Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Among sedentary species, great tit, jay, great spotted woodpecker are common, among migratory species - garden bunting, field lark, oriole.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

History


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1708, when Russia was divided into 8 provinces, Kursk Krai became part of the Kiev province.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1719, the Kiev province was divided into 4 provinces: Kiev, Belgorod, Sevskaya and Oryol.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The territory of present-day Kursk Oblast was divided between Belgorod and Sevsk provinces.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1727, the Belgorod governorate was established as part of the Belgorod, Sevskaya and Oryol provinces.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1749, it was transformed into Belgorod Province.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1779, the Kursk governorship was formed, consisting of 15 districts (Belgorod, Bogatensky, Dmitrievsky, Korochansky, Kursk, Lgovsky, Novooskolsky, Oboyansky, Putivlsky, Rylsky, Starooskolsky, Sudzhansky, Timsky, Fatezhsky, Shchigrovsky).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Uyezd cities were formed: Bogatoe (now Bogatoe village in Ivnyansky District of Belgorod Region), Dmitriev (from the village of Dmitrievskoye, now Dmitriev-Lgovsky), Lgov (from the Lgov settlement, which arose on the spot the ancient city of Olgov, destroyed by the Tatars), Tim (from the village of Vygornoye), Fatezh (from the village of Fatezh), Shchigry (from the village of Troitskoye).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1797, the Kursk governorship was transformed into the Kursk province, which existed until 1928.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1928, the transition to the regional, district and district administrative divisions took place.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On the territory of the former Voronezh, Kursk, Oryol and Tambov provinces, the Central Chernozem Region (CCHO) was created.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On the territory of the former Kursk province, districts were formed: Kursk (14 districts, 527 village councils), Belgorod (14 districts, 482 village councils) and Lgovsky (11 districts, 384 village councils).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The eastern part of the province was included in the Voronezh and Ostrogozhsky districts.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1929, the Starooskolsky District was created from 13 districts that departed from Voronezh (8 districts), Ostrogozhsky (3 districts), Kursk (1 district) and Belgorod (1 district) districts.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1930, a decree was adopted on the liquidation of districts.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The districts became directly subordinate to the regional center.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On June 13, 1934, the Central Earth Region was divided into two regions: Voronezh (as part of the former Voronezh and Tambov provinces) and Kursk (as part of the former Kursk and Oryol provinces).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

This date is considered the day of the formation of the Kursk region.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On September 17, 1937, the region was divided into 2 regions: Kursk and Oryol.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In 1944, 5 districts were transferred from the Kursk Region to the Oryol Region.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On January 6, 1954, in connection with the formation of the Belgorod and Lipetsk regions, 23 districts were transferred from the Kursk Region: the first — 23 districts, the second — 3 districts.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are 36 districts left in the Kursk Region.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

As of January 1, 1960, Kursk Oblast had 33 districts.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On January 1, 1964, administrative rural areas were enlarged: instead of 33, there were 12.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On March 3, 1964, the number of districts was increased to 14.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On January 12, 1965, 19 districts became part of the Kursk Region.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On December 30, 1966, 3 new districts were formed: Korenevsky, Khomutovsky and Cheremisinovsky.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The total number of districts has become 22.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Honors


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Order of Lenin (December 7, 1957) — for the success achieved in increasing the production and delivery of sugar beet to the state;


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Order of Lenin (August 5, 1968) — for the courage and perseverance shown by the workers of the Kursk region during the defense of the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War, and for the success achieved in restoration and development national economy.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

population


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

According to the Federal State Statistics Service, the population of the region is


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Population density — people


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

/km2 ().


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The urban population is% ().


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Population change


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Everything and the urban population (its share) according to all-Union and all-Russian censuses [2] [3]:


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

National composition of the population


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Administrative-territorial division


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Administrative and territorial structure


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

According to the Law “On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Kursk Region”, the register and charter of the region, the constituent entity of the Russian Federation includes the following administrative-territorial units: [7] [8] [9]


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

28 districts


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

480 village councils.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Administrative-territorial units include 32 urban settlements (including 5 cities of regional significance, 5 cities of district significance, 22 workers' urban-type settlements) and 2,775 rural settlements [9].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Municipal structure


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Within the framework of the municipal structure of the region, a total of 355 municipalities were formed within the boundaries of the administrative-territorial units of the Kursk Region (as of January 1, 2018) [10]:


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

5 urban districts


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

28 municipal districts


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

27 urban settlements


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

295 rural settlements.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Settlements with a population of more than 4 thousand people


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

KurskZheleznogorskKurchatovlgovrylskschigryoboyanKarl Libknecht Settlement


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

DmitrievkshenskiyKorenevogorshechnoefatezhsudzhapryamitsynopristen


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

GlushkovoponyriMarshal ZhukovaZolotukhinomedenkaSolntsevo


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Authority


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Governor of the region since November 2000 In early 2005, Alexander Mikhailov appealed to Russian President Vladimir Putin with a request for reappointment for another 5 years and received his consent.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On March 1, 2010, by the decision of the Kursk Regional Duma, on the proposal of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, the powers of Governor of the Kursk Region Alexander Mikhailov were extended for a third term [11].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On October 10, 2018, Mikhailov signed a decree on additional guarantees for the head of the region in connection with the termination of powers.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

