Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

As a result, the Agency sent 47 to release him on several occasions.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

The experience of torture led him to start drinking at work, which made him even more ineffective.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Smith is close to the caricature type of characters present in the Hitman series.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Like 47, Agent Smith disguises himself in a lot of clothes, but most often he is beaten and stripped to underpants with the American flag.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Apparently, he treats 47 as a friend because 47 saved him many times.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Of course, this feeling is not reciprocated.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

47 initially sees the relationship with Agent Smith as remote and businesslike, but after he has to save Smith again and again, he increasingly sees him as a useless barrier.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

In Hitman: Blood Money 47 even puts a gun to his head and, apparently, is going to kill him, but later Smith manages to pay off by offering a very profitable task from the government.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Despite his incompetence and association with the dubious Agency, Agent Smith seems to retain a large share of patriotism.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Even after the Agency is almost destroyed, Smith hires 47 for his own money to prevent Franchise from assassinating the President of the United States.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Themes and motivations


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Style


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

The Hitman series uses a clearly defined style, different in every next game in the series.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

The main menu always depicts the whole mood and style of play (for example, in Contracts, 47 appears sitting by the window on a chair in a dark room, hinting at the gloomy tone of the game and a kind of doomed state hero).


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

The color scheme for missions in different countries also varies: in Russia, for example, white and gray shades are used, and in Europe, muted tones are used.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Notable is the non-linear presentation of the story in the series, noticeable in Hitman Contracts and Hitman Blood Money, when the next game explains the events that took place in the previous one.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

For more information, see the series timeline and the Contracts relationship with Blood Money.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

White color


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

In every game in the series, white has a special place.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Before Hitman: Contracts, the death of 47 was depicted against a white background, which he flooded with his blood.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

In each game, important moments in the plot are shown in white; in the first three games, important twists of the story were shown against a white background (such as the death of Ort-Mayer or Sergei Zavorotko), Hitman: Blood Money, at the very end, 47 was wearing a white suit.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Red color


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

In the last two games of the series, red has become the main “theme” color.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

In Hitman (2016), it is the main color of the game menu.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Obviously means bloody 47's work, or just blood.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Logo


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

47 has its own personal symbol, which is a modified fleur-de-lys, which was also a symbol of the Ort Mayer Psychiatric Hospital.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

This symbol was used for the Foreign Legion Department.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

It is likely that the symbol is a stylized “H”, that is, Hitman.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Fleur-de-lys, or lily, is also a flower commonly associated with death.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

This symbol is engraved on 47 pistols, his laptop and his case in which he carries a sniper rifle.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

There are versions that if you look at this sign upside down, you can distinguish the number 47 — the last two digits of Agent's personal identifier 47 (640509-040147).


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

There is also a version that this logo depicts a spider hanging on a web as a symbol of a prudent and silent hunter, that is, an assassin.


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Movies


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

TV series


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

In November 2017, it became known that Hulu streaming service would shoot a series based on the Hitman series, written by Derek Kolstad, creator of the John Wick film series [17].


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Reviews and critics


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Notes


Question: How many characters in the Hitman series are there in April 2019?

Hitman franchise

Category:Hitman


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Far from Moscow is a Soviet feature film directed by Alexander Stolper, based on the book of the same name by Vasily Azhaev in 1950 at the Mosfilm studio.


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

The plot


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

A film about heroic work during the construction of an oil pipeline in the Far East at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Construction is underway in the Siberian taiga, young specialist guys are eager to go to the front, while performing labor feats in the rear.


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Cast


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Nikolay Okhlopkov — Vasily Maksimovich Batmanov, Oil Pipeline Construction Manager,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Pavel Kadochnikov — Alexey Nikolaevich Kovshov, Deputy Chief Civil Engineer (Stalin Prize I degree in 1951 for this role)


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Valerian Kvachadze — Georgy Davydovich Beridze, Chief Construction Engineer,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Grigory Kirillov — Pyotr Efimovich Grubsky, author of the pipeline project,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Sergey Stolyarov — Alexander Ivanovich Rogov, head of the construction site (Stalin Prize of the 1st degree in 1951 for this role),


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Lev Sverdlin — Mikhail Borisovich Zalkind, Secretary of the City Committee and Party Leader of Construction (Stalin Prize I degree in 1951 for this role),


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Mark Bernes — Umara-Magomet, welder (Stalin Prize I degree in 1951 for this role),


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Alexander Khanov — Kuzma Kuzmich Topolev, co-author of the pipeline project, “grandfather”,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Stepan Krylov — Solntsev, driver,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Viktor Bubnov — Karpov, chairman of the collective farm,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Leonid Kmit — Makhov, driver,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Tatyana Makhova — Tatyana Petrovna Vasilchenko, Communications Engineer,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Ivetta Kiselyova — Zhenya Kozlova, “a good economist”


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Vladimir Solovyov — Efimov, Section Supervisor


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

P. Ivanov — Genka Pankov, a working teenager,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Pavel Olenev — Merzlyakov, demoralized head of the section on the strait,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Vladimir Vladislavsky — Liberman, supplier,


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Alexander Khvylya — Pisarev, Commissioner of the Defense Committee and Secretary of the Regional Committee of the Party in Rubezhansk (not credited)


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Sergey Gurzo — Petya Gudkin, designer


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Evgeny Kaluzhsky — episode (not credited)


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Georgy Chernovolenko — Fursov, designer (not in credits)


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Lyubov Sokolova — Olga Fedorovna, Doctor (not credited)


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Kirill Zashibin — episode


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Lev Frichinsky — an episode


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Roza Makagonova — Zhenya (not credited),


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Alexandra Panova — Batmanov's secretary (not credited),


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Viktor Klyucharev — Secretary of the Regional Committee (not in the credits),


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Vera Burlakova — Komsomol member


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Ivan Pereverzev — Engineer (not credited)


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Vsevolod Safonov participated in the meeting (not credited)


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Yuri Tymoshenko — telegraph operator


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Cameraman Yolanda Chen was awarded the Stalin Prize of the First Class (1951) for his film Far from Moscow (1950).


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

References


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

(in English)


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Category:Soviet drama films


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Soviet films of 1950


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Category:Mosfilm films


Question: How far is Taiga from Moscow?

