Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is widely distributed throughout Europe, but is less common in the north and northwest.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

is present in Western and Central Europe, its range covers Albania and Western Ukraine.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The range includes Eastern and Central Europe, expanding westward to central France and northwestern Italy.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

grows in Central and Western Europe, but has its local range in southern and central Russia.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It grows in Britain, southern Portugal, east to southern Sweden, the Carpathians and Greece.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

is common throughout Europe, north to 61° north latitude.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

is common in the Mediterranean.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In most European countries, it occurs with dense pubescence of leaflets.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It occurs in southeastern Europe.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Several species have a narrower range [73].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Some of the species grown for ornamental purposes have been naturalized.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

These include,.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Outside its range, it has taken root in Europe [73].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Asia


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Asia, rose hips are found everywhere, except deserts and semi-deserts of northwestern China and Mongolia, Central and Western Asia, as well as the highlands of Tibet, the Himalayas, the Pamirs, the Tien Shan, to the north to 68—70° north latitude [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the southeastern triangle of Eurasia there is the main area of the range of evergreen roses, mainly in the Chinese provinces of Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Guizhou, as well as in the southern regions of Gupe, Chan and others.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

This area is the center of species diversity of subtropical roses, and they have high polymorphism there [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

There are 79 species of rose hips in China, some of which are the progenitors of cultivated rose varieties [82].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In total, there are up to 150 species of rose hips in Asia.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

To the north of Central and East Asia, starting from 40° north latitude, rose hips appear in a large species diversity, which increases with further movement to the north.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

At 50—52° north latitude, the number of species decreases significantly, but their density in plant cenoses remains high.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the north, only [10] remains in the taiga.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the mountains of Central Asia, 39 species of rose hips grow, 17 of which are endemic [83].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

There are 25 species in Kazakhstan, four of them are endemic [84].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Only seven species of rose hips are found in Siberia [85], three in Kamchatka (needled, wrinkled and blunt) [86], four on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands (needled, wrinkled, blunt and Marais) [87], five in Altai [88].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Eleven species of rose hips grow in the Far East [89].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Growing in the Far East and in other places of the Pacific coast, the wrinkled rose hips in terms of the originality of morphological features and distribution on sandy sea shores was attributed by Khrzhanovsky to the most ancient species of bush deciduous roses [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the north and in the Far East, Pleistocene species grow in the taiga zone:,, needle rose hips.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In lower latitudes, it isolated itself (Tien Shan, Tibet, Himalayas) [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In India, rose hips only grow in the mountains, with the exception of the only tropical species.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

All other rose hips in India grow in the Himalayas.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the arid region of Ladakh and in the northern part of Himachal Pradesh, at an altitude of 3,000 to 4,000 m above sea level, both with bright yellow flowers grow.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A typical species of the lower mountain belt of the Himalayas is the white-flowered Himalayan musk rose ().


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Throughout the Himalayas, at an altitude of 2100-4500 m above sea level, there is a four-lobed shrub with cream flowers.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosa clinophylla grows in the valleys of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The shrubs growing along the shores and on the islands are flooded almost completely during floods, and only the tops of the branches stick out above the surface of the water [90].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Pakistan, rose hips were once widespread, but as a result of economic development, they began to disappear.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Most species can now only be found above 1500 m above sea level, and then they need to be protected.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Pakistan, rosehips are found fetid and.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

is growing in Baluchistan and in the north of the country.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

occurs in the northeastern part of the Border Regions [90].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Dog rose hips grow in Azad Kashmir, Mirpur District, the northeastern part of the Border Regions and Balochistan.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the northeastern part of the Border Regions, there is a Begger rose,.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It's very common.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

is closely related to growing in dry valleys [91].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Japan, 14 species of rose hips grow wild, and two species brought from other countries (Banks rose and smooth rose) have taken root there.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

On Japanese islands along the sea coasts can be found.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Widespread in the northern part of the range, the needled rose hips in Japan have taken root high in the mountains.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In many parts of Japan, a multi-flowered rose grows with many varieties [71].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the southeast of the Asian part of the range of red-flowered roses, there are also species closest to evergreen liana roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

They occupy a small area, found only in the foothills and river valleys [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Central Asia, rose hips are found mainly in the mountainous regions of the Pamir-Alay, Tien Shan and Kopetdag [38].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the Pamir-Alay and Western Tien Shan, rose hips form thickets and rose gardens.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

