Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Since ancient times, it has developed continuously, without sharp turns, similar to those experienced by Western philosophy, which often changed its direction of development.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Its oldest texts are found in the Vedas (1500 BC).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Almost all literature on Indian philosophy is written in Sanskrit.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Since most of the changes in Indian philosophy were related to commenting on major, authoritative texts, old European philosophical researchers believed that Indian philosophy should be defined as the prehistory of philosophy, while in fact its development went in parallel with the development of Western philosophy, albeit in other forms.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The question of the existence in India of an equivalent to the European term “philosophy” is a traditional subject of discussion in Indology, to which scientists and philosophers give different, often opposite answers.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Like medieval Western European philosophy, Indian philosophy also dealt mainly with religious issues.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

However, she paid more attention to thinking about the transcendent.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Because Hindus believe in the eternity of a cyclically renewed world process, Indian philosophy did not create a philosophy of history itself.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Aesthetics and the doctrine of society and the state are special, separate sciences for them.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

In its historical development, Indian philosophy falls into three periods:


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The Vedic period (1500—500 BC).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Classical or Brahmano Buddhist (500 BC — 1000 AD).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The period is post-classical, or Hindu (from 1000).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Vedic period


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The worldview of the Rigveda and other Vedas, as well as brahmanism (texts on sacrifices, since 1000 BC), is extreme pluralism: gods, people, animals, plants, elements, seasons, cardinal points, sacrifices, qualities, body parts, spiritual abilities, etc., are all life-endowed substances that are connected to each other, mutually penetrate each other and can to transform into one another, which is achieved through magical actions.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The number of these possibilities is decreasing as we discover more and more their genetic relationship to each other: every fire is a manifestation of the Fire God, every eye is a manifestation of the Sun God, etc. d. The world and its phenomena are considered as an improvement of the primary essence (purusha).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

In the philosophical treatises of the Upanishads (secret teaching, from 800 BC), the doctrine of universal unity finds its valid form for the entire later time in the view that the cosmos is based forever the real is Brahman, from which everything that exists has developed, and which is identical to the eternal inner core of the individual, Atman.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

There is also a theory about the migration of souls, about the subsequent effect of good and bad deeds — karma, which determines the new existence of the living being, as well as longing desire break out of the cycle of repetitive births — samsara — through asceticism and the acquisition of higher knowledge, the decisive factor in the entire subsequent history of the spirit.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Classic period


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

During this period, there is an interest in ethical issues.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Agnostics, materialists and fatalists oppose brahmanas and reformists.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Along with brahmanism, atheistic lokayata and creeds now appear.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Schools of philosophy called darshans are developing.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Later, they are divided into orthodox (based on the teachings of the Vedas) and unorthodox.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Unorthodox darshans:


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Buddhism (Pali, Buddha Dhamma, “Teaching of the Awakened”) is a religious and philosophical doctrine (dharma) about spiritual awakening (bodhi) that arose around the 6th century BC.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

in Southeast Asia based on the ideas of Buddha Shakyamuni.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Jainism (Skt. , jaina? from Skt. Yes, jina? , “winner”) is a religious and philosophical doctrine that arose in India around the 6th century BC.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

, which denies the authority of the Vedas and the superiority of the hereditary caste of priests.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Orthodox darshans:


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Mimansa (the “explanation” of the Vedic text on sacrifices) deals with the explanation of ritual, but in its methods can be attributed to atheistic pluralist systems.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas) in the Brahma Sutra, based on the Upanishads and Bhagavadgita, teaches about the origin of the world from Brahman; individual souls automatically through knowledge or love of Godhead — bhakti — achieve salvation, achieve unity with God without merging with him.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Influenced by the idealism of late Buddhist philosophy, Shankara (circa 800 AD) gives the texts a new interpretation that considers the previous doctrine of the real transformation of Brahma only as an inferior the stage of truth is an appearance of truth; in fact, all diversity is an illusion (maya), individual souls are identical to the invariable Brahma.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Sankhya (“reasonable weighing” or “enumeration”) preaches atheistic pluralism: the primordial matter only seems to be related to a kind of soul-spirit; overcoming this illusion guarantees exemption,


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Yoga (tension, training) is the practice of contemplation; its theoretical basis is Sankhya, but it is also recognized as a personal God.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Nyaya (rule, logic) is a doctrine of forms of thinking that has developed a five-membered syllogism.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Vaisheshika merged into one system with yoga, who sought to distinguish between everything that opposes us in the outer and inner world.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Vaisheshika developed the doctrine of categories and atomism; being theistic, she saw the liberation of man in separating the soul from everything material and turning it into an organ of thinking.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Jainism and Buddhism are non-theistic creeds.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

While the former recognizes eternal spiritual monads and material entities, the latter denies the existence of an immutable substance.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The personality and the world it knows are born due to the interaction of naturally occurring transient factors — the dharma.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The recognition that there is no fixed individual, but only a stream of interacting dharmas, is a prerequisite for achieving nirvana.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The extreme pluralism of early Buddhism, the pluralism of Theravada, is the opposite of the pantheism of the Mahayana, or the “big chariot”.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

According to the “middle teaching” of Nagarjuna (1st-2nd centuries), dharmas do not have true existence, for they are transient; only the incomprehensible “emptiness” accessible only to contemplation is real.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Samsara and nirvana are the same thing from the highest point of view of reality.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

In the later teaching of Asanga and Vasubandhu (1st-4th centuries) on the “uniqueness of consciousness”, Buddhism is closer to Vedanta in that it considers the spiritual as the ultimate being, perceived through yoga, when the outside world is known as a projection of consciousness.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Hindu period (since 1000)


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Buddhism in India is fading away, Jainism is losing its significance.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Vedanta and Nyaya-vaisheshika are still developing; primarily characterized by the emergence of realistic Vishnuit and Shivaite systems, which, in a scholastic form, tried to prove that Brahman The brahminist sutras are God Vishnu, or Shiva.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

These teachings were partly dominated by tantrism and shaktism.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Since 1000, under the influence of Islam, a number of monotheistic creeds have arisen: (Kabirpanthi, Sikhism).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The modern period


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Indian philosophy has had a huge impact on world culture.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Arthur Schopenhauer, one of the greatest German philosophers of the XIX century, under the influence of the Upanishads, was the first famous European thinker to synthesize Western European and Indian philosophy.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

At the end of the 19th century, the Indian philosopher and public figure Swami Vivekananda played a special role in the popularization of Indian philosophical thought in the United States and Europe.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Since the 19th century, under the influence of Western European thought, there have been teachings that are modernized theism, or pantheism (Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, the teachings of R. Tagore, M. Gandhi, Aurobindo Ghosh).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

The Indian philosopher Dev Atma (1850—1929) created a system of philosophical naturalism.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Modern Indian philosophy (S. Radhakrishnan) made efforts to combine the Indian and Western concepts of good.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Indian philosophy is based on Elena Blavatsky's spiritual hybrid - theosophy (the theosophical society was founded in 1875, the residence is Adyar, near Madras) and the directions departing from it ( anthroposophy, etc.).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Among the representatives of Indian philosophy of the 20th century are Pulla Tirupati Raja (1904—1992), Daya Krishna (b. 1924), Pravas Jivan Chaudhury (1916—1961), Abdul Rahman (b. 1923), K. Satchidananda Murthy (b. 1924), Mar Gregorios (1922—1996).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

It should be borne in mind that many modern Indian philosophers, while maintaining an inextricable link with their philosophical tradition, live and work outside India.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

One of the most significant of these is Jitendra Nath Mohanty (b. 1928).


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

He is known both as a phenomenologist and a historian of Indian philosophy.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1918—1993) was widely known among philosophers who adhere to the Marxist tradition, making a significant contribution to the study of ancient Indian philosophy.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

In the West, many trends appeared that use elements of Indian philosophy, which later became part of the culture of the new age.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

See also


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Hindu philosophy


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Notes


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Literature


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

in Russian


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

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Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

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Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

in other languages


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Carmen Dragonetti: Essays on Indian philosophy in comparative perspective.