On October 11, 2018, Alexander Mikhailov resigned [12] [13].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Symbols of Kursk Oblast


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Root Desert


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Battle of Kursk (Kursk Bulge)


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Maryino is the estate of Princes Baryatinsky [14].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk nightingale [15].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Nightingale Krai


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Streletskaya steppe


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk black soil


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk magnetic anomaly


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kurskaya antonovka


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk Root Icon of the Mother of God “The Sign”


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Cross procession (in Kursk province)


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk Triumphal Arch


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk is an ancient city (Kursk is mentioned in The Tale of Igor's Regiment) [14].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Rylsk is an ancient city (the mention of Rylsk is in the “Tale of Igor's Regiment”)


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Claim to be symbols:


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk Korenskaya Fair, Seraphim Sarovsky, Feodosy Pechersky, Mansurovo is the birthplace of Dmitry Medvedev's ancestors, Kalinovka is the birthplace of Nikita Khrushchev, Kursk field, Kursk sugar, Kozhlyanskaya toy, Evgeny Nosov, Nikolay Aseev, Alexander Deineka, Georgy Sviridov, Nadezhda Plevitskaya, Kursk is a city of military glory, Timonya Kursk, Karagod, Sudzhan carpets, Plekhovo, [14].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Economics


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The region's economy is based on the use of two main types of natural resources: fertile agricultural land and iron ores of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly mined in the Mikhailovsky quarry.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In the Russian Federation, the Kursk Region is distinguished by agricultural products, iron ore mining, sugar production and electricity generation (see Fig. Kursk NPP), light industry products [16].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Industry


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The main industries are:


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

ore mining and beneficiation; mechanical engineering (production of electrical products, counting machines, mill-elevator equipment, bearings, drilling rigs, forging equipment);


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

chemical and petrochemical (production of chemical fiber, rubber products), food (sugar production),


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

light (knitting, hemp processing) industry; production of building materials.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Agriculture


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Agricultural land in farms of all categories is 2,146 thousand hectares, or 72% of all land in the region, arable land - 1,628 thousand hectares, or 54%.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Grain, industrial and fodder crops are grown in the region.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Cattle of meat and dairy direction, pigs, poultry are bred.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Transportation


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Road transport


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk Oblast is characterized by a developed transport infrastructure.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

According to data for 2015, there are 10.7 thousand kilometers of public paved roads in the region [20].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Within the region there are highways,,,,,, Kursk-Sumy.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

All districts and cities of the region are connected to the regional center by paved roads.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Road transport accounts for 13.9% in the structure of freight traffic, and 66.7% in the structure of passenger traffic [21].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

97% of passenger traffic by public transport is carried out by buses and urban electric transport (trams and trolleybuses).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Rail transport


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

As of 2010, the operating length of railway lines in the Kursk Region is 850.6 km, 84.14 km of access roads.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The length of electrified lines is 299.4 km [22].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The Moscow—Sevastopol, Kiev—Voronezh railway lines and other lines pass through the territory of the region, and there are three major railway junctions: Kursk, Lgov, Kastornoye and 65 railway junctions stations.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

In terms of railway density, the Kursk Region occupies one of the first places in Russia [23].


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Energy


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk NPP, one of the largest in Russia, operates in the region.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Tourism


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The main purposes of trips to the region are business, religious (pilgrimage), event, medical and health, cultural and educational tourism.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

According to statistics, the largest share in the structure of the total inbound tourist flow of the Kursk Region falls on business tourism (33%) and medical and recreational (20%).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The vast majority of tourists (70.6%) visit Kursk Oblast for 1-3 days, a smaller part for 15 days or more (24.7%).


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The most popular among guests and residents of the region is the tourist and excursion route “Fire Heights of the Great Victory” (along the northern face of the Kursk Bulge), 185 km long.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are more than 30 tourist display facilities on the route: military-historical sites, museums, monuments dedicated to the battle on the Kursk Bulge, located on the territory of Ponyrovsky, Zolotukhinsky, Fatezh districts.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The brands of Kursk Oblast are “Solovyiny Krai of Russia” and “1000 Years of Russian History and Culture”.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

There are a large number of tourist display facilities on the territory of the region.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Regional events for tourists


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Procession with the Kursk Root Icon of the Mother of God “The Sign”


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Procession with the miraculous icon of the Mother of God “Pryazhevskaya”


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk Korenskaya Fair


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

International festival “Jazz Province”


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Musical and poetic evening “Nightingale Night at the estate of A. A. Feta”


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Mid-Russian Economic Forum


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Harvest Days Festival


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

“Rock under Kursk” Festival


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The festival of author's song “Nightingale Trill”


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Folklore and ritual holiday of the national calendar “Levada”


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Crafts and crafts


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kozhlyansk toy


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kursk painting


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Samoryadov patterned weaving


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Sudzhan ceramics


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Sujan carpet weaving


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Science, education and culture


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The Kursk Region is one of the regions in which the subject Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture (MIC) was introduced as a regional component of education.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Teaching in schools has been going on since 1996.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

sights


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

The most famous sights of the Kursk region are the Korennaya Pustyn, Maryino - the estate of Princes Baryatinsky, the Upper Paleolithic Avdiivka site.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Personalities


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Heroes of the Soviet Union


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Notes


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Literature


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

(oblast)


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

References


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

Kurskaya Oblast


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

— The structure of the education system, official information, regional regulations.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast

— brief information about the history of the administrative-territorial division.


