Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

Location


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

The park is a narrow strip between Sovetskaya Street and the Obvodny Canal, which separates the park from the Kronstadt Admiralty.


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

It starts from Karl Marx Street and ends at Komsomol Street.


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

The park is divided in two by Roshal Street, which leads to the Soviet Bridge.


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

In the eastern part of the park, a pedestrian Sailing Bridge is built across the Obvodny Canal.


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

Gallery


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

Park pedestrian alley


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

Monument to F. F. Bellingshausen


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

The monument to P. N. Kapitsa


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

View of Obvodny Canal and Naval Cathedral


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

Notes


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

References


Question: When was Catherine Park laid out?

Catherine Park (Kronstadt)

Category:Gardens and parks in Kronstadt


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenin (VPO named after Lenin) is a mass children's organization in the USSR.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

It was formed by the decision of the All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol on May 19, 1922, since then May 19 has been celebrated as Pioneer Day.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Until 1924, the pioneer organization bore the name of Spartak, and after the death of Lenin received his name.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The activities of the pioneer organization were managed by the Central Committee of the Komsomol


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

History


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The origins of the pioneer movement


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The origins of the pioneer movement lie in the Russian scout movement.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On its basis, a pioneer organization was created.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In the context of the coming Civil War, scouts helped to search for street children, organized children's police units and provided social assistance.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In the territories controlled by the Soviet authorities, the scout movement broke up into several directions.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Finally, pro-Soviet tendencies have arisen in scoutism.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Their most prominent spokesman was the scout leader of the RSFSR and the Far Eastern Republic Innokenty Zhukov (former secretary of the Russian Scout Society), who called for the creation of World Chivalry and Labor brotherhood of scouts based on labor, play, love for each other and the whole world, calling for close cooperation of scoutism with the Komsomol.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

At the same time, there was a trend of “Jukeism” (Yuk Scouts, that is, “young communists — scouts” [1]) directly trying to combine the principles of scoutism with communist ideology.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The idea of creating “UK Scouts” belongs to the Bolshevik functionary Vera Bonch-Bruevich.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

At the congress of the RKSM in 1919, it was decided to dissolve scout detachments [2].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Creating


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

At the same time, communist circles began to feel the need to create their own, communist organization to work with children.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The idea was formulated by N. K. Krupskaya, who in the 20th of November 1921 made a report “On Boy Scoutism” several times in different places (the report was soon published in a brochure entitled “RKSM and Boy Scoutism”), in which proposed that the Komsomol adopt scout methods and create a children's organization, “scout in form and communist in content.”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The leaders of the Komsomol, who had an extremely negative attitude towards scoutism, initially took these ideas with caution.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

However, after Krupskaya's speech at the bureau of the Central Committee of the RKSM (November 29), a special commission was created to discuss the issue “on the use of scoutism to educate working youth and children”.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

A detailed report by I. Zhukova.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On December 10, 1921, a positive decision of the Bureau was made on the report of the commission, and the search for specific organizational forms began.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

At the beginning of 1922, the idea was put forward to use scout methods not among Komsomol members, but among children and the creation of a children's communist movement (DKD).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

AND. Zhukov proposed for the new organization the name “pioneers” (borrowed from the practice of pioneering Seton-Thompson).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Its symbols were slightly modified scout symbols: a red tie (instead of a green one; it was already used by the Yukovtsy), a white (instead of green) blouse, the scout motto “Be ready!” and the scout answer to it is “Always ready!”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

From scoutism in the pioneer organization, game forms of educational work with children, the organization of children in detachments, the institution of counselors, gatherings around the fire, elements of symbolism (for example, three petals the lilies of the scout badge in the pioneer badge were replaced by three tongues of the flame of the fire, the three ends of the pioneer tie that turned red began to mean three generations: pioneers, Komsomol members and communists).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The scout call “Be ready!” has also been preserved with a change in its focus on fighting for the liberation of workers and peasants around the world.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On February 2, 1922, the bureau of the Central Committee of the RKSM sent a circular letter to local organizations on the creation of children's groups at Komsomol cells.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On February 4, the corresponding decision was made by the Moscow Committee of the RKSM.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

To this end, a special bureau was created, one of whose members, former scoutmaster Valerian Zorin, on February 12 organized a children's group at the I Communist Boarding School named after III International (in Zamoskvorechye).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The detachment, called “Young Scouts” in scout, soon broke up, and Zorin switched to organizing children at the Kauchuk plant.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

At the same time, on February 13, another former scoutmaster and member of the RKSM, 19-year-old Mikhail Stremyakov, organized a detachment of “young pioneers” at the School of Factory Apprenticeship (Fabzavuch) named after N. A. Borshchevsky at the former Mashistov printing house on Krasnaya Presnya.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

This last group is usually considered the first pioneer detachment [3] (at the same printing house, Stremyakov began publishing the pioneer magazine Baraban in April, and later became the first editor of the newspaper” Pionerskaya Pravda”).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On March 2, a temporary bureau of children's groups was created under the Central Committee of the RKSM with the task of developing a charter, which was presented in May to the II All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The resolution adopted on May 19 read: “Taking into account the urgent need for self-organization of proletarian children, the All-Russian Conference instructs the Central Committee to develop the issue of the children's movement and the use of the reorganized “scouting” system in it. Taking into account the experience of the Moscow Organization, the Conference supplies to extend this experience on the same grounds to other organizations of the RKSM under the leadership of the Central Committee” [4].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

A bureau for work among children of 7 people was created, members of the Central Bureau of Young Pioneers under the Central Committee of the RKSM were Innokenty Zhukov, 4 more of his former scoutmasters, as well as N. K. Krupskaya (party observer) and A. IN. Lunacharsky (Government observer).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

