Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Several hundred people were executed by order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Republic G. Sultanova [31].


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

But among the officers were those who not only survived, but also worked in state bodies in the future.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Thus, officer Kafar Babayev, who participated in the uprising, became the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Nakhichevan ASSR [17].


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

By order of the command of the XI Red Army, control over potential hotbeds of the uprising throughout the republic was significantly strengthened.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

An order was given to seize weapons from the population, and shoot those who refused to hand them over on the spot.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Those who voluntarily surrendered weapons were awarded a reward [32].


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

In the collective memory of residents of the city, the name of the People's Commissar Sultanov, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his services in suppressing the rebellion, remained synonymous with betrayal [17].


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On June 8, the Revolutionary Military Council of the XI Red Army instructed the heads of divisions to use peaceful means to suppress the riots [33].


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

However, the armed resistance of the Soviet authorities, despite the statements of the Ganja Executive Committee about the beginning of complete Sovietization of the district and class differentiation, did not end.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Already on June 2, Ordzhonikidze told the Politburo in Moscow that Muslim peasants had rebelled throughout the territory of Ganja province.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

According to him, the population was armed to the teeth.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Despite having four divisions numbering 20,000 soldiers at his disposal, he did not consider it possible to hold Azerbaijan [17].


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Ganja rebellion of 1920 led to a chain reaction of regional uprisings throughout the republic, such as the June uprisings, in Shusha under the leadership of Nuri Pasha and in Zagatala under the leadership of Molla Hafiz Efendiyev.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Since September 1920, new waves of anti-Soviet rebellions swept the Azerbaijani regions: Cuba (together with Dagestan), Karabulag, Shamkhor and Lankaran.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Although these unrest continued until 1924, none of them surpassed Ganja in terms of strength and significance.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

memento


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

On June 9, 1920, the Ganja Uyezd Revolutionary Committee (chairman Ibrahim Aliyev) decided to rename Vorontsovskaya Street into Kanoga Street in honor of the room of the 3rd Regiment of the 20th Division, who died in this place during the suppression of the uprising [34].


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The issue of perpetuating the memory of the fallen Red Army soldiers of the 20th Infantry Division was raised before the Presidium of the All-Azerbaijan CEC and Azrevki were to allocate 100 million rubles, due to which in Ganja would erect a monument to the heroes of the XI Red Army.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

The Sovietization of Armenia and Georgia slowed down this matter.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Only on January 17, 1923, M. B.


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Kasumov ordered to give a task to draw up an estimate for the construction of the monument [35].


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Notes


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Literature


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category:Military history of Azerbaijan


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category:Anti-Soviet resistance


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category:Uprisings during the Russian Civil War


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category:1920 in Azerbaijan


Question: In what year did the Ganja rebellion take place?

Ganja rebellion (1920)

Category:May 1920


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Anna Nikitichna Mikhalkova (born May 14, 1974, Moscow) is a Russian actress, producer and TV presenter, the eldest daughter of Nikita Mikhalkov.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Biography


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Born on May 14, 1974 in Moscow in the family of Nikita Mikhalkov and Tatyana Mikhalkova.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Her father made a feature and journalistic film “Anna: from 6 to 18”, in which she has been asked the same questions for 12 years, the answers are edited with the chronicle of those years.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

After graduation, she studied art history for two years (a year in Switzerland and a year in Italy) [1].


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

She received her acting education at VGIK, during Anatoly Romashin's course.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

After graduating from VGIK, she entered the Law Faculty of MGIMO.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

His film debut was the role of Zinaida in the film adaptation of the novel “First Love” by I. S. Turgenev directed by Roman Balayan.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

This was followed by the role of Marya Antonovna in the film adaptation of N. IN. Gogol's “The Inspector General” directed by Sergei Gazarov and roles in the films “Sky in Diamonds” directed by Vasily Pichul and “The Siberian Barbiere” by Nikita Mikhalkov.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

In 2003, she played the villain Anna in a series based on the story by L. A. Charskaya's “Sibirochka” directed by Vladimir Grammatikov.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

In 2006, for the role of policeman Lyuda in Kirill Serebrennikov's film “Portraying the Victim”, she was awarded the Film Critics Award and was nominated for the Nika Award.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

The role of Katerina in the film about the Great Patriotic War “Svoi” directed by Dmitry Meskhiev was a landmark: The feeling of comfort and self-confidence came much later than I graduated from the institute.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

This happened after the movie “Svoi”.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

I figured out how to make the best use of my skills, internal and external data.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

There was a vacant, unoccupied niche that I tried to occupy.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

A large number of awards were brought to the actress by co-creation with director Avdotya Smirnova.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Their first collaboration is the melodrama “Communication”, a film about the love of a married woman and a married man who did not dare to join their destinies.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

For her performance of this role, the actress won the Golden Eagle Award.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

This was followed by the film “Cococo”, the script of which was written by Anna Parmas specifically for Anna Mikhalkova [2].


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

In 2017, the actress played one of the main roles in the medical detective story Dr. Richter, the official adaptation of the American TV series House, M.D.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Elizaveta Nikolskaya, chief physician and main deterrent force of Dr. Richter, turned out to be completely different from the character from the American series.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Director Andrey Proshkin commented on her choice of candidacy: At first I was surprised, and then, on the contrary, we somehow caught fire with this idea.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

It was her dissimilarity that seemed interesting.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

And I immediately had a feeling that they would have a good tandem with Serebryakov, as, in my opinion, it happened.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

And I am ready to shoot Mikhalkova in any role, because I am a big fan of her.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Anna Mikhalkova is actively acting in films and at the same time tries herself as a producer.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

The first independent project was Leonid Rybakov's social thriller Tell Leo about the real and virtual world.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

In 2009, Mikhalkova released the action movie “I” with director Igor Voloshin.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Later, the melodrama “Without Men” by Alisa Khmelnitskaya and Rezo Gigineishvili was released, where one of the main roles was played by her sister Nadezhda.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

In 2014, she released a children's comedy film Fedka in collaboration with Lyubov Andreeva.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

I love acting very much, but my interests in cinema are not limited to this.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

I have always had good organizational skills, and I wanted to find a use for them, for example, to help my friends realize their creative ideas.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

I am fascinated by original ideas, and I want to be involved in their implementation.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

This is a fascinating process for me.