Question: How long is the operational length of railway tracks in the Kursk Region?

Kurskaya Oblast


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

For the war of the 16th century, see The first war for the Polish succession.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The War of the Polish Succession was a war that took place in 1733-1735 by coalitions of Russia, Austria and Saxony on the one hand and France, Spain and the Kingdom of Sardinia on the other.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The reason was the election of the king to the Polish throne after the death of Augustus II (1733).


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

France supported the candidacy of Stanislav Leschinsky, father-in-law of Louis XV, who previously held the Polish throne during the Northern War, Russia and Austria - Saxon Elector Frederick August II, son the late king.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The victory was won by the anti-French coalition.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

According to the Peace of Vienna in 1738, Frederick Augustus was recognized as King of Poland as Augustus III, and Leszczyn received the Duchy of Lorraine; in exchange, France recognized the Pragmatic Sanction, according to which the successor Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, his daughter Maria Theresa was recognized in the hereditary possessions, and her husband Franz I Stephen was to become the emperor, who abandoned his native Lorraine in Stanislav's favor.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Background


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Polish Question in International Politics in the Late 1920s — Early 1830s


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

By the 1920s, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was excluded from big European politics, but remained an important factor in the policy of Eastern Europe [1].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The geographical location of the country, bordering on the possessions of Turkey, Russia, Sweden and the Holy Roman Empire, gave weight to the position occupied by the rulers of the state in international affairs [1].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The weakness of the central government of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the omnipotence of the aristocracy and the arbitrariness of the petty gentry made this state a restless neighbor.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

First of all, this affected Russian-Polish relations.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Robber detachments of the Polish-Lithuanian gentry attacked border villages, took peasants and stole cattle, burned fields and houses.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Polish magnates, in violation of the Eternal Peace of 1686, pursued a policy of settling lands recognized under the treaty as a neutral barrier [2].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Thus, the head Yablonovsky restored Chigirin, devastated under the Treaty of Bakhchisarai of 1681, captured several farms in the lands of the Mirgorod and Pereyaslavsky regiments, built 14 on neutral lands 203 yards, set up roadblocks and collected duties from Russian subjects [2].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The government of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth claimed Livonia and tried to limit the autonomy of the Duchy of Courland.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Polish Catholic majority persecuted Orthodox Christians in Grodno and Minsk [3].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

For the Holy Roman Empire, the Polish question was primarily related to the problem of the unity of the Empire.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In 1697, Elector Friedrich Augustus I of Saxony was elected to the Polish throne.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Elector's heirs from the marriage of his son to Archduchess Marie Josepha could claim part of the heritage of the House of Austria [4].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In Silesia, the Polish gentry, as well as in Russia, raided border settlements.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Polish-Austrian relations and persecution of “dissidents”, especially Lutherans, complicated.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The emperor was the guarantor of the rights of religious minorities in the empire, and outbursts of Catholic fanaticism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth caused Jesuit activity in Silesia and Hungary, where there were also many Lutherans.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In addition, this caused demarches on the part of the Protestant princes of the Empire, supported by England and Sweden [4].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The second half of the 1920s in Europe was marked by a sharp confrontation between two blocs of powers - the Hanover and Vienna Unions.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In 1726, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance, and the question of the policy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was supplemented by new circumstances.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Now the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth divided the lands of the two allied powers and, in the event of war, had to allow Allied troops to pass through.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The presence of a government friendly to Austria and Russia in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth has become even more necessary [4].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The position of the allies was twofold.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

For Russia, the issue was to resolve border disputes, guarantee freedom of religion for the Orthodox population of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, suppress robbery and preserve autonomy and territorial integrity of Courland [5].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On the one hand, the solution of these issues required the creation of a strong royal power in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which could curb the willfulness of the gentry and magnates.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On the other hand, Russia was not interested in strengthening the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The preservation of the “liberties and constitution of the Republic”, which created noble anarchy in the country, was a reliable guarantor against the war with the Commonwealth [5].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Both Russia and Austria were opponents of the idea of forming a Polish-Saxon kingdom, which Augustus II sought.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Allies also opposed the creation of an alliance between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Turkey, France and Sweden [4].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Russia sought from the Polish government to comply with the obligations on freedom of religion for the Orthodox assumed by the Commonwealth under the Treaty of 1689, and recognition of Russia's right to represent the interests of the Orthodox before the Polish government [6].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On the issue of freedom of religion, Russia spoke together with England, Sweden and the Netherlands, which supported their Protestant co-religionists [7].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The solution of these problems required the development of a common position.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In 1727, Austria initiated a discussion on the succession to the Polish throne after the death of King Augustus II [8].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

