Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

According to the lawsuit upheld by the Zamoskvoretsky Court of Moscow, Shevchenko paid compensation for the damage caused on April 5, 2012 in the amount of almost 20 million rubles in favor of Leonova Lidia Mikhailovna.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

The owner of the apartment in the House on the Embankment, in which Leonova is registered and lives, is Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia [8].


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Scandal around abortion in the building of the former Holy Cross Church


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Since autumn 2010, the Warriors of Life movement has been fighting for the elimination of abortion in the building of the church of the Holy Cross Community of Sisters of Mercy (St. Petersburg, Fontanka Embankment, 154) and revival Orthodox shrine.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Initially, the North-Western District Medical Center was located at this address, but later the SZOMC became part of the NMHC headed by Yuri Shevchenko [9].


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

In response to this, Shevchenko's son, Yuri Shevchenko Jr., denying the information about abortions at the NMHC, said that his father's lawyers were preparing a lawsuit against the Warriors of Life [10].


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Responding to Shevchenko's denials, the Warriors of Life movement posted audio recordings of telephone conversations on the Internet, where employees of different departments of the center gave callers consent to an abortion [11].


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

At the same time, journalists of the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper Sergei Bychkov and Ekaterina Sazhneva said that abortions are performed in most Russian hospitals, often house churches, and the reproaches made against Shevchenko alone in this regard look tendentious [12].


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Criticism


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Leonid Roshal's opinion about Shevchenko:


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Church activities


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Georgy Shevchenko did not and does not ask for Patriarch Kirill's blessings for the priesthood in Moscow.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

As a clergyman, he has never been appointed to the staff of the Moscow Diocese.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

He does not have a certificate of a cleric of the Moscow Diocese [12] [13].


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

According to Alexander Schipkov, director of the Orthodox Human Rights Center “Territory of the Church” [14], Yuri Shevchenko graduated externally (in just two years) from the Tashkent Theological Seminary as a priest ordained in Ukraine, that is, he is a cleric of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, but lives in Moscow, where he serves in the Church of St. Nicholas at the National Pirogov Medical and Surgical Center [15].


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

This fundamentally contradicts the norms of ecclesiastical canon law and, when considering the circumstances of the case by a church court, may lead to canonical punishments up to eruption from rank.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Currently, an inspection has been initiated in the Russian Orthodox Church and procedures have been initiated to deprive Shevchenko of his sacred rank [16] [17].


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

family


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Ritt Yurov's wife is a housewife.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Daughter Ksenia Yuryevna Korsun — Head of the Dental Department No. 1 of the N.M.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

N. AND. Pirogov.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Since 2005 he has been an individual entrepreneur.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

She has four children.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

His son Yuri Yuryevich Shevchenko is the founder and co-founder of a number of commercial companies.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Among them: European Legal Center LLC, Trias Jewelry Company LLC, Khmel LLC and others [18].


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Awards and titles


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Order “For Merit to the Fatherland” IV degree (April 5, 2017) — for his great contribution to the development of healthcare and many years of conscientious work [19]


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Order of Honor (March 1, 2007) — for his great contribution to the development of healthcare and many years of conscientious work [20]


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Order of St. Constantine the Great International (1998)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Order of the U.S. Department of Defense (1998)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Peter the Great Gold Medal “For Merits in the Revival of Science and Economy of Russia” of the International Academy of Natural and Social Sciences (1995)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Prize of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences A. Semashko (2002)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

The A. N. Bakuleva (2002) — “for outstanding personal contribution to the development of cardiovascular surgery and new scientific areas”


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Laureate of the Rudolf Virchow International Award (1999)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

RANS Gold Medal (1999) [21]


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Golden Hippocrates Award


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Order of St. Daniel of Moscow, 2nd class (Russian Orthodox Church, 1998)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Academician and Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Chairman of the Fundamental Medicine Department


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Academician of the Military Medical Academy.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

S. M. Kirova


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Academician of the International Academy of Sciences in Ecology, Human and Nature Safety


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Colonel-General of the Medical Service


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honored Doctor of Chuvashia


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Citizen of the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2000) — for the series of works “Purulent-septic cardiac surgery”


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Member of the Coordinating Committee of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Member of the Presidium of RAMS


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Bureau member of the Clinical Medicine Department of the Russian Academy


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

President of the Russian Association of Surgeons named after N. AND. Pirogov


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Chairman of the international award committee created by him “Academician Boris Petrovsky International Award” — the gold medal “Outstanding Surgeon of the World”


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Presidium member of the Russian Society of Doctors


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Member of the Board of the Russian Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons of the St. Petersburg Surgical Society named after N. AND. Pirogov


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Member of the European Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Member of the U.S. Association of Thoracic Surgeons


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Professor of the Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1997)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Professor of St. Petersburg Medical University named after I. P. Pavlova (2005)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Professor of the Research Institute of Hygiene Center named after Erisman (2002)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Professor of Siberian Medical University (2000)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Professor of Moscow State University n.a.


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

M. IN. Lomonosova (2008)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Distinguished Professor at the US Federal Health Services University (1996)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Doctor of the Military Medical Academy (1999)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Doctor of Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (2000)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Doctor of St. Petersburg State University (2003) [22]


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Honorary Doctor of the National Medical and Surgical Center named after N. AND. Pirogova (2008)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Permanent Representative of Russia to the International Committee on Military Medicine


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Since 2000, Permanent Representative of Russia to WHO


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Recipient of the Michael DeBakey International Award for Surgeons (1996)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Notes


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

References


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Russian cardiologists


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Graduates of the Military Medical Academy


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Teachers of the Military Medical Academy


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Chiefs of the Military Medical Academy


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Ministers of Health of the Russian Federation


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Priests of the Russian Orthodox Church


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Russian and Soviet cardiac surgeons


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Graduates of Tashkent Theological Seminary


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Teachers of 1st MSMU


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Soviet military doctors


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Colonel-Generals of the Medical Service (Russian Federation)


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Rectors of universities in St. Petersburg


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Honorary Doctors of St. Petersburg State University


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Honorary Professors of Moscow State University


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Laureates of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in Science and Technology


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Honorary Doctors of the Pirogov Center


Question: When was the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology established?

