Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The numerical aspect ratio was as follows: Eugene had 10,000 in Trevilio and 21,000 at Vendome in Rivalto, not counting the garrisons in Cremona and lower Olio, as well as the corps de Lafellada besieging Chivasso.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the night of October 10, Prince Eugene left Trevilio to Moscazano, aiming to cross the Serio and then, hiding behind lower Adda, to look for connections with the Savoy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Having received news of the movement of the Austrians, the French commander-in-chief ordered the troops stationed on lower Adda to cross to the left bank of the Serio, and after crossing Addu at Lodi, with the main forces moved through Pichiguitone to Castiglione, where he managed to warn Eugene, occupying the heights between Castiglione and Lonago and throwing his vanguard troops to Chiese.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After that, the troops dispersed to winter apartments: the French were located between Desenzano and Carpendolo, and the Austrians - at Lake Garda.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Piedmont, Count Staremberg captured the city of Asti on October 21, and the attempt to recapture the city of De Lafellade (November 6) failed.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The actions of the French in Nice were happier: on November 14, Marshal Berwick (8 thousand) captured the city, and then on January 4, 1706, the citadel.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, Vendome, with the speed and determination of his actions, made futile all attempts of Eugene to go to Piedmont and achieve the goal set for him in this campaign.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Vendome's actions are incomparably higher than those of Eugene.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Netherlands and the Rhine


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the Netherlands and on the Rhine, by the beginning of 1705, the French deployed 3 armies: Villeroy stood at Maastricht (32 thousand), in Flanders - Villars (46 thousand), on the Rhine - Marsen (26 thousand), which was supposed to assist Villars and cover Alsace.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Many troops were stationed in garrisons throughout the area from Oostende to the Rhine.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allies were located in winter apartments: the Anglo-Dutch army - on the left bank of the Meuse and partly between the Meuse and Moselle, and Margrave Louis of Baden - along Lauter and in the Stolhofen lines.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 15, hostilities began.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marlboro crossed the Meuse at Wiese and headed for Moselle, leaving the 20,000 Overkirk detachment near Maastricht against Villeroy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Elector Maximilian strengthened Villeroy's troops to 43,000, and the latter could have seriously opposed the concentration of enemy armies, but he preferred the siege of Guy and then Limburg, which I took it.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 3, Marlboro sent his army across the Moselle at Igel and arrived in Helendorf on June 14, led by 90,000 men.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Villars, who was between Luxembourg and Saarlouis, had no more than 55,000, however, the English commander-in-chief did not dare to attack him and on the night of June 16-17 withdrew to Trier.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He expected the Margrave's troops (19,000) to join from Landau, but the latter moved so slowly that they approached Saarbrücken only on July 20, when Marlboro had already withdrawn from the camp and went through Dalgem to Maas (July 27).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Villeroi withdrew from Limburg to Tongra, and Overkirk from Maastricht approached Gui and forced him to surrender on July 12, after which he joined the main forces.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Marlboro on July 18 at Wangen, thanks to skillfully conducted demonstrations, defeated the 15,000-strong French detachment and forced the entire enemy army to retire across the Dil River.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marlboro then moved to Louvain (July 19), where Villeroy's army was concentrated across the Dil River, and, after an unsuccessful attempt to attack it, withdrew to Bossy, where he stayed for two weeks.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Without abandoning the plan to attack the French, Marlboro moved through Korbet to Bran-Lalled on August 15, while the French approached the Suan Forest, taking the very position that 110 years later was defended by the English army of Wellington at Waterloo and which Marlboro did not dare to attack.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 19, he went to Wavre, from there to Arshot and became a camp.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French withdrew to Bouchot and the Demer River.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

There were no more decisive actions, and these maneuvers ended the military operations in Flanders and the Meuse.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Rhine, the Margrave of Baden, reinforced with reinforcements, led by 20 thousand people, moved through Zweibrücken to Saarland, but Villar, who vigilantly watched the movements of the Imperials, crossed this river, captured Saarbrücken and from here he went to Trier, from where he expelled the 7-thousandth enemy detachment, taking possession of many food reserves.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With minor forces (only 15 thousand), the marshal could not do more, and only after connecting with Marsen (July 3), Wert's strength increased to 40 thousand, and he moved to Weisenburg, where he defeated the 6 the thousandth detachment of the Imperials and captured the fortified lines.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, his attempt to take Lauterburg failed.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But Villard got Homburg, who surrendered on July 27, Druesenheim (September 24) and Haguenau (October 6).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On November 22, both armies dispersed to winter apartments: the French - to Strasbourg and Saverne, the Imperials - to Bischweiler.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Spain


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain, the beginning of the 1705 campaign was marked by the naval battle of Gibraltar.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After this battle, Gibraltar, which had been besieged since October 21, 1704, despite the heroic courage of the garrison, was taken by the Allies on April 30, 1705 and has since remained in English rule.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Catalonia, Archduke Charles (11,000) captured Barcelona on October 6, then Lleida, Tortosa and other cities, but in Extremadura Badajoz, defended by General Puebla, persisted until the siege was not removed (October 17).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This ended the hostilities on the Iberian Peninsula in 1705, when Leopold I died in Austria and Joseph I (1705—1711) ascended the throne.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1705, the French and Spanish made great efforts to take Gibraltar back.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Operations on the Portuguese border were stopped, and troops led by Marshal Tessé were sent to Gibraltar.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Tessé demanded the assistance of the fleet; Pointis was categorically ordered to leave, and on March 16 he came to Gibraltar with 13 battleships.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Despite his protests about the danger of the bay, Tessa did not allow Pointis to stay at sea.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On March 18, 8 ships were unanchored and carried to sea, and on March 20, Lik suddenly appeared with 32 ships (19 English, 4 Dutch and 9 Portuguese) and transport with 3 infantry regiments and large stocks.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

3 French ships were taken, 2 rushed ashore and burned themselves, and 8 of the ships carried away went to Toulon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Tessa had to lift the siege.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1705 and 1706, the Allied Fleet, under the command of Admirals Shovel and Almond, helped Charles III in the capture of Catalonia.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For this purpose, new ships were attached to the forces already in the Mediterranean Sea, and on August 5, the Allied Fleet reached 58 battleships, 11 frigates and 9 bomber ships.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Under his cover, the Allied army landed, and on October 3, with the help of the fleet, it captured Barcelona, after which all of Catalonia defected to Charles III, followed suit by Valencia and Arragón.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allied Fleet headed home on October 23, leaving a squadron of 25 ships under the command of Lik and Wassenaar in Lisbon for the winter.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1706


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In February 1706, Peterborough entered Valencia; Philip V moved to Barcelona, but its siege ended in a heavy defeat.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 23, 1706, Marlborough defeated Villroy's troops at the Battle of Ramilly in May and captured Antwerp and Dunkirk, driving the French out of most of the Spanish Netherlands.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Prince Eugene was also successful; on September 7, after Vendome left for the Netherlands to support the divided army operating there, Eugene, together with the Duke of Savoy Victor Amadeus, inflicted heavy losses to the French troops of the Duke of Orleans and Marsen at the Battle of Turin, which made it possible to expel them from all of Northern Italy by the end of the year.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After the French were driven out of Germany, the Netherlands and Italy, Spain became the center of military activity.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1706, the Portuguese General Marquis of Minas launched an offensive against Spain from Portugal: in April he took Alcantara, then Salamanca, and entered Madrid in June.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But Karl Habsburg did not have time to enter the capital; Philip V moved his residence to Burgos and announced that he “would rather shed his blood to the last drop than give up the throne.”