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy

Hildesheim [u.a.], Olms, 2009


Question: When did Indian philosophy come about?

Indian philosophy


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The East Pomeranian Operation is a strategic offensive military operation of the armed forces of the USSR against the troops of Nazi Germany from February 10 to April 4, 1945 during the Great Patriotic War (1941—1945).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Background


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

As a result of the Vistula-Oder operation, Soviet troops reached the Oder River and captured bridgeheads on its western bank.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 1st Belorussian Front crossed the Oder near Kyustrin and were only 60 km from Berlin.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The German command began deploying in Eastern Pomerania part of the forces of the Vistula Army Group under the command of SS Reichsfuhrer G. Himmler with the task of striking at the right wing of the 1st Belorussian Front, defeating his troops in the Kyustrin area and disrupting the preparation of the Soviet offensive on Berlin.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Having learned about the concentration of German forces in Eastern Pomerania, the Soviet Supreme High Command on February 8 ordered the 2nd Belarusian Front to defeat the East Pomeranian group, to establish control over the Danzig-Gdynia area and clear the Baltic Sea coast from the mouth of the Vistula to the Oder from the enemy.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

From the Soviet side, troops of the 1st and 2nd Belarusian Fronts were involved in the operation - the 2nd Shock, the 3rd Shock, the 19th, 47th, 49th, 61st, 65th, 70th Armies, the 1st and 2nd Guards Tank Armies, 2 Guards Cavalry Corps, 1st Army of the Polish Army, 4th, 6th and 18th Air Armies.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In total, the front armies included 78 rifle divisions, 10 tank and mechanized corps, 4 brigades, 2 fortified areas, in the army of the Polish Army - 5 infantry divisions, 1 cavalry brigade and 1 separate tank brigade — a total of 920,500 soldiers.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front consisted of 45 rifle divisions, 3 cavalry divisions, 3 tank and 1 mechanized corps, 1 separate tank brigade and 1 fortified area, as part of the troops of the 1st The Belarusian Front involved in the operation consisted of 27 rifle divisions, 3 cavalry divisions, 2 mechanized and 4 tank corps, 2 separate tank brigades, 1 self - propelled - artillery brigade and 1 fortified area.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Initially, the task of defeating German troops in Eastern Pomerania was entrusted to the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front under the command of Marshal K. K. Rokossovsky, but later the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front were also involved in participation.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The German Army Group Vistula, which was on the defensive in Eastern Pomerania, as of February 10, 1945 consisted of the 2, 11 armies (39 Tank Corps and 3 SS Tank Corps, 10 Panzer Division, 11 SS Grenadier Division “Nordland”, 15th SS Grenadier Division), 3 Panzer Army.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In total, the Vistula Army Group consisted of more than 30 divisions and brigades, including 8 tank divisions, garrisons of fortresses and 8 combat groups.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

About 300 aircraft for various purposes were based at the airfields of Eastern Pomerania.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Active support to the land units was provided by the German fleet, based in Gdynia, Danzig and Kohlberg, carrying out transportation, transferring units, as well as providing fire support to the troops with guns large and medium caliber.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The German group in Eastern Pomerania was personally led by Reichsfuhrer SS Heinrich Himmler.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Troop positions at the start of the


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In front of the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front, units of the 2nd German Field Army stood in defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Against the right wing of the front in the section from St. Elbing to g. Shvets were the 20th, 23rd army corps and the Rappard corps group.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

They occupied the defense along the left bank of the Nogat and Vistula rivers, and also held the Graudenz fortress.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On the Vistula River, on the Shvets-Linde section, formations of the German 27 Army, 46 Tank and 18 Mountain Rifle Corps defended.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

There were up to 12 divisions in the first line, and 4-6 divisions in the second line of defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Units of the 11th German Army operated in front of the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front: on the Linde-Kallis section, the Tettau Corps Group, two Landwehr divisions and troops of the 10 SS Corps; in the Kallis section - Hornbeams of the formation of the 2 Army, 3 and 39 Tank Corps, the 10 SS Corps and three reserve divisions.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the Red Army had to overcome the most powerful fortified defense, saturated with all types of engineering structures.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Eastern Pomerania is a hilly plain with lots of forest.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The highest point is Mount Turmberg, which is 331 meters high.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Many rivers, lakes and canals were used for defensive purposes, fortified and adapted for long-term defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The main line of defense of the Germans in Pomerania is the so-called Pomeranian Wall, built on the Polish-German border in 1933 and ran from the Stolpmünde area to the Warta and Oder rivers along the border: Stolp, Rummelsburg, Neustettin, Schneidemuhl.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The basis of the Pomeranian fortifications was reinforced concrete structures - pillboxes, caponiers and semi-caponiers, field-type structures covered with numerous minefields, hollows, anti-tank ditches, filled with water, a network of wire barriers.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The cities of Stolp, Rummelsburg, Deutsch Krone, Schneidemuhl, Neustettin were key strongholds of the Pomeranian Wall, in fact, fortress cities.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In the coastal area, near Danzig, Gdynia and in the Hel area, fortified areas were prepared, in the areas of Leba, Rügenwaldemünde, Stolpmunde and Kohlberg, artillery positions were equipped for heavy artillery.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The most powerful defense units were the cities of Gdynia and Danzig, the most heavily fortified and prepared for long-term defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In the Danzig area, two defense lines were prepared with a large number of trenches, trenches, machine-gun points and bunkers.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The first defensive strip consisted of 5 trench lines, had a length of 3 to 5 km and passed along the Burgerwiesen, Ora, Proust, Unter Kalbude and Gletkau lines.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The second defense zone had three components: the first was the defensive line - Bankau, height 160, Oliva, with a depth of 1 to 2.5 km, the second - the defensive line - Takendorf, Lauental, Brösen, it consisted of two trench lines.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The third defensive line ran directly along the outskirts of Danzig.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The second line of defense passed 5-7 km from the city.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In the south-east of Danzig there was a canal, and the area as a whole was impassable for tanks, in addition, on the same side there were forts of the old fortress, adapted for defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In Danzig itself, all stone buildings were prepared for firing, numerous machine-gun points, positions for artillery, windows of houses were laid with sandbags and bricks.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The neighborhoods were connected by trenches, barricades were erected on the main streets, and all intersections of streets were shot from several directions from pillboxes and bunkers.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Gdynia was also strongly strengthened.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The defensive area near Gdynia included two lines of defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Within a radius of 12-15 km from the city, an almost continuous chain of trenches, barriers and trenches with artillery positions, pillboxes and bunkers was prepared, reinforced with minefields and several strips wire fences.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The first line of defense passed along the line of Tsoppot, Kvashin, Reda, Reva and had a length of 3 to 5 km in depth.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The second defense line consisted of three trench lines and was prepared 5-7 km from Gdynia, at the line of Kolibken, Weltzendorf and Janowo, and there were 4-5 pillboxes and bunkers per 1 km of the front.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Gdynia was also prepared for street fighting, the city was blocked by barricades, tank dangerous areas were mined, all streets and intersections were shot through, numerous artillery positions were prepared, mortar and machine-gun points, positions of faustcartridge fighters.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

To the north of Gdynia, at the heights near the settlements of Oxheft, Oblush and Casimir, a defensive line was also prepared, on which German troops were to gain a foothold in the event of a withdrawal from Gdynia.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Between the Gdyn and Danzig defensive areas, along the lines of Tsukau, Exau, Koble, Kolletzkau, height 221, a defensive position of three trenches was built, and a solid position was arranged in front of the position minefield.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

A strong defensive line, 3-5 km deep, was also built on the left bank of the Vistula River, from the city of Bydgoszcz to the mouth of the Vistula River, with a large number of field-type structures — bunkers, with prepared anti - tank obstacles and a large number of wire fences.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 1st and 2nd Belarusian Fronts had to overcome such a difficult defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Preparations for the operation required the transfer of a large number of troops, the acceleration of the repair of railways and roads in the front strip in order to speed up the supply of ammunition and other equipment for the troops, a lot of work has been done by road, railway, sapper and engineering units.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Operation progress


