Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

“Dangerous and Moving” was a minor success, reaching only number 79 in England, 12 in Germany, 131 in the US (Billboard), and 10 in Japan, staying there for a very short time.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

However, the second album received gold status in Mexico, Taiwan and Russia.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In support of the album “Dangerous and Moving”, the band organized a large-scale promotion tour, Tatu gave numerous interviews to the European music press, and visited Japan and, for the first time, South America (Argentina, Brazil).


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The promo tour, remembered by many fans, lasted several months.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In 2005-2006, Tatu gave several concerts in the Baltic States, as well as Germany (club performance), Switzerland (festival), Finland (festival), Moldova (club performance), Armenia, Mexico, Belgium (festival for schoolchildren), Korea, Taiwan (festival), Japan (club performances), and also conducted a large-scale tour “Dangerous and Moving Tour” [32] in the cities of Russia and Ukraine.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

However, the reduction in the number of fans caused by the group's active refutation of its lesbian past and the lack of an easily understandable image, multiplied by low professionalism the original concert organizer, who was unable to assess the situation and properly build an advertising campaign, led to regular disruptions in the concert schedule and half-empty halls.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

At this stage, Yulia and Lena continued to deny everywhere that they had ever had deep feelings between them (thus losing some more old fans), and called everything a relationship (“love”) between two sisters or girlfriends.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

A total of three singles were released from the album “Dangerous and Moving”: “All About Us”, “Friend or Foe”, “Gomenasai” and a promotional single for radio stations “Loves Me Not”.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

To promote the album “Disabled People”, the only radio single for the song “Disabled People” was prepared and put into rotation.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The single “All About Us” hit the top 10 on most European charts.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

However, the next single, “Friend or Foe”, failed to repeat the success, was released in England, where it reached only number 48 (probably due to poor promotion and lack of radio rotations), as well as Italy, Greece and Switzerland.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

It remains unclear that the second single was released only in January-February 2006, although it was originally scheduled to be released in early December 2005.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

After the single's failure in England, its release was canceled in Europe as a whole.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The single “Gomenasai” was released in the spring of 2006 in Germany, where it was only able to reach the top 30, although without any promotion at all, the only presentation of the single was a performance in German Bravo Supershow May 6.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Almost simultaneously, a song by the American rap group Flipsyde begins to promote in Germany, who used samples and original vocals of Yulia and Lena from “Gomenasai” (both bands are written on the Interscope label).


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

For the presentation of the single “Happy Birthday”, as well as to some extent the single “Gomenasai”, Tatu and Flipsyde gave several joint appearances on German television.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Four video clips were shot in the United States (“All About Us”, “Disabled People”, “Friend or Foe”, “Gomenasai”), and the video for “Loves Me Not” used a live performance that the band gave during autumn promo tour at G.A.Y. Club (Paris, France).


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

It should be noted that the album “Disabled People” still received a platinum disc from the National Federation of Phonogram Producers [33].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The album sold less than 500,000 copies in the world and about 200,000 in the CIS [27].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Universal Music expected to sell the new album with at least 3 million copies worldwide.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In August 2006, Tatu and Universal Music ceased their collaboration [34].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

As a farewell, Interscope decided to release a collection of hits and best songs “T.A.T.U. The Best”, recorded by the band during their entire existence.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

It was released in autumn 2006.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In November 2006, Leonid Vokuev, the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Komi Republic, accused the band that the inscription in the booklet of the album “People with Disabilities” was offensive to people with disabilities.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On this occasion, a discussion took place on the air of the ORT talk show.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In May 2007, Universal Music admitted that the text contained “verbal formulations and comparisons that are offensive to the perception of a certain category of people” [35].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

According to the rating of the Russian version of Forbes magazine, the group earned $3.3 million in 2005 and $1.4 million in 2006 [36] [37].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In January 2007, Yulia and Lena participated in the recording of vocals for some demo versions of the songs of the new album, which took place in Germany.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The recording was attended by Sven Martin, who has been the band's music director and keyboardist since 2002 [38].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The band continued to work on their third studio album in Los Angeles.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

According to one of the participants, Yulia Volkova, “the album will be less loaded” [39].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The band's new album, as before, had two versions — Russian and English.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The working title of the third album was Waste Management, its release was tentatively scheduled for autumn-winter 2007, but Yulia Volkova's second pregnancy [40] and a number of external reasons have postponed the release date [41].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

At the end of June, the band presented their new song, “Do Not Regret” [42], which was included in a new album, but was not released as a single.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

As the first single from the album “Waste Management”, the song “White Cloak” was released, for which the video was filmed in October [43].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In May 2007, the band's soloists interrupted the recording of their third album to support the gay parade in Moscow [44] [45].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

After the ban on the march by the capital authorities, members of the group, together with Alexei Mitrofanov, a deputy of the State Duma of Russia, appeared near the Moscow City Hall, where representatives of sexual minorities held an action [46] .


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Volkova said that due to the beating of citizens, she would no longer participate in parades [47].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In July, Yulia and Lena took part in the filming of the film “You and Me” directed by Roland Joffe, the film's script was based on the book “Tattoo Cam Back” by Deputy Alexey Mitrofanov and student of the Russian State University for the Humanities Anastasia Moiseeva.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The main roles in the film were played by Hollywood actresses Chantel van Santen and Misha Barton.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The film tells the story of two girls — a seventeen-year-old American woman and her Russian peer from a small provincial town, who meet in Moscow to go to a concert of their beloved Tatu [48] The film premiered as part of the non-competition program of the 61st Cannes Film Festival in May 2008 [49].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On September 12, the Japanese division of the Amazon online store hosted the “virtual” release of the first live DVD, “Truth: Live in St. Petersburg”, originally scheduled for September 2006 years.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The album was released by Japanese label Neformat Music Japan.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On October 2, T.A.T.U. began filming a new video for the song “White Cloak” in Los Angeles.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The song becomes a pre-single for the album “Waste Management”.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On November 29, the White Cloak premiered on MTV Russia.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The Russian-language version of the band's third album was scheduled for release on December 25, 2007.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

However, on December 12, it was announced that the release would be postponed to April 2008.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On December 27, 2007, Yulia had a son, who was later named Samir.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On March 6, 2008, the band performed in Santa Barbara, on March 28 in Dubai, where the singers were banned from cuddling on stage [50].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In April, the planned concert in Minsk was canceled.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The maxi single “White Cloak” was scheduled to be released in mid-May 2008.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On April 25, the second single from the album “Waste Management” “220” hit the radio rotation of Russkoe Radio.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On September 1, 2008, the title of the album “Waste Management” was changed to “Funny Smiles”.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The third single, “You and I”, premiered on September 12, 2008 on Love Radio and on the official MySpace page.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On October 21, 2008, his third studio album, Vesyolye Smiles, was released, which ranked 7th in the sales ranking of the Russian edition of Billboard magazine.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On November 28, at the MTV Russia Music Awards-2008, the band received the Legend of MTV Award [51] [52].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On March 21, 2009, a representative of the band's management announced in a blog that both singers were planning to start solo careers (Lena Katina, with the support of the current team).


