Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Therefore, the further release of such films was considered inappropriate, as they could only be shown at special screenings for the blind.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In the same years, the production of so-called sound films began.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

A sound film is a phonogram recorded on various media, in which the sound track of the film and the TC are mixed.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

At the initiative of Dmitry Erishirashvili, Vakhtang Momaladze, consultant to the chairman of the Presidium of the Georgian Society of the Blind Ali Gogebiridze and the Georgian branch of the Bureau of Propaganda of Soviet Cinematography The sound film “Soldier's Father” was released on gramophone records.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Central Printing Training and Production Enterprise CPUPP MGP VOS (currently Logosvos Publishing and Printing Typhloinformation Complex LLC) at the suggestion and with the direct participation of Vladislav Sergeevich Stepanov, Head of the Technological Laboratory (now General Director of the Logosvos IPTK, Vice President of the VOS), organized the release of sound films at tapes in the format of “talking” books.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The explanatory text was prepared by N. A. Trofimchenko under the guidance of blind V. S. Stepanova.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

She also acted as an announcer who read the explanatory text.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Then the sound recording of the explanatory text was superimposed on the soundtrack of the movie and a sound film was obtained.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The terms themselves (for example, “announcer”, “sound recording”) that were used in those years show that TKN cinema originated in the depths of the production of the “talking book”.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

A total of 7 sound films were released: “The Man with a Gun”, “Blue Notebook”, “Alexander Nevsky”, “They Fought for the Motherland” (2 episodes), “Balamut”.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The laboratory not only prepared original sound films, but also released their circulation for distribution to libraries for the blind in Russia.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In the mid-80s, similar work was also carried out by the Department of Informatization, Mechanization and Reproduction Equipment of the Republican Central Library for the Blind of the RSFSR.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Sound films were prepared here with the help of video equipment by the head of the department N. N. Dyachkov and senior engineer of the department N. N. Shulakov, with the participation of the senior editor of the department S. N. Vanshina.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The announcer was N. N. Dyachkov said.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Two sound films released at the RCBS have been preserved: “White Sun of the Desert” and “Three Poplars on Plyushchikha”.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

We have to admit the poor quality of these sound films.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Often, the phonogram sounded louder than the comment and scored it.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Explanations were often superimposed on the speech of the film characters.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Moreover, there were situations when the blind, despite the comment, needed to clarify the course of events on the screen.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In addition to sound films, the technological laboratory and the department of the RCLS distributed dramatic performances recorded on compact cassettes to libraries, which were broadcast on All-Union Radio.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

CPUPP IHP VOS (since 1986 it was headed by V. S. Stepanov) organized in the late 80s an independent release of sound recordings of the most popular performances of Moscow theaters.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

By agreement with the directors of theaters, specialists came to them to record the performance on a tape.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Then the TC was prepared for subsequent overlay on the phonogram.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Thus, the blind got acquainted with fashionable Moscow productions, which were impossible to get to due to the lack of tickets.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Moreover, they had the opportunity to listen to performances with appropriate explanations.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

A total of 10 such works were released.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Among them: the play “Speak” at the Yermolova Theater, “Misanthrope” by J. Moliere at the Taganka Theater, “Hurry to Do Good” by M. Roschin in Sovremennik, Dictatorship of Conscience by M. Shatrov at the Lenin Komsomol Theater and others.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The first attempt to describe several of the main techniques of TKN was made in 1989 in the book “Blind Child in the Family” **, which could be said to be a “side effect” of developing recommendations for parents on education and training of blind children.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Mothers and dads who raised a blind or visually impaired child, among other things, were advised by teachers to visit the cinema, explained how to properly prepare for going to the movies, how to comment on what was happening on screen.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Thus, parents had to act as non-professional TKR in the cinema or in front of the TV.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The proposals are brief, but very specific.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The restructuring that has come and the changed political and economic conditions have interrupted the development of TKN in our country.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

This work resumed only after a decade and a half.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The revival of TKN in Russia


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Over the years, both new needs and new technical and organizational capabilities have emerged to overcome information barriers in the interests of visually impaired people.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The problems of TKN in cinema in Russia returned only in the early 2000s.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

At this time, on the initiative of the Regional Public Organization of Disabled People “Perspektiva” (ROOI “Perspektiva”), preparatory work begins for holding the International Film Festival about the lives of people with Disability “Cinema without barriers”.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Director General of the Institute of Vocational Rehabilitation and Personnel Training of the REACOMP VOS (IPRPP VOS Reaacomp), collector, was invited to represent the interests of the blind to its organizing committee cinema, visually impaired S. N. Vanshin.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Knowing about the success of TKN in our country in the 80s, he immediately raised the issue of creating appropriate conditions for the film screenings of the festival for blind and visually impaired participants.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

It was not possible to solve this problem quickly, so the first film festival in 2002 was held without taking into account the needs of visually impaired people.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

At the suggestion of S. N. Vanshin, it was decided to prepare the TKR group for the second film festival and entrust them with TKN a number of films at the film festival.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In June 2004. For this purpose, the Reacomp Institute and the Perspektiva ROOI organized and held a three-day special seminar for this purpose for the first time in Russia.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The seminar program was compiled and led by Joel Snyder, an American audio description specialist.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

He also taught classes for three days.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The opening of the seminar was attended by specialists from the Reacomp Institute, the Logosvos Publishing Complex, the VOS Cultural and Sports Rehabilitation Complex, the Perspektiva ROOI and others.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In a concise form, the future TCR demonstrated the methods and techniques of TKN, outlined the requirements for TCR, showed typical mistakes, and revealed the secrets of TC masters.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Training of future TCR was conducted.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

As a result of the preparatory work carried out at the Second International Film Festival “Cinema without Barriers”, which took place in Moscow in November 2004, those trained at the institute were already operating” Reaacomp” TKR.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Subsequently, TKN continued at film festivals.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In September 2006, during a tourist trip to Berlin, S. N. and O. P. Vanshins met with representatives of the leadership of the German Blind Union.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The Russian guests were explained the principles of organizing TKN in Berlin and Germany.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Upon his return, the director of the IPRPP “Reaacomp” S. N. Vanshin sent on October 5, 2006 to the then head of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of Moscow I. K. Syrnikov's proposals, which raised the question of using the Berlin experience of organizing TKN.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The letter, in particular, noted that “up to five cinemas in Berlin provide shopping centers for the blind during film screenings. Up to 120 TV films have been released on DVD and are rented to the blind at home.”