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Since March 2002, he has been hosting the children's program “Good Night Kids” [1] [2].


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

In 2003, she became one of the founders and producer of the White Square Cinematography Award, which is awarded annually by the Guild of Cinematographers of Russia for the best cinematography in feature films feature films [3].


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Personal life


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Her husband is Albert Bakov (b. 1962), entrepreneur [4] [5].


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Children — Andrey Bakov (b. 2000), Sergey Bakov (b. 2001) [6], Lidia Bakova (b. 2013) [7]


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Filmography


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Actress


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Producer


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2008 — Say Leo


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2007 — People of Stone


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2009 — ME


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2010 — No Men


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2014 — Fedka


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2018 — Lost place


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Awards and nominations


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2006 — Film Award “” — Best Actress in a Film (“Communication”)


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2007 — White Elephant Award of the Guild of Film Critics and Film Critics of Russia — Best Supporting Actress (Playing the Victim) [8] [9]


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2007 — Nominated for the Nika Award for Best Supporting Actress (“Playing the Victim”)


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2008 — White Elephant Award of the Guild of Film Critics and Film Critics of Russia — Best Supporting Actress (Live and Remember) [10]


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2009 — Nika Film Award — Best Supporting Actress (Live and Remember)


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2009 — White Elephant Award of the Guild of Film Critics and Film Critics of Russia — Best Supporting Actress (Crazy Help) [11]


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2010 — Nika Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress (Crazy Help)


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2012 — 23rd Kinotavr Open Russian Film Festival — Best Actress Award (Kokoko), (together with Yana Troyanova)


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2012 — XX Honfleur Russian Film Festival — Best Actress Award — Anna Mikhalkova and Yana Troyanova (Kokoko) [12].


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2013 — Golden Eagle Film Award — Best Actress in a Film (“Love with an Accent”)


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2013 — Nominated for the Nika Award for Best Actress (Cococo).


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2018 - Best Actress Award at the Series Mania Festival (Ordinary Woman) [13]


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

2019 — Golden Eagle Award for Best Actress on Television (Ordinary Woman TV Series)


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

See also


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Notes


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

References


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

on IMDb


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Unknown parameter |date= ignored (help)


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Anna Nikitichna


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Category:Nika Award winners


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Category:Graduates of VGIK


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Category:Good night kids hosts


Question: Who played the lead female role in Inhabited Ostrov?

Anna Mikhalkova

Category:Academicians of the National Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Russia


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle of Bull Run (English: First Battle of Bull Run), as well as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major land battle of the American Civil War.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It took place on July 21, 1861 near Manassas, Virginia.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Federal Army, under General Irwin McDowell, attacked the Confederate army under the command of Generals Johnston and Beauregard, but was stopped and then turned to flight.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Federal Army aimed to seize an important transport hub, Manassas, and Beauregard's army took up the defense at the turn of the small Bull Run River.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Federal Commander-in-Chief Irwin McDowell spent two days reconnaissance, and during this time, Shenandoah's army under Johnston's command came to Beauregard's aid.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On July 21, McDowell sent three divisions bypassing the enemy's left flank; they managed to attack and repel several Confederate brigades, after which McDowell suspended the offensive.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

A few hours later, he sent two artillery batteries and several infantry regiments forward, but the Southerners met them on Henry Hill and repulsed all attacks.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The federal army lost 11 guns in these battles, and, hoping to recapture them, the command sent regiment after regiment into battle until all reserves were exhausted.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Meanwhile, fresh brigades of the army of the South approached the battlefield and forced the last reserve of the northerners, the Howard Brigade, to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Howard's retreat initiated a general withdrawal of the entire federal army, which turned into an indiscriminate flight.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Southerners were able to allocate only a few regiments for pursuit, so they did not manage to deal significant damage to the enemy.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Preparation


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By the beginning of the summer of 1861 (the first year of the Civil War), the Confederacy was tasked with defending Northern Virginia.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This implied the need to keep the army on the Washington-Richmond route and in the Shenandoah Valley.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The army of the South was too small to hold both fronts, so much hope was placed on the Manassas Railway, which allowed forces to be transferred from the Shenandoah Valley to the east or to the opposite direction, depending on the situation.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The weak point of this road was Manassas Station, which was only 30 miles from Washington.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was obvious that the federal army would first try to capture Manassas, “the most important strategic point in Virginia,” according to one ordinary South Carolina.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By early July 1861, many believed that the first and probably last battle of this war would take place at Manassas [1].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Back in May, Major General Robert Lee, Commander-in-Chief of the Virginia Armed Forces, ordered Manassas to be held at all costs.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He believed that it was worth building a fortified line at the turn of the Bull Run River, and promised to send tools for this [2].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

To defend Manassas, the Confederation used its largest army, the Potomac army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The station itself was surrounded by earthen fortifications.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Bull Run River, which flowed three miles from Manassas, was a natural obstacle — it was narrow and no more than a meter deep, but its steep banks were extremely convenient for defense.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Southerners fortified all Bull Run crossings 8 miles from Warrenton Road to Union Mill Ford.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Numerous pickets were held on the approaches to the river.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Communication between the pickets and individual units of the army was provided by a flag alarm, which was in charge of Captain Edward Alexander [3].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

