Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike arrives at the apartment to sleeping Leif, finding him a special glove imitating ugliness, and a revolver that could be the murder weapon.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Waking up Leif pounces on Mike, who wins the fight.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

He handcuffs Leif and takes him outside to take him to the station.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Leif calms down when he learns that Mike is from the police, because he was afraid that he was attacked by bandits hired by robbed bookmakers.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

At this moment, fire is opened from a passing car on them, as a result of which Leif is killed on the spot, and Mike gets off with a slight wound.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

After this incident, Mike realizes that Lily is acting together with Turk and they deliberately set him up.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike comes to a secret meeting with Hippo, who reports that Turk and Leif at one time decided to rob betting outlets, hoping to defeat the existing betting network and subdue it.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike reports to Captain Forster that Turk and Leif use a collection agency as cover, and today Turk is going to strike another blow to the bookmaker's point.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike offers to establish police surveillance on the agency, and at the right time to grab Turk and his company.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

However, the captain demands instead to inform Turk through Hippo that the police know everything, and then there will be no need to establish surveillance, since Turk will not carry out the raid.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Outraged by the decision of the management to allow criminals to leave at the last minute, Mike tells the captain that he resigns from service and leaves his badge.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

After his departure, the captain instructs Gordon to contact Hippo and obey the order.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In the absence of Mike, Piper receives an urgent call informing about the whereabouts of a person with a mutilated left arm.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Deciding after two failures to restore his reputation as a strong operative, he alone goes to the named address, but dies, falling into a gangster trap.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

At the moment when Mike celebrates with Gloria and Lorfield his transfer to his service in the restaurant, Gordon informs him about the death of Piper.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Having received Gordon back his badge, Mike immediately goes to Lily, realizing that this call tried to kill him, and she is involved in it.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

When Mike claims that Turk killed Leif and Piper, Lily has to admit that it is.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

She further declares that she loves Turk, and will not give any information against him.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike arrests Lily and instructs Gordon to take Webson.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Meanwhile, Gloria reports that she is leaving for a while to live with her mother.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

After Webson's arrest, Mike intimidates him by giving information to the press that he heads a gang that smashes betting outlets.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

This scares Webson, who says that bookmakers will immediately kill him, after which he admits that he was just a gunner at betting shops, and gives out the address where Turk and Ratzo are hiding.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The police surround the bandits, who, hiding in an armored car, open powerful fire.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike gets behind the wheel of a truck and crashes into Turk's car at full speed, turning it over, causing it to catch fire.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Mike kills Ratzo when he gets out of the car and continues to shoot.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Then he pulls the mortally wounded Turk out of the car.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

At the hospital, Turk confirms Mike's words that during the robberies, he used a special glove to disguise his mutilated hand, and also applied a special cream to his face, to make it appear to be covered with pimples.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Before his death, Turk reports that Monigan was an incorruptible officer, and no one was going to kill him, Monigan just accidentally met them at the moment when they were going to rob a betting shop.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

After the completion of the case, Captain Foster sums up its results - 99 thousand dollars were stolen, four people were killed and an unknown number of robberies were committed, but now this is over.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Foster says that simultaneously with the Turk case, he carried out an operation to destroy the betting network, freeing the city from all its leaders.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

And so in order to successfully complete his operation, he did not allow Turk's case to be forced.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

After that, Mike hurries to the airport to Gloria, but bitterly sees the plane taking off.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Turning to her voice, Mike sees that Gloria has not flown anywhere, but is waiting for him.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

They hug and kiss each other.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Cast


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Van Johnson vs. Mike Konovan


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Arlene Dahl vs Gloria Konovan


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Gloria Dehaven — Lily


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Tom Drake is Detective C.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Si.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Gordon


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Leon Ames — Captain A. S. Forester


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

John McIntyre — Detective Fred Piper


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Donald Woods vs. Bob Herkeimer


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Norman Lloyd — Sleeper


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Jerome Cowan vs. Arthur Webson


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Tom Powers as Judge Menafow


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Richard Benedict vs. Turk Kingby


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Anthony Caruso vs. Tony Ratzo


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Robert Gist — P.J.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Pontiac


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Romo Vincent — Hippo


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Tom Helmore vs. Norrie Lorfield


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Caleb Peterson — Loomis


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

William Hud — Leif Dock


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Filmmakers and leading actors


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In 1948, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was headed by Dor Chari, and under his leadership, the studio staged a series of “noir ultra-realistic thrillers”, including, according to film historian Frank Miller, “this movie was one of the best.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In addition, as the film critic notes, “the film gave the stars of the studio the opportunity to start new careers, moving from the ostentatious splendor of the 1930s and 40s to a more realistic world of the 1950s” [1].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

As Miller further writes, “to give the story a noir tone, Shari commissioned the script to studio newcomer Charles Schney, whose first script was the thriller I'm Always Alone (1947), in which he made an attempt to combine the gangster genre with the realities of post-war life. In the same year as Crime Scene, Schney wrote the script for one of the greatest noir films, They Live at Night (1948), giving one of the first variations on the story of Bonnie and Clyde. Later, Schney will win the Oscar for the noir dissection of Hollywood life in the film “The Evil and the Beautiful” (1952)”.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

He has scripts for noir films such as “The Accused” (1949) and “Born to Be Bad” (1950) [1].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to Miller, director Roy Rowland “tried to master the worlds of realism and glamor at MGM for many years. He began his directing career there with the stellar musical Hollywood Party (1934), but after the failure of the film, he was sent to the world of short films”, where he “polished his mastery of realistic dramas from the series “Crime Does Not Pay Off”, as well as comic shorts by Robert Benchley and Pete Smith” [1].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Rowland then returned to feature films, staging the sturdy crime thriller Killer McCoy (1947), in which the studio attempted to tighten the screen image of a light comedian Mickey Rooney.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Rowland later directed “one of the coolest films ever released on MGM, Cheating Cop” (1954), a brutal crime story starring Robert Taylor. At the same time, Rowland achieved his most significant recognition with the childish fantasy “5000 Fingers of Dr. T” (1953), a cult film based on the history of Dr. Seuss”.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Rowland later directed two more noir films, Witness to Murder (1954) and Libel (1957) [1].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to the American Film Institute, “this film was the last for producer Harry Rapf, whose film career spanned four decades. He entered MGM in 1924 and died of heart failure on February 7, 1949, a week after filming the film began,” and another producer finished the film [2] [3].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