Far from Moscow

Category:Films based on works by Vasily Azhaev


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

- Prince Minamoto, diplomat and military leader, founder of the Tokugawa Shogun Dynasty.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A close associate and follower of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who completed the creation of a centralized feudal state in Japan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Names


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu is also known as:


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Matsudaira Takechyo (Japanese:) - baby name;


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Matsudaira Motonobu (Japanese:) is a name received after coming of age ceremony in 1556;


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Matsudaira Motoyasu (Japanese:) is the name given by suzerain Imagawa Yoshimoto;


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Matsudaira Ieyasu (Japanese:) is a name adopted as a sign of independence from the Imagawa family in 1562;


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu (Japanese:) is a name adopted in 1567;


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tosho-Daigongen (Japanese:) - posthumous divine name “The Great Savior God Who Illuminated the East”


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Brief information


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu was born in 1543 and came from a small samurai family Matsudaira, which owned part of land in Mikawa Province (present-day Aichi Prefecture).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He spent his childhood as a political hostage to neighboring rulers who used the weak Matsudaira in their political games.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

After the Battle of Okehazama (1560), Ieyasu rebelled against his suzerain, the Imagawa family, and made an alliance with his enemy, Oda Nobunaga (1562).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In the 1560-1580s, Tokugawa managed to expand its possessions eastward to Suruga Province (modern Shizuoka Prefecture) and create a powerful military-economic base for the implementation of the plan for the unification of Japan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

After the death of Oda Nobunaga in 1582, Ieyasu fought for his inheritance, but lost it to Toyotomi Hideyoshi and recognized himself as a vassal of the latter (1586).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa ancestral lands were confiscated in replacement for new ones in the Kanto region, centered at Edo Castle (modern. Tokyo).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

After Toyotomi's death, Hideyoshi Ieyasu took advantage of internal strife in his family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He led a radical military group of Toyotomi vassals, and at the Battle of Sekigahara (1600) he eliminated the think tank of a hostile family — administrators and civilian officials led by Ishida Mitsunari.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In two Osaka campaigns (1614, 1615), Tokugawa managed to finally eliminate Toyotomi and unite the country.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1603, Ieyasu received the title of shogun and founded the third samurai government, the shogunate in Edo, which existed in Japan until 1868.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

After giving the Japanese long-awaited peace and stability, Tokugawa died in 1616.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Young years


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu was born on January 31, 1543 (Tembun 11) at four o'clock in the morning at Okazaki Castle.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

His father, Matsudaira Hirotada, was the eighth head of the Matsudaira and daimyo family in Mikawa Province (present-day Aichi Prefecture).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The lands of this kind were sandwiched between the possessions of aggressive neighbors who constantly fought with each other, so disputes over the election of an ally did not cease in the Matsudaira family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Some vassals sought to be with their western neighbor Oda Nobuhide, and others advocated joining Imagawa Yoshimoto in the east.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

At one time, the grandfather of young Ieyasu, Matsudaira Kiyoyasu (1511—1536), was the victim of these quarrels and was stabbed to death by his own vassals for trying to get close to the Oda family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

His successor, the father of the newborn, was more careful and followed the will of the majority, which sympathized with Imagawa.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu's mother came from a family that traditionally supported Western neighbors, so when most of Matsudaira's vassals spoke in favor of the Eastern rulers in 1545, she was expelled from the residence.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1548, Oda's army attacked the lands of the Matsudaira family and they asked Imagawa Yoshimoto for military assistance.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The latter agreed on the condition that the minor Ieyasu was handed over hostage to his citadel.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Such an action would mean recognition by the petitioner of the Imagawa Protectorate.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

There was no way out, and Matsudaira agreed.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, Oda Nobuhide learned about the intentions of the enemy and kidnapped six-year-old Ieyasu with the help of his agents.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Oda planned to quarrel between Matsudaira and Imagawa.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, the father of the young hostage decided to sacrifice his son for his own safety.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Nobuhide's plan failed.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

But he decided to use Ieyasu later and imprisoned him in Manshoji Monastery in Nagoya, where he held him for three years.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

During this time, the future shogun became friends with the son of his kidnapper, Oda Nobunaga.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Matsudaira Hirotada, father of Ieyasu, died in 1549.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He was stabbed to death by his own guard.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Matsudaira was headless.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Their protector Imagawa Yoshimoto sent his general to their residence, who was appointed castellan there.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He promised to snatch Ieyasu from Oda and make him the new head of the family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

This opportunity came three years later, when Oda Nobuhide died of an ulcer and his family was overwhelmed by internal strife.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Imagawa troops stormed the enemy border castle, where they captured the son of the late Nobuhide alive.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Opponents agreed to exchange the latter for nine-year-old Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The vassals of the Matsudaira family were very happy about the return of the new owner, but Imagawa Yoshimoto disappointed their expectations by taking Ieyasu to his own in Sunpu City.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In fact, he became a political hostage again.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

During Ieyasu's stay in Sumpu, Imagawa planned to turn him into a loyal vassal, eliminating the formal autonomy of his possessions.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1556, Imagawa Yoshimoto became his adoptive father, holding a coming of age ceremony for the young hostage.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu was named Matsudaira Jiro Motonobu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The following year, his de facto suzerain forced him to marry his niece and gave him a new name, Motoyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A year later, Imagawa entrusted Ieyasu with troops, with which he successfully won his first battle, capturing Terabe Castle on the western border.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The years of the future shogun's stay in Sumpu were not “a period of suffering and anguish”.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Although he went there as a hostage, Imagawa treated him like a family member.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu received the best education by standards of the time from strategist Ohara Yusai, and, through marriage, became a relative of Imagawa Yoshimoto.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In alliance with Oda Nobunaga


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1560 (Eiroku 3), Imagawa Yoshimoto moved west with a huge army and invaded the lands of Oda Nobunaga.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu's detachments formed the vanguard of the aggressors.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He captured the enemy Odaka Castle and a number of border forts in which he deployed his forces.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu expected further instructions from the commander-in-chief, but did not wait.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He received an urgent message that his suzerain Imagawa Yoshimoto was killed by a lightning attack by Oda's Guards at the Battle of Okehazama.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

This death was the reason for Ieyasu to declare independence.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He managed to safely get his wife and son out of Sunpu and capture Okazaki's ancestral castle.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1561, Ieyasu openly opposed Imagawa, storming one of their forts.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The next, in 1562 (Eiroku 5), he made an alliance with Oda Nobunaga, according to which he promised to fight enemies in the east.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A year later, as a sign of a complete break with the Imagawa family, he changed his name to Matsudaira Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu's first priority was to create his own administration and restore the economy in Mikawa Province (present-day Aichi Prefecture).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, he was prevented by Buddhist communities that did not want to recognize his authority.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The war with them lasted from 1564 to 1566 and ended with the complete victory of Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