To the west, in the Shenandoah Valley, stood a small Shenandoah army commanded by Joseph Johnston.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He was older than Beauregard in rank and was a more experienced commander, but inferior in popularity to Beauregard.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His task was to deter the offensive of the federal detachment under the command of Robert Patterson, and, if necessary, to come to the aid of Beauregard's army [4].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

To attack Richmond, the Federal Command assembled the largest army in US history, numbering 35,000 men.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This army was led by Brigadier General Irwin McDowell, who was promoted to this rank directly from the majors.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He immediately found himself in a difficult situation: society and government demanded an immediate attack on Richmond, but the commander understood that the army was not ready for this.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Privates did not undergo the most basic training, and even officers of the regular army did not have experience in maneuvering brigades and divisions.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, many regiments were recruited for 90 days of service and their service expired in late July and early August.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The command demanded to launch an offensive under any circumstances.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“You're green, it's true,” General Scott told McDowell, “but they're green too” [5].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On June 29, 1861, at a cabinet meeting in the White House, McDowell outlined his plan of action.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He called Manassas the main target of his offensive.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

According to the plan, it was supposed to attack, then bypass the enemy's position from the east and cut it off from Richmond, than force it to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was a smart plan, but Lincoln and Scott were not enthusiastic about it.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They believed that winning a major battle would help end the war faster [6] [7].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell's army marched to Manassas on the evening of July 16, moving in three columns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On the right flank, Tyler's division entered Vienna in the evening, Hunter and Miles reached Annandale in the center of the division, and on the left flank, Heinzelman's division reached the Pochick Creek River.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On July 17, the offensive went slower; McDowell expected to meet enemy outposts at Fairfax and moved cautiously, with frequent stops.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At about noon, the Northerners entered Fairfax, but found only an abandoned enemy camp there.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By the end of the day, Tyler's division had only advanced 5 miles beyond Fairfax.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On July 18, McDowell planned to begin his detour maneuver: Tyler's division was supposed to divert attention from Centerville, and Heinzelman's division was supposed to be sent across the Okokun River bypassing the right Beauregard's flank.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At about noon on July 18, McDowell arrived at Sangster Station for reconnaissance and almost immediately realized that there were no suitable roads there and the terrain was inconvenient for the offensive.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This forced him to completely change plans and develop a new offensive plan [8].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard knew about the Northerners offensive from the very beginning thanks to his spies.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He deployed an army at the turn of the Bull Run River, advancing the Bonham Brigade to Centerville and the Ewell Brigade to Sangster.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

When the enemy appeared, both brigades retreated to the main line of defense, destroying bridges and blocking roads along the way.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hennessy wrote that at all seven crossings between Centerville and Manassas, Beauregard ordered the construction of earth fortifications, the first in the history of that war.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Historian Earl Hess wrote that powerful bull-run fortifications with camouflaged batteries and mined bridges and roads are nothing more than rumors that circulated in the federal army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard built several fortifications near Fairfax, but did not strengthen the Bull Run coast, because he was not going to defend at this line [9] [10].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard believed that the Northerners would advance directly on the Centerville-Manassas road and would go to the Mitchell Ford crossing, where they would launch an attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Therefore, he deployed his strongest detachment, the South Carolina Bonham Brigade, and two batteries on this site.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was assumed that Bonham would hold the defense, while the rest of the brigades would cross the river and attack the northerners from the flanks.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Realizing that his strength may not be enough, Beauregard requested reinforcements from President Jefferson on July 17.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The latter ordered the 8th Virginia Regiment from Leesburg, two Holmes regiments from Fredericksburg, as well as the Hampton Legion and the 6th North Carolina Regiment from Richmond to Manassas.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In addition, he wrote to General Johnston to strengthen Beauregard if he could break away from Patterson (English: if you can get away from Patterson) [11].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Forces of the parties


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The forces of the South consisted of the Army of the Potomac Beauregard, 21,883 men (7 brigades), and the Shenandoah Army, approximately 8,884 men (4 brigades).


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Federal Army of Northeast Virginia numbered 30,594 men and was reduced to five divisions [12].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The federal army had 47 guns of various types and calibers.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They were combined into 10 companies: nine companies of regular artillery and one company of the Rhode Island militia.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

These were: 16 three-inch Parrot rifled guns, two 3.67-inch Parrots, one 4.2-inch Parrot, four 4.62-inch 1841 field guns, eight field howitzers caliber 4.62 inches and twelve James 3-inch rifled guns [13].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Southerners had 53 guns, grouped into twelve units.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

All these units were formed from artillery of the state militias.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

These were: 40 guns of the 1841 model of the year caliber 3.67 inches, 9 rifled guns of caliber 3 inches, 4 field howitzers caliber 4.62 inches [13].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Federal artillery was inferior in number to the Confederal artillery, but had an advantage in range: 51% of federal guns were rifled against 18% in the armies of the South.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Although the Northerners could fire mainly 3-inch shells, their guns hit 1500-2,000 meters, while the 6-pound guns of the South hit only 1,000 meters.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Thus, the federal army had an advantage while dueling at long distances, but in short southerners gained an advantage due to a larger caliber [13].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Blackburns-Ford


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On July 18, at 09:00, the Federal Army's Vanguard Division (Tyler's Division) entered Centerville.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Its commander was ordered to explore the roads near Centerville, pretend to attack Manassas, but not start battles.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Tyler, however, decided to conduct a reconnaissance mission.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On his order, General Richardson sent a battalion to the crossing, which engaged in a shootout with the Southerners (Longstreet Brigade).