According to the rescript of Emperor Charles VI, this initiative was caused by the need to ensure the passage of the auxiliary corps of the Allies through the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the event of a war with the Hanover bloc [8].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On February 1 (12), 1727, at a conference of the Supreme Privy Council, the Imperial Minister in Russia, Count Ignaz Amadeus Bussy-Rabutin, announced the opinion of Emperor Charles: the emperor is against the nomination of a hereditary Prince Friedrich August of Saxon or Stanislaw Leszczynski as candidates for the Polish throne and supports the nomination of a candidate from the Polish nobility, “natural Piasts”, who are not influenced by others powers, especially France; the emperor supports the struggle against Moritz of Saxony in Courland (Count Moritz tried to become Duke) [8].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On February 9 (20), Empress Catherine I answered that she relies on the emperor to choose a candidate [8].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In 1728, August II tried to reach a rapprochement with Vienna, where Field Marshal Fleming was sent, but the Field Marshal died before negotiations began [8].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On October 2 (13), Augustus II concluded the Pact of Versailles: in the event of a war between Louis XV and Emperor Charles, King Augustus promised to remain neutral and not allow Russian troops to pass through, in response France ensured payment of subsidies to the king [8].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On November 15 (26), Russian Minister Louis Lanchinsky met with Prince Eugene of Savoy, President of Hofkrigsrat, in Vienna.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The prince confirmed that the Viennese court wants free elections of the king, will support the candidate from Piast, friendly to Russia and Austria, and will not allow the election of Leschinsky [8].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The next intensification of negotiations took place in 1730, which was due to the aggravation of the confrontation between the European blocs.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In July-August 1730, the Russian court informed Vienna that negotiations with the French were underway in Warsaw and Dresden.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On July 11 (22), Lanchinsky reported to St. Petersburg about his meeting with Prince Eugene: “When I announced to him that the news of the secret Saxon negotiation with France was continuing, he skillfully took out the handkerchief from pockets, tied a pattern and said briefly: “I remember de” [9].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On November 7 (18), 1730, the imperial ambassador, Count Franz-Karl von Vratislav, informed Vice-Chancellor Andrei Osterman of Emperor Charles's decree on the Polish question.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The emperor proposed to conclude an agreement between Prussia, Russia and Austria on the following conditions [9]:


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Ensuring freedom of election of the king and excluding Leschinsky;


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Execution of a special agreement on the candidacy of an applicant from Saxony;


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

To nominate a common candidate from Piast;


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Foreign princes should be invited only if this does not contribute to the election of Leschinsky.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On 14 (25) December, Vratislav presented a draft treaty providing for the guarantee of the Polish “Republic”, the formation of a Prussian - Russian - Austrian Council for Polish Affairs and the nomination of such a candidate, which “contained all Polish freedoms and would live in peace with all border countries” [10].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On January 2 (13), 1731, Empress Anna Ioannovna approved this project [11].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In 1730-1731, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, at the Seimas in Grodno, the issue of liquidating the autonomy of Courland and the division of the Duchy into voivodeships and povets was considered, which contradicted international agreements, so as many European powers were guarantors of the Duchy's autonomy.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In 1731, Polish-Lithuanian raids on the borders and persecution of the Orthodox intensified [11].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

These events have prompted Russia to take action.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Lieutenant General Count Karl Loewenwolde and Adjutant General Count Ernst Biron left for Berlin to coordinate actions on the Polish issue with King Frederick Wilhelm I [11] .


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In August 1731, Levenwolde left for Vienna as envoy extraordinary.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

For Emperor Charles VI, 1731 was also a turbulent year.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On 7 (18) December 1731, the Reichstag in Regensburg guaranteed the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, but the Electors of Bavaria, Palatinate and Saxony, who could claim part of the “Austrian inheritance” abstained [12].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Another demarche of Augustus II forced the Viennese court to act decisively.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On February 6 (17), 1732, Count Vratislav presented Empress Anna Ioannovna with the emperor's response to the memorial of Count Levenwold, Envoy Extraordinary in Vienna.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The emperor ordered the imperial ambassador to Warsaw, Count Wilczek, together with the Russian envoy Count Friedrich Levenwolde, “use all sorts of convenient and severe harassment, where necessary,” for protection Orthodox “dissidents” and the Russian population on the Polish border [12].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

If this is not enough, the emperor is ready to support Russia by force of arms, considering a case of aggression the situation “when one or the other side is in the late possession of its own under the mentioned allied I am concerned about the treatise of kept lands” [13].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On July 13 (24), Emperor Charles arrived incognito in Prague, where he secretly met King Friedrich Wilhelm at the house of Count Nostitz.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The monarchs agreed on joint actions in the election of the new Polish king [14].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Polish question could not leave France aside.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Since the conclusion of the Treaty of Vienna in 1726, France has pursued a policy of “eastern barrier” towards Russia.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The purpose of this policy was to create a hostile environment around Russia from Sweden, Turkey and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth [15].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

France helped Sweden rebuild the army and tried to establish allied relations between Turkey, Poland and Sweden against Russia.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The task of the “eastern barrier” policy was to weaken Russia and divert its attention from the problems of Central and Central Europe, which was supposed to ensure Russia's non-interference in the Austro-French relationships [15].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In 1728, at the Soissons Congress, Cardinal de Fleury, due to the illness of King Augustus II, invited the Swedes to agree with England and Holland to support the candidacy of Stanislav Leschinsky as a new king.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Sweden supported the French proposal and agreed to provide financial support.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In addition, Sweden announced its readiness to provide Leschinsky with armed support [16].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On July 25, 1729, Sweden made peace with Saxony, and on October 7, 1732, peace with the Commonwealth.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

