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After the release of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, WME CEO Patrick Whitesel confirmed that Affleck wrote the script for the Batman solo film and is currently consider studio and DC [16].


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In April 2016, Warner Bros.


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Kevin Tsujihara confirmed that the studio is developing a solo film about Batman, in which Affleck will play the main role [17].


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In May 2016, Jeremy Irons confirmed that he would appear in the Dark Knight film [18], while Affleck himself announced that for his Batman solo film, he borrowed ideas from comics, but in it will mainly be an “original story” [19].


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At Comic-Con in San Diego in July 2016, it was officially confirmed that Affleck would direct the film [20].


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In August 2016, one of Affleck's social media pages posted a test material showing Detstroke's character.


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On September 8, 2016, Jeff Jones confirmed that Joe Manganiello would play mercenary Slade Wilson, who may become the main villain of the film [21].


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In early October 2016, Affleck stated that the alleged title of the film was Batman, [22] adding: “At least that's what we are going with right now. I can change it” [23].


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In December 2016, Affleck confirmed in an interview with Variety that the film would be shot in the spring of 2017 [24].


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Later that month, Greg Silverman, who was responsible for the production of Warner Bros.


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, stated that the film should be expected in 2018 [25].


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In January 2017, Affleck stated that the film did not have a script and that he would direct it only if he felt that it would be a great film [26].


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Later, but in the same month, Affleck announced that he was retiring as director to focus on his role.


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He will continue to act as the screenwriter, producer and main actor of the film [27].


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Also, the director's resignation was prompted by the failure of the film Law of the Night.


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After news of Affleck's resignation as director, Deadline reported that Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice screenwriter Chris Terrio began rewriting the original by Affleck and Jones [28].


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At the end of February 2017, Warner Bros.


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announced that the film would be called “The Batman” and that Matt Reeves has been officially confirmed as director and producer of the film [29].


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In June, Reeves announced that the film will show a noir, detective version of Batman with a powerful emphasis on his vision of the world.


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This should allow the viewer to establish a close connection with what is going on in the head and heart of the character.


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The creation of the picture will also be influenced by the works of Alfred Hitchcock [30].


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In July, Reeves confirmed that the script had been rewritten to suit his style and vision of the film [31].


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In January 2019, it was announced that filming would begin in November.


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Whether Ben Affleck will remain in the role of Batman is unknown.


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Cyborg (English: “Cyborg”) — In April 2014, actor Ray Fisher was selected to play Victor Stone/Cyborg [32].


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In October 2014, Warner Bros.


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announced a solo film about this superhero called “Cyborg” [33].


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In May 2017, at the City of Heroes convention, Fisher denied rumors of problems with the DC Expanded Universe and confirmed that work on a solo film about Cyborg was still ongoing.


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He also said that the premiere is still scheduled for 2020 [34].


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In August 2017, actor Joe Morton announced that he had signed a contract for three films and that he would return to the role of Dr. Silas Stone [35].


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The film is scheduled to be released in North America on April 2, 2020 [36].


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The Green Lantern Corps (English: “Green Lantern Corps”) was held in October 2014 by Warner Bros.


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announced a solo film about Green Lanterns [33].


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The film will not be a sequel to the 2011 film Green Lantern, but will be a relaunch.


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In July 2015, the title of the film was announced at the Comic-Con Festival in San Diego [37].


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In January 2017, it was reported that David Goyer and Justin Rhodes will jointly write a script based on the story of Jeff Jones and Goyer.


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Goyer will also act as a producer [38].


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The film is scheduled to be released in North America on July 24, 2020 [39].


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Larfliz and Red Lanterns will be the main antagonists.


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Projects under development


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A list of films that are under development and do not have an official release date/whose premiere will not take place on the appointed date.


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“The Flash” (English: “The Flash”) - In July 2013, it was reported that Greg Berlanti, who was involved in the creation of The Flash for The CW, was developing a film about The Flash for Warner Bros.


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[40] In October 2014, Warner Bros.


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announced that a solo film about the character will be released on March 16, 2018 [41], and the role of Barry Allen should be played by actor Ezra Miller after the character's first appearance in Batman v Superman: dawn of justice” [42].


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In April 2015, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller took up the story for the film.


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They were also asked to stage the film, but they refused in October 2015 and preferred another project [43].


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In October 2015, Seth Graham-Smith was appointed screenwriter and director, who hoped that the speedster film would be his feature film debut [44].


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At the end of April 2016, it was reported that Seth Graham-Smith had been suspended from work on the film due to creative disagreements, but the studio still retained its script [45].


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Later, producer Charles Roven announced that the events of the Flash and Aquaman films would take place after the events of the Justice League and would not tell the story of the origin of these characters [46].


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In early June 2016, it became known that Rick Famuyiva became the new director of the film [47].


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At the end of July 2016, actress Kircy Clemons was cast for the role of Iris West.


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In August of the same year, it was reported that Ray Fisher's cyborg would appear in the film [49].


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In September, it was also reported that actor Billy Crudup had landed the role of Barry's father, Henry Allen.


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In October, Rick Famuyiva resigned as director due to creative disagreements with management [51].


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At the end of January 2017, Variety reported that Joby Harold would completely rewrite the script of the film and that development of the project was suspended for a while due to Famuyiva's departure [52].


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At the end of April 2017, it became known that Robert Zemeckis, along with other directors, had met with the studio about the production of the film [53] [54], and in May it was reported that he was frontranner and that in addition to him, directors such as Sam Raimy and Matthew Vaughn are also negotiating with the studio [55].


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Each of them met with producers from Warner Bros.


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and discussed prospects for cooperation.


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Ideally, the company wants to launch production of the film in 2017.


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Phil Lord and Christopher Miller are also in reserve, who wrote the first version of the script if none of the directors agree to participate in the project.


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In mid-May, it was reported that Mark Webb and Sam Raimy refused to stage the film [56].


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In June, TheWrap reported that Lord and Miller were reopen to discussion and were even negotiating again to direct the film [57].


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In July, at SDCC, it was announced that the title of the film had been changed to “The Flash” [58].


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The plot will be based on the comic book story arch of the same name [59].


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In September 2017, Deadline reported that Gal Gadot would again play the role of Diana Prince/Wonder Woman in the film [60].


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Later, but in the same month, it was reported that work on the script had been completed.