Yuri Shevchenko

Category:Honorary Doctors of the Military Medical Academy


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov (born June 3, 1955, St. Frunze, Kyrgyz SSR [1]) — historian, lawyer, publicist, author of philosophical aphorisms, Toraga Jogorku Kenesh (Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kyrgyz Republic) in 2009-2010;, Professor, Academician Academy of History and Social Studies of the Republic of Kazakhstan.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Origins


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He was born into a family of law clerks.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

His father, Kurmanov Karpek Shamsedinovich, graduated from the Leningrad Law Institute named after V.I.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

M. AND. Kalinin and held senior positions in the Prosecutor's Office of the Kyrgyz SSR, from where he voluntarily resigned due to constant persecution on the grounds of “alien social origin”.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

As a result of regular party “purges” carried out in the country, it was established that he is the grandson of the influential Kyrgyz ancestral prince Kurman Lepesov, who was repressed in 1926 among other major feudal lords and manaps such as Kokumbay Chynyev, Mamyt Abaildinov, influential Soviet politicians - Rakhmankul Khudaikulov and Duishenaly Babakhanov, accused of “counter-revolutionary acts”.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

During the mass repressions in the 1930s, almost all of Kurman Lepesov's children, accused of creating the so-called counter-revolutionary Social Turan Party, died.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

After that, Kurmanov Karpek was forced to go to the Ministry of Justice and then the Bar of the Kyrgyz SSR, and then switch to teaching and scientific work.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

One of the patriarchs of Kyrgyz legal science, who marked the beginning of a new direction in the development of Soviet legal science, which considered drug addiction as a social phenomenon and a crime, doctor Professor, Honored Scientist of the Kyrgyz Republic, Honorary Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

My father and the tragic events associated with the dramatic death of loved ones during the mass Stalinist repressions, professional activities on the development of a new concept of history of the 20-30s had a strong influence on the formation of political views of the future speaker of the Kyrgyz parliament.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Her mother, Anipa Kurmanova, worked as a weaver and then a lawyer in various departments, institutions and ministries of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1972 he graduated from secondary school No. 6 in Moscow. Frunze.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1978 he graduated from the History Department of Leningrad State University named after A. A. Zhdanova.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1996 he graduated with honors from the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Personnel at KSNU with a degree in jurisprudence.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Teaching activities


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1978-1979 he taught at the Department of History of the CPSU and Scientific Communism at the Karaganda State Medical Institute.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

From 1979 to 1982, he worked in the Central State Archive of the Kyrgyz SSR as an archivist, senior archaeographer, head of the department for publications and scientific use of documents.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He completed repeated internships at the Moscow Historical and Archival Institute and the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Kazakh State University named after M.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

A. Farabi.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1986-1991 he was a teacher at the Department of History of the CPSU, Political History of the 20th Century at the Kyrgyz State Medical Institute.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Since January 1992 — Senior Lecturer at the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the newly opened Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Kyrgyzstan (now the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic) with the rank of


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In April 1994, he was elected to the post of Professor of the KSPI.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

AND. Arabayeva.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

From June 1994 to June 1996 he studied at the doctoral studies of the KSPU named after M.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

AND. Arabaev, and also graduated with honors from the Institute for Advanced Training and Retraining of Personnel of the Kyrgyz National University named after Zh. Balasagyn, where he received a degree in law.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1996—1997, he worked as Head of the Public Relations and Marketing Department of the specialized enterprise Kyrgyz Investment and Finance Corporation.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1997—2000, Professor of the UNESCO Department of Constitutional Law and Gender Policy of the Faculty of Law and the Department of Political Science of the Faculty of International Relations of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, senior researcher at the International Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic concurrently.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 2000, the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic awarded him the academic title of Professor.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 2001, he studied at the European Center for Security Research named after A.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

J.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Marshall (g. Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria) security issues and planning the military budget.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 2005—2007, he was a national consultant of the UNDP Parliamentary Project and part-time head of the Department of International Relations of the Institute of Oriental Languages and Cultures of the Kyrgyz State Pedagogical University n.a.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

AND. Arabaeva National University of Kyiv, as well as a professor at the Faculty of International Relations of K.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

WELL. Balasagyn, host of the popular analytical TV program Politburo on Channel 5.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

From September 2010 to September 2014 she works as a professor at the UNESCO Chair of Constitutional Law and Gender Policy at the Law Faculty of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Since April 2011, Head of the Department of World Politics and International Relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kyrgyzstan.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Since December 2012, Head of the Department of International Relations of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Part-time visiting professor at the Academy of Management under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Faculty of International Relations of the Kyrgyz National University named after M.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

WELL. Balasagyn.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Political and public activities


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Since his student days, he had sympathy for the human rights activities of Academician Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

During the years of teaching, it reveals the abilities of a public politician and speaker.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He becomes known to the general public due to his active work as a lecturer at the Znanie Society, where he became one of the most creative and popular lecturers who traveled all Republic with reports on international politics, restructuring and democratization.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1989, he, together with his colleague and close friend Suvakun Begaliyev, who worked as an associate professor and then head of the department, was falsely accused of nationalism and the dissemination of nationalist ideas.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

They remembered everything: allegedly “ideologically immature” speeches through the Znanie society, and open support for the speech of Kazakh youth in Almaty, which took place in December 1986 and was baptized” nationalist.”