These treaties legally ended the Northern War.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Both agreements were concluded without the participation of Russian mediators, as Russia insisted on, and gave French and Swedish diplomacy the opportunity to strengthen Leschinsky's position in Poland [16].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On December 2 (13), 1732, in Berlin, the Russian Ambassador Count Levenwolde and the Imperial Ambassador Count Zeckendorf concluded an agreement with King Friedrich Wilhelm on joint actions in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which became is known as the “Union of Three Black Eagles” [17].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Under the agreement, to counter Leschinsky, it was decided to deploy troops on the borders: 4,000 cavalry from Austria, 6,000 dragoons and 14,000 infantry from Russia and 12 battalions and 20 squadrons from Prussia.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The parties allocated 36,000 hearts (about 90,000 rubles) to bribe the magnates.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Portuguese Infante Manuel was declared the common candidate in the election of the king, and Prince Augustus Wilhelm of Prussia was declared a candidate in Courland.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Duke of Courland was not supposed to have possessions outside Courland and remained a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth [17].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Loewenwolde mission came to an impasse when the emperor refused to consolidate the agreements on paper.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Death of King Augustus II


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The balance of power in Europe was not in favor of King Augustus II, and most Polish magnates were opposed to him.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The last step of Augustus the Strong was the proposal to divide the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between him and Prussia.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Augustus offered Friedrich Wilhelm Polish Prussia, Courland and part of Greater Poland, the rest of the lands became a hereditary kingdom.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On December 31, 1732 (January 11, 1733), in Krosno, the king met with Prussian Minister von Grumbkow, but negotiations were interrupted due to an exacerbation of the king's illness.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Four days later, the king lay down in Warsaw, on January 18 (29) he developed a fever, and on the morning of January 21 (February 1), 1733, Elector of Saxon and King of Poland August the Strong died [17].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The death of the king was a signal for action for the European powers.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

As the Russian envoy to Vienna Louis Lanchinsky told Empress Anna: “On the vacation of my last report, a courier from the Caesar ambassador Count Wilczek from Warsaw arrived here at No. 6, and on the name of the third day At the end of the 9th hour in the morning, with the statement of the death of the King of Poland, and at that hour His Majesty Caesar called on the chief ministers, with whom he deigned to talk about it. And yesterday Prince Eugene had a conference in which, as I was informed from the local side, they put a courier with a dispatch to the court of Your Imperial Majesty and send a courier to Berlin with a dispatch in that force that all three courts try to excommunicate Stanislav Leschinsky from the Polish throne, and to produce what pleases all three powers as kings, for which a certain amount of money is determined here for the sake of declension Polish nobles” [18].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, executive power passed into the hands of Primate, Archbishop of Gniezno Count Fedor Potocki.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

By his first decrees, the Primate expelled 1,200 Saxons from the country, dissolved two regiments of the Horse Guard and accepted Augustus II's favorite regiment, the Grand Musketer, into Polish service [19].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Russian ambassador to Warsaw, Count Friedrich Levenwolde, found out in conversations with the primate that he was a firm supporter of Leschinsky.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

For Russia, the support of Leschinsky by the Potocki family did not bode well, since the Potocki controlled the voivodeships bordering Russia.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The elder of Warsaw Count Jozef Pototsky was the voivode of Kiev, Anthony Pototsky - voivode Belsky.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The relatives of the Potocki were the Russian voivode August Chartoryisky, the elder of Chigirinsky Yablonovsky, the great crown count Frantisek Ossolinsky, the crown regimentar Count Stanislav Ponyatovsky [ 19].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The support for Russia and Austria was the Lithuanian nobility, opposed to Leschinsky - regimentar Lithuanian prince Mikhail Vishnevetsky, Prince Mikhail-Kazimir Radziwill.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Pro-Austrian were set up by the voivode of Krakow Prince Fedor Lubomirsky and Kastelian Krakow prince Jan Vyshnevetsky.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

By February 12 (23), 1733, they organized a confederation in Krakow and seized salt mines, but without receiving military assistance from Austria, the Confederates soon obeyed the primacy [19].


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On April 27, 1733, the convocation Sejm opened, which preceded the electoral Sejm, at which it was decided that only a natural Pole and a Catholic who did not have his own army could be elected king, nor a hereditary power and married to a Catholic woman.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

This decision directly excluded both the Elector of Saxon and any other foreign prince from the list of candidates for the throne.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

However, when it was necessary to sign these articles, some of the electors refused to do so, after which they appealed to the Russian court with a request for help.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On August 14, 1733, the Russian ambassador Löwenwolde concluded an agreement in Warsaw with the Saxon commissars, according to which Russia and Saxony entered into a defensive alliance for 18 years, guaranteeing each other everything their European possessions and exposing auxiliary troops: Russia - 2 thousand cavalry and 4 thousand infantry, Saxony - 1 thousand infantry and 2 thousand cavalry; the Elector recognized the Russian sovereign imperial title, and upon reaching the Polish crown, he had to try to ensure that the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth did the same; both sides invited Prussia, England and Denmark to the union; the Elector undertook to use all forces for Poland to abandon its claims to Livonia; the Empress promised to assist the Elector in his intentions regarding Poland with negotiations, money, and, if necessary, army.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Electoral Seimas began on August 25.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