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This clash prevented Tyler from assessing the enemy's position, and he ordered Richardson to move his entire brigade into battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This attack was repulsed and Richardson was ready to attack again, but Tyler ordered him to withdraw from the fight.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell arrived in Centerville after the end of the fight.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He did not attach much importance to this shootout, although he feared that it would make a bad impression on the army [14].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The events at Blackburns-Ford forced Beauregard to reconsider his attitude to earth fortifications.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He ordered to strengthen all crossings, and on July 19, the southerners began excavation work [2].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The failure of Blackburns-Ford showed McDowell that the enemy's positions along the Bull Run are strong and it is unwise to storm them from the front.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His original plan was to bypass the right flank of the enemy, but after studying the area, McDowell realized that there were no suitable roads for such a maneuver.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He decided to change his plan and bypass the left flank of Beauregard.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He instructed the chief engineer of the army to find suitable crossings and roads.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After spending two days identifying roads and crossings on July 19 and 20, Barnard learned about the existence of two convenient crossings - Sadley Ford and Poplar Ford, although he could not study them personally.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On the afternoon of July 20, McDowell decided that his plan was quite realistic and scheduled an offensive the next morning.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

These days, the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment and one artillery battery left the ranks of the federal army (the soldiers had expired their contract) [15].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard plan


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

General Beauregard was encouraged by the success, but, to his displeasure, the Battle of Blackburns Ford took place too early and the situation did not allow him to launch a counteroffensive.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He, however, hoped that after the arrival of Johnston's army he would be able to defeat McDowell.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

According to his plan, Johnston's army was to advance from the west, pass the Eldy Gap Gorge and attack the right flank of the enemy.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard attacks from the front at the same time.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The plan was handed over to Johnston, but Johnston disapproved of it.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On July 18, at 03:00, Johnston received an order to connect with Beauregard and on the morning of July 19 began to transfer troops using the railway.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Thomas Jackson's team was the first to be sent.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson came to Beauregard's headquarters on the evening of July 19, as Beauregard was just outlining his offensive plan to his subordinates.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson's appearance surprised Beauregard — he was sure that Johnston was marching into the flank of McDowell [16].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Johnston arrived at headquarters on the afternoon of July 20 and, as a senior in rank, took command of units on the battlefield.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His appearance completely frustrated Beauregard's plans, who was forced to return to one of his earlier plans, July 8.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This plan involved an attack on Centerville to cut off the enemy from Washington.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Johnston knew that the battle should start as early as possible, so he approved Beauregard's plan.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He instructed him to draw up all the orders, and went to bed for the first time in a few days [17].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell plan


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On the afternoon of July 20, McDowell developed the final plan for the battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He intended to tie the enemy from the front as part of the army, and send a third of all forces bypassing the Sadley-Ford crossing to go to the flank of Beauregard's army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He also decided to send a detachment west along the Warrenton Road to dismantle the railway track in Gainesville.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell's early plans did not imply such sabotage.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He was sure that Patterson's army would link Johnston in the Shenandoah Valley.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell did not explain the reasons for his decision, but it is very likely that by July 20, he began to suspect that Patterson had failed the task.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Both McDowell and his generals heard the sound of the train passing, and there were rumors that Johnston had already joined Beauregard.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell even reported this to Washington.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Subsequently, he accused Patterson of the unsuccessful outcome of the Battle of Bull Run, but in fact Johnston's arrival did not come as a surprise to him.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He initially expected that his army was approximately equal in size to the enemy's army [18].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At 20:00, McDowell gathered divisional commanders at the headquarters and outlined to them the task.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Richardson's brigade, supported by another brigade, needed to demonstrate at the Mitchell Ford and Blackburns-Ford crossings.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Tyler's division was supposed to march along the Warrenton Road to the Stone Bridge and also begin a demonstration there.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hunter and Heinzelman divisions, numbering 13,000 men, carried the brunt of the blow: following Tyler, they were to turn to Sadley Ford.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hunter's division must cross Sadley-Ford, turn south, push a possible enemy away from the Poplar Ford crossing, and allow Heinzelman's division to cross Bull Run at this point.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Then the two divisions must advance together (Heinzelman on the left and Hunter on the right) to the Warrenton Road, push the enemy away from the Stone Bridge and allow Tyler's divisions to cross [19].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell could not predict further events.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He assumed that Beauregard, flanked, would retreat or attack his army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell's orders did not imply a further offensive, they did not contain the words “attack” or “assault”.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In this way, McDowell's plan was fundamentally different from Beauregard's plan, which expected to attack Centerville [20].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Battle


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Federal Army began preparations for an offensive on the night of July 21, “the last night of a bloodless war,” as Hennessy put it.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At 02:03, Tyler's division (Schenk and Sherman Brigades) lined up on the Warrenton Road and began marching towards the Stone Bridge over Bull Run.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Since all the units advancing that morning used the same road, the pace of the advance of all other units depended on the speed of Tyler's march.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, he was detained by a narrow bridge over the Kab-Ran stream.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was especially difficult to transport heavy guns (up to three tons).


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In total, it took the Schenk and Sherman brigades an hour and a half to pass the bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Tyler assumed that the entire space between Cub Run and Bull Run was occupied by the enemy, so he moved slowly and with caution.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

As a result, the distance of 2.5 kilometers to the Kamenny Bridge was covered in three hours [21].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

