Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt as a virtuoso was also greatly influenced by Chopin, who, according to popular belief, was skeptical of Liszt, not having time to see the heyday of his work after 1848 and seeing him only a virtuoso, however, as a performer, Liszt was highly appreciated by Chopin, who communicated with him in Paris.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In a letter from 1833, Chopin wrote: “I would like to steal from him the manner in which I performed my own sketches.”


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt's acquaintances also include writers Dumas, Hugo, Musset, Georges Sand.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Around 1835, Liszt published articles on the social situation of artists in France, Schumann, etc.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

At the same time, Liszt began his pedagogical activity, which he never left later.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In the early 1930s, Liszt met Countess Marie d'Agou, a friend of George Sand.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

She was fond of contemporary art.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The Countess had some literary abilities and was published under the pseudonym Daniel Stern.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

George Sand's work was a benchmark for her.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Countess d'Agou and Liszt were in a state of romantic love.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In 1835, the Countess left her husband and broke all ties with her circle.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Together with Liszt, she went to Switzerland, and this is how the next period of Liszt's life began.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Years of Wanderings


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

From 1835 to 1848, the next period of Liszt's life lasts, which was given the name “Years of Wanderings” (after the title of the collection of plays).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In Switzerland, Liszt and Marie d'Agou lived in Geneva and at times in a picturesque village.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt made the first sketches of plays for the collection “Traveler's Album”, which later became “Years of Wandering” (French: “Années de pèlerinage”), taught at the Geneva Conservatory, and sometimes traveled to Paris with concerts.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

However, Paris is already fascinated by another virtuoso, Thalberg, and Liszt did not have his former popularity.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

At this time, Liszt had already begun to give his concerts an educational theme — he played symphonies (arranged for piano) and Beethoven's concerts, paraphrases on themes from operas, etc.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Together with d'Agou, Liszt wrote an article “On the role of art and the position of the artist in modern society”.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In Geneva, Liszt did not fall out of active European life.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Friends from Paris, including George Sand, came to visit him.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In 1837, with one child, Liszt and d'Agou went to Italy.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Here they visited Rome, Naples, Venice, Florence — centers of art and culture.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

From Italy, Liszt wrote essays on local musical life, which he sent to Paris for publication.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The genre of writing was chosen for them.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Most of the letters were addressed to George Sand, who also responded to Liszt with essays in the magazine.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In Italy, Liszt played a solo concert for the first time in history, without the participation of other musicians.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

It was a bold and daring decision that finally separated concert performances from salon performances.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Fantasies and paraphrases on themes from operas (including Lucia by Donizetti), arrangements of Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony and many works by Berlioz date back to this time.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

After giving several concerts in Paris and Vienna, Liszt returned to Italy (1839), where he completed the arrangement of Beethoven's symphonies for piano.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt had long dreamed of going to Hungary, but his friend Marie d'Agou was against this trip.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

At the same time, there was a big flood in Hungary, and Liszt, already having great popularity and fame, considered it his duty to help his compatriots.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

So he broke up with D'Agou, and he went to Hungary alone.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Austria and Hungary met Liszt triumphantly.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In Vienna, after one of his concerts, Sigismund Thalberg, his longtime competitor, approached him, recognizing Liszt's superiority.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In Hungary, Liszt became the spokesman for the nation's patriotic upsurge.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Nobles came to his concerts in national costumes and presented him with gifts.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt transferred the proceeds from the concerts to flood victims.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Between 1842 and 1848, Liszt traveled several times throughout Europe, including Russia, Spain, Portugal, and visited Turkey.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

This was the peak of his concert activity.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt was in Russia in 1842 and 1848.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In St. Petersburg, Liszt was listened to by outstanding figures of Russian music — V. IN. Stasov A. N. Serov M. AND. Glinka.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

At the same time, Stasov and Serov recalled their shock from his game, and Glinka did not like List, he put Field above.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt was interested in Russian music.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

He highly appreciated the music of Ruslan and Lyudmila, made a piano transcription of Chernomor's March, and corresponded with the composers of The Mighty Handful.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In subsequent years, ties with Russia were not interrupted, in particular, Liszt published a collection of selected excerpts from Russian operas.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

At the same time, Liszt's educational activities reached a peak.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In his concert programs, he included many piano works by classics (Beethoven, Bach), his own arrangements of symphonies by Beethoven and Berlioz, songs by Schubert, organ works by Bach.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

At Liszt's initiative, celebrations were organized in honor of Beethoven in Bonn in 1845, and he also contributed the missing amount to erect a monument to the brilliant composer there.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

However, after a while, Liszt became disappointed in his educational activities.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

He realized that it did not achieve the goal, and it was more pleasant for the average person to listen to a medley from a fashionable opera than Beethoven's sonata.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt's active concert activity ceased.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

At this time, Liszt met Princess Carolina Wittgenstein, wife of Nikolai Petrovich Wittgenstein (1812-1864).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In 1847, they decided to unite, but Carolina was married, and, in addition, earnestly professed Catholicism.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Therefore, it was necessary to seek a divorce and a new wedding, which was to be allowed by the Russian emperor and the Pope.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Weimar


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt and Caroline settled in Weimar in 1848.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The choice was due to the fact that Liszt was given the right to lead the musical life of the city, moreover, Weimar was the residence of Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, sister of Emperor Nicholas I.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Apparently, Liszt hoped to use it to influence the emperor in the divorce.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt took up the opera house and updated his repertoire.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Obviously, after disappointment in the concert activity, he decided to shift the educational emphasis to the activities of the director.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Therefore, the repertoire includes operas by Gluck, Mozart, as well as contemporaries — Schumann (Genoveva), Wagner (Lohengrin) and others.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Symphonic programs included works by Bach, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Berlioz, as well as his own.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

However, Liszt failed in this area as well.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The audience was dissatisfied with the repertoire of the theater, the troupe and musicians complained.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The main result of the Weimar period is Liszt's intense composing work.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

He put his sketches in order, completed and revised many of his works.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

“Traveler's Album” after a lot of work became “Years of Wandering”