During 1922, pioneer detachments appeared in a number of cities and villages.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On December 3, the first pioneer detachments appeared in Petrograd.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The very first of them was organized by Komsomol member Sergei Margo.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The first four detachments were created from the Russian detachment of young intelligence officers.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

This event took place in the club of the old and young guards (Teatralnaya Square, house No. 14) [5].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In October, the 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all pioneer detachments into the children's communist organization “Young Pioneers named after Spartak”.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On January 21, 1924, on the day of Lenin's death, by the decision of the Central Committee of the RKSM, the organization was named after Lenin, and in March 1926, the official name was established - the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenin (which remained with the organization until the end of its existence).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer detachment led by Stremyakov


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer Live Newspaper.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer detachment of the Armenian village in Stavropol Krai, 1924


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer detachment of the Novikovsky orphanage (for children of exiled special settlers).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Tomsk Oblast, between 1930—1936


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Ruler in the pioneer camp “Artek”, 1925


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Painting by N. A. Kasatkin “For study. Pioneer Girl with Books”, 1925


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneers in the 1930s


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In the first half of the 1930s, there were cases of involving pioneers in the fight against anti-Soviet elements.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Such a struggle was promoted as a civic duty of a pioneer.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pavlik Morozov was proclaimed a model of the pioneer, who, according to the official version, reported to the authorities about his father (who abandoned Pavlik's mother), who helped the “fists”, and opposed him in court, after For which he watched the fists that covered the bread and reported on them; for which he was killed by them.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneers during the Great Patriotic War


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the pioneers sought to help adults in everything in the fight against the enemy, both in the rear and at the front, in partisan detachments and underground.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneers became scouts, guerrillas, cabin boys on warships, helped to hide the wounded.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

For military services, tens of thousands of pioneers were awarded orders and medals, four were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union — Lyonya Golikov, Zina Portnova, Marat Kazey and Valya Kotik [6].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Subsequently, the dead pioneers were included in the official list of pioneer heroes.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In the post-war years


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the pioneers were engaged in: collecting waste paper and scrap metal in the city, planting green spaces, in rural areas - raising small pets (rabbits , birds).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The best of the young workers were awarded awards from the Motherland.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On December 4, 1935, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, pioneer Mamlakat Nakhangova was awarded the Order of Lenin.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

An eleven-year-old Tajik woman exceeded the norm of an adult for picking cotton by seven times.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The Order of the Badge of Honor was awarded to Ishan Kadyrov and Khavakhan Atakulova, young livestock breeders Alyosha Fadeev from the Leningrad Region, Barasbi Khamgokov from the Kabarda Autonomous Region, Kolya Kuzmin from Kalinin Oblast, Vanya Chulkov from the Moscow Region, Mammad Hasanov from Dagestan, Vasya Voznyuk from Ukraine, Buza Shamzhanov from Kazakhstan, Eteri Gvintseladze is a Tbilisi pioneer, excellent student [7].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In the republics of Central Asia, pioneers grew cotton.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneers Tursunali Matkazinov and Natella Chelebadze were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in 1949 and awarded the Gold Star medal and the Order of Lenin.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

From 1953 to 1956 (that is, in the period after Stalin's death and until the XX Congress of the CPSU), the Central Committee of the Komsomol and the Central Committee of the CPSU received proposals to rename the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenin to the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenin and I. IN. Stalin.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Since 1955, the names of the best pioneers have been recorded in the book of honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In 1958, three stages of growth were introduced in the children's organization, at each of which children were awarded a special badge.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

To move to a new level, the pioneer worked according to a pre-drawn up individual plan.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

All pioneer work was combined into a two-year pioneer plan, which was focused on specific assistance to adults in the implementation of the seven-year plan.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Since 1962, the pioneer badge depicts Lenin's profile, which symbolizes the recognition by the state of the merits of the pioneer organization.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

This is due to the fact that in 1962, the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin was awarded the Order of Lenin for success in the socialist education of adolescents.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In 1972, the pioneer organization was re-awarded the Order of Lenin.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

By 1970, the All-Union Pioneer Organization united 23 million pioneers in more than 118 thousand pioneer squads.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Ideology


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In accordance with the regulations on the organization, the goal of the pioneer organization was to educate young fighters for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The goal was expressed in the organization's motto.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

To the call: “Pioneer, be ready to fight for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union!” — the answer follows: “Always ready!” [8]


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer organization educates young Leninists in the spirit of communist ideology and devotion to the Soviet Motherland, proletarian, socialist internationalism, a conscious attitude to work and public domain, development of spiritual


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

culture, intransigence to everything that is alien to the socialist way of life [8].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer laws


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Revision 1922


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

1. The young pioneer is loyal to the working class;


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

2. Honest, humble, truthful and not lazy;


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

3. Friend and brother to every other pioneer and Komsomol member;


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

4. Is diligent;


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

5. He is hardworking, cheerful and never loses heart;


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

6. He is thrifty and respects common work [9]


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

1967 Revision


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer is devoted to the Motherland, the party, communism.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer is preparing to become a Komsomol member


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer keeps an eye on the heroes of struggle and labor.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer honors the memory of the fallen fighters and is preparing to become a defender of the Motherland.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer is persistent in teaching, labor and sports.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

A pioneer is an honest and loyal companion, always boldly stands for the truth.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer is a comrade and leader of October.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer is a friend to pioneers and children of workers from all countries.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

1986 edition


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer, a young builder of communism, works and studies for the good of the Motherland, is preparing to become its defender.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer is an active fighter for peace, a friend to the pioneers and children of working people from all countries.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer looks up to the Communists, prepares to become a Komsomol member, leads the Octobryats.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer values the honor of his organization, strengthens its authority with his deeds and actions.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer is a reliable friend, respects the elders, takes care of the younger ones, always acts according to conscience and honor.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Admission procedure


