


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Fleming, Andrew (2005) St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Kilda and the Wider World: Tales of an Iconic Island, Windgather Press ISBN 1-905119-00-3


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Harvie-Brown, J.A. and Buckley, T.E. (1888), A Vertebrate Fauna of the Outer Hebrides.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Pub.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

David Douglas.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

, Edinburgh.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004) The Scottish Islands, Edinburgh, Canongate ISBN 1-84195-454-3


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Keay, J., and Kay, J. (1994) Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland, London, HarperCollins ISBN 0-00-255082-2


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Maclean, Charles (1977) Island on the Edge of the World: the Story of St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Kilda, Canongate ISBN 0-903937-41-7


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Martin, Martin (1703) “” in A Description of The Western Islands of Scotland, Appin Regiment/Appin Historical Society.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Retrieved 3 March 2007


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Murray, W.H. (1966) The Hebrides, London, Heinemann


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Quine, David (2000) St Kilda, Grantown-on-Spey, Colin Baxter Island Guides ISBN 1-84107-008-4


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Steel, Tom (1988) The Life and Death of St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Kilda, London, Fontana ISBN 0-00-637340-2


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Williamson, Kenneth; & Boyd, J. Morton.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

St Kilda Summer, London, Hutchinson


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

See also


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Scottish Wildlife Trust


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Notes


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Supplementary literature


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Atkinson, Robert Island going to the remoter isles, chiefly uninhabited, off the north-west corner of Scotland, William Collins, 1949.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

(Reprinted Birlinn, 1995 ISBN 1-874744-31-9)


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Charnley, Bob Last Greetings of St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Kilda, Richard Stenlake, 1989 ISBN 1-872074-02-2


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Coates, Richard The Place-Names of St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Kilda, Edwin Mellen Press, 1990 ISBN 0-88946-077-9


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Gilbert, O. The Lichen Hunters.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

St Kilda: Lichens at the Edge of the World, The Book Guild Ltd.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

, England, 2004 ISBN 1-85776-930-9


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Harman, Mary An Isle Called Hirte: History and Culture of St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Kilda to 1930, MacLean Press, 1996 ISBN 1-899272-03-8


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Kearton, Richard, Cassell and Company, London, 1898


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

McCutcheon, Campbell St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Kilda: a Journey to the End of the World, Tempus, 2002 ISBN 0-7524-2380-0


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Stell, Geoffrey P., and Mary Harman Buildings of St Kilda, RCAHMS, 1988 ISBN 0-11-493391-X


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

References


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

National Trust for Scotland.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Retrieved 28 December 2007


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

culturehebrides.com.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Retrieved 28 December 2007


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Retrieved 28 December 2007.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

(12 May 2003)


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

The Scottish Executive.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Retrieved 28 December 2007.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

An architectural and historical account by Christian Lassue.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Retrieved 28 December 2007.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Utopia Britannica: British Utopian Experiments 1325—1945.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Retrieved 28 December 2007.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

(29 August 1930) nls.uk reprint of report from The Times.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

London.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Retrieved 28 December 2007.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

(26 June 2005)


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Glasgow.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Sunday Herald.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

A report of a surviving St Kildan re-visiting the islands by Torcuil Crichton.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Retrieved 28 December 2007.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

abandonedcommunties.co.uk Retrieved 28 December 2007.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

(January 2003) (pdf) Retrieved 28 December 2007.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Includes a detailed map.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

— the last resident of St.


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Kilds


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Category:Uninhabited islands of Scotland


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Category:Outer Hebrides


Question: Which country does the St. Kilda archipelago belong to?

St Kilda

Category:Nature reserves in Scotland


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli () is a brand of small-class cars manufactured by AvtoVAZ.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

History


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

On August 16, 1966, a general agreement was signed in Moscow between the Italian company Fiat and the Soviet Vneshtorg on scientific and technical cooperation in the development of cars.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Within its framework, a project for the construction of an automobile plant in the USSR was approved.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

This agreement also determined the models themselves: two cars in the “norm” configuration with sedan bodies (VAZ-2101) and station wagon (VAZ-2102), and a luxury car (VAZ-2103).


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The Fiat 124 was immediately identified as a prototype for the “norm”, which received the title “Car of the Year” in 1967.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In the summer of 1966, the first acquaintance of Soviet specialists with an Italian car took place.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

During tests on Soviet roads, cars revealed serious problems with the durability of the body and rear disc brakes.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The low ground clearance and the absence of towing eyes made it problematic to operate cars in the village.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Soviet engineers were also dissatisfied with the lower shaft engine, which was absolutely hopeless from the point of view of further development of the design.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

All the comments of Soviet specialists were taken into account by Italian designers [1].