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Piano concertos, rhapsodies (which use melodies recorded in Hungary), Sonata in B minor, etudes, romances, and most (12 out of 13) symphonic poems appeared here.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Young musicians from all over the world came to Weimar to learn lessons from Liszt.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Together with Carolina Liszt, he wrote articles and essays.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

I started a book about Chopin.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt's rapprochement with Wagner on the basis of common ideas dates back to this time.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In the early 1950s, the Union of German Musicians, the so-called “Weimars”, was created, as opposed to the Leipzig (to which Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms belonged, who professed more academic views than Wagner and Liszt).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Violent conflicts have often arisen between these groups in the press.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In the late 50s, hope for a wedding with Carolina finally melted away, and Liszt was disappointed by the lack of understanding of his musical activity in Weimar.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

At the same time, Liszt's son died.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Once again, as after the death of his father, mystical and religious feelings intensified in Liszt.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Together with Carolina, they decided to go to Rome to pray for sins.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Later years


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In the early 1960s, Liszt and Carolina moved to Rome, but lived in separate houses.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

She insisted that Liszt become a clergyman, and in 1865 he took a minor vows as an acolytic.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt's creative interests now lay mainly in the field of sacred music: the oratorios The Legend of St. Elizabeth, Christ, four psalms, a requiem and the Hungarian coronation mass (German: Kronungsmesse).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In addition, the third volume of “Years of Wanderings” appeared, full of philosophical motives.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt played in Rome, but extremely rarely.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In 1866, Liszt traveled to Weimar, and the so-called Second Weimar Period began.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

He lived in the modest house of his former gardener.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

As before, young musicians came to visit him, including Grieg, Borodin, Ziloti.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In 1875, Liszt's activities concentrated mainly in Hungary (in Pest), where he was elected president of the newly founded Higher School of Music.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt taught, among his students are Emil von Sauer, Alexander Ziloti, Karl Tauzig, d'Albert, Moritz Rosenthal, Vera Timanova, Sophie Menter and many others.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

He wrote Forgotten Waltzes and new rhapsodies for piano, the cycle Hungarian Historical Portraits (about figures of the Hungarian liberation movement).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt's daughter Cosima at this time became Wagner's wife (their son is the famous conductor Siegfried Wagner).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

After Wagner's death, she continued to organize Wagnerian festivals in Bayreuth.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

At one of the festivals in 1886, Liszt caught a cold, and soon the cold turned into pneumonia.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

His health began to deteriorate, his heart worried.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Because of the swelling of his legs, he only moved with assistance.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

On July 19, 1886, his last concert took place.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt died on July 31 of the same year in a hotel in the arms of a valet.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Facts


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Modern musicologists consider Liszt to be the founder of the master class as a form of improving the professional skills of a musician [2].


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

His first master class is considered to be in Weimar in 1869.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Emperor Franz Joseph I knighted Liszt on October 30, 1859, leaving a handwritten record of Liszt's full name: Franz Ritter von Liszt [3] (Franz Ritter von Liszt, German: Ritter — knight, rider).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

It is depicted on postage stamps of Austria in 1961, Hungary in 1932 and 1986, and on the postal block of Hungary in 1934.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liebestraum No.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

3 in A-Flat Major, S. 541 was used as a ringtone on Nokia phones.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt had a very large hand that could cover almost two octaves.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

memento


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The name was given to the Hungarian National Academy of Music (Budapest).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Budapest International Airport, the main air harbor of Hungary, bears the name of Franz Liszt.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The music school in Moscow was named after Franz Liszt in 2012.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Artworks


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt's works are 647 in total: 63 of them for orchestra, about 300 arrangements for piano.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Everything Liszt wrote shows originality, desire for new ways, richness of imagination, courage and novelty of techniques, and a kind of view of art.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

His instrumental works represent a remarkable step forward in musical architectonics.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

13 symphonic poems, the Faust and Divina commedia symphonies, piano concertos present a wealth of new material for the researcher of musical form.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

From Liszt's musical and literary works, brochures about Chopin are issued (translated into Russian by P. A. Zinoviev in 1887), Benvenuto Cellini by Berlioz, Schubert, articles in Neue Zeitschrift für Musik and a large work on Hungarian music (Des Bohémiens et de leur musique en Hongrie).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In addition, Franz Liszt is known for his Hungarian Rhapsodies (created 1851—1886), which are among his most striking and original works of art.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt used folklore sources (mainly gypsy motifs) that formed the basis of Hungarian rhapsodies.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The genre of instrumental rhapsody is a kind of Liszt's “innovation”.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Rhapsodies were created in the following years: No. 1 - about 1851, No. 2 - 1847, No. 3-15 - around 1853, No. 16 - 1882, No. 17-19-1885.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

List of essays


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Piano works


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Studies of Higher Performing Skills/Transcendental Etudes (1st Edition — 1826.2nd 1836.3rd 1851)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

C-dur (Preludio/Prelude)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

a-moll (Fusées)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

F-dur (Paysage/Landscape)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

d-moll (Mazeppa/Mazepa)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

B-dur (Feux follets/Wandering lights)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

g-moll (Vision/Vision)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Es-dur (Eroica)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

c-moll (Wilde Jagd/Wild Hunt)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

As-dur (Ricordanza/Recollection)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

f-moll (Appassionata)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Des-dur (Harmonies du soir/Evening harmonies)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

b-moll (Chasse-neige/Blizzard)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Studies on the caprices of Paganini S.141/Bravourstudien nach Paganinis Capricen - (1st ed. Bravurnye, 1838, 2nd ed. Large studies on the caprices of Paganini — Grandes Etude de Paganini, 1851):


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Tremolo g-moll;


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Octaves es-dur;


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

La campanella gis-moll;


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Arpeggio e-dur;


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

La Chasse e-dur;


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Theme et variations a-moll.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

3 concert sketches (circa 1848)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

2 concert sketches (circa 1862)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Traveller's Album (1835—1836)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Years of Wanderings


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Year 1 — Switzerland S.160 (9 plays, 1835—1854) /Annees de pelerinage — Premiere annee — Suisse