After uniting the lands of the province, he received the title Mikawa no kami (Defender of Mikawa) from the imperial court and changed his surname to Tokugawa, descendants of the ancient Minamoto family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1568 (Eiroku 11), Ieyasu made an alliance with his northern neighbor, the Takeda family, against the Imagawa family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In the same year, he took part in Oda Nobunaga's campaign to Kyoto and helped Ashikaga Yoshiaki take the position of shogun.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1570 (Genki 1), Tokugawa was able to capture most of Totomi Province (present-day Shizuoka Prefecture), which belonged to the Imagawa family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The latter capitulated to the winner and fled the Japanese political map.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa moved his residence to the new estate by building a castle in the Hamamatsu site.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Despite internal problems, he personally, along with two-thirds of the existing army, went to the aid of Ode Nobunaga and defeated the forces of Asakura and Azai at the Battle of Anegawa.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The war with the Takeda family


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

By 1569 (Eiroku 11), Ieyasu was allied with the chairman of the Takeda family, Takeda Shingen.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

They jointly divided the Imagawa family possessions.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Totomi Province (the western part of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture) was ceded to Ieyasu, and Suruga Province (eastern part of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture) to Shingen.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, the Takeda family had plans to take over Kyoto.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The existence of the Tokugawa family prevented them from implementing this plan, so it was decided to destroy it.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In the same year, with military support from neighbors in the east, the army of the Takeda family invaded the possession of Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu successfully repelled the first attacks of the enemy.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, the situation at the front changed when Takeda Shingen personally led his troops in October 1572 (Genki 3).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa asked Oda Nobunaga for help, but he himself was involved in hostilities against the Azai, Asakura, and Buddhist rebels, and was unable to send reinforcements.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyas had to resist the aggressor on his own.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The first Battle of Ichigenzaka (October 13), in which the attacking forces won, showed Ieyasu's inability to resist the well-coordinated military system of Shingen, which was famous throughout Japan at that time .


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

This defeat showed Ieyasu's weakness and signaled the local nobility to go over to the side of Takeda's troops.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In December, one of the main castles of Totomi Province, Futamata Fortress, fell.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Seeing Ieyasu's embarrassment, Oda Nobunaga sent a 3,000 contingent to him.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, this did not save the situation.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The Allied troops, which together numbered only 11,000, were opposed by Takeda Shingen's 25,000-strong well-trained army.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The latter captured the forts and fortifications of Ieyasu one by one, gradually isolating his residence.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Despite the protests of Oda's generals, Tokugawa decided to give the aggressor's troops the last battle.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

On January 25, 1573, he led his troops behind enemy lines and attacked him.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The famous Battle of Mikatagahara has begun.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Takeda's troops pretended to be retreating, but the approaching enemy army was hit with all their might.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The battle ended in a crushing defeat for Ieyasu's troops.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He barely escaped from the encirclement, returning to his residence castle with the remnants of his troops.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, as stated in the chronicles of that time, “heaven did not leave Tokugawa”.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

His main enemy, Takeda Shingen, suddenly fell ill after capturing Noda Castle in February 1573 (Genki 4).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

For this reason, Takeda's troops left Ieyasu's possessions and returned home.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

On the way, their seriously ill commander-in-chief died.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

To make sure that Takeda died, in May of the same year, Ieyasu stormed a number of forts and castles that the enemy had captured in his possessions.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Given that enemy forces did not react to Tokugawa's attacks, most of the local rulers who defected to Takeda yesterday hastily admitted their dependence on Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, in May 1574 (2 Tensho era), the new leader of the Takeda family, Takeda Katsuyori, decided to implement the late father's plans to seize the capital Kyoto.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He invaded Tokugawa's possession with a 15,000 army and managed to capture Takatenjinjo High Mountain Castle.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A year later, he was opposed by the combined 30,000 forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

On June 29, 1575 (Tensho 3), at the Battle of Nagashino, Allied troops completely defeated the army of the Takeda family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The enemy has lost many outstanding commanders and a lot of manpower.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu regained control over his lost possessions.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The destruction of the Takeda family was a matter of time.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1579 (Tensho 7), by order of Oda Nobunaga, Ieyasu executed his wife and eldest son on suspicion of conspiring against him and concluding a secret pact with the Takeda family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In March 1581, he reclaimed Takatenjinjo Castle.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In February 1582, a full-scale campaign of the troops of Oda and Tokugawa against the Takeda family began.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu was responsible for the conquest of Suruga Province.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The enemy, whose finances were undermined by frequent campaigns and the best generals were killed at the Battle of Nagashino, could not resist the advancing allies.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Many nobles went over to Ieyasu's side without a fight.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A month after the campaign began, Takeda Katsuyori and his wives and children performed seppuku, ending the existence of the Takeda family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

For his exploits, Ieyasu received Suruga Province from Oda.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Honno-ji Temple incident


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In May 1582 (Tensho 10), Ieyasu visited Oda Nobunaga's residence, the luxurious Azuchi Castle.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, the following month, when Tokugawa visited the port city of Sakai, one of the largest Japanese shopping centers of the time, he learned of Nobunaga's death at Kyoto's Honno-ji Temple by hand vassal Akechi Mitsuhide.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The latter immediately began hunting for Ieyasu, because he was an ally of Oda and could raise troops against the rebels.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

This was a good opportunity for Akechi, as Ieyasu was very far from his possessions.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ninja squads from Iga Province (present-day Mie Prefecture) helped Tokugawa escape from danger by leading him through secret mountain passages to his possessions in Mikawa (present-day Aichi Prefecture).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Upon returning, Ieyasu planned to gather troops to defeat Akechi Mitsuhide and become the de facto heir of Oda Nobunaga.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, he was ahead of Hashib Hideyoshi, who immediately withdrew the expeditionary forces of the Oda family from the Chugoku region and defeated the rebels.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Meanwhile, with the death of Nobunaga in 1582, an uprising of the local nobility began in the conquered possessions of the Takeda family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The Oda administration, which did not respect local customs, was killed.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A power vacuum has been created in Kai (present-day Yamanashi Prefecture), Shinano (present-day Nagano Prefecture) and Kozuke (present-day Gunma Prefecture) Provinces.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Unlike Oda's vassals, Ieyasu took into account the traditions of the conquered.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He especially respected the late Takeda Shingen, despite the fact that he was his worst enemy.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Thanks to this, Ieyasu attracted many generals and servants of the destroyed Takeda family to his side and received an excuse to “legally return the lands of Takeda” to the bosom of his possessions.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He immediately sent an army to carry out this plan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, Ieyasu's appetites were shared by his neighbors, the Uesugi and Go-Hojo families.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