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At the time of completion of the script, Zemeckis was still considered by the studio as a candidate for director, and Lord and Miller stopped working on the film because both signed a contract for the production of a film adaptation of Andy Weir's book Artemis [61].


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In November, it was confirmed that the film was a priority for the film company and that it hoped that The Flash would become the most prominent of all Justice League characters.


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In addition, producer Toby Emmerich said that the studio is close to hiring a director [62] [63].


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During an interview with the Toronto Sun, Ezra Miller said that although he could not reveal many details, they still had to wait a long time to be able to create the film.


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Warner Bros.


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was very careful about announcing the Flash movie.


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He also said that the film will be announced very soon [64].


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The plot of the film takes place after the events of the Justice League [65].


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Nightwing (English: “Nightwing”) - in February 2017, it became known that Warner Bros.


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is developing a solo film about Batman's partner, about the first Robin - Dick Grayson.


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Chris McKay is negotiating a solo film production.


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Bill Dubuque writes the script for the film [66].


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Discussing the criteria by which an actor will be selected for the role of a character, McKay cited as an example the level of physical activity that an actor must withstand, which will also include martial arts, gymnastics and tricks that will be required to play the main role.


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In an interview with Collider, McKay confirmed that the film will be called Nightwing.


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Explaining the reason why he liked the character and why he agreed to be hired for the project, McKay recalled the personality of the character himself and his role as an artist, and also said that he was excited an opportunity to show this in a film [67].


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McKay later said that he would like to show in the film a version of the hero that would fully reveal him, which had not been done before in previous film adaptations with the character [68].


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McKay explained that he loves Warner Bros.


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for her director-oriented approach, and the fact that the franchise is different from other popular universes where everything is interconnected [69].


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During an interview with Cinemablend, McKay confirmed that the film will show the character's past as it appears in comics, including when he worked at Haley Circus.


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He also confirmed that the film will be a simple action movie, as realistic as possible and with minimal use of CGI special effects [70] [71] [72].


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In November 2017, McKay announced on his Twitter page that he had finished working on the script and also expressed his love for it.


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In addition, the director said that pre-production could begin as early as 2018.


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In the same statement, McKay confirmed that the casting for the lead role for the film would be open [73].


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Batgirl (English: “Batgirl”) is a solo film about Batman's partner, Batgirl.


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In March 2017, it became known that Joss Whedon was completing a deal with Warner Bros.


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and will write, produce and direct a solo film about this heroine [74].


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According to Entertainment Weekly [75], Batgirl will be directly Barbara Gordon, and the character will be based on Gail Simon's New 52 comic book line.


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Whedon himself said that the comics from this line will serve as a “starting point” for the film.


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In April, the director stated that he was interested in making a film about the character, as he was obsessed with the reasons why the girl decided to “get stronger and put on a hood”, wanted to understand “what she was wearing tragedy”, because unlike Bruce Wayne/Batman, she did not have a child tragedy.


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The director said that the film would try to show how her personality was formed [76].


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After a while, producer Deborah Snyder announced that this project would be the next female superhero film after the release of Wonder Woman [77].


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In July, Jeff Jones announced that Whedon would begin production of the film in 2018.


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At SDCC, the title of the film, Batgirl, was announced [79].


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Gotham City Sirens - In May 2016, it became known that a Harley Quinn spin-off was in development, which will also feature other DC Comics female characters [80 ].


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While preparing for the role of Harley for Suicide Squad, actress Margot Robbie got acquainted with DC female characters in detail and was strongly impressed by their richest pantheon.


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The actress found a screenwriter, who turned out to be Geneva Robertson-Dvoret, and introduced him to the studio, which was very interested in the offer and immediately hired her [81].


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The project is being developed as part of an agreement between Warner Bros.


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Pictures and Margot Robbie, who will again play the role of Quinn and become executive producer through her newly created production company LuckyChap Entertainment [82].


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In addition to Robbie, the film is produced by John Berg and Jeff Jones.


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In December, it was announced that David Eyre would be the director and executive producer of a film called Gotham Sirens, which would be based on the comic book series of the same name.


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Will Smith has already announced his desire to star in the spin-off [83].


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Jared Leto will return to the role of the Joker [84].


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Justice League Dark - In January 2013, Guillermo Del Toro confirmed that he was working on a film with the working title Dark Universe, which is based on Justice League Dark DC superhero team.


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Del Toro was looking for a screenwriter for the film.


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The director also said that the plot will feature such characters as Dr. Alec Holland/Swamp Beast, John Constantin/Messenger of Hell, Jason Blood/Demon Etrigan, Jim Corrigan/Spectrum, Nimue Invoodu/Madame Xanadu, Boston Brand/Dead Man, Zatanna Zatara and her father Giovanni Zatara [85] [86].


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The story itself will focus on Konstantin, who will recruit some of the characters to his team.


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The film would not tell the story of the origin of each character, as elements of their prehistory would already be woven into the overall plot [87].


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In November 2014, Del Toro confirmed that the script was completed and that he handed it over to Warner Bros.


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for consideration [88].


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In December, the director announced that the film would be part of the DC Expanded Universe [89].


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In June 2015, it was announced that Del Toro was no longer tied to the project [90].


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Although many Justice League Dark characters began to be released under the DC Vertigo brand, and Vertigo characters were transferred to Warner New Line Cinema (such as Sandman), the characters Justice League Dark remained under the control of Warner Bros.


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, which hopes to include them in future DC Expanded Universe projects [91].


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At the end of August 2016, it became known that Doug Lyman would be directed [92].


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The script will be written by Michael Gilio and produced by Scott Rudin.


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Later, in an interview with CinemaBlend, Lyman said that the film would be inspired by classic horror films, as well as focus on characters who would be distinguished by their humanity [93] [94].


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On May 23, 2017, Variety reported that Lyman had resigned as director of the film due to employment with another project.


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Warner Bros.


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Argentine Andres Muschetti is already actively meeting with replacement candidates and among the favorites of the studio [95].


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In July 2017, SDCC announced the title of the film, Justice League Dark [79].


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In August, it became known that Gilio's script will be rewritten.


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The studio showed the finished material to potential directors, and both sides were dissatisfied with the result [96].


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In the same month, Gerard Johnstone was hired to work on the script for the film [97].