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

But the party did not have enough strength for a complete reprisal.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In May 1989, the First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR in Moscow unexpectedly intervened in the situation, which took place in a tough debate between reformers and conservatives.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Only after that local party officials fell behind Z. Kurmanova and S. Begaliyeva said.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

But in 1991, they were reduced together.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

During the perestroika period, he actively participated in the emerging democratic movement, was a passionate publicist and propagandist of the ideas of democratic renewal of society and the state.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Together with like-minded people and friends, S. Begaliev, T. Egemberdiev, N. Ablova et al.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

was at the forefront of the creation of the Bishkek branch of the Memorial All-Union Society, the City Voters Club, was a member of the Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan (DDK), the author of many publications about the crimes of the Stalinist regime and its victims.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Thanks to his numerous studies, the honest names of domestic creators of national History were restored — Abdykerim Sydykov, Yusup Abdrakhmanov, Ishenala Arabayev, Tash Khudaibergenova, Sadyk Chonbashev, Imanaly Aidarbekov, Osmon Tynaev, Tokchoro Dzholdoshev and many other politicians of the 20-30s of the XX century who were at the origins of the revival of Kyrgyz statehood.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In May 1992, among the first representatives of the new democratic draft, he was appointed Rector of the Kyrgyz State Pedagogical University named after I. Arabaev, where he worked until the middle.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

His departure was due to the resignation of Education Minister Chynara Zhakypova, who resolutely carried out reforms in the field of education, which made her popularity ratings go off scale the popularity of the current the president.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Her voluntary resignation due to the impossibility of further work resulted in persecution of her nominees, one of whom was the future deputy and speaker of parliament.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

After his dismissal, he participated in the work on the creation of the popular analytical newspaper Politika, where Chynara Zhakypova was the editor-in-chief.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In a comparative genre, he published political portraits of famous reformer presidents.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

As a result, the opposition newspaper was closed by the authorities.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1993, for the first time, he took part in the elections to the Jogorku Kenesh of the 12th convocation, which he lost to the owner of a large knitting factory.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1998, together with a number of well-known and authoritative people of the country - Sadyrkulov Medet, Akramov Ernst, Nazarov Orzubek, Ismankulov Almaz, Uzbekov Dosmir, Kulikova Galina and others.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

, actively participated in the creation of the first liberal party in Kyrgyzstan, the Menin Olkom/My Country Action Party, in which he was responsible for ideological work.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He worked as an adviser to the Toraga (Speaker) of the Legislative Assembly of the Jogorku Kenesh.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1998-2000, he worked as a member of the Working Group of the Jogorku Kenesh on holding a peace conference on Afghanistan under the auspices of the UN in St. Bishkek.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 2000, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic on the list of the Menin Olkom/My Country party, was the leader of the Right Coalition (On Ordo) faction, which stood on liberal democratic political platform.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 2005, he again ran as a candidate for deputy of the Jogorku Kenesh in one of the majority districts of Moscow. Bishkek as a representative of the opposition, but lost them to a business representative.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He participated in the preparation of political manifestos, statements, appeals during the anti-government events on March 23-24, 2005, which ended with the flight of the President of Kyrgyzstan A. Akayeva.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 2006, he was acting chairman of the My Country Action Party.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He was critical of the political regime of President K. Bakiyev, participated in the creation of a broad opposition coalition.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He was one of the authors of an alternative draft of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic with a prime presidential form of government, written in collaboration with Deputy K. Baibolov and legal scientist G. Iskakova.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

But when he joined the UNDP, he retired from political activities.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

During a trip to the Economic Forum in Krynica-Zdrój (Poland), together with opposition MP Omurbek Tekebayev in 2007, he was included in the so-called. “heroin story”.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Interpol gave a false tip on them as members of the extremist Hizbut Tahrir party carrying a consignment of drugs.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

As it turned out later, this political provocation was specially inspired against O. Tekebayev as the brother of President K. Bakiyev, who at that time headed the KGB of the republic.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

The Polish court acquitted him, and the case was called “matryoshkagate”.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In November 2007, the My Country party merged with several other centrist parties into the Ak Zhol People's Party to participate in the early 2007 elections to the national parliament.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

I went to the polls under No. 69 in the party list, because the first places were bought by oligarchs.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

After his election as a deputy to the Jogorku Kenesh, he was elected to the post of Chairman of the Committee on Constitutional Legislation, State Structure, Rule of Law and Human Rights.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 2009, during rotation, he was re-elected to this position.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly, he worked as Deputy Chairman of the Commission on Political Affairs.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He combined political work with teaching and scientific work at the American University in Kyrgyzstan, the Kyrgyz State Law Academy, the Academy of Management, at the faculty of international relations of KNU, Law Faculty of KRSU, etc.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

On December 24, 2009, Toraga (Speaker) of the Jogorku Kenesh of the 4th convocation was unanimously elected deputies of all three factions of the parliament.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He was a member of the Presidential Conference and the Security Council of the Kyrgyz


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He proved himself to be a politician of a new formation and culture.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He led a modest lifestyle.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He refused the privilege of living in a state residence, he was often seen unguarded, coming and leaving work on foot.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

I met the news of the coup d'état on April 6-7, 2010 in St. Petersburg, where he came with a group of deputies to the regular session of the IPA CIS and the Eurasian Economic Community.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

There I also met a message about the dissolution of the Parliament of Kyrgyzstan by the new authorities.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Formally, he remained Chairman of the Parliament until the adoption by referendum of the new Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Only on July 6, 2010, the Central Election Commission of the Kyrgyz Republic terminated the powers of the Jogorku Kenesh of the 4th convocation ahead of schedule.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

From April to December 2010, he was nominally acting as a member of the IPA CIS Bureau and Deputy Chairman of the IPA EurAsEC.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 2002 and 2005, he was a member of constitutional conferences.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Member of the Council of Wise Men of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Member of the Council of Speakers at the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Member of the St. Petersburg State University Alumni Association.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He is one of the famous universities of St. Petersburg State University.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Since January 2011, Director of the Public Foundation “Institute of Parliamentarism and Democracy”.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 2016, Director of the Association of Teachers for the Management of Non-Profit Organizations


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

A principled and consistent critic of the policy of the populist President of the Kyrgyz Republic Atambayev, who, after the coup d'état in 2010, turned the republic, under the flag of the struggle for democracy, into the most a corrupt republic in the CIS, to his household, a fiefdom, where his servants performed the functions of governing the State.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Parliament reform