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Castilians were outraged that the eastern provinces and British heretics wanted to impose their king on them.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain, a popular movement began everywhere, the nobility took up arms, food and cash contributions began to flow from all sides to the French camp.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Spaniards rebelled west of Madrid and cut off Charles from Portugal.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In October 1706, the Allies left Madrid, seeing no support from anywhere, and Philip Bourbon, with the help of the Duke of Berwick (the illegitimate son of King James II of England), returned to the capital.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allies retreated to Valencia, and Barcelona became the residence of Karl Habsburg until 1711.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Italy


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The 1706 campaign in Italy was the most instructive and interesting of this entire war.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

By the beginning of 1706, Austrian troops (15,000 men) were standing in winter apartments west of Lake Garda.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the absence of Prince Eugene, General Raventlau was entrusted with interim command of them.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Count Staremberg's 25,000-strong army was near Turin.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The forces of the Duke of Vendome reached 44 thousand, but for operations in the field he had no more than 36 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Taking advantage of the absence of Prince Eugene and despite the order to act defensively, Vendome decided to launch an offensive, oust the Austrians from Italy and thus ensure de Lafellada's capture of Turin.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Having captured Ponte San Marco on the night of April 19, Vendome (36,000 people) attacked the left flank of the Austrians at Calcinato.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After a stubborn battle, the 20-thousandth Reventlau detachment was defeated and driven back to Roveredo, losing 3,000 killed and wounded.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French lost no more than 500 people.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, Vendome did not develop success by attacking Roveredo with all his might.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Prince Eugene arrived from Vienna to Roveredo with a small detachment (3,600 people) and, having arranged the retreating troops, moved to Verona, near which he was located on the left bank of Adige.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In turn, the French also located along Adige, guarding the entire space from Salo to Badia on lower Adige.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Both armies were inactive from late May to mid-July.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Eugene (16,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry) was waiting for the 10,000 corps from Germany, Vendome (39,000) - in order to gain time to capture Turin, overlaid by de Lafellade since May 13.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

De Lafellade had 42,000 people against the 20,000 garrison of Count Down, who, in the absence of Victor Amadeus of Savoy, who retreated with 8 thousand to Carmagnola, was supposed to defend Turin.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the intensified requests of Victor Amadeus, who feared for the fate of Turin, as well as the fear that with the fall of the capital, the Duke of Savoy could abandon the Austrian alliance, prompted Prince Eugene to move to decisive action.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

His plan was to leave communications with Tyrol and move the right bank of the Pau, bypass the right flank of the French line and, at the connection with Victor Amadeus (12 thousand), give de Lafeliad a decisive Battle of Turin.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Leaving an 8-thousandth detachment on Adige, which was supposed to soon be strengthened by the arrival of 10,000 Hessians, with the remaining 36,000 on the night of July 5, Eugene quickly descended down Adij, on July 9 crossed Badia, on July 16, crossed the Po at Policella and reached the Panaro River near Camposanto.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, the right flank of the French army was bypassed, and it, unable to hold on to Adige, retreated for Mincio.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With an enemy like Vendome, such a flank bypass could not have much importance, but to the misfortune of the French, this talented commander received a new appointment to the Netherlands at that time to to correct the critical state of affairs there due to Villeroi's defeat at Ramilla.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He was succeeded by the Duke of Orleans, although the man is brave and decisive, but inexperienced and bound by the advice of Marshal of Marsen, who had the authority of king, in case of disagreement with Duke, to take command of the army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Since Eugene's army was in two masses separated by the Po River, the French could easily, using their concentration and superiority of strength, break the Austrians into parts, but the Duke of Orleans and Marsen themselves split into two.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Leaving the 10-thousandth detachment of Count Medavi on Mincio, against the Prince of Anhalt, who managed to unite with the Hessians, with the remaining 26 thousand, the French commanders crossed to the right bank of the Pau and became camp at San Benedetto across the Sequia River, that is, they took a flank position in relation to the offensive route against Turin on the right bank of the Po.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 24, Eugene crossed Panaro at Camposanto, then crossed Sequia, and on August 1 captured Carpi and Coreggio, who were on the right flank of the French army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At the same time, the Prince of Hesse launched offensive operations on Mincio against Count Medavi and pushed him back to Castiglione.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 9, Eugene arrived in Reggio, took him after a 6-day siege and on August 15 in the morning moved to Parma, which fell the next day.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Until then, the French were completely passive, but finally fears for communication with Milan forced the Duke of Orleans and Marsen to cross to the left bank of the Pau and support Medavi's detachment; however, they were late, as Goito was already in the hands of the Austrians.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Aug. 19


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

austr.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

the army was near Piacenza and the next day moved to Stradelle, whose possession was all the more important for Eugene, since this narrow gorge was the key to the invasion of Piedmont.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Having unraveled the intentions of the enemy and knowing the strategic benefits of the Stradelle position, the Duke of Orleans moved there from Cremona along the left bank of the Pau (August 20), but was several hours late and, before he had time to block the Austrians from the way, went through Chivasso to Turin, where on August 28 he joined de Lafehllad.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For his part, Eugene followed Vogera and boldly passed between Tortona and Alessandria, occupied by strong French garrisons, and on August 31 he was already in Asti, while he came out to meet him halfway Victor Amadeus was at Carmagnola's.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 2, both armies joined, with the number of Allied troops reaching 36,000, while the Duke of Orleans joined de Lafellade with about 60,000.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With such forces, decisive results could be achieved, but instead it was decided to face the enemy's attack without leaving their counter-valation lines.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 7, 1706, the Battle of Turin took place, in which the French suffered a brutal defeat and retreated to Alessandria to join Medavi, located on the middle Po.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, the defeated army voluntarily cut itself off from the rest of the troops on Po and Mincio.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The defeat at Turin led to the loss of all of Italy for the French, despite their successful actions on Mincio.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the Prince of Hesse (18 thousand), captured Goito, began the siege of Castiglione, to the rescue of which Medavi (13 thousand) hurried from Mantua, who faced imperial troops on September 8 at Solferino.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Imperials were overturned and pushed back to the left bank of Mincio.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The victory at Solferino could not improve the general state of affairs when the main French army was defeated near Turin and when Prince Eugene, with his movement to Milan, completely cut off Medavi's detachment from his bases.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With the permission of the king, Medavi entered into negotiations and, surrendering to the Imperials Modena, Mirandola, Vicenza, Cremona, Mantua and Milan (and holding one Susa in the hands of the French), received a free retreat to France.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Soon the French left Pinerolo, Vercelli, Ivrea and Verroy, who came to the power of the Savoy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 15, Eugene surrendered the fortress of Chivasso, and on September 20, Novara with Fort Bar.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Then it was the turn of Lodi, Pichighetone, Tortona, Alessandria and other fortified places, the number of which reached 20, and at the beginning of the next year, the 10,000 detachment of Austrians captured without a shot The Kingdom of Naples.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, all of Italy was lost to Louis XIV.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Eugene's movement to Piedmont undoubtedly belongs to brilliant feats.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The success is due to the bold decision to throw their messages and hit the messages of the French with a quick movement, then entering into a decisive battle and skillful choice of the point of attack of the fortified line under Turin.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Netherlands