As Miller points out, “Van Johnson achieved star status during World War II, when his unfit status helped him stay in Hollywood and become the idol of millions of girls adolescence. At that time, his paintings were lavish comedies, often complemented by musical inserts.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

However, studio producer Dor Chari was able to see Johnson's “outwardly soft appearance as something tougher, trying him in a serious role in the realistic World War II drama Team Decision” ( 1948) with Clark Gable in the lead role.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

As Miller further writes, “in Crime Scene, Johnson played his first major role as a tough guy, continuing in the same vein with Shari's widely acclaimed story of the Second World War “Battlefield” (1949)”.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

After doing a good role in the film, Johnson received an offer to play Eliot Ness in the crime series The Untouchables (however, his salary requests cost him the role he got Robert Stack) [1].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Like Johnson, Gloria Dehaven “also tears up with her established image as a cheerful engineer. After mastering the profession through a series of small fun roles that made the most of her beauty and singing talent, she landed the lead role in Summer Vacation (1948), a musical production of Eugene O'Neill's play “Oh Desert” starring Mickey Rooney.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

After that, Shari decided that “the actress needs to show her dramatic side more and play older roles, and therefore gave her the role of a stripper and gangster girlfriend who is trying to prevent Johnson looking for him.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to Miller, Dehaven “will continue to develop the dramatic side of his talent”, in particular as Glenn Ford's bohemian sister in the melodrama Doctor and the Girl (1949) [1].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The story of the film


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to film historian Glenn Erickson, during the 1930s and 40s, “the well-lubricated wheels of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film factory produced good entertainment, but by its technical standards, the studio gravitated towards sterile films, although time required a bolder approach.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In this regard, according to Erickson, having headed MGM, Dor Chari “decided to expand the range of projects of the studio”.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Instead of “synthesized by Louis B. Mayer versions of reality” Shari decided to create “films adequate to reality with meaning. Chari's films on social themes did not bring much success, but he was able to bring a “noir” atmosphere to the studio's crime thrillers” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Hal Erickson also notes that Shari “brought a much-needed dose of sharp realism to this venerable studio” [3].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Although according to film historians Bob Porfirio and Allen Silver, “it seems a little inappropriate to have an actor like Van Johnson in the film noir, these anomalies were typical of short-lived of the MGM noir series during the reign of Dor Chari”.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Nevertheless, the studio managed to “ensure a smooth transition from its gangster films of the 1930s to films noir” with shorts from the series “Crime Does Not Pay Off” and detectives such as” Belorussian Murderers” (1942), “Murder at Central Station” (1942) and “Rage in Heaven” (1941) [5].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

At the end of January 1949, the Hollywood Reporter reported that Donna Reed was originally planned for the role of Arlene Dahl [2].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to the Hollywood Reporter in March 1949, the film was completed on schedule and “easily fit” into a budget of $750,000 [2].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to Glenn Erickson, “the film was more than successful at the box office” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Film critic rating


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Overall score of the film


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Both after the release on the screens and at present, critics assess the picture with restraint, but in general positively.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In particular, in 1949, New York Times film columnist Bosley Krauser called the film “a detective comedy drama with violence of a rather ordinary kind”, during which the viewer “is presented with a short course advanced training in solving crimes, a dictionary of criminal jargon and a couple of odes to the nobility of cops.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

In addition, the viewer “is privileged to meet several colorful criminals, among which the funniest is Sleeper, a gangster enjoyed by Norman Lloyd.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The most important thing, according to Krauser, is that the viewer “is allowed to watch Mr. Johnson take care of ladies for every taste, which becomes one of the pleasant duties of a detective. He not only cuddles his wife, who is very seductively played by the new charming Arlene Dahl, close to him, cooing gently, but also throws his energy to work in a nightclub, where he tries to find out certain the secrets of a purely professional sense are also a rather elegant lady played by Gloria Dehaven. In both of his love assignments, Mr. Johnson will undoubtedly delight his fans” [6].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

As a result, Krauser comes to the conclusion that the film “has only one task - to please the fans of Mr. Johnson. And the film fulfills this task in full, because the script, production and acting in this film fully correspond to Mr. Johnson's talents as the right and charming gentleman” [6] .


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Modern film historian Spencer Selby called the film “a strong police drama with a real noir atmosphere, in which a police detective investigates the case of his former partner, who was killed in circumstances that allow him to be suspected of corruption” [7], on the other hand, according to Keene, “this is a standard crime film, enhanced by good acting and an amazing climax shootout” [8].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Dennis Schwartz noted that this is “one of the few noir films made by MGM”.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

He further wrote that the film “came out when Dor Chari was head of the studio, when he biased towards producing more realistic films. It was a transitional film between gangster cinema of the 1930s and modern police television series” [9].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The film, according to Schwartz, “is filmed in the style of the television series Roundup (1951-59), showing the usual police procedures during the investigation of the case. He portrays hardworking police officers in a pretty light, talking about how often they are misunderstood in society, and how they are sometimes betrayed by reporters who want to make headlines, even when they don't have enough facts.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Johnson's Mike “acts like a good cop who is disappointed by the low salary and the pressure exerted on him at home, at work with the politicking that reigns there, as well as the attitude ungrateful public” [9].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Hal Erickson also notes that “the film is very close to the Roundup School with its unadorned, glamorous police procedures: it follows MGM's standard formula only in the final reconciliation scene” [3].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to Craig Butler, although “in some circles the film is admired as a cool noir”, nevertheless, “it is just a little more than a standard police procedural. Without a doubt, it is fascinating, but at the same time, there is nothing about it that raises it above the average level.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Modern viewers, who “grew up on decades of police teledramas, have seen too much in this film many times before”, and therefore it may seem “boring” to them.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Despite the recognition of the film, “fans of crime thrillers will still enjoy it” [10].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Glenn Erickson describes the film as “an easy version of the noir, where the cool story is softened by the stellar cast and the glamorous style of the studio.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

