Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The reorganization of training sessions was led by a former officer of the old army, and at that time deputy People's Commissariat of Military Affairs, General A. Shikhlinsky: “... The reorganization of training units should be carried out on the instructions of my deputy Ali Aga Shikhlinsky” [15].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The residual funding of military institutions was also a fatal omission for the Soviets, as it prompted officers and soldiers to find a better life in civilian institutions and “in the service of the bourgeoisie” ( in other words, to desert) [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Position of the parties


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Ganja (Tsarist Elizavetpol) is located in the very west of Azerbaijan and is a large city.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

His garrison consisted of units of both the 20th Infantry Division and some units of the 1st Azerbaijani Infantry Division.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The fact that Azerbaijani units were concentrated in Ganja was a deliberate action by the Soviet command to reorganize them.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to the new command of the division (Chief S. S. Shevelev, military commissar I. AND. Lezhenin and Chief of Staff Sokolov), in connection with this measure it will be not only “more convenient to observe the units”, but also to provide them with food fodder [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

XI Red Army


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Two rifle regiments (178th and 180th) of the 20th division were stationed in the southeastern (Armenian) district, and the communications battalion and the commandant team of the headquarters of the 3rd brigade of the Taman Cavalry Division were located in the north-western (Muslim) districts of the city.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Units of the 3rd brigade, commanded by Schirmacher, had about 2,000 soldiers with 30 machine guns and one light artillery battalion [3] [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

At a distance of 20 km south-west of Ganja, the 20th Cavalry Brigade (450 sabers) with one mounted battery and 8 machine guns was stationed in the village, and 5-6 km south of the city, in the German colony of Helenendorf there was a division's artillery headquarters and a two-gun battery [3].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Old Azerbaijani army


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

By the time of the uprising, units of the 1st Azerbaijani Infantry Division of the Army of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic had not yet been reorganized according to the Soviet model.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

They consisted of the 3rd Ganja Rifle Regiment, the training team of the 3rd Sheki Cavalry Regiment, one artillery battery and the commandant team of the division headquarters, the total number of which reached 1800 soldiers .


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The commanding staff was also preserved.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

For example, Major General Mammad Mirza Qajar not only served as the head of supply of the division, but until May 20 was even the commandant of the city [3] [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Mutiny


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Preparing for a mutiny


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

They carefully prepared for the uprising.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Central Committee of the AKP (b), Azrevkom and Sergo Ordzhonikidze, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caucasian Front, will subsequently receive a report from Turkish communist Mustafa Subhi.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

This document, entitled “Report on the results of the trip to Ganja”, reported that two weeks before the uprising, a meeting was held at the Shakhmalinsky estate, in Samukh, which was attended by former Prime Minister Nasib bey Usubbekov, Governor-General of Kazakh Uyezd, Interior Minister, Turkish General Nuri Pasha and Kazimbekov.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The reason for collecting them was the preparation for an uprising [16].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On May 23, a new chief of one of the divisions (according to Kadishev, the Azerbaijani division, and according to Darabadi, the 20th division) arrived in the city from the headquarters of the XI Army with a group of command staff [3] [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

It was radically planned to reorganize the management and renew the personnel of the division, which provoked Azerbaijani units to perform [3] [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The rebels organized secret weapons caches in the city in advance.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Armed groups of local residents gathered in the surrounding villages.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Under the leadership of the head of the military garrison, Major General Javad-bey Shikhlinsky and the commander of the Ganja Infantry Regiment, Colonel Jahangir-bey Kazimbekov, a group of military personnel formed an operational plan for an uprising.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The former commandant of Ganja, Major General Mammad Mirza Qajar had to build defensive fortifications around the city and its environs.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

As D. Kazimbekov, the leaders of the uprising, with the help of the surprise factor, planned to quickly disarm the Red Army soldiers in the city, then unite with the Azerbaijani units that were in Karabakh and fought against Armenians and Georgian troops in order to jointly liberate the country.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Officers of the headquarters of the 1st Azerbaijani Division were sent to Georgia and Karabakh, intending to coordinate the upcoming actions.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The 3rd Sheki Cavalry Regiment (commander, Colonel Tokayev) was located in Agdam and Tartar, on which the rebels also pinned hopes [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

In teahouses and local barracks, a rumor was spread through agents that Christians would get the uniforms of Red Army soldiers, while Muslims would allegedly not have a new uniform provide [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

It should be mentioned that the uprising was also preceded by rumors that “the Russians want to regain control over Muslims” [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On the eve of the uprising, an armed group led by Gachag Gambar and Sarah Alakper concentrated 20 km west of Ganja, in the Nyzger district, with significant forces, two field guns and machine guns.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On May 22, a secret meeting was held, at which Colonel D. Kazimbekov agreed with these commanders on the organization of the upcoming actions.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

They consisted in the fact that the commanders of these detachments had to break into the Armenian part of the city and assist the Azerbaijani units in seizing the most important State facilities, such as post offices, telegraph, military depots, etc. [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The situation report of the headquarters of the XI Red Army dated June 1 said that


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

A little later, on June 10, the plenipotentiary representative of the RSFSR in Georgia S. M. Kirov told Lenin: “There is evidence to assume that the performance of the Musavatists of Azerbaijan in Ganja was carefully prepared in Tiflis itself” [18].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to the Great Russian Encyclopedia, some members of the Musavat party made an armed speech [19].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Start of the uprising


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

2-3 hours before the start of the uprising, the commandant of the city learned about the upcoming performance, and therefore it was decided to remove the Azerbaijani soldiers from the guard and cordon off their barracks, but the warning was transmitted only to units 20th Infantry Division [3].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

At 3 o'clock, on the night of May 25-26, Azerbaijani gunners opened fire, but before that, the city's electricity was cut off.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

During the night, the rebels were able to gain a foothold in the Muslim part of Ganja.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

They captured the artillery battery of the 20th Division, arrested and sent to prison many staff workers and Red Army soldiers, including the commander of the 3rd brigade A. G. Schirmacher [4] [3].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Commissioner of the Extraordinary Commissioner of Ganja Province was also imprisoned [20].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

At the same time, prisoners were released and weapons were distributed to the population [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to the Encyclopedia of Civil War and Military Intervention in the USSR, the rebels amounted to 10-12 thousand people with three batteries [1].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

That same night, Muslim clergy called on Muslims to a “holy war” against the power of the Bolsheviks [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

After entering the Armenian part of the city at night, Muslims killed one of the commanders of the Red Army soldiers Kolesnikov and Muslim communists [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Ganja Armenians took the side of the Bolsheviks on the very first day of the uprising.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

They believed, as V. AND. Lenin Behbud Shakhtakhtinsky, that they will be destroyed together with the Red Army soldiers if the rebels succeed [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

German peasants from Helenendorf also provided assistance to the Red Army soldiers [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