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the Netherlands, combat operations in 1706 began with the passage of Villeroy's army (May 19) through Diehl and its camp in Tyrlemont.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Its forces reached 40,000 infantry and 30,000 cavalry.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the same day, British troops arrived in Maastricht and on May 20 joined the Dutch in Loo (between Tongre and Saint-Trou); the number of Allied forces was 62 thousand people (including about 15 thousand cavalry).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Assuming that Marlboro was moving towards Namur, Villeroi wanted to warn him and marched to Ramilla, where a decisive battle took place on May 23.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French lost it and in disarray retreated first to Louvain, and then to Brussels.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 25, Marlboro crossed Diehl, and on May 26 he was near Brussels, from where the French crossed the Scheldt and marched to Ghent, located between the city and Saint-Denis.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allies followed them relentlessly: on May 30 they were in Alosta, and on May 31 in Ghent, from where the enemy retreated to Courtrai, where they received significant reinforcements, which brought its number to 32,000.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the English commander subdued the most significant cities and fortified points of Brabant and Flanders.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Udenard and Bruges surrendered on June 2, Antwerp fell on June 6, and the siege of Oostende began on June 26, which ended in surrender on July 6.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 4, Marlboro besieged Menin and captured it on August 25.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the day of the beginning of the siege of Menin, a new commander-in-chief, Duke of Vendome, arrived at the French army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With a weak and disorganized army, he could not stop the success of such an outstanding enemy as Marlboro, after the capture of Menin, who besieged Dendermond (near Ghent) on August 27, surrendered on September 5, and 6 September Ath, who surrendered on October 2.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Both armies then dispersed to winter apartments (November 6).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions on the Rhine


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Alsace and on the Rhine, fighting was not decisive and was limited mainly to maneuvering and serfdom warfare.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

By the beginning of 1706, the Margrave of Baden occupied Bischweiler and Drutsenheim with 20 thousand, at the same time having about 10 thousand in the Stolgofen lines.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

French troops were divided into two armies: one, Marcena (11,000), threatened Trauerbach, and the other, Villars, occupied the space between Strasbourg and Guningen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On April 30, Marsen joined Villar (46,000) and on May 1 they attacked the fortified Imperial camp near Bischweiler and forced the Margrave to clear the left bank of the Rhine.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Drutsenheim and Gaguenau (May 12) fell into the hands of Villard, but he did not develop further success, as at this time the 11-thousandth detachment of Marsen was ordered to go to Flanders, and then, after learning about Villeroy's defeat at Ramilla, he separated 18 thousand to help the army defeated in the Netherlands; his remaining forces did not exceed 28 thousand, while the imperial army strengthened every day and even threatened Strasbourg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At the end of August, Villard had 25,000, and the Imperials about 55,000; therefore, the marshal limited himself to observing the enemy, and to cover Alsace from the north built fortified lines near Weisenburg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On November 15, troops of both armies dispersed to winter apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Spain


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain, two foreign kings still continued to challenge each other the throne of Charles V. Philip of Anjou owned Madrid and the central provinces, with garrisons in most of the fortified points, especially along the Portuguese border.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

His army, reinforced by the police units of Castile, Andalusia and Extremadura, reached 26 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Archduke Charles, who owned Barcelona, was supported by Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

His forces stretched to 32,000, assisted by the Portuguese and General Galway's Anglo-Dutch auxiliary troops.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On March 4, Philippe, joining Marshal Tessé's detachment standing on the Ebro, moved to Barcelona at the head of 17,000 and approached the city on April 3.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At this time, the Portuguese army (30 thousand people) with Anglo-Dutch troops invaded Extremadura and, crossing Guadiana, settled at Elvas.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marshal Berwick, who was standing near Badajoz (4,000), could not prevent her offensive against Madrid.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 4, the Allied army was already 80 kilometers from Madrid.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

She stayed here until May 11 and then moved to Ciudad Rodrigo, which she captured on May 26 in the evening.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Berwick went to Salamanca.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the siege of Barcelona did not move forward, and when the British squadron arrived at Barcelona on May 10 landed troops to help the city, Tessa began to retreat on May 11.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After learning about the retreat of the French from Barcelona, Galway, who commanded the Anglo-Portuguese army, marched on June 3 from Ciudad Rodrigo to Madrid, which he entered on June 25 and proclaimed King of Spain Archduke Charles.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, Berwick, joining Tessé, reoccupied Madrid on August 4, and Galway ceded to the province of Valencia, and then forced Kuenza to surrender (October 9) and moved to Cartagena, after which he captured on November 17 located on winter apartments in the southeastern part of the peninsula.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the west of the Iberian Peninsula, happiness also favored the French, where Salamanca and Alcantara passed into their hands.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1706, the French took decisive steps to make up for last year's failures.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In order to achieve decisive results before the Allied Fleet arrived in the Mediterranean Sea, they invaded Catalonia, drove Charles III to Barcelona, which was leaned from land 40,000 the French army, and from the sea by the French fleet of 30 ships and a detachment of galleys, under the command of the Count of Toulouse.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After receiving news of the preparation of the French, the Allies also hurried this year.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On March 9, Lick left Lisbon, on April 14 he already had 30 battleships in Gibraltar, and in early May, Altea joined him with further reinforcements, so that his forces reached 50 battleships (36 English, 14 Dutch), 6 frigates, 2 fireships, 2 mortars and transports with troops and supplies.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 6, near Tortosa, he received a message from Charles III that Barcelona was barely holding on and only the arrival of the fleet could save it.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Lick ordered his squadron, out of order, crossing the sails, to go to Barcelona.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