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The chassis and transmission have undergone no less serious changes.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

As a result, the VAZ-2101 began to differ from the Fiat 124 in brakes (drum mechanisms appeared at the rear, calmly tolerating bad roads), suspension (the front was reinforced, the rear was completely replaced with more modern with five jet rods instead of a jet tube), a driveshaft (an open shaft with an intermediate support is introduced), reinforced clutch and a modified design of synchronizers in the gearbox [ 1].


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The first six VAZ-2101 cars were assembled on April 19, 1970, while the rhythmic operation of the main assembly line began in August.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Soon the production of the VAZ-2102 station wagon began.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

From 1972 to 1984, the “luxury” model VAZ-2103 was produced.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In 1976, production of the improved VAZ-2106 model began [2].


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The eighties were marked by the launch of production of models with a rectangular front design — VAZ-2105, VAZ-2104 and VAZ-2107 [1] [3].


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

On December 30, 2010, the VAZ-2105 was discontinued, due to low demand from the entire classic VAZ family and almost complete unification with the VAZ-2107.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

On April 17, 2012, IzhAvto stopped producing VAZ-2107.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The latest model of the Lada VAZ-2104 was discontinued on September 17, 2012.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The production of the VAZ-21074 model in Egypt from car kits supplied by AvtoVAZ was fully completed in early 2014 [4].


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Name


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The word “Zhiguli” itself comes from the name of the mountains in the Volga Upland [5].


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Since consumers in a number of European countries associated the word “Zhiguli” with the dubious concept of gigolo, on the foreign market the Zhiguli trademark was soon replaced by “LADA”.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The models were named by engine size, for example, Lada 1300.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Modernized models of the subfamily VAZ-2104, VAZ-2105, VAZ-2107 were also sold in the domestic market under the Zhiguli brand, and on the foreign market only under the LADA brand (while export models, in addition to engine size designation, they were sold in some markets under the names Lada Saloon, Lada Nova, Lada Riva, Lada Estate and even Lada Kalinka) [6].


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In the 1990s, AvtoVAZ refused to use the word Zhiguli, using index designations on the domestic market (then VAZ-2104, VAZ-2105, VAZ-2106 and VAZ-2107 were produced), but this word is firmly has become entrenched in the public consciousness.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In everyday life, such cars are often called “Zhigul” and “Zhiga”, and specific models are called by number (“seven”, “five”, etc.), and the very first model for round headlights and for low cost was nicknamed “penny”.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In the automotive press, they began to be called “classic models” or simply “classics”.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In particular, the unrealized project for the modernization of the Zhiguli, for which the prototype of the VAZ-2107M was released in 2009, received the code name Lada Classic-2.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Models


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

A total of 7 Zhiguli models were produced with indices from 2101 to 2107.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The index of each model could contain a fifth digit indicating a modification of the car: for example, the Egyptian “seven” had an index of 21074.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Detailed information about the features of each model is given in the relevant articles.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Production models


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

VAZ-2101 is the very first model, “kopek”


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

VAZ-2102 — “kopek” -station wagon


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

VAZ-2103 — model with twin headlights


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

VAZ-2104 is a station wagon based on 2105, also known as Kalinka and Signet


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The VAZ-2105 is the first model with rectangular headlights, also known as Riva, Nova, Laika and Clasico.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

VAZ-2106 — improved 2103


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The VAZ-2107 is the latest model known as Riva, Nova and Signet.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Prototypes and concepts


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

VAZ-2107M, the so-called Lada Classic-2.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli modernization project at the beginning of the 21st century.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

It was assumed that the cheap old model could be kept on the assembly line through external and minor design improvements.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

A prototype was made.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The project was abandoned due to the obvious obsolescence of the structure originally from the seventies.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Instead, it was decided to start developing a new low-cost model from scratch.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Years of production


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Production and sales


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In 2003, about 265 thousand classic Zhiguli were released.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In 2006, the “six” VAZ-2106, which lasted 30 years on the assembly line, was discontinued (assembled from SKD kits at IzhAvto).


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In 2007, the production of LADA 21053 and LADA 21070/21074 models continued at VAZ, SKD assembly of the VAZ-21043 model at IzhAvto; VAZ-21070 models since 2002 in Ukraine (LuAZ, ZAZ and KrasZ) and since 2006 in Egypt.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In 2007, about 234 thousand cars of this family were produced (18% of passenger car production in Russia), so Zhiguli remained the most massive in production (despite some fall) and especially in consumption in Russia.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

The longest-produced car in the family was the 2105 model (31 years from 1979 to 2010).


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

In culture


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli became the hallmark of the Soviet and Russian automotive industries [1] [7] [8].


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

These cars are present in a variety of films, songs, literary works.


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Gallery


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli VAZ-2101 (1970-1988)


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli VAZ-2102 (1971—1986)


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli VAZ-2103 (1972—1984)


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli VAZ-2104 (1984—2012)


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli VAZ-2105 (1979-2010)


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli VAZ-2106 (1976-2006)


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Zhiguli VAZ-2107 (1982—2012- in Russia; 2006—2014- in Egypt)


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

See also


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Hindustan Ambassador


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Paykan


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Volkswagen Golf I


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Notes


Question: When did the first Zhiguli car come out?