They also sent troops to these three provinces.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

As a result, Ieyasu came out victorious from a conflict that lasted several months.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He captured most of the lands of the Takeda family and became the owner of 5 provinces (Kai, Shinano, Suruga, Totomi and Mikawa).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Having provided himself with new possessions and a huge contingent of recruits, Tokugawa began to prepare for war with Hashiba Hideyoshi.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu and Hideyoshi


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

war


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1583 (Tensho 11), Hashiba Hideyoshi defeated the opposition forces of Shibata Katsuie and became the de facto heir of Oda Nobunaga.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, the remnants of the Oda clan, led by Oda Nobuo, did not want to recognize the current state of affairs.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

They entered into a joint action agreement with Ieyasu against the “usurper” Hideyoshi.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In March 1584 (Tensho 12), Hashiba's troops and Tokugawa and Oda coalition forces met in Owari Province (present-day Aichi Prefecture).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The army of the first numbered about 100 thousand people, and the samurai detachments of the coalition did not exceed 50,000.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The numerical superiority of the opponent made Ieyasu's victory unlikely.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, the very first battle of March 17, 1584 (the Battle of Haguro) showed the superiority of Tokugawa's forces and revealed the weaknesses of his enemy's bulky army.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Hashiba Hideyoshi was frightened by the military genius Ieyasu and stopped the offensive of his regiments by taking a wait-and-see attitude.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, in April, Hideyoshi's patience ran out and sent a 20,000 detachment against Tokugawa under the command of his nephew Hashib Hidetsugu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

But at the Battle of Komakki-Nagakute, Ieyasu was able to neutralize the enemy army and force its commander to flee.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Seeing that Ieyasu could not be defeated by a frontal offensive, Hashiba Hideyoshi decided to eliminate his coalition partner, Odu Nobuo.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The latter could not resist the large army of the enemy.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In November 1584, Oda signed peace with Hideyoshi, recognizing his vassal dependence on it.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Since Ieyasu lost the reason for war with the fall of Oda Nobuo, he concluded a truce with the enemy.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

As a guarantee of peace, he sent Hideyoshi his grandson.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, Ieyasu formally continued to remain independent.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1585 (Tensho 13), Hashiba Hideyoshi subdued the entire Kinki region and Shikoku Island.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Having secured his rear, he became a great threat to the Tokugawa family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

At this time, taking advantage of the conflict between Hideyoshi and Ieyasu, the owners of the northern regions of Shinano Province (modern Nagano Prefecture), the Sanada clan, came out of the latter's power.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa sent an army to calm the rebellious, but it was defeated.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

To strengthen his position, Ieyasu formed an alliance with his eastern neighbor, the Go-Hojo family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, this time a quarrel broke out between his vassals.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Some insisted on fighting Hideyoshi, while others insisted on recognizing his suzerainty.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Thus, Ieyasu found himself in a very difficult situation: his lands were falling apart, and his subordinates began internal strife.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Meanwhile, Hashiba Hideyoshi continued to implement his plan to conquer the Tokugawa family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

To strengthen the influence of his “fifth column”, in April 1586 (Tensho 14), he married his sister Asahi to Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa accepted a new wife, but did not recognize vassality.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Hideyoshi then sent his mother hostage to Ieyasu in October, asking him to recognize his suzerainty.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In the end, despite the danger from the outside and the aggravation of internal struggle of his own kind, Tokugawa decided to recognize the supremacy of Hashiba.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

On October 26, 1586, he arrived at his residence in Osaka.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The next day, in an audience with Hideyoshi, Ieyasu officially asked to take him “under the strong hand of the Hashiba family.”


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Under Toyotomi


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In September 1587 (Tensho 14), Hideyoshi, who received the aristocratic surname Toyotomi from the emperor last year, asked the court for the position of imperial counselor for Ieyasu and thanked him for recognizing his suzerainty.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The following year, he discussed with Tokugawa a campaign plan against the owner of the Kanto region, the Go-Hojo family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1590 (Tensho 18), troops of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and all daimyo under his control, including Ieyasu, surrounded the main citadel of Go-Hojo and took it within a few months of siege.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

By order of Hideyoshi, the conquered lands were transferred to Tokugawa in exchange for his old ancestral possessions.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Although the profits of the new lands were higher than the old ones, Ieyasu's power in them was fragile — he remained an “outsider” to most of the local nobility.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In addition, most of the land was free, and communications were not developed.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Despite these difficulties, Ieyasu and his vassals were able to boost the economy of the Kanto region in a short time, repair transport routes, build strong castles and open many ports to the international trade.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In ten years, a powerful socio-economic base was created, which in the future ensured the victory of Ieyasu in the struggle for the unification of Japan and became the new political center of Japan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1592 (Bunroku 1), Toyotomi Hideyoshi started the Korean War.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu was one of the candidates for the expeditionary army, but bypassed recruitment, citing the war against “the remnants of samurai foremen of the Go-Hojo family.”


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Before Hideyoshi's death in September 1598, he joined the Five Elders Board of Trustees under his son Toyotomi Hideyori, promising support for the Toyotomi family after the death of his suzerain.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Battle of sekigahara


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Toyotomi Hideyoshi died on September 18, 1598.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

His five-year-old son Hideyori became the formal ruler of the country, who was actually ruled by a board of trustees of five elders and a council of five governors.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu was the most influential member of the council of elders, and did not hesitate to take advantage of the weakness of the Toyotomi family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa made alliances with the daimyo who had opposed Hideyoshi during his lifetime and prepared for war.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

As a vassal of the Toyotomi family, Ieyasu acted on his behalf, gathering the disgruntled samurai of the late suzerain.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He was joined by the so-called “militarist group” of this kind, whose representatives did not understand politics and government, but lived at the expense of the war.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

They were opposed by a “group of civilians” led by the outstanding administrator and chairman of the council of five governors Ishida Mitsunari.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The conflict looked like a dispute between Toyotomi vassals, but de facto it was a confrontation between Tokugawa Ieyasu, who sought to seize power, and Ishida Mitsunari, who sought to preserve power in the country for Toyotomi Hideyori.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu's supporters formed the so-called “eastern coalition”, and the defenders of Isis formed the “Western” coalition.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The former were predominantly daimyos of eastern Japanese lands, while others were daimyos in western Japan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1599 (Keicho 4), Maeda Toshiie died, the only member of the Board of Trustees who could openly oppose Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