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

According to him, in December 2008, at a meeting between Volkova, Katina and their producer Boris Rensky, “a unanimous decision was made to terminate the functioning of T.A.T.U. “full time”.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

As the representative of the group noted: “For ethical reasons, I will not touch on the reasons and will only say that they are not related to either creative or commercial aspects.”


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In addition, at the end of 2008, work on the international album was suspended and negotiations with labels were stopped.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In the near future, the band plans to release another video clip, a special edition of the album “Funny Smiles”.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Regarding Volkova, it was said that “Yulia will deal with her life and career completely independently, at least without the participation of T.A.T.U. management” [1].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On April 17, the fourth single from the album “Funny Smiles”, “Snowfalls”, was released.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On May 12, the band performed as guests in the semi-finals of the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song Not Gonna Get Us [53].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On July 13, the band's first international single, the English version of Snowfalls, premiered on MTV Baltic.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The video for the first single, “White Robe”, released in Brazil and Argentina at the end of November, from the English edition of T.A.T.U.'s album “Funny Smiles”, peaked at number one on the daily LAB DISK chart on MTV Brazil.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The video surpassed hits such as “Broken Hearted Girl” by Beyoncé (Beyoncé) and “Automatisch” Tokio Hotel, which are in second and third places.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On December 15, the international release of the Waste Management album took place.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The CD was released on physical media in Russia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The rest of the world has been digitally released.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On April 13, the second promotional single with Waste Management, “Sparks”, premiered.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On May 30 and June 12, 2010, Lena Katina performed her first solo performances.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In her first solo programs, she presented part of Tatu's repertoire, to which Volkova reacted negatively [54].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In 2012, in an interview with Rolling Stone magazine, Lena Katina said that she and Yulia Volkova have not communicated for about two years.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

She also stated that reunion is possible, but not now [4].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On November 12, 2012, the American record company Cherrytree Records released [55] a worldwide reissue of the album 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane (10th Anniversary Edition), timed to coincide with the 10th Anniversary Edition anniversary of the release of the album 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Katina and Volkova also performed together as T.A.T.U. on December 11, 2012 [56] in the final of the Romanian version of the TV show “” in support of the re-release of the album 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Two days later, the soloists appeared [57] together on the show “Evening Urgant”, and later repeatedly appeared together on the radio.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On April 25, 2013, the band performed their first concert after the breakup.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

During their concert, Lena and Julia performed 13 songs from the band's three studio albums, some of which were performed together for the first time (“Running Blind”, “Fly on the Wall”).


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On October 17, 2013, the Snickers Japan commercial with T.A.T.u [58] premiered, which gained a million views on YouTube in a matter of days.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On November 22, 2013, the premiere of T.A.T.U. “Life is like a song” took place on NTV channel.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Yulia spoke about her pregnancy, why she had never been married and why she converted to Islam, and Lena spoke about her relationship with her husband, why she did not invite Yulia Volkova to the wedding and what she did to lose weight.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On February 7, 2014, the duo performed at the opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics, in Sochi [59] [60].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On February 17, 2014, Elena Katina posted a video message on her official channel that she would no longer work with Yulia Volkova and that T.A.T.u was ceasing to exist again [61] .


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Three days later, on February 20, 2014, Yulia Volkova posted a response video message in which she criticized Elena Katina's earlier appeal to fans and demanded an explanation of its meaning [62].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On March 5, 2014, Yulia Volkova posted another video message in which she stated that despite the existing disagreements between the members of the duo, she still does not rule out further collaboration with Elena Katina [63].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On December 12, 2014, Lena and Yulia appeared together on the program “Live Air”, dedicated to their former producer Ivan Shapovalov, and never saw each other again.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On May 19, 2016, on the occasion of the anniversary of the children's collective “Neposedy”, 1.5 years later, the song “They will not catch up with us” was performed at the State Central State Center for State Property of Russia [64].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On June 16, 2016, the VeVorRussia music channel published an exclusive, previously unreleased video of Tattoo “30 Minutes” 16 years later [65].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Criticism


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The band's activities were criticized from various angles, which was due to the chosen image [66] [67], scandalous behavior and statements of the participants (performances in underwear in clubs and concerts [ 68], use of obscene language in interviews, provocative photos) [69].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

After the release of the band's first video, where girls kiss, entered the Western market, their work attracted the attention of music critics.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Billboard wrote: “All the Things She Said” is a song filled with power that opposes longing and despondency, with the fascinating, powerful sound of synthesizers. A young, categorical, powerful and promising debut” [70].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Journalists of New Musical Express noted: “The producers have successfully built both a musical line and a scandalous one so that the music sells well” [70].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

In the UK, a number of critics targeted the band's image at the age of the soloists: some public figures and TV presenters called for a ban on the broadcasting of the video clip “I'm crazy”, accusing Tatu of” pedophilia propaganda” [71].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

For example, TV presenter Richard Madley called the duo “nauseating”, describing the video for the song “All the Things She Said” as “the standard of sweet dreams of all British pedophiles” [72].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

On the other hand, The Daily Telegraph columnist Nick Cowan said: “All this noise distracts from their music, which is not bad at all. It has more levels than you might think. If at first the synthetically soulful sound seems primitive, you are soon surprised to find roaring guitars and a harsh rock rhythm” [70].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

After the premiere of the song “People with Disabilities” and the video for it, the band was accused of insulting people with disabilities.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The reason for this was a line from the song: “They do not expect the lost, they do not want the sad ones. Such people do not live, they are drowned like kittens”, as well as the fact that real disabled people were involved in the extras in the video: a person without an arm and a wheelchair user.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Yulia and Lena denied all accusations and claimed that their song is about disabled people not physically, but morally: callous, soulless, selfish people [73].