However, the film “is a fascinating show about cops that will appeal to fans of its stars.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The film critic emphasizes that “this is quite authentic noir in the sense that the cop in the lead role acts in the zone of moral twilight. He not only deceives a woman to get the information he needs from her, but also intimidates witnesses and informers in order to get what he needs” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Bob Porfirio and Allen Silver also drew attention to the fact that there are “a few roughly naturalistic moments” in the film - McIntyre's image of a police martyr, a wild fight between Leif and Mike, and finally, the last words of the dying Turk about his loyal girlfriend Lily: “I hate hookers... They always have to say 'I love you baby'... a waste of time” [5].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Arthur Lyons also draws attention to the last scene, commenting on the specifics of romantic relationships in a gangster environment [11].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Porfirio and Silver note that “Rowland is expanding the traditional roles of actors such as Johnson and McIntyre”, resulting in a “naturalistic image” thanks to the images they create police.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Johnson's growing understanding of the integrity of the underworld, who performs his own police functions, “increases his disillusionment with “his career goals” and forces him to yield to the pressure of his wife” by agreeing to a quiet job in a large company.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

However, “the brutal denouement becomes a spiritual catharsis, which only partially restores the hero's self-confidence after his failure with Lily and his temporary dismissal from the police” [5].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to Miller, “although this film seems to have gone far from MGM's glamorous past, it was nevertheless firmly connected with the studio, drawing on the experience of realistic crime shorts in the series” The crime does not pay off” of the 1930s and 40s, as well as such low-budget films of the early 1940s as “The Belorussian Killers” and “Murder at the Central Station” (both 1942) [1].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

As Miller further noted, the film “made a profit thanks to its relatively small budget and the continued support of Johnson's fans. This was enough to keep Shari in the office while he was trying to restructure MGM to meet the changing tastes of the audience. With the spread of television, which eroded the film market, small noirs like this eventually switched to the small screen” [1].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Assessment of the director's and creative team's work


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to Glenn Erickson, the film was made in the McCarthyism era, when Hollywood blacklisted disloyal filmmakers, and therefore “no one in it talks about the problems of the system or the widespread spread corruption.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

And in the final, there is “a very non-war line that all the bad guys are caught in a raid,” which, as Erickson ironically notes, “great, which means there are no more illegal bets in Los Angeles will be.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Thus, according to the critic, “the glamor and sentimentality of MGM fill the vacuum in the film that arises from the lack of social context” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Erickson also notes that “the script is full of cool harsh conversations and police jargon, which however sounds completely wrong. Screenwriter Charles Schney, although he has written several classic films (and a couple of excellent noirs), nevertheless, he does not have the rumor for quick verbal skirmishes that Raymond has Chandler” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to Schwartz, screenwriter Schney “fills the film with lines that attract attention in both good and bad ways”, and “the production was made by Rowland with masterful efficiency” [9].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Butler also considers “Roy Rowland's production good, almost great” [10], on the other hand, Glenn Erickson believes that it is “barely noticeable and lacks the sharpness that was brought during this period to MGM genre films such new talents as Anthony Mann, Richard Brooks, John Berry and John Sturges, as well as John Houston with his outstanding film Asphalt Jungle (1950)” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Glenn Erickson notes that the technical side of the film is made to the high standards of MGM, which “gives the film a clean look, devoid of the characteristic stylization that could emphasize its gloomy content. Several scenes show shadows from the blinds on the walls, but even the thieves' dens are spacious, clean and well lit. The exception is the city streets in the center, shown mainly from the windows of moving cars.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

So, when Johnson watches from the car, it's “always a rear projection of a picture shot in the studio. When he steps on the sidewalk, it is always an impressive urban scenery in the MGM film pavilion (of course, the sidewalk is properly washed)” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The glamorous nature of the MGM picture is also manifested in scenes where “Mike's stunningly gorgeous wife sits at home in the evening waiting for her husband. She is always beautifully dressed, has a great makeup and hairstyle, where every hair is in its place.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

And then, “when the couple goes out into town, Mike wears a tuxedo, and they often go to luxurious nightclubs where Mike and Gloria feel right.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

At the same time, as Erickson points out, if you “look at the real detectives of Los Angeles of that time, even the most beautiful of them had exhausted faces and bags under the eyes. They were often single, and married people rarely saw their wives” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Porfirio and Silver draw attention to the fact that “like the later film “Cheating Cop”, this Rowland film uses such uncharacteristic MGM paintings, but typical of noirs scenes like dark streets and utility rooms of old warehouses”, and uses “Paul Vogel's stylish cinematography” [5].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Actor Rating


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Butler, who found the film a little boring, further noted that “the cast gives it some interest.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

For example, Van Johnson “plays against his role, and although it is a little strange at times to hear some phrases from a person whom the audience is used to seeing friendly and gentle, he is still quite good” [10].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Miller recalls that “Johnson's wit in this film came from his experience playing comedy”, while “here he also demonstrated an unexpected ability to be cynical” [1].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to Butler, “Gloria Dehaven is even better than Johnson, who also plays the role of a traitor girl contrary to her role. Dehaven is so good that you just wonder why she didn't play this type of role more often.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Butler also notes Arlene Dahl, who “although not dramatic, is so attractive that few will pay attention to the quality of her performance” [10].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Glenn Erickson believes that while Johnson is not to blame for this, “his image of a handsome man works against the credibility of this film with a cool atmosphere. To make Johnson look tougher, he is given a partner with an even more childish face in the face of Tom Drake, a good actor best known for his role as boyfriend neighbor Judy Garland in Meet Me in St. Louis “(1944)” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The critic further writes that John McIntyre seems to be invited “to give the picture sentimentality. When his deteriorating eyesight began to slow down the work of the team, he decides to atone for his mistakes by violating the first rule of the cop's work: never go against bad guys without cover.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

According to Erickson, he does his role best, “and therefore the magnificent Norman Lloyd dominates this film. His slippery snitch named Sleeper is really eccentric, sticking his speeches with a touch of madness” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Erickson further writes that “MGM definitely tried to load its expensive stable of contract actors with work. Gloria Dehaven's niche in the glamorous factory was exhausted when she was no longer needed to play in student musicals”, and in this film she landed the role of “slutty stripper”.


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Going on stage, “powdered and dressed up, Dehaven looks like a candy that has not been touched by human hands and performs her strip dance in which she does not take anything off herself, and It doesn't excite anyone. Yes, she is not Rita Hayworth, but the claims against her will not be fair, as every time Dehaven exudes a morally impeccable image of MGM.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

The actress “puffs out her lips and gets angry trying to play dirty, but it doesn't go away.”


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Her performance becomes “another example of studio glamor that harms history” [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

At the same time, Erickson praised the actors who play relatively small roles of cool characters, including Donald Woods, Jerome Cowan, Leon Ames and Richard Benedict [4].