Zhiguli (car)

Literature


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Belarus Publishing House is the oldest Belarusian book publishing house, founded in 1921 in Minsk (Belarus).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Currently, it publishes books on various topics: on history, culture, art, local history, ethnography and other topics; mainly full-color illustrated publications, photo albums; the program includes there are popular science, reference, scientific, literary and artistic, educational and other publications.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The annual issue is about 100 titles with a total circulation of about a thousand copies.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

General information


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The Belarus Publishing House was founded by the resolution of the Central Election Commission of the BSSR of January 18, 1921 (“On the Establishment of the State Publishing House of Belarus and the Centralization of Printing” [1] [2], adopted in January 1921 in in accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) B of January 29, 1920.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

[3]) as the “State Publishing House of the BSSR” on the basis of the “Belarusian Branch of the State Publishing House of the RSFSR” created in 1920; since 1963 it has been called “Belarus Publishing House”, since 1980 —” Republican Order of Friendship of Peoples Publishing House “Belarus”, from 1997 to 2000 — State Enterprise “Publishing House “Belarus”, since 2000 — Republican Unitary Enterprise “Publishing House” Belarus “” [4].


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

On the basis of its structural units, publishing houses were created: belor.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Narodnaya Asveta (rus. Public Education) — in 1951, Belor.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Urajay (rus. Harvest) — in 1961, Belor.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Mastatskaya Litaratura (rus. Fiction) — in 1972.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In 1980, the Belarus Publishing House was awarded one of the highest state awards of that time — the Order of Friendship of Peoples [5].


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In 2002, the publishing house Belarus included the state publishing houses Polymya and Urajay.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Publishing house name


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The name of the publishing house has been changed and refined throughout its history.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The main renaming and naming “Belarus” took place in 1963, and clarification in accordance with the form of ownership and type of economic activity has been repeatedly since the late 1990s.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Since 1921 — Russian.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

State Publishing House of the BSSR, State Publishing House of the BSSR (belor. Dzyarzhunae issuance of the BSSR, Dzyarzhvydat of the BSSR).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Since 1924 — Russian.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Belarusian State Publishing House of the BSSR — Belgosizdat (belor. Belarusian dzyarzhaunae issuance of the BSSR — DVB).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Since 1942, he has been the publishing house of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) B “Sovetskaya Belorussia”: until 1943 in Moscow, since 1944 — again in Minsk.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Since 1963 — Russian.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Belarus Publishing House (belor. Issued “Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Since 1980 — Russian.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Republican Order of Friendship of Peoples Publishing House “Belarus” (belor. Respublikanskaya Order of Friendship of the People issued “Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Since 1997 — Russian.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The State Enterprise “Publishing House “Belarus” (Belor. Dzyarzhaunae great-pryemstvo “Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Since 2000 — Russian.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Republican Unitary Enterprise “Publishing House “Belarus” (Belor. Respublikanskaya unitarnaya pradpryemstvo “Vydavetstva “Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Publishing house executives


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1948, February — 1973, March — Matuzov, Z. P.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1973, March 9 — 1980, September 1 — Antonenko, M. AND.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1980, September 1 — 1989, February 10 — Samal, A. AND.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1989, January 27 — 1993, May 31 — Valery Dubovsky, Director.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1993, May 31 — 1999, August 13 — Nikolay Alekseevich Kovalevsky, Director.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1999, August 13 — 2000, March 9 — Elena Ivanovna Zakonnikova, Acting Director.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2000, March 9 — 2002, July 15 — Elena Zakonnikova, Director.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2002, July 2 — 2004, January 12 — Evgeny Vasilyevich Malashevich, Director.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2004, February 4 — 2005, June 5 — Georgy Konstantinovich Kiselyov, Director.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2005, July 1 — 2010, January 1 — Alexander Stolyarov, Director.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2010, January 1 — 2011, August 31 — Valentina Pinchuk, Acting Director.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2011, September 1 — 2015, August 31 — Trusevich Anna Grigoryevna, Director.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Enterprises created on the basis of the publishing house “Belarus”


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Publishing enterprises were created on the basis of the structural units of the Belarus publishing house:


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1951 — Belor Publishing House.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Narodnaya Asveta (rus. Public education)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1961 — Belor Publishing House.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Urajay (rus. Crop)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1972 — Belor Publishing House.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Mastatskaya Litaratura (rus. Fiction),


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1991 — Delo magazine.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Honors


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The publishing house's activities in publishing books have been repeatedly noted by government certificates, diplomas of book art competitions, etc.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In 1980, the Belarus Publishing House was awarded one of the highest state awards of that time — the Order of Friendship of Peoples.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Certificate of Honor of the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR (for merits in the development of book publishing and printing) [6].