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 10, 1945, the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front from the line of Graudenz, Zempelburg launched an offensive and advanced from 5 to 10 km during the day of the battle.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 2 shock army completed the defeat of the garrison of the previously blocked city. Elbing (Elblag) and liberated the city.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 65 Army occupied the cities of Shvets and Shenau, units of the 49 Army met very strong resistance and were able to advance only 2-3 km.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The Germans launched numerous counterattacks using tanks in order to prevent the offensive.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The offensive was also greatly hampered by the conditions of thaw and swampy terrain.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

For five days, the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front advanced 15-40 km, overcoming stubborn resistance.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 15, 1945, units of the 70 Army, the 1 Guards Tank Corps and the 3 Guards Cavalry Corps occupied the city of Chojnice, a powerful fortified point and a major transport hub, where 8 highways and 6 railways converged.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The fighting for the city was fierce.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Tankers of the 1st Guards Tank Corps were the first to break into the streets of the city and seized the station, rifle units knocked out the Germans from their positions block by block.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

February 16, 1945 Moscow saluted the valiant troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front with 21 volleys of 220 guns, which liberated St. Chojnice.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Many units and formations were awarded high government awards, and some of them were awarded the honorary names “Khoinitsky”.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Also, units of the 70 Army occupied the city of Tukholya on February 15.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 16, 1945, units of the 2 Shock Army joined the operation, which completed the regrouping and returned to their original positions.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The resistance of the Germans was extremely fierce, the Soviet troops had to literally gnaw out strongholds and resistance nodes from the Germans.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In particular, the troops of the 76th Guards and 385th Rifle Divisions only after stubborn battles, often ended in hand-to-hand combat, occupied the settlements of Guttowitz, Johannesberg, Kveki and Klodnya.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Fierce battles took place in the Chersky direction, where the troops of the 49 Army were advancing.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On the night of February 17, units of the 385 and 191 Infantry Divisions managed to cross the Schwarzwasser River near the village of Sauermühle with improvised means and occupy St. Osh is a strong stronghold on the way to Osh. Chersk.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On the outskirts of this city, along the line - height 122.1 and 129.3, Lake Tuchno, the right bank of the Wilgarten River, a strong defense was created.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Repeated attempts by the 199th Infantry Division to overcome this defense were unsuccessful.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Taking into account the failures of the past battles, the commander of the 492nd Rifle Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel S. P. Lyamaev decided to break through the enemy's defense in this area with a sudden blow from a small detachment at night.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The swift attack stunned the enemy, and he did not open fire in the first 15-20 minutes.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

This was enough for the detachment to break into the depths of the enemy's defense and attack their positions at the height.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The capture by units of the 492nd Rifle Regiment of the enemy's stronghold violated the entire system of its defense at this line.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The enemy, not knowing the current situation and the number of our forces that went on the offensive at night, fearing the encirclement, began to withdraw its forces to the north-west to Chersk.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Units of the 199th Infantry Division, having established the enemy's withdrawal that had begun, proceeded to pursuit.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Together with the 492nd Rifle Regiment, the neighboring 584th Rifle Regiment began to attack.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

They quickly moved forward and literally on the shoulders of the retreating enemy broke into St. Chersk and by one o'clock in the morning cleared it of the enemy.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Strong battles took place in the offensive zone of the 238 and 139 Infantry Divisions of the 49 Army, in the area of the station.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Lonsk and Gonskinets settlement.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

At the turn of Meva, Chersk, Khoinitsa, the offensive of the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front was temporarily suspended due to increasing resistance and the need to strengthen the attacking groups.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Units of the 19th Army of Lieutenant General Kozlov G. K.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Advancing for several days, by February 19, 1945, the front troops had advanced 50-70 km deep into the German defense, but nevertheless could not fulfill the original tasks.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The offensive in the zone of the 1st Belorussian Front, where units of the 47, 61, 1 and 2 Guards Tank Armies, the 1 Army of the Polish Army and the 2 Guards Cavalry Corps were advancing, also developed slow.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 10, units of the 1st Army of the Polish Army took Merkisch-Fridland (Miroslavets), on February 11, units of the 47 Army occupied St. Deutsch Krone.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 16, 1945, the Germans, with the forces of six tank divisions, launched a counterattack on the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front from the Stargard area and forced the 47 Army to withdraw 8-12 km, occupying the cities of Piritz (Pyzhice), Ban (Bang), but on February 20, they went on the defensive everywhere.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The 93, 126, 225 and 290 Infantry Divisions were transferred from Courland to reinforce Army Group Vistula.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

It was also planned to transfer units of the 6 Tank Army, but the even more difficult situation on the southern wing of the front, in Hungary, forced the German command to transfer tank units to this front area.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 24, 1945, the Red Army's offensive resumed.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

It was supposed to strike in the direction of Kezlin and cut the German group in Pomerania into two parts, which were later supposed to be destroyed: the eastern one by the forces of the 2nd Belorussian Front, the western one by the 1st Belorussian Front.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The task of the 2nd Belorussian Front was to defeat the 2 German Army in the area of Gdynia and Danzig and clean the sea coast, the 1st Belorussian Front - to destroy units of the 11th with strikes on Altdamm, Gollnov and Kamin German army and reach the coast of Stettin Bay and the Pomeranian Bay.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 24, the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front struck the main blow by the forces of the 19 and 70 armies from the area south-west of Chojnice in the direction of Kezlin.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The German defense was broken along the front in a section 12 km long, and the army troops managed to advance 10-12 km during the day of the fighting.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The Germans launched repeated counterattacks with the support of tanks and aircraft, but were forced to retreat.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 25, the breakthrough front was expanded to 30 km.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 26, units of the 19 Army captured large German defense points - the cities of Baldenberg (Bialy Bur) (together with units of the 3 Guards Tank Corps), Pollnov (Polyanow), Schlochau (Czluchow) and Stegers (Zhechenitsa).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

By the end of February 27, the front troops had advanced into the depth of the German defense to 70 km, occupying the cities of Bublitz and Hammerstein (Czarne).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On February 28, units of the 19 and 70 armies cleared the cities of Neustettin (Szczecinek) and Prehlau (Przechlewo) from the Germans.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 1, 1945, after a powerful artillery preparation, the offensive of the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front began, and the 3rd Shock Army of General N. P. Simonyak, the 61st Army of General P. A. Belov and the 1st Army of the Polish Army.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

As a result of a strong blow by our rifle and tank formations, the German defense in the offensive zone of the 3 shock army was broken through by the end of March 1 to a depth of 15-25 km.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The 5th German Infantry Division, which was hit by the Soviet troops, was defeated.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Its remnants began to move along forest roads to Drumburg.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The defeated units of the German 14th Panzer Division in scattered groups also began to retreat to Wangerin, throwing wagons, military equipment and weapons.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The battles to break through the German defense in the offensive zone of the 61 Army took place somewhat differently.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Taking up defense in pre-prepared positions, at the turn of the river. Inna, the Germans offered fierce resistance.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 61 Army first had to overcome the water barrier and only after that, turning around on the opposite bank of the river. Inna, they could be attacking enemy positions.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Later, the 1st and 2nd Guards Tank Armies entered the battle.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

During March 2-4, stubborn and bloody battles took place throughout the offensive zone.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

During the first two days of the offensive, our troops advanced 90 km by advanced units, and 65 km by the main forces.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Particularly fierce resistance was met by the front troops in Bellegarde, Neustettin and Rummelsburg.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 3, they were occupied by Berwalde (by the forces of the 2 Guards Cavalry Corps, Lieutenant General Kryukov V. V.), Vangerin (265 Infantry Division of Major General Krasilnikov D.E.), Labes, Tempelburg (Chaplinek), Freienwalde (Hotzivel), Schifelbein (Swidwin), March 4 units of the 3 Shock Army, 1st Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Tank Army and 1 Army of the Polish Army liberated the cities of Dramburg and Falkenburg (Zlocenets), on March 5 - by tankers of the 8 Guards Mechanized Corps, Major General Dremov I. F. from the 1 Guards Tank Army was taken by Bellegard (Bialogard), the 2 Guards Army - the cities of Greifenberg, Gultsov, Naugard and Plate (Ploty), and the 2 Guards Cavalry Corps - St. Polcin (Polczyn-Zdroj) As a result of a rapid offensive in the area southeast of Bellegarde at the end of the day on March 4, 4 German divisions of the 10 SS Corps were surrounded (on March 7, this group was destroyed).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The Germans understood the complexity of the situation and sought at any cost to delay the advance of the Red Army troops, in particular, the Jutland and Netherlands regiments were transferred to the Kezlin area, officer school, Charlemagne infantry brigade and Esber battalion.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