This untied Tokugawa's hands and announced that he was going to punish the rebellious Toyotomi family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In June 1600 (Keicho 5), Ieyasu defeated the Uesugi enemy family and moved to Kyoto.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

On October 21, 1600, the armies of Tokugawa and Ishida met in the narrow field of Sekigahara.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The forces of the “eastern coalition” numbered about 100 thousand samurai, while the troops of the “Western” consisted of only 80,000.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The beginning of the Battle of Sekigahara was marked by the advantage of the “Westerners” detachments.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In particular, Japanese Christian detachments under the command of Konishi Yukinaga fought stubbornly.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, betrayal changed the course of the battle in favor of Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

General Kobayakawa Hideaki, to whom Tokugawa promised new lands and titles, crashed from the flank into Ishida Mitsunari's headquarters and forced the troops of the “Western coalition” to flee the battlefield.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The battle ended with a complete victory for Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ishida Mitsunari and his generals were captured and executed.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The Western Coalition has ceased to exist.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu became the de facto ruler of Japan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

After the victory, Ieyasu immediately redistributed the lands of the daimyo he had defeated.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa himself and his immediate servants received the largest parts.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Second after them were Toyotomi's vassals, who joined his forces on the eve of the Battle of Sekigahara.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The last place in terms of the number of lands was the Toyotomi family, whose vassal Ieyasu still remained, the Mori family and the Shimazu family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

It was significant that Kobayakawa Hideaki, who decided the fate of the battle, was not awarded.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu did not want to encourage betrayal.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Creating a shogunate


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

After winning the Battle of Sekigahara, in 1603 (Keicho 8), 60-year-old Ieyasu received the title of “Grand Shogun of the Barbarian Conqueror” from the emperor.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He created a new samurai government, the shogunate in the city of Edo (modern day). Tokyo).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

It was the third and last shogunate after similar ones created by the Minamoto and Ashikaga clans.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The rule of the new government lasted more than 250 years.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1605 (Keicho 10), Ieyasu transferred the title of shogun to his son Tokugawa Hidetada.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

By doing so, he wanted to avoid the problem of inheritance and the weakening of the family, which destroyed the achievements of his predecessors, Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu continued to hold all the levers of power in his hands.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1607 (Keicho 12), Ieyasu moved his residence to Sunpu, his youth city, leaving his son at Edo Castle.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

There, a retired shogun was engaged in creating a government system that would guarantee the durability of his shogunate.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1611 (Keicho 16), Tokugawa attended the coronation of Emperor Go-Mizunoo in Kyoto City.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

During this visit, Ieyasu forced his formal suzerain, Toyotomi Hideyori, to visit him in the capital.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In Japanese society at that time, people of higher social status did not visit the lower ones.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Therefore, the visit to Ieyasu by suzerain Toyotomi Hideyori was interpreted by the medieval Japanese as an informal recognition by the Toyotomi family of the shogun's power as the highest.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

For two years in a row, 1613 (Keicho 18), Ieyasu restricted the rights of the capital's aristocrats of the Kuge and the imperial court, who by that time often interfered in Japanese politics, setting samurai births on top of each other.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1615 (Genn 1), Tokugawa issued Prohibitions on Samurai Clans, which laid the foundations for the existence of Japan's military caste for the following decades.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Samurai were transformed from warrior landowners to landless city officials.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The destruction of the Toyotomi family


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

For Ieyasu, the existence of the Toyotomi family remained an obstacle to the unification of Japan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

This family remained the formal suzerain of the shogun himself, and also continued to have many influential vassals.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

After Ieyasu's death, Toyotomi had every chance to regain strength and regain power in the country.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

To prevent this from happening, it was necessary to weaken the enemy's family or even get rid of it forever.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu exhausted the treasury of the Toyotomi family with various construction projects he carried out on behalf of and at his expense, his suzerain, Toyotomi Hideyori.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa especially benefited from the death of three elders of a hostile family in 1611 (Keicho 16).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

With the onset of 1614 (Keicho 19), Ieyasu decided to finally liquidate the Toyotomi family and began to implement this plan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The conflict between Tokugawa and Toyotomi was caused by the inscriptions on the bells of Hoko-ji Temple, which was restored at the expense of Toyotomi Hideyori.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

These inscriptions, although they did not contain negative statements about Ieyasu, were interpreted by him as a curse against him.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa was supported by Kyoto scholar monks who depended on him, who confirmed his baseless interpretations and accused the Toyotomi family of all sins.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Toyotomi's attempts to explain the true meaning of the inscriptions failed.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu did not want to meet with the messengers.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Fearing reprisals, Toyotomi Hideyori began to gather ronin samurai from all over Japan at his residence, a castle in Osaka.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

This is all Ieyasu was waiting for.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Considering the actions of the Toyotomi family as hostile, he declared war on him.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Osaka Winter Campaign


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In November 1614 (Keicho 19), Ieyasu began a siege to Osaka Castle, the main citadel of the Toyotomi family.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu's army numbered more than 200 thousand people.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The castle was not stormed, but local battles were fought for the forts adjacent to it.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A frontal attack on Toyotomi would have meant suicide, as Osaka Castle was famous for its inaccessibility.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In most of the clashes, Ieyasu's forces came out victorious due to numerical superiority.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The exception was the battles for the Sanada redoubt, which was defended by enemy general Sanada Yukimura, in which Tokugawa's detachments were defeated.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

December came, and the castle remained in the hands of the enemy.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu decided to use heavy artillery and fired at the main tower of the castle for several days.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Frightened by guns, Toyotomi Hideyori sent an embassy with peace proposals.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In order to bargain better conditions, Ieyasu continued to shell enemy positions during the negotiations themselves.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Both sides agreed to stop hostilities and conclude peace, subject to the destruction of most of the fortifications of Osaka Castle and the dissolution of troops.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In January 1615 (Keicho 20), Toyotomi's main citadel had become an unprotected fortress.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Osaka Summer Campaign