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 years were admitted to the pioneer organization.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Reception was made individually, by open voting at the meeting of a pioneer detachment or squad (if it was not divided into detachments) operating in a secondary school and boarding school.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

He joined the pioneer organization on the pioneer line gave the Solemn Promise of the pioneer of the Soviet Union.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

A communist, Komsomol member or senior pioneer tied him a red pioneer tie and pinned (handed) a pioneer badge.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

As a rule, pioneers were accepted in a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, for example, on April 22 near the monument to V. AND. Lenin.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer's Solemn Promise


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

“I, (surname, first name), joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, solemnly promise in the face of my comrades: to love and protect my Motherland fervently, to live as I bequeathed great Lenin, as the Communist Party teaches, always comply with the Laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union.”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Note:


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Until 1986, it was: “... love your Motherland fervently, live, study and fight, as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches, to always comply with the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union.”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Revision 1922


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Honestly, I promise that I will be loyal to the working class, I will help my fellow workers every day, know the laws of the pioneers and obey them [11].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Revision 1923


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

I, a young pioneer of the USSR, solemnly promise in the face of my comrades that [12]


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

1) I will stand firmly for the cause of the working class in its struggle for the liberation of workers and peasants around the world.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

2) I will honestly and steadily follow the laws and customs of young pioneers.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

1924 Revision


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

As a young pioneer of the USSR, I solemnly promise in front of my comrades that I will stand firm for the cause of the working class in its struggle for the liberation of workers and peasants around the world.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

I will honestly and steadily fulfill Ilyich's covenants, the laws and customs of young pioneers [13].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

1928 Revision


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

I, a young pioneer of the USSR, solemnly promise in the face of my comrades that: 1) I will firmly stand for the cause of the working class in its struggle for


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

liberating workers all over the world.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

2) I Will Honestly and Steadily Follow Ilyich's Covenants — Laws of the UE [14]


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Structure


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Initially, pioneer organizations were created by local cells of the RKSM at enterprises, institutions and villages.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer organizations in schools, that is, regardless of place of residence, began to be created in 1923. (called “outposts” and “bases”); they united pioneers of different detachments and were used in the struggle for a “new school” (in fact, in establishing communist control over the school, in the same degrees for students and teachers) [15].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In 1929, the restructuring of the organization began on the school principle (class — detachment, school — squad).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

It took such proportions that the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b), by a special decree of April 21, 1932, condemned “attempts to eliminate the pioneer movement by merging it with the school, as well as perversions that promote transfer of educational functions of the school to the pioneer movement” [16].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

However, this resolution did not have any results, and in the end, the “class-detachment” system, “school-squad” was adopted everywhere.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In its classical form, the All-Union Pioneer Organization united republican, regional, district, city, district pioneer organizations in the USSR.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Formally, the Regulations on the All-Union Pioneer Organization stated that the basis of the organization is a squad that is created in schools, orphanages and boarding schools with at least 3 pioneers.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In squads of more than 20 pioneers, pioneer detachments are created, uniting at least 3 pioneers.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Detachments of different ages could be created in orphanages and pioneer camps.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

A detachment of 15 or more pioneers is divided into links [10].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In fact, as indicated, pioneer detachments (which in turn were divided into links led by link units) united students of the same class, and squads united students of the same school.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The pioneer organization also worked in summer pioneer camps.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Camp detachments became pioneer detachments during the rest, and all the pioneer detachments of the camp became a squad.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Senior pioneers


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In 1982, the structure of the organization underwent some changes — a new link was created between the pioneers and Komsomol members — senior pioneers; students in grades 7 and 8 became senior pioneers [17] [18].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The external difference was wearing a badge that combines elements of Komsomol and Pioneer.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Theoretically, senior pioneers were supposed to continue wearing a red tie, but many tried to wear “adult” ties.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The Institute of Senior Pioneers was not widely successful and widespread.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer self-government


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The supreme body of the squad, detachment, link is a pioneer gathering.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The gathering of the detachment took schoolchildren to the pioneer organization, offered the squad council to recommend worthy pioneers to the ranks of the Komsomol, planned the work, evaluated the activities of the detachment council, links, each pioneer.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The gathering of the squad was elected by the squad council, the gathering of the detachment - the council of the detachment, the gathering of the link - the link.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The councils of the squad and detachments elected the chairman of the council of the squad and detachment.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In the All-Union, republican, regional, district, city, district pioneer organizations, the form of self-government of pioneers was pioneer gatherings, which were held every 5 years ( all-Union and republican) or once every 2-3 years (regional, regional, district, city and district).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

City (district) councils of the pioneer organization created pioneer headquarters from representatives of all pioneer squads of the city.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The city headquarters gathered the most active part of the pioneer organization, its most active elite [10].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Leadership


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The All-Union Pioneer Organization was led by the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League (Komsomol), which in turn was controlled by the CPSU.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

All councils of pioneer organizations worked under the leadership of the relevant committees of the Komsomol.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Komsomol congresses and conferences heard reports from councils of pioneer organizations and assessed their activities.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The chairmen, deputies and secretaries of councils of pioneer organizations from the Central to the district were approved by the Plenums of the relevant committees of the Komsomol.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Numerous Palaces and Houses of Pioneers and Schoolchildren, and other extracurricular institutions were the basis of organizational, mass and instructional and methodological work with pioneers and pioneer personnel.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Komsomol committees provided pioneer squads with personnel of senior pioneer counselors, carried out their selection, placement, advanced training and education.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Primary Komsomol organizations sent detachment counselors to pioneer squads, selected leaders of circles, clubs, sections, and other interest associations, helped them organize life pioneer groups.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Leaders of the USSR pioneer movement