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In June 2009, at the exhibition “Moscow for All”, employees of the Reacomp Institute, with the participation of specialists from the Logosvos publishing complex, demonstrated various techniques and methods of TKN.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In particular, a hot TV channel for the film “They Fought for the Motherland” was presented.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The movie could be watched on a computer monitor, and the direct comment was led by O. P. Vanshin through the microphone.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

At the same time, through the typhlo-flash player, it was possible to get acquainted with the sound film “They Fought for the Motherland”, prepared a decade and a half ago at the CPUPP IHP VOS.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In August 2009, the heads of the Reacomp Institute and the Logosvos IPTK submitted proposals to the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the City of Moscow for the deployment of the TKN system for people with disabilities eyesight.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Now a whole program has been planned to organize a new rehabilitation service for the blind — TKN in Moscow.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

An opportunity has opened up within the framework of city programs to support disabled people to deploy work in all areas of the organization of TKN.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Since 2009, the Reacomp Institute and the Logosvos IPTK have been working on a joint project to organize a TKN system in Moscow.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Directly in 2009, a three-year program was submitted to the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the City of Moscow, which included the full range of necessary measures to form a new social service — TKN in all possible areas.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The revision of the concept of supporting disabled people in Moscow at the end of 2009 led to the need to divide this project into 3 parts for inclusion in annual city programs and move on to the implementation of the project phased in 2010 and 2011.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The activities of the first two stages of the project were fully implemented, which created conditions for the transition to the practical implementation of audio description tasks.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In 2012, the work stalled: the third stage of the project did not receive support.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Therefore, the third stage of the project remains unimplemented, which mainly provided for the practical implementation of all the developments made by the Reacomp Institute and Logosvos Publishing House on the first two stages.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The full implementation of the project would make it possible to create a model and a basis for deploying audio description in Moscow and other regions of the Russian Federation.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Thus, we managed to do the following:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

S. N. Vanshin developed the concept of TKN (for the first time in the Russian Federation), which, according to the agreement, was agreed with the customer — with the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the City of Moscow.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The book “Audio description, or verbal description for the blind. Instructional and methodical manual”.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

To date, this book remains the most complete guide that covers the problems of TKN from different angles.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In the preparation of the book, except S. N. Vanshin, was attended by: Honored Worker of the VOS, awarded the badge “For Achievements in Culture” O. P. Vanshina; A. A. Bykov; cand. tech.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

sciences V. A. Usyk; Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Honored Worker of the EGM I. IN. Margiev; M. IN. Ivankova; Honored Worker of the EGM O. IN. Sergeyeva; O. E.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Kudryavtseva; S. IN. Lobanov; A. YU.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Kryuchin; M. AND. Stout.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

A program and an educational and thematic plan for the TCR training course have been developed (for the first time in the Russian Federation) by Deputy General Director for Rehabilitation and Management Training O. IN. Sergeeva with the participation of the Head of the Methodological and Information Department of the Reaacomp Institute O. E.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Kudryavtseva and Director General of the Institute S. N. Vanshina.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Tests have been selected that are designed for the preliminary selection of students of the TCR training course.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

A license for educational activities of the Reacomp Institute was issued (for the first time in the Russian Federation) — for advanced training on the basis of higher and secondary vocational education “Audio description”.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The total amount of the TCR training course is 142 hours.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

On the basis of the license obtained, 16 professional TCR were trained (for the first time in the Russian Federation)


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

As an experiment, a trial TKN of one of the TV shows at the Logosvos IPTK was made and several films with TKN were released in DVD format at the Logosvos IPTK and at the Reacomp Institute.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

All the above work was carried out within the framework of state contracts between the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the City of Moscow and the Reacomp Institute in 2010 and 2011.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Specialists of IPTK Logosvos took part in it.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The concept and creation of the book “Audio description or verbal description for the blind” was contributed by the Vice President of the EGM, General Director of the Logosvos IPTK V. S. Stepanov said.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In order to better understand what TKN is and how it is implemented, it was held on May 12 as part of the exhibition “Integration. Life. Society. 2012.” (Krasnaya Presnya, May 10-12) is a special film show for blind moviegoers, journalists, film distribution employees and the Moscow Department of Culture.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

With the kind permission of the copyright holder of Non-Stop Production, a new Russian feature film Elena directed by A. Zvyagintseva.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

At the same time, a direct TKN of the movie was conducted, which everyone could listen to through headphones.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The principles of TKN here practically did not differ from the principles of audio description in Germany, which could be found the day before at the round table.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

TKN services were also offered at the film festival about the lives of people with disabilities “Cinema without Barriers”, which was held as part of the exhibition, on May 11 and 12.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

According to incoming sketchy information, a TKN of feature films is being carried out, although not on an irregular basis, in some libraries for the blind of the Russian Federation (for example, in St. Petersburg, in the Yakut library, Kemerovo, Tatar, Bashkir, Chelyabinsk), in some local organizations of the VOS, in the KSRK VOS.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Several sound films have been prepared and released by Internet radio stations RANSIS and Radio VOS.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Such work is organized and carried out as if on a “club basis”, by enthusiasts, without appropriate training and without the involvement of professional TKR, which, of course, affects the quality of the TKN.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Nevertheless, these facts themselves show that not only abroad, but also in Russia, blind people need TKN.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Training under the “Audio description” program at the Reacomp Institute


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

At the end of 2011, a 142-hour training course was held at the NU IPRPP VOS “Reaacomp” under the “Audio Description” program (TKR) in order to train specialists in providing a new rehabilitation services to people who have a problem with obtaining visual information that helps them remove some of these barriers, satisfy their cultural, aesthetic, integration and communication and others social and personal needs [1].


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Training under the program was conducted on the basis of a valid License for Educational Activities issued by the Moscow Department of Education.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Selection for the courses was carried out in accordance with the developed criteria and qualification requirements for the TKR.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

To determine the personal characteristics and professional qualities of candidates, preliminary professional testing was carried out.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

As a result of professional testing, the student was enrolled for training under the Audio Description program.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The training was conducted in two stages: a three-day training seminar and a two-month course itself.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

During the three-day training seminar, those who passed the test got acquainted with the social, psychological and pedagogical problems of persons with visual impairment, the features of their cognitive activity and visual perception of the environment in various pathologies of vision, with history, concept, basic provisions, concepts of TCR.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

At the end of the training seminar, fifty-two students were awarded certificates.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