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Realizing that the elimination of the fortifications of Osaka Castle was a direct way to the destruction of their lineage, Toyotomi began to restore them.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu learned about this and issued an ultimatum: stop the restoration of the castle, dissolve the ronin troops, and leave the castle in Osaka in exchange for the one indicated by the shogun.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Of course, Toyotomi Hideyori did not agree and Tokugawa declared war on him a second time.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Ieyasu went to Osaka Castle again.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Now it was no longer a famous citadel, but a small fortress.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The Toyotomi family, who lost advantageous positions with the elimination of fortifications, decided not to defend, but to attack.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, Toyotomi Hideyori's best generals died one by one during the attacks.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Among them was Sanada Yukimura, who crashed into Ieyasu's headquarters, knocked down his banners and banners, but died under the spears of enemy guards.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Seeing the hopelessness of the situation, Toyotomi Hideyori and his mother Mrs. Yodo committed seppuku ritual suicide.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The fortress fell, and the Toyotomi family ceased to exist.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Death


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

After becoming the sovereign and sole ruler of Japan, Ieyasu was awarded the post of Chief Minister of the country's daijo daijin by the emperor in 1616 (1 of the Genn era).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

However, a few months later, he became seriously ill.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The causes of the disease are unknown.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Food poisoning and sexually transmitted diseases are among the main ones mentioned.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa loved to eat well and spend time with women, so it is not surprising that the elderly retired shogun's health could not withstand excessive stress.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

On June 1, 1616, at 10 a.m., Ieyasu, 73, died at Sumpu Castle.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The “First Shogun” was buried in Nikko Toshogu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He was given the posthumous name Tosho-Daigongen (“The Great Savior God Who Illuminated the East”), under which he was enrolled in the list of Japanese kami deities.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Domestic policy


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He issued a number of decrees confirming the enslavement of the peasantry, the disarmament of the population not belonging to the samurai class, codes of conduct for princes and nobles, as well as for the emperor and his court, who put them under the control of the shogunate.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Foreign policy


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Unlike Oda Nobunaga, who maintained relations with Portugal and Spain, and also contributed to the spread of Catholicism in Japan, Tokugawa preferred relations with Protestant The Netherlands.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Since 1605, William Adams, an English sailor and Dutch agent, became an adviser to Ieyasu on European politics.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Thanks to the latter's advice, the Tokugawa shoguns began to pursue a policy of extermination of Christianity in the country, which led to the closure of Japan to the West.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Only the Dutch received a monopoly to have relations and trade with the Japanese.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In 1614, Ieyasu issued a decree that banned the stay of “white” foreigners and Christians in his country.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Repressions and mass demonstrative crucifixion of believers began.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A small group of Christians fled to the Spanish Philippines, and most were forcibly converted to Buddhism.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Nevertheless, a small group of Japanese remained faithful to Christianity, professing it in deep secrecy until 1868, when religious freedom was proclaimed in Japan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Written heritage


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Formally transferring the title of shogun to his son, Tokugawa Ieyasu organized the compilation of the Code of Samurai Childbirth (Buke Shohatto), which determined the norms of samurai behavior in the service and in personal life, where in a concise the form codified the traditions of the military feudal class of Japan (Bushido), previously transmitted orally.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa in culture


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In fiction


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The story of Tokugawa Ieyasu and the English sailor William Adams is reflected in Christopher Nicole's novels Knight of the Golden Fan and James Clavell's Shogun.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In video games


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In Civilization, Shogun: Total War, Total War: Shogun 2 and Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties Tokugawa is presented as the leader of the gaming civilization of Japan.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In the games in the Samurai Warriors and Warriors series, Orochi is present as a playable character.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

It appears in the 2017 Nioh game.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In cinematography


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The film “Warriors: Shogun”, from the BBC series “Warriors”, produced by the BBC, 2008, is a documentary and feature with elements of reconstruction of events.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

This Warriors series focuses on Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543—1616), the founder of the Tokugawa Shogun Dynasty, one of the closest associates and followers of Oda Nabunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, in uniting and following modernization of Japan in the 16th—17th centuries.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The Shogun series under the name Toronagi is shown by Tokugawa Ieyasu.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The film “Sen-Hime to Hideyori” [1] (directed by Masahiro Makino, 1962, Japan).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

The film “Kiyosu kaigi” [2] (directed by Koki Mitani, 2013, Japan).


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Onna Jōshu Naotora (directed by Watanabe Kazutaka, 2017) Japan)


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

“Ten Chi Jin” series (directed by Kataoka Keiji, Takahashi Yoshiro, Noda Yusuke, Ichiki Masae, 2009, Japan)


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

In the historical series Sanada-maru (Director: Tanaka Tadashi, Kimura Takafumi, 2016 Japan)


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Notes


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Literature


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2008.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

— 612 p. — ISBN 978-5-8071-0300-9


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

/Lord Algernon Mitford; O. D. Sidorova].


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

— Moscow: Izd-vo Tsentrpoligraf, 2010.


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

— 414 p. — ISBN 978-5-227-02180-9


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

References


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu quotes in the Japanese wikiquote


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Category:Japanese generals


Question: What is Tokugawa Ieyasu's main achievement?

Tokugawa Ieyasu


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

This article examines aspects of the participation of the state of Poland in World War II, from the attack of the German armed forces on the country on September 1, 1939 and ending with participation in a joint Soviet troops stormed Berlin in May 1945.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Poland's participation in World War II


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Poland's participation in World War II includes:


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

participation in the occupation of Czechoslovakia and the division of its territories between Poland and Germany on September 21, 1938.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

battles of regular units of the Polish army against Germany from September 1 to October 6, 1939;


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

underground and guerrilla warfare in the occupied territory of Poland (1939—1945).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

the fighting of Polish military units in Western Europe, North Africa and Southern Europe — together with Anglo-American troops (1939—1945);


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

the fighting of Polish military units in Eastern Europe — together with the Soviet army (1943—1945);


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

participation of Polish citizens in the Soviet partisan movement (1941—1944).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

September-October 1939


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Plans and forces of the parties


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Geographically and militarily, Germany had all the prerequisites for a quick victory over Poland.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The German lands of East Prussia, Pomerania and Silesia surrounded most of Poland from the north and west.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The German occupation of Czechoslovakia expanded the areas of strategic deployment of the armed forces of the Third Reich, allowing the use of Slovak territory.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

German Army Group South


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The numbered list item (von Rundstedt) consisted of the 8, 10, and 14 armies.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

It was supposed to advance from Silesia in the general direction to Warsaw (10 Army - 2 tank, 8 infantry, 3 light divisions, Colonel-General von Reichenau).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The 14th Army (2 tank, 6 infantry, 1 light, 1 mountain divisions, Colonel-General List) - in the direction of Krakow, it was to be supported by the Slovak armed forces.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The 8th Army (4 infantry divisions, 1 regiment of SS troops, Colonel-General Blaskowitz) aimed at Lodz.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