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Certificate of Honor of the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR (for merits in the development of book publishing and printing and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the founding of the publishing house) [7].


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Jubilee Certificate of Honor of the Central Committee of the CPB, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR, the Council of Ministers of the BSSR and the Belarusian Republican Council of Trade Unions (for high performance in the socialist competition in honor of 50th anniversary of the USSR).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The passing Red Banner, Diploma of the Central Committee of the CPB, the Council of Ministers of the BSSR, Belsovprof and the Central Committee of the LKSMB (for success in the socialist competition following the results of 1974).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Order of Friendship of Peoples (for fruitful work on the communist education of workers and mobilizing them to fulfill the tasks of economic and cultural construction) [8].


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2nd degree diploma of the Council of the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the BSSR (for the book “70 Years of the CPB” and the photo album “Minsk Yesterday and Today”)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

3rd degree diploma of the All-Union Book Art Competition (for the book “In Different Lands and Countries”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the 1st degree of the XXXV Republican contest “The Art of Book — 1995” (for the book belor. “Vetkauski Museum of Folk Creators” = rus. “Vetka Museum of Folk Art”; the book “Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the 3rd degree of the XXXV Republican contest “The Art of Book — 1995” (for the book of poems for children “Seasons”; greeting cards; wall calendars).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1st degree diploma of the XXXVII Republican contest “The Art of Book — 1997” (for the book belor. “History mastatstvaḥ” = rus. “Art History”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

3rd degree diploma of the XXXVII Republican contest “The Art of Book — 1997” (for the book “The Ancient World in Terms and Titles”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the 3rd degree of the XLIII Republican contest “The Art of Book — 2003” (for books by Belor. “The bandage of hours — Belarusian rushnik” = rus. “The connection of times is a Belarusian towel”; belor. “Minsk Unknowable. 1920—1940” = Rus. “Unfamiliar Minsk. 1920—1940”; belor. “Mirski zamak” = rus. Mir Castle).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2nd degree diploma of the International Competition of the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the nomination “Appearance” (for the book belor. “The fall to the skies of Belarus” = rus. “Under the Sky of Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Special diploma of the XLIV Republican contest “Book Art — 2004” in the nomination “Best Photo Album” (for the book by belor. “The fall to the skies of Belarus” = rus. “Under the Sky of Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1st degree diploma of the XLIV Republican contest “The Art of Book — 2004” (for the book belor. “The fall to the skies of Belarus” = rus. “Under the Sky of Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

3rd degree diploma of the XLIV Republican contest “The Art of Book — 2004” (for the book belor. “Prypyats. Live vada Palessia” = rus. “Pripyat. Living water of Polesye”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

3rd degree diploma of the International Competition of the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the Commonwealth nomination (for the book “Polotsk”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Special diploma of the XLV Republican contest “Book Art — 2005” in the nomination “The Best Publication of Fine Arts” (for the book belor. “National Mastatski Museum of Respubliki Belarus” = rus. National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1st degree diploma of the XLV Republican contest “The Art of Book — 2005” (for the book belor. “National Mastatski Museum of Respubliki Belarus” = rus. National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Special diploma of the XLVI Republican contest “Book Art — 2006” in the nomination “The Best Popular Science Publication” (for the book belor. “Mastatskiya Belorby Belorussia” = rus. “Art Treasures of Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

3rd degree diploma of the International Competition of the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the nomination “My Universities” (for the book “Men's Suit in Belarus”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diploma of the winner of the “Golden Tome” of the XLVII National Competition “Book Art — 2007” in the nomination “The Best Publication in Fine Arts” (for the book by Belor. “Napoleon Orda. From the fund Natsyyanalnay bibliyateki Belarus” = rus. “Napoleon Orda. From the funds of the National Library of Belarus” [9]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the 2nd degree of the XLVII National Competition “The Art of Book — 2007”: in the nomination “The Best Popular Science Publication” (for the book Belor. Minsk. Gіstarychny partret of the city. 1953—1959” = rus. “Minsk. Historical Portrait of the City. 1953—1959” [10]); in the nomination “The Best Mass Political Publication” (for the book Belor. “Kanstytutsya Respubliki Belarus” = rus. “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”); in the nomination “Best Photo Album” (for the book “Yu. M. Peng”); in the nomination “Best Publication on Fine Arts” (for the book belor. “History of the Belarusian mastatstva” = rus. “History of Belarusian Art”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diploma of the winner of the Golden Tome of the XLVIII National Competition “Book Art — 2008”: in the nomination “The Best Spiritual and Educational Publication” (for the book “Sacred Painting of Belarus of the 15th—18th Centuries” [11]); in the nomination “The Best Scientific Publication” (for books by Belor. “Men's cassyum in Belarus” = rus. “Men's suit in Belarus” and white. “Zhanochy kassyum in Belarus” = rus. “Women's Costume in Belarus” of the “Cultural Treasures of Belarus” series).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the 1st degree of the XLVIII National Competition “The Art of Book — 2008”: in the nomination “The Best Popular Science Publication” (for the book Belor. “Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich” = rus. “Vincent Dunin-Martsinkevich”); in the nomination “Best Reference Publication” (for the book belor. “Mastatstva knigi of Belarus” = rus. “The Art of the Book of Belarus” [12]); in the nomination “The Best Publication on Fine Arts” (for the book belor. “History of the Belarusian mastatstva” = rus. “History of Belarusian Art”); in the nomination “The Best Custom Publication” (for the book “Chronicle of Courage. Dedicated to firefighters and rescuers”); in the nomination “The Best Mass Political Publication” (for the book “The Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. 90 Years Guarding the Fatherland”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the 2nd degree of the XLVIII National Competition “The Art of Book — 2008”: in the nomination “The Best Spiritual and Educational Publication” (for the book Belor. “Saint Eufrasinnya” = rus. “Saint Euphrosyne”); in the nomination “Best Reference Publication” (for the book by Belor. “Gomel palaces-parks ensemble” = rus. Gomel Palace and Park Ensemble [13]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