After that, all of them underwent additional selection to continue their studies under the Audio Description program.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The course program included lectures and mostly practical classes on the formation and development of TCR skills.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Also, the course participants got acquainted with the techniques, technical means and software of the TCR, with the basic requirements for a specialist — a professional audio commentator, with the ethics of the TCR, with methods of speech techniques, verbal description of various images, concentration of attention and observation, maintaining the productivity of the voice system, with rules that establish pronunciation norms and contributing to improving the efficiency of audio commentators.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The course was taught by the authors of the book “Audio description or verbal description for the blind” S. N. and O. P. Vanshina, employees of the Reaacomp Institute: O. IN. Sergeyeva, O. E.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Kudryavtseva, N. L. Popova, M. IN. Ivankova, A. IN. Yelagin, as well as invited specialists in the field of stage speech, in the field of speech techniques, psychology, rehabilitology.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Qualified specialists


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Specialists of the Institute have developed a regulation on the assignment of qualifications to persons who have completed a training course under the Audio Description (TKR) program.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The purpose of the regulation is to differentiate audio commentators according to their personal abilities and skills and to ensure that customers of a new social service are able to choose such specialists taking into account their potential.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Twenty people completed the training course in 2011.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

As a result of passing the final test, certificates of the established sample on awarding the qualification “Audio commentator of the highest category” were issued to five students of the course, “Audio commentator of the 1st category” to nine listeners and “Tiphlo-commentator of the II category” — six students:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Natalia Kuzmina (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Tyurina Natalya Vladimirovna (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Vera Berlinova (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Svetlana Viktorovna Vinokurova (typhlo-commentator of category I).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Svetlana Konovalova (category I typhlo-commentator).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Rodion Terekhov (typhlo-commentator of category I).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Lyubimova (Bondarenko) Marta Pavlovna (typhlo-commentator of the 1st category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Popova Natalia Leonidovna (typhlo-commentator of category I).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Eliseeva Tatyana Aleksandrovna (typhlo-commentator of category I).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Lisichenko Anastasia Yuryevna (typhlo-commentator of category I).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Ustimirova Svetlana Yuryevna (typhlo-commentator of the II category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Natalia Mikhailovna Chetaeva (typhlo-commentator of the II category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Tanzilya Khamitovna Ishmiyarova (typhlo-commentator of the II category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Feofanov Vasily Nikolaevich (typhlo-commentator of the II category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Grudinina Rimma Anatolyevna (typhlo-commentator of the II category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Tereshin Pyotr Viktorovich (typhlo-commentator of the II category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Irina Vladimirovna Bezrukova (typhlo-commentator of the highest category)


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Anna Rudolfovna Tsang (typhlo-commentator of the highest category)


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Marina Bauer (category I typhlo-commentator)


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Voskresenskaya Olga Nikolaevna (typhlo-commentator of category I)


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In 2017, with the support of the Art, Science and Sport Foundation, the third group of audio commentators was trained at the NU IPRPP VOS “Reacomp”.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The list of audio commentators has been supplemented with 12 specialists:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Maria Shcherbakova (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Maria Antonova (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Natalia Isaikina (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Khabarova Elena Sergeevna (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Elena Glazova (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Polina Zotova (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Negrutsa Ekaterina Igorevna (typhlo-commentator of the highest category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Anastasia Nikolaevna Plaunova (typhlo-commentator of category I).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Logvinova Oksana Olegovna (typhlo-commentator of category I).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Valeria Viktorovna Satler (category I typhlo-commentator).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Dmitrieva Ksenia Mikhailovna (typhlo-commentator of category I).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Isaichkina Yanina Aleksandrovna (typhlo-commentator of the 1st category).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In 2018, with the support of the Presidential Grants Fund and the Art, Science and Sport Foundation, the fourth group of audio commentators from 14 largest regions of Russia was trained at the NU IPRPP VOS Reaacomp.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The list of audio commentators has been supplemented by 19 specialists:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

What should be a typhlo-commentator


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The voice of the TKR should be clear and sonorous, the diction should be clear.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

It is especially necessary to monitor the pronunciation of word endings.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

It happens that because of the haste, the TKR “chews” words, which is unacceptable.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The vocal cords must be able to work without interruption for at least 1.5 to 2 hours.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

These features are comparable to the requirements that were imposed on professional announcers of our radio in the recent past.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

You should not get carried away by the amount of information in the comment, it is important to adhere to the harmonious combination of TC with the soundtrack of the film, ensuring that one does not prevail over the other.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The professional qualities of TCR can be reduced to 5 groups:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

observation,


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

ability to choose the most important things in the visual image and edit speech,


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

correct Russian language, conciseness of expressions,


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

use voice intonations correctly, avoid falsehood in the melody of Russian speech,


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

ability to see and interpret what they see.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Here are the main criteria by which it is possible to select applicants for the TCR profession.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Criteria for selecting audio commentators


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

(formulated by the head of the rehabilitation sector for the blind and visually impaired of the Reacomp Institute M. IN. Ivankova and the leading psychologist of the sector A. A. Bykov).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The desire to work with people with special visual perception.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Skills and skills:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

clear diction;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

purity, expressiveness of speech, richness of language;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

good literary oral speech;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

knowledge of the peculiarities of perception of the blind;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

knowledge and understanding of the principles of theatrical and cinematographic art (ability to highlight the main thing and correctly place accents in the visual range of a performance or film);


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

the ability to express their observations and thoughts briefly.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Personality traits:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

emotional and general psychological stability;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

organization;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

physical endurance;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

voice timbre that does not interfere with the perception of the text;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

well-developed logical and imaginative thinking;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

sociability;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

high concentration and shifting of attention;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

breadth of views;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

high self-control of behavior and emotions;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

good figurative and emotional memory;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

good distribution and shifting of attention;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

good voluntary visual memory;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

a large vocabulary;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

tactfulness;


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

expressed cognitive interest.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

To become a qualified TCR, you will need to undergo thorough training and special training, which is primarily related to the development of practical skills of the TKN.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

It is possible to establish in advance a person's inclinations to work TCR using simple tests.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

First of all, the applicant must determine for himself whether he wants to become a TKR, whether he is ready to work in this field, whether he is able to master such a difficult type of activity, to truly master art TKN.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

It is proposed to conduct training of TCR according to a specially developed program.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Successful completion of training must be confirmed by an appropriate document.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The TKR's workplace can be any space in which it is required to help blind viewers.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

(However, it is best if the workplace is located in a special booth, as is the case with simultaneous interpreters).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Here TKR will have a table and a comfortable chair at its disposal.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

He should make sure that he has a notebook and 1-2 ballpoint pens, a glass and drinking water (preferably not carbonated) at hand.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Local lighting aimed at the notebook is useful.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The microphone through which the TKN will be conducted should not prevent the TKR from using a notebook and pen.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The posture should be comfortable, it is important to be able to change the posture without interfering with the TKN process.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The screen, stage, arena, etc. should be clearly visible from the workplace.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The TC, if prepared in advance, will best meet the expectations of the blind.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

By preparing the text in advance, the TKR gets the opportunity to involve documents such as: the corresponding screenplay and editing sheets, the play or work on which the script is written, as well as various reference books (encyclopedic dictionary, explanatory dictionary, dictionary of foreign words, stress dictionary, etc.).