His advanced ships approached Barcelona early in the morning of May 7, but the French fleet was no longer there.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At the news of the approach of the Allied fleet, he went to Toulon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the same day, the entire Allied fleet arrived, the troops were landed, and Barcelona, and Catalonia with it, were rescued.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 10, Marshal Tesse lifted the siege, leaving about 100 guns and wounded.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After that, the Allied Fleet was ordered to transport troops from Catalonia to Valencia, from where they went dry to Alicante, a stronghold of supporters of Philip V. While the troops made this transition, the fleet arrived (June 10) in front of Cartagena and under threat of attack forced her to recognize the power of Charles III.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The fleet then moved to Alicante (July 7), and with its help the city was captured on September 6.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

From Alicante, Lick headed for the Balearic Islands.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Ibiza Island immediately recognized Charles III, and in Mallorca, the population forced the governor to do the same when Lick threatened to bomb the city of Palma.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allies really wanted to take possession of Minorca, with its excellent harbor Port Magon, but Lick found his amphibious assault assets insufficient to defeat the French garrison there.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On October 4, the Allied Fleet headed home for the winter, leaving 17 British ships under the command of Admiral Bing in Lisbon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After Barcelona's revenue, the war on land was marked by a number of successes for Charles III.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 26, Madrid was captured, and Philip V, together with the French army, retreated to France.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the English Channel, the English Navy participated (June) in the capture of Oostende.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, Charles III's success was short-lived.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

There were too many supporters of Philip in Castile, and when the French army (Duke of Berwick) entered Spain again, Castile rebelled; Charles III had to retreat to Catalonia, Philip V entered October to Madrid, and after the defeat of the Allied forces at Almansa (April 25, 1707), all of Spain, with the exception of Catalonia, was again in the hands of Philip.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In response, the Allies in the 1707 campaign decided to strike in the center of the French location - to take Toulon and, based on it, seize Provence.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1707


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Earl of Galway made a new attempt to take Madrid in the spring of 1707, advancing from Valencia, but Berwick defeated him a crushing defeat at the Battle of Almansa on April 25, capturing 10,000 Englishmen, Valencia opened the gates to the winners, and soon Aragon conquered them - all of Spain, except Catalonia, again passed to Philip.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After that, the war in Spain turned into a series of minor clashes that, on the whole, did not change the overall picture.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1707, the War of the Spanish Succession briefly intersected with the Great Northern War, which was taking place in Northern Europe.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Swedish army of Charles XII arrived in Saxony, where it forced Elector Augustus II to abandon the Polish throne.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French and the anti-French coalition sent their diplomats to Charles's camp.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Louis XIV sought to set Charles up for war with Emperor Joseph I, who supported Augustus.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, Charles, who considered himself a defender of Protestant Europe, did not like Louis much for persecuting the Huguenots and was not interested in waging a Western war.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He signed an agreement with the Austrians and went to Russia.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Duke of Marlborough developed a new plan, which provided for a simultaneous offensive deep into France from Flanders and from Piedmont to Provence to force Louis XIV to make peace.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In June 1707, the 40,000-strong Austrian army crossed the Alps, invaded Provence and besieged Toulon for several months, but the city was well fortified, the siege was unsuccessful.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But in the summer of 1707, the imperial army passed through the Papal States to Naples and captured the entire Kingdom of Naples.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marlboro continued to operate in the Netherlands, where he captured French and Spanish fortresses one after another.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Italy and Southern France


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Italy and southern France, after the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples and the conclusion of an agreement on March 13, 1706 with Medavi, the Allies became the de facto owners of Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Now they planned an invasion of southern France, the defense of which was entrusted to Marshal Tessa summoned from Spain, who deployed troops (43 thousand) throughout the space to cover Dauphine and Provence.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

As for the Allies (44,000), deciding to invade France and intending to seize Toulon, they counted on the support of the Anglo-Dutch fleet, which consists of 108 ships (48 of them warships) was supposed to arrive at the city and contribute to its siege from the sea.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

A significant detachment was left to cover Piedmont.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 1, the Allies began moving from Ivry, Pinerol and Kony and, crossing the Alps along the Tendi Passage, approached Nice on July 10, and on July 26 settled at La Valletta in view of Toulon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Attempts to seize Toulon were unsuccessful, and on August 20, the Allies lifted his siege and retreated to Susa (Prince Eugene), Pinerol and Savigliano (Victor Amadeus).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With the capture of Susa on October 3, the combat operations of 1707 ended, and the troops stood in winter apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Netherlands


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

By early May, Marlboro had concentrated his army (76,000) in the vicinity of Brussels.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Vendome (80,000) was near Mons and on May 26, when Marlboro approached the Suan Forest, moved to Linyi, thus finding himself on the flank of the Anglo-Dutch army, which gave him the opportunity cut her off from Meuse and cut off her communication line with Brabant.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The English commander-in-chief, who expected to attack the French at Nivelle, noticed the danger in time and hastily retreated to Tyrlemont, covering Brabant from the assassinations of Vendome, who was located in fortified camp at Gembloux.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

From June 1 to August 10, the opponents remained idle, but on this last day, Marlboro, who learned of the weakening of Vendome's forces, was forced to send 8,000 people to strengthen the Toulon garrison, crossed the Dil River, intending to bypass the left flank of the French.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On 12 August, Vendome moved to Seneffe and Marlborough to Nivelles.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Then, after a series of useless marches, Vendome retreated to Tournai, and the Allies crossed to the left bank of the Scheldt (September 7) and moved to winter apartments on October 10.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 20, the French did the same.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions on the Rhine


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Alsace and the Rhine, hostilities of 1707 began with the movement on May 21 of Villard's army (44 thousand) in the direction of the fortifications of the Stolgofen lines, occupied by the Imperials (35 thousand) of Count Tungen, who Margrave of Baden, who died on January 4.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thanks to the stealth of the movement and well-chosen points for attacks, the marshal managed to seize the lines with negligible losses on May 23.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Imperials in disarray retreated to Pforzheim where Villars was in a hurry, but did not find the enemy there.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 8, he occupied Stuttgart, crossed the Neckar on June 15 and approached Schorndorf on June 19, and destroyed a 5,000-strong enemy detachment at Loch Abbey on June 20.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But at this time, the marshal received an order from the king to send 6 thousand people to Provence to help Toulon and had to suspend the offensive.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, on June 29, the Imperials captured Heilbronn and moved to Philippsburg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Upon learning about this, Villar (29,000) spoke in Schorndorf on June 28, assigning 7,000 people to Lauter and 2,500 to protect the bridge.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 9, he approached Bruchsal, while imperial troops were in a camp below Philippsburg, at Rheinhausen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Intending to prevent reinforcements from reaching the enemy, the Marshal captured Mannheim (July 14), but did not have time to prevent the Imperials from crossing to the left bank of the Rhine (July 16), between Rheinhausen and Philippsburg, and strengthen yourself with fresh troops.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Under such conditions, Villard had to limit himself to defensive actions, and he retreated to Rastadt (August 29), from where he took the army to winter apartments in late October.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Spain