3rd degree diploma of the XLVIII National Competition “Book Art — 2008” in the nomination “Best Photo Album” (for the book by Belor. “Krayavidy Lidchyny” = rus. “Landmarks of Lida Region”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diploma of the winner of the Golden Tome of the XLIX National Competition “The Art of Book — 2009”: in the nomination “Treasures of the Motherland” (for the book belor. “Belavezhskaya dziva” = rus. “Belovezhskoye Divo” [14]); in the nomination “The Best Literary and Artistic Publication” (for the book Belor. “Dzikae palyavanne karal Stakh” = rus. King Stach's Wild Hunt).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diploma of the winner of the Golden Tome of the 50th National Competition “The Art of Book — 2010” in the nomination “The Best Popular Science Publication” (for the book “Tsar's Hunts in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Pages of History”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Gratitude from the Minister of Information of the Republic of Belarus (for his significant contribution to the development of national culture, fruitful work in the field of Belarusian book publishing and in connection with the 90th anniversary of its foundation).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diploma of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Belarus (for a significant contribution to the development and support of the culture of Belarus and in connection with the 90th anniversary of its foundation).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Certificate of Honor of the Presidium of the Minsk City Committee of the Belarusian Trade Union of Cultural Workers (for his great contribution to the development of publishing activities, reliable social partnership, support trade union movement and in connection with the 90th anniversary of its foundation) [15].


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1st degree diploma of the 51st National Competition “The Art of Book — 2012” in the nomination “Eureka” (for the book belor. “Visit the feadalaw Vyalikaga Principality of Litouskaga 15 — syaredzine 17 stagoddzha” = rus. “Life of feudal lords of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 15th — mid-17th centuries” [16]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2nd degree diploma of the 51st National Competition “The Art of Book — 2012”: in the nomination “Golden Tablets” (for the book belor. “Literature of Belarus” = rus. “Mythology of Belarusians”); in the nomination “Art Book” (for the book by Belor. “Historyya susvetnaga mastatstva” = rus. “History of World Art”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the 2nd degree “Golden Tome” of the 52nd National Competition “Book Art — 2013”: in the nomination “Lit-Format” (for the collection of prose and poetry by Belor. “Zvany Yunatstva” = rus. “Bells of Youth” [17]); in the nomination “For Contribution to the Preservation of Spiritual Heritage” (for the book belor. “Pomniki Mastatsky Culture of Belarus” = rus. “Monuments of Artistic Culture of Belarus” [18]); in the nomination “Photo View” (for the book Belor. “Belarus. Zyamlya pesnyarou” = rus. “Belarus. Land of Pesnyars” [19]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the winner of the 53rd National Competition “The Art of Book — 2014”: in the nomination “Photo View” (for the book Rus. “Minsk. The heart of Belarus” = belor. Minsk. Serts of Belarus” = eng. “Minsk. The heart of Belarus” [20]); in the nomination “For Contribution to the Preservation of Spiritual Heritage” (for the book belor. “Slutsk payasy: adrajenne tradytsyy” = rus. “Slutsk belts. Revival of Traditions” [21]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the 2nd degree of the 53 National Competition “The Art of Book — 2014”: in the nomination “Photo View” (for the book “Belarus. Belarus” [22]); in the Eureka nomination (for the book “Belarus during the First World War”); in the nomination “Spirituality” (for books in the “Belarusian History” series — belor. “Tayamnitsy Belarusian abyaryogağ” = rus. “Secrets of Belarusian amulets” [23], belor. “Princes of Slutsk” = rus. Princes of Slutsk [24]; belor. “Sarmatian culture of the Belarusian gentry HUI-HUIIII stst.” = rus. “Sarmatian culture of the Belarusian gentry in the XII — XII centuries” [25]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