German Army Group North (Colonel-General von Bock) consisted of the 3rd (1 tank, 5 infantry divisions, Colonel-General von Kuechler) and the 4th (1 tank, 2 motorized, 6 infantry divisions, Colonel von Kluge) of the armies.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Its goal is to defeat Polish forces in the northern Vistula region with a simultaneous strike from East Prussia and Pomerania.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In total, 44 German divisions (including 6 tank and 2 motorized), the 1st Air Fleet (Aviation General Kesselring) and the 4th Air Fleet (Aviation General Lohr) were deployed for the war against Poland - about 2,000 aircraft in total.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The commander-in-chief of the Polish forces, Marshal Rydz-Smigly, expected to defend the western border of Poland and conduct offensive operations in East Prussia.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On the border with East Prussia were stationed the army “Modlin” (4 infantry divisions and 2 cavalry brigades, as well as in the Suwalki area - 2 infantry divisions and 2 cavalry brigades.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In the Polish Corridor is the Pomorie Army (6 infantry divisions).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Against Pomerania - the army “Lodz” (4 infantry divisions and 2 cavalry brigades).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Against Silesia - the army “Krakow” (6 infantry divisions, 1 cavalry and 1 motorized brigade).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

For the armies “Krakow” and “Lodz” - the army “Prussia” (6 infantry divisions and 1 cavalry brigade).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The southern border of Poland was to be defended by the army “Karpaty” (from reserve units).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Reserves (3 infantry divisions and 1 cavalry brigade) were located near the Vistula near Warsaw and Lublin.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In total, the Polish armed forces had 39 infantry divisions, 2 motorized brigades, 11 cavalry and 3 mountain brigades.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Fighting


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 1, 1939, at 04:45am, according to the Weiss plan, German troops launched an offensive without declaring war along the entire German-Polish border, as well as from Moravia and Slovakia.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The front line was about 1,600 km.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

A few minutes later, the training battleship Schleswig-Holstein began shelling the Polish naval base Westerplatte in Danzig.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

This shelling is considered the first shots of the war that has begun.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The seven-day defense of Westerplatte began.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

However, in the first three days of the campaign, the Polish armed forces lost several battles in the border areas.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

German motorized units broke through the defensive positions of the Polish armies “Lodz” and “Krakow”.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

As a result of German air strikes, the Polish army Modlin was disorganized and began to retreat chaotically to the eastern bank of the Vistula.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The Lodz army could not hold its positions on the Warta and Vidavka rivers.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The situation of the armies “Prussia” and “Krakow” also became critical.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 3, about 2,000 citizens of the Polish city of Bydgoszcz, Germans by nationality, were killed.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

It has not yet been clarified who shot at civilians.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

According to one version, they were Polish partisans.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

According to another version, in the city there were clashes between German saboteurs, who were provided with some support from local residents of German origin, with units of the regular Polish army.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 6, the Polish High Command ordered the armies “Pomorie”, “Poznan”, “Lodz” and “Prussia” to retreat to positions on the Vistula.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On the same day, President Ignacy Moscicki and the Polish government left the capital of the country, and the General Staff moved to Brest [1].


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 8, German tanks approached Warsaw.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On the same day, Marshal Rydz-Smigly ordered all Polish troops to retreat eastward if possible to establish defenses near the border with Romania.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The Marshal hoped that in this forest region, in the conditions of the coming autumn, the rapid advance of motorized units of the Germans would slow down.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In addition, the Marshal hoped that weapons from Western allies would go through Romania.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 10, the headquarters of the Polish command was moved to Vladimir-Volynsky.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On the same day, the Polish armies “Poznan” and “Pomorie” under the command of General Kutřeba launched a counteroffensive from the border of the Bzura River.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

At first, it was successful, but on September 12, the Germans again launched an offensive and inflicted heavy losses on the Poles.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Kutřeba's troops tried to retreat to Warsaw, but were surrounded by the Germans.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 12, German troops reached Lviv.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 14, fighting began in the Brest Fortress (the Germans took the fortress on September 17).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 16, Polish forces were surrounded in the Lublin area.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On the night of September 17, the remnants of the Poznan army tried to break through the positions of the Germans, but only a few managed to reach Warsaw and Modlin.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

At dawn on September 17, Soviet troops crossed the eastern border of Poland.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Marshal Rydz-Smigly ordered Polish troops stationed on the border with the USSR (17 infantry battalions and 6 cavalry squadrons) to retreat to the border with Romania, without engaging in battles with the Red Army, except attacks on her part.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Contrary to this order, the defense of Grodno lasted until September 22, Lviv until September 23.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 18, the President, Government and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces left Poland.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

However, the fighting continued.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 28, after strong air strikes and shelling, the garrison of Warsaw surrendered.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 29, fighting in Modlin stopped.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On October 2, the resistance of the Poles on the Hel Peninsula stopped.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On October 6, the last hotbed of organized Polish resistance in Kock surrendered.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

According to modern estimates, during the hostilities in September 1939, the Polish army lost 66,000 servicemen killed, 133,700 wounded and about 400,000 prisoners [2].


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The losses of the German army amounted to about 14,000 killed and missing, 319 tanks and armored vehicles, 195 guns and mortars, 11584 cars and motorcycles [3].


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Polish Armed Forces in exile


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Polish units in France and Norway (1939—1940)


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Polish military units in France began to form after the signing of the Franco-Polish Protocol on September 21, 1939.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

General Vladislav Sikorsky became the commander-in-chief of the Polish forces in France.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

At the end of 1939, the Polish 1st and 2nd Infantry Divisions were formed.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In February 1940, a separate mountain rifle brigade was formed (commander - General Sigmunt Bokhush-Shyshko), which was included in the Anglo-French expeditionary forces scheduled for sent to Finland for the war against the USSR.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

However, on March 12, 1940, peace was concluded between Finland and the USSR, and in early May 1940, the brigade was sent as part of the Anglo-French Expeditionary Corps to Norway for the war against the Germans.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In Norway, the Polish brigade successfully stormed the German-occupied villages of Ankenes and Nyborg, and the Germans were pushed back to the Swedish border.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

After the start of the German offensive in France, the Allied forces left Norway by June 1940.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The Polish 1st Infantry Division located in France (renamed the 1st Grenadier Division on May 3, 1940) under the command of General Bronislaw Duh was sent to the front in Lorraine.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On June 16, the Polish division was almost surrounded by the Germans and received an order from the French command to retreat.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On June 19, General Sikorsky ordered the division to retreat to the south of France or, if possible, to Switzerland.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