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

As an expert in the field of constitutionalism and parliamentarism, he regularly proposed ways in the public space and at parliamentary meetings to reform Kyrgyz parliamentarism, which could not to get rid of the Soviet political legacy and the negative influence of the conservative majority on the path of democratic reform of the Jogorku Kenesh.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

As part of the 2nd convocation of the Legislative Assembly of the Jogorku Kenesh in April 2000, he, as a deputy and leader of the faction, initiated the creation of the first faction “Right Coalition - “On Ordo”, created on the basis of the party “My country”, which received two mandates in parliament. Thus, a new trend was laid in the development of Kyrgyz parliamentarism. After that, a faction of communists and 4 other deputy groups registered in the parliament, which in general played an important role in the political life of the country on the way to its democratization. The Elkomsots deputy group, which is opposed to the president and the government of the country, was officially registered. The advantage and benefits of dividing deputies into factions and groups have become obvious and promising, but dangerous for officialdom. Since then, the creation of factions and deputy groups in the Jogorku Kenesh has become regular. Despite the attempt of the regime of President A. Akayev to return to the majority system of elections (2005-2007), after his revolutionary overthrow in March 2005, in 2007 Kyrgyzstan completely switched to proportional electoral system. According to this system, the 4th convocation of the Jogorku Kenesh was elected, and then the 5th and 6th convocations. At the 4th convocation, Deputy Z.Kurmanov with the participation of a number of like-minded deputies I.Masaliyev, L.Sydykova, Ch.Baekova and with the active participation of the manager of the EU-UNDP Parliamentary Project G.Mamatkerimova (head), and consultants K.Turdaliev, A.Dzhakishev, K.Dzhigitekov and others, an attempt was made and successfully implemented to carry out radical reforms in the field of parliamentary management, which was reflected in the adopted regulations of the 4th and then 5th convocations.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

The Jogorku Kenesh, which worked three previous convocations as the Soviet parliament, for the first time started operating as a professional, permanent legislative body, a separate branch of state power.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

For the first time, draft laws were adopted in 3 readings.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

The days of the week were clearly established when committees and commissions, factions met, plenary sessions were held, and meetings with voters took place.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

The procedure for discussing draft laws is separated from the voting procedure.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Control and legislative activities have begun to be planned.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

The agenda began to be determined by the leaders of the factions and committees of the Jogorku Kenesh, who met weekly at a meeting of the Coordination Council of the Jogorku Kenesh.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

The Parliament was tasked with developing a short-term, medium and long-term Development Strategy for the Jogorku Kenesh, etc.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

However, after the coup d'état in April 2010, reforms in parliament began to be curtailed, and many of the achievements of domestic parliamentarism were lost.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

The parliament was again turned into an appendage of the presidential administration of the Kyrgyz Republic


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

For reforming the Jogorku Kenesh, he was awarded Dunk medals and a parliamentary medal dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Jogorku Kenesh.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Scientific activity


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

A well-known social scientist in the republic and abroad with versatile scientific interests and views.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Winner and laureate of many national and international competitions for the best works in the field of history, politics and law.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He trained 3 doctors and 10 candidates of science.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He is the author of more than 2,000 media appearances, 240 scientific publications, including 42 books, textbooks, brochures [2].


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Scientific supervisor of such areas of research as political history and portrait studies, source studies, historical psychology, political science, parliamentarism and comparative parliamentarism, parliamentary, constitutional and international law, international relations.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

His works have been published in the USA, Sweden, Turkey, Y.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Korea, Kazakhstan, Germany, Russia, etc.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

states.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1982-1985 he studied full-time postgraduate studies in the source studies sector under the scientific guidance of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor G. A. Trukan at the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow, then worked as a junior researcher in the communist construction sector of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In 1991 he defended his thesis for the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences, which received a great public response as the first dissertation in the republic, written on the basis of civilizational method.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Radio Liberty at that time broadcast that an “anti-communist dissertation” was defended in Kyrgyzstan for the first time.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

In May 1997, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the study of the activities of Kyrgyz political elites in the first post-October period, written at the intersection of several scientific disciplines — historical psychology, history, political science, philosophy and law.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He is a follower of Lev Gumilyov's scientific views.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Member of the editorial board of the journal “Bulletin of the Kyrgyz State University named after M. AND. Arabaev”, Kyrgyzstan.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Member of the editorial board of the journal “Bulletin of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Member of the editorial board of the Dialogue of Civilizations magazine, Kyrgyzstan.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Member of the Scientific Council of the international journal “Reality of Politics” (“Real Politics”), Poland.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Member of the Editorial Board of the international journal EURASIS (Eurasian Studies), Kazakhstan.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Member of the Editorial Board of the international magazine “The Central Asia and the Caucasus” (“Central Asia and the Caucasus”), Sweden.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Main works


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

kids


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Kurmanov Ilyas.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He was born in St. Karaganda of the Kazakh SSR.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He graduated from the Law Faculty of KRSU.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Candidate of Political Sciences (2013).


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Kurmanova Malika.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

She graduated with honors from the Law Faculty of KRSU.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Candidate of Legal Sciences (2009).


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Close relatives


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Great-grandfather — Kurman Lepesov, politician, supreme tribal prince (chon-manap of the Jumgal Sayaks), one of the leaders of the uprising of 1916, member of the Alash party, repressed by the Soviet authority.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He was sentenced in 1926 by the court “In the case of Khudaikulov, Babakhanov and influential Kyrgyz manaps” to 5 years in prison.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He was exiled to Ukraine, where he died on his way to exile in Sol-Iletsk (near Orenburg) in 1927.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Grandfather - Kurmanov Shamsedin, a participant in the revolutionary events and the establishment of Soviet power in Kyrgyzstan in Naryn district, a graduate of the Moscow Institute of Red Professors, financier, chief accountant - government dacha to the CEC and the Council of People's Commissars of the Kyrgyz ASSR, and since 1933 - the Kurday District Federal District of the Kazakh SSR.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