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Activities


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Waste paper collection


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Scrap collection


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Review of the system and songs


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Helping pensioners (Timur movement)


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Military sports “Zarnitsa”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

All-Union Football Competition of Yard Teams “Leather Ball”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

All-Union ice hockey competitions of yard teams “Golden Puck”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Team ball game Pioneer Ball (simplified version of volleyball)


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Team ball game “Sniper” (similar to “Dodgeball”)


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Young assistants to traffic inspectors (“Juid” movement)


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Youth Volunteer Fire Brigades (“UDPD” movement)


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Blue Patrol (water protection) and Green Patrol (forest protection)


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Young naturalists


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Classes in sports clubs and sections


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Raising service horses and dogs (in the 1930s)


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Competition Awards


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

For success in the competition for the collection of waste paper and scrap metal “Million to the Motherland”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Medal to the winner of the military sports game “Zarnitsa” for the prize of the newspaper “Pionerskaya Pravda”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Medal to the winner of the Golden Puck children's hockey tournament for the prize of the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Medal to the winner of the tournament of young chess players for the prize of the newspaper Pionerskaya Pravda


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Medal to the winner of the All-Union ski competitions of pioneers and schoolchildren for the prize of the newspaper “Pionerskaya Pravda”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Medal for Pathfinder, winner in orientation on the terrain for the prize of the newspaper “Pionerskaya Pravda”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Young Pathfinder Badge (Excellence in Orienteering)


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Badge of the Leather Ball children's football tournament for the prize of the newspaper “Pionerskaya Pravda”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer camps


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The vast majority of pioneers spent school holidays in pioneer camps.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In the USSR, there were up to 40,000 summer and year-round pioneer camps, where about 10 million children rested annually.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

There was a kind of unspoken hierarchy of them.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The most famous of them was the All-Union Pioneer Camp of the Central Committee of the Komsomol “Artek”, which had international status.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The second place in terms of prestige was occupied by the Orlyonok All-Russian Pioneer Camp (Krasnodar Krai, RSFSR).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The third place was occupied by the All-Union Pioneer Camp of the Central Committee of the Komsomol “Ocean” (Primorsky Krai, RSFSR).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

This was followed by republican recreation camps: “Molodaya Gvardiya” (Odessa region, Ukrainian SSR) and “Zubrenok” (Minsk region, BSSR).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Symbols


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer tie


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer badge


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer attributes


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The most important pioneer attributes were the squad banner, detachment flags, a horn and a drum, which accompanied all the solemn pioneer rituals.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Each pioneer squad had a pioneer room, where the relevant attributes were stored and meetings of the squad council were held.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In the pioneer room, as a rule, a ritual stand with pioneer attributes, a Lenin corner and a corner of international friendship were decorated.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

At school and in classrooms, pioneers published and posted handwritten squad and detachment wall newspapers.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer uniform


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On ordinary days, it coincided with school uniforms, supplemented by pioneer symbols — a red tie and a pioneer badge.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On solemn occasions (holidays, greetings at party and Komsomol forums, meetings of foreign delegations, etc.), a dress uniform was worn, which included:


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

red caps, pioneer ties and badges;


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

boys wear uniform white shirts with gold-plated buttons and sleeve emblems, belted with a light brown belt with a gilded buckle, blue trousers and dark shoes;


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

girls also have uniform white shirts with gold-plated buttons and sleeve emblems, or just white blouses, blue skirts, white knee-highs and white shoes;


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

in regions with a hot climate, shoes were replaced by sandals, and trousers could be replaced by shorts, if this did not contradict the spirit of the event and the national traditions of the republic;


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

For banner groups, the dress uniform was complemented by a red ribbon over the shoulder and white gloves.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On the dress shirt on the left sleeve above the sign of the pioneer organization there was a belt loop (fabric strip), on which the insignia of the pioneer organization were attached - plastic red stars with an eyelet for sewing.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The asterisks were of two sizes and indicated the following:


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

1 small star is a link, a standard-bearer of the detachment, a member of the Squad Council.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

2 small stars — Chairman of the Squad Council, Member of the Squad Council.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

3 small stars — Chairman of the Squad Council, Member of the District Pioneer Headquarters.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

4 small stars — Chairman of the District Pioneer Headquarters, Member of the City Pioneer Headquarters


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

1 Big Star — Team Counselor


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

2 big stars — Senior Pioneer Counselor


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

3 big stars — Head of the District Pioneer Headquarters, Member of the City Council of the Pioneer Organization


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Hymn


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The anthem of the pioneer organization is the March of Young Pioneers, a Soviet pioneer song written in 1922 by two Komsomol members - pianist Sergei Kaidan-Dyoshkin and poet Alexander Zharov.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer news publications


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The Central Committee of the Komsomol, the Central Committee of the Komsomol, the Central Committee of the Komsomol, the Central, Republican, Regional and Regional Councils of Pioneer Organizations published pioneer newspapers and magazines and other children's literature, including:


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper,


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer magazine,


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

“Kostyor” magazine,


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

“Young Technician” magazine,


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Young Naturalist magazine


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

et al.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Radio and television regularly aired programs for pioneers, the Pionerskaya Zorka radio newspaper aired daily, the Orlyonok TV studio operated on Central Television, and in cinemas in front the monthly documentary newsreel “Pioneer” was often shown as a screening of the film.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneers in culture and cinema


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The adventures of Petrov and Vasechkin, ordinary and incredible


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Petrov and Vasechkin's holidays, ordinary and incredible


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

A guest from the future


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Adventure Electronics


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Breakfast on the grass


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Moscow — Cassiopeia


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The weirdo from the fifth “B”


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Near You (1976)


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Welcome or No Trespassing


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The Bronze Bird


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The passenger from the Equator


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Old Khottabych


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Private pioneer


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Blue Nights


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

ShKID Republic


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

My friend Kolka!