While the rebels achieved certain results in the Muslim part of the city, they failed in the Armenian part.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The soldiers of the 3rd Ganja Regiment were driven out of here and left for the Muslim part, and the Ganjacay River, thus, began to separate both sides [3].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The rebels captured the Elisavetpol station, located 3 km north of Ganja, by the end of the day, and its 75-man detachment had to retreat with two machine guns.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Almost the entire city soon fell into the hands of the rebels.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Now they had to unite with the rebels and Georgian troops in order to move further into the interior of the country.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

However, an armored train soon arrived from Kazakh, and with it the head of the 20th division M. D. Giants and with the help of an armored train, he managed to recapture the station, which played a fatal meaning for the rebels [3] [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Mammad Safar Agayev, Commissioner of the Military Department of the Ganja Provincial Committee, distinguished himself in the battles of that day.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

He shot two rebels and wounded several, but he died himself [6].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Surrounded, Staff Commander B.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Morozov organized the defense of the quarter where the headquarters was located and held it until May 31, until the Red Army launched a general offensive [21].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The following days


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

After regrouping units, the cavalry brigade of the 20th Infantry Division on May 27 captured the south-western outskirts of the city, intending to block the rebels from the way to the mountains.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

One regiment of the brigade with a platoon of horse artillery was tasked with bypassing Ganja from the east and north, occupying the north-western outskirts and isolating the enemy.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Meanwhile, the rebels, concentrating significant forces in the northern part of the city, tried to recapture the station, but all their attacks were repelled.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

They dug in vineyards and vegetable gardens along the highway.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Approaching that time, the cavalry regiment of the 20th Infantry Division with a platoon of mounted artillery was tasked with attacking the rebels and they were assisted in this by an armored train that arrived from Baku.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

As a result, the rebels were again driven away from the station.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Throughout the day, the rebels managed to repel 7 attacks of the Red Army soldiers who tried to storm the city [3] [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

In accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the AKP (b) and the Azrevkom, the Council of Workers and Peasants Defense of Azerbaijan was formed, which included N. Narimanov, M. D. Huseynov et al.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

This body has received the broadest powers [6].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Azerbaijani national units of the Red Army, formed by that time, joined the suppression of the uprising [6].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On May 28, the 18th Cavalry Division of P. IN. Kuryshko, who was operatively subordinated to the head of the 20th division M. D. Velikanov, four armored trains, as well as a howitzer division of the 20th Infantry Division from the Georgian border [3].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

In the morning of that day, at 11 o'clock, a fierce battle unfolded on the outskirts of Ganja from the Shamkhor direction.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Led by Colonels Kazimbekov and Gauzen, as well as Captain Mirizade, Azerbaijani units allowed the advanced units of the 18th Cavalry Division (two squadrons) to approach a distance of 600 meters.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

And opening heavy fire from six guns and 22 machine guns, the rebels, supported by rebels and infantry, who struck from the flank, defeated the enemy.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to D. Kazimzade, killed and wounded Red Army soldiers covered the entire battlefield [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On the night of May 28-29, it was reported that Soviet Russia had concluded a peace agreement with Georgia, which the parties signed on May 7, which was a stab in the back for the rebels because they could not now count on external support [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On May 29, units of the Red Army went on the offensive.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The 178th and 179th regiments, having attacked the northern and north-western parts of the city, at 7 o'clock in the morning broke into its outskirts.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Fighting broke out on the city streets.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The rebels launched a decisive counterattack.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Due to the inability to contain the enemy, the railway battalion operating on the left flank of the 178th regiment had to retreat to its original positions.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Both regiments, due to the threat of a strike from the flank, began to withdraw.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Those troops that were attacking from the east, from the Armenian unit, had to stay due to the flooding of the Ganjachay River.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The cavalry of the 18th Cavalry Division, which attacked from the southern and south-western parts of the city, could not complete the task, and after suffering losses, it also had to withdraw.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The 180th Rifle Regiment, with the assistance of Armenian detachments, tried to enter the Azerbaijani part of the city from the east, but this attempt was stopped.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

In the battles of that day, the commander of one of the rebellious battalions, Captain Mirizade, was killed [3] [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The situation report of the headquarters of the XI Red Army dated June 1 said:


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The failures that befell the 29th forced the command of the XI Red Army to urgently pull up additional forces.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

In particular, the 2nd Brigade of the 20th Infantry Division under the command of Voytsekhovsky as part of the 175th and 176th regiments, one light artillery battalion, and an Armenian mountain battery and armored car division from Baku.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

As a result, before the offensive, the Red Army had five rifle and six cavalry regiments, 57 guns, two armored divisions and 6 armored vehicles [3].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Suppression of rebellion


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On May 30, the Red Army occupied the Armenian part of the city.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

At 9 o'clock in the morning on May 31, from the side of the railway station, the Red Army soldiers launched a decisive offensive, which unfolded along the highway.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Now the main blow was carried out by five rifle regiments and detachments against the northern outskirts of the city.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The attack was carried out in two echelons: in the first - 3 regiments, in the second - 2 regiments.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The last two regiments had to build on their success.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The five regiments were supported by all artillery, commanded by the chief of artillery of the 20th Infantry Division L. ME.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Plume, as well as an armored division.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The cavalry was supposed to block the city and block the enemy's retreat routes in the western direction, to the mountains.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The territory on which the fighting unfolded was almost entirely covered with vineyards, which made it difficult to attack.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The clay soil, washed away by rains, greatly hampered the movement of troops and equipment.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Red Army managed to dislodge the rebels from the vineyards and, with the support of all artillery, break into the northern outskirts of Ganja.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Fighting broke out throughout the city.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Red Army units, having broken into detachments, began to clean the city.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The rebels settled in houses and attics.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

At the same time, the rebels offered fierce resistance.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The situation report of the headquarters of the XI Red Army reported: “The rebels stubbornly did not give up their positions” [3] [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On both sides, people showed desperate resistance.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

So, despite his seventeenth wound, but already in these battles, the commander of the 18th Cavalry Division P. IN. Kuryshko, changed his horse to a cart, continuing to lead the actions of the cavalrymen [21].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

As Turkish communist Mustafa Subhi recalled, even women participated in street fighting [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

At the time when street fighting was going on in the city, arrested Red Army soldiers, commanders, staff employees, including the commander of the 3rd Brigade of the 20th Infantry Division A. G. Schirmacher.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The AKP (b) Extraordinary Commissioner for Ganja Province G. Sultanov, accompanied by a group of Bolsheviks and with his help, arrested Red Army soldiers led by A. G. Schirmacher disarmed the guards and, having captured two serviceable machine guns and one gun with ammunition from a nearby weapons workshop, opened fire from the rear [4], significantly accelerating the defeat of the rebels [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

After suffering heavy losses, the rebels began to dissipate quickly and by evening the rebellion was completely suppressed [3].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