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Roster


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Yulia Volkova — vocals (1999—2011, 2012—2014, 2016)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Lena Katina — vocals (1999—2011, 2012—2014, 2016)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Musicians


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Sven Martin — keyboards, music director (2002-2011)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Troy McCubbin — Guitars (2002—2010)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Matthew Venslauskas— guitars (2010—2011)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Roman Ratege — drums (2003—2006)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Steve “Boomstick” Wilson — drums (2006-2011)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Doman Vadzhevec — bass guitar (2006-2011)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Katya Nechaeva — vocals (2003) [74]


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Discography


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Albums


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

200 on the counter (CD; Universal Music; 2001)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

200 on the counter (reissue) (CD; Universal Music; 2002)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

200 km/h in the Wrong Lane (CD; CD+DVD; Universal Music; December 10, 2002)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

200 km/h In the Wrong Lane (10th Anniversary Edition) (CD; Cherry Tree Records; November 12, 2012)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Dangerous and Moving (CD; CD+DVD; Universal Music; October 5, 2005)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

People with Disabilities (CD; Universal Music; October 19, 2005)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Happy Smiles (CD; Soyuz; October 21, 2008)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Waste Management (CD; Mystery of Sound; December 15, 2009)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Singles


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

I'm crazy (CD, tape, Neformat LLC, December 2000)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

They won't catch us (March 2001)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

30 minutes (September 2001)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Simple Movements (May 2002)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

A Simple Motion (Single, 2002 [not released] /2012 [album reissue]


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

All the Things She Said (CD, Universal Music, September 10, 2002)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Show Me Love (promotional single, CD, Universal Music Poland, 2002) [75]


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Not Gonna Get Us (CD, Universal Music, May 5, 2003)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Don't Believe It, Don't Be Afraid (Universal Music, May 2003)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

30 Minutes (promotional single, Universal Music, June 2003)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

How Soon Is Now?


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

(CD, Universal Music, July 7, 2003)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Disabled people (promotion single, 2005)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

All About Us (CD, DVD, Universal Music, September 1, 2005)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Friend or Foe (CD, Universal Music; December 2005)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Gomenasai (CD, Universal Music, March 2006)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Loves Me Not (promotional single, Universal Music, November 22, 2006)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

White cloak (CD+DVD, Soyuz, May 2008)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

220 (radio and TV promo single, April 25, 2008)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

You and I (radio promotional single, September 12, 2008)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Snowfalls (radio and TV promotion single, April 17, 2009)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Snowfalls (radio and TV promo single, July 13, 2009)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

White robe (promotional single, TV, November 10, 2009)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Sparks (radio and TV promotional single, March 13, 2010)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Compilations and remixes


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

T.A.T.U. Remixes (CD; 2CD; 2CD+DVD; Universal Music; 2003)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

The Best (CD; CD+DVD; Universal Music; September 20, 2006)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Waste Management (Remixes) (Digital Release, T.A.Music, 2011)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

DV


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Screaming For More (DVD; Universal Music; November 24, 2003)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Truth: Live in St.


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Petersburg (DVD; Neformat Music Japan; September 12, 2007)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Songs not released in albums


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Yugoslavia


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Squirrel


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

It's all right


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

I'll be


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Poetry (feat. Polyusa)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Don't believe, don't be afraid


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Love in every moment


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Follow Me


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Soundtracks


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

“Not Gonna Get Us” — films “Lilya Forever” (2002), “Champions” (2014) (sounds in karaoke)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

“All the Things She Said” - WWE, the musical theme for the release of wrestler Victoria (2002)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

“They Won't Catch Us” - the film “March Throw” (2003) sounds at the 32nd and 93rd minutes of the film


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

“Show Me Love” - “Speak” movie (2004)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

“How Soon Is Now” - Gossip Girl (Season 2, Episode 8) (2008)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

“Not Gonna Get Us” - 2009 film “Code of the Thief” (sounds in the background in the bar and in the last subtitles)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

“You and I” - “You and Me” movie (2011)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

“All the Things She Said” - “Boyfriend from the Future” (2013)


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

Tatu (band)

Honors


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

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apparitions


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

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Notes


Question: What is the name of Serebro's most commercially successful album for April 2019?

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References


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(in German)


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Fan sites: and


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Category: Russian girl groups


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Category:Music duets


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Category: Participants in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003


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Category:Representatives of Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest


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Category:MTV Video Music Awards Winners


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Category: Laureates of the Golden Gramophone Award


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The Sino-Vietnamese War (“pre-emptive defensive war against Vietnam”; Vietnamese: Chin tranh biên gių Vit-Trung) was an armed conflict between Vietnam and China that took place in February — March 1979 of the year.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

It is sometimes called the first war in history between socialist states [1] (by analogy with the “First Imperialist” — “First Socialist” [2]).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Prerequisites


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

China and Vietnam have traditionally been at odds with each other.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After thousands of years of Chinese rule in the 10th century AD, Vietnam gained independence, but later there were several more conflicts between states.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

At the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century, China and Vietnam were somewhat united by the struggle against European colonialism, and then by communist ideology.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

During World War II, when the activities of the Communists were outlawed in France (whose colony at that time was Indochina), the future founder of the modern Vietnamese state of Ho Shi Minh and other activists of the Vietnamese Communist Party have taken refuge in China [3].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

China provided significant support to Vietnam in its armed struggle against France, as a result of which Vietnam regained independence.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Significant military (including the dispatch of engineering and anti-aircraft formations) and economic assistance was provided to communist North Vietnam during the Vietnam War [4].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Vietnamese understanding of the causes of the conflict


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After the victory of the Vietnamese Communists in 1975 and the reunification of the two parts of Vietnam, China's policy towards its southern neighbor began to change.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The Chinese leadership was objectively not interested in the emergence of a strong state near its borders [5], and even pro-Soviet.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The Soviet-Chinese split largely determined China's foreign policy.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

A typical example of the clash between Chinese and Soviet “spheres of influence” was the events in Cambodia, where in 1975 the Khmer Rouge led by Paul Pot came to power, who chose China as their the only foreign policy ally.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In addition to organizing social experiments within the state, the Khmer Rouge began to organize border provocations against Vietnam, which eventually led to the emergence of a permanent war.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Both the Vietnamese community in Cambodia and Vietnamese living in the areas bordering Cambodia suffered from their actions.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After a series of limited military operations, the Vietnamese leadership came to the conclusion that it was necessary to act more decisively.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In November 1978, Vietnam concluded a long-term agreement on friendship and cooperation with the USSR.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Shortly thereafter, the Vietnamese army launched a full-scale intervention in Cambodia, which resulted in the overthrow of Pol Pot and the coming to power of Heng Samrin, who was ready to cooperate with Vietnam.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