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Suicide Squad 2 (English: “Suicide Squad 2”) - In March 2016, it was reported that the sequel to Suicide Squad was in development [98].


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In February 2017, it became known that the project was a priority for the studio and it had a list of potential directors for the project, including Mel Gibson, Daniel Espinos, Jonathan Levine, Ruben Fleischer [99] [100].


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A little later, Mel Gibson confirmed that he was waiting for his first meeting with Warner Bros.


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about directing the film [101].


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In March, THR announced that screenwriter Adam Kozad was hired by Warner Bros.


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for writing a script [102].


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In early June, actor Yuel Kinnaman, who played the role of Rick Flag in the first part, announced that the script was already being written for the film, and filming was scheduled to begin in 2018.


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The actor also said that he would probably return in the sequel [103].


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Due to the delay in the script, Gibson chose to switch his attention to other projects and in July it was announced that Jaume Collet-Serra was the studio's main candidate for director of the film.


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Zach Penn wrote a story that will form the basis of the film and said that the new script is in the process of being written.


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Collet-Serra later resigned as director [104].


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In the same month, at SDCC, the film was officially announced and called Suicide Squad 2 [79].


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Jared Leto has already confirmed that he will play the role of the Joker again [84].


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In September 2017, Gavin O'Connor was officially hired as a screenwriter and director [105] [106] [106] [107], but soon left the project.


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In October 2018, James Gunn was hired as screenwriter.


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The main villain will be Reverse Flash/Professor Zoom.


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“The Untitled Man of Steel sequel” (English: “Untitled Man of Steel sequel”) was released in October 2014 by Warner Bros.


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announced that another Superman solo film is in development, and actor Henry Cavill decided to return to his role [14].


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In August 2016, TheWrap reported that Warner Bros.


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launches “active production” of the sequel to the film “Man of Steel” [108].


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According to them, “Superman is one of the studio's top priorities. The audience likes the character very much, and it is also very important for them.”


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A little later, Henry Cavill's manager, Dani Garcia, confirmed the development of the sequel to Superman in an interview with Newsweek [109].


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In November 2016, actress Amy Adams reported that work on the script had already begun [110].


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In September 2017, director Matthew Vaughn confirmed that he was negotiating with the studio to stage the film [111] [112].


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“The Untitled Justice League sequel” (English: “Untitled Justice League sequel”) was released in October 2014 by Warner Bros.


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announced the film itself and announced that Zach Snyder would return as a director [14].


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In June 2016, it became known that Justice League would be an independent story, after which the sequel lost its title [113].


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The film was scheduled to premiere on June 13, 2019, [41] but was postponed indefinitely to replace Batman. [114]


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In October 2017, JK Simmons said in an interview with Total Film magazine that the film was still in development and the script was being worked on [115].


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As for the league Luthor Detstroke recommended, the Injustice League is still a choice.


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After all, in the previous film, in the post-credits scene, they discussed this particular league.


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“Untitled Black Adam film” - In January 2017, THR announced that Dwayne Johnson would receive his own solo film about the anti-hero/villain Black Adame [116].


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Work on Shazam and this film will be carried out simultaneously.


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After that, Dwayne announced that Black Adam would appear in the DC Extended Universe earlier than expected and that in one of the films there would be a struggle between this character and Superman.


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However, he could not say in which project and when this would happen [117].


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In October 2017, it was announced that Adam Sctikiel had written the film and that Johnson and Hiram Garcia would co-produce at Seven Bucks Productions.


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“Untitled Deadshot film” (English: “Untitled Deadshot film”) - In December 2016, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Warner Bros.


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is developing a solo film about Deadshot as a Suicide Squad spin-off.


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It was also announced that Will Smith will play Floyd Lawton again [119].


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“Untitled Deathstroke film” (English: “Untitled Deathstroke film”) - In October 2017, TheWrap reported that a solo film about Detstroke was in development.


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Gareth Evans is negotiating to write and direct the film, and Joe Manganiello will play Slade Wilson/Detstroke [120].


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Initially, when Ben Affleck was appointed screenwriter/director/producer of Batman, he published official test shots with Manganiello in a suit [121].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Since Affleck decided to leave the post of director, citing a desire to focus on the role, and Matt Reeves was hired as his replacement, the script has been rewritten according to the style of Reeves and his vision of the film [122].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

The presence of a famous mercenary in the film, who was supposed to be the main villain in it, was questioned after Manganiello announced that he knew about the studio's plans, but could not have them comment [123].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Although the role of the character in Batman is unknown, the studio decided to develop the film after Evans impressed the executives with his work on the film.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Initially applying for the post of director of Justice League Dark, Gareth presented his ideas for the plot of the film and convinced Warner Bros.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

is that the film must be made [124].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

“Untitled Harley Quinn and the Joker film” (English: “Untitled Harley Quinn and the Joker film”) - In July 2017, Screen Rant reported that the film starring the Joker and Harley Quinn was on early stage of development.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

At the same time, it was reported that the film, which is a spin-off of Suicide Squad, previously received the working title “Harley Quinn vs. The Joker” [125] [126].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

In August 2017, the studio confirmed the information that the film is under active development, and Leto and Robbie will return to their roles.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

The film itself was described as a “crime love story”, but still had no title.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Later it became known that Glenn Ficarra and John Recua were in final negotiations to write a script for the film and direct it [127].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

In addition, Forbes received confirmation that the untitled film about Harley Quinn and the Joker is a separate project and is not related to Gotham Sirens [128].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

In September, Robbie confirmed that Ficarra and Recua will act as screenwriters/directors/producers of the film, as well as their role as executive producer [129].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

“The Untitled Lobo Film” (English: “Untitled Lobo film”) was released in September 2009 by Warner Bros.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

announced that a feature film dedicated to Lobo's character is in development.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

In the same year, Deadline announced that the film would be shot by Guy Ritchie, and production would begin in early 2010.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

The adaptation was supposed to migrate the “irreverent, rude tone” from the director's previous works, although the studio aimed at the PG-13 rating from the MPAA.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Covering the development of the film, Variety also published a description of the background of the film: “Lobo is a two-meter, blue-skinned, pumped and invulnerable anti-hero who, controlling a sophisticated motorcycle, arrives on Earth in search of four fugitives seeking to wreak havoc. To stop the creatures, Lobo teams up with a teenage girl from a small town” [130].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