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Criticism


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Writer Vladislav Krapivin believes that if initially pioneer detachments were voluntary associations, then, having fallen under the rule of the school, the organization lost absolutely all elements of voluntariness, has ceased to be an organization as such.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The sprouts of any childish democracy were diligently weeded out, like weeds from carrot beds.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Everything was subject to strict school regulations.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Class is a squad.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The links in the classroom (not always, but often) — along the rows of desks.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

If Mar-Ivanna transplanted aquatic Petka Ivanov from one row to another, he automatically moved to another link.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

(“What do you mean you're used to those guys? First get used to behaving properly, and then reason!”).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

There were times when detachment commanders (“chairmen of the council”) were appointed teachers.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

And if they did, it was, as a rule, under pressure from the same class teacher.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

It turned out that the main task of the pioneer is still the same: “Study, study, and study...” (why then a tie?) The training camp is like additional lessons and class hours (“Petrov, why were you accepted as a pioneer? So you can scratch your tongue with your neighbor when your cl... squadmates are getting ready for the event? You're going to the corridor now!.. So, we start collecting. Merchandise to the board!.. Bugler and drummer to the board, I said! Give a signal for the opening of the training camp! Yes, not so loud, there is a lesson in the next class...”) [20].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Dissolution


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

During the period of perestroika and liberal reforms, on the initiative of the Chairman of the Central Council of the All-Union Pioneer Organization N. Nikitin, the main ideologist of the radical restructuring of the activities of the pioneer organization towards its democratization [21], on October 1, 1990, at the 10th All-Union Pioneer Meeting in Artek, delegates were it was decided to transform a single pioneer organization into the Union of Pioneer Organizations — Federation of Children's Organizations (SPO-FDO), the chairman of which at the meeting was elected his deputy E.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

E.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Chepurnykh [22], however, the pioneer organization did not have an independent legal form, the Central Council had only advisory functions, and on the basis of the Regulations on the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenin was and acted as part of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, which did not approve the decision on reorganization.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On September 27—28, 1991, after the ban of the CPSU, the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol was held, which declared the historical role of the Komsomol exhausted, dissolving the Komsomol All-Union Organization at the congress, at the same time officially ceasing the existence of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

After the collapse of the USSR and the self-dissolution of the Komsomol, the organization's property was seized, part of the Central Council building in Moscow at Novaya Ploshchad 8 became the property of SPO-FDO [23], in the Palaces regions pioneers were converted into “Houses of Children and Youth Creativity”, becoming the property of municipalities, the vast majority of pioneer camps were converted into private camp sites and boarding houses, some in children's health camps (not related to politics and ideology), most of them located far from settlements, are abandoned in the forests of the former Soviet republics.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Successors


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The organization has no official legal successors.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In the former Soviet republics, the pioneer organization does not have the support of the state and is not massive and all-encompassing.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

By decree of President of Belarus A. G. Lukashenko restored the activities of the pioneer organization at the state level, changing the symbols and name “Belarusian Republican Pioneer Organization” (BRPO) under the Belarusian Republican Youth Union.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

The color of the pioneer tie is red-green (the color of the national flag of Belarus).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On July 11, 1992, under the chairmanship of Elena Evgenievna, former deputy chairman of the Central Council of the Lenin Chepurnykh All-Union Pioneer Organization, the constituent congress of the Union was held in Artek pioneer organizations — the Federation of Children's Organizations” (SPO-FDO).


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Having proclaimed the rejection of political and party influence, becoming a voluntary association of children's organizations, the organization was officially registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation [24].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Since 1998 to the present, on the initiative and support of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, a solemn assembly has been held annually on Pioneer Day on Red Square in Moscow, which is attended by thousands of children from all over Russia [25].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Public initiative groups and enthusiasts support the ideological activities of the Pioneer Movement on a voluntary basis, carrying a purely symbolic character.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

One of these organizations is the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and SPO-FDO.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

In October 2010 Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said that he is not against the revival of the pioneer and Komsomol movement in Russia, but at the level of a public organization, without its ideological component and without State participation.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

On October 29, 2015, by Decree No. 536 of Russian President Vladimir Putin, in order to improve state policy in the field of educating the younger generation, the “Russian schoolchildren's movement” — which uses the organizational form of the pioneer movement, membership in which is voluntary from the age of 8 [27].


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

See also


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer Day


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer movement


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Oktyabryata


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Komsomol


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer camp


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Russian Schoolchildren Movement


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Pioneer Palace


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Children's Public Association


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Scout movement


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Notes


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Literature


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Domank A. S. Signs of military valor.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

- M.: Publishing house of DOSAAF USSR “Patriot”, 1990.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

References


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

//rian.ru


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

//dddgazeta.ru


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

S. G. Leontyev


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

S. G. Leontyev


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

S. G. Leontyev


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

IN. Chekmarev


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

//simvolika.rsl.ru


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

//molmuseum.ru


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

on DOVERIE TV channel


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Missing or empty |series= (help); URL—WikiLink conflict (help) — A film about the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina.


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

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Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

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Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

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Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Category:Komsomol


Question: Who was the first head of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. AND. Lenina?