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In this case, the TKR can be verified or even recorded.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Whenever possible, it is necessary to review the material to be commented in advance.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

This will definitely help determine how and what to explain, when and what to say, understand terms, names and geographical names, mark pauses during which it is most convenient to pronounce TC.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

It is useful to conduct a timing that can help determine whether the prepared text of the TC will “pause”.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Preliminary work on the TC helps the TKR to prepare well for work, which is why it is called a prepared TC.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Criteria for evaluating audio commentary of films and videos


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Note: It is not possible to establish precise formalized criteria that simplify the assessment of the quality of TC, since many factors have to be taken into account.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Therefore, the proposed option does not pretend to be an absolute opinion and is intended to give only some rough idea of the quality of the TC.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

There is a very large spread in the quality of TC of those few films that have already become available to visually impaired people.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In order to bring to the fore films and video materials with satisfactory quality TC, in order to separate those films whose quality of TC has to be recognized as unacceptably low, it is proposed use appropriate quality assessment criteria.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Categories:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

I category (good): In general, the basic requirements for TC are met.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Category II (mediocre): TC is present, it is acceptable, but far from perfect.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Category III (unsatisfactory): There are many inconsistencies with the requirements for TC.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

When assigning a category to a film with a TC, it is necessary to take into account the presence and impact on the perception of the film as a whole


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

General disadvantages:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• Diction, speech of the TKR are vague, illegible.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In the TC there are unacceptable noises, sudden changes in volume.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• The TC overshadows the work of the actors and the film's soundtrack.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• TC is often superimposed on hero lines.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• Many scenes that require further explanation remain uncommented.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

As a result, the blind person often does not understand what is happening on the screen and is in a state of frustration.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Mistakes made during the commenting process:


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• Subtitles and captions that appear in the frame are not read out.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• Describes the obvious, which does not require explanation for the blind.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• Characters and emotional states of characters are misdescribed.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

In the comment, the description is substituted with cliches and stereotypes.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• The words parasites and phrases are often used: “we see how...”, “the camera shows...”, “on the screen...”, “in the frame...”, etc.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• When describing, verbs are used in the wrong tense, and nouns are used in incorrect cases.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

• Personal pronouns are often used when their affiliation is not obvious.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Audio description samples


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

//rehacomp.ru


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

//rehacomp.ru


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

//rehacomp.ru


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Literature


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

The definitions are quoted from the book: Vanshin S. N., Vanshina O. P. “Audio description, or verbal description for the blind”: Instruction.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

-method.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

handbook.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

/Under LS.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

ed.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Vice President of the EGM V. S. Stepanova, Cand. ped.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

sciences S. N. Vanshina.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

— MOSCOW, 2011.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

— P.6.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

“A Blind Child in a Family” (Book for Parents) /Research Institute of Defectology of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Ed.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

L. AND. Solntseva.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

— MOSCOW, 1989.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

— 57, [2] P.


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Notes


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

References


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

//rehacomp.ru


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Category:TV technology


Question: What is the name of audio description abroad?

Audio description

Category:Rehabilitation equipment


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Racket (English: The Racket) is a noir film directed by John Cromwell, released in 1951.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The film is a remake of the 1928 film of the same name, which in turn is based on Bartlett Cormack's Broadway play, which was staged in 1927-28 [1].


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The plot of the 1951 film is very close to the 1928 film, and, despite the visuals characteristic of the early 1950s, it reflects the socio-political realities of the turn of the 1920s and 1930s to a greater extent.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In a large city in the Midwest, local mafia leader Nick Scanlon (Robert Ryan) joins forces with a nationwide crime syndicate.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The mafia places its men in the police, prosecutor's office and court, which is trying to resist the state commission on combating organized crime, as well as the principled and incorruptible chief of the police of the site, Captain Tom McQuigg (Robert Mitchum).


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Despite threats, attempts and murders, McQuigg, with the help of a nightclub singer (Lizabeth Scott), manages to obtain testimony exposing Scanlon, and the state commission - to expose a number corrupt officials.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The topic of corruption in law enforcement agencies and authorities is embodied in many noir films, including “The Glass Key” (1942), “Boomerang!” (1947), Call Northside 777 (1948), Extreme Heat (1953), The Grand Ensemble (1955), Phoenix Story (1955), Naked Street (1955) and Seal of Evil (1958) [2].


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The plot


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The action takes place in an unnamed major city in the Midwest of the United States.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

At a meeting with the governor, chief investigator of the State Crime Commission Harry Craig (Les Tremaine) reports that a nationwide crime syndicate has begun operating in the city.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Craig draws the Governor's attention to the fact that Police Captain Tom McQuig (Robert Mitchum), an honest and effective police officer, has been reassigned to a new position, this time appointed Chief 7 th police station in town.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Since the criminal world feels an enemy in him, they try to push him away from serious business through their people.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

This was done by the old boss of the local mafia Nick Scanlon (Robert Ryan), who has been operating in the city for many years and calls it “his”.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Scanlon recently became part of a national crime syndicate run by a powerful but unknown man called the Old Man.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The syndicate runs illegal businesses, gambling and racketeering, earning millions of dollars.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

This money is used, among other things, for bribes, and recently managed to bribe and employ Deputy Attorney Mortimer Welsh (Ray Collins), whom they promoted to the position of a district judge.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In order to prove these accusations, Craig asks for the right to summon government officials to court to interrogate them before the election.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The governor gives the commission the right to interrogate officials and promises it his full support.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick Scanlon's waiting room gathers his henchmen, including the brutal killer Darko, who has just been released from prison.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

One of the bandits reports that a certain Higgins, favored by the Old Man, is an informer to the state crime commission.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The bandits do not want Nick to know about Higgins, as this will infuriate him, and expect that the Old Man will quietly deal with him.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

However, Nick quickly finds out from them news about Higgins, and decides to instruct Darko to deal with him.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Returning from the Governor, Craig discusses with his team members collected evidence of Higgins' corruption, including his connection with Acme.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Investigators are waiting for Higgins to visit, who will have to answer all questions that have arisen about him.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In the office of Acme, which is the legal cover for the syndicate's activities, the head of the company R. Gee.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Connolly (Don Porter) and lawyer Davis discuss the prospects for promoting his candidate Mortimer Welch to the post of district judge.