But despite all this, on March 5, the soldiers of the 19th Army stormed Kezlin, in the battles for which units of the 32 and 15 Infantry Divisions, the 1 SS Infantry Division, the Politsay Division and the SS tank division “Dead Head”, and the front troops managed to reach the sea coast, the German group in Pomerania was cut into two parts.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The first to go to sea were the tankers of the 45th Guards Tank Brigade of Colonel N. IN. Morgunova.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On the same day, the tankers of the 1st Guards Tank Army managed to occupy St. Kerlin.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

During March 5-13, 1945, the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front fought with the defeated units of the 11th German Army, completely defeating the 5 Light Infantry Division and causing serious damage to the 15, 163rd Infantry, The 402nd Reserve Infantry Divisions and the Berwalde Infantry Division blocked the garrison of St. Kohlberg, who continued to resist.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 5, units of the 61 Army, with the support of the 16th Air Army, captured St. Stargard (Stargard Szczecinski).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 6, tankers of the 2 Guards Tank Army occupied a large fortified point - the city of Kamin, and on March 7, after three days of stubborn fighting, they stormed St. Gollnov, in the battles for which units of the 52 Guards Rifle Division distinguished themselves.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 61 Army on the same day, March 7, took St. Massov (Mashevo), and the 3rd Shock Army - g. Shtepenitz (Stepnitsa).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The main forces of the German 11th Army retreated to Altdamm, attempts to take which failed on the move.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The Germans managed to occupy the defensive lines and met the advancing with a shower of artillery, mortar and machine-gun fire and counterattacks.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front continued their offensive, knocking out the stubbornly defending enemy.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Aviation actively helped the advancing troops, bombing enemy battle formations, rear areas, roads and communication points, almost continuously bombing, including at night.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 3, the 19th Army liberated the city, stubbornly defended by the Germans. Rummelsburg (Miastko), whose garrison was further strengthened by the 4 SS Tank Group, the 203 Infantry Division and the 549 th Volksstorm Division, on March 4, the tankers of the 1 Guards Tank Army took Treptow (Trzebiatow) and Regenwalde (Resko).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 6, the troops of the 2 Shock Army knocked out the Germans from Grudziedz and Preisisch Stargard (Starogard Gdanski), and on March 7 they took St. Meve (Anger).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 8, units of the 49 Army - the 191 SD of Major General Lyaskin G.O., part of the forces of the 385th SD of Major General Suprunov M. F. was captured by the city of Berent, the troops of the 70 Army - the 38 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

sd Colonel Abdullayev Yu.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

M., 165th SD of Colonel Kaladze N. I., 369th SD Colonel Golubev I. A. — g. Butov (Bytow), and units of the 19th Army and the 4th Air Army - g. Stolp (Slupsk).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Parts of the left flank of the 2nd Belorussian Front for 4 days of fighting — March 10-13 — advanced 75-80 km forward, and approached the fortifications of the Gdyn and Danzig fortified areas, where they were detained stubbornly resistance of the Germans, who prepared for defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 10, units of the 49 Army took St. Karthaus, and units by the 19th Army — g. Lauenburg (Lebork).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 11, units of the 2 Shock Army occupied the city of Dirshau (Tchev), on March 12, 1945, units of the 40 Guards Rifle Corps of the 19 Army and the 8 Guards Mechanized Corps of the 1 Guards the army took the city of Neustadt (Wejherowo).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

A large German garrison in this city was defeated, more than 1,000 soldiers and officers surrendered.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In addition, units of the 1 Guards Tank Army also occupied the city of Putzig (Puck) and reached the coast of the Baltic Sea near Danzig Bay, occupying about 100 more settlements, including Kvashin, Gnevau, Gross-Schlatau, Sellistrau, Shlavosin, Polcin, Karven, Kolletzkau, Reshke, Verblin.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 14-18, bloody battles took place in Kohlberg, on the outskirts of which units of the Soviet army reached on March 5, and where the Germans offered fierce and fierce resistance with the despair of the doomed.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 18, units of the 1st Army of the Polish Army and tankers of the 1st Guards Tank Army completely defeated the German garrison of Kohlberg and liberated the city.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 16-20, the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front fought to eliminate German units that had withdrawn to the Altdamm area.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Units of the 4th SS Mechanized Division, the 28th SS Infantry Division, the 1st Marine Division and the 379th Infantry Regiment of the 169 Infantry Division defended here.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The average density was 5-7 km of front per division.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The defending enemy troops were reinforced by one brigade of assault guns (108 assault guns), five artillery divisions of RGK artillery, one anti-tank battalion (except 36 anti-tank 75-mm guns, this division had three companies of tank destroyers armed with faustpatrons).


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 20, 1945, after stubborn and bloody battles, Altdamm was captured by the troops of the 61 Army.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In total, as a result of the defeat of the Altdamm group, the Germans lost more than 40,000 soldiers killed, captured more than 12,000 prisoners, 126 tanks and self-propelled guns, more than 200 guns of various calibers, 154 mortars and many other weapons and military equipment.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

During the capture of the city, units of the 12 and 75 Guards Rifle Divisions, the 23, 212 and 234 Infantry Divisions, tankers of the 312 Guards, 1811, 1818, 1899 self-propelled artillery distinguished themselves regiments, the 88th Separate Heavy Tank Regiment, gunners of the 63rd Howitzer Brigade and the 97th Heavy Howitzer Brigade, the 32nd and 41st Guards Mortar Divisions, pilots of the 3rd Bomber Air Corps and the 3rd Fighter Air Corps of the 16th Air Army.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In Moscow, in honor of the troops who liberated Altdamm, fireworks were given with 12 artillery volleys from 124 guns.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 1st Belorussian Front, having defeated the German group east of the Oder, thus ensured the security of their flank and could focus on the preparation of the Berlin operation.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front had to defeat the strongest part of the East Pomeranian group - the 2 Army, which occupied the Gdyn and Danzig defensive fortifications.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

From March 14 to March 22, 1945, fierce battles took place to break through the German defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Fierce fighting ensued on the entire front of the offensive, which took place with short breaks day and night.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 49 and 70 armies advanced on Tsoppot, having the task of cutting the enemy's Dansig-Gdyn grouping into two isolated groups, seizing the Oliva, Tsoppot, Kolibken border and reaching this line to Danzig Bay.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Overcoming the stubborn resistance of the Germans, the formations of the 49 and 70 armies slowly moved towards their intended goal, literally gnawing one position after another.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The fighting was so stubborn that the advance of Soviet troops on other days was only hundreds of meters.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Sometimes the destruction of a large stronghold of defense took several days.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The Germans sometimes carried out up to twenty counterattacks with the support of tanks, in order to maintain the occupied lines.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 25, the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front took the settlement of Tsoppot and reached the coast of Danzig Bay, cutting the German group into two parts - Gdyn and Danzig.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Units of the 46 and 7 Tank Corps - 32, 73, 215, 227, 252, 389 Infantry Divisions, 4 and 7 Panzer Divisions, in Danzig - units of the 18 Mountain Jaeger, 20, 23, 27 army corps - 7, 23, 31, 35, 83, 251 and 337 Infantry Divisions, 12 Air Field Division and 549 Volkssturm Division, Humpel Combat Group and two penal battalions.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On the Putziger-Nerung spit, the enemy's 55 Army Corps was defending as part of the 61 Infantry Division, coastal defense units and the remnants of various units.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On the outskirts of Gdynia, the Germans created a powerful defense, saturated with long-term reinforced concrete, concrete-stone and wood-earth structures adapted for long-term defense with stone buildings, a large number of trenches and various kinds of barriers.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In the defense system, when organizing strong points, the Germans widely used the structures of stationary anti-aircraft batteries, the guns of which were used to fire both air and ground goals.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The presence of reinforced concrete buildings and structures and favorable terrain conditions contributed to the creation of a strong defense around Gdynia.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The coastal strip in the Gdynia region is especially convenient for organizing defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Hilly ridges with marks up to 160-170 m above sea level cover the city from the south-west.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Numerous ravines, heights with steep slopes, dense forest covering the area by almost 75% give the area a sharply rugged character.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The only good road running from the west to Gdynia for 12 km in front of the city passes through a continuous chain of settlements (Janowo, Zagorsh, Cissau, Killau, Grabau), which mainly consisted of made of solid stone buildings and were easily adapted to defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