As can be seen from the situation report of the XI Red Army of June 1, the rebels had to be knocked out of almost every house with artillery fire [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Later, one of the issues of the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper from 1938 published Seyid Yakubov's memoirs about the role of Sergo Ordzhonikidze in suppressing the rebellion: “In May, an uprising broke out in Ganja Musavatists... The Musavatists dug in the gardens. At this time, Ordzhonikidze is coming to Ganja. He decides to immediately knock the enemy out of the gardens, fill them with grenades. Ordzhonikidze's order was carried out, and, inspired by his presence, the soldiers cleared Ganja of the enemy with a lightning attack...” [22].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The consequences


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

As a result of street fighting, the city was almost completely destroyed, with the exception of the Armenian part [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

To a certain extent, the command of the Red Army is also involved in this.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

M. K. Lewandowski, adhering to the idea that “the most brutal massacres in Ganja, up to the complete destruction of the city, will be able to defuse the entire atmosphere”, ordered Velikanov: “Now I order... begin to destroy block by block and destroy the whole city” (in this place he wrote “to the ground” with his hand); “the suppression of the uprising must be in the nature of the most brutal and ruthless reprisal. For each blood shed of the Red Army soldiers, all participants in the uprising should be shot without any trial” '[9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Disarmament was accompanied, on the one hand, by punitive measures, and on the other hand, by the distribution of landowners to the poor [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Some of the rebels and many residents, with the help of the remnants of the 3rd Ganja Infantry Regiment, were able to break through the encirclement ring and escape from the city, moving to the mountains [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Major General D. Shikhlinsky, who was seriously wounded, was transferred to Tiflis and then to Turkey [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

In connection with the events in Ganja, N. On May 31, when the uprising had already ended, Narimanov published his article “Provocation of Musavat and Dashnaks” [23], which justifies the defeat of the uprising [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Lenin and Stalin received Ordzhonikidze's telegram about the mutiny in Ganja on the same day.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Ordzhonikidze informed in it that the six-day stubborn fighting ended with the suppression of the uprising in the most brutal way [24].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to J.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Baberovsky for Muslims saw Soviet power as the domination of evil gentiles who came to their homeland with fire and sword [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

toll


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

At the very beginning of the uprising, on May 27, a representative of the 20th Infantry Division, Grakhovsky, reported to Kuznetsov, the head of the operational department of the headquarters of the XI Red Army, that “killed and wounded on our part, rumors, about a hundred people, I cannot vouch for this information” [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to the Soviet side, during the fighting, it lost 20 people killed and up to 900 wounded, while the losses of the rebels amounted to more than 1,000 people killed [3].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

P. Darabadi considered the losses of the Red Army soldiers clearly underestimated [4].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Moreover, according to other sources, 1,500 Red Army soldiers and 4,000 Muslims fell in battles [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to the figures given by Rasulzade, 8,000 soldiers were killed, and the number of Muslim victims was 15,000 [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Anti-Bolshevik-minded historian and publicist S. P. Melgunov mentioned 40,000 Muslims killed by the Bolsheviks during the Ganja Uprising (he once emphasized that it was not possible to verify the accuracy of all the materials he collected) [25].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

It should be noted that there were few Bolsheviks in the ranks of the XI Red Army (for example, the entire Army in July 1920 consisted of only 25.1% Communists; by December 1, the 20th Rifle Division had 9,605 cash, but there were 22.5 communists per 100 people [26]).


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Russian historian A. A. Kirillina drew attention to the fact that the total number of rebels reached 12 thousand people, and if they were all shot during the suppression of the rebellion, it could not amount to 40 thousand, and during the battles losses were suffered by both sides and it is currently impossible to give the number of deaths [27].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The situation with the civilian population


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

During the suppression of the uprising, M. K. Lewandowski on May 29 held talks with the head of the 20th division M. D. Velikanov, pointing out to him: “Do not touch only women and children” [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

However, the suppression has led to civilian casualties.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Melnikov, infantry inspector of the XI Red Army, reported to Ordzhonikidze the following on the social basis of the uprising: “the contingent of rebels made up almost the entire Muslim population: there were cases when even women fired rifles, then, during searches, some found revolvers in the folds of their dresses. Even one, as one Red Army soldier told me, was found near a machine gun on the roof” [28].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

German historian J.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Baberovsky finds only this reason that the Red Army did not spare women and children [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to [29], the Bolsheviks slaughtered 15,000 Muslims, including children and women, during the capture of the city.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Nobody looked at the age and gender of the victims.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Many Muslims tried to find shelter in basements and gardens, where the corpses of women and children were found for many days [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Soldiers looted, robbing the shops of Muslim merchants and depriving residents of furniture and household utensils, and Armenians eager for revenge showed the Red Army soldiers the way to the houses of the “bourgeoisie” [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Attempts by Armenian militias to rob the enemy and “especially... to stage a massacre” were thwarted [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The June 7 report of Inspector of the XI Red Army Melnikov, which was sent to Ordzhonikidze, said that the Armenians were afraid of the Red Army soldiers and therefore the massacre failed, they “only arrested Muslims and escorted them to us” [30].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

In order not to “create a provocation”, when disarming the rebels, it was necessary to separate the Armenian communists from the Azerbaijani communists [9].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

M. Subhi in his report addressed to the Central Committee of the AKP (b), Azrevky and member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caucasian Front G. Ordzhonikidze, described in detail the picture of what happened:


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Subhi tried to reason and persuade the Red Army to convey to the Red Army that these actions were harmful, but they told him that every soldier had the right to collect military “trophies” [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Further developments


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

More than 12,000 Muslims were arrested, of which 8,000 were released and 4,000 were shot [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Among those shot were 6 generals, 6 colonels, 3 majors and 7 captains.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Most of them were shot as part of a group of 79 people on Nargin Island.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Several hundred people were executed by order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Republic G. Sultanova [31].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

But among the officers were those who not only survived, but also worked in state bodies in the future.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Thus, officer Kafar Babayev, who participated in the uprising, became the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Nakhichevan ASSR [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

By order of the command of the XI Red Army, control over potential hotbeds of the uprising throughout the republic was significantly strengthened.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

An order was given to seize weapons from the population, and shoot those who refused to hand them over on the spot.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Those who voluntarily surrendered weapons were awarded a reward [32].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

In the collective memory of residents of the city, the name of the People's Commissar Sultanov, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his services in suppressing the rebellion, remained synonymous with betrayal [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On June 8, the Revolutionary Military Council of the XI Red Army instructed the heads of divisions to use peaceful means to suppress the riots [33].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