Question: Who directed Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

To Higgins, to whom the Old Man had previously promised a position of judge, Connolly explains that plans have changed.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When Higgins declares that he refuses to work with him in this case, Connolly demands that he sign a letter admitting that he received money from a company managed by the syndicate.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

At the door of Connolly's office, Higgins meets Scanlon entering there.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Connolly shows Scanlon a letter of thanks from Higgins, which should serve as a guarantee that he will not spill out, but Scanlon decides to deal with Higgins in his own way.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Connolly says that now that they are working together, the syndicate will introduce Scanlon to new, more subtle non-violent methods of working, but Scanlon is not convinced by this.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Looking out the window, Scanlon suddenly says, “Look, Higgins had an accident on the street.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Passers-by on the street turn over Higgins' body, saying that he was shot.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

At this moment, two people with weapons get into a nearby car, one of them Darko.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The car starts and leaves, but a few blocks later it is stopped for speeding by Traffic Police Johnson (William Talman).


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

After learning about the murder, Johnson goes to the police archives, where he finds the case of Darko in the file index, who was recently released on parole.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

State Attorney's Special Investigations Investigator, Sergeant Turk (William Conrad) brings Connolly Johnson's warning on Darko, and Connolly says the Old Man does not approve of the methods Scanlon's work related to unjustified violence.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The information that Johnson works at McQuig's precinct infuriates Connolly.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Connolly tried to remove McQuig from business more than once, but McQuig returned again thanks to his perfect reputation.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

And he rejects Turk's proposal to physically eliminate McQuig, as this could cause an undesirable public outcry on the eve of the elections.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In the 7th precinct, McQuig, who has just been appointed chief, is building personnel, in a short speech demanding that his subordinates fight ruthlessly against violators of the law, saying that He takes responsibility for the action.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Then Turk comes to McQuig at the station, McQuig knows him well and receives him unkindly, calling politicians a henchman.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

After the departure of Turk, McQuig temporarily releases Johnson from patrol and instructs him to join the investigation team into the murder of Higgins.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

At home, the wife tells Johnson that she is expecting a baby.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig comes to the office to Scanlon, whom he has known well since childhood.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Since then, their paths have parted ways, and McQuig has repeatedly dealt painful blows to Scanlon's criminal business, who in turn, using his influence, sought to destroy McQuig's career in every possible way, trying to get him out of his important business.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

During their conversation, nightclub singer Irene Hayes (Lizabeth Scott) breaks into Scanlon's office, saying that her fiancé is Nick's brother, Joe Scanlon (Brett King).


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick invites Joe to the office, but he does not dare to protect his bride in front of his brother.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick offers Irene to pick up all the expensive gifts that Joe gave her, but stop all contacts with him.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

After the indignant Irene leaves, Nick violently beats his brother in a furious fit, after which he leaves, slamming the door.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Left alone with McQuig again, Scanlon tells him that he provided Joe with everything — money, clothes, car, made him a gentleman, sent him to college four times, and hoped that Joe marries a girl from society, and he chose someone who doesn't know who.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Before McQuig leaves, Scanlon warns him to be more careful, as soon it will be hot in his polling station on the eve of the elections.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In the evening of the same day, when McQuig leaves his house, there is a powerful explosion near the door, destroying part of the house.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The police manage to detect the car that drove away from McQuig's house immediately after the explosion.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

During the pursuit, the car of criminals gets into an accident, while one of the bandits manages to escape, and the second is blocked in a multi-storey parking lot.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The police are identifying one of the bandits as Scanlon's man.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Arriving in time McQuig personally decides to take the criminal, driving him to the roof of the building.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

A shootout ensues between them, and then a fight, as a result of which the bandit falls down and breaks down.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig comes to Scanlon again.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Not finding it on the spot, he picks up a photo of Joe Scanlon and leaves, promising to put him in jail soon.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Arriving at the station, McQuig meets a crowd of reporters, as well as Deputy District Attorney Mortimer Welsh, who promises him all possible help.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When McQuig says he asks for help in apprehending Scanlon, Welsh replies that there is no evidence against him.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Then McQuig hints that with the help of the Old Man you can catch Scanlon, making it clear that he knows about their connection, but Welsh asks to do so after the election.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welsh says he can not intervene now, as the Old Man supports him in the struggle for a seat of judge, to which McQuig replies that the trial of Scanlon can make Welsh governor.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The police do not believe that Welsh will help McQuig find Scanlon, since Welsh is the man of the Old Man.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig calls Johnson, gives him a photo of Joe Scanlon and instructs him to go to the club where Irene Hayes plays, find Nick, who is most likely hiding there and detain him under any pretext.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Returning home, Scanlon finds out from her butler that after Irene called from the club, Joe immediately left to meet her.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In a nightclub, Johnson unexpectedly meets his former army comrade, and now aspiring reporter Dave Ames (Robert Hutton), who regularly goes to the club because he is in love with Irene.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Hiding near the dressing room, Johnson notices how Joe Scanlon and Irene go out into the courtyard of the club, and they sit in a chic Rolls-Royce.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Johnson approaches them decisively, and detains Joe for driving someone else's car without documents, and then finds him in possession of an unregistered weapon.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Johnson takes Joe to the station in a car, and Irene and Dave walk there, telling each other about their lives along the way and getting closer.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick Scanlon arrives at the club, where he learns that his brother was detained and taken to the police station, and Irene, whom he ordered to be fired, followed him on foot.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick and his henchmen go after Irene.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Seeing her with Dave, the driver of the car expresses doubts about the advisability of contacting them on the street near the station.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Then Nick hits him sharply and forces him to turn into the nearest alley, where he continues to beat him for not following his order.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

At the police station, McQuig convinces Irene to testify against Nick, but she refuses.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig then orders her to be detained as an important witness.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

To indignant questions from Dave McQuig replies that he detained both only to lure and grab Nick.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

After that, in his office, McQuig asks Dave to describe everything he sees in his newspaper with his name, in order to summon Nick.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