However, this order was difficult to fulfill, and therefore only 2,000 Poles managed to reach the south of France, and about a thousand went to Switzerland.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The exact losses of the division are unknown, but at least a thousand Poles were killed and at least 3,000 were wounded.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The Polish 2nd Infantry Division (renamed the 2nd Infantry Division) under the command of General Prugar-Ketling also fought in Lorraine.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On June 15 and 16, this division covered the withdrawal of the French 45th Corps to the Swiss border.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The Poles crossed to Switzerland on June 20 and were interned there until the end of World War II.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In addition to infantry, the Polish armed forces in France had the 10th Armor Cavalry Brigade under the command of General Stanislav Macek.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

It was in Champagne and since June 13 covered the withdrawal of two French divisions.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Then, by order, the brigade retreated, but was surrounded on June 17.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Having managed to break through the German lines, the brigade was evacuated to Britain.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In addition, several Polish anti-tank companies attached to the French infantry divisions participated in hostilities in France.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The Polish 3rd and 4th Infantry Divisions were in the process of formation in June 1940 and did not take part in the battles.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In total, at the end of June 1940, the Polish armed forces in France numbered about 85,000.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

When the defeat of France became obvious, the commander-in-chief of the Polish forces decided to evacuate them to Britain.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On June 18, 1940, General Sikorsky flew to England.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

At a meeting in London, he assured British Prime Minister Winston Churchill that Polish troops are not going to surrender to the Germans and want to fight until complete victory.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Churchill ordered the organization of the evacuation of Polish troops to Scotland.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

As a result, 17,000 Polish soldiers and officers managed to evacuate to Britain.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Polish units in Syria, Egypt and Libya


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In April 1940, the Polish Carpathian Rifle Brigade was formed in Syria under the command of Colonel Stanislaw Kopanski (from Polish soldiers and officers who fled through Romania, which in was further replenished at the expense of former Wehrmacht servicemen of Polish nationality — deserters and prisoners of war [4]).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

After the surrender of French troops in Syria to the Germans, the French command ordered the Poles to surrender to German captivity, but Colonel Kopanski did not obey this order and took the Polish brigade to British Palestine.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In October 1940, the brigade was redeployed to Egypt.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In October 1941, the Polish Carpathian Brigade landed in the German-besieged Libyan town of Tobruk to help the 9th Australian Infantry Division defending there.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In December 1941, Allied forces attacked German and Italian troops, and on December 10, the siege of Tobruk was stopped.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On December 14-17, 1941, the Polish brigade participated in the battle in the Gazala area (in Libya).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Of the 5,000 soldiers, the Poles lost more than 600 killed and wounded.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Polish units in Britain


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Mini|Right|Crusader Mk II tank of the 1st Polish Panzer Division in Haddington, Scotland.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In August 1940, British Prime Minister Churchill signed a Polish-British military agreement that allowed Polish troops to deploy in Britain.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

The Polish armed forces in Britain received the same status as the troops of the British Commonwealth countries, and received the right to form new Polish units.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

By the end of August 1940, the Polish ground forces in Britain consisted of 5 rifle brigades (3 of them were staffed almost exclusively by command staff, due to the lack of privates).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On September 28, 1940, Polish Commander-in-Chief General Sikorski ordered the formation of the 1st Polish Corps.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In October 1941, the 4th Rifle Brigade was reorganized into the 1st separate parachute brigade (under the command of Colonel Sosnovsky).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In February 1942, the formation of the Polish 1st Panzer Division (under the command of General Macek) began.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

After the death of General Sikorsky in 1943, General Sosnovsky became the commander-in-chief of the Polish troops.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Polish units in Yugoslavia


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Some Polish soldiers participated in battles against Germany and its allies on the territory of Yugoslavia: with the support of the Polish community of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the partisan People's Liberation Army Yugoslavia formed the 5th Polish Battalion of the 14th Central Bosnian Brigade.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Polish units in the USSR (1941—1942)


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On June 22, 1941, on the initiative of Lieutenant Colonel Sigmunt Berling, thirteen officers of the Polish army (including a colonel and 4 lieutenant colonels) sent a collective letter to the government of the USSR with a request give them the opportunity to take part in the war with Germany [5].


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On July 30, 1941, in London, the USSR Ambassador to Great Britain I. M. Maisky and Polish Prime Minister V. Sikorsky signed an agreement on the restoration of diplomatic relations and mutual assistance in the fight against Germany, which provided for the creation of Polish military units on the territory of the USSR [6].


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On August 6, 1941, General Vladislav Anders (released on August 4, 1941) was appointed commander of the Polish army in the USSR.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On August 12, 1941, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree on amnesty for Polish citizens on the territory of the USSR.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On August 14, 1941, a military agreement was signed, which provided for the creation in the shortest possible time on the territory of the USSR of a Polish army to fight against Hitler's Germany together with the troops USSR and other allied powers.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In accordance with the agreement, the total number of Polish military units in the USSR was determined at 30,000 servicemen.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

To train the Polish army, the USSR provided the Polish side with an interest-free loan of 65 million.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

rubles (subsequently increased to 300 million rubles).


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In addition, the USSR provided the Polish side with an interest-free loan in the amount of 100 million rubles to help Polish refugees in the USSR, and also allocated an additional 15 million rubles as non-refundable allowance to the officers of the Polish army being formed [7].


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

On December 4, 1941, the Declaration of the Government of the USSR and the Government of the Polish Republic on Friendship and Mutual Assistance was signed, according to which the government of V. Sikorsky reaffirmed his commitment to “wage war with German robbers hand in hand with Soviet troops.”


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In addition, an agreement was reached to increase the total number of the Polish army in the USSR from 30,000 to 96,000 people.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

Since the beginning of 1942, the question of the timing of sending Polish divisions to the front has come to the fore.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In February 1942, the government of the USSR appealed to the Polish side with a request to send to the front of the 5th Infantry Division, the training of which by this time was completed.


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

IN. Anders rejected the possibility of introducing one separate division into battle, his decision was supported by V. Sikorsky [9].


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

In March 1942, the government of the USSR reported that due to the complication of the food situation in the USSR, the number of food rations for Polish military units in the USSR that did not participate in combat operations, will be reduced to 44,000 [10].


Question: Was there a Jewish general in the Polish Army in 1939?

Poland during World War II

At the end of March 1942, the first stage of the evacuation of the Anders army to Iran was carried out - 31,488 servicemen of the Polish army and 12,400 civilians left the USSR [10].