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Notes


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Literature


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

References


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

on the IMDb website


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

on Allmovie website


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

on the American Film Institute website


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

on the Turner Classic Movies website


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Category:Films noir


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Category: 1949 American films


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Category:Movies in English


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Category:black and white US films


Question: In what year was Crime Scene nominated for Best Feature Film?

Crime Scene (1949 film)

Category: Films directed by Roy Rowland


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The collision over Zagreb was a major plane crash that occurred on Friday, September 10, 1976.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

British Airways HS-121 Trident 3B airliners (flight BE476 London-Istanbul, call sign Bealine 476) collided in the skies over Yugoslavia (now Croatia) near Vrbovec and over the Zagreb radio beacon and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31 of Inex-Adria Aviopromet (flight JP550 Split-Cologne, call sign - Adria 550).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The crash killed all 176 people on both aircraft (63 on the Trident (54 passengers and 9 crew members) and 113 on the DC-9 (108 passengers and 5 crew members)) and 1 person on the ground.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

At the time of the events (1976), this was the largest airborne collision in terms of the number of victims.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

It also remains the largest in the history of Yugoslavia (after its collapse it became the largest in Croatian history) and in the history of British Airways (not counting its predecessors).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Aircraft details


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

HS-121 Trident 3B


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The HS-121 Trident 3B (registration number G-AWZT, serial 2320) was released in 1972 (maiden flight on May 26).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

On June 6 of the same year, it was transferred to British European Airways (BEA), from which it moved to British Airways on April 1, 1974.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

It is equipped with three Rolls-Royce Spey 512-5W turbofan engines.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

On the day of the disaster, he made 6,952 take-off and landing cycles and flew 8627 hours [1].


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The crew of flight BE476 was as follows:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The commander of the aircraft (FAC) is 44-year-old Dennis W. Tann (English: Dennis V. Tann).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

A very experienced pilot, worked for British Airways for 19 years and 1 month (from July 11, 1957).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

It flew 10,781 hours, 399 of them on the Trident 3B.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The co-pilot is 29-year-old Brian E.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Helm (English: Brian E. Helm).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

An experienced pilot who worked for British Airways for 7 years and 6 months (since February 24, 1969).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

It flew 3,655 hours, 1,592 of them on the Trident 3B.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Flight engineer — 24-year-old Martin J.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Flint (English: Martin J. Flint).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

He worked for British Airways for 3 years and 5 months (since April 2, 1973).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

It flew 1640 hours, 1444 of them on the Trident 3B.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Six flight attendants worked in the cabin:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

David J.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Crook (English: David J. Crook), 33 years old, senior flight attendant.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

With British Airways since March 29, 1965.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Lawrence J.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

O'Keefe (English: Lawrence J. O'Keefe), 30 years old.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

With British Airways since April 13, 1970.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Anne P. Wally (English: Anne P. Whalley), 32 years old.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

With British Airways since March 7, 1966.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Rona Goddard-Crawley (English: Rona Goddard-Crawley), 31 years old.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

With British Airways since April 12, 1966.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Jennifer D. Munday (English: Jennifer D. Munday), 30 years old.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

With British Airways since June 19, 1967 (with the crew of the G-AWZT since April 26, 1976).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Ruth W. Pedersen (English: Ruth W. Pedersen), 26 years old.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

With British Airways since February 28, 1972.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31 (registration number YU-AJR, factory 47649, serial 741) was released in 1974 (first flew on July 2 under test b/n N54638).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

On March 5, 1976, it was transferred to Inex-Adria Aviopromet.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

It is equipped with two Pratt & Whitney JT8D-9A dual-circuit turbofan engines.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

On the day of the disaster, it made 990 take-off and landing cycles and flew 1,345 hours [2] [3].


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The crew of flight JP550 was as follows:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The commander of the aircraft (FAC) is 51-year-old Joze Krumpak (Slovenia: Jože Krumpak).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

He is a very experienced pilot, worked for Inex-Adria Aviopromet for 14 years (since 1962).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

He operated Douglas DC-6 and Douglas DC-8 aircraft.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

It flew 10,157 hours, 3,250 of them on the DC-9.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The co-pilot is 29-year-old Dusan Ivanuš (Slovene: Dušan Ivanuš).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

An experienced pilot, worked for Inex-Adria Aviopromet for 2 months and 13 days (since June 28, 1976).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

He operated a Convair CV-440 aircraft.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

It flew 2,951 hours, 1,583 of them on the DC-9.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Three flight attendants worked in the cabin:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Lydia Ofentavšek (Slovenia: Lidija Ofentavšek), 29 years old, is a senior flight attendant.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Mojca Sila (Slovenia: Mojca Sila), 23 years old.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Christmas tree Zagar (Slovenia: Jelka Žagar), 24 years old.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Timeline of events


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Preceding circumstances


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Flight BE476 took off from London at 08:32 AM [* 1].


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

There were 54 passengers and 9 crew members on board.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

After departure, the liner took the FL330 echelon (33,000 feet or 10,000 meters) and then flew on autopilot to the southeast.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Flight JP550 took off from Split at 09:48 AM.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

There were 108 passengers on board (107 of them were German tourists returning from a vacation in Dalmatia) and 5 crew members.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The situation over Zagreb


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Several air corridors converged in the skies over Zagreb, including from Western Europe to Southern Europe, as well as to the Middle East and North Africa.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Also, for convenience, the airspace was divided into three sectors: lower (up to 7620 meters), middle (from 7620 to 9448 meters) and upper (above 9448 meters).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

But with such a busy movement of aircraft in the center of the Zagreb ATC, there was an acute shortage of air traffic controllers, of whom only 30 people worked there, although it should have been twice as many.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

As a result, the dispatchers worked for 12 hours.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

In addition, the radar installed in 1973 was never calibrated and gave readings with an error of up to 300 meters.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

In such conditions, over the previous 5 years, 32 dangerous rapprochement of aircraft took place in the skies over Zagreb, which almost ended in plane crashes, which caused 2 dispatchers to be fired.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

As a result, management simply began to turn a blind eye to the constant delays of employees and their absence from the workplace.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

On September 10, 1976, at 06:00, the morning shift of dispatchers under the leadership of 43-year-old Julio Dajcić (Croatian: Julio Dajćić) took up work.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The upper sector was led by 28-year-old dispatcher Croatian: Gradimir Tasić, and assisted by 29-year-old Croatian: Mladen Hochberger.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Unlike the rest of his shift colleagues who had a rest before work, Tasic worked for the third shift in a row without interruption.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Four hours after they started working, at 10:00, Hochberger went to look for the missing replacement (34-year-old Nenad Tepež), and Tasic was left alone at the radar.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