2nd degree diploma of the XI International Competition of the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States: in the nomination “Victory” (for the book belor. “Belarus gady Vyalikay Aichynnnay Vainy. 1941—1945” = rus. “Belarus during the Great Patriotic War. 1941—1945” [26]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

3rd degree diploma of the IX International Book Exhibition-Fair “The Book is the Way of Cooperation and Progress”: in the nomination “Art Publication” (for the book Belor. “Slutsk payasy: adrajenne tradytsyy” = rus. “Slutsk belts. Revival of Traditions” [21]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

1st degree diploma of the 54th National Competition “The Art of Book — 2015”: in the nomination “Eureka” (for the book “Radziwills. Nesvizh. The Castle” [27]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Diplomas of the 2nd degree of the 53 National Competition “The Art of Book — 2014”: in the nomination “Photo View” (for the book belor. “Garades of Belarus on old pashtouki” = eng. “Towns of Belarus on old-time postcards” [28]); in the Art Book nomination (for the book “Belarusian Soviet Poster” [29]); in the Golden Tablets nomination (for the book “Ancient Estates of Grodno Region” [30]).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

History


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Publishing activity from 1921 to 1975


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The State Publishing House “Belarus” was founded on January 18, 1921 as the State Publishing House of the BSSR (Gosizdat of the BSSR) (Bel. Dzyarzhunae issuance of the BSSR - Dzyarzhvydat of the BSSR) on the basis of the Belarusian branch of the State Publishing House of the RSFSR created in 1920, which, in addition to preparing its own publications, was entrusted regulation of all publishing activities in Belarus, accounting and distribution of paper, distribution of printed works.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Since 1922, the publishing house was part of the State Trust for the Publishing and Printing Industry of Belarus (Beltrestpechat) (Bel. Beltrastdruk).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In 1924, the Belarusian State Publishing House of the BSSR (Belgosizdat) (Bel. Belarusian dzyarzhaunae issuance of the BSSR — DVB)).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

During the Great Patriotic War, since 1942, the publishing house operated in Moscow, until 1943 as a publishing house of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) B Sovetskaya Belorussiya, and since 1944 it was again in Minsk [31].


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In the first years of its existence, the publishing house published both books and periodicals.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The topics of book publications were diverse and included socio-political, artistic and journalistic, local history, production and technical, medical, art history literature, up to 1951 — scientific and pedagogical, until 1961 — agricultural, until 1972 — adult and children's fiction literature, critical and literary works.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

After the creation of Narodnaya Asveta publishing houses on its basis (rus. Public Education) — in 1951, Urajay (Rus. Harvest) — in 1961, Mastatskaya Litaratura (Rus. Fiction) — in 1972, the publication of educational, agricultural, art publications ceased.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The activities of the publishing house from the moment of its foundation in 1921 to 1975 are reflected in the characterization certificate dated April 29, 1976, prepared by the State Archive of the BSSR (the text of the certificate is given below).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

REFERENCE CHARACTERIZATION


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

“Belarus” publishing house


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

for publishing, printing and book trade


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The publishing house “Belarus” (until 1963, the State Publishing House of the BSSR) was established on January 18, 1921 (by the resolution of the Central Election Commission of the BSSR “On the Establishment of the State Publishing House of Belarus and the Centralization of Printing” adopted in January 1921 in accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) B of January 29, 1920).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

It was the beginning of the rapid development of Belarusian printing, played an important role in the development of public education, the training of mass personnel of the national intelligentsia, and the development of Belarusian literature and art, in the entire cultural construction of the republic.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Books, brochures, leaflets, posters published by the publishing house in a popular form carried the ideas of Marxism-Leninism, proletarian internationalism to workers and peasants, explained the next tasks of Soviet authorities.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The Belarusian reader had the opportunity to read in their native language the works of V. AND. Lenin, which were published in large quantities in the Lenin Library series.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Before the Great Patriotic War, about 225 books by V. AND. Lenin, their total circulation amounted to more than 2 million copies.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

A lot of work was done by the publishing house to translate and publish in Belarusian the works of K. Marx, F. Engels, as well as the largest scientists and writers of the world, outstanding Russian, proletarian writers, many writers of the fraternal peoples of the USSR.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

A rapidly growing detachment of writers in Belarus received an unprecedented opportunity to publish their works.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Every year, the publication of works by Belarusian scientists, party, Soviet, trade union and Komsomol workers, specialists and innovators of production increased.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