He died tragically in 1943.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Uncle Sydykbekov, Tugelbay is a classic of Soviet national literature, People's Writer of Kyrgyzstan, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Hero of Kyrgyzstan, laureate of the Stalin Prize of the USSR.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Uncle Kurmanov Yusup Shamsedinovich is a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, colonel of the Soviet Army, military commissar of the Naryn region of the Kyrgyz SSR.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Kurmanov's father Karpek Shamsedinovich is a graduate of the Leningrad Law Institute named after V.I.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

M. AND. Kalinina, prosecutor, lawyer, scientist and teacher, doctor of law, professor, honorary academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Honored Scientist of the Kyrgyz Republic.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Kurmanov's mother Anipa is a lawyer of the Ministry of Communications of the Kyrgyz SSR, now a pensioner.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Brother Kurmanov Aidar is a candidate of legal sciences, professor at the Kyrgyz State Law Academy.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Kurmanova's sister Gulnara graduated with honors from the Law Faculty of Moscow State University named after M. Lomonosov, judge of the 1st category of the Kyrgyz Republic, lawyer.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Brother Kurmanov Erkin Yusupovich is a cultural figure, composer, member of the Union of Composers of the Kyrgyz Republic and the USSR.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Kurmanov's brother Sultan Yusupovich is a veteran of the war in Afghanistan, colonel, commander of the National Guard of the Kyrgyz Republic.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Awards and titles


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Medal “10 Years to the Kyrgyz Republic” (2001)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Honored Education Worker of the Kyrgyz Republic (2002)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

State Counsellor of the Kyrgyz Republic, 2nd Class (2002)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Gold Medal of the International Charitable Foundation for Science and Culture named after A.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) (2008)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Dunk Medal (2009)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Excellence in Public Service of the Kyrgyz Republic (2009)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Medal “70 years to the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic” (2009)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Certificate of Merit of the IPA CIS (2009)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Full member of the Academy of History and Social Studies of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2010)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Medal “For the Development of Science in Kazakhstan” (2012)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Medal “90th Anniversary of Archival Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic” (2016)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Medal “25 Years of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan”.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

By decree of President N. A. Nazarbayev dated December 29, 2016


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Commemorative Medal “100th Anniversary of the Government of Alash-Orda and Alash Autonomy” (2017)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

The Alumni Association of St. Petersburg State University named among its famous students (2017)


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Notes


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

References


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

v


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

v


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

v


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Kyrgyz tarykhy.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Kyskacha encyclopedia.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Bishkek: 2003.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— P.126.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Asanov U. A., Zhumanazarova A. Z., Chorotegin T. K. Who's Who in Kyrgyz Science: A Brief Bio-Bibliography.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

directory of doctors of sciences of Kyrgyzstan/Ed.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Acad. Y. A. Asanova.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— Bishkek: Gl.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

ed.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Kyrgyz.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

encyclopedias, 1997.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— 672 p.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Malevanaya D. Zainidin Kurmanov: philosophizing Scythian/MSN — 2006.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— Oct. 20


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Orlov D. Zainidin KURMANOV: I want to live for a reason /MSN — 2010.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— Feb. 5


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Tulindiyeva Zh. Zainidin Kurmanov: “There is no need to be afraid of Kyrgyz people, we do not bite” /Megapolis.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— Almaty.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— 2010.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— Oct. 3


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Otorbayeva A. “I am a liberal like my father...” /Evening Bishkek — 2000.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— March 31st.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

Tulindiyeva Zh. Zainidin KURMANOV: We have set ourselves a false goal — human rights/Megapolis.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— Almaty.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— 2012.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

Zainidin Kurmanov

— Oct. 22


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Tynaev A. There are no areas between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan where there are no common interests/Letter.


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— Almaty.


Question: Where was Zainidin Karpekovich Kurmanov born?

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— 2010.


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— Jan 27


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Temir E.


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Iskhak MASALIYEV: It doesn't matter who is in power.


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It is important how we are ruled /Evening Bishkek — 2010.


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— Jan 18


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Vermenichev Andrey.


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The past is without evasion.


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Do not exaggerate your story, but it is ugly to keep silent about it/Letter.


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- Almaty — 2013.


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— June 18th.


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Kurmanov Karpek.


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Lawyer's confession.


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Autobiographical essay dedicated to the author's 85th anniversary.


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Bishkek: 2013.


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— 180 p.


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Karpek Kurmanov.


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Lawyer's confession.


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Autobiographical essay.


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Ed.


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2nd Rev.


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and add.


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- Bishkek: 2017.


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Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Norman expansion in Wales is a series of military-political operations of the kings of England and the Anglo-Norman barons in the late XI - early XIII centuries, aimed at subjugating the territory of Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Beginning immediately after the Norman conquest of England in 1066, Norman expansion in Wales continued with varying intensity for a century and a half.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

As a result, the Welsh kingdoms of Gwent, Morgannug and Briheiniog were liquidated, most of Wales was conquered, where the so-called “Welsh Mark” was created, and the classic forms of feudal social system.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Norman expansion of the late XI - XII centuries created the conditions for the final conquest of Wales by Edward I in the second half of the XIII century.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Wales before the Norman Conquest


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Features of the physical geography of Wales are the ruggedness of its territory by mountain ranges, where local residents could hide in the event of an external attack, the proximity and easy accessibility of Ireland, which ensures refuge and reinforcements to the Welsh, the lack of convenient routes between different regions of the country - were one of the most important obstacles to the conquest of Wales, first by the Anglo-Saxons and later Normans.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

On the other hand, these features also made it impossible for Wales to unite firmly under the rule of local dynasties.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Despite the strong desire for independence inherent in the Welsh in the early Middle Ages, Wales did not achieve national unity.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

This was also hampered by the peculiarities of the social and legal structure of Welsh society, in particular the custom existing in Welsh law to divide inheritance between all the children of the deceased, the formed state apparatus, the lack of consolidation of the legal status and competencies of the ruler, as well as the decentralization of the socio-political system, the basic unit of which was kantrev.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

This led to constant internecine wars between different clans and families, frequent usurpation of the thrones of the Welsh kingdoms and instability of borders.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

After the death in 1063 of Gruffydd ap Liwelyn, the last ruler who managed to unite all the kingdoms of Wales under his rule and inflict a number of defeats on the Anglo-Saxon rulers in the east, the country again split into several state entities: the kingdoms of Gwynedd in the north, Powys in the center, Deheibart in the southwest and three small kingdoms in southeastern Wales: Morgannug, Briheiniog and Gwent.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The beginning of expansion (1067—1093)


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1066, England was conquered by the troops of Duke William the Conqueror of Normandy [2].