After McQuig left, Johnson asks to indicate his name in the article too.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In the morning after the newspaper published an article about Joe's arrest, Welsh comes to the police station, who openly declares that the Old Man, as a legal businessman, wants the whole case to be resolved quietly.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Turk appears and tells Welsh that Connolly is waiting for him in his office.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Connolly tells Welsh that while he was looking for him, McQuig arranged for Joe Scanlon to be heard by Judge Sherman, threatening Welsh that if he did not secure Joe's immediate release, he would not to participate in elections.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When Welsh asks if we need Nick Scanlon now, Scanlon himself enters the office.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When stepping on Welsh, he demands that he immediately secure the release of his brother.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Despite objections that there is evidence against Joe, in particular a gun, as well as Johnson's testimony, Nick says Johnson will not appear in court.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Next, Nick demands that Welsh accuse Irene of stealing the car and put her in jail, threatening him not only with the loss of the expected seat of a district judge, but also the current position of assistant attorney.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Soon Davis, a lawyer for Acme, delivers to the police station the ruling of a bribed judge, releasing Joe from arrest.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

However, at the direction of his leadership, Davis agrees to transfer the ruling only after Joe abdicates Irene.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

After Joe, leaving Irene, leaves the police station to freedom, furiously she agrees to testify against Nick, including talking about Higgins.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In addition to police officers, Welsh hears this, who immediately leaves.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig immediately decides to talk to Irene.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to her, Joe bragged to her yesterday that Nick ordered Higgins to be killed.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Based on this testimony, McQuig orders Joe to be detained again.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Seeing his name in the newspaper, Johnson sends his wife to consult a doctor, and takes a revolver and waits for the bandits to appear.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

However, Dave comes in, asking why McQuig doesn't let Irene out.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Johnson replies that as long as the Scanlons are caught, she will be in danger at large, and that McQuig uses Irene to lure Nick out.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

At this point, two bandits drive up to Johnson's house.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Dave opens the door for them and lets them in.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When they go into the room and get their weapons, Johnson, who hid, shoots in the back kills both bandits.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welch tells Nick on the phone that Irene has begun testifying against him.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In response, Nick demands that he lure McQuig out of the station for half an hour in any way.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Connolly offers Nick to give Irene money to keep her silent, and not to go to meet her himself, but Nick decides that he can do the job only himself.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welch invites McQuig to a nearby cafe for a cup of coffee.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Meanwhile, a colleague asks Johnson to temporarily replace him at the place of duty.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick pulls up to the station and enters the duty station just as there is no one there but Johnson.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick demands to let him see Irene, but the policeman insists that he wait for McQuig to return.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When Johnson and Scanlon guess which of them is who, a fight begins between them, during which Scanlon shoots Johnson in front of Dave who enters, then beats Dave and hides.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Arriving in time, the police lay down the wounded Johnson, meanwhile McQuig, noticing the car being carried away from the site, announces the plan “interception”.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Johnson is dying of a wound in front of McQuig.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig then visits Dave, who is gently cared for by Irene.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Soon, the cops notice Nick's car and begin to pursue.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick and the driver try to slip in front of a moving train, but they do not have time, at speed at the last moment they turn to the side, the car crashes into a wooden house and turns over.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Meanwhile, Connolly instructs Welsh to achieve the immediate release of Nick, demanding in no case to allow Nick to speak.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig tries to interrogate Dave, but Irene, defending him, says that he did not see anything.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welsh and Turk come to McQuig, demanding to drop the charges against Nick, as no one saw that he shot Johnson.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Detained Nick is brought to the police station, who, however, managed to throw away the gun, and the driver of the car Nika managed to escape.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Davis appears with a court order to release Nick on bail, which, according to McQuig, was issued even before Nick was arrested.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig takes the order and tears it apart.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick is sending Davis for Welsh.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

However, at the exit, the police grab Davis, accuse him of being drunk and resisting arrest and put him in a cell.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

After that, McQuig instructs to detain Nick on suspicion of murdering Johnson.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welsh and Turk quickly enter McQuig's office, demanding to explain how he dared to break the judge's order.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig asks me to bring Nick.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welsh tries to threaten McQuig, but he calmly retorted that it is not in Welsh's interest to fight for the interests of the murderer on the eve of the election.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Going out to the next room, McQuig receives the consent of Dave and Irene to testify against Nick.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick, meanwhile, instructs Welsh that the driver of his car take all the blame, and the case itself demands to be presented as self-defense.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When all goes down, Nick promises to buy his driver back.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig enters the room with Dave and Irene.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When asked by McQuig, Dave says he saw Nick shoot Johnson.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welsh is horrified to ask McQuig why he did not say that he had a witness.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When Welsh claims that one witness is not enough to charge the murder, news comes that the gun that killed Johnson has been found, with Nick's fingerprints.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The attendant brings a gun and leaves it on the table.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welsh asks us to leave him alone with Nick.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welsh and Turk are invited to the phone in the hallway, where they receive instructions directly from the Old Man.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When they return, they announce that the Old Man said that Nick must agree to the arrest, and after the election he will pull him out.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick is furious and threatens that if they do not get him released immediately, that he will surrender everyone.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Turk opens the window trying to get Nick to escape.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When Nick is about to jump out the window, McQuig walks into the office.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick grabs the gun he left on the table.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig is coming at Nick, demanding to give up the gun.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick shoots at him, but the gun is unloaded.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Then Turk shoots Nick, killing him on the spot while trying to escape.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

It turns out that at McQuig's instructions, the pistol was deliberately discharged, and an armed policeman was on duty outside the window.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Dave and Irene leave the station, deciding to try to be together.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Craig from the state crime commission comes to the station, presenting arrest warrants for Welsh and Turk.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig goes outside and gets into the car in which his wife is waiting for him.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Cast


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Mitchum — Captain Thomas McQuigg


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Lizabeth Scott vs. Irene Hayes


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Ryan vs. Nick Scanlon


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

William Talman — Officer Bob Johnson


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Ray Collins is D.A. Mortimer Ex.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welch


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Hutton vs. Dave Ames


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

William Conrad — Detective Sergeant Turk


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Walter Sand — Precinct Sergeant Jim Delaney


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Les Tremaine — Harry Craig, Chief Investigator of the Crime Commission


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Don Porter vs R.G.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Connolly


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Brett King vs. Joe Scanlon


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tito Vuolo — Tony, Nika's hairdresser


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Filmmakers and leading actors


