Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is surrounded on all sides by a colonnade: 7 columns on the short side and 11 on the long side.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Samnite palestra


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

According to the dedicatory inscription, it was built by Duumvir Vivius Vinicius in the second half of the 2nd century BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

On three sides, it was surrounded by a portico, on the south side there was a pedestal where the award ceremonies were held, and utility rooms were attached on the west side.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Due to its small size, by the era of Augustus, it ceased to accommodate everyone, after which the Great Palestra was built.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Temple of Isis


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the center of the courtyard, surrounded by a portico with Corinthian columns, on a high plinth stood the temple of Isis at the end of the 2nd century BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

, restored after the earthquake of 62 on behalf of 6-year-old Popidius Celsius by his father Popidius Ampliat, who thus hoped to contribute to his son's future political career.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The facade of the temple is decorated with a portico with 4 columns in width and 2 columns in depth.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

On the sides were niches with statues of Anubis and Garpokrat.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There was also a container of water from the Nile in the temple.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Meilichia Temple of Jupiter


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The temple was built in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

and dedicated to Zeus, but was rebuilt and handed over to the cult of Jupiter in the 80s BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is identical in shape to the temple of Isis, but has a deeper inner sanctuary.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is made of tuff, faced with marble.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

According to another hypothesis, based on some findings on the territory of the temple, it was dedicated to Asclepius.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Quadriportic


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The quadriportic (square with a portico) served as a place where the audience of theaters gathered before the performance and during intermissions.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

After the earthquake of 62, which destroyed the gladiator barracks in the northern part of the city, a quadriportic was adapted for the barracks.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Weapons were found here, now stored in the National Museum of Naples.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Bolshoi Theatre


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The Bolshoi Theater, which became the cultural center of the city, was built in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

, using a natural slope to accommodate seats for spectators.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Under Augustus, the theater was expanded by architect Mark Artorius at the expense of Mark Olconius Ruf and Mark Olconius Zeler by creating a superstructure above ground level that supports the upper rows of seats.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

As a result, it has become able to accommodate up to 5,000 spectators.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It could have been covered with a canopy: the rings for it have survived to this day.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The lower few rows (ima cavea) were intended for noble citizens.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Two balconies above the side entrances, also built by Mark Artorius, for priestesses and organizers of performances.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The stage was decorated with columns, cornices and statues dating back to the age of 62.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Maly Theatre


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Odeon built in 80 BC


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Duumvir Mark Portius and Quinkt Valg, was covered with a four-pitched tiled roof.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The 4 lower rows were separated from the upper 17 by a high parapet, from which the left (relative to the stage) part was preserved.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The theater could accommodate about 1,500 spectators, and musical performances and comedies were held on its stage [11].


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Amphitheater and Great Palaestra


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The amphitheater, which could accommodate 20,000 spectators, was built around 80 BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

at the same time as the small theater by the same duumvir.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It measures 135 by 104 m and is currently the oldest known amphitheater.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It differs from the rest in that the entrances to it were located in the upper part of the auditorium, as well as the lack of basements: gladiators entered the arena through the corridor directly from the street.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The wounded and killed were carried out through the second corridor.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The seats for spectators (cavea) were divided into three levels: the first (ima), closest to the arena, included 5 rows of steps and was intended for noble spectators.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The second level (media) consisted of 12 rows, the third (summa) of 18.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The uppermost part, separated from other zones, to which its own stairs led, has been intended for women since Augustus's time.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

From above, the amphitheater could be covered with an awning that protected the audience from the sun and rain.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The Great Palestra was built during the Roman era, when the Samnite Palace ceased to meet the needs of the growing city.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It was intended for gymnastic exercises and sports events.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It was an area of 130 by 140 m, surrounded on three sides by a portico with Ionic columns.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The fourth side overlooked the amphitheater, where there were entrances to Palestine, destroyed by the earthquake of 62 and restored using the opus latericium technique.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the center there was a pool (37 by 4 m) with a depth of 1 m in the west to 3 m in the east.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the southern part there are toilets that are cleaned by the pool water.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The northern wall collapsed in the disaster of 79 and was restored by archaeologists.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

A Christian cryptogram was found on one of the columns.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Therme


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Stabieva Therme


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The largest, oldest and best preserved thermal baths in the city, built in the 3rd century BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The thermal complex was located around a large trapezoidal peristyle of the palestra with a treadmill and a 15x8x1.5 m swimming pool [12].


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Nearby were rooms for rubbing oil and sand (for wrestling).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The walls of the palestra are decorated in the fourth style, and figures of Zeus, Hercules and Satyr have been preserved.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The men's baths had an entrance both from the street and from the palace.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

At first, the person who entered fell into the apodyteria — a locker room with vaults decorated with frescoes of the Flavian era (cupids, bacchae, trophies), marble seats and niches for storing clothes.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

This was followed by a tepidarium (warm baths), to the left of which was a frigidarium, a hall with a cold water pool.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Behind the tepidarium was a caldarium with a hot water pool and a cold water tank.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The women's baths did not have a frigidarium (the cold water pool was in the locker room), but included a laconic steam room, like a sauna.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Between the baths there were stoves with cold, hot and very hot water.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Forum terms


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The smallest, however, are the most elegant baths of Pompeii.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

They were intended mainly for visitors to the city, and not its residents.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Built by Duumvir Lucius Cesium in the 1st century BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The entrance from Forum Street led to the palestra of the men's section.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

From there, as well as from Therme Street, you could go to the apodytheria, from there to the frigidarium or to the tepidarium and then to the caldarium with two baths.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The women's department consisted only of a changing room, tepidarium and caldarium, as well as a small indoor garden.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Frescoes, such as the “Atlanta” tepidarium, have been preserved on the walls.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

An interesting frigidarium is reminiscent of a Renaissance baptistery.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Central Baths


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

They were laid immediately after the earthquake of 62 AD.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

, but by 79, the pool was never completed, and the portico of the palestra had not even begun.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The pipes through which water was supplied already existed, but the furnaces were never stacked.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

We had a full set of halls, but only in one copy (without dividing into men's and women's departments).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Suburban thermal baths


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

They were located 100 meters behind the Sea Gate on an artificial terrace.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Because of their position, they were found and looted in ancient times.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

An interesting feature is the large windows with sea views.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The pools are decorated with frescoes depicting waterfalls and mountain caves, as well as mosaics.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

However, the baths were best known for 16 erotic frescoes in the fourth style (including the only known ancient Roman image of lesbian sex) found in the early 1990s in apodytheria.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Their presence gave rise to the hypothesis that a lupanarium functioned in the building on the second floor, which, however, is rejected by archaeologists who studied the baths, and most historians.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Lupanarium


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Lupanary, however, was present in the city.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It was discovered in 1862 and has been restored several times since then.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The last restoration was completed in 2006 [13], the penultimate in 1949.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is a two-story building with five cubicles (bedrooms) on each floor.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the hallway, the ceiling walls are covered with erotic frescoes.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the cubicles of the lower floor there are stone lodges (covered with mattresses) and graffiti on the walls [14] [15].