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

I.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

La chapelle de Guillaume Tell/William Tell Chapel


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

II.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Au lac de Wallenstadt/On Lake Wallenstad


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

III.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Pastorale/Pastoral


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

IV.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Au bord d'une source/At the spring


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

V. Orage/Thunderstorm


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

VI.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Vallee d'Obermann/Oberman Valley


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

VII.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Eclogue/Eclog


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

VIII.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Le mal du pays/Homesickness


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

IX.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Les cloches de Geneve/Geneva Bells


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Year 2 — Italy S.161 (7 plays, 1838—1849), incl. “Fantasy Sonata After Reading Dante” (Apres une lecture du Dante, 1837—1839), ext.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

— Venice and Naples, 3 pieces, 1859/Annees de pelerinage — Deuxieme annee — Italie, S.161


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

I.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Sposalizio/Engagement


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

II.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Il penseroso/Thinker


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

III.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Canzonetta del Salvator Rosa/Salvatora Rosa Canzonetta


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

IV.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Sonetto 47 del Petrarca/Petrarch's Sonnet No. 47 (Des-dur)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

V. Sonetto 104 del Petrarca/Petrarch's Sonnet No. 104 (e-dur)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

VI.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Sonetto 123 del Petrarca/Petrarch's Sonnet No. 123 (As-dur)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

VII.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Apres une lecture du Dante, fantasy quasi una sonata/After reading Dante (sonata fantasy)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Venice and Naples Supplement S.162


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

I.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Gondoliera/Gondoliera


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

II.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Canzone/Cantion


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

III.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Tarantella/Tarantella


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

3rd year S.163 (7 plays, 1867—1877) /Annees de pelerinage — Troisieme annee


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

I.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Angelus.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Priere aux anges gardiens/Prayer to the guardian angel


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

II.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Aux cypres de la Villa d'Este I/At the cypresses of Villa d'Este.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Trenodium I


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

III.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Aux cypres de la Villa d'Este II/At the cypresses of Villa d'Este.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Trenodium II


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

IV.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Les jeux d'eau a la Villa d'Este/Fountains of Villa d'Este


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

V. Sunt lacrymae rerum (en mode hongrois) /Hungarian style


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

VI.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Marche funebra/Funeral march


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

VII.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Sursum corda/Let's raise hearts


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

“Poetic and Religious Harmonies” (1845—1852)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Consolations (1849)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Hungarian Historical Portraits (1870—1886)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

2 legends S. 175 (1863)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

I.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Saint François d'Assise: La prédiction aux oiseaux/Saint Francis of Assisi, Sermon to the Birds


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

II.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Saint François de Paul marchant sur les flots/Saint Francis of Paola walking on the waves


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Two ballads (1848-1853)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Sonata (1850—1853)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Mephisto Waltz (circa 1860, orchestral version first)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

(1st edition — 1840—1847, 2nd — 1847—1885), S 244


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

cis-moll


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

cis-moll


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

B-dur


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Es-dur


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

e-moll (“Héroïde-Élégiaque”)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Des-dur


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

d-moll


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

fis-moll


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Es-dur (Pest Carnival)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

e-dur (“Preludio”)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

a-moll


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

cis-moll


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

a-moll


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

f-moll


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

a-moll (Rakoczi March)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

a-moll (Munkacsy Festival in Budapest)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

d-moll


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

fis-moll (Hungarian Exhibition in Budapest)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

d-moll (on the theme of chardash K. Abranya)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Waltzes, gallops, polonaises, chardashi, marches and others.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Works for piano and orchestra


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The first concert of ES-dur (1849, rework - 1853, 1856)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The second concert of A-dur (1839, rework - 1849, 1853, 1857, 1861)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Dance of Death (1849, revised 1853, 1859)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Symphonic works


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Symphonic poems


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

What can be heard on the mountain (French: Ce qu'on entend sur la montagne, 1847-1856)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Tasso.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Complaint and Triumph (Italian: Tasso: Lamento e Trionfo, 1849; Recycling — 1850-1854)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Preludes (French: Les préludes, 1848; recycling - 1850-1854)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Orpheus (Orpheus, 1854)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Prometheus (Prometheus, 1850, Refining - 1855)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Mazeppa (Mazeppa, 1851)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Holiday bells (German: Festklänge, 1858)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Crying for Heroes (French: Héroïde funèbre, 1850-1854)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Hungary (Hungary, 1854)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Hamlet (Hamlet, 1858)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Battle of the Huns (German: Hunnenschlacht, 1857), with organ


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Ideals (German: Die Ideale, 1857)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

From cradle to grave (German: Von der Wiege bis zum Grabe, 1881-1882)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Symphonies


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Faust (1854-1857)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Dante (1855-1856)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Oratorios and masses


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The Legend of Saint Elizabeth (1857-1862)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Christ (1862-1866)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Gran Mass (1855)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Hungarian Coronation Mass (1866-1867)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Songs and romances (about 90)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Literary works


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

“Bachelor of Music Letters” (1837-1839)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

“Paganini. On the occasion of his death” (1840)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Chopin (1851, new edition 1879)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Tannhauser (1849)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Lohengrin (1850)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

The Flying Dutchman (1854)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

“About Gluck's Orpheus” (1854)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

“About Beethoven's Fidelio” (1854)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

“About Weber's Euryant” (1854)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Rhine Gold (1855)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Berlioz and his symphony Harold (1855)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Robert Schumann (1855)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Clara Schumann (1855)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Mozart. To the centenary of his birth” (1856)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

“Criticism of criticism. Ulybyshev and Serov” (1857)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

John Field and His Nocturnes (1859)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

“On Gypsies and Their Music in Hungary” (1860, new edition 1881)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Liszt music productions


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 (1847) — Production of the Year by Lev Ivanov


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Margarita and Armand, Frederick Ashton's ballet to the music of Franz Liszt, was staged this year for Margot Fontaine and Rudolf Nureyev.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