However, the armed resistance of the Soviet authorities, despite the statements of the Ganja Executive Committee about the beginning of complete Sovietization of the district and class differentiation, did not end.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Already on June 2, Ordzhonikidze told the Politburo in Moscow that Muslim peasants had rebelled throughout the territory of Ganja province.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to him, the population was armed to the teeth.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Despite having four divisions numbering 20,000 soldiers at his disposal, he did not consider it possible to hold Azerbaijan [17].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Ganja rebellion of 1920 led to a chain reaction of regional uprisings throughout the republic, such as the June uprisings, in Shusha under the leadership of Nuri Pasha and in Zagatala under the leadership of Molla Hafiz Efendiyev.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Since September 1920, new waves of anti-Soviet rebellions swept the Azerbaijani regions: Cuba (together with Dagestan), Karabulag, Shamkhor and Lankaran.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Although these unrest continued until 1924, none of them surpassed Ganja in terms of strength and significance.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

memento


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On June 9, 1920, the Ganja Uyezd Revolutionary Committee (chairman Ibrahim Aliyev) decided to rename Vorontsovskaya Street into Kanoga Street in honor of the room of the 3rd Regiment of the 20th Division, who died in this place during the suppression of the uprising [34].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The issue of perpetuating the memory of the fallen Red Army soldiers of the 20th Infantry Division was raised before the Presidium of the All-Azerbaijan CEC and Azrevki were to allocate 100 million rubles, due to which in Ganja would erect a monument to the heroes of the XI Red Army.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Sovietization of Armenia and Georgia slowed down this matter.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Only on January 17, 1923, M. B.


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Kasumov ordered to give a task to draw up an estimate for the construction of the monument [35].


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Notes


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Literature


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category:Military history of Azerbaijan


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category:Anti-Soviet resistance


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category:Uprisings during the Russian Civil War


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category:1920 in Azerbaijan


Question: After the Ganja rebellion, how many Muslims were arrested?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category: May 1920


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Anathema (Greek: excommunication” from - “lay, impose” [1]) - originally - sacrifice to the gods on this vow, dedication to the deity; later - separation (someone from the community), expulsion, curse.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

It has several meanings in Russian:


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Excommunication of a Christian from communion with the faithful and from the sacraments, used as the highest church punishment for serious transgressions (primarily for betrayal of Orthodoxy and evasion of heresy or schism) and conciliarly proclaimed [2].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Solemn public renunciation of their previous religious delusions in the Rite of those united from gentiles to the Orthodox Church [3].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Curse (deprecated) [4].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In Russian vernacular, it was used as an abusive word [5]; it has a derivative adjective anathemic, which is practically not used in modern speech.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

According to the Orthodox Encyclopedia (2000), “church anathema (or great excommunication) should not be confused with “excommunication”, which is the temporary exclusion of a Christian from the church communities with a ban on participating in ordinances and (for clergymen) from holding church posts. Sometimes also called “minor excommunication”, it, unlike anathema, punishes lesser offenses, such as theft, fornication, participation in church office by bribe, etc., not requires a conciliar decision and does not need a conciliar proclamation for entry into force” [2].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Church law considers anathema as a form of punishment in the form of deprivation of “the rights and benefits at the exclusive disposal of the Church”, applicable only to church members [6] [7].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Origin of the term


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In ancient authors (Homer, Sophocles, Herodotus), it meant “something dedicated to God; a gift, an offering to the temple”, that is, alien to everyday use.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the Septuagint, it was used to convey the Hebrew term Hebrew: Herem is something damned, rejected by people and doomed to destruction (,,,,,,,).


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the Synodal translation of the Old Testament, it is translated by the term sworn.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the New Testament, the word “anathema” is used several times by the Apostle Paul:


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the Greek original, this word also appears in the Book of Acts, albeit in a different translation:


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The word “anathema” in this case is translated as “oath”.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

At the same time, Paul considers the established synagogue meaning of anathema and does not use it when it comes to condemning Corinthian incest, showing that Christian excommunication is something different from the Old Testament term Herem.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the New Testament, the word anathema appears six times: twice in the above epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, twice in his epistle to the Galatians (), once in the book of Acts, and once in Paul The Romans.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

John Chrysostom in the 16th Talk on the Epistle of the Apostle Paul to the Romans to the question “What is anathema?” answers - “anathema, that is, let him be excommunicated from everyone and be a stranger to everyone.”


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Socrates Scholastik, in his Church History, gives the following definition of anathema: “This is how we Christians usually call a sentence against a blasphemer when we declare our opinion to everyone, exposing it as would be on a pole” [8].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The apostolic rules do not use the word anathema, replacing it with the indication “let him be excommunicated from church communion.”


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Bishop John (Sokolov) of Smolensk, in his interpretation of the 10th Apostolic Rule, writes:


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Church excommunication in the rules and ancient customs of the Church had three degrees:


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

excommunication from the Holy Mysteries, without depriving church prayers and spiritual fellowship of the faithful;


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

not only depriving the Holy Mysteries, but also the prayers and spiritual fellowship of the faithful;


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

perfect excommunication, or expulsion from the society of Christians itself with the deprivation of all, not only spiritual, but also external communication with them: anathema [9].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The term anathema was first used in the canons of the Elvir Cathedral (early 4th century), and the canonical formula “if anyone... let there be anathema” was finally established in the canons after the Gangra Council (ca. 340 years) [2].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The most notorious cases of anathematization


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Anathema before the separation of the church in 1054


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The word anathema came into use since the 4th century (Laodicea and Elvira cathedrals) and became dominant in church practice since the Council of Chalcedon (451).


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The traditional form of anathematization is: “Let the name be anathema.”


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

325: Anathema to Arianism at the First Ecumenical Council.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

341: At the Council of Antioch, eighty-seven prelates gathered anathematized Athanasius the Great.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In turn, Athanasius anathematized the prelates who condemned him.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Afanasius was excommunicated twice by Pope Liberia.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Both Pope Liberia and Athanasius the Great were later canonized.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

518: Patriarch John II of Constantinople confirmed the resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon and anathematized Bishop Sevirus of Antioch, the distributor of the Eutychian heresy.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

536: anathema to Julian of Halicarnassus.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

633: At the V Council of Toledo, anathema is anathema to all those who sought the royal rank, without rights by origin, as well as “cursed the sovereign” [10].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

680: Agathon (Pope) anathematized the leader of the monophelites, Patriarch Macarius I of Antioch, as well as the late Patriarchs of Constantinople Sergius, Pyrrhus, Paul, Peter and Pope Honorius I; which were anathematized by the Sixth Ecumenical Council.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

754: anathema of icon veneration at the iconoclastic cathedral in Constantinople — John of Damascus was anathematized four times, but the VII Ecumenical Council confirmed the correctness of his teachings.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

843: The Council of Constantinople anathematized iconoclasm [11].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

878: Pope John VIII anathematized Patriarch Photius.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1054: Patriarch Michael Kirulary of Constantinople and Cardinal Humbert, legate of Pope Leo IX, anathematized each other.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the Russian Church


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the Orthodox (Greek) liturgical tradition, since 843, there has been a special rite of the Triumph of Orthodoxy (Following the Week of Orthodoxy, otherwise Synodikon), performed on the first Week (Sunday) Great Lent is the annual proclamation of the dogmas of faith, anathema to heresies and heretics, eternal memory to the dead and many years to the living faithful.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In Russia, the rite of the Triumph of Orthodoxy was introduced in the 14th century on the basis of the Greek synodikon, first adding the names of “new heretics”, such as Cassian, Archimandrite of the Yuriev Monastery, and others.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In 1766, the Holy Synod approved a new version of “Following the Week of Orthodoxy” (published in 1767), which is mandatory for all dioceses.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The rite began to be performed only by diocesan bishops in cathedrals.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

At the same time, anathema was included in the number of anathematisms to those who think, “as Orthodoxy rulers are enthroned not out of God's special favor for them and when the gift of the Holy One is anointed The spirit for the passage of this great title does not pour out into them.”