To the north of Gdynia there is a small plateau that rises 60-80 m above the surrounding area. This plateau, or the so-called Oxhefst bridgehead, is surrounded from the east and partly from the south by the sea, and from the north, west and south-west by a swampy lowland.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On this plateau, the enemy created strong fortifications, which, combined with the natural conditions of the area, covered the approaches to Gdynia from the north.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Terrain conditions (rugged terrain, swamps, forest and sea) strengthened the German defense and, conversely, made it extremely difficult for the Soviet troops to advance.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

With a relative lack of roads, it was impossible to use tanks and self-propelled artillery mounts with full efficiency.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The attacks of the Soviet troops were replaced by German counterattacks.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In some areas, units of the 19 Army repelled 15-20 German counterattacks per day.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In Gdynia, the Germans widely used coastal and naval artillery - 12 batteries of coastal artillery and artillery of 10-12 warships almost continuously fired at the advancing.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 24, the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front broke into the suburbs and streets of Gdynia, and on March 26 began storming the city.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On the night of March 27, the Germans began to retreat to the Oxhoft bridgehead.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

During the day, the defeated German units, resisting in the city center, throwing military equipment, ammunition and other military equipment and the wounded, partly sought to board steamers in the port, part of them fought back to a bridgehead in the Oxhoeft area.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On March 28, 1945, after long, stubborn and bloody battles in the city where the Germans fought for every house and trench, units of the 19th, 70th, and 1st Guards Tank Armies stormed Gdynia — Pomerania's largest port, and the suburbs of Killau, Grabau and Cissau.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In the battles in the Gdynia area, German troops lost more than 50,000 soldiers and officers killed, 229 tanks and self-propelled guns, 387 field guns, more than 70,000 rifles and assault rifles, 1003 machine guns, more than 3,500 cars.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Soviet troops took 18,985 prisoners, captured about 200 tanks and self-propelled guns, 600 guns of various calibers and purposes, 1,068 machine guns, 71 aircraft, 6,246 cars, 20 different ships, including the faulty battleships Silesia and Schleswig Holstein, and the battleship Gneisenau.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Part of the Gdynia group - one tank, one motorized, one infantry division, one artillery brigade and six marine battalions, was blocked on the Oxheft bridgehead and continued resistance, fighting until April 4, 1945, when it was finally defeated.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In the battles for Gdynia, units of the 38th Guards distinguished themselves.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

sd Colonel Abdullayev Yu.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

M., 369th SD Colonel Golubev I. A., 1890th self-propelled artillery regiment of Lieutenant Colonel Ignatov P. F., gunners of the 56th Cannon Brigade of Colonel Mezentsev F.G., the 75th Light Artillery Brigade of Colonel Olifer A. V., the 77th howitzer brigade of Colonel Kharlamov A. I., the 19th Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade of Colonel Sukachev G. G., 4th Guards Mortar Brigade Colonel Sukhushin I. A. (70 Army), 313th SD Colonel Asafiev V. A., 310th SD of Colonel Rogov N. V., 27th SD Colonel Korshunov E.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

V., 205th SD of Major General Beloskursky M. A., 272nd SD Colonel Meshkov V. M., 1525th self-propelled artillery regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Danilov I. G., 10th Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Major-General Khudalov Kh.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

A., 102 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

sd Colonel Khramtsov S. I., 7th Separate Guards Heavy Tank Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Povarov A. A., 108th Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, Major Potapov A. M., 342nd Guards Heavy Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, Major Fishelson S. B.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

, the 1531st Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Balykov S. F., 156th Heavy Howitzer Brigade, Lieutenant Colonel Kuznetsov D. M., 166th Light Artillery Brigade Colonel Mikhailenko M. A., the 167th howitzer brigade of Colonel Tkachenko T. E.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

, the 9th Heavy Mortar Brigade of Colonel Bryukhov D. T., 41st mortar brigade of Colonel Zaretsky I. S., the 58th howitzer brigade of Colonel Skorobogatov D. I., the 42nd mortar brigade of Colonel Kirgetov I. A., the 120th high-power howitzer brigade of Colonel Turoverov M. I., 4th Guards Mortar Division of Colonel Zhukov F. N., the 27th anti-tank artillery brigade of Lieutenant Colonel Voitsekhovsky V. M., 44th Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade Colonel Syrovatkin N. G., the 204th Army Cannon Artillery Brigade of Colonel Belov A. N., 12th Engineering Brigade of Colonel Kokorin N. V., 41st Mine Engineering Brigade, Colonel Klementyev N. V., the 11th Guards Tank Corps, Colonel Babajanyan A. X.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

, the 4th Assault Air Corps, Lieutenant General of Aviation Baidukov G. F.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Storming Danzig


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The culmination of the fighting in Eastern Pomerania was the assault on Danzig.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Stubborn and fierce fighting also unfolded here.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Danzig was surrounded by a chain of new-built forts Weiselmünde, Westerplatte, Neuharwasser and Heubude.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

All forts were well camouflaged and armed with powerful firepower.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The land fortifications of Danzig consisted of the old fortress belt that surrounded the city from the south and east, and the outer belt of fortifications of modern construction with two capitally built fortified Bischofsberg and Hagelsberg districts.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Both of these districts had a large number of reinforced concrete and stone-concrete fire structures, which were located at command heights.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The territory adjacent to the city from the south-east and south could be flooded if necessary.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The system of long-term structures was supplemented by defensive buildings of field fortification; in addition, buildings and entire neighborhoods of the city were adapted to the conduct of defense.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

All settlements located within a radius of 15 km from the city were also prepared for defense as strongholds and resistance nodes and had permanent garrisons.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Thus, in the Danzig area, the Germans had a strong fortified area, equipped not only with field-type fortifications, but also with powerful long-term combat structures.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The Germans understood the strategic importance of the city and desperately resisted, defending themselves on the prepared lines.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In the evening of March 26, units of the 2 shock and 65 armies started fighting directly in the suburbs of Danzig.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

On the morning of March 27, the assault on Danzig began.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Units of the 2 Shock, 49, 65, 70 armies, with the support of aviation of the 4 and 18 Air Armies, had to fight out the Germans from every house, intersection, street.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

For two days, stubborn fighting took place in the area of a paper mill and a chemical plant in the northern part of the city - parts of the 199th Infantry Division stormed these heavily fortified points with the support of 18 heavy guns, put on direct fire.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

But, despite all the determination of the German resistance, the steadfastness, courage and heroism of the German soldiers and Volkssturm militias, the soldiers of the Red Army could no longer be stopped.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

During the fighting in Danzig, 10,000 soldiers and officers were taken prisoner, 140 tanks and assault guns, 358 field guns, 45 faulty submarines were captured.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The remnants of the German units of the 2 Army were blocked on the Hel Spit and at the mouth of the Vistula River, surrendering only on May 9, 1945.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In the battles for Danzig, the following units distinguished themselves:


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

2nd Shock Army — 46th SD of Major General Borshchev S. N., 90th SD of Major General Lyashchenko N. G., 372nd SD of Lieutenant Colonel Melnikov P. V., 281st SD of Colonel Kureni P. A., 142nd SD of Colonel Sonnikov G. L., 381st SD of Major General Yakushev A. V., 326th SD of Major General Kolchanov G. S., 321st SD Colonel Chesnokov V. K.; 8th Guards Tank Corps of Lieutenant General Popov A. F.; 1st Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade of Colonel Malyavsky E.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

N., 2nd Corps Artillery Brigade of Major General Malofeev A. I., 4th Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade of Colonel Rybkin A. S., the 81st Army Cannon Artillery Brigade of Colonel Gnidin V. S., 1st Guards Assault Engineering Brigade of Colonel Vizirov A. F. ;


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

65 Army — 354 SD of Major General Janjgava V. N., 193rd SD of Major General Skorobogatkin K. F., 44th Guards SD of Major General Borisov V. A., 186th SD Colonel Velichko S. S., 108th SD of Major General Teremov P. A., 413th SD of Colonel Afanasyev F. S., 69th SD of Major General Makarov F. A., 15th SD Colonel Varyukhin A. P., 37th Guards SD of Major General Grebennik K. E.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

, the 8th Mechanized Corps of Major General Firsovich A. N., 21st Guards High-Power Howitzer Brigade Colonel Bondarev T. I., the 38th Heavy Artillery Brigade of Colonel Katunin A. A., 79th Light Artillery Brigade of Colonel Alferov P. N., 96th heavy howitzer brigade of Colonel Gorobets A. F., the 112th high-power howitzer brigade of Colonel Kuleshov G. P., the 28th mortar brigade of Colonel Belyaev F.N., the 15th anti-tank artillery brigade of Colonel Vasilenko S. I., the 147th Army Cannon Artillery Brigade of Colonel Akimushkin M. S., the 19th mortar brigade of Colonel Korolev M. M., 1st Assault Engineering Brigade of Colonel Shitikov P. A., 14th Engineering Brigade of Colonel Vinkov M. M.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

49 Army - 238 SD of Major General Krasnoshtanov I.D., 139 SD of Major General Kirillov I. K., 330th SD of Major General Gusev V. A., 199th SD of Major General Kononenko M. P., 200th SD of Colonel Melder I. I., 380th SD Colonel Gorichev A. D., 1st Guards Tank Corps of Major General Panov M. F., 10th Guards Howitzer Brigade of Colonel Vakhromeev I. M., 16th Guards Cannon Artillery Brigade of Colonel Sadkovsky V. V., the 20th Light Artillery Brigade of Lieutenant Colonel Dolinsky F. M., 48th Guards Heavy Howitzer Brigade of Colonel Khvatov L. A., 121st high-power howitzer brigade of Colonel Solovyov V. P., 5th Mortar Brigade of Colonel Bryukhanov V. F., 3rd Assault Engineering Brigade of Colonel Zaitsev V. S., 11th Engineering Brigade of Colonel Mirotovsky G. M.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

70 Army — 136 SD Colonel Trudolyubov V. I., 71st SD Colonel Belyaev N. Z., 3rd Guards Tank Corps of Lieutenant General Panfilov A. P., the 19th anti-tank artillery brigade of Colonel Sukachev G. G., the 148th Army Cannon Artillery Brigade of Colonel Barmotin S. A., 13th Guards Mortar Brigade of Colonel Kulichuk R. D., 48th Engineering Brigade of Colonel Dobychin P. N.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The 4th Air Army - 230th Assault Air Division of Major General of Aviation Getman S. G., 233rd Assault Air Division of Colonel Smolovik V. I., 260th Assault Air Division of Colonel Kalugin G. A., 332nd Assault Air Division of Colonel Tikhomirov M. I., 215th Fighter Air Division of Colonel Yakushin M. N., 229th Fighter Air Division of Colonel Volkov M. N., 309th Fighter Air Division of Colonel Wuss V. N., part of the forces of the 323rd Fighter Air Division of Colonel Rybakov P. P., 329th Fighter Air Division of Colonel Osipov A. A., 327th Bomber Air Division of Colonel Pushkarev F. S., 325th Night Bomber Air Division of Colonel Pokoevoy G. P.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The 18th Air Army — 1st Guards Bomber Air Corps of Lieutenant General of Aviation Tupikov G. N., 2nd Guards Bomber Air Corps, Lieutenant General of Aviation Loginov E.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

F., 14th Guards Bomber Air Division, Colonel Kozhemyakin I. I., 45th Bomber Air Division of Major General of Aviation Lebedev V. AND.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The results


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

During the East Pomeranian operation, 21 German divisions and 8 brigades were defeated, of which 6 divisions and 3 brigades were completely destroyed, and the threat of a German strike from Eastern Pomerania was eliminated.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The losses of the Germans killed amounted to 90,000 soldiers and officers, prisoners - 100,000 soldiers and officers, Soviet troops captured 850 tanks and assault guns, 430 aircraft, more than 5,500 guns and mortars, more than 8,000 machine guns.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The troops of the 1st and 2nd Belorussian Front liberated 54 cities and hundreds of other settlements, released thousands of Soviet prisoners of war and citizens of other European countries taken to work in Germany, with the occupation of Danzig and Gdynia, the Germans lost shipyards where submarines were built, dozens of industrial enterprises, the most important seaports for communication with the blocked group in Courland .


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The historical Polish lands, once occupied by Germany, were returned to Poland and the Polish people.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The victory in Eastern Pomerania came at a high price.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The losses of the Red Army during the East Pomeranian operation amounted to more than 225 thousand soldiers and officers, including irretrievable losses - 52,740 people, wounded 172,474 people.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Thousands of soldiers and officers of the Red Army who died in the last battles of the Great Patriotic War are buried in dozens of settlements on the territory of the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland, former Eastern Pomerania.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

In the village of Bojano, Pomeranian Voivodeship, there are 6,058 soldiers and officers (193 known and 5,865 unknown), in St. Gdansk — 3092 (1206 known and 1886 unknown), in Gdansk. Gdynia — 1,316 soldiers, including 132 known and 1,184 unknown, in Gdynia. Wejherovo — 728 people, in the city. Kartuzy — 1011 soldiers, in the city. Sopot, the center of music festivals, and during the war, the former place of fierce fighting — 932 soldiers and officers, in St. Tczew — 469 soldiers, in Tczew. Chojnice — 844 soldiers, in D. Lenzyce — 4249 soldiers, in the city of Lenzyce Zhukovo — 3999 soldiers, in the city of Zhukovo. Chersk — 1,141 soldiers, and thousands more soldiers and officers in dozens of other settlements.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The breakthrough of the fortifications of the Pomeranian Wall was the largest battle of World War II with the participation of Polish troops, with the participation of 85,000 servicemen of the 1st Army of the Polish Army [1].


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The irretrievable losses of the 1st Army of the Polish Army amounted to 2575 soldiers and officers.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

1,027 tanks and 1,073 aircraft were lost.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The withdrawal of Soviet troops to the coast of the Baltic Sea for a long time ensured the security of the flank of the group of Soviet troops operating in the Berlin direction, and the basing system expanded Baltic Fleet, which ensured from the sea the blockade of surrounded German groups in Courland and at the mouth of the Vistula.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Ten Soviet armies that completed the East Pomeranian operation began to regroup to the Berlin direction.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The battles for Berlin, the capital of Germany, were ahead.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

The command staff of the associations and formations of the Soviet troops that took part in the East Pomeranian Strategic Offensive Operation [2]