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In addition to the lupanaria, there were at least 25 solitary rooms in the city intended for prostitution, often located above wine shops.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The cost of this type of service in Pompeii was 2-8 asses.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The staff was mainly represented by slaves of Greek or Eastern origin.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Production buildings


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Providing food


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In Pompeii, 34 bakeries were discovered that fully met the needs of citizens and exported their products to neighboring settlements.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The most famous are the Popidia Prisca bakery and the bakery on Stabij Street, which has 5 hand mills.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There are two types of millstones: one fixed conical (meta), the other in the shape of an hourglass without a bottom and lid (catillus), worn on top of it.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Grain was poured into the cavity of the upper trough, and it was driven by slaves or oxen.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Millstones are made of volcanic rocks.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Many bakeries did not have bread counters, either supplying it in bulk, carrying it home or selling it on the street by hand.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pompeii also produced garum fish sauce, which was sold in large quantities to other cities.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

A whole workshop for its preparation has been excavated, in which amphoras for transporting the product have been preserved.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The technology consisted of the following: fish, cleaned of bones and ground, was kept in salt (sea) water for several weeks.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Greens, spices, wine were often added to it.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

They were seasoned with a wide variety of dishes.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pompeii developed a system of thermopolies (89 establishments in total), which supplied people with hot food and allowed them to refuse to cook it at home (many houses in Pompeii did not have a kitchen).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Crafts


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

One of the most important crafts in the city was the production of woolen fabrics.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Found 13 wool processing shops, 7 spinning and weaving workshops, 9 dyeing shops.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The most important production stage was felting wool, which was carried out in ancient Rome with fullones.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The features of the technology also allowed them to wash the clothes of citizens.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The most widely known Pompeian cloth shop Stefania, a residential building rebuilt into a workshop.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Fullons rolled and washed the wool of the animal's sweat and dirt in egg-shaped vats, of which Stephanie had three.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Dirty clothes were also cleaned there.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Soda or urine that stood for 1-2 weeks was used as a detergent, which saponified the fat in the tissue.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

A container for collecting urine, for example, was located in the Evmachia building at the Forum.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Throwing wool or very dirty cloth into the vat, Fullon trampled on it with his feet (saltus fullonicus is the fullon dance, as Seneca called the process).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Then the wool and fabric had to be thoroughly rinsed in large containers, of which Stefania also had three.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Relatively clean and delicate items in his cloth shop were washed in the former impluvia of his Tuscan atrium.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In addition, there were containers for bleaching and painting things in the cloth room.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Clothes were also ironed here, and there was even a special press for tunics.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In another cloth shop (there are 18 of them in Pompeii), located on Mercury Street, frescoes were found that shed light on the entire technological process of fullon [16].


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Dwelling houses


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The originals of most of the works of ancient Roman art (frescoes, mosaics) are exhibited at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There are copies in the houses themselves.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

House of the Tragic Poet


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is a typical Roman house from the 2nd century BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

and is famous for its mosaic floors and frescoes depicting scenes from Greek mythology.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is located opposite the Forum thermal baths.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is named after the mosaic laid out in the floor of the rehearsal of the tragic performance.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

At the entrance to the house there is a mosaic with the image of a dog and the inscription “” (“Watch out for the dog”).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There were retail premises on the sides of the entrance.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The walls of the atrium were decorated with images of Zeus and Hera, scenes from the Iliad.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The frescoes have been moved to the Archaeological Museum of Naples.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Surgeon's House


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

One of the oldest Pompeian residential buildings, built in the 4th-3rd centuries BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It got its name due to the fact that numerous surgical instruments were found in it [17].


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The facade is made of limestone blocks, the inner walls are made using the opus africanum technique (vertical structures made of alternating vertical and horizontal blocks stacked on top of each other, between with which the wall was laid out with smaller stones or bricks).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Frescoes in the first and fourth styles have been preserved.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Faun's House


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

With an area of 3,000 m² between four insulu streets (40 by 110 m), this rich house is the most luxurious house in Pompeii.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The Faun's house belonged to the Cassius family.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

But there are also versions that it was built for Publius Sulla, the nephew of the conqueror of the city, who put him at the head of Pompeii.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

On the threshold of the main entrance to the house there is a mosaic inscription “HAVE” (hello) [17], from here you could go to the Etruscan (Tuscan) atrium, which has preserved impluvius to this day (a shallow collection pool rainwater) with a rich geometric inlay of multicolored marble and a figurine of a dancing Faun that gave the house its name.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Small mosaic panels are built into the floors of living rooms.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The second entrance was located to the east and led to the second, tetrastylny (with a roof supported by 4 columns), atrium, apparently intended for guests.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There were several shops along the facade of the house.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the same part, utility rooms and rooms where outsiders were allowed were concentrated.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The peristyle with columns was intended for guests and people who came on visits.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There are also two peristyles: small and large.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

To the east of the small peristyle there were utility rooms: a pantry, kitchens and small private baths.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

From the large peristyle, an emergency exit led to the street.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Between the peristyles were triclinia and a living room with the famous mosaic depicting the battle of Alexander the Great with Darius III.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Vettii House


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

A small but richly decorated house that belonged to freedmen merchants Avl Vettius Konviva and Avl Vettius Restitut.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The wall painting is made after 62 in the fourth style.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Through the entrance and lobby, where the famous fresco depicting Priap is located, you can enter the atrium, the walls of which are decorated with friezes with cupids and psyche.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The two wings of the atrium are decorated with medallions with the head of Medusa and Silen (right) and a fresco with fighting roosters (left).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Another entrance leads here from the street through outbuildings.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