China was very concerned about the Cambodian events.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

First, there was the fact that a regime friendly to it was overthrown.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Secondly, the signing of the Soviet-Vietnamese treaty and the occupation of Cambodia by the Vietnamese army (as well as the earlier seizure of power in Afghanistan by the PDPA party, is also pro-Soviet oriented) led to an increase in the influence of the USSR in the region.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The Chinese leadership could well have the impression that the Soviet Union is gradually surrounding China with a chain of its satellite countries [5].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

As a response, it was decided to conduct a limited military operation that would ease the pressure of Vietnamese troops on the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, as well as achieve some other goals ( for an analysis of China's alleged military and political objectives in this war, see below).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

It should also be noted that a month and a half before the war, on January 1, 1979, China established diplomatic relations with the United States.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Chinese understanding of the causes of the conflict


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In 1975, Party Secretary General Le Zouan visited Moscow, during which a joint statement was issued on “the unbreakable friendship between the two countries and the strengthening of unity socialist camp”.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After Le Zouan's second visit to the USSR in 1977, Vietnam was admitted (in 1978) to the CMEA, which is under Soviet control.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In 1978, Le Zouan again visited the USSR, where he signed an agreement on mutual military assistance, as well as six other agreements.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Under these agreements, the USSR received the right to create naval and air bases in Vietnam.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The creation of a pro-Soviet-oriented system of collective Asian security was also declared.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

All these actions led to the creation of strategic Soviet ticks from the north and south of China [7].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The result of Soviet-Vietnamese cooperation was Vietnam's sudden raising questions about the Vietnam-Chinese border.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Vietnam had claims to delimit the Gulf of Tonkin, while Vietnam demanded ⅔ of the sea area of the bay.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Vietnam occupied several islands from the Paracel and Spratly group, which the Chinese leadership considered Chinese, and also made territorial claims to the rest of the islands.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Endless border disputes were initiated, leading to conflicts on the land border [7].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

At the same time, in violation of previously reached agreements, Vietnam put forward a demand for Chinese citizens living in former South Vietnam to renounce their Chinese citizenship.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

A campaign to squeeze ethnic Chinese out of Vietnam began, as a result of which hundreds of thousands of people were forced to flee South Vietnam to neighboring countries in the region.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Many of them, saving their lives, left Vietnam on boats that were not suitable for long voyages.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In northern Vietnam, a campaign was carried out to “clean the border” of immigrants from China traditionally living there.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

All these measures led to the fact that by the end of 1978, more than 280,000 people were expelled from Vietnam [7].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After the signing of the Soviet-Vietnamese Treaty, on December 25, 1978, Vietnam sent troops to Cambodia to overthrow the pro-Chinese Khmer Rouge government.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

At the same time, mutual provocations continued on the Sino-Vietnamese border since 1974, which became increasingly bloody.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

By February 1979, the number of armed provocations had reached 3,535 cases.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

According to the Chinese side, only from August 1978 to February 1979, Vietnam carried out 705 cases of border violations, and more than 300 Chinese were killed in provoked conflicts border guards and residents of border areas [7].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

On January 18, February 10 and 16, 1979, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China made three consecutive statements demanding to stop provocations on the border.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The Vietnamese authorities ignored the statements of the Chinese Foreign Ministry [7].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The course of war


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Onshore activities


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After the signing of the agreement on mutual assistance between the USSR and Vietnam in November, on December 7, 1978, a meeting was held at the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China to develop a strategy for action in this situation.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Deng Xiaoping, Deputy Chairman of the Central Military Commission, was appointed commander of the eastern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region bordering Vietnam.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

It was decided to transfer additional troops to the border with Vietnam.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

On December 8, 1978, the Central Military Commission issued an order to bring the military districts bordering the USSR and Mongolia to increased combat readiness: Shenyang, Beijing, Lanzhou ( Gansu Province), Xinjiang.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The armies of these districts had to be secretly dispersed to exclude destruction in places of permanent deployment.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The order shows that the Chinese leadership expected the main retaliatory strike in the upcoming operation from the USSR and Mongolia.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The Vietnamese theater of operations, in the event of the entry of the USSR into the war, was considered as secondary.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

By the morning of January 8, the Guangzhou Military District had completed the operational deployment of a group of troops.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The concentration of additional troops in Yunnan Province has also been completed.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

On February 17, at 4:30am, Chinese troops received an order to attack.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

At the same time, some Air Force aircraft were sent on patrol to the Gulf of Tonkin to protect Chinese oil platforms.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

At the beginning of 1979, armed incidents constantly occurred on the Sino-Vietnamese border, provoked, according to the Vietnamese, by the Chinese side.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Preparations for the war lasted several months.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The Politburo of the CPC Central Committee made the final decision on the start of hostilities on February 9 (p. 44 [8]).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Impressive forces were concentrated near the border with Vietnam (according to Soviet data): 44 divisions with a total of 600,000 personnel [9].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

However, only 250,000 troops from this group invaded Vietnamese territory [5] [10].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

On the Vietnamese side, they were opposed by troops totaling up to 100,000 people [11], and the Vietnamese had only border troops and militia units in the first line of defense.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Regular units of the Vietnamese People's Army (VNA) were located in the second line to protect the Hanoi and Haiphong areas, but during the war some of them were advanced to the border and took part in the battles.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The numerical superiority of the Chinese was to some extent compensated by the fact that many Vietnamese militias and military personnel already had combat experience.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

A few days before the outbreak of the war, Chinese President Deng Xiaoping made his famous statement that “China is going to teach Vietnam a lesson.”