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The militarily weak Anglo-Saxon state was replaced by an aggressive feudal Anglo-Norman monarchy.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Although it is obvious that William had no intention of conquering the Welsh kingdoms, shortly after his coronation he began to strengthen the Anglo-Welsh border [3].


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The territory along its southern part was transferred to the county to William Fitz-Osbern, Earl of Hereford and close ally of King William, [4] who began to build a good system along the border with Wales fortified castles (Monmouth, Carisbrooke, Chepstow, Wigmore, Clifford) and the settlement of Norman knights in the border region.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

[5] In addition, the establishment of new trade burgs [sn 1] was actively encouraged to attract Anglo-Norman colonists to the border.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

These measures created the social and material basis for the subsequent offensive on the lands of Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1067, an uprising against Norman power broke out in the West English counties, supported by King Gwynedd and Powys Bledin ap Kinvin, but suppressed by 1070 [6] Shortly thereafter the first offensive of the Norman barons on Wales began.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

It is known that William Fitz-Osbern invaded Briheiniog and inflicted a decisive defeat on the Welsh troops.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The year of this expedition has not been accurately established, but it is obvious that no later than 1075 [cn 2], most of Gwent between the rivers Uaya and Asuka came under the control of the Normans.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Success on the southern border with Wales prompted William the Conqueror to create a stamp system in the northern and central part of the Anglo-Welsh border.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1071, the Chester Marks were created, and in 1075, the Shropshire Marks were special administrative units, the economic and administrative systems of which were subordinated to the task of organizing defense and attacks on the lands of Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Their rulers - the Counts of Chester and Shrewsbury - had significant capabilities to organize and provide their own military contingents and build border fortresses.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In addition, the King granted Mark rulers substantial autonomy in internal affairs, various privileges and freedoms, as well as large land holdings in other, richer parts of England, from where the Counts of Chester and Shrewsbury [sn 3] could draw funds and recruit soldiers for the war in Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

At the same time, in Wales itself in the 1070s, internal conflicts between the Welsh kingdoms intensified.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The war between Gwynedd and Morgannug on the one hand and Deheibart on the other culminated in 1081, when King Gwynedd was defeated and killed at the Battle of Minid Karn.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Normans took advantage of this struggle: already in 1072, the Norman Knights of the Chester Mark, led by Robert Rudland, began to advance deep into North Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1075, Robert had captured northeastern Wales as far as Conwy, and in 1081, capturing King Gruffydd ap Keenan, he subdued all of Gwynedd.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Fortified castles were built along the northern coast of Wales: Rudlan, Deganui, Bangor, Carnarvon.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

William the Conqueror recognized Robert Rudland as Senor of North Wales on the condition of paying a feudal rent of 40 pounds sterling.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

At the same time, Roger Montgomery's offensive on Powys unfolded, although much less successful.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The base of Norman expansion in this region was Montgomery Castle west of the border, from which the Normans raided Welsh lands up to Ceredigion and Dived.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In South Wales, after a period of border clashes, the situation stabilized in 1081, when William the Conqueror's troops marched along the south coast to St. Davids.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

There were no clashes with the Welsh: King Deheibart Rhys ap Teudur brought homage to the English monarch and recognized his suzerainty [cn 4].


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The agreement between William the Conqueror and Rice ap Teudur laid the basis for the future policy of the English kings towards the rulers of the Welsh principalities: content with the recognition of their supreme the authorities, the kings of England consolidated the status quo in Wales and, on the one hand, ensured the special status of certain Welsh rulers, and on the other hand, thus created a counterbalance to the too strengthened Norman barons of the borderland.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The situation changed after the death of William the Conqueror and the uprising of the Anglo-Norman barons in 1088, in which feudal lords of the Welsh border played an active role.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The weakening of royal power in the region was the impetus for the intensification of the offensive of the barons on the lands of Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

This was also facilitated by the resumption of internecine wars between Ris ap Teudur and neighboring Welsh rulers.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Already in 1088, Briheiniog was attacked by Bernard de Neufmarsh and over the following years, the ancient Welsh kingdom gradually ceased to exist.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

An attempt by Rhys ap Teudur in 1093 to expel the Normans from Briheiniog failed: the king of Deheybart was defeated and died.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

With his death, a power vacuum was created in South Wales, which was immediately taken advantage of by the Anglo-Norman feudal lords.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Briheiniog came into the possession of Bernard de Newmarche, who built Brecon Castle, which became the administrative and military center of the region.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Radnorshire was divided between Roger de Montgomery and Philippe de Braoz.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Morgannug was invaded by the troops of Robert Fitz-Hamon, who quickly conquered the Glamorgan Valley and founded Cardiff.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Glamorgan was reorganized on the model of the English counties, the Welsh were pushed back to the mountains.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Also in 1093, Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, embarked on a campaign to southwest Wales, conquered Ceredigion and Dived, and founded Pembroke Castle at the extreme southwestern tip of Wales, which became the center Normandy power in the region.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Welsh mark folding