On the right is a second small atrium with a lararium (a separate sanctuary).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The peristyle, rectangular in plan, is perpendicular to the direction of the main entrance.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is decorated with Doric columns and wall paintings.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The peristyle has been completely restored, even the flower beds have been recreated in the remaining traces.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Triclinium opens into the peristyle, the walls of which are painted with cupids imitating people's activities.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

You can see scenes of trade, chariot racing, metal processing, weaving, grape harvesting, celebrations.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There are also a large number of frescoes illustrating episodes of myths, images of gods.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the hall to the left of the peristyle is a young Hercules suffocating a serpent.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Gilded Cupids House


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The graffiti on the wall of the house calls it the owner of Poppey Abito, a relative of Poppea, Nero's second wife.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Peristyle was probably used for theatrical performances: one of the colonnades is raised like a stage.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Medallions and masks were suspended between the columns.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The peristyle garden is filled with busts and bas-reliefs, in its northern part there is a lararium, in the southern part there is the sanctuary of Isis.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The tables and triclinia are decorated with frescoes based on Greek myths.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Disks with cupids on golden leaves are inserted into the wall of one of the rooms.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Menander House


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

A large house (1800 m²), which included baths, stables, retail premises.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Atrius was painted with hunting scenes and landscapes.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the living room facing the atrium, there are scenes of the fall of Troy.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In one of the peristyle niches, there is a well-preserved image of Menander, from whom the whole house got its name.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In 1930, more than a hundred silver household items and a large number of coins were found in the basement.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Lorey Tiburtin House


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The entrance to the house is in a niche, with two benches in front of the door.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There are two retail premises on either side of the entrance.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The murals in the atrium remained unfinished.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The rooms have false windows with painted views of the garden.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Diana's home sanctuary overlooks the peristyle.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It occupied almost all insulin, but most of its area is reserved for a garden with canals and fountains.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The place at the end of the canal closest to the house is reserved for the summer triclinium.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There are frescoes depicting Piram, Thisba and Narcissus, signed by Lucius pinxit (depicted by Lucius).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The house was explored in 1916—1921 by V. Spinazzola.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It got its name from two campaign slogans found on the walls of the building: one called for voting for Lorey and the other for Tiburtin.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The owner of the house was Octavius Quartio, whose bronze seal was found in it.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Some historians prefer to call the house “the house of Octavius Quartio” [18].


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Moralista House and Pinaria Ceriale House


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The moralist's house is not far from the house of Lorey Tiburtin.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is named so because of the inscriptions in the summer triclinia (white on black):


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Keep your feet clean and do not stain your laundry and bed,


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Respect women and avoid making lewd language,


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Refrain from anger and fights.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

At the end, the conclusion: “Otherwise, go back to your home.”


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pinaria Ceriale's house, which belonged to a jeweler, is located next door.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

During his excavations, more than a hundred precious stones were found.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Julia Felix's house


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It occupies one of the largest insulin in the city, but only a third of it is built up, 2/3 is a garden.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Part of the house with bath rooms was rented out.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Hercules Garden House (Perfumer's House)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It was a relatively small house.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The entrance led to a corridor, on the sides of which there were two cubicles and which ended in an atrium.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Behind the atrium there were several more rooms and a huge garden, laid out in the 1st century BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

there are 5 similar houses on the site.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The garden housed a lararium with a statue of Hercules, from which the whole house got its name.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It was excavated in 1953-1954, but only in 1972-1974, as a result of research by employees of the University of Maryland [19], it was found that the garden was intended for growing plants, of which perfumes and incense oils were produced.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Perhaps garlands of flowers were also made here.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

As a result of these studies, the house received its middle name — Perfumer's House


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

City fortifications


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The walls of Pompeii have a length of 3220 m, they have 7 gates (the existence of the eighth is controversial).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

They were built along its entire perimeter as early as the 6th-5th centuries BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

(then most of the fortified area was not yet built up, but occupied by gardens and vegetable gardens) made of limestone and tuff, filled with earth inside.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Under Samnite domination, an embankment was made on the inside, allowing defenders to climb to the top of the walls and providing them with additional strength.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the 3rd century BC


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

this mound is reinforced with stone.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Twelve towers on the most vulnerable northern and eastern sides were added in the 2nd and early 1st centuries BC.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The Herculan (or Salt) Gate was completely rebuilt in the era of Augustus, losing its protective functions and becoming more like a three-span triumphal arch.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Between them and the Vesuvian Gate, damage caused by Sulla's siege weapons can be seen on the city wall.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Water supply


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pompeii has experienced problems with water supply since ancient times.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Groundwater was located under the city at a depth of almost 39 meters, so although the wells existed, they were few.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Part of the solution to the problem was facilitated by the presence of an impluvia in almost every house - a pool for collecting rainwater, but only an aqueduct built during the time of Augustus was able to put an end to the lack of water mostly underground), which delivered water to Pompeii from the springs in Serino in the amount of about 6,500 m³/day.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The aqueduct led to a reservoir (castellum aquae), located at the Vesuvian Gate at the highest point of the city (42 m above sea level).


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The round tank has a diameter of 6 m and is covered with a dome from above.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It is located in a quadrangular building decorated with three arches on the south side.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Only the wealthiest citizens were connected to the water supply system, the rest collected water from fountains (42 have been found at the moment) located in different parts of the city.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

From the reservoir at the Vesuvian Gate, water entered the city through three lead pipes with a diameter of 30 cm: the first was intended for fountains, the second for baths and the third for private properties.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

If there was a lack of water, the last two pipes could be blocked.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Villas behind Herculan Gate


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Villa Diomede


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It was located on a slope, so at the ground floor level of the living quarters, grouped around the atrium and peristyle, there was a terrace surrounding a large park.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Towers rose along its edges, from which you could admire the sea.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In the center of the park there was a swimming pool, next to it there was a summer triclinium for outdoor lunches.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