Category:Organizations established in 1922


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

F-22 Raptor (English: Raptor - bird of prey) is a fifth-generation multipurpose fighter [1] developed by Lockheed Martin, Boeing and General Dynamics to combat enemy aircraft, covering troops and rear facilities from air strikes, countering enemy air reconnaissance day and night, in simple and difficult weather conditions.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The F-22 is the first fifth-generation fighter in service.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

History


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Start of work on the fifth-generation fighter


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In 1981, the US Air Force formulated requirements for a new jet fighter, an advanced front-line fighter (ATF), which was to replace the F-15 Eagle.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The new fighter was proposed to include all the latest developments, including advanced avionics, new digitally controlled engines, and should also be invisible to radars and multifunctional.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In July 1986, a competition for the design of a fifth-generation fighter was announced.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In October of the same year, two teams, Lockheed/Boeing/General Dynamics and Northrop/McDonnell Douglas, were selected to create a new fighter within 50 months.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

By 1990, each team had built two aircraft prototypes, the YF-22 and the YF-23.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Huge funds were spent on the development of ATF aircraft by the end of the 80s, so companies had to abandon the side-scan radar, optical location station and missile warning system attack (the AN/ALR-94 system is installed on F-22 aircraft).


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The requirements for the aircraft were reduced to avoid an increase in the cost of the development program and then production aircraft [2].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

On April 23, 1991, the US Air Force announced the Lockheed/Boeing/General Dynamics group of companies the winner in the competition for the fifth generation fighter.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

ATF and F-22 Raptor program


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The first pre-production car took off on September 7, 1997.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Compared to the prototype, the F-22 was equipped with more powerful engines (15,876 kgf against 13,900 on the prototype) with a vertically controlled thrust vector, the aircraft's glider was partially changed: the shape of the wing, elevator, nose fairing has changed, the cockpit light has been moved forward [3].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Serial production of the aircraft began in 2001.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

On January 14, 2003, the first production F-22 entered the Nellis military base, located in the Nevada desert.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

By 2004, a total of 51 aircraft had been built.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In 2006, the combat unit, the 27th Squadron of Tactical Fighters, stationed at Langley Air Base, completely switched to new fighters for the first time.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In 2006, it was planned to purchase 382 aircraft to equip seven combat duty squadrons, and in 2008, the purchase plan was reduced to 188 aircraft, 127 of which had already been built.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The economic crisis and the huge cost of the aircraft forced the US government to abandon purchases of this aircraft and focus on the F-35 program.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

On January 21, 2009, a group of US congressmen sent a letter to President Barack Obama in which they reported on the distribution of S-200/300 air defense systems around the world as the main argument for continuing production F-22 Raptor fighters [5].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

On April 6, 2009, as part of the publication of the draft budget of the Pentagon for 2010, US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced plans to complete the production of F-22 fighters in 2011 [6] at the previously approved By the US Congress, the number of 187 cars.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In July of the same year, Congress refused to increase purchases of this fighter, starting in 2010 [7] in favor of increasing costs for the development of the F-35 multirole fighter program.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In July, the US Senate voted to reduce the 2010 military budget by $1.75 billion allocated for the production of the F-22 Raptor [8].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

On December 13, 2011, Lockheed Martin Corporation's assembly shop in Marietta, Georgia, left the last production F-22A fighter with tail number 10-4195.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

It became the 195th F-22A to be produced since 1997, and on May 2, 2012, became the last, 187th serial fighter handed over to the US Air Force.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Design


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The design of the aircraft is based on the principle of ensuring increased survival by implementing the principle of “First look — first kill” (the first discovered - the first hit).


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

For this purpose, visibility reduction technologies (“Stealth”) have been widely used.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

An important design solution characteristic of 5th generation fighters that reduces the visibility of the aircraft is the placement of standard weapons in the internal compartments.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The F-22 also has external suspensions, but installing ammunition on them worsens stealth.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The purpose of this design solution was to increase the versatility of the aircraft.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Glider


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In the design of the aircraft airframe, the share of polymer composite materials (PCM) is at least 40% (according to other sources, 60%), of which at least 30% are thermoplastic carbon plastics, widely radar absorbing materials (RPM) were used.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In particular, the RPM constructively designs the edges of the aircraft's wing.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Most of the structure is made of PCM based on bismaleimides, a class of heat-resistant polymers that can work at temperatures up to 230 degrees Celsius.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The second most important polymer composites are represented by thermoplastic carbon plastics, in particular Avimid K-III material from DuPont, the advantages of which, in addition to strength, maintainability and heat resistance, include the best characteristics of permissible damage.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The contours of the cracks formed at the junction of the cockpit lantern with the fuselage, the flaps of the landing gear and weapons compartments have a sawtooth shape, which also ensures effective dispersion of the electromagnetic energy and prevents its direct reflection in the direction of the transceiver antenna of the enemy's radar.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The wing is a diamond-shaped, vertical V-shaped stabilizer.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The aircraft was designed taking into account the requirements of combat survivability.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

According to a number of data [10] [11], the survivability of the airframe structure is solved in relation to the high-explosive fragmentation incendiary (OFZ) projectile, which forms the basis of the ammunition of Russian 30-mm aircraft guns.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Motors


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The F-22 is equipped with two Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 turbojet dual-circuit engines with afterburners (TRDF) with a thrust of 15,876 kgf, and equipped with a vertically controlled thrust vector .