All this time, Hunter and Heinzelman divisions stood on the road, waiting for the way to the beginning of the road to Sadley Ford to be cleared.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was not until 05:30, when Tyler passed the Cub Run bridge, that the other divisions began their march, but they also had to stay, crossing Cub Run.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After reaching Spindle's house, the column turned right onto the farm road leading to Sadley Ford.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This road was narrow, which also slowed down the pace of the offensive.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The first in the column was the 2nd Rhode Island Regiment, followed by the Reynolds Battery, then the 1st Rhode Island Regiments, the 2nd New Hampshire and the 71st New York Regiments.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Colonel Burnside led the column, accompanied by the Governor of Rhode Island, who even wore the uniform of the 1st Rhode Island Regiment.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Burnside Brigade was followed by the Porter Brigade, then the entire Heinzelman Division.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In total, there were 13,000 people in the bypass column with twenty guns [22].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell's plan required Tyler to attract attention near the Stone Bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Tyler was only an hour late for the bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He decided not to repeat the mistakes of the Battle of Blackburns-Ford and carefully placed his forces in position before the outbreak of hostilities.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Sherman personally conducted a reconnaissance and was surprised not to find fortifications and serious enemy forces on the opposite bank of the river.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He noticed a few people, a lot of fallen trees, but nothing more.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Meanwhile, Tyler brought artillery to the position, in particular, the 30-pound Parrot.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was installed right on the road a few hundred meters from the bridge, and around 06:00 a volley of explosive projectile was fired towards Van Pelt's house at a height across the river.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After this historic “first volley”, several more were fired, but they did not bring any visible result [23].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The position behind the bridge among the southerners was occupied by the brigade of Nathan Evans, which consisted of only two regiments.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Evans learned about the enemy's advance at three o'clock in the morning, and at 04:00 his pickets fired the first shots at the northerners.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Evans then ordered his regiments to occupy the battle line: Colonel Sloan's 4th South Carolina Infantry Regiment turned to the right of the road, and the Louisiana Battalion - to the left.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Captain Davidson's two guns stood 600 meters from the bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Realizing that the balance of power was not in his favor, Evans hid his regiments in the forest and tried not to respond to enemy shots as much as possible [24].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Without achieving any reaction from the enemy, Tyler ordered Shank to push three regiments forward.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In response, Evans pushed four companies of the 4th South Carolina Regiment forward, deploying two companies on each side of the bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

One Louisiana company stood to the left.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The rest of the companies were 200 meters behind.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Having become closer, the opponents engaged in a shootout, which lasted for two hours [25].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Private Briesel later recalled:


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At dawn, I noticed two enemy scouts descending the hill through the bearded man's thickets.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They held guns on their shoulders and, although they were walking in our direction, they did not see us, because all their attention was focused on the Kamenny Bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Press Cowan and I... went to the fence at the edge of the field, 40 feet off the coast of Bull Run.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The scouts came in until they were a hundred yards away from us.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

I put my gun on the fence and took aim.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

And then Press Cowan, who was one step behind me, shot.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This was the first musket shot at the Battle of Manassas.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was made by Press Kovan, a private of Company J, the 4th South Carolina Infantry.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was 200 yards below Stone Bridge and 40 feet off the coast of Bull Run, on the Centerville side, around 06:00 a.m.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This shootout, like the fire of the gun, was heard by Israel Richardson at Blackburns-Ford, and it was a signal to action for him.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Taught by the experience of the Battle of Blackburns-Ford, Richardson acted carefully: he deployed 6 guns of Major Henry Hunt, set up cover (1st Massachusetts and 3rd Michigan regiments) and covered the flanks skirmishers [25].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Pierre Beauregard decided that the best response to the Feds offensive would be a right-wing attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Joseph Johnston, in principle, did not mind, but decided to strengthen the left flank and at 07:00 sent Brigades B, Bartow, Jackson and the South Carolina regiment (Hampton Legion) to help Evans.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Six guns were sent together with the brigades.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At the same time, around 07:00, an order was given to start the offensive of the brigades of the right flank.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After that, Beauregard and Johnston left headquarters at McLean's house and went to the hill near Mitchell Ford to see the results of their offensive.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In accordance with the order received, Longstreet led his brigade through Blackburn-Ford and engaged in a shootout with Richardson's regiments.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

David Jones's brigade also crossed the river.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The general offensive was supposed to begin with the offensive of the Ewell Brigade, but Beauregard's order for an unknown reason was not delivered to him, and he remained in his position [26].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Communication between Beauregard's brigades was carried out through signal stations.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

One was located in Van Pelt's house, at Evans headquarters, the other near McLean Farm and Wilcoxen Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

That morning, the stations were commanded by Captain Porter Alexander, who was told by Beauregard to be at the station at Wilcoxen Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At about 08:45, while receiving a flag signal from Van Pelt Station, Alexander noticed a glare of light in the distance behind the station.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“Looking closely, I realized that this morning sun was reflected in the bronze barrel of the gun,” he recalled later.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After studying the area across the river more carefully, the captain soon noticed columns of infantry and artillery carts.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He immediately sent a flag message to Evans through the intermediate signal station at McLean-Ford: “Watch your left flank. You are being bypassed.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This message was the first flag signal in the history of military affairs transmitted in combat conditions.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Alexander then sent a message with a courier to General Beauregard: “I see units crossing the Bull Run two miles above the Stone Bridge. The head of the column is in the woods on this side. The tail of the column in the woods on the other side. Half a mile of its length can be seen in open terrain. Infantry and artillery are visible” [27] [26].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Battle for Matthews Hill


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Alexander's report came at the same time as the report from the pickets near Sadley Ford.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Evans realized that he needed to step back from the bridge quickly and secretly.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This was not difficult, as his infantry was still hidden in the bush.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Evans left in position the already unmasked 4 companies, about two hundred people, and sent the remaining 900 people to intercept the enemy column to the Pittsylvania farm.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The withdrawal went unnoticed, and Tyler did not know for several hours that the Stone Bridge was left unguarded.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Evans assumed that the enemy would walk along the right bank of the river to reach its flank at the Stone Bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, he was wrong: the federal column headed strictly south, along the Sadley Road leading from Sadley to Manassas, which would lead them past the left flank of Evans to the Warrenton Road.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Evans ordered a change of position: the Louisiana moved to the left, to the hill near Edgar Matthews farm.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

South Carolina 4th followed them and stood to the left of the Louisiana, leaning his left flank on Sadley Road.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Davidson's two guns stood behind the infantry line, at Buck Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