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

John Cromwell worked as a theater actor and director on Broadway before moving to Hollywood in the late 1920s, where he directed a total of 49 films between 1929 and 1961.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Among them are the crime dramas of 1931 “Boulevard Newspaper” and “Vice Police”, as well as the noir films “Algeria” (1938), “Let's Pay After Death” (1947) and “In a Cage” (1950) [3].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Mitchum, Robert Ryan, and Lizabeth Scott were among the biggest stars in the film noir genre.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In particular, Mitchum played in fourteen noir films, the most successful among them were When Strangers Marry (1944), Medallion (1946), From the Past (1947), Crossfire (1947), Woman His Dreams” (1951), “Angel Face” (1952) and “Hunter's Night” (1955), and later played in remakes of the classic noirs Goodbye My Beauty (1975) and “Deep Sleep” (1978) [4].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Ryan was nominated for an Oscar for his supporting role in the noir film Crossfire (1947), in which he first met Mitcham on the set.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In total, he played in 14 noirs, the most significant of which were Act of Violence (1948), Berlin Express (1948), Setup (1949), On Dangerous Land (1951), Skirmish in the Night (1952) and Bamboo House ( 1955) [5].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Lizabeth Scott has played in 11 noir films, including Martha Ivers's Strange Love (1946), Cromwell's Pay After Death (1947), The Trap (1948), I'm Always Alone (1948), It's Too Late for Tears” (1949) and “The Dark City” (1950) [6].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Ray Collins and William Talman are best known for starring in the judicial television series Perry Mason, which ran from 1958-65.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Ray Collins also played in noir films God Judge Her (1945), Catastrophe (1946), Double Life (1947), Hours of Despair (1955) and Seal of Evil (1958) [8].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

William Talman played in the noir films Armed Robbery of an Armored Car (1950), The Travel Companion (1953), The City That Never Sleeps (1953), The Big House, USA (1955) and Prison Break (1955) [9].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Making a movie


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Racket is based on the 1928 silent film of the same name, produced by Howard Hughes, owner of RKO Radio Pictures, and directed by the then young Lewis Milestone [10].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Schwartz, the silent film of 1928 was “an ordinary old-fashioned crime film that detailed political corruption and violence in an unnamed city in the Midwest, which openly there is a criminal syndicate” [11].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The 1928 film, in turn, was based on a play by Bartlett Cormack, which was staged on Broadway in 1927-28.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Interestingly, “in the Broadway play, the main role was played by Edward G. Robinson, and the role of McQuigg was played by John Cromwell himself. The post-Broadway theatrical production took place across the country, ending in Los Angeles, where Robinson was noticed by Warner Bros., shoving him into a series of gangster films that made him a star” [10] [12].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The film “was mostly directed by John Cromwell, who was extremely familiar with the material” [12] Cromwell, who would not be quite healthy at the time, shot the bulk of the film in April-May 1951 of the year [10].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Craig Butler believes that “it is quite possible that the original script made more sense, but according to legend, Hughes insisted on its significant rework during filming and numerous changes at the post-production stage” [13].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tatara notes that “Hughes was not satisfied with the director's version of the film, after which “Cromwell (whom Ryan described as “very old and sick”) left Hollywood indignantly” [12], and “Hughes invited an experienced screenwriter W. R. Burnett added more action to the film, which looked too theatrical, and asked Nick Ray to shoot, which Ray did in June 1951 for five days. During this time, Ray directed the opening piece of the film, the scene in the police locker room, the scene of Mitcham's fight with the bandit on the roof, some glamorous close-ups of Lizabeth Scott singing in a nightclub scene, and a few other pieces that made the film more energetic, although it ends up looking like patchwork, which is what it actually is” [10].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tatara notes that Sherman Todd, editor of Sherman Todd and famous director Tay Garnett, also shot several short episodes and inserts. And after all this, one can only wonder that the picture looks completely complete” [12].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Critic rating of the film


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Overall score of the film


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The film caused rather contradictory assessments.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Many critics considered the play on which the script was staged outdated, and the production was not convincing enough, noting the strong performance of the actors who played the main roles, especially Robert Mitcham and Robert Ryan.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In particular, Variety magazine wrote that “this remake of Bartlett Cormac's old play is performed with a clear emphasis on action and suspense, and the cast emphasizes the rough rigidity of the script.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The magazine especially highlights Robert Mitcham's performance as an honest police captain and opposing gangster played by Robert Ryan, who “dominate the film with a powerful convincing game, which is of great interest.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The story itself, according to the magazine, “is revived by several strong thriller episodes, such as a fight on the roof of Mitcham with a shooter, cars leaning in high-speed turns and accidents, and shootings between the forces of good and evil” [14].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Craig Butler believes that “although the film does not manage to be as good as it could be (perhaps due to the intervention of studio boss Howard Hughes), it is still good enough as entertainment... and for this we should thank mainly its stars.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Butler, due to the well-known difficulties with production, “the film lacks harmony, leaves too many dead ends and a lack of unifying vision”, but “so far on the screen are played by Mitchum and Ryan — as well as Lizabeth Scott, who, although she plays a far-fetched and poorly written role, it is still good to have it on the team — the film remains a worthy performance” [13].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Dennis Schwartz concludes that “the film does not show enough strength to strike a powerful blow, it has mitigated everything related to the widespread corruption that has engulfed the city, and makes all the characters one-dimensional types. All it has is action scenes and a little bit of gloss.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Schwartz believes that “the original version was a more impressive film”.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

He also writes that “the film reflects the realities of the 1920s more than the 1940s, but, unfortunately, it takes place in the 1940s. This is a typical gangster movie of its era, and it is outdated and too dim” [11].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Characteristics of the film


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Film critic Bosley Crowther in The New York Times writes: “Bartlett Cormack's old play Racket was a groundbreaking exposure of gangster political influence when it was released on Broadway 24 years ago,” and now “it has been blown off the dust and equipped with modern cars and clothes.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Crowther, “the only thing that deserves attention in this modernized replay of the old show is the timeliness of its overall theme and the inevitable clash of its stars.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Crowther further notes that the main conflict between the cop and the criminal “has lost its innovative essence, given how many times it has played out on screen since the first production of Racketeering”, and, which is sad, it's not interesting.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In addition, “W. R. Burnett and William Wister Haynes are so messy towards the end that it is absolutely impossible to understand the subtleties of how, for example, a cop lures a bandit to the place of his death.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Crowther, “the conflict between Mitcham and Ryan is quite boring, characterized mainly by an exchange of clichés, and the rest of the actors also do little to give life to the events. As for the study of criminals and politics in the film, they are so general and familiar, as if this is the case when everything is played again” [15].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

TimeOut magazine notes that “the original packages promised a good movie.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In particular, “Howard Hughes was the producer of the (successful) silent version of Racketeering, which ignited Hollywood's gangster cycle. John Cromwell achieved the opportunity to stage the film thanks to his performance in the Broadway production of the play, and Mitchum plus Ryan promised a win-win power confrontation.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