They consist of several types of rose hips: in the southern regions — Kokand, in the northern regions —.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Other types of it are mixed with them.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

On the Turkestan Range, rosaries form rose hips, Eichison, Begger, less often dogs, in the Central Tien Shan - flat-spiked rose hips [92].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The Albert rose rises to the subalpine belt of the Tien Shan, forming, together with other species of rose hips, rose gardens at the felling sites.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Israel, there is the southern border of the distribution of dog rose hips and.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The latter grows there in the only place on Mount Hermon at an altitude of up to 2,800 m above sea level.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Semi-deciduous grows along the shores of water bodies and marshes marshes.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Currently, it can only be found at the source of the Jordan River and along the banks of non-drying rivers, although in the past this species grew along the entire coast, in the Galilee, the Carmel Mountains and elsewhere [93].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In addition, this species is found in the south of the Arabian Peninsula.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Musk rose has been preserved as separate islands in Western Asia [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Africa


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip is found in North Africa south to Ethiopia [38].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Only one species () is known to have a natural range.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is widely cultivated, and although it grows under natural conditions, its exact origin is unknown [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In South Africa, he naturalized in the Dragon Mountains area at an altitude of 2,000 to 3000 m above sea level.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The cold winter in the mountains promotes the germination of bird-borne seeds.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

This species grows there along the roadsides, on pastures and has acquired the character of a malicious weed.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The hybrid between and 'Natal Briar' has settled in the subtropical climate of Natal province in South Africa.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It can be seen there on the coast, roadsides and near fences [94].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

This hybrid is preferred as a rootstock for cultivars in South Africa, as well as in Kenya, where 80 million flowers are grown for export annually [94].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In North America


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In North America, rose hips grow in the United States, Canada and Mexico [52].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Bermuda does not have its own rose hips, although it is located in the Northern Hemisphere and has a suitable climate.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

But several species have recently been imported by sea vessels and settlers from different countries [96].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Given the wide variety of climatic and soil conditions in North America, it is not surprising that more than 60 species of rose hips and about 10 more species of rose hips grow on its territory naturalized [95].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the southern states (Florida, Georgia, Texas) grows the only evergreen vine rose in the New World with red flowers.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It also meets here.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is already a cold-resistant deciduous species that reaches the Great Lakes.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The maximum species diversity occurs at 35—45° north latitude.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the taiga zone, the same as in Eurasia grows, the needle rose hips [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Throughout the east coast of the United States, from Maine to Florida and west to Iowa, Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas, as well as in some places in Canada, there is a shrub growing, tending to turn to herbaceous form.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

with the same form of growth is common throughout North America, but is more common from Oklahoma to Texas.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

called the “marsh rose”, it is well adapted to humid habitats, such as the shores of lakes, ponds and rivers.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It grows from Maine to Florida, west to Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, and Nova Scotia.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The shade-tolerant grows in the forests of British Columbia and in the northwestern United States from Washington to Idaho and central California.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

is well adapted to the dry conditions of the Great Plains and grows from Canada south to Texas and from Indiana to Idaho [95].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

With all the variety of rose hips in the New World, there is not a single species with yellow flowers, which indicates the emergence of these species after the separation of America from Eurasia.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Three types of rose hips grow in Alaska: needle rose hips, and Nutka rose hips [97].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In addition to them, it has a very limited range in western Alaska, which is called the “Kamchatka rose” [95].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In many parts of the United States, prickly rose hips, dog rose hips,, cinnamon rose hips, wrinkled rose hips, multicolored rose hips [95] have been naturalized.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Australia and New Zealand


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Some species of rose hips used as a rootstock (multicolored rose hips, red-brown rose hips, dog rose hips,) naturalized in the most favorable conditions of the territory for them Australia.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The red-brown rose hips were first recorded in New Zealand plantings between 1815 and 1820.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In 1900, it was listed as a plant in the Weed Control Act, but continues to exist on the South Island, as it is part of the food chains of birds, rabbits, opossums involved in its distribution [98].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Relationships with animals


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the course of evolution, rose hips have developed thorns and bristles as mechanical protection against being eaten by herbivores.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