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In 1801, the rank of anathematization was reduced: it now listed only the heresies themselves, without mentioning the names of heretics, and only Grigory Otrepiev and Ivan were left from the names of state criminals Mazepa.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The later synodal version of 1869 contained 12 general anathematisms: all names were omitted, and the 11th anathematism inserted a general phrase about “daring rebellion and treason” against “Orthodox rulers” .


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

According to the definition of the Synod of April 2—4, 1902 No. 1495, in all churches of rural and urban (not cathedrals), they began to perform the “Following moleben singing for the conversion of the lost, week of Orthodoxy and in other cases” — without anathematisms.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the practice of the modern Moscow Patriarchate, apparently, since 1919 [12], anathematization [13] has been omitted; they are committed completely with certain additions in the Russian Orthodox Church abroad [14] [15].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the Russian Kingdom of the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as in the Russian Empire of the 18th century, anathematized not only criminals against faith and the Church, but also state criminals.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Anathema often led to civil punishment.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Some cases of anathematization in the Russian Church:


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1329: Metropolitan Theognost of Kiev and All Russia visited Novgorod and, at the insistence of Grand Duke John Danilovich, excommunicated Prince Alexander Mikhailovich of Tver, who did not want to go to the Horde for trial Khan, and Pskov residents who took his side.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1375: stritholers


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Under Metropolitans of Moscow and All Russia Zosima in 1490 and Simon in 1504, the heresy of those waiting was condemned and anathematized at the Councils.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

After that, the heretics were brutally executed.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1604: Grigory Otrepiev


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1654: Timofey Ankudinov is exposed as an impostor and executed (quartered) in Moscow.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

He was anathematized and included in the list of anathematized during the Week of Orthodoxy until the reign of Emperor Paul I.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1656: The two-finger sign of the cross was condemned at the Council.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

However, in 1929 and 1971, the Russian Church lifted this condemnation, and recognized the old Russian rituals, including dual-finger rituals, as equal new and salutary (see below).


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Councils April 29, 1666 and November 1666 — May 1667 (the latter under the chairmanship of Patriarch Joasaph II of Moscow and with the participation of patriarchs: Paisios of Alexandria and Macarius of Antioch on May 13, 1667) — Old Believers schismatics [16].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1671: Stepan Razin


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1690: The Council, chaired by Patriarch Joachim, anathematized the “bakery heresy”, condemned Senka Medvedev's works to be burned and banned the reading of many works by South Russian scientists. who are unanimous with the Pope and the Western Church.”


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1708: Ivan Mazepa


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1713—1723: “iconoclast” Dmitry Tveritinov brought to trial and anathematized


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1775: Yemelyan Pugachev (anathema lifted before execution [17]).


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1806, 1812: Napoleon I (Bonaparte)


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1901: Definition of the Holy Synod stating that Count Leo Tolstoy fell away from the church (cf. The Holy Synod's definition of Count Leo Tolstoy).


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

At the same time, Tolstoy was not officially anathema [18].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1918: His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon anathematized those who commit “bloody massacres” (beating “innocent people and even lying on the bed of illness”, committed “with unprecedented audacity and ruthless cruelty, without any judgment and with violation of all law and legality”), “if only you still bear Christian names and although you belong to the Orthodox Church by birth” [19].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1932: “Freemasons, occultists, spiritualists, psychics, sorcerers and everyone who does not believe in the One God, but honor demons and humbly betray their lives not to God, but by the arcane call of demons, the future eager to learn Anathema!” - from the rite of the Triumph of Orthodoxy, adopted by the Council of Bishops of ROCOR on August 15/28, 1932.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

December 30, 1959: The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, chaired by Patriarch Alexy I, issued a resolution (Journal No. 23): “Former Archpriest and Former Professor of Leningrad Theological Academy Alexander Osipov, former Archpriest Nikolai Spassky and former clergyman Pavel Darmansky and other clergymen who publicly blasphemed the name of God, are considered erupted from priesthood and deprived of any church communion <... > Evgraf Duluman and other former Orthodox laity who blasphemed the Name of God, should be excommunicated from the Church” [20].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1970: The Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia proclaimed an anathema to Lenin [21].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1983: The Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia proclaimed an anathema to supporters of ecumenism [22].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1993: On October 1, due to the aggravation of the political conflict, Patriarch Alexy II and the Holy Synod declared an anathema to those who dare to shed innocent blood [23].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

In the 1994 Resolution of the Council of Bishops, the Russian Orthodox Church used the wording “[themselves] excommunicated themselves from the Orthodox Church” in relation to followers of pagan, theosophical, occult “sects” and new religious movements [24].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

This wording goes back to the Definition of 1901 according to Leo Tolstoy: “he rejected himself from all communion with the Orthodox Church.”


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1997: Gleb Yakunin [25], Filaret (Denisenko) [26].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

2009: The Diocesan Council of the Pskov Diocese (without mentioning the name of the ruling diocesan bishop, who, according to the canons and regulatory documents of the Russian Orthodox Church, has the right to impose penalties) decided excommunicate journalist Oleg Dementyev from the church “in connection with the ongoing vile slander and satanic lies against the inhabitants of the Spaso-Eleazarov Monastery and, in particular, Abbess Elizabeth (Belyaeva)” [27] [28], creating a precedent for using the provisions of paragraph 3 of Chapter XV of the “Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church” [29] [30] (the decision to excommunicate Dementyev by the Pskov Diocese cannot enter into legal force until approval by the Patriarch — in accordance with the Charter of the Russian Orthodox Church (paragraph 5 of Chapter VII) [31] and the Regulations on the Church Court (paragraph 4 of Article 47) [32]).