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In the early morning of February 17, 1979, after artillery preparation, the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) launched an invasion of the northern provinces of Vietnam.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

They immediately met fierce resistance from border guards and militias.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The invasion took place in several directions.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The main ones were: Laocai, Caoban (from Detian Falls) and Langshon.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In general, the fighting took place almost along the entire line of the Vietnam-Chinese border.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

During the first three days of the war, the Chinese managed to capture the provincial center of Lao Cai and advance in some places 15 km deep into Vietnam [1].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

However, after that, the pace of the offensive fell sharply


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After the introduction of reinforcements into battle and at the cost of heavy losses, the PLA captured another provincial center, Cao Bang, by the end of February.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The invasion culminated on March 4, when, after fierce fighting, Lang Son was captured, from where Chinese troops opened the road to Hanoi.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The degree of concern of the Vietnamese about the fall of Lang Son is evidenced by the fact that on March 5, a general mobilization was announced in Vietnam.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

But on the same day, China officially announced the cessation of the offensive and the beginning of the withdrawal of troops.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Despite this, the fighting continued until the completion of the withdrawal of Chinese troops from the territory of Vietnam, which occurred, according to Chinese data, on March 16.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

A characteristic and very unusual feature of the Sino-Vietnamese War was that it turned out to be a land war.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Both sides, for various reasons, practically did not use combat aircraft and navy.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Before and during the PRC attack on Vietnam, the Chinese side used a large Chinese diaspora in Vietnam [12] (about 1.2 million): September 29, 1977. Deng Xiaoping said that it is necessary to strengthen work with the Chinese diasporas (“Huaqiao”), including in Vietnam (the total number of Huaqiao in Indochina was ~20 million).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

[13] China's external pressure on Vietnam (disruption of equipment supplies, recall of specialists, obstacles to the transit transportation of goods through its territory) was supplemented by the actions of the “fifth column”: under the leadership of the Chinese Embassy created pro-Chinese organizations (“union of residents of Chinese origin who advocate peace”; “union of progressive Chinese”; “united front of Chinese residents” origin” and others).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Members of these organizations refused to serve in the army, incited nationalism among Vietnamese citizens (Chinese), and tried to create a “movement for the restoration of Chinese citizenship”.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

A Huaqiao spy network was created, work was carried out to destabilize the economic situation - prices were increased, counterfeit money and anti-government leaflets were distributed, and weapon caches.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Great activity developed in border areas, where 160,000 Huaqiao lived.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The state security authorities have identified laboratories for the production of false documents.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In the border province of Caobang, Huaqiao was used, who previously lived in Vietnam, and then trained (as saboteurs) in camps in China (~20 thousand underwent military training and participated in the attack, including as conductors, p. 56, 85, 113 [8]).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In fact, before the war, there were many thousands of hoas in the border provinces of China.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Some of the hoa, who previously left for China, were used at sea for reconnaissance, transportation of saboteurs, and determining the places of possible landing (p. 153 [8]).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The special services of the People's Republic of China created underground organizations that carried out sabotage at military facilities in Vietnam, incited ethnic hatred, provoked riots, collected intelligence information, and other [14].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

According to Vietnamese intelligence, the deployment of agents began in 1964, and only in the second half of 1979 and early 1980, more than 400 spy and sabotage groups were identified.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Ships of the Pacific Fleet of the USSR since the summer of 1978 were in the area of the South China and East China Seas, where they conducted exercises.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

By the beginning of 1979, a large squadron was concentrated in the South China Sea, which by February 20 had 13 large warships.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The Soviet Navy also used the former US naval base Cam Ranh in the area.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

By the end of February-early March 1979, the squadron received reinforcements and already consisted of 30 surface ships, including the Admiral Senyavin KRU (project 68 bis), the Admiral Fokin RKR (project 58), the RKR Vladivostok” (project 1134), BOD “Vasily Chapaev” (project 1134A), “Capable” and “Strict” (project 61), “Excited” (project 56), TFR “Razyashchy” (project 1135) and others.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In addition, an unspecified number of Soviet diesel submarines took part in the operation.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

They came from the following Far Eastern bases: Ulysses, Konyushki, Avangard, Rakushka, Sovgavan, Magadan and Bicheva [15].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Some of the submarines, remaining on the surface, created a visible protective cordon in front of the entrance to the Gulf of Tonkin, thus blocking it for ships of other states.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

According to eyewitnesses participating, the aircraft carrier strike unit of the US Pacific Fleet, led by the aircraft carrier Constellation (CV-64), which was on duty nearby, did not try to overcome this barrier and enter bay.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

And on March 6, the Constellation with an escort left the South China Sea altogether.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

During the conflict, transport vessels of the USSR, as well as countries allied under the Warsaw Pact - the GDR, Bulgaria and others - constantly arrived and unloaded at the port of Haiphong.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Losses of parties


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After the end of hostilities, both sides released estimates of each other's losses, but these figures are significantly higher than estimates by independent sources and may be overestimated for propaganda purposes.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Thus, the Vietnamese side stated that the losses of the Chinese amounted to people killed (according to another source, killed and wounded; killed were declared [16]).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Chinese losses.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

A modern Chinese researcher, referring to Chinese sources, reports about the dead and wounded [16]; this assessment almost coincides with the assessment given by the deputy chief of staff of the PLA after graduation wars [5].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Vietnamese casualties.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Official Vietnamese data on losses are unknown.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

According to a modern Chinese researcher, they amounted to about 20,000 people killed and injured [16]; this is the lowest estimate among all found in the sources, and noticeably lower than the figure announced in China's time.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Data from independent sources.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

According to American author Michael Clodfelter, people died on both sides [17] (that is, a total).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

These figures are probably somewhat overestimated — according to the Stockholm Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), about people died in the war [18].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Military and political results


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Both sides have declared victory in the war.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Vietnam said (his point of view was supported by Soviet sources) that it successfully repelled Chinese aggression, causing heavy losses to the enemy.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

A number of Western researchers also expressed the opinion that the war for China was a failure.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

At the same time, there are other estimates.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The main difficulty in trying to sum up the results of the Sino-Vietnamese war is that the political goals of the Chinese leadership in it are still unclear.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The situation with military targets is simpler — according to the testimony of captured Chinese soldiers, there were three of them (p. 64 [8]):


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

capture in a short time a significant part of the territory of Vietnam, including the provincial centers of Lao Cai, Cao Bang, Lang Son;


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

inflict maximum losses on the enemy, undermining its defense capability;


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

to inflict maximum economic damage on Vietnam.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

This evidence echoes the opinion of Indian researcher Colonel Bakshi, who points out that China waged a limited war in which it intended to seize border areas and thus to force Vietnam to bring into battle its main forces, which were planned to be destroyed [5].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

China's military success was partial.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The planned provincial centers and border areas were captured, but this took much longer than expected.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Major damage was caused to all industrial and economic facilities in Vietnam in these territories.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

But the main burden of the hostilities was borne by the Vietnamese militia - the main forces of the VNA were used in a limited way.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In this regard, China's plans failed.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The PLA's own losses, regardless of the difference in estimates, turned out to be quite large.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The war demonstrated the weakness and backwardness of the PLA, which still adhered to Mao Zedong's concept of “people's war”.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Poor training of command staff, low mobility of units (due to poor equipment with vehicles and large problems with logistics supply), lack of modern weapons and communications [1].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