(Currently as Margarita Sylvie Guillem).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In the year, for the Leningrad Choreographic School, Kasyan Goleizovsky composed the ballet Liszt, consisting of works by Franz Liszt: The Forgotten Waltz, Consolation, Waltz Improvisation, Leaf of album” “The Thinker”, “Forgotten Romance”, “Gust” and “Campanella”


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

In the year, the ballet Othello to music by F. Liszt was choreographer.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

On-screen


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 was featured in the Oscar-winning series The Cat Concerto (1946) of the animated series Tom and Jerry.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 sounded in the Oscar-winning series Rabbit rhapsody (1946) of the animated series Bugs Bunny.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 sounded in the film “Vesyolye Rebyata” (scenes in the music hall).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Literature


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Krauklis V. Symphonic poems by F. Liszt.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

M., Music Publ., 1974


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Levasheva O. Franz Liszt.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Young years.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

M., Music Publ., 1998


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Slonimsky S. Liszt's Creative Face: A View from the 21st Century (Essay by a Contemporary Composer).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Composer-SPb, 2010


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Zuckerman V. Sonata in B minor by F. Liszt.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

M., Muzyka, 1984


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Christian, “F. Liszt nach seinem Leben und Wirken aus authentischen Berichten dargestellt” (Lpc.)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Schuberth, “Franz Liszt's Biographie” (Lpc., 1871); Heymann, “L'Abbé Liszt” (P., 1871)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

P. A. Trifonov, Franz List (St. Petersburg, 1887)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Janka Wohl, “François Liszt”, in “Revue internationale” (1886), L. Ramann, “Franz Liszt, als Künstler und Mensch” (Lpc., 1880)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

K. Pohl, “Franz Liszt. Studien und Erinnerungen” (Lpc.).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Gut S. Franz List.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Paris, 1989.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

ISBN 978-2-87706-042-4


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt and problems of synthesis of arts: Sat.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

scientific works/Comp.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

G. AND. Hansburg.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Ed.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

T. B.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Verkina.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

— Kharkiv: RA — Caravel, 2002.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

— 336 p. ISBN 966-7012-17-4


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Demko Miroslav: Franz Liszt compositeur Slovakia, L'Age d'Homme, Suisse, 2003.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Notes


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

References


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

on (230 biographical films about historical figures).


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

upon


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Free scores by Franz Liszt at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Kirina K. F.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

/Musicology.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Collection of articles by graduate students of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Kazakh SSR, vol.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Z. — Alma-Ata, 1967.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

— P. 95—102.


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Category: Teachers of the Geneva Conservatoire


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Category:Austrian academic musicians


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Category:Hungarian academic musicians


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Category:Romanticism


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Category:Romantic composers


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Category:Honorary Citizens of Jena


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Category:German Freemasons


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Category: Burials in Bayreuth


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt


Question: Was Antonio Salieri a competitor to Mozart in music?

Franz Liszt

Category:Requiem writers


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarists

The People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians (NTS) is a political organization of Russian emigration.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

He publishes the magazines Posev and Grani, as well as the newspaper Za Rossii.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The NTS sign is “a generic sign of Grand Duke Vladimir the Holy, the founder of the Russian state, depicted in the form of a golden trident on a white, blue and red background or in black and white, without a background” ( STC Charter).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Before World War II


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The predecessor of the NTS was the Union of Russian National Youth (SRNM).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

By 1929, the SRNM had merged with several similar youth organizations and was renamed the National Union of Russian Youth Abroad.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On June 1, 1930, at the First Congress of Representatives of Groups and Unions of Russian National Youth in Belgrade, the creation of a single Union was proclaimed, which included youth groups in Yugoslavia, France, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, as well as nine representatives of the Yugoslav branches of the Russian Union of National Youth.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

At the same congress, the leadership of the NMRM was elected, the ideological provisions of the new organization were formulated, and its temporary charter was adopted.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

17 months after the 1st Congress, the 2nd Congress of the NCPM took place in Belgrade.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The name of the Union was also changed on it.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

From that moment on, it became known as the National Union of the New Generation (NSNP).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

A new clause — the age limit — was introduced into the Charter of the Union.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Now only those born after 1895 could enter the Union.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The age limit, according to the members of the Union, was supposed to protect the organization from “the sins and prejudices of the past”, that is, from the influence of old party leaders, who were partly blamed for the tragedy Of Russia.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The NSNP was guided by the concept of the so-called “corporate state”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Later, during World War II, the term “corporate state” ceased to be used and replaced by the term “solidarism.”


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The organization aimed to fight for the overthrow of the communist system in the historical homeland.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Due to the fact that the presence of extensive OGPU agents among the white emigration led to the arrests of agents sent to the USSR through the ROVS, the leadership of the NTS decided to use a different tactic (after the war this formed the basis of Vladimir Poremsky's “molecular theory”) — to send agents who are not familiar with each other one at a time so that they could not be calculated through their connections, after which the agents were tasked independently search for like-minded people in the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1932, six members of the NSNP were sent to the USSR through the Baltic States through the channels of the Brotherhood of Russkaya Pravda, but all of them died.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

After that, the leadership of the Union agreed to use channels for transporting illegal immigrants from the ROVS.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the summer of 1933, Pyotr Iroshnikov and Mikhail Florovsky were sent across the Romanian border to the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Both of them were ambushed by a KGB and also died.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the summer of 1934, through the channels of the ROVS, a member of the NSNP G. E.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Prilutsky and his partner.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

They hardly escaped the trap and were forced to return to Finland.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1935, members of the NTS Innokenty Kobylkin, Yevlampiy Perelyadov and Boris Oleinikov crossed the border in Manchuria.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

They reached Moscow, spent some time there and made contacts.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Then they went back across Siberia.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Already at the border, they were identified by a railway worker who knew them earlier in Harbin and handed them over to the security officers.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

All three were shot in Irkutsk.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

There is information about the participation of members of the NTS in the Spanish Civil War on the side of Franco.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

There were not many of them.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The war in Spain was for them a continuation of the Civil War in Russia, and some believed that the road to Moscow would pass through Madrid.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Even Franco's slogan “For an indivisible country without communists!” was close.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1936, the Council of the Union established the emblem of the movement — the “trident”, the sign of Grand Duke Vladimir Svyatoslavich, on a tricolor white-blue-red background (the slope of the tricolor repeats the slope on the chevron Volunteer Army) [1] [2].