However, in 2010, Richie left the project to continue his box office hit, Sherlock Holmes, and production of the film was suspended [131] [132] [133].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

In April 2012, he signed a contract with screenwriter and director Brad Peyton, and Dwayne Johnson entered into negotiations to play the main character in July of the same year.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

The following year, Johnson landed the role of Black Adam in the DC Extended Universe, thereby ceasing to be a candidate for the role of Lobo [135] [136].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

In March 2016, it was reported that Jason Fuchs was working on rewriting the script [137].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

In June of the same year, Jason confirmed that the character's image would be the same as in the story arches of the original comics [138].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Actors and characters


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Soundtracks


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Singles


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Books


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Comics


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Games


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Box office fees


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Box Office Mojo Rating


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

The reaction of critics


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Honors


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

At the 89th Academy Awards, Suicide Squad won the Best Makeup and Hairstyles nomination [199];


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

At the 18th Golden Trailer Awards, the Wonder Woman trailer won Best Show and Best Fantasy Adventure nominations.


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

One of the film's posters also won in the nomination “Best Poster of the Summer Blockbuster 2017” [200].


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

See also


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

List of DC Comics films


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

The CW Channel DC TV Universe


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

DC Universe Original Animation


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Notes


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Category:Film series


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Category:DC Comics


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe


Question: How many DC animated films have been shot so far?

DC Extended Universe

Category:Movies in English


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Cartridge (unitary cartridge, Latin: unitas - “unity”) is an ammunition for small arms and artillery pieces, with which weapons are loaded in one go.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

A unitary cartridge can be an artillery shot or cartridge in which a projectile (bullet, buckshot or shot charge), a gunpowder charge, an igniting element (igniter cap) and, sometimes, additional the elements are connected into one piece by means of a sleeve.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The term “unitary cartridge” appeared in the XIX century - the design of earlier cartridges did not include a capsule that was charged separately.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

In modern treasure-loading small arms, only unitary cartridges are used.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

History


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

In early muzzle-loading firearms, a measured charge of gunpowder was poured into the barrel, where it was compacted with a wad of leather, felt or tow with a ramrod; then rolled into the barrel a lead bullet of spherical shape and was fixed by another wad, which prevented its uncontrolled movement in the barrel until the moment of the shot.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

After that, it was necessary to pour the gunpowder seed from the powder puff onto the shelf, which had an ignition hole communicating with the breech - the back of the barrel cavity in which the powder charge was located - and only then was the weapon ready to fire.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

To fire a shot, it was necessary to ignite the seed powder.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

In the oldest models of small arms and in ancient cannons, this was done with the help of a wick, which was ignited before the battle and smoldered in its continuation.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

In later samples, the seed was ignited by a spark caused by a flint hitting the steel chair when the trigger was triggered.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Some increase in the rate of fire was achieved thanks to the invention in the 17th century of a cartridge - a set for the production of a shot.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

At the gunpowder plant, dosed charges of gunpowder were packaged in paper bags, to which bullets were also attached.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

When loading, the shooter tore the paper shell of the cartridge, [1] poured gunpowder into the barrel of the weapon, used the paper as a wad, and sent a bullet from above.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Regular Russian military formations — archers — carried a “berendeyka” (a prototype of a modern cartridge belt) over their shoulders - a sling with wooden pencil cases hanging on cords, in which these packaged charges and bullets.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Artillery charges were also packaged in paper or linen caps (from French: cartouche - “cartridge”).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The appearance of the cartridge did not relieve the shooter from the need to pour the seed on the shelf, and then set it on fire when firing a shot, which took a significant part of the time when loading.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Therefore, in particular, before the invention of the unitary cartridge, the appearance of a real rapid-fire weapon was fundamentally impossible.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The shooter was relieved of this need when the Englishman Joseph Egg invented the capsule in 1818.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The capsule, which was a copper cap with a flammable initiating mixture inside, was put separately on the branch pipe and broke when fired by a trigger.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Paper pistons were also used.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The first inventor of the unitary cartridge is considered to be the Swiss J. S. Pauli, who in 1812 patented a virtually unitary central combat cartridge, ahead of the development of small arms by half a century, in addition, he creates a treasure-loading gun for this cartridge; despite the advantages of this cartridge, this invention went unnoticed and the further development of the unitary cartridge is associated with the names of von Dreise, Lefosche (who previously worked in Pauli's workshop), Boxer and Patte.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

In 1827, Nikolai Dreise proposed a cartridge in which a bullet, gunpowder and a capsule (more precisely, a piston) were combined in one paper case.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The process of manufacturing the cartridge proposed by Dreise was as follows: gunpowder was poured into the paper case, then a solid, folder cylinder (spiegel) was inserted, into the lower base of which the cake was pressed in striking composition, and in the upper one there was a recess corresponding to the shape of the bullet, and an ovoid, lead bullet.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

When the trigger was lowered, the needle, which is part of the lock, pierced the charge and cake of the strike composition, which caused the latter to ignite - a shot occurred; at the same time, the spiegel pressed into the rifles with powder gases barrel and, squeezing the bullet, forced it to take part in its rotation along the rifles.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

After the Austro-Prussian campaign of 1866, there was a widespread transition to unitary cartridges and rifles loaded from the treasury.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Experience soon showed that paper cartridges deteriorate from dampness - the impact cakes are separated from damp bottoms, which caused misfires, so in Russia, already in 1869, it was decided to alter 6-line rifles according to the Krnka system, adopting a unitary cartridge with a metal sleeve for the purpose of better obturation and simplification of the lock device.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The purpose of unitary metal cartridges is to achieve a high rate of fire and eliminate the breakthrough of powder gases when fired.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The metal cartridge case must, expanding, fit snugly against the walls of the chamber and the front section of the bolt to eliminate the breakthrough of gases through the bolt, and after the shot, take its original dimensions so that it can be removed from the barrel without difficulty.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

These requirements are met in two ways, which is why metal cartridges are divided into two categories: cartridges with seamless cartridges, and with composite cartridges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

In seamless sleeves, the side walls and the bottom are one piece, they are obtained from a circle of sheet brass by successive extracts.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Composite sleeves are rolled up from thin sheet brass in one or more turns; a separate bottom is firmly inspired with the side walls.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