It is believed that one of the goals of Deng Xiaoping, who advocated the modernization of the Chinese army, was to demonstrate to the more conservative part of the Chinese leadership the impossibility of conducting modern war by old methods [5].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Indeed, shortly after the war, a deep modernization of the PLA began.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

However, the Vietnamese army also demonstrated its shortcomings, in particular, lack of initiative and insufficient preparedness of its command.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

According to one assessment [1]


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

During the hostilities, it was revealed that the command of the VNA (Vietnamese People's Army) was unable to organize the defense of important areas to repel the offensive of large enemy forces, the lack of skills in using tanks, artillery and organizing their interaction with infantry.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

This led to the fact that, for example, in the Cao Bang area, the Vietnamese 346 Infantry Division was surrounded.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The rocket artillery regiment (MLRS BM-21 “Grad”), which was in reserve, was brought to combat positions only on March 5 and could not take part in hostilities.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

China's attempt to ease military pressure on the Khmer Rouge by its attack on Vietnam was not very successful.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Although the VNA did begin to transfer one army corps from Cambodia [1], in the long term this hardly had any impact on the course of hostilities against Pol Pot's supporters.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

However, China's true goal in the 1979 war probably had nothing to do with Cambodia.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

According to Western researcher Bruce Elleman, the invasion of Vietnam was a kind of “touchstone” for the Chinese leadership.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Elleman believes that China, feeling the weakness of Soviet leaders (the very weakness and indecision in foreign policy, which, as noted by Elleman, is one of the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union), decided to check whether he would be able to attack a close ally of the USSR with impunity [19].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

During the Sino-Vietnamese War, units of the Soviet Army in the Far East and Mongolia were put on full alert, but the USSR limited itself to condemning Chinese aggression and the military supplies to Vietnam.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In this regard, the war was successful for the Chinese leadership, which saw in Soviet actions confirmation of its suspicions about the unwillingness of the USSR to use force to protect foreign policy interests (and there is evidence that the PLA was deployed along the Soviet-Chinese border in case of a possible Soviet attack) [19].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After that, in April 1979, China safely announced its abandonment of the Soviet-Chinese Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

This agreement was signed in February 1950 and formally continued to operate even at the peak of the confrontation between the two countries during the border conflict on Damansky Island.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In the 1970s, the Soviet side periodically tried to offer China to conclude a new treaty [19].


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The contract was concluded for a period of 30 years (that is, until 1980), and if neither party had declared its withdrawal in the last year of its operation, it would automatically be extended for five years.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

This did not happen.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

It is noteworthy that China's invasion of Vietnam began just two days after the treaty entered into its last year.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Post-war clashes


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

After the end of the war, relations between China and Vietnam remained tense for about a decade.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Armed clashes constantly took place on the border (June 1980, May 1981, April 1983, April 1984, June 1985 and December 1986-January 1987), which sometimes resulted in a real border conflict (in 1984 year).


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The last armed clash between the two countries took place in March 1988.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

In art


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Against the backdrop of the Sino-Vietnamese War, the film “Youth” (2017) takes place.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

See also


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

The border conflict on Damansky Island


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Border conflict at Lake Zhalanashkol (Kazakhstan, 1969)


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Sino-Indian Border War


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Notes


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Literature


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Gordienko A. N. Wars of the second half of the 20th century


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

— Minsk: Literature, 1999.


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

— ISBN 985-437-507-2


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

References


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Category:Wars between countries


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Category:Wars in Asia


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Category:Conflicts of 1979


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Category:1979 in China


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Category:1979 in Vietnam


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Category: February 1979


Question: When did the Sino-Vietnamese War begin?

Sino-Vietnam War

Category: March 1979


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan (from Hebrew: śāṭān, Aramaic: sāṭānā, Ge'ez: śayṭān — “Satan (a)” — “enemy” [2], “slanderer”, from the north.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

-zap.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

-Semitic.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

the root of *śṭn “satan” letters.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

“to be hostile”, “accusation” [3]) — in the religious ideas of Abrahamic religions — the main opponent of heavenly forces, representing the highest personification of evil and pushing a person on the path of spiritual deaths.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The image of Satan in the Bible


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In the Old Testament


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In its original meaning, “Satan” is a common noun for someone who hinders and hinders.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In the Bible, this word refers to people (,;;).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The exception is probably [4].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

With regard to the angel, the very first mention in the Bible appears in the book of Numbers (), where the word is directly used as “hindering” [5].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan first appears as the name of a certain angel in the book of the prophet Zechariah, where Satan accuses the heavenly judgment.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

According to Christian tradition, the Devil first appears on the pages of the Bible in Genesis as a serpent that had paws, seduced Eve with the temptation to eat the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good And evil, as a result of which Eve and Adam sinned with pride and were expelled from paradise, and doomed to get their bread by the sweat of their brows with hard labor [6].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

As part of God's punishment for this, all ordinary snakes are forced to “walk on the womb” and feed on “the dust of the earth” (Gen. -).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

However, if we consider the Old Testament or the Torah, you can see that the “serpent” is written with a small letter and does not imply its significance.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The Bible also describes Satan as Leviathan [7].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Here he is a huge sea creature or a flying dragon [8] [9].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In a number of books in the Old Testament, Satan refers to an angel who tests the faith of a righteous man (see).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In the book of Job, Satan questions Job's righteousness and invites the Lord to test him.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan is clearly subordinate to God and is one of his servants (bnei HaElohim are the “sons of God,” angels in the ancient Greek version) and cannot act without his permission.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

He can lead peoples and send fire to Earth (), as well as influence atmospheric phenomena (), send diseases ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In Christian tradition, Satan refers to Isaiah's prophecy of the king of Babylon ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

According to the interpretation, but proud and wishing to be equal to God, he was cast to earth, becoming the “prince of darkness” after the fall, the father of lies, the murderer (), the leader of the rebellion against God.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

From the prophecy of Isaiah () taken the “angelic” name of Satan - word, translated as “Lightbringer”, lat.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Lucifer).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Many theologians also refer to Satan an excerpt from the Book of Ezekiel [10]:


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In the New Testament


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In the Gospel, Satan suggests to Jesus Christ: “I will give you authority over all these kingdoms and their glory, for it is devoted to me, and I give it to whoever I want” ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