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The lifting of anathema in Orthodoxy


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

According to the authors of the Orthodox Encyclopedia (2000; the direct author of the article is K. A. Maksimovich), the anathema can be lifted — subject to repentance by the anathematized person — the body that imposed it; it can also be lifted posthumously, in which case all types of commemoration are allowed deceased [2] [33].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

However, the only known removal of the conciliar anathema from the practice of the Russian Church is the decision to withdraw the oaths of the Moscow Cathedral in 1667 against those who adhere to the “old rituals”, recorded in The Synodal definition of 1929 (“we destroy and destroy and as we are not sane”) [34] and approved by the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1971 [35] — occurred on the initiative of the hierarchy The Russian Orthodox Church and without any repentance from anathematized or even any requests from the latter.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow, anathematized by the legitimate and glorified Russian Orthodox Church among saints Metropolitan Cyprian of Kiev for anti-church activities, was without any procedure for lifting the anathema glorified as a saint by the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1988 [36].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

The well-known mutual lifting of anathemas by Patriarch Athenagor of Constantinople and Pope Paul VI in 1964 in Jerusalem took place on the basis of a mutual political agreement.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Restoration in church communion of former Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church Filaret Denisenko, anathematized by the Moscow Patriarchate, committed as part of consideration of the appeal by the Synod of Constantinople Patriarchate in October 2018, was not recognized by the Moscow Patriarchate.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

At the Catholic Church


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1080 — Pope Gregory VII anathematizes Emperor Henry IV for the second time


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

ca.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

mid-11th century — John Ital, Byzantine philosopher of the 11th century


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1179 — Nihilism anathematized by Pope Alexander III


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1281 — Martin IV (Pope) anathematizes the Byzantine Emperor Michael Paleologos as a heretic and schismatic.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1411 — Jan Hus


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1415 — The Pope anathematizes the city of Zatec


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1466 — King Jiri (George) of Bohemia was anathematized by Pope Paul II and deposed.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1453 — Joan of Arc, burned, later acquitted and canonized in 1920


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1497 — Savonarola, Girolamo is excommunicated by Pope Alexander VI


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1521 — Martin Luther


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1541 Henry VIII is excommunicated from the Catholic Church


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1600 — Giordano Bruno, burned.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1738 — Masons


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1865 — Pope Pius IX, author of Syllabus, a List of the Most Important Misconceptions of Our Time, anathematized pantheism, naturalism, rationalism, socialism, communism, secret societies, biblical societies, principles of freedom of conscience and separation of Church and state, opposing the Church State, considering Protestantism to be one of the Churches, etc.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1897 - Leo Taxil, writer, critic of clericalism [37].


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

1962 — Fidel Castro is excommunicated by Pope John XXIII [38] [39]


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Since 1983, the Roman Catholic Church no longer uses the term anathema after the adoption of the new Code of Canon Law.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Notes


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

See also


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Anathema to Hetman Mazepa


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Excommunication


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Penance


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Herem


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Literature


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

References


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Kuprin A. AND.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

in Everything2


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Eastern Orthodox view by St.


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

John Maximovitz


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

by Theophan the Recluse


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Category:Anathema


Question: What is anathema?

Anathema

Category:Ranks


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The Gaidamak () is a wooden screw sailing clipper of the Baltic Fleet and the Siberian Military Flotilla of the Imperial Russian Navy, built in Northfleet at the Pitcher Shipyard.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

It belonged to the second series of Russian clippers, the so-called “foreign construction”.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

“Haidamak” was put into operation for the year.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

He made three trips to the Russian Far East, and also participated in the “Expedition of the Russian Navy to the Shores of North America”.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

He took part in the study of the Far East - participated in compiling a description of the East, America, Anadyr bays, Provideniya Bay; clarified the map of the mouth of the Anadyr River; opened the one named in his honor bay.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Together with the schooner Vostok, he marked the beginning of the fight against illegal extraction by foreign vessels of marine biological resources in the Far Eastern waters of Russia.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Returning to the Baltic, from 1882 to 1886, the Gaidamak was used as a blockchain, and was excluded from the fleet lists for a year.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Construction and testing


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

As part of the implementation of the shipbuilding program of 1857, Acting Agent for the Orders of the Naval Ministry, Lieutenant A. A. Peschurov on the proposal of Count E.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

IN. On March 2, 1859, Putyatin signed a contract with the Pitcher Shipyard for the construction of a steam clipper for the Russian Imperial Navy.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

A. A. Peschurov was also appointed to oversee its construction.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Construction began in the same month.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The clipper was built according to Russian drawings.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Engineer Pitcher, the head of the shipyard, acted as the ship builder [1] [2].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On October 22, 1859, the clipper under construction was enrolled in the lists of the Baltic Fleet under the name “Gaidamak”.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On March 28, 1860, Lieutenant A. A. Peschurov was appointed commander of the clipper.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Midshipman Kolokoltsov from the 7th Naval Crew was sent to watch the construction of the clipper.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In March 1860, the crew, artillery pieces and equipment for the Haidamak arrived on the steamer Mina in London [1] [3].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On September 4, 1860, a solemn ceremony of launching the clipper took place in the presence of Count E.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

IN. Putyatin, engineer Pitcher and A. A. Peschurova.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

For completion and final finishing, the clipper was moved to the docks.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On October 17, A. A. Peschurov was promoted to the rank of lieutenant commander.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On December 19, the clipper traveled to the mouth of the Thames for a measured mile.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

During the tests, the Gaydamak reached a speed of 12 knots.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In the evening of the same day, the clipper returned to prepare for the transition, according to the order of the Minister of the Navy - “to go to the Far East without entering Kronstadt.”


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The acceptance certificate was signed by A. A. Peshchurov on December 20, on the same day, St. Andrew's flag and pennant were raised on the Haidamak.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Bad weather delayed the delivery of supplies and gunpowder from London until December 28.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On December 29, Gaydamak went to Plymouth [1] [2] [4].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Design


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The displacement of the clipper was 1094 tons.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The length along the upper deck was 64.9 meters, and along the waterline 61 meters.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The width along the midsection was 9.3 meters, the maximum with the skin was 9.6 meters.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The average draft is 4.5 meters.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The body was built of oak with pine, teak and elm.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The propulsion was sails and one two-blade propeller in a special lifting frame, driven by a 250-horsepower steam engine [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Three smoothbore muzzle-loading 60-pound guns No. 1 “bombing” and four small rifled amphibious guns were in service [5].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

According to the staffing table, the clipper team consisted of 1 staff officer, 5 chief officers, 11 non-commissioned officers, 1 officer of the corps of naval navigators, 2 conductors of the naval artillery corps, 1 corps officer mechanical engineers of the fleet, 2 conductors of the corps of mechanical engineers of the fleet, 4 midshipmen and cadets, 121 privates, 1 non-combatant officer, 4 fin workers, 1 clergyman — a total of 154 people [6].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Service


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

First voyage to the Far East


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Lieutenant Commander Alexey Peschurov (commander)


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Lieutenant Kovalevsky (senior officer)


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Lieutenant Kolokoltsov (Chief of the Watch)


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

lieutenant Yuri Svinyin


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

midshipman Wrangel


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

midshipman Menshikov


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

corps of naval navigators, warrant officer Alexander Pashinnikov


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Corps of Mechanical Engineers of the Fleet Warrant Officer Svensolemetsky


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Zinevki (ship's doctor)


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

midshipman Pyotr Durnovo


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

midshipman Mikhail Verkhovsky


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

conductor Sagitov


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

conductor Nedovic


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Hieromonk Venedikt of Novgorod Khutyn Monastery


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On December 31, 1860, the clipper traveled from England through South America to the Russian Far East [4].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The team consisted of 8 officers, 4 midshipmen and conductors, 139 lower ranks, a doctor and a priest.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

After a full 27 days without stopping, on the night of January 27-28, 1861, the clipper entered Porto Grande Bay (São Vicente Island).