During the Great Patriotic War, the publishing house continued its activities in Moscow.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Renamed the publishing house of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) B “Sovetskaya Belorussiya”, it published books, brochures, magazines, leaflets, posters telling about the heroic exploits of Belarusian soldiers in mass circulation, nationwide guerrilla warfare, called for intensified strikes against the fascist invaders.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Upon returning to Minsk in October 1944, the publishing house called Gosizdat of the BSSR launched work to increase the production of books and other printed materials (until 1955 it also published magazines).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In 1951, an independent publishing house, Narodnaya Asveta, was created on the basis of the editorial office of educational and pedagogical literature.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In 1962, the Urozhay publishing house was established on the basis of the editorial office of agricultural literature of the publishing house


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In 1972, the Mastatskaya Litaratura publishing house was established on the basis of the editorial offices of fiction and children's literature.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

But even after that, the Belarus publishing house remained multidisciplinary.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In addition to the previously existing editorial offices of socio-political, mass-political, production, technical and reference, medical and physical culture and sports, musical literature and art products editorial offices of memoirs and military-patriotic literature, literature on Soviet construction and law, and photo publications were created.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Particular attention is paid to the publication of works by the classics of Marxism-Leninism, materials of party congresses and Plenums of the CPSU Central Committee, the most important government documents, monographs and studies on history the Communist Party of Belarus, books and brochures on the history and practice of communist construction.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In 1974, the publication in Belarusian of the fourth 45-volume edition of V. AND. Lenina.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Four volumes of L. AND. Brezhnev's “Lenin Course” and a collection of his speeches and articles, materials of the XXIV and XXV congresses of the CPSU.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

During the post-war period (1946-1975), 11265 titles were published with a circulation of 207 million copies.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

In 1967, for merits in the development of book publishing and printing, the successful implementation of state plans and in 1971 for the success achieved in the production of literature and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Belarus Publishing House was awarded Certificates of Honor of the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The publishing house achieved significant success in publishing all types of literature in the ninth five-year plan.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The five-year plan was completed ahead of schedule, in September 1975.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Over the five years, the publishing house has published 2,765 titles of book and non-book products with a circulation of 58,300,000 copies.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

For high performance in the socialist competition in honor of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the USSR, the publishing house was awarded the Jubilee Certificate of Honor of the Central Committee of the CPB, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR, and the Belarusian Republican Council of Trade Unions.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

For the success achieved in the socialist competition, according to the results of 1974, the publishing house was awarded the passing Red Banner, the Diploma of the Central Committee of the CPB, the Council of Ministers of the BSSR, Belsovprof and the Central Committee of the LKSMB, 11 times in Over the course of its fifth anniversary, the Belarus publishing house was awarded prizes in the all-Union and republican socialist competition of employees of publishing houses, printing and book trade.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The series of books “Union Republics”, many books and albums were awarded awards at VDNH of the USSR, diplomas of various degrees at republican and all-Union exhibitions and competitions, and the album “Khatyn” was awarded at The international exhibition “Book — 1975” in Moscow.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Currently, the staff of the Belarus publishing house is improving its activities, working hard on the preparation and publication of literature promoting the decisions of the XXV Congress of the CPSU, contributing successful solution of existing economic, political and ideological and educational tasks.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

April 29, 1976 Patch


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

List of books issued between 1921 and 1941


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The list of books published by the publishing house in the first twenty years, from 1921 to 1941, is presented in the bibliographic note prepared in 1990 by the State Book Chamber of the BSSR “Knigi, Brashury, photo albums issued to “Belarus” for 1921-1941 reptiles” (rus. “Books, brochures, photo albums published by the Belarus Publishing House for 1921-1941”).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The bibliographic list was prepared on the basis of the data of the state bibliographic index “Letapis druku of the BSSR” (rus. “Chronicle of the Press of the BSSR”), catalogs and materials of the Press Archive of the State Book Chamber of the BSSR.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The list includes books, brochures, photo albums with more than 10 pages, except for fine art products (posters, booklets, postcards, etc.), some official materials ( laws that were printed in translation from Russian), instructional and methodological letters of the People's Commissveta (abbreviated from Narodna Kamisaryyat Asveta) (Rus. People's Commissariat of Education — People's Commissariat of Education), memos, instructions.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The material is presented in chronological order by year of issue.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Within a year, bibliographic records are given in alphabetical order by title and author, first in Belarusian, then in Russian and other languages (Hebrew, Lithuanian, Polish).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Textbooks for schools and fiction, in which a summary description is used, are separated into separate sections.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Introductory article “Hell Skladalnіka” (rus. “From the compiler”) to the bibliographic certificate was written by the head of the catalogs and card files sector of the centralized cataloging and catalogs department N. A. Petrovich.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

(The text of the article is given below in Belarusian, preserving the spelling and punctuation of the original.)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Dzyarzhnaya Knizhnaya Chamber of the BSSR


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

KNIGI, BRUSHES, PHOTO ALBUMS,


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

issued “Belarus”