But this did not prevent some species of animals from adapting to this protection and thus have an advantage over other species.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Camels, sheep and goats are known to easily cope with the most thorny plants.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Juicy, bright, standing out against the background of green foliage, rose hips serve as food for birds, mammals, rodents and reptiles.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Adaptations to the distribution of seeds by animals in rose hips are both the bright color, the sweet taste of ripe fruits, and the absence of these properties in their immature form, which protects against eating fruits animals until they are fully ripe [62].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Animals leave indigestible rosehip seeds on the ground along with excrement, often at a considerable distance from the plant itself, and contribute to its spread.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehips serve as food for black grouse, hazel grouse, gray partridge, gray crow, daw, cedars, starlings, moskovka tit, deryab thrush.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Of these, all, except hazel grouses, gray partridge and starlings, serve to spread rose hips.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In hazel grouses, hard rosehip nuts play the role of millstones in the stomach, lingering in it for a long time and losing germination.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The mess thrush of all birds contributes to the spread of seeds to the greatest extent.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

This is due not only to the large number of fruits it eats, but also to the confinement of its forage land to edges, forests and young plantings, which contributes to the settlement of new rose hips territories.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Hare, yellow-necked mouse, red vole, fox eat rose hips.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In predators such as the fox, juicy fruits are a constant admixture to animal food [99].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The red vole takes away the seeds and juicy fruits of plants and makes small reserves of them.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It can be assumed that the red vole is more conducive to the spread of plants than other animals that create large reserves in storerooms, since hardly all the small portions of fruits and seeds stored at random locations, can be found [66].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Another way of spreading is y growing along the seashore.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Its fruits drift through the water until they are washed ashore by the current or the surf.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A dense wax coating on the surface of the fruit protects the seeds from getting wet, and the peduncle serves as a balance.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Grading


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Due to the widespread natural hybridization, species variability and the presence of many cultural forms, the taxonomy of the Rosehip genus is very complex.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The genus has always attracted close attention of systematist botanists.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A huge number of works on rose hips have been published, many species and intraspecific taxa have been described, but at the same time there are completely opposite views on the volume of the genus, and in its taxonomy a lot of things remain unclear.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The first instructions on species diversity were given in the works of Herodotus and Theophrastus.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Pliny tried to summarize the scattered information on distribution.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

During the Renaissance and later, until the 18th century, the classification of roses was reduced to a division into wild and cultural roses and differentiated by the number of petals in the flower.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

K. Linnaeus was the first to draw attention to the hybridization of roses and the associated difficulties in their classification.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Species Plantarum in 1753, he made the first attempt to scientifically classify rose hips and roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

At the same time, only the form of hypanthium was considered a distinctive feature of the species.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In this form, the classification lasted until the beginning of the XIX century.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In 1811, K. Vildenov drew attention to the fact that rose hips also differ in the presence of spikes and grooves, as well as in their shape.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

This observation led to the emergence by the beginning of the 20th century of many new systems based more on personal preferences in identifying the distinctive features of species than on observations in nature.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

This led to large differences in the determined number of taxa of the genus: from 12 for Linnaeus to 146 for N. Serenzha [100].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In 1799, the first monograph on M. Lawrence.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

And in 1813, three classifications of rose hips appeared at once (Dupont, N. Devo and A. Decandolya).


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Therefore, Soviet botanists attributed the beginning of scientific study of the genus to 1813.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is believed that at this time the science of roses (their morphology, physiology and taxonomy) arose — rhodology.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Decandolle was the first to draw attention to the complex of morphological features of the rose hip flower: the nature of the columns, sepals, the complex of vegetative features of the leaf and leaflets, including the nature of the dentate, and this helped to outline the composition of the sections.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The sections he described by Pimpinellifoliae, Synstylae and Cinnamomeae are still recognized.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The first researchers of the genus in Russia were F. K. Biberstein V. G. Besser [101], H.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

X.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Steven.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In their works, the classification of rose hips was analyzed.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Western European taxonomists of the genus did not recognize new species that grew in Russia, and identified them with Western European species.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The modern taxonomy of the genus was created taking into account morphological, geographical and karyological data.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Wild species were combined into sections, taking into account the genealogical and morphological commonality.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It was based on the system of F. Crepe, which was later improved by A. Raeder and Crewsman.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The largest Belgian rhodologist, who devoted his entire life to the study of the family, Krepen studied an extensive collection of Leningrad herbariums.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Later, these herbarium samples were re-examined by Bowlanger, the largest rhodologist of modern times, and the mistakes made by Crepen were corrected.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