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain, by the beginning of 1707, Archduke Charles still owned Catalonia, Aragon, and Valencia, with up to 45,000 of his troops and up to 8,000 Portuguese in these provinces.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Philippe of Anjou, who was located in winter apartments in Murcia, had 38 thousand; regardless of this, a detachment of 8,000 was advanced to the Portuguese border, under the command of the Marquis de Baie, and from Navarre French reinforcements (14 thousand) approached.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On March 27, Galway launched an offensive through Fuente la Higuera (33,000).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For his part, Marshal Berwick moved to Almansa on April 11, threatening the operating line of the allies who had meanwhile besieged Villen, where the general battle took place on April 13, which the French call the Battle of Almansa, which ended in the complete defeat of the Allied army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The victory at Almansa confirmed the Spanish crown for Philippe of Anjou.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The day after the battle, Berwick was joined by 14,000 men of the Duke of Orleans, and the pursuit of the enemy began.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Rekvena surrendered on April 21, and opened the gates of Valencia on April 26, after which the Anglo-Dutch army withdrew to Tortosa, where Berwick approached on May 2, while the Duke of Orleans pulled a detachment Legal from Tudela and captured Zaragoza, so Archduke Charles remained in the possession of Catalonia alone.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With the onset of winter, Berwick stationed his army in winter apartments from Zaragoza to Murcia, and the Allies in Barcelona.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Already in January 1707, Admiral Shovel from England went to the Mediterranean Sea and landed 7,000 troops in Alicante to help Charles III; but after that he had to return to Lisbon, as his fleet was far from was ready for a long voyage in the Mediterranean Sea, away from the base.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On April 10, Admiral Bing was expelled from Lisbon with a ready part of the fleet and with further reinforcements to the eastern coast of Spain.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Alicante, he learned of the defeat of Charles III at Almansa and that the remnants of the defeated army had retreated to Tortosa.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

So he crossed to the Catalan coast, collected these remnants at various points on the coast, and, together with new reinforcements, delivered them to Barcelona on May 20.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Soon Shovel arrived here as well.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 4, the Allied Fleet headed for the shores of the north.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Italy to ensure the safe movement of the Austrian army of Prince Eugene along this coast to Toulon and a communication line with its bases - Genoa and Livorno.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In mid-June, the fleet entered into contact with the army, and on July 11, with its help, the army freely crossed the border river Var.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 29, Toulon was besieged from land and sea, but by August 22 it turned out that there was no hope of seizing it and the Austrian army retreated to northern Italy, with the fleet again accompanying it along the coast.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The main reason for the failure was the small size of the siege army, and this was because the Austrian emperor separated a significant part of the army to capture Naples, as peaceful negotiations, and he wanted to actually take over Naples by this point.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

England and Holland convinced him that Naples would be in his hands by itself if he managed to seize Provence, but the emperor remained with his own.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The only result of the attack on Toulon was that the French, fearing the destruction of their fleet during the bombing, flooded it, and then managed to bring only a small part of it to suitable for further service.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At the end of joint operations with the Austrian army, the Allied Fleet went home, leaving 12 British and 6 Dutch ships in Gibraltar, under the command of Rear Admiral Dilk, who, from Barcelona troops to Livorno, moved to Lisbon (March 24, 1708).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the way back, a catastrophe broke out over Shovel's squadron, which sailors constantly feared when returning late autumn from the Mediterranean Sea.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At the entrance to the English Channel, the squadron was caught in a brutal storm, killing four battleships and, washed ashore after the crash, Admiral Shovel himself was killed by robbers.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1708


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1708, the Marlborough army faced the French, who experienced serious problems with their commanders: the Duke of Burgundy (grandson of Louis XIV) and the Duke of Vendome often did not find a common language and accepted short-sighted decisions.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The indecision of the Duke of Burgundy led the troops of Marlborough and Eugene to reunite, allowing the Allied army to crush the French at the Battle of Oudenaarde on May 11, 1708, and then capture Brugge, Ghent, Lille.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The English fleet, meanwhile, forced Sicily and Sardinia to recognize the power of the Habsburgs; on September 5, 1708, the British took the fortress of Port Magon on the island of Menorca, where the French garrison.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

From that moment on, England has become the strongest power in the Mediterranean Sea.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Austrians almost simultaneously dealt a heavy defeat to the Hungarian rebels in the Battle of Trencin; since the new Emperor Joseph I easily amnestied the rebels and tolerated Protestants, Hungarians began to go over to the side of the Habsburgs by the masses.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The catastrophic failures at Oudenaard and Lille put France on the brink of defeat and forced Louis XIV to agree to peace negotiations; he sent his foreign minister, the Marquis de Torcy, to meeting with Allied commanders in The Hague.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Louis agreed to give Spain and all its territories to the Allies, with the exception of Naples and Sicily, to expel the Old Challenger from France and recognize Anna as Queen of England.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Moreover, he was ready to finance the expulsion of Philip V from Spain.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, the Allies put forward even more humiliating conditions for France: they demanded the ceding of French possessions in the West Indies and South America, and insisted that Louis XIV send an army to the removal of his own grandson from the throne.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Louis rejected all conditions and decided to fight to the end.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He turned to the French people for help, and his army was replenished with thousands of new recruits.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in Flanders and Alsace