His work was marked by quarrels.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Already on August 29, the regimentar of Lithuania, Prince Vyshnevetsky, moved with his adherents in the amount of 3,000 people to the right bank of the Vistula River to Prague, followed by the Krakow voivode Prince Lubomirsky.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On September 11, when the primate was supposed to collect votes, the lords standing on the right bank of the Vistula sent a protest against Stanislav's candidacy, but the primate announced that only the protest which was expressed on the election floor.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

According to Stanislav's opponents, when collecting votes, the primate acted in bad faith, quickly passing by suspicious banners, and his retinue shouted at the sound of trumpets and horns: “Long live Stanislav!” Nevertheless, by evening, the majority clearly spoke in favor of Leschinsky, while the minority went to Prague at night.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On September 12, 1733, the primate announced the election of Stanislav Leszczynski as King of Poland.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Meanwhile, the minority, having published a manifesto complaining about the destruction of liberum veto, retreated to the Hungarians.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On September 22, Leschinsky, accompanied by his main supporters, as well as French and Swedish ambassadors, left for Danzig, where he intended to wait for French help.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The course of war


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Polish theater of operations


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Russian troops under the command of P. P. Lassi crossed the border on July 31, 1733 and appeared near Warsaw on September 20.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Part of the gentry a half a mile from Prague, in the Grokhov tract, under the protection of Russian troops, elected Friedrich Augustus to the throne.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Four days later, the Polish troops supporting Leszczynski left Warsaw without resistance and went to Krakow.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Siege of Danzig


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On January 16, 1734, Lassie occupied Thorne, whose inhabitants swore allegiance to August III and took the Russian garrison.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Lassie was able to lead only 12,000 soldiers to Danzig, who were not enough to storm the city, as the number of besieged exceeded the forces of the besieging.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In addition to the Poles, French engineers and a number of Swedish officers were also in the city.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In addition, their hopes were supported by the presence of French and Swedish ambassadors Monty and Rudensjöld in the city.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On March 5, 1734, Field Marshal Minich arrived at Danzig, replacing Lassi.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On March 9, Russian troops managed to capture the suburb of Scotland.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On April 18, the shelling of the city began with guns that had finally arrived.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

At the same time, the French squadron arrived, but the French landing did not find an opportunity to enter the city, as Minich cut Danzig's communication with his harbor Weichselmünde by capturing Fort Sommerschanz, so the French again boarded the ships and went to sea.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In late April, Minich decided to storm Fort Gagelsberg.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The assault, however, ended in failure.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The losses of the besiegers amounted to 2 thousand people killed and wounded.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On May 13, 11 French ships again appeared on the roadstead, which landed a landing force consisting of 2 thousand people.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On May 16, he attacked Russian retranches, while the besieged made a sortie from the city.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Both were repulsed.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Soon Danzig was approached by Saxon troops.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In addition, in early June, the Russian fleet arrived with artillery, as a result of which the French squadron, leaving the army in Weichselmund, left, losing one frigate that ran aground.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Minich, having received artillery, began to make aproshi to Weichselmünde, and on June 12, the French surrendered it.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The next day, the Münde fortification surrendered.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On June 28, 1734, Danzig also surrendered.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Leschinsky, dressed in a peasant dress, ran.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

After that, most of the Polish magnates defected to Augustus III.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On December 25, August III was crowned in Krakow.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Italian theater of operations


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Although Austrian troops did not take part in hostilities in Poland, Austria's involvement was so obvious that it presented France and Spain with a plausible pretext for declaring war on the emperor Charles VI.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The real reason for Spain's entry into the war was its desire to increase its possessions by granting one of the Italian states to Infanta Don Carlos.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Meanwhile, Charles VI, hoping for alliances, made a mistake in his calculations.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

He intended to arm England and Holland against France, but he did not succeed.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Prussia remained neutral, Russia was busy with wars with Poland and Turkey, Denmark was weak.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Wanting to conclude an alliance with Sardinia, the emperor hesitated, considering the 1st Minister of France, Cardinal Fleury, sluggish and harmless.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

However, Cardinal Fleury also managed to attract Sardinia to his side, promising her Milan.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

King Carl Emmanuel of Sardinia, appointed commander-in-chief of the Allied armies in Italy, occupied Milan in October 1733 and besieged Mantua.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

After crossing the Alps, French troops also entered Italy.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Another French army occupied Lorraine and captured Kehl in front of Strasbourg on October 29.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Taking advantage of the suspension of hostilities in winter, Charles VI hastily prepared for war, strengthening the Ettlingen lines that covered Philippsburg, forming an army in Italy and persuading the German the princely Sejm declare war on France.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The campaign of 1734


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The fighting began in February 1734.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Initially, the imperial army was commanded by Field Marshal F. K. von Mersey.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Two illnesses that befell him one after another prevented him from manifesting his characteristic energy.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

He crossed the Po River and pushed the enemy back to Padua, but due to illness was forced to temporarily surrender command of the troops.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The generals who took his place knocked down the enemy from their position at Colonna, but then retreated to Saint-Martino.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