There is a wine cellar in the cellars under the gallery.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The entrance to the villa led directly into the peristyle, to the left of which was a second small peristyle and bath rooms.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Through the tables, it was possible to enter the covered terrace, which served as a triclinia, from where you could see the sea.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It was studied in 1771—1774, attributed to Arrius Diomede, whose tomb is located opposite the entrance.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Twenty bodies of those killed in the eruption were found in the villa, including women and children, 18 of them in the basement [20], two at the door leading from the garden to the sea; one of them was found carrying a gold ring, a silver key and 1356 sesterces.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Mystery Villa


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

It was founded in the 2nd century BC. e.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

, after which it expanded several times, in particular in 60 BC. e.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The main entrance was facing the road leading from the Gate of Herculan.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Currently, it is not fully disclosed, so the entrance to the villa is from the sea side.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Along the road, there were agricultural premises, including a room with a grape press.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The entrance, so wide that a wagon could pass through it, led to peristyle.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

To the south-east of it was a courtyard with a lararium and a tetrastyle atrium, from which it was possible to get to the baths.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

On the south-west side, the Tuscan atrium joined the peristyle, from which, as well as partially peristyle, doors led to numerous rooms decorated with frescoes in the second and third styles.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The villa was opened to the sea by a rotunda terrace with two porticos on the sides.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The tabinum that connects the Tuscan atrium with the rotunda has preserved frescoes with Egyptian motifs.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The villa is named after the widely known frescoes in one of the rooms south of the atrius, which, according to the most common version, depicts the initiation into the Dionysian mysteries, according to the other, the rite weddings [17] [20].


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Panorama


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pompeii in art


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The Empire style was largely influenced by Roman finds from Pompeii.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Astronomy


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pompey's asteroid 203, discovered on September 25, 1879 by the German-American astronomer K. G. F. Peters at the Clinton Observatory, USA


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Movie


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“The Last Day of Pompeii” (Gli ultimi giorni di Pompeii, 1926)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The Last Days of Pompeii (Italy-Germany, 1959)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii (UK, 1972)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The Last Days of Pompeii (USA, UK, Italy, 1984)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pompeii (Italy, 2007)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“The Naked Drummer” (Vesuvies, with the song Pompeii Nights, 2008)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“The Lights of Pompeii (Doctor Who)” (UK series release, 2008)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pompeii (USA, Germany, 2014)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pompeii: Apocalypse Pompeii (USA, 2014)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Pompeii: New Secrets Revealed with Mary Beard (UK, BBC, 2016)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

The Brilliance and Glory of Ancient Rome, Episode 2: Pompeii — Ruins of an Empire (documentary, Korea, 2013)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Computer games


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In Darkest of Days (2010), the last level takes place in Pompeii during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In TimeScape: Journey to Pompeii (2000) (developed by DreamCatcher Interactive Inc.), the plot takes place in Pompeii before and during the destruction.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

In Painkiller: Overdose, the scene of the first level is also the city of Pompeii, which is being destroyed by a volcanic eruption.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Painting


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“The Last Day of Pompeii” — painting by Karl Bryullov


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

At the beginning of the 19th century, the garden of the Munich Residence was decorated in the third style of painting from Pompeii.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

At the beginning of the 18th century, images from frescoes from Herculaneum and Pompeii even adorned fans [21].


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Literature


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Impressed by Bryullov's painting “The Last Day of Pompeii”, Edward Bulwer-Lytton wrote the novel “The Last Days of Pompeii”.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“Vesuvius opened the pharynx” — Pushkin's poem


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Theophile Gautier's novel “Arria Marcella”


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Robert Harris's novel “Pompeii”


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Eugenia Tur's novel “The Last Days of Pompeii”


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

music


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Live at Pompeii is a concert film by Pink Floyd, shot at the Pompeii Amphitheater (1972);


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“The Last Day of Pompeii” is a song by Stigmata;


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“Pompeii” is a song by E.S. Posthumus;


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“Cities in Dust” is a song by Siouxsie and the Banshees


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“The Last Day of Pompeii” is a song by Escalada;


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“Pompeii” is a song by Bastille.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

“The burning of Rome (Cry For Pompeii)” is a song by Virgin Steele.


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Museums


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Getty Villa Museum Malibu


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

See also


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Herculaneum


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Stabia


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Oplontis


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Notes


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Literature


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

References


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

(in English)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

(in English)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

(in English)


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Category:Pompeii


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Category:Oski


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Category:Destroyed cities


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Category:Extinct cities in Europe


Question: Who was Herculaneum founded?

Pompeii

Category:Cities of Ancient Rome


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

Any citizen of the Philippines who is at least 40 years of age and has lived in the Republic for at least 10 years may be elected President.


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

Elected by direct popular vote for one six-year term together with the Vice-President.


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

Before taking office, the President takes a solemn oath:


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

The President may terminate the exercise of his powers in the event of his death, permanent loss of legal capacity, removal from power or voluntary resignation.


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

The incumbent President does not have the right to hold any position other than the one for which he is elected.


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

Powers


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

- nominates and appoints heads of administrative authorities, ministers, ambassadors, consuls, officers;


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

- exercises executive power in the country and controls all its authorities;


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

- is a guarantor of law enforcement;


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

- is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the country;


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

- affects the trial in any instance and in any phase of its passage;


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

- grants amnesty (with the support of Congress) and pardon;


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

- makes external loans and provides guarantees for them;


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

- concludes international treaties and agreements on behalf of the Republic.


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

List of presidents of the Philippines


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

See also


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

List of Prime Ministers of the Philippines


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

References


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

in the Philippines dictionary


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines


Question: Who was the first President of the Republic of the Philippines?

List of presidents of the Philippines

Phillipines


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battles, operations and battles of the Great Patriotic War

This article contains an approximate list of battles, operations and battles that took place in the theater of operations of the Great Patriotic War and the Soviet-Japanese War between June 22, 1941 and September 1 1945 years.