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

These engines have a non-afterburner thrust of about 10,000 kgf and allow the aircraft to fly at supersonic speed without using afterburner, which is an important tactical advantage.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The engine nozzles have a flat shape, which reduces the visibility of the aircraft in the infrared range.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The design of the nozzle devices uses a radar absorbing material based on ceramics, which reduces the radar visibility of the aircraft.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Onboard equipment


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The F-22 Raptor is controlled by two fault-tolerant on-board computers, called CIP - Common Integrated Processor.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Each of them has 66 modules, each module is based on a 32-bit RISC processor i960.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Onboard radar


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The F-22 is equipped with an AN/APG-77 radar with an active phased array antenna.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

This type of antenna consists of ~2000 receiving-emitting elements.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The main advantage of such an antenna is the electronic control of the main lobe of the radiation pattern (analogous to beam scanning) - there is no need for mechanical scanning, which simplifies the design and improves the reliability of work.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The target detection range with EPR = 1 m² is 225 km (normal mode) and 193 km (LPI mode), cruise missile (0.1 m²) is 125—110 km.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The radar instrumental range is 525 km.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The radar's ability to operate in low interception probability (LPI) mode makes conventional SPO/RTR systems useless.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The AN/APG-77 radar is capable of active radar search for a fighter aircraft equipped with SPO/RTR equipment in such a way that the target does not know that it is irradiated.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Unlike conventional radars, which emit powerful pulses of energy in a narrow frequency range, AN/APG-77 emits low-energy pulses over a wide frequency range using a technique called broadband transmission.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

When multiple echoes return, the radar signal processor combines these signals.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The amount of energy reflected back from the target is at the same level as a conventional radar, but since each LPI pulse has a significantly lower amount of energy and a different signal structure, targets will be difficult to detect F-22. [12]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Data transmission channels


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The aircraft is equipped with an integrated communication, navigation and identification system originally developed by TRW.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

It includes a radar identification system — “friend or foe”, as well as protected and noise-resistant IFDL and Link-16 JTIDS channels.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The aircraft has a scheme for both receiving and transmitting data via the IFDL channel between other F-22s, while the Link-16 JTIDS channel, for reasons of improving radar stealth, is implemented only to receive data.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

As part of the modernization of Increment 3.2, the fighter was planned to be equipped with a more modern MADL channel installed on B-2 Spirit bombers and F-35 Lightning II multirole fighters.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

However, in 2010, the US Air Force abandoned this initiative in favor of stealth.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Arming


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

F-22 armament:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

20 mm M61A2 Vulcan cannon (480 shells);


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Air-to-air missiles:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

six AIM-120C AMRAAM;


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

two AIM-9M Sidewinder.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

JDAM guided bombs.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The F-22 is compatible with guided high-precision bombs GBU-39 and SDB-53/B, test drops were carried out, however, for 2015 there were no plans to integrate them with the F-22 [14] [15].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The fighter is capable of launching missiles and dropping bombs from internal compartments at supersonic speeds.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

[16] [17] [18]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Fuel capacity


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

According to experts from the military analytical magazine Armada international, the F-22 fighter carries a very limited supply of fuel inside the fuselage (only 8.2 tons), which makes it critical depending on the possibility of refueling in the air [19].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Operation


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

As of May 2012, 184 F-22A were in service with the US Air Force [20].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

As of July 2010, the F-22 was in service with the following units of the US Air Force:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

1st Fighter Wing, Langley AFB, Virginia


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

27th Fighter Squadron [21]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

94th Fighter Squadron


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

192nd Fighter Wing of the National Guard, Langley AFB, Virginia


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

149th Fighter Squadron


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The 325th Fighter Wing, Tyndall AFB, Florida is a pilot training center.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

43rd Fighter Squadron [22]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

49th Fighter Wing, Holloman AFB, New Mexico [23]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

7th Fighter Squadron


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

8th Fighter Squadron


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Air Force Reserve Command Fighter Group 44th, Holloman AFB, NM [24]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

301st Fighter Squadron


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

53rd Wing, Eglin AFB, FL


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

422nd Test and Evaluation Squadron [25]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

57th Wing, Nellis AFB, NV — 10 miles northeast of Las Vegas


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

433rd Combat Use Squadron [26]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Test Wing 412, Edwards (AFB), CA — 60 miles north of Los Angeles


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Test Squadron 411


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

3rd Wing, Elmendorf-Richardson Joint Base, Anchorage, Alaska


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

90th Fighter Squadron [27] [28]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

525th Fighter Squadron


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Air Force Reserve Command Fighter Group 477th, Elmendorf-Richardson Joint Base, Anchorage, Alaska


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

302nd Fighter Squadron


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

15th Wing, Hickam Air Base, Hawaii


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

19th Fighter Squadron [29]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

154th National Guard Fighter Wing, Hickam (AFB), Hawaii [30]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

199th Fighter Squadron


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In 2006, the Norden Age exercise was conducted, in which training air battles of 12 F-22 fighters with F-15, F/A-18C and F/A-18E were conducted.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

During the first week of the exercise, F-22 aircraft conditionally shot down 144 enemy aircraft without losses on their part [31].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In just two weeks of exercise, the F-22 won 241 conditional victories, losing two aircraft [32].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

In June 2012, exercises were conducted in Alaska, including individual air battles between F-22 fighters and Typhoons under the control of German pilots.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

According to Major Mark Grune, who participated in the exercises, during the exercises, the opponents fought on an equal footing, at long distances the F-22 had an advantage due to the latest equipment, but at close distance lighter Typhoon was in an advantageous position [33].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

A similar case occurred in July 2015, when the fifth-generation F-35 fighter lost melee combat to the F-16, which has been in service since 1979 [34].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

35] The export of the aircraft was banned by the US Congress in 1997 [35].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Combat use


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

On September 23, 2014, the media reported on the first combat use of the F-22 of the US Air Force against Islamists in Syria.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The plane attacked the city of Raqqa and its suburbs.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

[36] By February 2015, the F-22s had completed at least 112 combat missions in the skies of Syria [37].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

By June 2015, the F-22s were part of every group of attack aircraft bombing Syria.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

One 11-hour flight is described, in which the F-22 clearly demonstrated its versatility by performing a strike mission, reconnaissance of enemy ground forces, pointing other aircraft at targets and accompanying bombers [38].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Economic indicators


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Airplane cost


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The F-22 is one of the most expensive fighters in the world in service [39].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The production cost of one aircraft is estimated at $146.2 million. (for 2008), and the full price, taking into account all indirect costs and with the expected production volume, is 350 million [40].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