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1094, most of Wales was under Norman control.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The conquered lands were distributed among the Anglo-Norman feudal lords.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Separate feudal possessions were formed, which were often under the rule of relatively small lords.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Such possessions included, in addition to lowland regions, where the classical feudal system was planted according to the Anglo-Norman model, and mountainous areas in which traditional Welsh orders were preserved, and the new ruler was content with the subordination of local leaders and the collection of rents.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The holdings in Wales were closely linked to the West English Counties (Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Gloucestershire), providing the material and human resources necessary to maintain Norman power in Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The feudal possessions in Wales and the border English counties formed a single territorial complex called the Welsh Mark, which was characterized by a paramilitary nature of the administration, its own judicial and legal system and the broader scope of powers of the feudal elite.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In this territory, royal orders were not directly applicable, barons enjoyed the right to build castles and establish cities freely, the judiciary for all matters except treason, was sent by local feudal lords, and there were other administrative and legal differences from other English counties.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The reason for the special status of the Welsh Mark for a long time was considered to be the granting of privileges and liberties to the barons by the king to encourage Anglo-Norman colonization, but a significant part modern historians [7] find the origins of these rights in the specific nature of the Norman conquest of Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

A feature of the Norman expansion in Wales was that the territory of Wales was conquered in parts, by country and commots, in contrast, for example, to the campaign to conquer England, aimed at” the return” of the entire kingdom to its “legitimate” monarch.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

If the subordination of England was entirely directed by the king, the establishment of Norman power over Wales was the business of the barons of the border.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

By subordinating cantrev after cantrev, the barons, with the exception of a small number of regions (primarily Pembrokeshire and the Glamorgan Valley), did not destroy local law and local social order, but included them in the system of vassal relations [8].


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

As a result of the combination of the power of a feudal lord with the traditional prerogatives of the Welsh ruler inherited by the new owners of the land, the rights and freedoms of the Norman barons of Wales were much broader than that of feudal lords in other parts of England.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Church played a significant role in the Norman conquest of Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Part of the captured Welsh lands was transferred by the barons to church organizations in England and Normandy.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Daughter monasteries in Wales were founded by Battle Abbeys, Sherborne, Cistercian and other church orders.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Of particular importance was the monastery of Tintern (Dindirne), founded by the Cistercians on the banks of the Wye River in 1131, and (Hendy-Gwin-on-Taw) in west Carmarthenshire.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Welsh Church was reorganized according to the English model, and by 1135 all Welsh bishops were henchmen of the Archbishop of Canterbury.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Attempts by St. Davids to free himself from the rule of Canterbury in the middle of the XII century were unsuccessful.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The tactics of war among the Normans and Welsh


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In the struggle for the subordination of Wales, two military systems collided: the Norman and the Welsh.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The military tactics of the Normans, based on the experience of hostilities in Northern France and the conquest of England, consisted in capturing and retaining the strongholds of power.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The purpose of the seizures was primarily arable land - the main source of wealth in feudal society and the main food resource for the army.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Therefore, the core of the Normandy army was a well-trained cavalry, consisting of professional military knights, and the most important means of maintaining power in the captured region was the construction of castles.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Welsh society, whose economy was focused on pastoralism in hilly and mountainous areas, developed a different tactic of war.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Welsh military forces were a militia of local residents, poorly trained and organized, consisting almost exclusively of infantry and designed to conduct inter-clan wars, seizures cattle and predatory campaigns [cn 5].


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

As the Normans approached, the Welsh easily went to the mountains with their property, and then attack small units or wait for the retreat of the main army.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The destruction of arable land by the Normans caused minor damage to the Welsh, whose farm was mainly cattle breeding.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Normans did not have the opportunity to give a general battle.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, the Welsh could not oppose anything to the castles quickly built in the valleys and at the intersection of communication routes, which became the main means of Anglo-Norman control in the region.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In the long run, the castles ensured the retention of Norman conquests in Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1135, almost all the fertile plains and valleys of South and Middle Wales were captured by the Anglo-Norman barons, but the mountains and hills were still under the control of the Welsh, capable of crushing the Norman power in the valleys during mass uprisings, as shown by the uprising of 1094.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The uprising of 1094 and its consequences


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1094, Wales was seized by a massive Welsh uprising against Norman power.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

It began in North Wales, then under the control of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, and Hugh de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The leaders of the rebels were Kadugan ap Bledin, ruler of Powys, and Gruffydd ap Keenan, King of Gwynedd, who escaped from prison.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Normans were thrown behind Conwy, their castles in northwest Wales destroyed.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Princes Chronicle describes these events as follows:


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Under the threat of a complete collapse of Normandy power in Wales, King William II Rufus hastily returned from Normandy, but his expedition to Gwynedd in 1095 completely failed: the Welsh were approaching The British army with all their possessions went to the mountains, and the lack of provisions, the approach of winter and constant guerrilla attacks of local residents forced the troops of William II to withdraw from Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Similarly, the attempted invasion of Gwynedd in 1097 ended.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

More successful at first was the operation of the Earls of Chester and Shrewsbury in 1098.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

They managed to walk along the northern coast and push Kadugan and Gruffydd to the island of Anglesey.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, in the Menai Strait, the Normans were unexpectedly attacked by the Norwegian-Gaelic fleet of Magnus Golonogy: the Norman detachment was completely defeated, and Hugh de Montgomery was killed.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The 1098 campaign was the last serious attempt by the Anglo-Norman barons to establish control of Snowdonia and Anglesey: from that time until the middle of the 13th century, the advance of the Normans in North Wales and hostilities were limited to clashes in the region east of Conwy, in an area called the Four Cantrevas (Pervedvlad, or “middle land”).