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

FormationCommander (commander): military rank, surname, first name, patronymicNotes2nd Belorussian Front: Marshal of the Soviet Union Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich 2nd Shock Army: Lieutenant General Fedyuninsky Ivan Ivanovich98 sk:Lieutenant General Anisimov Georgy Ivanovich142 sdcolonel Sonnikov Grigory Leontyevich281 sdcolonel Kurenya Pyotr Agafonovich381 sdgeneral-major Yakushov Alexander Vasilyevich108 sk: Lieutenant General Polenov Vitaly Sergeevich46 sdgeneral-major Borshchev Semyon Nikolaevich90 sdgeneral-major Lyashchenko Nikolay Grigorievich372 sdgeneral-major Radygin Pyotr Ivanovich, from 11.03.1945 . — Lieutenant Colonel Melnikov Pavel Vasilyevich116 sc:Major General Fetisov Fedor Kuzmich86 sdgeneral Demidov Sergey Petrovich321 sdcolonel Chesnokov Vasily Konstantinovich326 sdgeneral-major Kolchanov Grigory Semenovich8 automatic transmission: Major General of Artillery Pyadusov Ivan Mironovich1 AdpColonel Zakharov Georgy Timofeevich23 AdpGeneral Major of Artillery Rogozin Nikolay Karpovich4 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

MD Colonel Zhukov Fedor Nikiforovich47 General Colonel Korotkikh Ivan Maksimovich65th Army: Colonel-General Batov Pavel Ivanovich18 sk:Major General Chuvakov Nikita Emelyanovich37 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Major General Rakhimov Sabir-Umar-ogly, since March 28, 1945 — Colonel Onoprienko Nikolai Nikolaevich, since March 30, 1945 — Major General Grebennik Kuzma Evdokimovich15 Major General Grebennik Kuzma Evdokimovich, since March 29, 1945 — Colonel Varyukhin Andrey Petrovich69 sdgeneral-major Makarov Fedor Alekseevich46 sk:Lieutenant General Erasov Konstantin Maksimovich108 sdgeneral-Major Teremov Pyotr Alekseevich186 Colonel Velichko Semyon Savvich413 Colonel Volkov Andrey Nikolaevich, since February 2, 1945 - Colonel Afanasyev Fedor Stepanovich105 sk: Lieutenant General Alekseev Dmitry Fedorovich44 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Major General Borisov Vladimir Aleksandrovich, since March 23, 1945 — General Frolenkov Andrey Grigorievich193 Colonel Alimov Pavel Martemyanovich, since March 28, 1945 — Major General Skorobogatkin Konstantin Fedorovich354 sdgeneral major Dzhandzhgava Vladimir Nikolaevichz automatic transmission: Lieutenant General of Artillery Zhdanov Nikolay Nikolaevich18 AdpGeneral Major of Artillery Koznov Boris Ilyich12 Zenadgeneral Major of Artillery Petrov Alexander Nikolaevich49th Army:Lieutenant General Grishin Ivan Tikhonovich70 sk:Lieutenant General Terentyev Vasily Grigorievich139 SDGeneral Kirillov Joseph Konstantinovich, from March 31, 1945 — Colonel Ogienko Boris Pavlovich238 sdgeneral-major Krasnoshtanov Ivan Danilovich385 sdgeneral-major Suprunov Mitrofan Fedorovich121 sk:Major General Smirnov Dmitry Ivanovich42 sdcolonel Pachkov Nikolay Stepanovich199 sdgeneral-major Kononenko Matvey Prokofievich380 sdcolonel Gorichev Alexey Dmitrievich49 zenadcolonel Kaminsky Nikolai Ignatievich70 Army: Colonel-General Popov Vasily Stepanovich47 sc:Lieutenant General Dratvin Mikhail Ivanovich71 sdcolonel Belyaev Nikolay Zakharovich136 sdcolonel Trudolyubov Vasily Ivanovich162 sdcolonel Muratov Anatoly Olegovich96 sk:Lieutenant General Chapyshev Yakub Dzhangirovich38 gv.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Colonel Abdullayev Yusif Mirza ogly1 Colonel Karpelyuk Andrey Iosifovich165 sdcolonel Kaladze Nikolai Ivanovich144 sk: Lieutenant General Ryabyshev Dmitry Ivanovich76 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Major General Kirsanov Alexander Vasilyevich160 sdgeneral-major Timofeev Nikolay Sergeevich200 sdcolonel Asafiev Vasily Andrianovich, since February 16, 1945 - Colonel Melder Joseph Ilyich74 zenadcolonel Mikhailov Herodion Antonovich19th Army: Lieutenant General Kozlov Georgy Kirillovich, since March 6, 1945 - Lieutenant General Romanovsky Vladimir Zakharovich40 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

sc:Lieutenant General Mikulsky Semyon Petrovich, since March 23, 1945 — Major General Gorokhov, Sergei Fedorovich10 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Major General Khudalov Khariton Alekseevich101 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Colonel Grebenkin Fedor Alekseevich102 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Colonel Khramtsov Sergey Ivanovich132 sc:Major General Korotkov Fedor Fedorovich18 Senior Colonel Poluveshkin Pyotr Vasilyevich27 Colonel Korshunov Evgeny Vasilyevich313 Colonel Tsygankov Nikifor Fomich, with 05.03.1945 — Colonel Asafiev Vasily Andrianovich134 sk:Major General Skorobogatkin Konstantin Fedorovich, since March 24, 1945 — Major General Frolenkov Andrey Grigorievich205 sdmajor-general Beloskursky Mikhail Alekseevich, since March 30, 1945 - Colonel Sinkevich Yan Petrovich272 Colonel Meshkov Vasily Mikhailovich310 Colonel Rogov Nikolai Vasilyevich 4th Air Army: Colonel-General of Aviation Vershinin Konstantin Andreevich5 tank: Major General Borisenko Mikhail Kharlampievich132 Bad-Major General of Aviation Fedorov Ivan Loginovich327 Badcolonel Pushkarev Fedor Stepanovich4 shak: Lieutenant General of Aviation Baidukov Georgy Filippovich196 Shadcolonel Grishchenko Kirill Konstantinovich199 Shadcolonel Vinogradov Nikolai Sergeevich8 iak: Lieutenant General of Aviation Osipenko Alexander Stepanovich215 and Adcolonel Yakushin Mikhail Nesterovich323 Iadcolonel Rybakov Pavel Pavlovich230 Shadcolonel Major General of Aviation German Semyon Grigorievich233 Shadcolonel Smolovik Valentin Ivanovich260 Shadcolonel Kalugin Georgy Alexandrovich332 Shadcolonel Tikhomirov Mikhail Ivanovich229 Iadcolonel Volkov Mikhail Nikolaevich269 Iadcolonel Dodonov Valentin Yakovlevich309 Iadcolonel Vuss Vasily Nikiforovich329 Iadcolonel Osipov Alexander Alekseevich325 nbadcolonel PokoevichGrigory Prokofievich Units of front-line subordination: 330 sdgeneral-major Gusev Vladimir Alexandrovich369 colonel Fedotov Alexander Aleksandrovich, from 4.03.1945 — Colonel Golubev Ivan Andreevich3 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

KK: Lieutenant General Oslikovsky Nikolay Sergeevich 5 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

KDGeneral Major Chepurkin Nikolay Stepanovich 6 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

KDMajor General Brikel Pavel Porfirievich32 KDMajor General Kalyuzhny Ivan Prokofievich3 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