At 10:04, flight BE476 (Trident 3B), which had left Austria, appeared on the radar screen, which was at that time on the FL330 echelon (10,050 meters) and flying at a course of 120-122°.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:04:12 Be476Zagreb, this is Beeline 476, good morning (English: Zagreb, Bealine 476, good morning).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Zagrebabiline ATC 476, good morning, speak (English: Bealine 476, good morning, go ahead). 10:04:19 Be476This is 476th, passed Klagenfurt at 02 [10:02], 330 [echelon] and expect Zagreb in one four [10:14] ( English: Er, 476, is Klagenfurt at 02, 330 and estimating Zagreb at One Four). 10:04:27 ATC Zagrebabiline 476, understood, tell me when you pass Zagreb, flight altitude 330, defendant Alpha 2312 (English: Bealine 476, roger, call me passing Zagreb, flight level 330, SQUAWK Alpha 2312). 10:04:40 Be476I dial 2312 (English: 2312 is coming).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

This was the last message we received from flight BE476.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Tasic himself switched to a Turkish Airlines plane almost immediately after the transfer.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

And the uncalibrated radar at that time showed the wrong flight altitude of flight BE476 — level FL335 (10,200 meters).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Meanwhile, the middle sector was led by dispatchers: 29-year-old Bojan Erjavec (Croatian: Bojan Erjavec) and 28-year-old Gradimir Pelin (Croatian: Gradimir Pelin).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

At 10:05am, Erjavets was contacted by flight JP550 (DC-9), which had previously been in the lower sector for about 10 minutes and entered the middle sector after climbing from the FL240 level (7,300 meters).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:05:57 JP550Adria 550, took 260, requesting the upper echelon (English: Adria 550, leveling 260, standing by higher). 10:06:03 Zagreb ATC 550, sorry, but 330... uh... 310 is busy now, 280 too, maybe Will you go up to 350?


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

(English: 550, sorry, 330... e... 310 is not available, 280 also, are you able to climb may be to 350?). 10:06:11 JP550 I confirm, confirm, with pleasure (English: Affirmative, affirmative, with pleasure).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

After that, Erjavec tried to attract Tasic's attention by raising his hand up.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

But he made it clear that he was now very busy and against additional aircraft in his sector.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

However, while in the middle sector, flight JP550 interfered with many other flights departing from Yugoslav airports.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Therefore, Erjavec asked Pelin and Tasic to coordinate a steep ascent for flight JP550.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Pelin approached Tasic, showed him a strip of flight JP550 and asked if the flight could take the FL350 train (10,650 meters).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Looking at the strip, Tasic asked where the plane was located, to which Pelin pointed him to the radar light from the Kostajnica radio beacon.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The answer was initially yes, but Pelin noticed another highlight moving from Metlika's side and pointed to it, to which Tasic said that we should wait for them to diverge.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Pelin then went to the mid-sector radar for a while to make sure that the position of flight JP550 relative to the upper sector radar was correct.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Then, together, they observed a divergence of flights on the radar, after which Tasic allowed Flight JP550 to command flight to climb.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Pelin reported this to Erjavec, who again contacted flight JP550:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:07:40 ZagrebaAdria 550 ATC, I allow you to occupy the 350 air echelon (English: Adria 550, recalled flight level 350). 10:07:45 JP550Thank you, I go up to 350.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Adria 550 (English: Thank you, climbing to 350. Adria 550).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Immediately after this transfer, Pelin called the Vienna Department of Internal Affairs and warned that flight JP550 would be on the FL350 level.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Then the dispatcher contacted the flight and warned him about the approach to the Kostajnica beacon, after which there was already a Zagreb area, and demanded to report when passing the FL290 echelon (8850 meters).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The crew confirmed the information received, after which the liner, flying at a speed of 505 km/h at a course of 353° towards the Zagreb beacon, began to climb.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

After a while, flight JP550 contacted again:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:09:49 JP550Zagreb, Adria 550.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

I cross 290 (English: Zagreb, Adria 550. Is out of 290). 10:09:53 Zagreb ATC Got it, report to me as soon as you cross 310 (English: Roger, call me crossing 310, now). 10:09:55 JP550 understood (English: Roger).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Flight JP550 took more than 2 minutes to climb from level FL290 to FL310 (9450 meters).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:12:03 JP550Zagreb, Adria 550 crossed 310 (English: Zagreb, Adria 550 out of 310). 10:12:06 Zagreb ATC 550, switch to Zagreb.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

134.45 MHz receiver frequency.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Have a good day sir (English: 550, for further Zagreb. 134.45 MHz SQUAWK stand by. Good day, Sir). 10:12:12 JP550 I switch to 134.45 MHz.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Have a nice day (English: SQUAWK stand by 134.45 MHz. Good day).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

colliding


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The frequency of 134.45 MHz, to which Erjavec instructed the crew of flight JP550 to switch, was the waiting signal code.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Thus, the middle sector dispatcher wanted to make the work of his colleague easier, since the aircraft mark with a non-standard code that appeared on the radar should immediately attract attention.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

But this was a mistake, as this wait signal code was intended for the middle sector, not the upper sector.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

In addition, the radar was configured so that a warning signal was issued only if an unknown aircraft entered the area of responsibility, or the aircraft with a “foreign” defendant code suddenly started on its own move to a different height.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

But this control system did not respond to a wait signal from another sector.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Hochberger, meanwhile, came across Tepez who was late and both stayed in the corridor, so Tasic continued to work alone at the radar.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

He was on 11 flights at once and, due to overwork, at first did not notice that a green dot appeared on the screen without a mark.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Soon, late, Pelin approached Tasich and handed him the JP550 flight card.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Absorbed by the work, Tasic only glanced at it in passing and did not notice that it indicated the wrong flight altitude.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The crew of flight JP550 initially did not contact the dispatcher, most likely due to the fact that the frequency of negotiations at that time was busy.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

At this time, Tasic was visited by Hochberger's replacement Nenad Tepez.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

As a result, the load on Tasic only increased, as he had to not only conduct radio conversations, but also to introduce Tepezha into the situation at that time.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

After that, Tepezh engaged in telephone conversations with other ATCs.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Due to his busy schedule, Tasic did not have time to properly study the data of flight card JP550 and did not know that it was gaining altitude.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Meanwhile, flight JP550 reached the Zagreb beacon at 10:14:04, and therefore contacted the dispatcher, while negotiating in a mixture of English and Croatian:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:14:04 JP550Good afternoon Zagreb, Adria 550 (Croatian: Dobar dan, Zagreb, Adria 550). 10:14:07 ZagrebaAdria Department 550, Zagreb, good afternoon, speak (Croatian: Adria 550, Zagreb, dobar dan, go ahead). 10:14:10 JP550325 passed, Zagreb for one four [10:14] (English: 325 crossing, Zagreb at One Four).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Tasic was taken aback by what he heard and immediately asked again:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:14:14 Zagreb Department of Internal Affairs What is your height now?