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Special schools were created to train people and transfer them to the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

This became possible in 1937 after the chairman of the Polish department A. E.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Wurgler in agreement with the ideologist of the NTSNP M. Georgievsky established contact with the Polish General Staff.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Both sides were interested in each other.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Members of the Union had the opportunity, after completing a reconnaissance course, to “go along the green path” in the USSR to do their job.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

At minimal cost, the Polish authorities received an inexhaustible source of information about the situation in the Soviet Union.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In August 1938, three groups of the NSNP were sent from Poland to the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The first one came across a border patrol.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Vladimir Babkin and Sofronty Spitsa died, A. Chuprunov was forced to return.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Konstantin Gursky went from the second group and was also killed.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Only the third one, consisting of G. Okolovich and A. Kolkova, safely crossed the border.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

They spent four months in the Soviet Union, traveled to many cities and, after studying the situation, returned.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Their experience served to prepare the next groups under the leadership of Okolovich, who later headed the closed work of the STC.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the summer of 1939, nine people were sent to the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The first group, Vasily Durnovo and Alexander Kolkov (for the second time), and the second, A. Chuprunov (for the second time) and Ovchinnikov passed safely.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the third, M. Brzhestovsky was forced to go back, the information about Baga (Peter) Beregulko is contradictory: according to some sources, he died in a shootout, according to others, went deep into the country.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the fourth group, Vladislav Konyavo-Fisher died at the border, and the other two were forced to return: their documents became unusable due to a long stay in the water.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On the eve of the war, printed materials of the NSNP were also sent to the USSR in various ways.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

To analyze the Soviet press and publish propaganda literature in 1937, the conspiracy base “Ldina” was created.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

It was assumed that the materials thrown into Soviet territory could lead to the emergence of independent underground groups that are not associated with the foreign center.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The disclosure of one such group of the NSNP in Moscow was reported by Moscow Radio on December 6, 1938.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The names of the eight young people who were members of it remained unknown.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

World War II


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In July 1938, the NSNP formally dissolved its branch in Germany.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

With the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, illegal border crossings in Poland were forced to stop, but new opportunities opened up in Romania, where an exchange was carried out in the border area of the population.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Ten more people from the NSNP crossed the border here.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Of these, Dimitri Luknitsky died while crossing the Prut, and Vasily Leushin and Vladimir Chebotaev were soon captured in Galicia and Bukovina.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Mashuta Durnovo and Georgy Kaznakov were also captured 4 months after the transition.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

But five illegal immigrants managed to settle in the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

As a result of the operation, it appears that ten people died while crossing or shortly after crossing the border.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Nine began their second life, marking the beginning of the organization of the NSNP within the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Their destinies were different.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Vasily Durnovo, Yevgeny Akulov, Dimitri Potapov, apparently, were arrested by the state security authorities after the war and ended up in camps.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Alexander Kolkov died of typhus in the Caucasus in 1943.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Chuprunov was drafted into the army, captured, was taken by the Germans as translators, fell ill with tuberculosis, met with representatives of the National Labor Union in Warsaw (this name was adopted by the NSNP in 1943) , but went missing after being evacuated by ambulance train.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Khlobystov settled in Smolensk, where he met members of the Union under German occupation.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Upon the return of Soviet troops, he was drafted into the army, reached Berlin, was left to serve in the occupation units, and from there he restored contact with the foreign NTS.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

After demobilization, he settled in Gorky and created a group of the Union, which was discovered a few years later as a result of a denunciation.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Yuri Rogalsky, in violation of the rules, sent a postcard to his friend in Yugoslavia from southern Russia, and there was no more news about him.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Ovchinnikov and Ryzhkov continued to live under false names in an illegal situation.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Since the fall of 1941, groups of the NSNP began to form in Minsk and Vitebsk occupied by German troops, a center was created in Smolensk, where the work of the Union was patronized by the mayor Menshagin and where died of typhus, V. IN. Brand.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Further, the activities of the NSNP spread to the Pskov district up to Gatchina, Vyazma, Bryansk, Orel.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

By the summer of 1942, the Union's activities had spread to Ukraine.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

There were several groups in Kiev, significant groups were in Vinnitsa, Dnepropetrovsk, Odessa, work was carried out in Kirovograd, Poltava, Crimea and for a short time even in Grozny.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

By 1943, 54 settlements had been covered, in which up to 120 groups operated.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Many consisted of 2-3 people, but some had up to 15 members.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In some places, there were opportunities to access printing houses, and leaflets and brochures were printed and distributed.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In March 1942, the Germans established training camps in Zittenhorst and then in Wustrau near Berlin, where qualified prisoners of war were selected to prepare for administrative work “on East”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Teaching in them was taken into their own hands by the leaders of the NSNP/NTS.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Of the more than 500 Russian cadets, about 30 people were admitted to the NTS, including future prominent figures.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Printed materials necessary for the Union were published there, both clandestinely and openly, under the guise of textbooks.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The NSNP/NTS cooperated with the head of the ROA, General A. A. Vlasov.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In March 1943, the ROA propagandist school was established in Dabendorf near Berlin.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Vlasov invited General F. AND. Trukhin, a former teacher at the Academy of the General Staff, by that time a member of the Council of the NSNP/NTS, and 10 people of his choice.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Among them were A. N. Zaytsev (Artemov), A. A. Kandaurov N. G. Stifanov, gen.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Meanders.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

A total of 4,500 cadets attended the courses in Dabendorf; between 40 and 50 of them were admitted to the STC.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

[3] [4]


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The NTS also conducted propaganda work among Soviet citizens — refugees, prisoners and “Ostarbeiters” in the districts of Berlin, Vienna, Hamburg, Dresden, Ludwigshafen, Stuttgart and other cities.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Many members of the NTS were in editorial offices or collaborated with collaborationist media, for example, with the newspaper Novy Put.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