There were incidents: South Carolinans mistakenly fired several shots at the Louisiana, who opened fire in response.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, at 09:30, Evans's brigade was fully ready for battle and waited for the enemy to approach [28].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Evans' position was somewhat unusual.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Matthews Hill is a gentle height that is quite suitable for defense.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, Evans did not occupy the top of the hill, but was located on its southern slope, about 150 meters from the top.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Evans' motives are unknown; he probably hoped that the meeting with his squad would come as a surprise to the enemy.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, by doing so, he gave the enemy the top of the hill, which was 10 meters higher than his position [29].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At this time, General B's brigade came to neighboring Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He immediately knew that this was where the battle would soon begin, and ordered John Imboden to deploy his guns on the northern slope of Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

B also brought his regiments here: 4th Alamaba, 11th Mississippi, 7th and 8th Georgia [30] [31].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hunter's vanguard division reached Sadley Ford at 09:00, 4 hours behind schedule.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Burnside Brigade was the first to cross the river and moved south along Sadley Road.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

William Everell and Emiel Whipple overtook the column and from a high place saw Evans infantry going to intercept them.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hunter ordered Burnside to deploy 5 companies into the rifle chain and advance.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Governor Spragg went with the advance convoy.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After walking one and a half kilometers of forest, the column entered the open area, from where a gentle ascent to Matthews Hill began.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Up the slope was Evans' rifle chain.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Southerners fired several shots at the enemy and retreated.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Burnside deployed the entire 2nd Rhode Island Infantry Regiment into the battle line and commanded “Forward!”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The infantrymen threw off their schoolbags and blankets and ran to the top of the hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

As soon as they reached the top, Evans' regiments fired a volley at them.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Rhode Islanders withstood it and returned fire from a distance of 150 meters.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Captain Reynolds's artillery battery came up behind - James's six bronze rifled guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Burnside, following Napoleonic tactics, ordered the guns to take a position on the same line with the infantry [32] [33].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

A fierce exchange of fire broke out, and both sides suffered their first casualties.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The commander of the Rhode Island Regiment, Colonel John Slokam, was killed.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The projectile tore off Major Ballow's leg.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Divisional commander Hunter was also wounded in the neck.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He went to the rear, meeting Burnside on the way, to whom he said, “Burnside, I'm handing over the matter to you. Slokam and his regiment are confidently advancing and driving these bastards away.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This can be understood as transferring command to Burnside, but historian Don Johnson writes that Porter took command.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hennessy writes that after Hunter's injury, Burnside and Porter were each engaged in their brigade [34] [35].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At this point, the Rhode Island Regiment had been fighting alone for half an hour.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The rest of the brigade's regiments were in the rear.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Andrew Porter's brigade was ordered by Hunter (even before he was wounded) to help the Rhode Islands, but Porter misunderstood the order and also deployed the brigade in the rear.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Having understood the situation, Burnside sent two additional regiments into battle: the 71st New York and the 2nd New Hampshire, but the 2nd went in the wrong direction, and the 71st maneuvered so clumsily that Burnside left them and sent 1st Rhode Island into battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The New Hampshires were ordered to lie on the ground, the 1st passed through them and went to the left flank of the 2nd Rhode Island [34].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Sometime after 10:00, Major Whit thought he had discovered a weak point in the enemy line, and he threw his Louisiana battalion, 400 men, into an attack on the Reynolds guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They managed to approach 20 meters to the battery, shoot many gunners and horses, but were stopped, and then began to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

While retreating, they did not return to their previous position to the right of the South Carolina Regiment, but retreated beyond Sadley Road, where they took refuge behind the buildings of Dogan's farm.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Evans' right flank shortened dangerously, and he went to Henry Hill to seek help.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

General B saw the disadvantage of Evans' position and advised him to retreat to Henry's Hill, but Evans categorically refused.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

B lost; at 10:15am, he led the 4th Alabama Infantry Regiment (Colonel Egbert Jones) to Matthews Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They crossed the Young Branch, the Warrensburg Road, reached the right flank of the 4th South Carolina and, under the cover of the forest, turned into the battle line, then approached the enemy 100 meters and opened fire [36] [13].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Then B decided to put the other three regiments into operation.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He put the 2nd Mississippi between the 4th South Carolina and Alabama, the 7th Georgia put to the right of Alabama, and the 8th Georgia on the right flank, hoping that he would be able to flank to the enemy.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, the federal front lengthened as Burnside brought all the regiments of his brigade into battle, and the general front of the battle stretched for 700 meters.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Nevertheless, Burnside felt that his flank was in danger, and asked Porter's Brigade, which was being built to the right, for a battalion of regular infantry to strengthen the flank.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The battalion was sent, but did not flank, as Burnside wanted, but at the Reynolds battery [37].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At this time, the federal batteries of Reynolds and Griffin were engaged in a fierce shootout.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Griffin moved four of his guns to a position near John Dogan's house and fired from there.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Imboden later recalled, “... it's no exaggeration to say that hundreds of shells from these five rifled guns [Reynolds batteries] exploded around my battery that day, but exploded so deep in the ground, that the shrapnel didn't come out. After the battle, the land looked as if pigs had dug it all up” [38].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Porter's Brigade was being built behind Griffin's battery.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Seeing her, Chatham Whit again threw his battalion into the attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

According to some reports, the Louisiana abandoned their rifles and attacked only with Bowie knives in their hands.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Whit was critically wounded during the attack and was taken to the rear.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The doctor said that his wound was fatal, to which Whit replied that he did not feel dying.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The doctor said that the history of medicine does not record cases of recovery from such an injury.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Whit replied, “Okay, then write down my case in the history of medicine” [38].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At this time, the first brigades of Tyler's division began to approach from the east.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Tyler was ordered to attack when the Southerners were spotted on Matthews Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Sherman's brigade (3,400 people) crossed Bull Run, meeting no resistance, reached a height near the farm of Pittsylvania and saw ahead the right flank of enemy positions.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Here, the commander of 69th New York, Lieutenant Colonel Haggerty, rushed to catch up with a small detachment of southerners and was shot by them.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The arrival of the Sherman Brigade immediately made Evans' position hopeless.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Porter's brigade was already threatening his left flank, and Evans could only retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By his order, the regiments began to withdraw.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 4th Alabama was the last to leave the position, losing Colonel Jones wounded [39].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Burnside's brigade was exhausted by battle and not ready for pursuit, only a battalion of regulars rushed forward and captured Colonel Jones.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Now McDowell had 18,000 men in position, and the enemy army seemed to be retreating in disarray.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“Victory! The day is ours!” McDowell announced.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was 11:30, and at that moment many northerners thought that the battle was won and the war was over.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Now McDowell had to decide what to do next [40] [41].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Calm