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Long surgeries


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Leningrad (July 10, 1941 — August 9, 1944) [1]


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle for Moscow (September 30, 1941 — April 20, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Rzhev (January 8, 1942 — March 31, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

The Soviet-Finnish War (1941—1944) — aka Karelian Campaign


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 — February 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle for the Caucasus (July 25, 1942 — October 9, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Cross-Border Battles (June 22—30, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Baltic Defensive Operation (June 22 — July 9, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Bialystok-Minsk (June 22 — July 8, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Defensive operation in Western Ukraine (June 22 — July 6, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Dubno — Lutsk — Brody (1941) (June 23—29, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Hanko Defence (June 22 — December 2, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Defensive operation in Moldova (June 22 — July 26, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Mogilev Defence — Defense of Mogilev (July 3—26, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Vitebsk (1941) (July 6—10, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kiev Operation (1941) — Defense of Kiev (July 7 — September 26, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Uman (end of July — August 8, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Smolensk (1941) (July 10 — September 10, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Yelninsky Operation (1941) (August 30 — September 8, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tiraspol-Melitopol Defensive Operation (July 27 — September 28, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tallinn Defence (1941) (August 4 — 28, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Defense of Dnepropetrovsk (August 12 — September 29, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Odessa Defense (1941) (August 5 — October 16, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Moonsund Defensive Operation 1941 (September 6 — October 22, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Crimean Defensive Operation (1941) (September 12 — November 20, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Donbas-Rostov Strategic Defensive Operation (September 29 — November 16, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Donbass Operation (1941) (September 29 — November 4, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rostov Defensive Operation (November 5—16, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Sumsko-Kharkov defensive operation (September 30 — November 30, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Defense of Sevastopol (1941—1942) (October 30, 1941 — July 4, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rostov Offensive (1941) (November 17 — December 2, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kerch-Feodosia landing operation (December 26, 1941 — January 2, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Karelia and the Arctic


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Strategic defensive operation in the Arctic and Karelia (June 29, 1941 — October 10, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Defence of the Arctic Region (June 29, 1941 — October 29, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Murmansk Defensive Operation 1941 (June 29 — October 10, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Medvezhyegorsk Offensive 1942 (January 3—10, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kesteng Offensive 1942 (April 24 — May 11, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Murmansk Offensive 1942 (April 28 — May 13, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation (October 7—29, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Leningrad (July 10, 1941 — August 9, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Siege of Leningrad (September 8, 1941 — January 27, 1944) (872 days)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Leningrad Defensive Operation (July 10 — September 30, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

1st Sinyavino Operation (September 10—26, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

2nd Sinyavino Operation (October 20-28, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Strelninsko-Peterhof Operation (October 5—10, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tikhvin Defensive Operation (1941) (October 16 — November 18, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tikhvin Offensive (1941) (November 10 — December 30, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Luban Operation (1942) (January 7 — April 30, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Operation to withdraw from the encirclement of the 2 shock army (May 13 — July 10, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Sinyavino Operation (1942) (August 19 — October 10, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Operation Iskra — Breaking the Siege of Leningrad (January 12—30, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Operation Polar Star (February 10 — April 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Krasnoborsk operation (February 10-27 and March 19 — April 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Demyan Operation (1943) (February 15—28, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Old Russian Operation (March 4—19, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Operation Mga (1943) (July 22 — August 22, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Leningrad-Novgorod Operation (January 14 — March 1, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Krasnoselsko-Ropsha operation (January 14-30, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Novgorod-Luga Operation (January 14 — February 15, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kingisepp-Gdov Operation (February 1 — March 1, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Starorussko-Novorzhevskaya Operation (February 18 — March 1, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle for Moscow (September 30, 1941 — January 7, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Oryol—Bryansk Operation (1941) (September 30 — October 23, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Vyazemsky Operation (1941) (October 2—13, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kalinin Defensive Operation (1941) (October 10 — December 4, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Mozhaisk-Maloyaroslavets Operation (1941) (October 10—30, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tula Defensive Operation (October 24 — December 5, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Klinsko-Solnechnogorsk Defensive Operation (November 15 — December 5, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Naro-Fominsk Operation (December 1—5, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kalinin Offensive (December 5, 1941 — January 7, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Klinsko-Solnechnogorsk Offensive (December 6—26, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tula Offensive (December 6—16, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Yelets Offensive (December 6—16, 1941)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kaluga Offensive (December 17, 1941 — January 5, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Belyevsko-Kozel Offensive (December 20, 1941 — January 5, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kursk-Oboyan Operation (December 20, 1941 — January 26, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Demyansk Operation (1942) (January 7 — May 25, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Bolkhov operation (January 8 — April 20, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Toropetsk-Kholm Operation (1942) (January 9 — February 6, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Crimean Front Offensive (January 14 — April 12, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Barvenkov—Lozova operation (January 18—31, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kerch disaster (May 8—19, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kharkiv Operation (1942) (May 12—28, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Voronezh-Voroshilovgrad Operation (1942) (June 28 — July 24, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Donbass Defensive Operation (1942) (July 7—24, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

The counterattack of the left wing of the Western Front in the Sukhinichi and Kozelsk area (Sukhinich-Kozel operation) (August 22-29, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Velikiye Luki Operation (November 24, 1942 — January 20, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Rzhev


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Rzhev (January 8, 1942 — March 31, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rzhev-Vyazemsky Operation (1942) (January 8 — April 20, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Sychyov-Vyazemsky Operation (1942) (January 8 — April 20, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Vyazemsky Airborne Operation (February 18—28, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kholm-Zhirkov Defensive Operation (1942) (July 2-23, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

The first Rzhev-Sychev operation (July 30 — October 1, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

The Second Rzhev-Sychev Operation (Operation Mars) (November 25 — December 20, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rzhev-Vyazemsky Operation (1943) (March 2—31, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Stalingrad


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Operation Uranus (November 19, 1942 — February 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kotelnikov operation (December 12—24, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Middle Don Operation (December 16—30, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Operation Koltso (January 10 — February 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle for Caucasus'42


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Armavir-Maykop operation (1942) (August 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Novorossiysk Operation (1942) (August 19 — September 26, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Mozdok-Malgobek operation (1942) (September 1-28, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tuapse Operation 1942 (September 25 — December 20, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Nalchik-Ordzhonikidze Operation (October 25 — November 12, 1942)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Voronezh-Kharkov Offensive (January 13 — March 3, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Millerovo-Voroshilovgrad Offensive (January 1 — February 22, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Ostrogozh—Rossoshansky operation (January 13—27, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Voronezh—Kastornenskaya Operation (1943) (January 24 — February 17, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Voroshilovgrad Operation (1943) (January 29 — February 18, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kharkiv Offensive (1943) (February 2 — March 3, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Maloarkhangelsk Operation (February 5 — March 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rostov Operation (1943) (January 1—February 18, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Zhizdrinsky operation (February 22 — March 23, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Dmitriev-Sevskaya operation (February 25 — March 28, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kharkov Defensive Operation (February 19 — March 19, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rylsko-Sumy Operation (March 4—28, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Air operation of the Red Army Air Force to destroy German aircraft at airfields in May 1943 (May 6-8, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Miusskaya Operation (July 17 — August 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Izyum-Barvenkovsky Offensive (July 17—27, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle for the Caucasus'43