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In mid-April 1708, the French army (90,000) concentrated on Mons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The forces of the Anglo-Dutch army, which was pulling together to Brussels, reached 85 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Rhine, near Strasbourg, the French had 53 thousand, and the Imperials, with the army of Prince Eugene (at Etlingen), up to 60 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign began with the movement of Marlboro troops to Mons (May 26) and the Vendome march to the Xuan Forest.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 1, the French army stood 12 kilometers from the left flank of the enemy, and Vendome intended to bypass it, when the English commander hurried to retreat to Louvain (June 3).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Both hostile armies remained in this situation for a month without active action.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the Imperials, under the command of the Elector of Hanover, who were in a fortified camp in Etlingen, had in front of them the troops of Maximilian of Bavaria and Berwick expelled from Spain, who were standing by Lichtenar.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Not wanting to allow the imperial army to join with the reinforcements standing at Mainz, Marshal Berwick, having sent part of the army to Saarland, and part to Lauter, with the rest (35 thousand) camped in Resnik on Moselle, watching the movements of the Elector of Hanover.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, this circumstance did not prevent Prince Eugene from joining his troops with the Imperials in Koblenz on June 22 and on the same day to go to Flanders to join the Marlboro army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 4, the Duke of Burgundy, who held the rank of commander-in-chief of the royal troops in Flanders, addressed Ghent, on July 5, Ghent was captured by a surprise attack, and the detachment of the Count de Lamotte captured the city of Bruges.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Since then, the Prince of Burgundy's intentions had the sole purpose of preserving the seats won, and this goal determined all his further movements.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On June 6, he stood between Alost and Ofdegem, while covering Ghent.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the same day, Marlboro went to Ghent and settled at Ash, where he joined Prince Eugene, after which the Allies moved to Oudenard, where the battle took place, which ended in the defeat of the French an army that, in frustration, retreated to Ghent.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After the Battle of Udenard, Vendome fortified behind the Bruges Canal at Lovendegem, where he began to organize and reorganize the army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Finally, the Allies decided to besiege the fortress of Lille, where Marshal Buffler locked himself with a 16,000-strong garrison.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Eugene (about 40,000) began a siege on August 14, while Marlboro (15,000) covered it, setting up a fortified camp near Gelkhin and watching Berwick, who was at Conde and striving for to join the Vendome army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 28, Berwick arrived in Enghien and joined Vendome without hindrance; the French armies reached 35,000.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, the intervention of Minister of War Shamillar in the course of the combat operation led to the fact that the French could not force the enemy to lift the siege of Lille.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On December 8, the fortress fell.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On December 30, Ghent surrendered, defending De Lamotte.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Nothing outstanding happened in Alsace during this time, because the forces left here were insignificant for any serious combat operations.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Alps


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Alpine borders, French forces reached 39,000, of which 17,000 were scattered in garrisons, so that when starting the campaign, Marshal Villars could have only 22,000 to cover everything spaces from Geneva to Nice.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The army of Victor Amadeus of Savoy (up to 40 thousand) was near Turin.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 20, the Savoy attacked French troops stationed at Mont Cenis and Little Saint-Bernard, which, after stubborn resistance, retreated to Barrot, but Villars, strengthened by reinforcements, moved to offensive (27 August) and drove the Savoy back to Fenestrella.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, this minor success did not have any special consequences and did not even prevent Victor Amedeus from forcing Fenestrella to surrender (September 3), despite Villard's best efforts to save the fortress.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Spain


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain, the Allied forces by the beginning of 1708 were completely separated, since one part of their troops had Portugal as its base, and the other, with Archduke Charles at the head, Catalonia and several fortresses ( Tortosa, Alicante, Urgel).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The number of troops did not exceed 11 thousand in Portugal (near Alsace) and 20 thousand in the vicinity of Barcelona, under the command of Count Staremberg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In order to finally expel the allies from the Iberian Peninsula, Philippe of Anjou sent the Duke of Orleans to Tortosa in May, the siege began on June 12, and on June 15 this fortress surrendered.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This was the only result of the 1708 campaign on the Iberian Peninsula that did not change the situation of either side.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The need for a convenient base in the Mediterranean Sea was imperative.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

As such, Minorca was planned, with its excellent harbor, Port Magon.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1708, the Allied Fleet, which operated in the Mediterranean Sea under the command of Admiral Lick, consisted of only 31 ships, as there was nothing to fear from the French fleet, and therefore a significant part naval forces were left in the north to fight against French trade fighters.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Lika's squadron actively supported operations on the dry track, constantly transporting troops, if necessary, either to Spain or northern Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 22, it was possible to capture 67 of the 100 coastal merchant francs.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

ships carrying supplies to the French army operating in Spain, which had an extremely beneficial effect on the operations of Charles III.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

According to the latter's instructions that it is desirable to seize Sardinia as a food base, Lik appeared in front of Calliari on August 12, and, under threat of bombing, the governor, forced to do so by the population, recognized the authority of Charles III, which was later recognized by the entire island.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After that, Leake, together with General Stanhope, attacked Port Magon, and on September 29, Minorca was at the mercy of the allies.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The main forces of Lik did not wait for the capture of the fortress and went home, leaving 12 British and 3 Dutch battleships, 5 frigates and 3 mortar ships, under command to assist the ground forces Rear Admiral Whitaker.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But this squadron in Port Magon failed to overwinter this year, due to the lack of appropriately equipped coastal institutions for repairing and supplying the fleet.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the north, the French this year attempted to raise an uprising in Scotland, in favor of James III, landing him there with 6,000 French troops.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Due to the complete decline of the regular fleet, Admiral Count Forben, who was supposed to escort transports with troops, had only 5 warships, and the rest of the escorts were privateers.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Rumors came to England about the plans of the French, and on March 12, Admiral Bing was already near Dunkirchen, from where the expedition was supposed to leave.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the night of March 19, when it was thrown by a storm to Downs, the expedition left, and reached Fort Bay safely, but it turned out that there was no hope for an uprising of the Scots and ready on the shore repel the disembarkation by force.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Bing, meanwhile, was already following Forben, who, hearing of his approach, went to sea on March 23 in front of Bing's eyes.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Despite the vigorous pursuit, Forben managed to deceive the British by clever changes in the direction of the road at night and get to Dunkirchen with the loss of only one ship.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1709


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1709, the Allies attempted three offensives against France, two of which were minor, serving as a distraction.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

A more serious offensive was organized by Marlboro and Eugene, who were advancing towards Paris.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

They clashed with the troops of the Duke of Villard at the Battle of Malplac (September 11, 1709), the bloodiest battle of the war.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Although the Allies defeated the French, they lost thirty thousand people killed and wounded, and their opponents only fourteen thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Mons fell into the hands of the combined army, but it could not build on its success.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The battle was a turning point in the war, because, despite the victory, the Allies did not have the strength to continue the offensive due to huge losses.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Nevertheless, the general situation of the Franco-Spanish coalition seemed hopeless: Louis XIV was forced to withdraw French troops from Spain, and Philip V was left only with a weak Spanish army against joint coalition forces.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in Flanders and Alsace


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

With the beginning of the campaign, Marshal Villars (60,000) was sent to Flanders to block access to France.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Having received reinforcements that brought his forces to 80 thousand, on June 14, the marshal moved to Lance and strengthened him.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, the Allies besieged Tournai (June 26).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Their strength reached: Eugene had up to 51,000, Marlboro had 79,000, that is, 50,000 more than Villard's forces.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 3, Tournai fell, and on September 4, the Allies moved to Mons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After learning of the Allies crossing the Scheldt and moving towards Mons, Villard also crossed the river in order to attack the Allied army as it moved to Mons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 9, the French army stationed at Malplac, where a battle took place on September 11, 1709, which ended in the defeat of the French, who retreated to Valencienne.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allies have moved to Mons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 24, the siege of the fortress began, and on October 20, it surrendered.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Buffler, who replaced the wounded Villard, was stationed between Valenciennes and Canet with 46,000, and Berwick, with 35,000, took a position on the other side of Sambra, in a fortified camp against Maubeuge.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On October 28, the Allies dispersed to winter apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Alsace near Strasbourg, there were French troops (24,000) of Marshal Garcourt, who crossed the Rhine at Kehl on June 11, but on June 26 crossed back to the left bank, crowded by the Duke Hanover, which gathered 33 thousand people at Ettlingen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 26, a detachment of imperial troops of General Mercy (10 thousand) came across the French rear guard (about 6 thousand) of the Count of Burg near Neuburg, where the Imperials were defeated.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Alps