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Although King Henry I undertook a major expedition to Gwynedd in 1114, with the offensive conducted in three columns from different directions, it only resulted in a homage from Gruffydd ap Keenan and consent to the payment of feudal rent to the King of England.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Moreover, Gwynedd soon managed to push its eastern border back to Kloyd.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

South Wales was also engulfed in rebellion in 1093.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Welsh fierce attacks on Norman possessions and castles led to the liberation of most of the region.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Only Pembrokeshire, defended by Gerald of Windsor, as well as Brecknokshire, Gwent and the Glamorgan Valley remained under the rule of the Norman barons.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The ancient Welsh kingdoms of Deheibart and Powys have been restored.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, in the last years of the XI century, the gradual recapture of land by the Normans began.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The fall of the Montgomery house in 1102 after the rebellion of Robert Bellemsky and the transfer of Shropshire under the direct control of the English king somewhat eased the pressure on Middle Wales, but replaced Montgomery in this part of the country came new Anglo-Norman surnames, primarily Mortimers, who from their base at Wigmore Castle began expansion towards Powys.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Norman advance was facilitated by the re-outbreak of civil strife among the Welsh princes of South Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

After the assassination of Kadugan ap Bledin in 1111, the power of Powys kingdom quickly began to decline.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Pembrokeshire, from which the Welsh were expelled, began to be actively populated by English and Flemish colonists [sn 6], and was reorganized like an English county with its own sheriff and judicial administrative system.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Anglicization of Pembrokeshire has reached such a level that the area became known as “Little England beyond Wales”.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Other areas returned under the control of the Normadians: in Ceredigion from 1110, and in lower Gwent since 1119, the Anglo-Norman house de Claire was established, and Henry de Beaumont was entrenched in Gower.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Anglo-Norman power continued to strengthen in Brecnokshire, inherited by Constable Mile of Gloucester, and Glamorgan, which became part of the vast possessions of Robert, the side son of King Henry I.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The Normans did not seek to master the mountainous regions, focusing on holding valleys, for which several dozen more castles were built (Swansea, Cardigan, Aberystwyth, Carmarthen, etc.), and the system the management of the conquered lands was transformed on the model of Glamorgan and Pembrokeshire.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1135, the territory of South Wales had almost become an Anglo-Norman province, and the territories remaining under the control of the Welsh rulers had been reduced to several cantrevas.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Mid-12th Century Expansion and Its Collapse


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

On January 1, 1136, an uprising against the Anglo-Norman conquerors broke out again in South Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The impetus was the murder in Gwent of Richard de Claire, Earl of Hertford.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1137, Carmarthen was captured, then Llanstephan.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Soon, the Welsh expelled the Normans from Ceredigion and attacked castles and strongholds throughout Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The civil war that began in England between supporters of King Stephen and Empress Matilda did not allow organizing an effective rebuff to the rebels: the barons of the Welsh mark, mainly, supported Matilda, which made it impossible for the king's army to invade Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Soon, almost the entire territory of Wales, with the exception of Pembrokeshire and some border areas, was liberated from Normandy power.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

This success was consolidated by the fact that Gwynedd and Deheibart were led by talented and strong statesmen — Owain Gwynedd and Rhys ap Griffydd, respectively.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

By 1154, they had managed to capture important Norman fortresses in the north (Mold and Rudlan) and south (Tenby and Aberavon).


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Only the stabilization of the domestic and foreign policy situation in England after the accession to the throne of Henry II made it possible to resume Norman expansion.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1157, the King invaded North Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The campaign was well organized: counting on a protracted war, Henry II formed a small but well-trained army, including Shropshire archers capable of pursuing the Welsh in hilly and mountainous terrain, enlisted the support of King Powys and provided the assistance of the fleet.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, the course of hostilities was unsuccessful for the British, the king himself barely escaped capture.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

As a result, peace was made: Owain Gwynedd brought homage to Henry II, handed over the hostages, and agreed to return the lands east of Kloyd to the British.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The following year, Henry II's troops attacked Deheibart and forced Rhys ap Gruffydd to abandon all his possessions, with the exception of the Grand Cantrev.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

However, Rees's resistance was not broken: over the following years, in the south-west of Wales there was an almost incessant war between the Welsh and the Anglo-Norman barons.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

In 1163, Rhys ap Gruffydd was captured, but soon released, and in 1164 led a new uprising in South Wales, which was supported by Owain Gwynedd.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

To suppress it in 1165, Henry II formed a large army, which included mercenaries from Flanders, knights of the French possessions of the king, lightly armed infantry and a Scandinavian fleet Vikings from Dublin.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

But rainy weather, blurred roads, food shortages and the successful maneuvering of Owain Gwynedd's army recruited from all over Wales forced the British to retreat.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The failure of the expedition was the end of Henry II's attempts to subdue Wales, “the grave of his Welsh ambitions,” in the words of John Lloyd [9].


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Gwynedd and Deheibart retained their independence and even expanded their influence: Owain Gwynedd captured the Norman castles Basingwerk in 1166 and Rudlan in 1167, pushing the border to the mouth of Dee, and Rhys ap Griffydd completed the conquest of Ceredigion, taking Cardigan Castle in 1166, and then subordinated parts of Middle Wales.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Consolidation period (late 12th — early 13th century)


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The failure of Henry II's attempts to subdue Wales by military means forced the English king to change his policy.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

This was also facilitated by the aggravation of internal problems, the complication of relations with France and, most importantly, the conquest of Ireland, initiated at the first stage by the major Anglo-Norman barons of Pembrokeshire ( Robert Fitz-Stefan, Maurice Fitz-Gerald and Richard de Claire).


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

On the one hand, their departure to Ireland eliminated the main opponents of Rhys ap Gruffydd in South Wales, and on the other hand, the success of these barons in Ireland caused the discontent of King Henry II, who feared excessive strengthening of aristocratic clans to the detriment of royal power.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Already in 1171, Henry II made a radical turn in policy towards Wales: instead of supporting the Anglo-Norman feudal lords, he went to rapprochement with the Welsh princes.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

A peace treaty was concluded between the King of England and Rice ap Gruffydd, which recognized the conquests of Rice in southwest Wales and his power over Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire, and the ruler of Deheibart, in turn, took an oath of allegiance to Henry II and undertook to pay feudal rent.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

The following year, at a meeting between Henry II and Rhys ap Gruffydd in Laugharne, the latter was appointed Chief Justice (Justicar) of Wales, which probably implied certain judicial and administrative rights in against the Anglo-Norman barons of the Welsh Mark.


Question: Which ruler conquered Wales in the second half of the 13th century?

Norman expansion in Wales

Over the following years, relations between England and Deheybart remained friendly, Rees visited the king several times, and his new castle in Cardigan became the political center of all of Wales.