When fired, the cartridge case is unfolded and its edges fit snugly against the chamber; after the shot, it is easily removed, even with a large gap of several points, while the seamless cartridges act it works only with a small (no more than ½ point) gap.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

After the sleeve is properly shaped, the walls inside it are varnished to protect the metal from oxidation, then a capsule is inserted into the bottom of the sleeve.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

At the location of the strike composition, the cartridges are divided into ring-ignition cartridges, when the strike composition is pressed into the sleeve around the circumference of its bottom, and the central fire, when the strike composition consists of a capsule and is installed in the center of the bottom; all composite cartridges are of the central fire.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

In an annular ignition cartridge, the sleeves can often break, since when the impact composition ignites, the bottom of the sleeve, where the metal is weakened by a double bend, is subjected to the greatest gas pressure.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The 4.2-line cartridge for the Berdan rifle (1868-1891), typical for its time in design, consisted of:


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

a bottle-shaped brass sleeve with an annular protrusion at the base - a rim, a depressed bottom and an anvil protruding from it, against which the impact composition of the capsule breaks and from the base of which inward casings lead three holes to communicate fire to the charge;


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

an inner brass cup pressed inside the sleeve to strengthen the bottom weakened by the bends of the metal to form a rim;


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

capsule - cups with a cake of shock composition, covered with a thin tin mug;


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

gun powder charge;


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

sealer - cups made of linen paper filled with stearin or pressed beef fat, for lubrication when the barrel bore is fired, which makes it easier to lag behind carbon deposits and does not lead;


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

a smooth lead bullet wrapped in paper (white for infantry cartridges, pink for cavalry cartridges), 1 bullet wrapper and inserted into a crimped muzzle.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The cartridge of earlier 6-line Krnka rifles is similar to the one described above - the difference is that the muzzle is not crimped in the case, and the entire sleeve narrows to the front end, the bullet from the gunpowder is separated by paper a circle instead of an oil seal; wax is inserted into the annular grooves on the side of the bullet.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The type of composite cartridges is the Boxer cartridge, used in England.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

It consists of a sleeve rolled up from sheet brass in two turns, the rear end of the sleeve is bent inward and inserted into the cup, which is inserted into another stronger, brass cup of the wall with cups are fastened by means of a binder rod with a through central channel pressed into the cup; a brass cap open from below is inserted into the spiegel channel from the inside, attaching an iron cap to the bottom of the cup a circle for which the extractor captures when the sleeve is ejected; a capsule with an anvil cut from a thin brass plate is inserted into the open end of the cap; gunpowder has been poured into the sleeve, a wax sealer was inserted; a lead bullet stamped with a groove near the bottom into which the walls of the cartridge case are pressed; the front of the cartridge case is crimped around the bullet.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Artillery shot


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

In the XIX century, unitary cartridges were used in artillery pieces of almost all calibers up to 6 inches inclusive.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Thus, there were unitary cartridges for 37, 47 and 57 mm caponier and coastal guns of the Nordenfeldt system and 6-inch rapid-fire guns of the Kane system for land and naval artillery; it was assumed accept a unitary cartridge for field guns.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The unitary cartridge for the 57 mm caponir gun consists of


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

projectile (grenades or buckshot)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

warhead,


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

felt pads between the charge and the projectile,


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

brass seamless sleeve with ignition tube and capsule.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The unitary cartridge case connects the projectile, charge, ignition tube and capsule into one whole and serves as an obturator.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The bottom of the sleeve with a rim turned along a cone corresponding to the conical recess on the front wall of the keyhole; the rim limits the movement of the sleeve into the chamber and serves to grip extractor when ejecting a spent cartridge case.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

The side walls of the case form a cone, a slope and a muzzle into which the projectile is inserted.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

In the center of the bottom of the sleeve there is a channel with a broadening for inserting the ignition tube: the latter is cylindrical with a cylindrical head tightly fitting into the broadening of the sleeve channel; there is a socket in the tube head for inserting a capsule consisting of a brass cup with a tompak cap, in the bottom of which an explosive composition is pressed, covered with a foil mug.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Gun cartridge

Five ¼” felt circles are laid between the grenade and the combat charge, and one between the buckshot and the charge.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In the 57 mm cartridge of the coastal rapid-fire gun, the charge is enclosed in a silk fabric cap and then inserted into the cartridge case; in addition to the ordinary cast-iron grenade and buckshot, there is a steel grenade and a steel diaphragm shrapnel.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridge designations


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Currently, in international practice, there is a more or less generally accepted nomenclature for the designation of cartridges developed by the Permanent International Commission for the Testing of Handguns weapons) (CIP).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The designation of the cartridge according to the C.I.P. method includes the caliber and length of the sleeve measured in mm, as well as the type of edge.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The entry 7.62 × 54 mm R denotes a 7.62 mm cartridge with a 54 mm sleeve with a protruding rim (Rimmed).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The record 6.35 × 15 mm SR denotes a 6.35 mm caliber cartridge with a 15 mm sleeve with an annular groove and a partially protruding edge (Semi Rimmed).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

However, these designations are not always used.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

For example, in the US, Great Britain and some other countries, cartridge calibers are measured in inches (up to hundredths of an inch in the United States, up to thousandths in the UK).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

A decimal that expresses the caliber value is written without zero in the missing integer, and a period is used instead of a comma.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Thus, the Colt cartridge of 0.45 inch caliber has the designation “.45” and “.450” [2].


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The expression “45 caliber”, “450 caliber” is often used in everyday life.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The sleeve length is not specified.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In the United States, the aforementioned 7.62 mm and 6.35 mm cartridges would be designated as.30 Russian and .25 ACP, respectively.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

C.I.P. itself often uses commercial designations for cartridges in her publications, for example, .505 Mag.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Gibbs instead of 12.8×80 mm.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

At the same time, it should be remembered that the calibers indicated in millimeters are not always accurately converted to inches and vice versa, based on the ratio of 1 inch = 25.4 mm.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

.38 cartridges manufactured in the United States may be designated there as 9 mm rounds, but 0.38 inches are not 9 mm, but 9.65 mm.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

At the same time, cartridges of caliber 9 mm are sometimes denoted as.357, but 9 mm is not 0.357 inches, but 0.354 inches.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Ammunition manufacturers use the.357 designation as an individual designation for a particularly powerful 9 mm cartridge [3].