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The command of the army of the South did not yet know anything about the position of its left flank.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Johnston and Beauregard were on a hill at the Mitchell Ford crossing, waiting for the results of the offensive on.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They received Alexander's message of the offensive of the flank column, but they hoped that their attack would outstrip the federal offensive.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At 10:30, it turned out that the offensive order had not been delivered to its destination for some reason and that Ewell's brigade had not yet moved.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At 11:00, the cannonade on the left flank intensified, and the pickets reported that the feds were building rubble at Blackburns-Ford and Mitchell Ford and, therefore, did not plan an attack from this side.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Realizing that the most important thing was happening on the left flank, Johnston and Beauregard went there [42].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By the time the command arrived on Henry Hill, this height was held only by the Imboden battery.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Imboden received General B's order to hold the position at all costs and had been carrying out this order for about an hour.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At 11:00, the Wade Hampton regiment, which stood at a height near Portici Farm, was ordered to move forward and help the retreating.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He led the regiment to Robinson's house, descended into the lowland of Young Branch Creek, and, under fire from Ricketts-Griffin guns, took a position along the Warrenton Road [43] [44].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hampton's appearance coincided with the first uncertain attempt by the Northerners to begin persecution.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By this time, almost the entire Evans Brigade had gone to Henry Hill, but separate units of southerners still remained between Young Branch Creek and Matthews Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

When the 27th New York Infantry Regiment entered the battlefield, it was ordered to advance in the direction of the Stone House and the Imboden Battery.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Colonel Henry Slocum led the regiment forward along Sadley Road, while the remnants of Evans's men (4th Alabama and 2nd Mississippi) retreated beyond Young Branch and took up positions along the stream, below slope relative to the Imboden battery.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Using the stream bed as an earthen fortification, they opened fire on Slocam's regiment.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

A fierce exchange of fire ensued.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hampton lost his horse, Lieutenant Colonel Johnson was killed, but the Southerners held their position, and Slokam ordered to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He was also wounded during the retreat. [45]


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

While McDowell was wondering whether to continue the offensive, Colonel William Everell began to act, taking command of the Porter Brigade.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Realizing that the Southerners could gain a foothold on Henry's Hill, he decided to recapture this position and sent on the offensive the 8th New York Militia Regiment and the 14th New York Militia Regiment, also known as the 14th Brooklyn.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Both regiments quickly reached the Warrenton Road, but then the 8th got involved in a shootout with the Hampton regiment, lost order and was out of battle forever.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 14th came under fire from friends and foes and immediately moved back to Dogan Ridge Hill [46].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Hampton regiment held its position for almost an hour, allowing the command to restore at least some order in the retreating units and giving Jackson's brigade time to reach Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Thomas Jonathan Jackson originally stood with his crew at Mitchell Ford.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

When Brigade B was sent to strengthen Evans, Jackson was ordered to take a position at Lewis Ford.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Arriving there at 11:00, Jackson decided that he was more needed elsewhere, and personally sent his team (2,600 people) to Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 5th Virginia Infantry Regiment was at the forefront.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Reaching the southeastern edge of Henry's Farm field, the brigade turned on the edge of a hill 400 meters from Henry's house.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This is where Jackson was met by General B.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“General, they're pushing us out,” he said.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson replied, “Sir, we'll give them bayonets” [47] [48].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After the retreat of the Southerners from Matthews Hill, the Imboden battery was almost without cover and almost used up ammunition.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Imboden ordered the battery to be rolled up and moved away, while one gun was destroyed by a shell hit.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Retreating to the lines of Jackson's Brigade, Imboden said, “Damn it, General, I had to leave the position for lack of cover!” Jackson replied, “I'll cover your battery. Get up right here.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Imboden had only three shots left, and wanted to take the battery to the rear, but Jackson told him to take a position and wait for the rest of the batteries to approach.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Obeying the order, Imboden installed guns in front of Jackson's infantry line [49] [50].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson, meanwhile, decided that the back slope of Henry's hill was very convenient for defense.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The dense forest made his brigade almost invisible from the heights of Dogan Ridge and Matthews Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson's right flank rested on the Young Branch lowland, and the left flank against the dense forest.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He placed the Imboden battery in the center of the position, in front of the infantry line, reinforcing it with two 6-pound guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Behind the battery was the 4th Virginia Infantry Regiment, to the right and slightly behind - the 27th Virginia, and the 5th Virginia on the far right flank.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 2nd Virginia Regiment stood to the left of the battery, and the 33rd Virginia Regiment even to the left [51] [50].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Johnston and Beauregard arrived at Henry Hill at about the same time as Jackson's brigade.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard later recalled: “We found commanders who resolutely kept their soldiers from fleeing further, but tried in vain to restore order, and our own efforts were just as in vain. Every section of the line that we managed to form fell apart as soon as we moved to the next one.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Moving from regiment to regiment, both generals tried to restore order in the troops.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