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

for 1921-1941 reptiles


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Minsk


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Hell skladalnіka


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Bibliyagrafichny spis knig “Knigi, brashury, photo albums, yakiya issued out “Belarus” for 1921-1941 reptiles, padrykhtavany on asnov zvestak, locked at dzyarhauna bibliyagrafіchny pakazalnik “Letapis druku of the BSSR”, catalog and materiyalağ Arkhiva druku Dzyarzhaunai knizhnay Chamber of the BSSR.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

At spisu adlustravana knigi, brashury, photo albums with kolkastsyu staronak zvysh 10, akramya praduktsyi vylaulenchaga maststva (posters, booklets, pashtouki i g. d.).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Pa uzgodnenastsi z vyvyvetstvam are not turned off some afitsyynyya materiyaly (laws, yakiya drukavalisya perakladze z ruskay mov), structsyyna-metadychnyya lists and pisma Narkamasveta, monuments, structures.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Bibliyagrafichnae apisanne bibliyagrafichnykh zapisaḥ azhytsyoulena adpavednastsi z GIVE 7.1-84 “Bibliographic description of the document. General requirements and rules of compilation” (M., 1984) with some attachments, prynyatymi for spis: not pointing kalektyuny autar, pamer knigi, name issuance, tsana knigi i dadatki.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Apisanne knig, yakiya issued on Belarusian and Ruskay mov, skladzen on mov aryginal.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Apisanne knig, yakiya issued on other movs (Polish, litouskaya, yaureiskay), azhytsyolena perakladze on Belarusian mov with indicated mov, with yakoy zroblena peraklad (yaur., litous., Polish).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Great skladannі apisannya zakhavan arthagraphy aryginal.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Great apisanni prymyanyayutstsa scarachenni words at adpavednasts z DAT 7.12-77 (ST SEV 2012-79) “Abbreviations of Russian words and phrases in the bibliographic description” (M., 1982) and PCT BSSR 843-86 “Scarachenne Belarusian words and words luchennyaḥ at bibliyagrafichny apisanni” (Mn., 1987).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Razmyashchenne materyyalu azhytsyolena khranalagichny parade pa gadakh vydynnya.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

At the midst of the year, bibliyagrafichnyaya zapisy pryvodzyattsa alfavitse named and autarā, glad to spachatka on Belarusian mov, sweating on Ruskay and other movs.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

At the asobny razdzela, padruchniki for school, mastatskaya litaratura.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

At razele “Mastatskaya litaratura” and “Padruchniki” prymyanyaetstsa zvodnaya apisanne.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

At the razdzele “Mastatskaya litaratura” zvestki ab issued any autar pryvodzyattsa adnym autarsky complex: on the sapraudnaya nickname tsi on pseudanim, pad yakim vyozili tory.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Zagadchytsa sectar catalog i kartatek addzela tsentralizavanay katalagizatsyі i catalog


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Pyatrovich N. A.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Publishing activity from 1971 to 1990


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Information on the activities of the publishing house for 1971-1990 is contained in the historical background of the joint archive of the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus dated October 14, 1993 (fund No. 238 [32]; certificate prepared by the head of the joint archive T. Murashkina).


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

During this period, the structure of the publishing house changed several times: thematic editorial offices and other units were created, reorganized and abolished.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The subject of the published literature was expanded and supplemented; socio-political, mass political, memoirs on communist and military-patriotic topics, scientific, production and technical, reference and popular literature on economics, planning and organization of the national economy, philosophy, law, fine arts, medicine, health care, physical culture and sports, political posters, art albums, postcards, calendars, reproductions of works of art, music and song works art.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Publishing house activities 2011—2015


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Currently, the main theme of the publishing program is the Republic of Belarus.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The main thematic areas are culture, art, history, nature, ethnography, local history, music, etc.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The main types of publications: photo albums, illustrated popular science, educational and literary and artistic publications, posters, postcards, etc.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Leisure publications and medical literature are also published.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The authors of the publishing house are well-known scientists, writers, scientists and cultural figures, artists, museum workers, journalists, photographers, specialists in various fields of knowledge.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Among them, G. Avlasenko V. Belyavina, L. Bogdanova, Y.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Bokhan A. Velichko, N. Vysotskaya, T. Dzhumantayeva, A. Dribas, A. Kleschuk, B.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Lazuk, A. Losminsky, G. Marchuk G. Matsur T. Mdivani G. Pashkov V. Prokoptsov and I. Saverchenko, Ye.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Sakhuta, V. Sventokhovsky, S. Tarasov V. Telesh, A. Fedoruk V. Charopka O. Chernyshev and many others.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

The most significant book projects 2012—2015


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

belor.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Garages of Belarus on old pashtouki = eng.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Towns of Belarus on old-time postcards [33]


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Old postcards with views of Belarusian cities of the late 19th — early 20th centuries are shown.


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

Belarusian Soviet poster [34]


Question: What was the first book published by Belarus Publishing House?

Belarus (publishing house)

If you look at the posters of the Soviet period today, it will seem as if you are flipping through an artistic chronicle.