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The markings of cartridges suitable for use with weapons of a particular caliber should be obtained from the manufacturer of the weapon.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridge classification


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

By purpose


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

martial


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Signal (noise)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Single


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Training


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Special (construction)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

By weapon type:


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Rifle and machine gun (including heavy caliber)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Intermediate (including low-pulse)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Pistol


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Rifle guns


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Revolvers


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

By projectile type:


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With an ordinary bullet


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With a bullet of increased penetration


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Reduced bullet velocity


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With an armor-piercing bullet


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With tracer bullet


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With armor-piercing incendiary bullet


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With armor-piercing incendiary tracer bullet


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Instant Incendiary Bullet


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With a sighting and incendiary bullet


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With an expansive bullet


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With a bursting bullet


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Shot


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With a chemical projectile (“gas”)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With a traumatic projectile (rubber, plastic bullet or shot, salt, etc.)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Propaganda (equipped with leaflets that fall out of the projectile after it detonates in the air)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

With a special projectile (construction dowel, etc.)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

By ignition method:


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Central ignition


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Ring (side) ignition


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Stilettos


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Electrically ignited


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

By type of propellant charge:


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Gunpowder


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Pyrofluids


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

According to the design of the sleeve:


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Sleeve with a protruding edge


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Sleeve with a non-protruding edge formed by an annular groove


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

A sleeve with a partially protruding edge formed by an annular protrusion and a groove


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Non-rimmed sleeve


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Full metal sleeve


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Composite sleeve


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Solid sleeve


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Combined sleeve (metal-plastic or metal-paper)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Caseless


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Modern treasure-loading weapons are manufactured for a specific cartridge, and not vice versa.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridge types


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The main group of cartridges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

They are designed to engage manpower and lightly armored vehicles when firing rifles, machine guns, pistols, assault rifles and other weapons.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

These are mainly the so-called central combat cartridges, that is, they have an igniter cap as an independent unit located in the center of the end of the cartridge case.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Live ammunition uses bullets of various effects (conventional, armor-piercing, incendiary, tracer), but all of them have a hard metal shell and, as a rule, a solid core.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In Russian-made weapons, cartridges of calibers 5.45 × 39 mm, 7.62 mm for various types of weapons, 9 × 18 mm are the most common; for smoothbore weapons - cartridges of 12 caliber.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Pistol cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Pistol cartridges are used in pistols, submachine guns, as well as in some revolvers.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The effective firing range is 100-300 meters (depending on the weapon and the cartridge used).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In Russia, the most common cartridge is 9 × 18 mm for the Makarov pistol, in the West and in Europe - 9 × 19 mm Parabellum with various types of bullet (armor-piercing, tracer).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In private security structures — a cartridge for service weapons 9×17 mm Kurz (.380


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Auto, 9 mm Browning Kurz).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The smallest central combat ammo ever created is the 2.7mm cartridge designed for the Hummingbird miniature pistol.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

All these cartridges have a case with a non-protruding edge formed by an annular groove.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Revolver cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The first revolvers were muzzle-loading, that is, gunpowder and a bullet were loaded into each of the chambers.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Usually, the revolver was supplemented with a lever that allowed the bullet to be sent tightly into the chamber.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The castle was a capsule.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The first revolver for a unitary cartridge was invented by the Parisian master Casimir Lefaucher in 1853. Cartridges in the Lefauche system were used hairpin.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The igniter cap in such a cartridge is located inside the cartridge case, a thin metal pin protrudes from the side of the sleeve, which transmits the trigger blow to the capsule.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Stud cartridges are installed in the drum chambers in a strictly defined position - with the stud outward, and require very careful handling.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Currently not applicable.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

A characteristic feature of revolver cartridges (for example, 7.62 × 38 mm Nagant) is the protruding edge - an annular protrusion at the base of the cartridge case.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The purpose of the rim is to hold the cartridge in the drum chamber.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Some rifle cartridges, for example, the domestic 7.62 × 54 mm R.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Intermediate cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Intermediate cartridge is a cartridge for firearms, intermediate in power between pistol and rifle cartridges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Intermediate cartridges are used when firing from assault rifles (assault rifles), light machine guns, carbines.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In Russia, the most common 5.45 × 39 mm cartridge for a Kalashnikov assault rifle, in NATO countries - a 5.56 × 45 mm cartridge, 6.8 mm Remington SPC (6.8 × 43 mm) and 6.5 × 39 mm Grendel (6.5 × 39 mm) are considered promising.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The effective firing range is up to 300-500 meters.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The appearance of intermediate cartridges is due to the fact that by the mid-1940s it became clear that pistol cartridges when firing from submachine guns have a low destructive ability at ranges above 300 m, and rifle cartridges have excess power for firing on the move and in automatic fire mode.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

All these cartridges have a non-protruding edge formed by an annular groove.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The protruding edge prevents the dense placement of cartridges in the magazine and complicates the equipment of the magazine, and also complicates the design of the reloading mechanism.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Rifle cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

At first, unitary metal rifle cartridges were equipped with black black powder, had a musket caliber 14-16 mm and a blunt bullet with a cylindrical case like 14 × 33 mm R Wenzl (Wenzl rifle ), .577 Snider (Snyder-Enfield) and 15.24 × 40 mm R (Krnk Rifle).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Then, towards the end of the century, a transition was made to 10-12 mm cartridges: such as 11 × 59 mm R Gras (Gras Rifle), .577/450 Martini-Henry (Peabody Martini Rifle), 10.75 × 58 mm R (Berdan Rifle), 11.15 × 58 mm R (Werndel rifle).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

They were used mainly in single-shot rifles.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, there was a transition to rifle cartridges of reduced caliber 6.5-8 mm on more powerful smokeless gunpowder, equipped with magazine rifles and machine guns.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Currently, rifle cartridges are mainly used for firing machine guns and sniper/Marksman rifles.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Despite the fact that sniper/Marksman rifles can use machine-gun cartridges of the same caliber, the standard ammunition for them is special sniper cartridges, which have significantly better accuracy.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Rifle cartridges differ from intermediate cartridges in more energy: they are able to maintain a lethal effect throughout the flight range.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

At the beginning of the 21st century, the armies of the world are mainly armed with four rifle cartridges:


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

7.5 × 55 mm - Swiss cartridge, used only by Swiss troops, replaced by 7.62 × 51 mm NATO;


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

7.5 × 54 mm is a French cartridge, gradually replaced by NATO's 7.62 × 51 mm NATO;


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

7.62×51 mm — standard rifle ammunition of the armies of NATO, the Americas, US allies in East Asia (Japan, South Korea, etc.) and other countries;


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

7.62 × 54 mm R is a Russian cartridge distributed in the armies of the countries of the former USSR, part of the allies of the USSR in Asia and Africa.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Back in the early 20th century, almost every European country had its own exclusive cartridge, which are now produced by rare enterprises (like Prvi Partizan) as “sports”.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

List of rifle cartridges in service [4]


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Countranatronaustro-Hungary8×50 mm R MannlicherAustria/Hungary8×56 mm RArgentina7.65×53 mm ArgentinoUK7.7×56 mm rGerman Empire/Third Reich7.92×57 mmGreece6.5×54 mm Manlicher-Schenauerdani8×58 mm RItaly6.5×52 mm Manlicher-frameItaly7.35×51 mm frameItaly8×59 mm RB Bredanato7.62×51 mmNetherlands/Romania6.5×53 mm rPortugal6.5×58 mm VergueiroRussian Empire/USSR 7.62×54 mm RSerbia7×57 MMSSHA7.62×63 mmThailand8×52 mm RFinland7.62×53 mm RFrance8×50 mm R Lebel France7.5×54 mmSwitzerland7.5×55 mm Schmidt-RubinSweden/Norway6.5×55 mmSweden8×63 mmMyaponia6.5×50 mm ArisakaJapan 7.7×58 mm Arisaka


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Machine gun cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In the interwar period, special cartridges for machine guns became widespread, especially in countries where standard rifle cartridges were too weak for use in automatic weapons.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Some countries have done this by developing specialized machine-gun cartridges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The Dutch were the first to begin this practice, using a special 7.92 × 57 mm R since 1908.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In Japan, in 1929, a semi-flange 7.7 × 58 mm SR was approved for the Type 89 and Type 99 machine guns.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Norway adopted 7.92×61 mm in 1929, Sweden approved 8×63 mm in 1932, and Italy 8×59 mm RB Breda in 1935. [4]


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The end of World War II marked the end of the active use of these cartridges, although some were still in use for some time.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Gradually, they were all replaced by 7.62 × 51 mm NATO and 7.62 × 54 mm R.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

An example of a domestic rifle cartridge specially designed for use in machine guns is the 7.62 × 54 mm R for the ShKAS machine gun.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Geometrically, this cartridge corresponds to a rifle cartridge, but has a case with thickened walls, a reinforced attachment of the capsule and bullet.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In addition to the plant number and the year of production, the sleeves for the SHKAS were branded with the letter “Sh”.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

It was forbidden to shoot ordinary rifle cartridges from the ShKAS (they could not withstand increased loads in a super-rapid-fire machine gun), and ShKAS cartridges were suitable for rifles and conventional machine guns.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Heavy machine guns use particularly powerful cartridges with a large (usually 12.7 mm or larger) caliber: 12.7 mm, 13.2 mm, 14.5 mm and 15 mm.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Currently, the dominant position in the world is occupied by Soviet 12.7 × 108 mm, 14.5 × 114 mm and American 12.7 × 99 mm cartridges.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

These cartridges have a rim that does not protrude beyond the base of the case and formed by an annular groove.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

NATO Standard Cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Tumbling bullets


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Most bullets (primarily rifle and intermediate calibers), regardless of the position of their centers of mass, begin to turn (“tumble”) in the target tissues under the action of the resistance of the medium.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The tumbling of small-caliber bullets is the result of a complex set of reasons, including a certain ratio of the length and caliber of the bullet, the relative location of the center of resistance and the center bullet masses, etc. Therefore, it would be a mistake to call small-caliber bullets bullets with a shifted center of gravity and put forward this as the only explanation for their instability, especially since the displacement of the center of mass of the bullet closer to its tail, it is ballistically justified and is typical not only for small-caliber, but also for 7.62 mm bullets.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Quite often, 7.62 mm bullets lose stability in case of chest injuries with damage to the ribs, as well as after preliminary penetration of protective vests and helmets.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The uniqueness of the design of the 5.45x39 mm cartridge bullet lies in the presence of a cavity in its head part - it serves to shift the center of gravity of the bullet to the base and probably contributes to a very early loss sustainability.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

On average, the 5.45-mm bullet begins to rotate at a depth of 7 cm, but does not collapse, and the bullet of the M193 cartridge starts at a depth of 12 cm. However, when the bullet of the M193 cartridge begins to “prowl”, it collapses, forming oblong fragments due to a break along the groove on the bullet shell and the subsequent destruction of the tail of the bullet (at 5.45 mm there is no such groove cartridge).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

This leads to extensive wounds, reports of which began to appear with the beginning of the use of the M16 rifle in the Vietnam War.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In 1980, one of the deputies of the German Bundestag made a request to the Minister of Defense of Germany about the excessive lethal effect and inhumanity of 5.45-mm bullets for the AK-74 assault rifle.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

used in Afghanistan.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

This was answered that the Minister of Defense of Germany had no complaints about the Soviet 5.45-mm cartridge in this regard.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In 1981, the Soviet government received a similar request from the International Red Cross and the UN.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Based on the results of extensive comparative tests, these organizations were presented with data demonstrating that the lethal effect of 5.45-mm bullets is slightly inferior to the bullets of the 5.56 mm M193 cartridge.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Numerous symposia on the damaging effect of small arms bullets did not confirm the validity of the demands to ban the 5.56 mm M193 cartridge on the basis of its inhumanity.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Moreover, surviving even a few wounds with 5.45 and 5.56 bullets is not uncommon.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Bullets of domestic cartridges, including 7.62 mm rifle and assault rifle calibers 5.45 × 39 mm and 7.62 × 39 mm, do not collapse even when firing at close range at a distance of 3 m. Foreign bullets of the 5.56 mm M193 cartridge, 5.56 × 45 mm NATO M109 cartridge, 7.62 × 51 mm NATO cartridge manufactured in Germany and Sweden are destroyed into fragments when fired at a range of up to 100 m or even more, strongly damaging tissues.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Of course, in some cases, the destruction of bullets is also possible when firing 5.45 mm cartridges when fired at close range or if a bullet hits a bone.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

But this is an inevitable tribute to the power of the shot necessary for a live cartridge.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

It should be borne in mind that the similar effect of 7.62 mm bullets is significantly less than that of 5.45/5.56 mm bullets: the severity of the wound is determined not so much by the contact speed of the bullet as the amount of kinetic energy transferred to tissues and the moment of maximum transfer of this energy throughout the wound canal [5] [6] [7].