After recovering, he attacked Marshal Coigny's Franco-Sardinian army near Parma on 29 June, but was fatally wounded.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Despite the victory, the Austrians, who lost their commander, retreated across the Sekkia River, where the new commander-in-chief, Count Koenigsek, arrived.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On September 15, 1734, after unexpectedly attacking the Allied camp near Quistello, he won, but on September 19 he was defeated at Guastalla, losing about 6,000 people and retreating to position under Lucar.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Southern Italy


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In southern Italy, the Austrians were even less successful during this time.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Don Carlos, having ascended the throne of the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza in early 1734 and wishing to exchange them for Naples, concentrated in Tuscany a strong Spanish army under the command of the Duke of Montemar, which, after passing through the Papal States, invaded Naples while the Spanish fleet blocked Civitta Vecchia.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Austrian forces scattered over the fortresses of the Kingdom of Naples could not resist the enemy, so the Austrians concentrated 6 thousand people on a fortified position at San Angelo de la Canina.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The Spaniards captured the Sant'Angelo position, overlaid Gaeta and Capua and approached Naples, which opened the gate for them on April 10, 1734.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On May 10, 1734, Don Carlos was proclaimed King of Naples under the name Charles III.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The remnants of the Austrian troops (9 thousand men) concentrated near Bitonto, but on May 25 they were defeated by Duke Montemar: more than half fell in battle, and the rest, briefly staying in Bitonto and Bari, had to lay down their arms.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Gaeta soon fell and only Count Traun was held in Capua until the end of November.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

By December 1734, the Kingdom of Naples had been cleared of Austrian troops.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Montemar, who received the title of Duke of Bitonta for his victories, then crossed to Sicily and occupied Palermo, and on June 3, 1735, Charles III was crowned King of the Two Sicilies.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

German theater of operations


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

According to the definition of the Imperial Reichstag, the principalities allied to Austria were supposed to deploy a hundred and twenty thousand army, but due to lack of money, the commander-in-chief, the Duke of Beverny, took command only 12,000 people.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Of course, with such an army, he could not even think about offensive actions.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Marshal Berwick's French army launched a campaign on April 9, 1734 with the capture of Trarbach, then crossed the Rhine and, bypassing the Ettlingen lines, forced the Austrian army to withdraw to Heilbron, where the Duke of Beverne was replaced by Eugene of Savoy, who arrived from Vienna.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The army had already grown to 26,000 people, but consisted of different nationalities that largely disagreed with each other.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The elderly Prince Eugene, embarrassed by the distrust of the Viennese court, considered it best to limit himself to passive defense.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

He continued to hold on to this course of action, despite the fact that the army gradually reached 60 thousand people.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The French besieged Philippsburg, who stubbornly defended himself, led by a brave commandant, Baron Wutgenau.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

During this siege, Berwick was killed, but his successor, the Marquis of Asfeld, ended the siege.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Prince Eugene strongly hoped for an alliance with the maritime powers and, using his previous ties with the English court, tried to involve England in the fight against France.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Despite King George II's expressed readiness and threats to Austria, in case of disagreement, to pass off Crown Princess Maria Theresa as heir to the Spanish throne, led by Walpole, denied the alliance.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Truce


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

After Austria lost hope of attracting England to its side, the emperor concluded a truce with France on November 3, 1734, and signed preconditions on May 7, 1735: Leschinsky was granted the title of Polish king and possession of all his estates in Poland, Charles III was recognized as king of both Sicilies, Sardinia received Tortona, Novara and Vigevano, and others Austrian possessions were returned to Austria; Pragmatic sanction was recognized by all Bourbon courts, the duchies of Parma and Piacenza were given to the emperor, who was asserted future possession Tuscany.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

However, agreement between the peace powers did not last long.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

France was unhappy that it had received nothing for all its donations; Spain was not inferior to Parma and Piacenza and, on the occasion of insulting its envoy in Lisbon, declared war on Portugal, asking help y England and Austria.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

England has begun to arm itself.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Sardinia has entered into negotiations with Austria.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Under these conditions, Austria demanded auxiliary troops from Russia, and the Russian government decided to send a 13,000-strong Lassi corps to help it.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On June 8, 1735, Lassi left Poland for Silesia, on August 15, the Russian army joined the imperial army and was located between Heidelberg and Ladenburg.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In addition, Denmark and Saxony promised their help to Charles VI.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

All this promised Austria success, as a result of which it, having stopped further negotiations, declared war on France.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The resumption of hostilities


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The campaign of 1735


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The 1735 campaign also began unsuccessfully for Austria.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In northern Italy, Koenigsek, crowded by the allies, was forced to retreat to Tyrol, and Mantua was besieged.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Messina and Syracuse were captured in southern Italy.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In Germany, Yevgeny Savoisky with an army of thirty thousand could hardly hold the French army.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

As a result, the emperor, seeing that hopes for success did not materialize, reiterated his desire to enter into peace negotiations.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Many Spaniards, who were at the Viennese court, fearing to lose their estates with the loss of Lombardy, persuaded the emperor to enter into negotiations with Spain, promising Don Carlos the hand of Maria Theresa, but the Archduchess opposed this plan, and the weak-willed emperor did not know what to decide on.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Finally, he himself entered into secret negotiations with France.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