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

(English: What is your present level?) 10:14:17 JP550327.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Tasic realized that the moving mark on the radar that had just passed over the beacon was the same flight JP550.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

And now this flight is flying up to the intersection with flight BE476, which, according to radar readings, is flying on level FL335 (10,200 meters), that is, a collision may occur.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Panicking, Tasic switched to his native Croatian and, stumbling, shouted to JP550:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:14:22 Zagreb ATC... uh... linger at the height Zagreb passed on!


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

(Croatian:... e... zadržite se na toj visini i javite prolazak Zagreba!) 10:14:27 JP550What is the height?


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

(Croatian: Kojoj visini?) 10:14:29 The Zagreban ATC you have just taken off, because... uh... a plane is flying in front of you on... [nrzb] 335 [echelon] from left to right!


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

([Na kojoj ste sada u penjanju jer... e... imate avion pred vama na... [nrzb] 335 sa leva na desno!


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

] error: {{lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) 10:14:38 JP550O.K.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

, we stay exactly 330 (Croatian: OK, ostajemo točno 330).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

These were the last words from flight JP550.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

This radio broadcast was conducted in Croatian, which greatly complicated the situation, as its meaning was not clear to aircraft crews from other countries, including the crew of flight BE476.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Deciding that the situation was corrected, Tasic took up other flights.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Half a minute after talking to flight JP550, he tried to contact flight BE476:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:15:06 Zagrebabiline Department of Internal Affairs 476, Zagreb... report on the passage of Nasice (English: Bealine 476, Zagreb... report passing Nasice). 10:15:12 Be778Bitors 778, are you calling it...?


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

(English: Beatours 778, were you calling...?) 10:15:14 Zagreb ATC The answer is negative (English: Negative).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Ignoring calls from the crews of other aircraft, Tasic began calling flight JP550 and then BE476:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:15:50 ZagrebaAdria Department of Internal Affairs 550, Zagreb... (English: Adria 550, Zagreb...) 10:16:00 ZagrebaAdria Department of Internal Affairs 550, Zagreb... 10:16:14 ZagrebaAdria Department of Internal Affairs 550, Zagreb... 10:16:32 ZagrebaAdria Department of Internal Affairs 550, Zagreb... 10:16:42 ZagrebaAdria Department of Internal Affairs 550, Zagreb... 10:16:50 Zagrebabiline ATC 476, Zagreb... (English: Bealine 476, Zagreb...) 10:16:58 Zagrebabiline ATC 476, Zagreb...


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Both flights were silent.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Meanwhile, Lufthansa Boeing 737 (flight LH360) flew east along the UB5 air corridor.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

It followed flight FL290 and at a distance of 25 kilometers after flight BE476.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Suddenly, the co-pilot saw a flash ahead, and then a balloon of smoke appeared.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Boeing commander Joseph Kröse (German: Josef Kröse) tried to contact the middle sector dispatcher, which he did not immediately succeed:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:15:40 LH360... uh Zagreb!


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Looks like we saw a collision in the air.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

We're talking about two planes probably just below our position (English:... e Zagreb! It is possible we have a mid-air collision in sight. We have two aircraft going down, well, almost below our position now).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The commander was so excited that Erjavec could not understand him.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

And Creuse himself, when listening to the audio recording with his report, could hardly make out his own speech.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

As a result, after a while, he contacted the dispatcher again:


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

10:18:12 LH360It is possible that there was a collision in front of us in the air... uh... right over Zagreb.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

We saw two planes rushing to the ground... and smoke was coming from them (English: It is possible that the other aircraft ahead of us had a mid-air collision... er... just overhead Zagreb. We had two aircraft going down with a rapid rate of descent... and there was also smoke coming out).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Hearing these words, Erjavec was stunned and looked at Tasic.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

He had already realized what had happened, and now, pale with shock, took off his headphones and put them on the remote in front of him.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Just 3 seconds after its last communication with Zagreb (around 10:14:41), on the FL330 level (10,050 meters), flight JP550 crashed into a flight at an angle of 122° and with a total speed of about 1,700 km/h BE476 (DC-9 — course 353°; Trident 3B — 115° course).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

With the leading edge of the left wing 5 meters long, the DC-9 cut the cockpit and the front of the passenger compartment of the Trident, which immediately killed all three pilots, and the passengers in the cabin quickly suffocated from lack of oxygen.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

From the impact, the left wing of the DC-9 came off, as a result of which the left fuel tank exploded.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The debris flew into the left engine, which also exploded.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Collapsing in the air, the DC-9 rushed to the ground in the vineyards below.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The surviving crew tried to get the plane out of the peak, but due to the damage, it was impossible to do so.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The last words written on the black box were said by the co-pilot: That's it.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Goodbye.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Goodbye (English: We are finished. Goodbye. Goodbye).