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Hunting cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Hunting cartridges are designed primarily for firing from long-barreled rifled or smoothbore weapons.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Only the.22LR cartridge can be used to fire small caliber pistols.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Hunting rifled cartridges (except .22LR)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Designed for hunting beast from rifles and carbines.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

They have a cartridge case with a central combat capsule.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The bullet consists of a hard shell and a soft lead core.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The use of heat-strengthened steel, armor-piercing cores, as well as bullets of various effects (explosive, tracer) in hunting cartridges is not allowed by law.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridges 7.62 × 54R (according to the army classification 7.62 × 53), .308Win (7.62 × 51), 9 × 53R, 9.3 × 64 are widely used, and many other calibers are also used.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

.22LR (.22 Hunting Cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Long Rifle)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

A low-power ring-ignition cartridge can be used for hunting small animals such as marmot, squirrels, etc., as well as for sports shooting.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The bullet of the cartridge is completely lead, sometimes there are other types of bullets.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The capsule does not exist as an independent unit - the impact composition is pressed directly into the bottom of the sleeve.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

When firing such a cartridge, the hammer does not hit the center, but the peripheral part of the bottom of the cartridge case.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Ammo for smoothbore weapons


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

They have a cylindrical sleeve made of brass, paper or plastic, a central combat capsule, special bullets, shot or buckshot are used as a striking element.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

As a rule, all these elements are shellless, made of lead.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Some smoothbore bullets can stabilize in flight.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The shot and buckshot have a low effective range, as a rule, no more than 40-60 meters.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridges use various gaskets and wads to prevent gunpowder from entering the shot or spilling out the shot from the cartridge.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The material of gaskets and wads is cardboard, paper, etc. Polyethylene and cardboard obturators are also used in cartridges to prevent the breakthrough of powder gases and thereby increase the projectile's flight speed.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

In modern factory-made cartridges, polyethylene wad containers are mainly used, cast as a whole and consisting of an obturator, a shock absorber and a container containing a shot or buckshot.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

This method of charging allows you to slightly improve the accuracy of the shot shot, and also allows you to organize the equipment of cartridges on the automatic line.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Aircraft cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Aircraft machine guns, as a rule, use the same range of ammunition as infantry.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

At the same time, automatic aircraft guns and machine guns have a higher rate of fire and their cartridges have a more durable design (see Fig. SHKAS).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The only exception among aviation cartridges, which have no analogues among ground ammunition, is the 12.7 × 108 mm double-bullet cartridges for the YakB-12.7 machine gun.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridges for synchronized aircraft machine guns (which could be fired through an aircraft propeller) can also be considered special, which were subject to additional design requirements and which were tested under a more stringent program.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Tracer Bullet Ammo


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Cartridges, bullets in which contain a special composition that ignites from powder gases, as a result, the bullet in flight leaves a glowing trail behind it - a “track”.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

They are used for shooting at night, target designation and fire adjustment.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The disadvantage of these cartridges is a strong corrosive effect (ablation) and overheating of the barrel.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

This is especially true for sniper rifle barrels.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Marking: The bullet nose is painted green.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

According to the NATO standard, the bullet color is red.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Incendiary Bullets


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

This type of cartridge contains an incendiary compound that ignites due to the deformation of the shell when a bullet hits an obstacle.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Marking: The bullet nose is painted red.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

NATO standard — blue spout.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Combined Action Cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Armor-piercing incendiary bullets (B-32)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Combine the effect of armor-piercing and incendiary bullets.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Thus, combat effectiveness is increased.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Marking: The bullet nose is painted black with a red belt.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Armor-piercing incendiary tracer bullets (BZT)


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

They are similar to BZ bullets, but have a cup with a tracer composition in the bottom part.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Marking: The bullet nose is painted purple.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Blank cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Blank cartridges do not have a striking element; the muzzle of the cartridge case is simply rolled (crimped with an asterisk) to prevent the powder from spilling out, or, if necessary, maintain the length of the cartridge for correct operation of automation, the bullet was replaced by an overall model made of easily destructible material (usually plastic).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Despite the absence of a striking element, blank cartridges can also be extremely dangerous when shooting at close range.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

There is evidence of injuries and deaths when firing blank cartridges [8].


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Blank cartridges in combat conditions were used for firing rifle and rifle grenades.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Special mounting cartridges are used in construction and industrial tools.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Gas cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Gas cartridges are used for self-defense when firing gas pistols or revolvers.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The purpose of gas cartridges is to release a crystalline active substance when fired at a distance of up to 3 m.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Gas cartridges are equipped with crystalline powder (crystalline active substance) of chlorobenzalmalondinitrile (CS) or chloroacetophenone (CN).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Therefore, at the bottom of the sleeves, in addition to the caliber marking, the manufacturer (SM, HS, Geco, Wadie, Sax, RWS), as well as the active substance used (CS) or (CN) are indicated.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The muzzle of the gas cartridge casings are filled with paraffin (.22 lang, 6mm); rolled up in the form of an “asterisk” (9 mm, .45 short); or have a plastic plug (8 mm, 9 mm RA, .35).


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

When fired, the plastic plugs do not fly out together with the active substance, but are divided into 4 petals and remain inside the muzzle.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

The plastic plugs in gas cartridges have the following color: yellow if the cartridge is equipped with CS, and blue, purple, white (depending on concentration) if the cartridge is equipped with CN.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Traumatic cartridges


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

These are cartridges that use not an ordinary metal bullet as a striking element, but a traumatic, most often rubber bullet.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

Sometimes rubber bullets with a steel core are used to increase the flight range and increase the traumatic effect.


Question: How many types of cartridges are there for their intended purpose?

Cartridge

At the moment, there are 2 systems of traumatic ammunition in Russia: with electric ignition and classic shock ignition of gunpowder.