This high cost was mainly the reason for a multiple reduction in the volume of purchases of this aircraft.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Of the originally planned 750 units, only 187 aircraft were purchased during the entire production period of the fighter [41].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Sometimes the F-22 is said to be “worth its weight in gold” [42], which literally corresponded to the financial markets as of February 2006 — the cost of 19.7 tons of pure gold (the weight of an empty F-22A) during this period was 350 million dollars [43].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

At the same time, the F-22 is not the most expensive aircraft in the world.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The most expensive is the stealthy B-2 Spirit bomber, each of which cost the US Air Force $1.157 billion excluding R&D [44], and $2.1 billion including R&D [45].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

According to the US General Audit Office (GAO), at the end of 2010, the full price of one F-22 aircraft (including the cost of the development program) reached $411.7 million [46] [47].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Operating costs


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

According to the Pentagon, the operating cost per unit of the F-22 does not much exceed that of other fighters.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

However, this claim has been questioned and criticized in some American media.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

According to The Washington Post, the operating costs of this fighter are much higher than the figures announced by the Pentagon.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

An article in the newspaper claimed that this was due to the vulnerability of the radar absorbing coating, the accelerated wear of which, according to the author of the article, could even cause ordinary rain [48].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Also, citing unnamed US military, the newspaper reported that the cost of an F-22 flight hour is $44,000 [48].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

At a hearing in the US Senate, representatives of the Pentagon called the reports in the Washington Post unfounded and went on to make the following statement [49]:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

— For fiscal year 2008, the cost of one hour of F-22 flight, including only variable costs, was $19,750. While for the F-15, this figure was $17,465. USA;


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

— For the same fiscal year 2008, the total cost of one hour of the F-22 flight, including variable, fixed and other indirect costs, amounted to $44,259. While for the F-15, the same figure was $30,818. USA;


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

— rain, other atmospheric precipitation, climatic and weather conditions do not affect the performance of F-22 Raptor radar absorbing coatings in any way; the percentage of combat readiness of the F-22 Raptor from 2004 to July 2009 increased from 62 per cent to 68 per cent.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

— The average level of combat readiness of the rest of the fleet is 64.5%;


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

— The complexity of the F-22 inter-flight service is 13 hours per 1 hour of flight.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

According to plans, as of July 2009, the labor intensity was to be 19 hours per 1 hour of flight, and at the end of “growing up” it should be increased to 11 hours.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Some problems with radar protection were also reported in notes published by Air Force Magazine on July 13-20, 2009 [50] [51].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

According to the magazine, the problem was that this coating lasted half as much as it was provided.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

However, further talks about solving this problem and constantly improving the quality of the coating, which made it possible to increase the combat readiness of the F-22 to 68%.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

As for the maintenance complexity, the F-22 is not excessively high and amounts to 30 man-hours per 1 flight hour [48].


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

For comparison, the third-generation F-4 Phantom II fighter had this figure of 35 people.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

-h/h, and the F-104 Starfighter, which was considered difficult to maintain, had 50 people.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

-h/h.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Performance characteristics of the F-22


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Sources [53] [54] [55]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Technical specifications


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Wingspan: 13.56 m


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Aircraft length: 18.90 m


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Aircraft altitude: 5.09 m


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Wing area: 78.04 m²


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The square of V. A.: 16.54 m²


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The square of G. A.: 12.63 m²


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Crew: 1 person


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Weight:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

avionics: 858 kg


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Empty: 19700 kg


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Normal takeoff: 29200 kg (100% fuel)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Maximum: 38000 kg


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Load:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Normal: 1116 kg (6+2 UR)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Maximum: 10370 kg


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Fuel: 8200 kg


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

With two PTB: 11900 kg


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Wing load:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

at maximum take-off weight: 487 kg/m²


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

at normal take-off weight: 374 kg/m²


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

The percentage composition of materials in the airframe design:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Aluminum alloys: 16%


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

titanium alloys: 39%


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Composites: 24%


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

EPR: according to various sources, from 0.0001 to 0.3-0.4 m² (see below for more details)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Engine


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Engine type: 2 turbojet engines Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Static forced thrust: 2 x 156kN (15876 kgf)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Thrust-to-weight ratio:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

at normal take-off weight: 1.15


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

at maximum take-off weight: 0.88


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Flight performance


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Maximum speed: 2410 km/h — maximum (M = 2.25) [56] (in peacetime, the maximum speed is limited to M = 2, that is, 2124 km/h)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Supersonic cruising speed: 1960 km/h (M=1.82)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Cruising speed: 850 km/h (M=0.8)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Maximum speed at the ground: 1490 km/h (M=1.22)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Range:


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

with two PTB: 2960 km


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

distillation: 3220 km


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Combat radius: 760 km (of which 185.2 km in non-afterburner supersonic cruising mode)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Service ceiling: 20,000 m


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Maximum exp.


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

overload: 9.5 G (in peacetime 8G)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Takeoff length: 250-450 m


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Roll speed: 3.49 rad/s (200°/sec)


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Aircraft design life: 6000 h


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Maintenance complexity: 13 man-hours per flight hour [49] (according to other sources 30 [48])


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Avionics


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Sources [48] [57] [58] [59]


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Radar: AFAR APG-77 radar


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Detection range: 225-193 km on target with EPR = 1 m²


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Weight: 553.7 kg


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Maximum average radiated power: 16533 W


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Volume: 0.565 m³


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Cooling air consumption: 4.38 kg/min


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Coolant flow rate: 33.9 l/min


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

APAA diameter: 0.813m


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

weight: 220 kg


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Volume: 0.275 m³


Question: What speed could AMC Eagle develop?

Boeing F-22 Raptor

Power dissipation: 8278W