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

North Caucasus Operation (1943) (January 1 — February 4, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rostov Operation (1943) (January 1 — February 18, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Krasnodar Operation (February 9 — May 24, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kuban Air Battles (1943) (April 17 — June 7, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Novorossiysk-Taman Operation (September 9 — October 9, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Novorossiysk Airborne Operation (September 10—16, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Kursk


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Kursk (July 5 — August 23, 1943):


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kursk Strategic Defensive Operation (July 5—23, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Oryol Strategic Offensive Operation Kutuzov (July 12 — August 18, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Belgorod-Kharkov strategic offensive “Rumyantsev” (August 3—23, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle of Prokhorovka (July 12, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Smolensk Operation (1943) (August 7 — October 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Spas-Demenskaya Operation (August 7—20, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Yelninsko-Dorogobuzh Operation (August 28 — September 6, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Dukhovshinsko-Demidov Operation (September 14 — October 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Smolensk-Roslavl Operation (September 15 — October 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Donbass Operation (1943) (August 13 — September 22, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Battle for the Dnieper (August 26 — December 23, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Chernihiv—Poltava operation (August 26 — September 30, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Chernigov-Pripyat operation (August 26 — September 30, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Sumsko-Priluksky Operation (1943) (August 26 — September 30, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Poltava-Kremenchug operation (August 26 — September 30, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Dnieper Airborne Operation (September 24 — November 28, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Lower Dnieper Operation (September 26 — December 20, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Melitopol Operation (September 26 — November 5, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Zaporizhzhya Operation (1943) (October 10—14, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Pyatikhat operation (October 15 — November 23, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Dnipropetrovsk operation (October 23 — December 23, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Znamenskaya Operation (November 20 — December 23, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kiev Offensive (1943) (November 3—13, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kiev Defensive Operation (1943) (November 13 — December 22, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Bryansk operation (September 1 — October 3, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Nevelsk Operation (1943) (October 6—10, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Orsha operation (October 12 — December 2, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kerch-Eltigen Airborne Operation (October 31 — December 11, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Gomel-Rechitsa Operation (1943) (November 10—30, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Gorodok Operation (December 13—31, 1943)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Offensive on Right-Bank Ukraine


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Soviet Offensive on Right-Bank Ukraine (Dnieper-Carpathian Operation) (December 24, 1943 — April 17, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Zhitomir-Berdichev operation (December 24, 1943 — January 14, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kirovograd operation (January 5 — 16, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Korsun-Shevchenko operation (January 24 — February 17, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rivne-Lutsk operation (January 27 — February 11, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Nikopol-Krivoy Rog operation (January 30 — February 29, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Proskurov—Chernivtsi operation (March 4 — April 17, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Uman-Botoshan operation (March 5 — April 7, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Bereznegovato-Snigirev operation (March 6 — 18, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Polesie Operation (March 15 — April 5, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Odessa Offensive (March 26 — April 14, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Targu-Frumos Operation (April 8 — May 6, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kalinkovich-Mozyr operation (January 8—30, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Vitebsk operation (February 3 — March 13, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rogachev—Zhlobin operation (February 21—26, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Pskov Offensive (March 9 — April 15, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Crimean Operation 1944 (April 8 — May 12, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rezhitsko-Dvinskaya Operation (July 10—27, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Pskov—Ostrovskaya Operation (July 11—31, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Narva Operation (July 24—30, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Lviv-Sandomierz operation (July 13 — August 29, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Operation Madona (August 1—28, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tartu Operation (August 10 — September 6, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Jassy-Kishinev Operation (August 20—29, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Bucharest-Arad Operation (Romanian Operation) (August 30 — October 3, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Lomzha-Ruzhany Offensive (August 30 — November 2, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Serok Offensive (August 30 — November 2, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Bulgarian operation (September 8-9, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Belgrade Operation (September 28 — October 20, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Debrecen Operation (October 6—28, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Gumbinnen Goldap Operation (October 16—30, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Budapest Operation (October 29, 1944 — February 13, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Apatin-Kaposvar Operation (November 7 — December 10, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Ondava Operation (November 20 — December 15, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Karelia


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Vyborg-Petrozavodsk Operation (1944) (June 10 — August 9, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Vyborg Operation (1944) (June 10—20, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Svirsko-Petrozavodsk Operation (1944) (June 21 — August 9, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Björk Airborne Operation (June 20—25, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Landing on the islands of Vyborg Bay (July 1—10, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tuloksin Airborne Operation (June 23—27, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Liberation of Belarus


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Belarusian operation (1944) (June 23 — August 29, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Vitebsk-Orsha Operation (1944) (June 23—28, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Mogilev Operation (1944) (June 23—28, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Bobruisk operation (1944) (June 24—29, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Minsk operation (1944) (June 29 — July 4, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Polotsk operation (1944) (June 29 — July 4, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Vilnius Operation (1944) (July 5—20, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Bialystok Operation (1944) (July 5—27, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Siauliai Operation (1944) (July 5—31, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Lublin-Brest Operation (1944) (July 18 — August 2, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kaunas Operation (1944) (July 28 — August 28, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Eastern Carpathians


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

East Carpathian Operation (September 8 — October 28, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Carpatho-Duklin Operation (September 8 — October 28, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Carpatho-Uzhgorod Operation (September 9 — October 28, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Baltics


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Narva Operation (1944) (July 24—30, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tartu Operation (1944) (August 10 — September 6, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Baltic Operation 1944 (September 14 — November 24, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Operation Riga (1944) (September 14 — October 22, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Tallinn Operation (1944) (September 17—26, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Moonsund Operation 1944 (September 27 — November 24, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