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Even on the way to Mindel, when lifting the propeller, midshipman Verkhovsky fell overboard, conductor Sagitov rushed into the water after him, a little later both sailors were picked up, and A. A. Peschurov noted Sagitov's act as “a rare example of dedication” [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On January 29, Gaydamak left for Rio de Janeiro.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On February 6, the clipper crossed the equator line, and the next day the propeller with part of the frame was lost as it was raised.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On February 19, the clipper arrived in Rio de Janeiro under sail.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

For the refurbishment of frame A. A. Peschurov contacted the owner of the local plant Meyers.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The correction of the frame cost 1200 rubles, it was ready by March 16.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

After installing a frame and a spare collapsible propeller, on March 18, the clipper left the raid and traveled across the Indian Ocean to Batavia (now Jakarta).


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The transition was 56 days.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Coal loading in Batavia continued until May 16.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The next day, Gaydamak left for Hong Kong, where it arrived on May 31.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

After taking 153 tons of coal and replenishing supplies, the clipper headed for Shanghai on June 4.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In Shanghai, A. A. Peschurov made a number of official visits and received an order from the squadron commander in the China Sea, Rear Admiral I. F. Likhachev to go to Novgorod Harbor and take a firewall post.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The transition to the Far East was overshadowed by the death of midshipman Menshikov and non-commissioned officer Nedovich from “yellow tremens” [7] [8] [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In July 1861, on the instructions of Lieutenant Colonel V. M. Babakin, the clipper's crew spent more than a month in Peter the Great Bay, exploring and describing in detail the water area.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

During the work in Vostok Bay, a new bay convenient for berthing ships was discovered, which Alexey Alekseevich named after his ship - Gaidamak.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Also in the bay were described and named: in honor of navigator officer A. A. Pashnikov Cape Pashnikov is the northeastern entrance cape of Srednyaya Bay and the southern tip of the peninsula, separating Srednyaya Bay from Vostok Bay in Vostok Bay; in honor of the clipper commander, Cape Peschurov — western cape of Vostok Bay; Cape Pushkin (now Pushchina) is the southeastern cape of Srednyaya Bay [9].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On July 15, Gaydamak entered Wrangel Bay for examination [10].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On July 17, the Gaidamachik steam boat from the clipper was sent back to Gaydamak Bay for further study, and the Gaidamak itself remained three more days conducting research.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On July 20, research continued in America Bay (now Nakhodka Bay) and Nakhodka Bay.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Standing in the bay, A. A. Peshchurov noted: “The time will come, God willing, in our lifetime, when the current silence will be replaced by thousands of sounds that will merge into the continuous dull noise of the commercial port” [11].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

After making a series of astronomical observations, on July 24, the clipper went to Vostok Bay to pick up a boat there.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

At the entrance to the bay, sailors opened a previously undescribed cape - due to the bizarre shape and unusual color of A. A. Peschurov called it the Cape of Red Cliffs (now Cape Podosyonov).


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

When the boat moored to “Haidamak”, the navigator officer reported that a calm harbor was found in the western part of Gaydamak Bay.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

It was decided to name it by steam boat - Gaidamachik, currently the village of Yuzhno-Morskaya is located on the shore of the bay.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

For another two days, work was underway in the bay, and the boat with the inventory reached Srednyaya Bay.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On July 26, a detachment of surveyor non-commissioned officer P. Kudrin, who did on the instructions of Lieutenant Colonel V. M. Babkin topographic survey from Vladivostok to Wrangel Bay.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Having passed on some of his research data, A. A. Peshchurov received from Kudrin a survey of the area with mountain ranges and rivers, as well as marked aboriginal fanzes.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On the same day, Gaydamak proceeded to Novgorod Harbor [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

As a result of this expedition, an atlas of maps was compiled “Vostok Bay with a Part of the Coast from this Bay to America Bay and Gaydamak Harbor”.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Then, heading to Nikolaevsk (now Nikolayevsk-on-Amur), the clipper visited the bays of St. Olga (now Olga Bay) and De-Kastri (now Chikhachev Bay).


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In Nikolaevsk, Peschurov received an order to deliver Archbishop Innocent of Kamchatka, Kuril and Aleutian to the port of Peter and Paul (now Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky).


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On August 22, Gaydamak approached Due to replenish its coal reserve.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Coal was loaded in an open raid for six days.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On August 28, the loading was over, and everyone was preparing to leave, but under the onslaught of the wind, which gained the strength of the storm, the anchor rope burst and the clipper began to drag to the rocks.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The quickly given second anchor did not save the situation, and the ship continued to drag.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Then the commander ordered the sails to be set and directed the clipper to the nearest gentle shoal.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

During this incident, the propeller and steering wheel were lost.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On September 1, the America corvette steamer approached the clipper with Rear Admiral I. F. Likhachev on board, who inspected the Gaydamak [4].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In September, the military governor of the Primorsky Region sent the Japonets and Manjur transports to help, which delivered new instructions to Lieutenant Commander A. A. Peshchurov, as well as provisions, winter clothes for the clipper's team and building materials.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Also, military engineer staff captain Ovseenko and ship engineer Lieutenant Titov arrived at the scene of the accident on the Manjur to assess the situation [6].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On September 20, “America” again approached the clipper, and on the 22nd an attempt was made to pull the Haydamak aground, but bad weather did not allow the completion of this operation, and “America” with His Eminence Innocent left the bay on board [6] [12].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Due to unsuccessful attempts to release the clipper, by order of the Maritime Ministry, Gaidamak was excluded from the lists of the Baltic Fleet [1] and ways to disarm it and the possibility of disarming it were considered use as a warehouse, but the squadron chief Rear Admiral A. A. Popov ordered to keep the clipper.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

From that moment on, the clipper began to be prepared for the upcoming wintering.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The team also stayed on site for the winter, bringing personal and public belongings to Douai.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

From October 21 to October 24, the clipper was dragged ashore with the help of spires installed on the shore [7] [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

By the spring of 1862, the afterstem was corrected, and the clipper itself began to be prepared for clean water.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In May, Gaidamak was enlisted in the Siberian Flotilla.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On May 10, the clipper “Abrek” arrived with Rear Admiral A. A. Popov on board, on May 12, Kalevala and Yaponets.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