According to a prominent member of the organization A. P. Stolypin, in the summer of 1943, the leadership of the NTS tried to establish contact with American and British government circles.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The mediator in this case was a member of the Red Cross Swiss G. Bruschweiler.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

A significant role in these attempts was played by a member of the NTS M. Grossen is also a Swiss citizen.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Attempts to establish ties with Western countries were made later.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

For example, in the early spring of 1944, the chairman of the STC in France A. Stolypin was authorized (according to the delivered by a member of the Executive Bureau V. Poremsky order of the Center) to come into contact “with representatives of democracies, primarily with the French government”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1943, Baron N. Vineken.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1943, near Polotsk, shortly before the German retreat, members of the NTS P. D. Ponomarev and V. AND. Alekseev held several open rallies under the Russian tricolor flag.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1943, Rostislav Polchaninov, a member of the STC, created an underground scout detachment in German-occupied Pskov, which existed until 1944. In 1944 Polchaninov was arrested by the Gestapo for his anti-German activities.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Since the summer of 1943, members of the NTS have been subjected to German repression.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

As a result, more than 30 people were shot or killed in prison (Semyon Alekseenko in Molodechno; Mikhail Bondarenko in Pinsk; Alexander Zudkov and Pyotr Risov in Warsaw; Yevgeny Volnovsky in Mogilev; Sergey Gladkov, Dr. Losev and Anatoly Shumsky in Minsk; Igor Gorin, Lydia and Roman Sorokins in Smolensk; Vladimir Lukashenya and Nikolai Sagaidakovsky in Baranovichi; Kirill Zudshin, Nina Borisova, Nikolai Patutin, Ivan and Yadviga Zalessky in Pskov; Georgy Kosinov in Borisov; Nikolai Pavlov in Volyn; Yuri Pyankov and Ivan Sushenko in Odessa; Evgeny Rusakov in Sanbor; Mikhail Sonchik in Rivne; Nikolai Shaldykin in Vyazma; Ilya Shakhov in Czestochowa; Alexander Shatsky in Tarnow and others).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

As a result of communication with compatriots in 1944, a new Scheme, or draft program, was born in the depths of the NTS.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The peculiarity of this document in comparison with previous programs of the NTS was the provision that Jews, remaining on the territory of the Russian state, must live in a specially provided region or leave the country, but without exporting capital.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Earlier texts did not contain a hint of anti-Semitism, and it was absent in all post-war programs.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

It was later said that this anti-Semitic trait appeared as a result of Nazi pressure.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

But since the NTS was somehow illegal and many of its leaders and ordinary members spent part of the war in prisons, it is unclear why the underground organization found it necessary to obey such pressure [5].


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

There were about 80 members of the STC in Breslavl and Upper Silesia.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Since June 12, 1944, 44 of them were arrested by the Gestapo; at the same time, arrests took place in Poland and Austria.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On June 24, about 50 members of the STC in Berlin were arrested, including Chairman V. M. Baidalakov and the entire Executive Bureau: D. IN. Brunst, K. D. Vergun V. D. Poremsky.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On September 13, the reserve Executive Bureau fell under the third wave of arrests: E.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

R. Romanov (Ostrovsky), M. L. Olgsky and G. S. Okolovich.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

They were charged with anti-German propaganda, communication with guerrillas and lack of control of an organization that acted as a “state within a state”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Some of those arrested were sent to concentration camps, some were held in prisons.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In Breslavl prison, G. A. Rahr and G. Poloshkin-Pose managed to publish two issues of a handwritten journal on scraps of envelopes glued by prisoners — “Alarm Behind Bars”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Many of the approximately 150 members of the NTS arrested between 1943 and 1944 died in Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Dachau, Gross-Rosen, Sachsenhausen and other German concentration camps.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On April 4, 1945, General Vlasov managed to secure the release of leading members of the Union from prison on Alexanderplatz in Berlin.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The American historian A. Dallin wrote: “The importance of NTS in the context of German Eastern politics is that [...] a determined and well-organized group managed to infiltrate almost all German departments dealing with the Russian issue , and put pressure on them. But in the end, Russian national interests, as seen by the NTS, prevailed over this temporary adaptation, led to a conflict with the Gestapo and the arrest of the NTS leadership in the summer of 1944” (“German Rule in Russia”, 1957, p. 526).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Cold War


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

After the war, the NTS center settled in the Mönhegof displaced persons camp near Kassel in West Germany.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The NTS campaigned among the emigrants of the “second wave” and tried to conduct propaganda among the Soviet occupation forces in Germany and Austria.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

At the beginning of 1949, the STC Council adopted the “molecular theory” developed by V. D. Poremsky.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

According to this theory, in a totalitarian state, it is possible to create a powerful opposition organization, individual cells of which (“molecule”), guided by common goals, would act in the same direction.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

At the same time, horizontal bonds between the “molecules” were not assumed.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The leading and coordinating role that unites cells and organizations was to be assumed by the foreign center.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The Soviet state security bodies kidnapped the leaders of the NTS abroad and tried to deal with them:


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the autumn of 1947, with the help of Soviet agent E.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Klyuchevskoy, a member of the NTS Yu.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

A. Tregubov said.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

As a German citizen, after leaving the camp 8 years later, he returned abroad.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

He wrote the book “Eight Years in the Power of Lubyanka” (1957).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the summer of 1950, a failed attempt to kidnap V. K. Okolovich in Runkel an der Lahn in West Germany.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In June 1951, three German agents were also exposed there, who were instructed to kidnap G. S. Okolovich.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The latter was warned in time by friends of the NTS in the Soviet zone.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On January 13, 1954, State Security Captain N. E.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Khokhlov said.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

He was instructed, with the approval of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, to carry out S. Okolovich.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Khokhlov, however, came to Okolovich and, having outlined the essence of the matter, handed himself over to the disposal of the NTS.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