When Beauregard was near the Louisiana battery, a shell exploded nearby, killing a horse under it.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The general got up in cold blood, found another horse, and moved on.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His behavior made the right impression on others; “It's hard for me to describe to you the effect of his appearance,” Private Hampton's regiment later recalled, “indeed, everything changed right away. People cheered up, leveled the ranks and greeted him with loud greetings” [52] [53].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By one o'clock in the afternoon, the southerners managed to stabilize the situation.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson's brigade occupied a kilometer of front, and behind its right flank, the remnants of General B's brigade were gradually put in order.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard invited Johnston to go to the rear and distribute reinforcements there, and Beauregard himself would stay on Henry Hill and lead the deployment of reinforcements on the spot.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Johnston did not agree at first, but Beauregard reminded him that the overall command of the troops should be carried out by the commander-in-chief, and eventually persuaded Johnston [52] [54].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On the way to the hill, Henry Johnston and Beauregard assembled and led artillery batteries.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Now they've given it to Jackson.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson sent the Imboden battery to the rear (Imboden himself remained), and in its place deployed a Rockbridge artillery battery and two more guns (6 in total).


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

To the left, he put 5 Washington artillery battery guns, and to the right - 2 Loudoun artillery battery guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Four 6-pound guns from John Pelham's battery were the last to arrive on Henry's Hill, and Jackson placed them on the far right flank, adding another gun to them.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson now had 13 guns frontally and 5 more guns covered the right flank [52] [51].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Keese Brigade Attack


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Colonel Keys's brigade crossed the Stone Bridge after Sherman's Brigade and at 12:30pm stood at heights north of Warrenton Road, front south, towards Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This position allowed him to attack the enemy's flank, but Keys did not realize it.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His commander, Tyler, spotted Jackson's guns on Henry's Hill and ordered Keys to capture them.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Both Keys and Tyler could have noticed the infantry of the Southerners, but they had no idea about the location of the enemy and did not understand that they were facing the weakest point of the enemy's defense.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Therefore, Keys sent only two regiments on the offensive, the 2nd Manx and the 3rd Connecticut.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Both regiments descended into the lowland of Young Branch Creek, threw back a small cavalry detachment, crossed the stream and stood at the foot of Henry Hill, opposite the positions of the Hampton Legion [55] [44].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Keys placed the 2nd Manx Regiment on the left and the 3rd Connecticut on the right, occupying a front 400 meters wide, and launched an offensive towards Robinson's house.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After 100 meters, the regiments came under fire from the South Carolina Hampton, but the front of the Keys brigade was much wider.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“We were almost surrounded,” Hampton later recalled, “the enemy approached us from three sides, and Generals B and Evans both advised me to withdraw.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hampton left one company at the foot of the hill, and took the rest back to Robinson's house, taking an intermediate position on the road leading from the highway to this house, now known as Robinsons Lane .


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Colonel Kenton Harper and his 5th Virginia Infantry Regiment came to the aid of Hampton here [56].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

General B brought in some parts.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In total, Southerners managed to gather about 1,100 people near Robinson's house [57].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Keys's offensive put Hampton in a difficult position, and he had to gradually retreat to Robinson's house and adjacent buildings.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At some point, the Connecticut regiment seized Robinson's house, but the 5th Virginia managed to recapture it.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Keys decided that heavy enemy fire could completely destroy his regiments, and ordered a retreat to the Warrensburg Road, and then beyond Young Branch.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In fact, he remained behind enemy lines for another couple of hours, but did not attempt to attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Keese's attack was a big missed chance for the Northerners.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell may have been aware of the potential for an attack from this direction, but he did not even know that Keys had begun to attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Thus, the northerners were let down by the lack of coordination between the units [58].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Battle for Henry's Hill


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At about 2:00pm, after two hours of hesitation, General McDowell decided to launch an offensive on Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He ordered the artillery commander (major) to remove the Ricketts and Griffin batteries from Dogans Ridge and send them to Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell's plan did not imply an infantry offensive at all.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He didn't even think about infantry cover for the batteries.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He probably wanted to check enemy positions with artillery before a general attack, although there is no indication that he was plotting such an attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After receiving this order, Ricketts and Griffin objected: they considered it risky to move the batteries so close to enemy infantry [59] [60].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Major Barry did take care of the infantry cover: he ordered the 14th Brooklyn Regiment, the Marine Battalion, the 1st Minnesota, the 11th New York and the 38th New York to be sent to Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Griffin, meanwhile, once again reminded Barry that you can't send artillery to Henry Hill without infantry cover.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Having learned that infantry regiments had been sent to the hill, he offered to deploy them in a line, give artillery the opportunity to turn around behind the infantry, so that the infantry would then retreat behind the batteries, but Barry did not allow consent to such a maneuver.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Then Griffin proposed instead of Henry Hill to deploy artillery at Chinn Ridge, where it would be safe even if the infantry failed to cope with their cover mission.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Barry replied that he was ordered to go to Henry Hill, and the artillery should be at the forefront.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Griffin once again expressed his doubt that the Fire Zouaves (11th New York) would be able to cover the batteries.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“Be that as it may, this is McDowell's order,” Barry replied.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“I will go there,” said Griffin, “but remember my words, they will not cover us” [61].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Researcher Harry Schreckengorst wrote that if Griffin's plan were realized, the divisions of Tyler and Heinzelman would have every chance to defeat the Southerners on Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In his opinion, it would be wise to place the Reynolds, Griffin and Ricketts batteries on Matthews Hill and Chinn Ridge Height, from where federal artillery could cover Henry Hill with crossfire using range advantage.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At the same time, Tyler's division could attack the hill from the east, Heinzelman's division from the south, and Hunter's division from the west.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

With this development, the battle would most likely be won, Richmond would fall, and the war would be over [13].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Following the order, all 11 federal guns withdrew from their position on Dogan Ridge, descended into the lowland of Young Branch Creek, passed the Stone House, crossed the stream along the ford, and climbed up Sadley Road.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At the top of the hill, they turned left, dismantled the road fence and took up a position 350 meters from Jackson's infantry.