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

DC-9 crashed into the ground near Vrbovec and 26 kilometers northeast of Zagreb.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Due to the strong design of the fuselage, the Trident 3B lasted a little longer in the air and collapsed to the ground 4 kilometers from the DC-9.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The policeman, who was one of the first to arrive at the crash site, said that among the wreckage of the Trident he found a girl who was still showing signs of life, but died before the ambulance arrived.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

All 176 people on both aircraft were killed (63 on the Trident 3B and 113 on the DC-9), as well as 1 person on the ground, who was 177 victims.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Investigations


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The UK Accident Investigation Division (AAIB) was engaged in the investigation of the causes of the collision over Zagreb.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Court


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

All dispatchers from the Zagreb Internal Affairs Directorate were arrested by noon.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

All of them were later released, with the exception of Gradimir Tasic, who was kept in custody pending trial.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

The trial took place on April 11, 1977 and was attended by five air traffic controllers, a shift supervisor and two officials as accused.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

All of them were charged under Article 271-72 (“Violations in the work of railway, sea and air traffic that endangered people and their property”), which threatened imprisonment of up to 20 years old.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

After a long trial, Gradimir Tasic was found to be the only guilty and sentenced to 7 years in prison.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

This arrest led to waves of protest from air traffic controllers around the world, who claimed that Tasic had been made a scapegoat.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Various major organizations, including the International Air Transport Association and the International Association of Professional Pilots, have also petitioned for review of the case, as well as many air traffic controllers unions.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

As a result, the case was reviewed and Gradimir Tasic was acquitted.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

On November 29, 1978, after more than 26 months of arrest, he was released.


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

See also


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Collision of two Tu-134s over Dneprodzerzhinsk is similar in circumstances


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Train crash in Zagreb - occurred in 1974, caused by overwork of the locomotive crew


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Notes


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

comments


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Sources


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

References


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Literature


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category: Aviation accidents and incidents in 1976


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

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Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Croatia


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

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Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Yugoslavia


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category:Aviation accidents and incidents with McDonnell Douglas DC-9


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category:Aviation accidents and incidents with Hawker Siddeley Trident


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category:Adria Airways accidents and incidents


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category:British Airways accidents and incidents


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

colliding


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

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Category: 1976 in Croatia


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category:September 10 events


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category: September 1976


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category:Air Collisions


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category:Aviation accidents with casualties on the ground


Question: Who was found guilty of the collision of two Tu-134 over Dneprodzerzhinsk?

Zagreb clash

Category:Aviation accidents and incidents due to violations in air traffic control


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Holy Light (in Greek and Armenian traditions - Holy Light, Greek: Gio, Armenian: Armenian: Holy Light) is a fire carried out from the Holy Sepulcher at a special service performed annually on the Great Saturday, on the eve of the Julian Easter celebration at the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Jerusalem.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The removal of the Easter fire symbolizes the exit from the Tomb of the “True Light”, that is, the resurrected Jesus Christ.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Currently, the ceremony is being conducted by clergymen of the Jerusalem Orthodox Church, the Jerusalem Patriarchate of the Armenian Apostolic Church, as well as the Coptic and Syrian Churches [2].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The service is broadcast live in Belarus, Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Egypt, Cyprus, Ukraine, Lebanon, Russia, Romania [3] [4].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In addition, the Holy Fire is annually delivered by special flights to Russia [5], Greece [6], Serbia, Montenegro, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Belarus, Poland [7], Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ukraine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and is greeted with honor by state and church leaders [4].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Symbolic meaning


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Holy Saturday service in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher symbolically depicts the Passion of Christ, the Burial and Resurrection of Jesus Christ.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The very removal of the Holy Light symbolizes the exit from the Tomb of the “True Light”, that is, the resurrected Jesus Christ.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

With regard to the Fire taken out of the Tomb, the participants of the ceremony themselves, Greek and Armenian clergymen, do not use the word “Fire”, but “Light” (Greek: Φωs, Armenian:).


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Historical evidence


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In the 5th and 7th centuries, in the Church of Jerusalem, according to the Armenian translation of the Jerusalem Lectionary, the Easter Vigil (that is, Vespers and Holy Saturday Liturgy) began with an ancient rite of kindling evening light.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

However, since the 9th century, sources have reported not only about the blessing of the evening lamp, but about the descent of the Holy Fire as a miracle [8].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

This is evidenced by the Latin pilgrim Bernard Monk (867), Metropolitan Arefa of Caesarea of Cappadocia (early 10th century), cleric Nikita (947), Pope Urban II [9] (XI century), Abbot Daniel Pilgrim (early XII century) century), Arab historian Al-Masudi (X century), Raoul Glaber (1048) “History”, Fulcherius of Chartres (1101) “Jerusalem History: Acts of the Franks”, etc. [8].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

A characteristic feature of medieval descriptions is that lamps hanging above the Coffin (or standing on the Coffin) are lit, but there is no one in the Tomb itself at this moment: the patriarch and the people are outside, sometimes even outside the temple.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

A later report that “chandeliers are lit over the tomb of God is invisible” belongs to Hierodeacon Zosima of the Sergius Lavra (1420) [10].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Since initially there was no roof over the Edicule, it was made in the form of a separate building [11].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Among the testimonies of the 19th and 20th centuries, the words of the former Minister of Public Education Abraham Sergeevich Norov (1835) and Archbishop of Blagoveshchensk and Tynda Gabriel (Steblyuchenko) are important ( 1968), because they talk about what was happening directly inside the Coffin.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Middle Ages


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The earliest description that has survived to us was apparently from the Latin pilgrim Bernard Monk.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In 867 [12], as an eyewitness, he wrote in his Itineraria:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

On Holy Saturday, on the eve of Easter, at the morning church service in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, after the sermon: “Kirie, Eleison” (Lord, have mercy!) “The angel descends and lights the lamps hanging over the Holy Sepulcher.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Patriarch passes this Fire to the bishop and finally to all the people so that everyone can light this Fire in their home.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The current Patriarch is called Theodosius (863-879); he was called to this place for his piety.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

[13] [12]


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Metropolitan Arefa of Caesarea of Cappadocia writes at the beginning of the 10th century, in a letter to the Emir of Damascus:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Emir of Jerusalem stands near the Holy Sepulcher at the entrance sealed by him, and Christians stand outside the Church of the Holy Resurrection and exclaim the Lord have mercy.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Then suddenly lightning appears and the kandilas are kindled; from this light all the inhabitants of Jerusalem take and light a fire.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Nikita, a cleric of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Bagryanorodny, wrote to him in 947:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The wise archbishop, with his clergy and the Agaryans, hurried to the Holy Sepulcher of the Lord, and looked there as soon as he learned that the radiance of the Divine Light had not yet appeared there, along with the filthy Agaryans locked the Divine Sepulcher, and raising his hands high to the east of Moses, he prayed continuously with the Christian people to the God of all things.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And at about six o'clock in the afternoon, looking at the Divine Sepulcher of the Savior, he sees a divine light manifestation: for through the (side-chapel) of the angel he can enter the door.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At the beginning of the 12th century, Abbot Daniel, who first described the Holy Fire in Russian, says this about the very moment of convergence:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And when the ninth hour passed and they began to sing the passing song, “We Sing to the Lord,” then suddenly a small cloud came from the east and stood over the uncovered top of that church, and it rained a little over the Holy Sepulcher, and wetted us well standing on the Coffin.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And then suddenly the Holy Light shone in the Holy Sepulcher: a terrible and bright brilliance came out of the Holy Sepulcher.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