TC Lieutenant General of Tank Forces Panfilov Alexey Pavlovich8 Guards


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

TC Lieutenant General of Tank Forces Popov Alexey Fedorovich1 Guards


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

TKMajor General of Tank Forces Panov Mikhail Fedorovich8 McMajor General of Tank Forces Firsovich Alexander Nikolaevich1st Belorussian Front: Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich3rd Shock army: Lieutenant General Simonyak Nikolai Pavlovich, since March 16, 1945 — Colonel-General Kuznetsov Vasily Ivanovich, 12 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

sc:Lieutenant General Bunkov Stepan Mikhailovich, since February 11, 1945 — Lieutenant General Kazankin Alexander Fedorovich23 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Major General Shafarenko Pavel Mendelevich52 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Major General Kozin Nestor Dmitrievich33 sdgeneral-major Smirnov Vasily Ivanovich7 sk:Major General Chistov Vladimir Afanasyevich 146 sdgeneral-major Karapetyan Sergey Isaevich265 sdgeneral-major Krasilnikov Daniil Efimovich364 sdcolonel Vorobyov Ivan Andreevich79 sk:Major General Perevertkin Semyon Nikiforovich150 sdgeneral-major Shatilov Vasily Mitrofanovich171 sdcolonel Negoda Alexey Ignatievich207 Colonel Sobolev Semyon Ivanovich, since February 22, 1945 - Colonel Asafov Vasily Mikhailovich61 Army: Colonel-General Belov Pavel Alekseevich 9 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

sc:Lieutenant General Grigory Alekseevich Khalyuzin, 12 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Colonel Malkov Dmitry Kuzmich75 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

sdgeneral-major Gorishny Vasily Akimovich397 sdcolonel Andonyev Nikolay Fedorovich80 sc:Major General Verzhbitsky Viktor Antonovich212 sdcolonel Maslov Sergey Mikhailovich356 sdgeneral-major Makarov Mikhail Grigorievich415 Colonel Moschalkov Pavel Ivanovich89 sk:Major General Siyazov Mikhail Alexandrovich23 Colonel Podberezin Ilya Moiseevich, since February 25, 1945 - Colonel Vasily Dmitrievich Bunin, since March 4, 1945 g. — Colonel Seregin Alexander Pavlovich234 Colonel Selyukov Afanasy Ivanovich311 SDGeneral Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich22 AdpMajor General of Artillery Zrazhevsky Dmitry Stepanovich31 Major General of Artillery Bogdashevsky Yuri Gavrilovich47 Army: Major General Perkhorovich Franz Iosifovich77 sk:Major General Poznyak Viktor Genrikhovich185 Colonel Muzykin Mikhail Maksimovich260 Colonel Gorshenin Yakov Pavlovich328 Colonel Pavlovsky Ivan Grigorievich125 sk:Major General Andreev Andrey Matveyevich60 SDGeneral Chernov Viktor Georgievich, since March 15, 1945 - Colonel Ivanov Georgy Stepanovich76 Colonel Gervasiev Andrey Nikitich175 Colonel Vydrigan Zakhary Petrovich129 sk:Major General Anashkin Mikhail Borisovich82 Colonel Dudorov Timofey Dmitrievich, since February 13, 1945 — Major General Polyakov Pyotr Semenovich132 sdcolonel Solovyov Ivan Vladimirovich 143 sdgeneral-major Zaikin Mitrofan Moiseevich5 adpgeneral major of artillery Snegurov Arkady Ivanovich1st Guards Tank Army: Colonel-General of Tank Forces Katukov Mikhail Efimovich8 Guards


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

McMajor General Dryomov Ivan Fedorovich11 Guards


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Colonel Babajanyan Hamazasp Khachaturovich2nd Guards Tank Army: Colonel-General of Tank Forces Bogdanov Semyon Ilyich9 Guards


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

TC Major General of Tank Forces Vedeneev Nikolay Denisovich12 Guards


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

TKMajor General of Tank Forces Telyakov Nikolay Matveyevich1 McMajor General of Tank Forces Firsovich Alexander Nikolaevich16th Air Army: Colonel-General of Aviation Rudenko Sergey Ignatievich3 tank: General aviation major Karavatsky Afanasy Zinovievich241 badcolonel Fedorov Alexey Grigorievich301 badcolonel Fedorenko Fedor Mikhailovich6 shak: Major General of Aviation Tokarev Boris Kuzmich197 Shadcolonel Timofeev Vyacheslav Arsenyevich, since February 22, 1945 — Colonel Kovalev, Taras Evdokimovich198 Shadcolonel Belousov Vladimir Ignatievich9 shak: Major General Krupsky Ivan Vasilyevich 3 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Shadcolonel Smirnov Alexey Andreevich300 Shadcolonel Kovalev Taras Evdokimovich, since February 23, 1945 - Colonel Timofeev Vyacheslav Arsenyevich 3 IAK: Lieutenant General of Aviation Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich265 Iadcolonel Karyagin Alexander Alexandrovich278 Iadcolonel Orlov Konstantin Dmitrievich5 iak:Colonel Machin Mikhail Grigorievich234 Iadcolonel Tatanashvili Evstafiy Zakharovich273 Iadcolonel Isaev Nikolai Vasilyevich13 IAK: Major General of Aviation Sidnev Boris Arsenevich193 Iadcolonel Mironov Sergey Ivanovich283 Iadcolonel Chirva Stepan Nikitovich183 Badcolonel Sitkin Mikhail Alexandrovich221 Badcolonel Buzylev Sergey Favstovich2 guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Major General of Aviation Komarov Georgy Iosifovich11 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Shadlieutenant Colonel Nakonechnikov Alexander Georgievich1 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Iadcolonel Sukhoryabov Vladimir Vikentyevich282 Iadcolonel Berkal Yuri Mikhailovich286 Iadcolonel Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich, since February 25, 1945 - Colonel Stalin Vasily Iosifovich9 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

nbadcolonel Rasskazov Konstantin Ivanovich242 nbadcolonel Kalinin Pavel Alexandrovich2 guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

KK: Lieutenant General Kryukov Vladimir Viktorovich3 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

KDGeneral Major Yagodin Mikhail Danilovich4 Guards


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

KDGeneral Millerov Boris Stepanovich17 Guards.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

KdGeneral Major Kursakov Pavel Trofimovich9 tklieutenant general of tank forces Kirichenko Ivan Fedorovich1st Army Polishdivision general Poplavsky Stanislav


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Notes


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Literature


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Lubchenkov Yu.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

N. 100 great battles of World War II.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

M. :Veche, 2008


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Zharka F. M. Ed.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

4th: MVAA.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

—, 2015.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

History of the Second World War of 1939—1945 In 12 volumes.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Tom 10.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Vasilevsky A. M. It's a lifelong thing.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1978.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Lazarev S. E.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

East Pomeranian Operation 1945//Russian Historical Encyclopedia in 18 volumes/Glavs.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

ed.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

A. O. Chubaryan.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

VOL. 4.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Moscow, OLMA Media Group Publ., 2017.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

P. 231—232.


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

References


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

on the website of the Ministry of


Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

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Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

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Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

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Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

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Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

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Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

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East Pomeranian Operation

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East Pomeranian Operation

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Question: What was the basis of the Pomeranian fortifications?

East Pomeranian Operation

Category: April 1945


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Ganja rebellion [1] (Azerbaijan: Gəncə qiyamı) or the Ganja anti-Soviet uprising (Azerbaijan: Gəncə antisovet üsyanı) [2] is a major armed anti-Soviet protest of units of the 1st Infantry Division of the old Azerbaijani army, which took place on May 26-31, 1920 in the city of Ganja of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic; organized by officers of the old army.


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The five-day fighting that unfolded around the city and on its streets was fierce, but both rebellious Azerbaijani servicemen and Red Army soldiers distinguished themselves in them.


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

After the suppression of the rebellion, the old Azerbaijani army was disbanded, and instead of it, the active formation of the Azerbaijan Red Army began.


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Previous events


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Change of power in Azerbaijan


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On the night of April 26-27, 1920, the Bolsheviks raised an uprising in Baku, presenting two ultimatums to the Azerbaijani government to surrender power.


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Almost simultaneously with the uprising, four armored trains of Soviet Russia crossed the border, followed by the main units of the XI Red Army.


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

If in the capital some military units defected to the Bolsheviks, and the fleet under the command of the deputy head of the military port Ch. Ildrym threatened to open fire on the buildings of the parliament and government, then the armored trains of Soviet Russia in several places were shown little resistance.


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The parliament convened for an emergency meeting voted by a majority vote for the transfer of power — the AKP (b), with one of the conditions that the new government will not allow units of the XI Red Army to enter the battle in Baku, after which the parliament dissolved itself.


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Minister of War S. In his last order, Mehmandarov thanked the servicemen for their service and expressed confidence that the soldiers and officers of the Azerbaijani army “will serve equally honestly and valiantly under the new government Azerbaijan is dear to all of us... God willing” [4].


Question: When was the Ganja rebellion rebellion suppressed?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Azerbaijani Bolsheviks formed (Azrevkom) and (government), announcing their readiness to enter into a close alliance with Soviet Russia.