He later showed the press the improved murder tools he had brought.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The case received wide international publicity.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On April 13, 1954, in the apartment of the German provocateur A. Glezke in West Berlin, Chairman of the Committee for Assistance to Russian Refugees, member of the Council of the STC A. R. Trushnovich.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

He suffocated in the trunk of a car after being kidnapped.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On June 20, 1954, Valery Tremmel, an NTS employee, was unconscious and taken to the Soviet zone of occupation at his apartment in Linz, Austria.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the autumn of 1954, Georgy Khrulev, a member of the NTS, was captured and kidnapped at a monument to Soviet soldiers in West Berlin.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Later, after serving time in Soviet camps, he returned to the West.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the winter of 1954—1955, there were two more unsuccessful attempts to blackmail and kidnap NTS workers in West Berlin.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1955, on the border with Thuringia, a member of the NTS S. AND. Popov — apparently, as a result of the kidnapping, he died, as there was no more information about him.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On December 29, 1955, East German agent Wolfgang Wildprett was sent to West Germany to assassinate the chairman of the NTS V. D. Poremsky.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Wildprett surrendered to local authorities and uncovered the operation.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On September 15, 1957, during the “Seeding” conference, an attempt was made to poison N. E.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Khokhlova.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

After 23 days of struggle of doctors for Khokhlov's life, he was saved.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In July 1958, a house in Sprendlingen near Frankfurt was blown up, where families of Union members lived with children and housed radio equipment.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The entire corner of the two-story house collapsed, but human casualties were avoided.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In July 1961, an explosion was organized in the courtyard of the Posev editorial office building; the goal was to arouse fears of neighbors and evict the editorial office.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

An explosive device was also planted during the construction of the new Posev building; it was discharged personally before the arrival of the police G. S. Okolovich.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In June 1953, eight NTS agents were parachuted from an American aircraft in the Maykop area.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Everyone had a walkie-talkie, an encryption pad and a weapon with them.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

All eight agents were captured by Soviet state security officers.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The failure was due to information received by Soviet intelligence from Kim Philby.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Prior to that, at the end of April 1953, NTS agents were abandoned in the Vinnytsia region of the Ukrainian SSR, near the Kazatin station.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Alexander Makov, Sergei Gorbunov, Dmitry Remiga and Alexander Lakhno were captured and later shot there.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The launch was planned by British intelligence, but technically carried out by the Americans.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Volunteers were found from among the cadets of the CIA intelligence school near Munich [6].


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

One of the survivors, Mikhail Kudryavtsev, claimed in 1993 that their only task was to create an underground cell in the Kuban and distribute leaflets.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

He denied that they were instructed to collect information about secret defense facilities of the USSR [7].


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

However, one of the founders of the NTS B.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

IN. Pryanishnikov, who served as chairman of the New York branch of the NTS from September 1949 to September 20, 1951, in comments to a block of documents on the “parachute action” of his personal archive, dated January 16, 1988 and transferred to the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), cited excerpts from the “intelligence protocols of 1955—1956”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Considering the protocol of September 2, 1955, he writes: “Paragraph 4 of this protocol states: “The leadership of the NTS represented by Poremsky, Okolovich, Romanov, Artemov, Olgsky, Brandt, Redlich, etc. understands our demands and tries with all honor to obtain the necessary intelligence results... The question of consciousness in the NTS is a difficult issue, because although most of its members understand that financial support for their organization comes from some Western source, they would be horrified if they knew that as a price for this support, their leadership agreed and was under full leadership and control by the CIA and ICI and is forced to carry out all its so-called political activities within our limited framework... “”


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Paragraph 6 of the same protocol states: “The recent split in the STC, which to a certain extent can be attributed to our not quite smart and qualified actions to use NTMs in intelligence activities, as well as increased control over the organization by Western services, has led to the fact that the NTS remains at the head of realistically thinking and loyal leaders, ready to carry out all our exploration missions and recommendations. But care must be taken in this matter not to lead to another split that could leave us alone with the leaders of the NTS and, in fact, without members of the NTS, from where we get our agents.”


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the 1950s, the NTS came under the full control of the CIA.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

To train personnel in Germany, a special Institute for the Study of the USSR was created, and training was also held in special schools in the United States and Great Britain [8].


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Since 1951, the NTS began to conduct so-called “ball actions”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

They consisted in the transfer of propaganda literature to the territory of the USSR with the help of balloons.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Such balloons were launched taking into account the direction of the wind from countries bordering the Soviet Union, for example, Finland.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1957, “ball shares” were curtailed due to their low efficiency.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Since 1953, members of the NTS have been actively involved in the work of Radio Osvobozhdenie (since 1959 — Radio Liberty).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Some members of the NTS, who served time in Gulag camps and were released after 1956, began to actively create groups and were subjected to repression a second time, including D. IN. Brunst and E.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

AND. Divnich, on whose behalf the KGB later published “penitent” books.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Divnich had a group in Vorkuta in 1953-1954, and in 1957-1959 he and Boris Oksyuz (one of the remaining members of the NTS after the German occupation) created the All-Russian People's Labor Union in Yavas, whose participants lived in different cities and which was revealed following a denunciation by the wife of one of them.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

A closed trial of the band members took place in Moscow in 1959.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Since 1955, a significant number of Soviet citizens began to travel abroad for youth festivals, exhibitions, international conferences, etc. Members of the NTS started conversations with them, handed them books, magazines “Posev” and “Grani”, brochures and newspapers.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Especially for Soviet sailors abroad, the NTS published the newspaper “Freedom Watch” (from 1956, in 1981-1987. “Watch”).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The NTS also used fake publications of various Soviet newspapers - for example, under the guise of the Soviet edition of the NTS, in particular, it first published Khrushchev's report at a closed meeting of the 20th Congress of the CPSU.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In October 1956, the NTS convened a meeting of several organizations, which decided to convene the Congress for Rights and Freedom in Russia.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