XVIII century


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Hieromonk Ippolytus (Vishensky) visited Jerusalem during a trip to the East (1707—1709) and left a testimony:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

“And in the church they became urmene, according to their heretic teaching, singing, shouting and walking with a procession, asking for Fire from the God. Taya godina has come, at which hour the fire from the Holy Sepulcher comes”


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

19th century


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Avraam Sergeevich Norov, a well-known Russian writer and former Minister of Public Education, left an eyewitness testimony.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

He visited Palestine and wrote in his book, Journey to the Holy Land in 1835, published in 1838:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Only one of the Greek bishops, an Armenian bishop (who recently received the right to do so), the Russian Consul from Jaffa and three travelers entered the chapel of the Holy Sepulcher for the Metropolitan.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The doors are closed behind us.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The never quenching lamps above the Holy Sepulcher had already been extinguished, and one weak lighting came to us from the temple through the side holes of the chapel.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

This moment is solemn: the excitement in the temple has subsided; everything has been fulfilled.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

We stood in the chapel of the Angel, in front of a stone thrown off the nativity scene; only the metropolitan entered the nativity scene of the Holy Sepulcher.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

I've already said that the entrance has no doors.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

I saw the elderly metropolitan, leaning down at the low entrance, enter the nativity scene and kneel down in front of the Holy Sepulcher, before which nothing stood and Who was completely naked.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In less than a minute, the darkness lit up with light, and the Metropolitan came out to us with a flaming bunch of candles [17].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

20th century


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Archbishop Gabriel (Steblyuchenko), Archbishop of Blagoveshchensk and Tynda from January 20, 1967 to August 15, 1968, was Secretary of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem in the rank of hierodeacon:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

— Did you see the Easter fire come down?


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

- Yes, I've seen it twice.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At that time, Archbishop Anthony (Zavgorodny) was still alive [18].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And when the Patriarch came out with the Holy Fire on Holy Saturday, we did not light it from it, but quickly, together with Vladyka Anthony, dived into the Edicule of the Holy Sepulcher.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

A Greek ran in, Vladyka and I, and we saw a blue, heavenly fire in the Holy Sepulcher, and we took it with our hands and washed it.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

It didn't burn for a fraction of a second, but then it gained strength, and we lit candles.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Is the fire burning right on this rock?


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

“On a stone, and all the lamps are burning, and the whole stone is covered in fire.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And the world doesn't care!


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Why do you think people pay so little attention to this annual miracle?


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

This is a must see!


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

If I hadn't seen it, I also doubted it.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

But I saw for myself, the fire was burning, and we were washing our face.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

It's solid stone, marble, and it's all covered in fire.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

There is no soot, nothing, just a fire burns and that's it [19].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Order of service and the status quo


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Holy Saturday service, like other services in the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, is carried out in accordance with the one established in 1852 by the former Turkish administration in Palestine, which is adhered to by all the churches that divide the temple.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In addition, a special calendar of Easter services in the Church of the Resurrection is published annually, and it is published alternately by the Armenian and Greek Patriarchates.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Strict regulation was introduced due to constant disagreements over rights and powers between various Christian churches that have long participated in the service.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Today, each Jerusalem Patriarchate has its own rights and obligations, and every action of clergymen is clearly tied to the time specified in the regulations.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

According to Church historian A. A. Dmitrievsky, who described the service at the beginning of the 20th century, the modern service significantly departed from that in ancient times - both in terms of the beginning time and in the composition of the service, and receiving the grace of the Holy Fire is already is not related to the Great Saturday evening service [20].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Over the past century, the service has changed little [21], which can be explained by the action of the status quo.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Calendar of Easter services in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Publication of the Armenian Patriarchate, 2008.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Publication by the Greek Patriarchate, 2009.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The status quo in Holy Places [22].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

this option was


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

in 1929 Lionel Cust


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

(1896—1962) was a former district official of the British administration in Jerusalem.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Safety measures


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Security measures are provided during the service.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

During the Ottoman Empire, this was done by the Turkish authorities, now by the Israeli police.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At the same time, it is widely believed that the Turkish guards (kawasi) are still participating in the ceremony [23], but there is no involvement of the ceremonial kavas in the Turks or in the duties of guards confirmations.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Description of the Holy Fire ceremony: Jerusalem Orthodox Church


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The entrance of the Patriarch and clergy to the church, the procession, the entrance to the Edicule


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Patriarch of Jerusalem, having passed the Church of St. James the Apostle, goes through the southern door to the altar of the Church of the Resurrection.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Armenian, Coptic and Syrian Orthodox clergy, who entered after the Patriarch of Jerusalem, go to him and deliver an appeal.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

After that, the procession begins, bypassing the Edicule three times.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The patriarch wears white clothes.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Twelve archimandrites and four deacons wear white vestments with him at the same time.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Clerics in white verses with 12 banners depicting the Passion of Christ and His glorious resurrection come out of the altar in pairs, followed by clerics with ripids and a life-giving cross, then 12 priests in pairs, then four deacons are also in pairs, and the last two of them hold bunches of candles in front of the patriarch in their hands in a silver stand for the most convenient transfer of the holy fire to the people, finally, the patriarch with a rod in his right hand.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

With the blessing of the patriarch, the singers and all the clergy, singing: “Your Resurrection, Christ the Savior, angels sing in heaven, and please glorify us on earth with a pure heart” go from the Church of the Resurrection to Edicule and bypass it three times.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

After the third round, the patriarch, clergy and singers stop with the banner bearers and the crusader against the holy life-giving tomb and sing the evening hymn: “The Quiet Light”, reminding that this The litany was once part of the evening service [24].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

After the procession, the Patriarch of Jerusalem is exposed and enters the Edicule, accompanied by the Armenian archimandrite.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

... the patriarch, standing at the door of the holy tomb, with the help of deacons, removes the miter, saccos, omophorion and club and remains only in the sacristy, epitrachili, belt and duties.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The dragoman then removes the seals and cords from the door of the holy tomb and lets his patriarch inside, who has the aforementioned bunches of candles in his hands.