The Memel Operation (1944) (October 5—22, 1944)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Vistula-Oder Operation (1945) (January 12 — February 3, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Sandomiersko-Silesian Operation (January 12 — February 3, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Warsaw—Poznan operation (January 14 — February 3, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Western Carpathian Operation (January 12 — February 18, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

East Prussian Operation 1945 (January 13 — April 25, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Insterburg-Königsberg Operation (January 13—27, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Mlavsko-Elbing Operation (January 14—26, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Rastenburg-Heilsberg Operation (March 29, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Königsberg Operation (Assault on Koenigsberg) (April 6—9, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Zemland Operation (April 13—25, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Lower Silesian Offensive (February 8—24, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

East Pomeranian Operation (February 10 — April 4, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Courland Offensive (February 16 — May 23, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Balaton Defensive Operation (March 6—15, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Banska-Bystrica Offensive (March 10—30, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Moravian-Ostrava Offensive (March 10 — May 5, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Upper Silesian Offensive (March 15—31, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Vienna Offensive (March 16 — April 15, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Gyor Operation 1945


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Veszprém operation (1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Sopron-Baden Operation (1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Nagykanize-Kurmand Offensive (March 29 — April 15, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Storming Vienna (April 5-13, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Bratislava-Brno Offensive (March 25 — May 5, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Grazko-Amstetten Offensive (April 15 — May 5, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Berlin Offensive (April 16 — May 8, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Stettin—Rostock Operation (April 20 — May 5, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Zelov—Berlin operation (April 16 — 19, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Cottbus-Potsdam Operation (April 16-27, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Stremberg-Torgau operation (April 19-25, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Halbe Cauldron (April 24 — May 1, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Assault on Berlin (April 25 — May 2, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Brandenburg-Rathen Operation (1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Operation in Prague (May 6—11, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Dresden—Prague operation (1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Sudeten Operation (1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Olomouc operation (1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Jiglava-Benešov operation (1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Soviet-Japanese War


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Soviet-Japanese War (August 9 — September 2, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Manchu Operation 1945 (August 9—20, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Khingano-Mukden Operation (1945) (August 9 — September 2, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Harbin-Girin Operation (1945) (August 9 — September 2, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Sungari Operation (1945) (August 9 — September 2, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Operation (1945) (August 11—25, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Seishin Operation 1945 (August 13—17, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Kuril Operation (1945) (August 18 — September 1, 1945)


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

See also


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

List of operations of the armed forces of the USSR in World War II


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

World War II Campaigns, Battles, and Battles


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

List of military operations on the Eastern Front of World War II


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Note


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

References


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

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Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Category:Lists of the Great Patriotic War


Question: How many battles did Russia have in World War II?

Category:Lists of battles


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Grounding is the deliberate electrical connection of a point in the network, electrical installation or equipment to a grounding device [1].


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

In electrical engineering, grounding is used to achieve protection against the dangerous effects of electric current by reducing the contact voltage to a value that is safe for humans and animals.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Grounding is also used to use earth as a current conductor (for example, in wired telecommunications).


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

It is made using an earthing switch that provides direct contact with the ground and a grounding conductor.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Terminology


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Deadly grounded neutral is the neutral of a transformer or generator connected directly to the grounding device.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Deaf grounded can also be the output of a single-phase alternating current source or a pole of a DC source in two-wire networks, as well as a midpoint in three-wire DC networks.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Isolated neutral is the neutral of a transformer or generator that is not</b> connected to a grounding device or connected to it through a high resistance of signaling, measuring devices, protection and other similar devices.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

A grounding device is a combination of an earthing switch and grounding conductors.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

An earthing switch is a conductive part or a set of interconnected conductive parts that are in electrical contact with the ground directly or through an intermediate conductive medium.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

An artificial earthing switch is an earthing switch specially designed for grounding purposes.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

A natural earthing switch is a third-party conductive part that is in electrical contact with the ground directly or through an intermediate conductive medium used for grounding purposes.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

A grounding conductor is a conductor that connects the grounded part (point) to the earthing switch.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Protective (PE) conductor is a conductor designed for electrical safety purposes.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Protective grounding conductor is a protective conductor designed for protective earthing.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The equipotential bonding protective conductor is a protective conductor designed for protective equipotential bonding.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Zero protective conductor is a protective conductor in electrical installations up to 1 kV, designed to connect open conductive parts to the dead-grounded neutral of the power supply.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Zero working (neutral) conductor (N) is a conductor in electrical installations up to 1 kV designed to power electrical receivers and connected to the solidly grounded neutral of a generator or transformer in three-phase current networks, with a solid-grounded terminal of a single-phase current source, with a dead-grounded source point in DC networks.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Combined zero protective and zero working (PEN) conductors are conductors in electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV, combining the functions of zero protective and zero working conductors.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The main grounding bus is a bus that is part of the grounding device of an electrical installation up to 1 kV and is designed to connect several conductors for the purpose of grounding and equalizing potentials.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The conductive part is the part that can conduct an electric current.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The current-carrying part is the conductive part of the electrical installation that is in the process of its operation under operating voltage, including the zero working conductor (but not the PEN conductor).


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Open conductive part is a touch-accessible conductive part of an electrical installation that is not normally energized, but which may become energized if the main insulation is damaged .


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The external conductive part is a conductive part that is not part of the electrical installation.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Zero potential zone (relative ground) is a part of the earth that is outside the zone of influence of any earthing switch, the electrical potential of which is assumed to be zero.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Protective earthing is a grounding performed for electrical safety purposes.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Working (functional) grounding is the grounding of a point or points of live parts of an electrical installation, performed to ensure the operation of the electrical installation (not for electrical safety purposes).