This congress, with the participation of 80 representatives of various directions of Russian emigration, met in The Hague in April 1957 and put forward 130 “partial demands” to the Soviet authorities (the nomination of more than one candidate in elections, recognition of the right of citizens to form unions, travel abroad, free religious education of children, abolition of registration, opening cooperative publishing houses, rights parents of children, the equation of collective farmers with other citizens in the right to social security, and others).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Since the early 1960s, a new NTS operation, codenamed “Strela”, has become widespread.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Within its framework, NTS members from around the world sent letters with campaign materials (“arrows”) to the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Addressees, as a rule, were selected from telephone directories or periodicals.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The distribution of “arrows” made it possible to establish contacts with opponents of the communist regime in the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

NTS operations were both open and closed.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Open operations (public actions) were carried out in order to draw the attention of the world community to certain facts about life in the Soviet Union, the presence in the USSR of opposition to the Soviet power, as well as to the activities of the STC as an active anti-communist organization.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Public actions carried out during such operations were widely reflected in the foreign press.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Examples of open operations are actions in defense of Sinyavsky and Daniel, General Grigorenko, Academician Sakharov.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Closed operations were aimed at the same purposes, but they were designed mainly for the population of the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

For closed operations behind the Iron Curtain, there were special structures in the NTS (the last of them by the time of creation was the Closed Sector).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The executors of closed operations, both from among emigrants and foreigners, were called “eagles” and “eagles”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The operations themselves were called “Oryol”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

According to Andrey Vasilyev, one of the employees of the Closed Sector, in total, from 1960 to 1990, the NTS conducted 1,097 Oryol operations.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Including: in the USSR — 933; Poland — 80; Czechoslovakia — 59.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

About 500 “connection” operations were also carried out — the transfer of material assistance to people with whom contacts were established: clothes, food, radio and photo equipment for sale, etc.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The main tasks of the “eagles” were the delivery of illegal literature to Soviet citizens associated with the NTS, and the export of samizdat abroad.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The Eagles underwent special training, which included the study of the necessary methods of conspiracy.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

According to the official statement of the leadership of the NTS, cases of failures of the “eagles” were extremely rare.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Nevertheless, several people were detained by the KGB.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Most of them, citizens of other countries, were expelled from the country.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Some, however, have been imprisoned.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Thus, in January 1967, West German student Volker Schaffhauser was arrested.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

He was carrying microfilms with literary materials from the Grani magazine.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

According to the decision of the Leningrad City Court, he was sentenced to 4 years in a maximum security penal colony under 70 Art.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Criminal Code of the RSFSR (“Anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda”).


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

After serving two years in prison, Schaffhauser was exchanged by the Soviet side in February 1969 for Heinz Felfe, who was serving a 14-year sentence in Germany for espionage for the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

On December 23, 1976, Belgian Anton Peipe was arrested and sentenced to 5 years in prison for distributing NTS program materials in front of Leningrad State University.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

After six months of imprisonment, under public pressure, he was released and deported from the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In total, as a result of the Oryol operations and “ball actions”, about 100 million leaflets were transferred to the Soviet Union.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Most of them were seized by the KGB, but some found their addressees.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The publications of the NTS “Posev” and “Grani” published many dissidents from the USSR, in particular, A. Solzhenitsyn, A. Galich, B.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Okudzhava, G. Vladimov et al.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

A characteristic feature of the NTS publications is the coverage in a positive sense of the activities of General A. Vlasov and his followers.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In the postwar years, the NTS, which was previously a white emigrant organization, was replenished with new members, among whom a significant share were former “Vlasovites”, and in the 1970s - the first half of the 1980s and representatives of the so-called. The “third wave” of emigration came from the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Perestroika: gradual de facto legalization in the USSR


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

After their arrest in the summer of 1982, Soviet dissidents Valery Senderov and Rostislav Evdokimov announced to the KGB that they were members of the NTS.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

After being released in early 1987, they were the first open members of the NTS in Russia.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1988, there were already four open members of the NTS in the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Alexander Mazurin, a member of the RK NTS, and Andrey Derevyankin, a member of the STC Council, also announced their membership in the Union.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1987-91. The NTS adhered to both the tactics of developing its own organization of the Union in Russia and fully assisting the emergence of new opposition organizations in the USSR, strengthening and expanding the human rights movement.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In February 1988, Valery Senderov held the first press conference of the NTS in Moscow.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In October 1988, at a 10,000 demonstration at the Lokomotiv Stadium in Leningrad, Rostislav Evdokimov raised the tricolor Russian national flag for the first time in the USSR.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

NTS activists in Russia contributed to the creation of the first opposition parties in the USSR, such as the Russian Christian Democratic Movement and the Democratic Union.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Valery Senderov took an active part in the creation of the RHDD, and Andrey Derevyankin — the Democratic Union.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Both were included in the leadership of these organizations.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The Union did a lot for the emergence of an independent trade union movement in the USSR, in particular, the Independent Trade Union of Miners.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Using the means and printing base of the NTS in Russia, mass circulation of both the literature of the Union and other obscene press was carried out for the first time.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

A number of prominent NTS figures from abroad — Roman Redlikh, Boris Pushkarev, Elizaveta Mirkovich, Boris Miller and others — visited Russia for the first time and met with their supporters in the country.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Congresses, conferences and other intra-Union actions were held for the first time in the historical homeland.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

After the collapse of the USSR


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The prosecution of NTMs has been completely terminated.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Representatives of the NTS come to Russia to give lectures and distribute literature.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

It became possible to subscribe to the magazines “Grani” and “Posev”.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

In 1996 The NTS was registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia as a socio-political movement.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Candidates from the NTS tried to run for the State Duma and local authorities, but almost always to no avail.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

The legalization of STC in Russia contributed to the almost complete loss of interest in this organization on the part of the population.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

Liberals, who previously read Posev and Grani because of the publications of Soviet dissidents in them, were alienated by the rather conservative ideology of this organization (the NTS has not yet condemned the “corporate” ideology of the early years of its existence), and pluralism in the press led to the fact that these magazines began to publish works almost exclusively by NTS activists, while previously they were widely a palette of Russian social thought is presented.


Question: In what year was the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarians organized?

From the point of view of national-patriotic parties, on the contrary, the NTS program looked too sluggish and indecisive.