By May 29, preparatory work was completed, and divers from the Abrek and Kalevala found and lifted the lost propeller.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On May 29, the withdrawal of the clipper began with the help of “Kalevala”, “Abrek” and “Japanese”.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The first attempts were unsuccessful.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On May 30, attempts resumed with the help of America, which approached the night before.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The clipper succumbed, and the injured “Haidamak” was dragged from the aground.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In honor of the successful rescue of the clipper, Archbishop Innokenty served a prayer service on the shore and installed an Orthodox wooden cross “in memory of the deliverance of Russian sailors from terrible danger” [12].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On the night of May 31 to June 1, America towed Haydamak to the Douai raid.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On June 3, we finished hanging the steering wheel feather on the clipper.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On June 5, America, accompanied by the gunboat Walrus, took him to De-Kastri.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Then, in America, things were delivered there from Douai [4].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On June 14, Rear Admiral A. A. Popov convened a meeting at Haidamak, during which it was decided to carry out a thorough repair of the clipper at the docks of Shanghai.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

After preparatory work, completed by mid-July, the clipper was sent under tow and sails to the repair site, accompanied by the Abrek.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On June 19, on the way to Shanghai, the clipper delivered to Japan, the flag captain appointed under the squadron chief Rear Admiral A. A. Popov, Lieutenant Commander D. S. Arsenyeva.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On August 30, “Haidamak” was put into the dock.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

After inspecting the damage and drawing up a work plan, docking began on September 6.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

By October 9, the hull work was completed, and by October 11, a new propeller lifting frame was adjusted and installed.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On October 12, the clipper was taken out of the dock [8] [13] [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

After the caulking of the decks and painting, sea trials began on October 19.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The sample of the machine revealed a number of minor malfunctions, which were fixed in a day.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The next day's sea trials showed the excellent working condition of the main mechanisms.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On October 30, the clipper left Shanghai for Nagasaki to join the squadron (Bogatyr (flagship), Kalevala, Rynda, Novik, Walrus, Sakhalin).


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On November 14, “Gaydamak” was sent to Hong Kong, where the British squadron arrived.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On November 27, Novik entered Manila, from which they handed over to Gaydamak a sealed package from the squadron commander and an order to go there.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

However, A. A. Peshchurov stayed in the port watching the British ships, and went to sea only on December 20.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Upon arrival in Manila on December 24, the commanders of the two ships met again and opened their packages, ordered to conduct reconnaissance in the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea, as well as in other areas Indochina [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Since January 1863, Gaydamak served along the Philippine Islands and the Sulu Archipelago in order to study a possible theater of operations [13].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On January 7, Novik ran aground, and Haidamak helped him withdraw from it [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Then “Gaydamak” and “Novik” visited the Kingdom of Siam, thereby becoming the first ships of the Russian Empire to visit this country.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The ships entered the mouth of the Chao Phraya River.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In Bangkok, Russian officers were received by King Ram IV of Siam and handed over an envelope with royal business cards for the Russian Emperor.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

This visit marked the beginning of friendly relations between Russia and Siam (later Thailand) [14].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On January 22, Long Bay on Tabias Island was marked as closed and quite deep-water and spacious.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

For two days, the ships measured the depths and conducted artillery exercises with the landing.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On January 26, the ships arrived in Manila.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

They then moved to Saigon, where they stayed from February 7 to February 18.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

During the stay in Saigon, the clipper by order of the head of the Pacific Squadron A. A. Popova joined the service of midshipman K. M. Stanyukovich said.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Watching the conquest of Indochina by the French, later Konstantin Stanyukovich wrote the story “Around the World on the Kite”, where he described his impressions of what he saw.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Then the commanders of the ships went to Hong Kong to report to Rear Admiral Popov.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Having received new orders, A. A. Peschurov moved to Shanghai with a clipper.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In May, Rear Admiral Popov moved his braid pennant to the Gaidamak and went on it to Hakodate, after which he bypassed the ports of Primorye and arrived in Nikolaevsk to meet with the commander of the Siberian Flotilla Counter- Admiral P. IN. Kazakevich.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On July 8, the Maritime Ministry received an order from N. K. Crabbe “Immediately concentrate all forces in order to immediately direct them to the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of the enemy upon receiving news of the opening of hostilities.”


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On July 13, 1863, the Gaidamak was officially expelled from the Siberian Flotilla and restored to the lists of the Baltic Fleet.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On August 18, the clipper returned to Nikolaevsk after an inspection trip to the ports of Primorye.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Upon arrival, he was immediately prepared for a long crossing, as a secret instruction was received to concentrate Rear Admiral Popov's squadron off the Pacific coast of the North American States [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The first expedition of the Russian fleet to the shores of North America


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Academician R. AND. Ivanov celebrated this expedition of the Russian fleet as follows [15]:


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

The squadron of Rear Admiral A. A. Popov entered: “Gaidamak” (Lieutenant Commander A. A. Peschurov [4]), “Bogatyr” (captain of the 2nd rank P. A. Chebyshev [4], since September 29 (took office 03.10.1863) K. G. Skryplev [16]), Kalevala (Lieutenant Commander F. N. Zheltukhin [16], since 1864 Lieutenant Commander Carnellan [17] [18] [19]), Rynda (Captain 2nd Rank G. P. Sfursa-Zhirkevich [20], since November 21, 1862, Lieutenant V. G. Basargin [16]), “Novik” (Lieutenant Commander K. G. Skryplev [21] on the night of September 14-15, the ship crashed on the approach to San Francisco, later K. G. Skryplev was appointed A. A. Popov commander of the Bogatyr corvette), Abrek (captain of the 2nd rank K. P. Pilkin [16] [22]).


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Later in history, this campaign was called the “expedition of the Russian fleet to the shores of North America”.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

According to the instructions, in the event of military intervention of England in the Polish conflict and the outbreak of hostilities with the British Empire, the ships were to operate on British trade lines in the Pacific Ocean for harming their maritime trade and attacking the British colonies [23] [24].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Also, the ships of the squadron were ordered to provide military assistance to the administration of A. Lincoln when there is a threat to the naval forces of the southerners:


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

In particular, the greatest threat was assumed to come from the CSS Alabama and CSS Sumter ships [25].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On August 18, the Novik was the first to leave Hakodate for San Francisco, but crashed in fog near Cape de los Reyes on September 14 [23].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Gaydamak left Nikolaevsk on August 24 and came to San Francisco on September 19 [1].


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Two days later, the Bogatyr came under the flag of Rear Admiral A. A. Popova.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On September 24, Kalevala came from Honolulu.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

Rynda and Abrek came in a week.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

By September 29, all the ships of the squadron were already in the roadstead.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

On October 11, crews of ships participated in extinguishing the largest fire, which in its strength, scale and consequences had no analogues in the history of the city.


Question: Who was the first captain on the Baltic Fleet clipper Gaidamak?

Gaydamak (clipper)

A note was made in the shkhanechny (onboard) magazine of Haidamak: “They sent the entire first watch ashore to extinguish the fire” [24].