But, the magazine further writes, “the Hughes RKO studio at that time was slowly fading away, Cromwell was on the gray lists of the Commission of Inquiry into Anti-American Activities, and Mitchum agreed to play a role a cop representing those damned state bodies.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Summarizing its assessment, the magazine writes that the film turned out to be “softer than it should have, but still dark enough to get lost in it” [16].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Schwartz points out that “the violence that comes from both Ryan and Mitcham seems nothing compared to the blatant and insidious violence against people's trust by those politicians who are sold to benefit themselves personally.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

He further writes that the film “only hints that the real decomposition comes from the top of the political hierarchy, from the governor and his entourage. But, unfortunately, the film does not touch on this topic, considering it as a personal battle between Ryan and Mitcham.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Schwartz notes that “in one case, Mitchum breaks the arrest warrant and in the other he sets up the suspect; Ryan, for his part, creates problems with his bosses and with society, openly killing his enemies”, concluding that “the main difference between them is that Mitchum acts dirty for the good of society and persecution of bad guys, while Ryan is fighting a dirty struggle solely to build an evil empire for himself, and he is not bothered by those to whom he hurts” [11].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Characteristics of acting


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Critics praised the acting in this film, especially highlighting the work of Robert Mitcham and Robert Ryan.


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Crowther notes that “Robert Mitchum and Robert Ryan, who play the roles of a fearless and incorruptible police captain and gangster with political intentions, are vigorously and acutely in this excellent melodrama”, playing a kind of rematch after his confrontation in the film Crossfire (1947) [15].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tatara adds that “Ryan and Mitchum throw episodes to each other like old masters of their craft; some may even think that Ryan is taking the picture for himself.”


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In his opinion, “the rather sluggish course of the narrative by the standards of the criminal genre “does not underestimate the charisma of the leading actors” [12].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

A similar opinion is shared by Butler, who wrote that “Mitchum and Ryan play an exciting game, the former uses his familiar relaxed style to create great power, and the second fills his unbridled character by good old inevitable surprises” [13].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Butler notes that “it's a little strange to see Mitcham as a cop, especially as honest and official as his character is. But this strangeness adds a subtle new nuance to the role and the film as a whole, and also helps explain the ridiculous ending when his character is satisfied with the way it turned out — despite the fact that the real fat cats remained alive and unharmed” [13].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tatara adds that “in this rather skillful police film, Mitch constantly looks like he needs a big cup of black coffee, but still burns the screen” [12].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Schwartz, the rest of the characters in the film are typical noir in nature, including the nightclub singer (Scott), who, seeing that Nick Scanlon's brother is weak to protect her, decides to put the end of the mafia even in the face of the danger it faces; a dishonest pragmatic prosecutor (Collins), who has been promised a position of judge by the mafia after the election and who is ready to sell his soul for it; corrupt Police Sergeant Turk (Conrad), who does business in a tricky way for the mafia; a young cop Johnson (Talman), tough and honest like McQuigg; and a naive aspiring reporter Ames (Hatton), who falls in love with a blonde singer [11].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Variety also emphasizes that in addition to a couple of main characters, “male attention is also provided by William Talman's strong work as an aspiring cop and a couple of Ray Collins and William Conrad in as dishonest politicians... Women's interest in the film is minimized, but Lizabeth Scott as a night singer does what she should do well” [14].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Crowther, she “rushes from edge to edge as a frightened nightclub singer, eventually falling in love with a naive reporter played by Robert Hutton” [15].


Question: Who directed Racketeering (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Notes


Question: Who was the director of Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

References


Question: Who was the director of Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

on the IMDB website


Question: Who was the director of Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

on Allmovie website


Question: Who was the director of Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

on the Turner Classic Movies website


Question: Who was the director of Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

movie trailer on Turner Classic Movies


Question: Who was the director of Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Category:Films noir


Question: Who was the director of Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Category:Films directed by John Cromwell


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

Niki (Greek; c. 475 BC —) was an Athenian statesman and military leader of the second half of the 5th century BC.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

Niki came from an insignificant family that did not have long political traditions.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

It was he who personally made efforts to become one of the leading politicians of the Athenian state.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

One of the main prerequisites for this was the wealth that Niki inherited from his father.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

Thanks to the performance of public duties, Niki became a popular politician over time.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

During the first phase of the Peloponnesian War, Niki often commanded Athenian troops as a strategist and proved to be a cautious and never defeated commander.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

At the same time, he was in favor of ending hostilities with Sparta.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

After the death of his political opponent Cleon, a supporter of war, Niki strengthened his influence and made efforts to conclude a peace treaty, which was named after him.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

Nikiev's peace did not eliminate the contradictions that led to the war, and the situation in Greece remained tense.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

In 420 BC


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

the politician Alcibiades began to rise, who advocated the resumption of hostilities.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

He was the initiator of the Sicilian expedition against Sparta and its allies.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

In 415 BC


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

a large Athenian fleet under the command of three strategists — Alcibiades, Nikia and Lamach — sailed to Sicily.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

After the departure of Alcibiades and the death of Lamach, Niki involuntarily turned out to be the sole commander of the operation, of which he was an opponent and in the success of which he did not believe.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

The main event of the expedition was the siege of Syracuse, which Niki unsuccessfully led for about two years.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

Moreover, Syracuse was on the verge of defeat for a long time, but the arrival of the Spartan detachment under the command of Gilipp turned the tide of hostilities.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

In 413 BC


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

The Athenian troops were defeated, and their commanders, Niki and Demosthenes, were executed.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

Sources


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

Nikiy's personality and work are covered in detail in the History of Thucydides, who was his contemporary.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

In this work, Niki acts as one of the main characters, due to his real significant role in the Peloponnesian War [1].


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

Thucydides tells about the main events related to Nikiy at the first stage of the war (Arkhidamov War), about his efforts to conclude peace with the Spartans, and talks in most detail about the preparation and conducting the Sicilian expedition.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

After completing the story about his activities, Nikia Thucydides gives him a general description, which is one of the most paradoxical and has repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers:


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

“Such and similar considerations were the reason for the execution of Nikius, who deserved such an unfortunate fate least of all of the Hellenes of my time, for he always followed good customs in his behavior.” [2]


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

The paradox of this characteristic is that such a high rating does not correspond to the facts cited by Thucydides himself, which indicate excessive indecision, timidity, lethargy Nikia [1].


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

Niki is also mentioned in the works of his other contemporary, comedian Aristophanes.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

In the comedy “Horsemen”, Niki is bred in the mask of one of the slaves of the old man Demos, but is not named by his own name.


Question: How many wars did Niki participate in?

Niki

He also has places where Nikia is spoken in plain text [1].