But Christ rejects all temptations.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Jesus Christ says to people who wanted His death:.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Jesus Christ saw the fall of Satan: “He said to them, I saw Satan fall from heaven like lightning” ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The Apostle Paul indicates Satan's habitat: he is “the prince who reigns in the air”, his servants are “the rulers of the darkness of this age”, “the spirits of malice in heaven” ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

It also claims that Satan is able to outwardly transform into an angel of light ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The Revelation of John the Theologian describes Satan as the devil and “a large red dragon with seven heads and ten horns, and seven tiaras on its heads” (Revelation,,,).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

It will be followed by some angels called “unclean spirits” or “Satan's angels” in the Bible.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

He will be cast to earth in a battle with the Archangel Michael (,,) after Satan tries to eat a baby who is to become the shepherd of the nations ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Jesus Christ completely and finally defeated Satan by taking on the sins of people, dying for them and rising from the dead ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The Bible describes people on earth who believe in Jesus Christ as victorious over Satan:


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

On Judgment Day, Satan will fight the Angel who holds the key to the abyss, after which he will be bound and cast into the abyss for a thousand years ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In a thousand years, he will be liberated for a short time and after the second battle he will be forever thrown into a “lake of fire and sulfur” ().


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Common names and synonyms


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan's Names in the Bible


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan has the following names in the Bible:


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The devil (;; from Ancient Greek: diβos — crafty, slanderer [2] [11]).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Beelzebub [12] [13] (Hebrew: Beelzebub, Baalzvuv, Baal Zebub - “Lord of the Flies”) is the name of one of the Canaanean deities mentioned in the Old Testament.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

At the time of writing the New Testament, it was one of Satan's accepted names in Judaism (;).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Lucifer, Lucifer (Latin: Lucifer - “light bearer, son of dawn, bringing light”).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Translated into Russian — “dinnitsa”, in the original — “heilel” (morning star) (see).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Dragon (), Big Red Dragon (), Great Dragon ()


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The Ancient Serpent (,)


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Cruel angel ()


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Evil angel ()


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

An evil spirit from God (16:23;;)


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The Tempter (;)


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Prince of Demons ()


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Prince of This World (;;)


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Deceitful spirit ()


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Crafty ()


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The father of lies ()


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Killer from the beginning ()


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Other popular synonyms


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Mephistopheles is the devil in the German novel “Faust” of the 16th century, who concluded an agreement with man.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Woland is the name of the devil, coming either on behalf of the Old Norse blacksmith god Welund, or on behalf of Faland, found in ancient German literature.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

M. A. Bulgakov borrowed his name from the tragedy of I. IN. Goethe's “Faust”, in which Mephistopheles asks the evil spirits to part: “The nobleman Woland is coming!”


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Interpretations


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In Judaism


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

According to Judaism, Satan is not a power equal to God.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan is an accuser angel who serves the Supreme in this capacity and, like all angels, does not have free will.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The Creator allows Satan to act in the world so that man has a choice between good and evil.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan is not often mentioned in Tannai literature, and almost everywhere it appears only as an impersonal force of evil.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

During the Amorai period, Satan, however, began to play a more prominent role in the Talmud and Midrash.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

It is often referred to as Samael, but the name Satanael appears later in the same text.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan is identified with bad inclinations and with the angel of death [14], but is often endowed with its own personality.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In Christianity


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Christianity considers it sin and madness to turn to Satan in witchcraft and fortune-telling.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The church troparion to Christian martyrs emphasizes the weakness of the audacity of demons.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

“Abdication of Satan” is part of the Orthodox [15] [16] and Catholic [17] rite of baptism.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In Islam


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In Islam (Satan) is the smartest jinn who, for his knowledge, was elevated by the grace of the Most High to the level of angels and became part of their circle.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

He was a believer, but he disobeyed the Lord, disobeying His command, for which he was cursed forever: “And We said to the angels, 'Bow down to Adam! [Pay tribute to him as a new, hitherto non-existent creation of the Lord God.]” Everyone bowed except the [genie] Iblis (Satan), he resisted, refused, considered himself important, was proud, and became one of the atheists /20/ [who rejected the gifts of the Most High and disobeyed Him] ” (see below) St. Koran, 2:34).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In Satanism


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satanist Anton LaVey (founder of author Satanism) said: “Satan is a manifestation of the dark sides of human nature. Satan is in each of us. The challenge is to know it and discover it. The Satanic principle lies in people — the most important and most powerful. We should be proud of him, not burdened. It must be cultivated, which is what we do in our temple with the help of various magic spells” [18].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Religious scholar James Lewis believes that “the vast majority of Satanists” refer to Satan as a symbol, an archetypal image, a non-personalized natural force (cf. LaVey's equilibrium principle) or some other “antitheistic” concept [19].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In psychology


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan can be seen as an archetype.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

K. G. Jung connects this perception of Satan with the lower part of the personality and as an image of the collective unconscious [20].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In theosophy


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In The Secret Doctrine, E.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

P. Blavatsky says that there is neither the Devil nor Evil outside human creation, and notes that the “opposing”, “enemy”, Satan is our animal, lower aspect, which manifests itself in our passions, irrepressible desires and vices.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

That is, both God and the Devil are within people themselves and this is the cause of the evil that lies in the animal human nature, in ignorance and passions, because through man they can act as good forces, and evil forces, and people themselves generate them in their minds.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The author claims that with our thoughts, feelings, negativity we create monsters of evil and send them from our consciousness into space, and they begin to live independently of us, which means that a person himself support the imperfection of the world, because a person has free will, which means that he directs his energy to imperfection, and it continues to exist [21].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan in art


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The image of Satan


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Medieval descriptions of Satan's image are extremely detailed, giving it gigantic dimensions, a mixture of anthropomorphic and animal features, etc. Satan's mouth was often identified with entering hell, so entering hell meant being eaten by him [22].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In icon painting, there is a composition “The Fall of the Arch”, based on the 14th chapter of the book of the prophet Isaiah.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

This composition shows angels in various stages of transformation into demons and Lucifer himself (box), in this case naturally identified with Satan [23].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In Dante's Divine Comedy (Hell, XXXIV), Satan is a gigantic fallen angel with a terrifying appearance: he has six bat wings and three faces, red, white and yellow, and “like those who came with Nile Falls” (comments at the end of the book refer to color as the color of an Ethiopian skin).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

His teeth are tormented by Judas Iscariot, a traitor to Christ, and Brutus and Cassius, the murderers of Gaius Julius Caesar, the famous Roman ruler, outstanding commander and writer [24].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

On the contrary, J.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Milton in Paradise Lost gives Satan a dark greatness that makes him suitable for the role of an epic hero.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

An excerpt from Satan's speech in Paradise Lost [25]:


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

“... And I'm going to fly over the shores


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Formless darkness so that everyone


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

To release.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

I'll try


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Alone; this step is dangerous nobody


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

She won't share it with me!