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Alpine borders, the French army of Berwick (45 thousand) was in Briançon, Provence and Valloire.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allies, with 40 thousand, launched an offensive on July 11 in 3 columns, but after several clashes, without achieving significant results, returned to Piedmont in September.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Spain


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain, the outbreak of hostilities in 1709 was marked by the capture of Alicante (April 20); on May 7, the Marquis de Baie, standing near Badajoz, attacked the Anglo-Portuguese army of Galway even after a stubborn battle at Gudina defeated her; however, it was not possible to build on the success, and the French withdrew to Badajoz.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Catalonia, hostilities continued until the end of September, limited to minor clashes.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions at sea


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1709-1712, the Allied Fleet did not have to participate in any major affairs, due to the lack of significant naval force from the enemy, as well as due to the fact that all important goals were achieved ( Gibraltar, Minorca, Sardinia) and now it was only necessary to keep the occupied position.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Divided into detachments, which was not dangerous due to the weakness of the enemy at sea, the Allied Fleet helped ground operations everywhere, maintained communication between the armies in Spain and Italy, and drove food for them and prevented the French from using sea transportation.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, sometimes the latter managed to deceive the vigilance of the allies.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For example, Captain Cassar managed to bring caravans of bread to Marseille in 1709, 1710 and 1711, which was important, as France had a poor harvest these years.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1712, he managed to escape from the Mediterranean Sea to the West Indies and ravaged some of the English and Dutch colonies.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, attempts by the Allies to establish themselves on French territory failed.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In July 1710, they managed to seize the port of Zetta, but they could not stay here.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Due to the weakness of the French at sea, the number of the Allied squadron in the Mediterranean was decreasing, and they could leave large forces to fight trade fighters in the English Channel and the North after which the success of French privateers began to fall rapidly, despite their large number, as the French government gave all warships, personnel and port facilities for this purpose.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

French maritime trade was supposed to stop altogether, and the French fleet also completely died in this struggle.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the part of the French, several officers stood out in this struggle, who performed a number of brilliant and sometimes amazing feats, but these private successes could not balance the overall success at sea of the allied fleet.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

These were Captains Forbin, Saint Paul, Duguet-Troin, Cassard and Admiral Du Cass.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1710


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1710, the Allies began their last campaign in Spain, with Karl Habsburg's army under the command of James Stanhope marching from Barcelona to Madrid.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 10, the British attacked Almenara and, after a fierce battle, defeated the Spaniards; only the night that came saved the army of Philip V from complete destruction.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On August 20, the Battle of Zaragoza took place between 25,000 Spaniards and 23,000 allies (Austrians, British, Dutch, Portuguese).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the right flank, the Portuguese retreated, but the center and left flank survived and defeated the opponent.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Philip's defeat seemed final; he fled to Madrid, and a few days later moved his residence to Valladolid.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Charles Habsburg occupied Madrid for the second time, but most of the nobility went for the “legitimate” Philip V to Valladolid, and the people almost openly showed ill-will.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Charles's position was very fragile, his army suffered from hunger; Louis XIV advised his grandson to abandon the throne, but Philip did not agree, and soon Charles retreated from Madrid, as he could not collect there's food for your army.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

A new army arrived from France; in pursuit of the retreating, on December 9, 1710, at Brihuega, Vendome forced an English detachment to surrender, which ran out of ammunition, and General Stanhope was captured.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Almost all of Spain came under the rule of Philip V, Charles retained only Barcelona and Tortosa with part of Catalonia.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The alliance began to weaken and disintegrate.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in Flanders and Alsace


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The fighting in Flanders in 1710 began on April 23 by the imposition by the Allied armies of the fortress of Douai, in which the 8-thousandth garrison Albergotti locked up.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French army (about 75 thousand) was at Cambrai, where Marshal Villars, who had recovered from his wounds, arrived on May 20.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The numerical superiority of the allies (160 thousand) was so great that the Marshal could not count on the success of the battle, so he set himself the goal of distracting the enemy from the fortresses besieged by him; They gradually surrendered: Douai on June 27, Bethune (near Arras) on August 28, Saint-Venant on September 29, and Era on November 8.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After the fall of the Era, the Allies dispersed to winter apartments, and the French followed suit.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Nothing important happened in Alsace during this period of time.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marshal Bezon, who commanded the French army there (50 battalions and 84 squadrons), did not leave the fortified camp on Lauter, as did his opponent, Imperial General Grofeld, who buried himself in the trenches Ettlingen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Both sides stood in positions in complete inaction until November 19, when they went to winter apartments.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Alps


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Alpine borders, Marshal Berwick continued to wage a defensive war with 35 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Allies, after a failed attempt to launch an offensive on Como in July, despite the assistance of the British landing, returned to Piedmont again.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Upon their removal, Berwick immediately took possession of the abandoned positions.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Spain


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain, of all the troops of Philippe of Anjou, 2 armies were made up: one (40 battalions and 66 squadrons) was intended for operations in Catalonia; the other (20 battalions and 50 squadrons) in Extremadura; relying on forces stationed in Andalusia (14 battalions and 15 squadrons), the rest of the troops were stationed in Valencia.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The actual Spanish army of Villadarias (23 thousand) was located between Almenara and Alguera.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Count Staremberg, approaching Balaguer, had only 15 thousand infantry and 3.5 thousand cavalry.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Hoping for numerical superiority, Philip and the Marquis of Villadarias decided to attack the Imperials.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On 10 June, after crossing Segra at Lleida, they moved to Balaguer, near which, in a fortified camp, Staremberg's troops stood.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Finding a very strong position, Villadarias did not dare to attack and retreated to Almenara.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Staremberg, having received reinforcements, went on the offensive and defeated the French at Almenara (June 27).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, the Imperials did not develop success, and only on August 12 Staremberg with 24 thousand went to Zaragoza, where the Spanish-French army approached on August 19.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Here, the French, attacked on August 20 by Staremberg, suffered a new defeat.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On 16 September, General Vendome arrived in Valladolid, under which the war in the Iberian Peninsula took a different turn.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Ordering de Bae to immediately move to Extremadura to block the road to Spain from the Anglo-Portuguese army stationed at Elvas, the Marshal concentrated the rest of his forces in Salamanca.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Busy with the organization and reorganization of the army, Vendome could not immediately oppose the allies; therefore, by separating the Portuguese from the Imperials, he took care to cut off the latter from communications with Zaragoza, as by sending cavalry to their communication line, and by mastering the rear points occupied by the Imperials.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He achieved the point where he cut Madrid off from the rest of the country, starving the capital.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