At this time, things in northern Italy began to take a favorable turn for him.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The siege of Mantua was greatly delayed, thanks to the quarrels of the allies, who did not want to concede this important point to each other.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

This mutual distrust and threats of Charles VI to conclude a separate peace with Spain and Sardinia forced the French to make concessions, and on October 3, a preliminary peace treaty was signed in Vienna.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

The conditions remained the same, with the exception of some changes on the issue of the assignment of lands to Sardinia and the fact that the Duke of Lorraine in exchange for Tuscany had to cede Bar and Lorraine to France.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Sardinia also agreed to a truce.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Meanwhile, Koenigsek forced the Spaniards to lift the siege of Mantua, pushed them back to Tuscany and prepared to move to Naples.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Spain was also forced to stop hostilities.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

However, the main peace treaty was not signed for several more years, until Fleury and Walpole persuaded Austria to convince the Duke of Lorraine to cede their possessions to France for 3.5 million livres annually income and satisfy the wishes of the Sardinian king.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

War results


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On November 8, 1738, peace was signed with France.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

On February 8, Sardinia joined it, and on April 21, 1739, Spain and Naples.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In this world, Stanislav Leschinsky renounced the Polish throne, but retained the title of king and lifelong possession of Lorraine, which after his death was to be ceded to France.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Instead of Lorraine, the Duke of Lorraine received Tuscany with the title of Grand Duke; Charles III was recognized as king of both Sicilies; Parma and Piacenza remained for Austria; the Sardinian king received the western part of Lombardy, and France fully recognized the Pragmatic Sanction.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

As a result of the war, the international position of the Russian government strengthened and its influence on Poland increased.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

France, on the other hand, has weakened Austria.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Notes


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Literature


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Buturlin D. P. Military history of the campaigns of Russians in the XVIII century


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

H 3.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— SPb., 1823.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Guerrier V. The struggle for the Polish throne in 1733 — M., 1862.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Solovyov S. M. The history of Russia since ancient times.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

VOL. 20.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— MOSCOW, 1999.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

/Communication


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

P. Melnikov//Domestic notes, 1841.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— VOL. 14.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— No. 1.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— Otd.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— P. 1-5.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Soviet historical encyclopedia.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

VOL. 11.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— MOSCOW, 1968.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

In foreign languages


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Beyrich R. Kursachsen und die polnische Thronfolge 1733-36.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— Lpz.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

, 1913.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Carre H. l'Héroique aventure du comte de Plélo et l'expédition de Dantzig.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— Paris, 1946.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Massuet P. Histoire de la dernière guerre et des négotiations pour la paix, V. 1-2.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— Amsterdam, 1736-37.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Rostvorowski E. O polską koronę.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Polityka Francji w latach 1725—1733.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— Wr.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

-Kr.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

, 1958.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

Strobl W. Österreich und der polnische Thron 1733.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

— W., 1950.


Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

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Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

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Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

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Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

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War for Polish Succession

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War for Polish Succession

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Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

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Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

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Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

War for Polish Succession

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Question: Who became the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the war for the Polish succession?

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Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

Eric Radford (English: Eric Radford;, Balmertown, Ontario) is a Canadian figure skater who competed in pair skating.


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

Eric is one of the most titled greenhouses in Canadian history.


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

With Megan Duhamel, Olympic champion (2018, team competitions), silver (2014, team competitions) and bronze (2018, pair skating) Olympic medalist, two-time world champion (2015, 2016) , bronze medalist at the World Championships (2013, 2014), seven-time Canadian champion (2012-2018), two-time champion of four continents (2013, 2015), winner of the 2014 Grand Prix final.


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

Duhamel/Radford is one of the few couples to perform triple Lutz at competitions [1].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

At the 2018 Olympics, Duhamel and Radford became the first pair in the history of the Olympics to perform a clean quadruple throw of the Salchow [2].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

After competing at two Olympics, Duhamel and Radford collected a full set of awards, winning gold and silver in the 2018 and 2014 team competitions, respectively, as well as bronze in the individual tournament ( 2018).


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

Biography


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

Eric Radford grew up in Balmertown, Ontario [3].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

His father Rick works as an inspector, and Valerie's mother is a former teacher [4].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

At the age of 14, Eric moved to Kenora before moving to Winnipeg.


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

However, less than a year later, he left for Montreal, and at the age of sixteen, to Toronto.


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

Eric needed all the changes in order to realize his ambitions in figure skating [5].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

He studied music at the University of York and holds a 9th grade certificate from the Royal Conservatory of Music [4].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

He plays the piano, writes and composes music [6].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

He also became a member of the Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada in 2014.


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

In the summer of 2016, Radford wrote music for the free program for Olympic champion and three-time world champion Patrick Chan [7].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

In December 2014, Radford came out in an interview with LGBT Outsports magazine [3] [8].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

Thus, he became the first figure skater to confess to gay orientation, while being a contender for champion titles [8].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

He is an ambassador for the Canadian Olympic Committee's #OneTeam program to combat homophobia in sports [3].


Question: How many times has Eric Redford been an Olympic champion?

Eric Radford

On June 10, 2017, Radford proposed to his boyfriend, Spanish dancer Luis Fenero, to which the latter agreed [9].