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

” After finishing the speech,


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The monarch rose, imposing a ban on objections...


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Milton in Paradise Lost also describes Chaos as a third force not associated with rebellious angels and friendly to Satan [25].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan also refers to the Night as “Uncreated” [25].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The tragic poem Lucifer by the Dutch poet Jost van den Vondel goes in the same direction, the hero of which knows how to be impressive in his vanity and discusses the need to correct Yahweh's mistake for Yahweh himself.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In Byron's poem “Cain”, the main character, Cain, is a like-minded and ally of Lucifer-Satan in the battle against the creator of the world.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Lucifer here is a positive hero, supportive of man, because his rebellion and the rebellion of people are akin to each other.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Lucifer leads Cain through the “abyss of space”.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Cain follows him to escape the horror of mortality and find a means to overcome this horror.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

But it turns out that all his earthly experience is “the most blissful Eden” in all his innocence compared to what he will soon comprehend in the “abyss of space”.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Truth is knowledge of evil, and therefore happiness is incompatible with knowledge.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

A person has a choice: either believe and be saved or doubt and die.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

It is no longer possible to believe Cain, he doubts and learns [26].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Only after romanticism (J. Byron, M. YU. Lermontov, etc.), in the stream of liberalism and seclericalism, the image of Satan as a freedom-loving rebel can become an unequivocally positive hero, acquiring the features of an ancient Greek deity: Cardduchi's “To Satan” , Lucifer by Mario Rapisardi, Litany to Satan by S.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Baudelaire.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

For A. Frans, as the heir to this tradition, is already axiomatic that Satan is an ideal, and he plays this axiom in Rise of the Angels, proving that God should be destroyed in himself, “for we did not understand that victory was spirit and that in us, and only in ourselves, we must overcome and destroy Ialdabaoth.”


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

M. A. Bulgakov in The Master and Margarita portrays the Devil as a witness to gospel events, describing them as the “Gospel of Himself,” while Jesus (Yeshua) acts as a poor dreamer philosopher, deprived of divine depth.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

It is characteristic that the behavior of Woland's retinue (fear of the cross, cockscream, etc.) betrays the evil character of the diabolical narrative - thus Bulgakov parodies the ideas of the “Historical School” in biblical studies.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Woland is an ironic critic of Bulgakov's modern reality, surrounded by a retinue of demons and mocking humanity.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Satan's ball is also devoted to a considerable excerpt from the novel.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In Huseyn Javid's play “Iblis”, Satan (Iblis) is the embodiment of evil that nests in man himself.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

According to Javid, if the world is full of betrayals, betrayals and crimes, then the vicious nature of man, his diabolical nature, is to blame [27].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

In contemporary art


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

The image of Satan, ideas and images, symbolism of Satanism are currently actively used in the promotion of some musical groups, primarily in order to attract attention to themselves (see shocking) [28 ] [29] [30].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Many metal bands (and especially Black Metal) resort to the symbolism of Satanism and the name of Satan, as well as other demons [28] [29] [30].


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

There are groups that claim to include or consist only of Satanists, in particular Dissection [31]:


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Thus, I only wanted to see Satanists in my group and therefore the old members were out of the game.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

And by setting this goal for myself, I did not make my life easier.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

See also


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Seth (mythology)


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Divas (mythology)


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Asura


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Notes


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Literature


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

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Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Orlov M. A. The history of man's dealings with the devil.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

/Amfiteatrov A. The devil in everyday life, legend and literature of the Middle Ages.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

— Moscow: Eksmo, 2003.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

— 800 p. — (Great Initiates).


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

— ISBN 5-699-04469-8


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Foreign language


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Heaster D. — Carelinks Publishing, 2010.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

— 435 p.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Krivoshein B. The angels of light and the powers of darkness.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

— L., 1954;


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

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Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Sholem G. Gut und Bose in der Kabbala.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

//Eranos-Jahrbuch 1961.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

— 1962.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

— S. 29—62;


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Werblowsky R.J. Z. Lusefer and Prometheus.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

A study of Milton's Satan.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

— L., 1952.


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Demons in Christianity


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Judaism


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Satanism


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Literary villains


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Movie villains


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Judaistic mythology


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Gospel According to Luke


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Revelation Characters


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Gospel According to John


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan

Category:Gospel According to Matthew


Question: Who is Satan?

Satan


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

Red Dead Redemption 2 (stylized as Red Dead Redemption II, abbreviated as RDR2) is an action-adventure and open-world third-person shooter video game developed and released Rockstar Games for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in 2018 [1].


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

It is the third in the Red Dead series and a prequel to Red Dead Redemption (2010).


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

Red Dead Redemption 2, designed in the spirit of a Western, takes place in 1899 in the Wild West, in several fictional states of the United States.


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

The plot of the game is built around the adventures of the gang of Dutch van der Linde; the player controls Arthur Morgan, one of the gang members.


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

After a failed bank robbery, bandits are forced to hide in the middle of nowhere from federal agents and bounty hunters.


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

Red Dead Redemption 2 offers the player to freely travel around the vast world of the game, finding interesting places and activities on their own - such possible activities include shootings, robberies, wildlife hunting and horse racing.


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

A special system of “honor”, which takes into account both worthy and criminal actions of the player, affects both the plot of the game and the gameplay.


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

Since the release of Red Dead Redemption 2, as one of the most anticipated and widely advertised games at the time, broke several sales records — selling more than 17 million in just two weeks after its launch copies of the game, bringing Rockstar more than $725 million in profits.


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

It received the highest ratings from the press, with observers giving the highest praise for the plot, characters, the freedom given to the player, and the extreme attention of developers to detail.


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

At the end of 2018, the game also garnered a number of prestigious awards, including Critics' Choice at the Golden Joystick Awards and Best Narrative and Best Soundtrack at The Game Awards.


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

Gameplay


Question: In what year was the Red Dead Revolver computer game released?

Red Dead Redemption 2

Red Dead Redemption 2 is an open-world first and third person shooter in the western adventure genre [2].