His strength grew more and more.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, Archduke Charles was forced to leave Madrid, but due to weakness of strength, not daring to meet with Vendome, decided to look for connections with the Portuguese, for which he crossed Tajo on November 12 and is located between Toledo and Aranjuez.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But the impossibility of joining the Anglo-Portuguese army was so obvious that Count Staremberg decided to withdraw to Aragon and left Toledo on November 29.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At this time, Vendome received news that General Stanhope's detachment had been advanced to Brigueta (northeast of Madrid).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On December 9, Vendome attacked the enemy and after a battle that lasted all day, the British general surrendered to surrender with 3,400 people, a wagon train and artillery, leaving about 6 thousand killed on the battlefield and injured.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The losses of the French are about 1.5 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The next day, under Villa Vicios, Vendome attacked Count Staremberg, who was in a hurry to rescue Stanhope, and after a stubborn and bloody battle defeated him.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On December 23, Count Staremberg arrived in Zaragoza, from where he moved to winter apartments in Catalonia.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1711


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In all theaters of war, the warring parties did not take any decisive action, limiting themselves to marches and minor clashes.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Duke of Marlborough lost his political influence in London, falling out of favor due to a quarrel between his wife and Queen Anne.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Moreover, the Whigs who supported the hostilities were replaced by the Tories, supporters of peace.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Marlboro, the only capable English military leader, was recalled to Great Britain in 1711 and replaced by the Duke of Ormond.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After the sudden death of his older brother Joseph (April 17, 1711), Archduke Charles, who was still in Barcelona, was proclaimed Holy Roman Emperor under the name Charles VI.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This meant that in the event of the victory of the Austrians, the Catholic empire of Charles V would be revived, which did not suit either the British or the Dutch at all.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The British began secret unilateral negotiations with the Marquis de Torcy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Duke of Ormond withdrew British troops from the Allied Army, and the French, under Villard's command, were able to reclaim many of the lost territories in 1712.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1712


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 24, 1712, Marshal Villars defeated the Allies at the Battle of Denin, Eugene of Savoy could not save the day.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

After that, the Allies abandoned plans to attack Paris, and Eugene began to withdraw troops from the Spanish Netherlands.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 11, 1712, the French fleet, which had not been active for a long time, attacked Rio de Janeiro, took a large contribution from the city and safely returned to Europe.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in Flanders and Alsace


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

By April 10, the French army (93,000) was stationed behind Scarpa, and Eugene's army (133,000) - between Douai and Bouchin.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Meanwhile, with the death of Joseph I and the change of the English Ministry, the political situation of Western Europe changed significantly, and the statesmen of England, sharing public opinion, spoke out against the war, finding that with the accession to the throne of Charles VI, it was no longer France, but Austria that threatened the political balance of Europe.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Under these conditions and in connection with the resignation of the removed Duke of Marlborough, a supporter of war, the British government entered into negotiations with France and came to an agreement with it — convene a congress in Utrecht.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

These negotiations led to the fact that the Duke of Ormond, who commanded the British troops, was given a secret order to limit himself to defensive actions, and then completely stop acting against France, about which the Versailles cabinet did not hesitate to inform Marshal Villard.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, from now on, the entire burden of the war had to fall on Austria alone, which tried in vain to prevent universal reconciliation.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But if this was the intention of the Viennese cabinet, then Prince Eugene would have to hurry to deliver a decisive blow, preventing the enemy from strengthening.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But the Austrian commander got involved in the serfdom war and on June 8 overlaid Kenua, who fell on July 3.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On July 17, Prince Eugene began the siege of Landresi, intending to open a passage into the space between Scheldt and Sambra and then the adjacent Oise Valley to move directly to Paris.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Villars, who was ordered to limit himself to maneuvers until the separation of the British from the allies, stood behind Scheldoy all the time in inaction.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The capture of Quenua and the beginning of the siege of Landrezi worried the French government, and Villard was ordered to act decisively, while trying to prevent the fall of Landresi.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The brilliant success of the French commander was expressed in the so-called Denain operation (July 24), which saved Paris from the invasion of Eugene and forced the latter to lift the siege of Landresi and retreat through Mons to Tournai and from there to Brussels.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Taking advantage of the success that raised the spirit of the French army, Villars sent Albergotti to besiege Douai (August 14).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On September 8, the fortress surrendered, and on the same day, the detachment of Saint-Fremont closely overlaid Kenua, which surrendered on October 4, and on October 19, Bouchin fell.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions on the Rhine


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Rhine, both hostile armies still stood against each other: the imperial (30,000) - in the fortified lines of Ettlingen, the army of Garkur (26,000) - in the fortified camp on Lauter.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

There were no decisive actions on either side.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Activities in the Alps


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Alpine borders, peace negotiations could not but affect the hostilities that this year began with the movement of troops of Marshal Berwick (22 thousand) on July 12 to the valley of Barceloneta and Duranza.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Duke of Savoy (35 thousand) moved towards him to Fenestrella, but it did not come to a decisive battle, and after a series of maneuvers, Berwick moved to Scianal, where he moved his main apartment, and the Savoies to Susa.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions in Spain


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain, in 1712, the French suffered a major loss in the face of the gifted Vendome, who died on June 11 in Tortosa.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

His death came in handy for Staremberg, who, having received reinforcements from Italy, launched an offensive against Balaguer on July 29, separating the 9-thousandth detachment for the siege of Herona, but the separation England from the Union and the withdrawal of British troops under his command weakened his strength so much that he retreated to his fortified camp.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, he did not abandon the attempts on Gerona and on November 1 besieged her by General Wetzel's corps.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

When French auxiliary troops approached Herona on January 3, 1713, threatening Barcelona, Staremberg lifted the siege and retreated to his camp.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The campaign of 1713—1714


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Peace negotiations between the British-Dutch allies and France took place in 1713 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht, according to which Great Britain and Holland withdrew from the war with France.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Actions on the Rhine


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On the Rhine, during this period of time, the command of the imperial-Austrian troops passed to Prince Eugene of Savoy, whose forces, with the addition of German contingents, were to increase to 110 thousand.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

His main apartment was in Ettlingen.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The French army on the Rhine was in two groups: one, under the command of Bezon (25 thousand), was located in the Saarland, and the other, led by Garkur (105 thousand), near Strasbourg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But Garkura was soon succeeded by Villars, who besieged Landau on June 11.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Despite the efforts of Prince Eugene, who stood in his fortified lines, to prevent the fall of the fortress, the latter surrendered on August 20.