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Protective zeroing in electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV is a deliberate connection of open conductive parts to the solidly grounded neutral of a generator or transformer in three-phase current networks, with a dead-grounded terminal of a single-phase current source, with a grounded source point in DC networks, performed for electrical safety purposes.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Potential equalization is the electrical connection of conductive parts to achieve equality of their potentials.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

EMS is a potential equalization system.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Protective potential equalization is an equalization of potentials performed for electrical safety purposes.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Potential equalization — reducing the potential difference (step voltage) on the ground or floor surface using protective conductors laid in the ground, in the floor or on their surface and connected to a grounding device, or by using special earth coatings.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The spreading zone (local ground) is the ground zone between the earthing switch and the zero potential zone.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

A ground fault is an accidental electrical contact between live parts that are live and ground.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Direct touch is the electrical contact of people or animals with live parts that are energized.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Indirect contact is the electrical contact of people or animals with exposed conductive parts that are energized when the insulation is damaged.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Direct contact protection — protection to prevent contact with live parts that are under voltage.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Indirect touch protection — protection against electric shock when touching exposed conductive parts that are energized when insulation is damaged.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Protective automatic power off — automatic opening of the circuit of one or more phase conductors (and, if required, the zero working conductor), performed in order to electrical safety.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Isolation transformer is a transformer, the primary winding of which is separated from the secondary windings by means of protective electrical separation of circuits.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

A safe isolation transformer is an isolation transformer designed to supply circuits with ultra-low voltage.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Protective shield is a conductive screen designed to separate an electrical circuit and/or conductors from live parts of other circuits.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Protective electrical separation of circuits is the separation of one electrical circuit from other circuits in electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV using:


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

double insulation;


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

main insulation and protective screen;


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

reinforced insulation.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The main insulation is the insulation of live parts, which also provides protection against direct contact.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Additional insulation — independent insulation in electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV, performed in addition to the main insulation for protection against indirect contact.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Double insulation — insulation in electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1 kV, consisting of main and additional insulations.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Reinforced insulation — insulation in electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1 kV, providing a degree of protection against electric shock equivalent to double insulation.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Non-conductive (insulating) rooms, zones, platforms — rooms, zones, platforms in which (on) protection against indirect contact is provided by high resistance of the floor and walls and in which there are no grounded conductive parts.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Earth fault factor in a three-phase electrical network is the ratio of the potential difference between the intact phase and the ground at the ground fault point of the other or two other phases to the difference potentials between phase and ground at this point before closing.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The voltage on the grounding device is the voltage that occurs when the current flows from the earthing switch to the ground between the current input point into the earthing switch and the zero potential zone.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Touch voltage is the voltage between two conductive parts or between the conductive part and the ground when a person or animal touches them at the same time.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The expected touch tension is the tension between the conductive parts that are simultaneously accessible to touch when a person or animal does not touch them.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Step stress is the voltage between two points on the ground, at a distance of 1 m from each other, which is assumed to be equal to the length of the person's step.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Ultra-low (low) voltage (SNN) is a voltage that does not exceed 50 V AC and 120 V DC.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The resistance of the grounding device is the ratio of the voltage across the grounding device to the current flowing from the earthing switch to the ground.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Equivalent earth resistivity with an inhomogeneous structure is the electrical resistivity of the earth with a homogeneous structure in which the resistance of the grounding device has the same value, as in a land with a heterogeneous structure.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The term “land” used in the article should be understood as land in the spreading zone.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The term “resistivity” used in the article for land with an inhomogeneous structure should be understood as equivalent resistivity.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The term “insulation damage” should be understood as the only damage to insulation.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The term “automatic power off” should be understood as a protective automatic power off.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The term “equipotential bonding” used in the article should be understood as protective equipotential bonding.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Symbols


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Protective earthing conductors in all electrical installations, as well as zero protective conductors in electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV with solidly grounded neutral, including buses, must have an alphabetic the designation “PE” (English: Protective Earthing) and color designation by alternating longitudinal or transverse stripes of the same width (for tires from 15 to 100 mm) in yellow and green.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Zero working (neutral) conductors are indicated by the letter “N” and blue.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Combined zero protective and zero working conductors must have the letter “PEN” and color designation: blue along the entire length and yellow-green stripes at the ends.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Computer text uses the character (Unicode number U+23DA, HTML code)


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Grounding device


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

In Russia, the requirements for grounding and its installation are regulated by the Rules for the Installation of Electrical Installations (PUE).


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Grounding in electrical engineering is divided into natural and artificial.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Natural grounding


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

It is customary to refer to natural grounding those structures whose structure provides for a permanent stay in the ground.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

However, since their resistance is not regulated by anything and there are no requirements for their resistance value, natural grounding structures cannot be used as grounding electrical installations.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Natural earthing switches include, for example, the reinforced concrete foundation of a building.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Artificial grounding


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Artificial grounding is the deliberate electrical connection of a point in the electrical network, electrical installation or equipment to a grounding device.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The grounding device (charger) consists of an earthing switch (a conductive part or a set of interconnected conductive parts that are in electrical contact with the ground directly or through intermediate conductive medium) and a grounding conductor connecting the grounded part (point) to the earthing switch.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The earthing switch can be a simple metal rod (most often steel, less often copper) or a complex complex of special-shaped elements.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The quality of the grounding is determined by the value of the ground resistance/resistance to current spreading (the lower the better), which can be reduced by increasing the area of the grounding electrodes and reducing the electrical resistivity of the soil: increasing the number of grounding electrodes and/or their depth; increasing the concentration of salts in the soil, heating it, etc.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The electrical resistance of the grounding device is different for different conditions and is determined/normalized by the requirements of the PUE and the relevant standards.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Types of artificial grounding systems


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Electrical installations with regard to electrical safety measures are divided into:


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

electrical installations with voltages above 1 kV in networks with solidly grounded or effectively grounded neutral;


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

electrical installations with voltages above 1 kV in networks with neutral insulated or grounded through an arc-extinguishing reactor or resistor;


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV in networks with solidly grounded neutral;


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV in networks with isolated neutral.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

Depending on the technical features of the electrical installation and the power supply networks, its operation may require different grounding systems.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

As a rule, before designing an electrical installation, the sales organization issues a list of technical specifications that specify the grounding system used.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

The classification of types of grounding systems is given as the main characteristic of the supply electrical network.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

GOST R 50571.2-94 “Electrical installations of buildings. Part 3. Main characteristics” regulates the following grounding systems: TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S, TT, IT.


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

For electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV, the following designations are adopted:


Question: How do you denote grounding in a computer text?

Grounding

TN system is a system in which the neutral of the power supply is deaf grounded, and the open conductive parts of the electrical installation are connected to the solidly grounded neutral of the source by means of zero protective conductors;