But both of these rhodologists were representatives of the “synthetic” trend in rhodology [101].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

For a long time, Crepen, G. Boulanger, R. Keller did not distinguish individual (elementary or one-time) variability from group (statistical) variability associated with natural selection.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

As a result, many hundreds of species, varieties and forms have been established by monographs only for the European section of the range of the genus Rosehips [77].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The first modern taxonomy of Eastern European rosehip species was made in 1941 by S. IN. Yuzepchuk in “Flora of the USSR”.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

An important role was played by the monograph on roses by V. G. Khrzhanovsky, published in 1958 and dedicated to wild rose hips growing in the European part of the USSR, which gives an overview of the entire genus and develops its classification.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the 21st century, a system is used that divides the genus into four subgenuses: three very small subgenuses consisting of one or two species and knocked out of the general system (Hulthemia, Hesperhodos, Platyrhodon), and the vast subgenus Rosa.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The Rosa subgenus contains 10 sections and 135 species [58] [102].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The Gallicanae and Cinnamomeae sections are the most studied due to their economic value, as the first of them contains essential oil species, and the second contains vitaminous species.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Chemical composition


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The chemical composition and accumulation of vitamins, tannins, sugars, organic acids and other metabolic products in fruits and leaves of various types of rose hips differ significantly both in quantitative, and in terms of qualitative indicators [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Fruits


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The fruits of many types of rose hips contain a large amount of vitamin C, which makes them valuable for medicine and a healthy diet.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehips contain about 10 times more ascorbic acid than blackcurrant berries, and 50 times more than lemon [103], 60-70 times more than pine, spruce, fir or juniper needles.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The most valuable in this respect are white-flowered and red-flowered species.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Hypanthias of pink-flowered species contain much less vitamin C, and hypanthias of yellow-flowered species have very little vitamin C, but there are many tannins and tannids [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Depending on the place of growth, the chemical composition of fruits in different types of rose hips changes.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The pulp of wrinkled rose hips, which is of industrial importance, contains about 1% (wet weight) of vitamin C [104].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Fresh fruits of needle rose hips in the European part of Russia contain 1.5% vitamin C, and in the Irtysh basin in Kazakhstan - 4.5%.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Begger's rose hips have the highest vitamin C content among species growing in the territory of the former USSR, ranging from 7% to 20%.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Petals


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The petals contain:


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

essential oil [105] ((0.02 [106]) 0.04 [107] —0.06 [108]%);


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

fatty oils;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

organic acids;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

sugars;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

glycosides: bitterness, saponins [108];


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

flavonoids [109]: astragalin, hyperoside, kaempferol [110], quercitrin [111] [112], quercetin;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

tannins [108] [113] [114];


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

anthocyanins: peonine, peonidin, cyanidin [115];


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

wax [116];


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

vitamin C [117].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A high content of essential oil was noted in the petals of wrinkled rose hips — 0.25—0.38% [118].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Wax contains aldehydes, higher aliphatic hydrocarbons, higher aliphatic alcohols, higher fatty acids: lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, arachic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotinic; triterpenic acids; steroids [119] [120].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Essential oil from rose petals contains phenylethyl alcohol (about 2% and 20-30% of the total amount of alcohols in the oil) [121], citranellol (22.6%), geraniol (50-60%), nerol (up to 10%), nonadekan [106], higher aliphatic hydrocarbons (9%) [122].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

All of them provide a pleasant smell of rose petals, and phenylethyl alcohol is the main carrier of the smell of rose water [116].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In addition, the essential oil contains eugenol, citral, aldehydes: nonyl, cinnamon and others; carotenoid rubixanthin [106].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Essential oils have astringent, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Leaves


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The leaves contain:


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

vitamin C [117] [123] [124] [125] (up to 1.5%);


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

tannins [108] [126] [127] (up to 4.5%);


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

catechins [128] [129];


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

flavonoids [108] [109] [130]: astragaline [131];


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives: gallic, gentisinic, caffeic, protocatechoic, lilac, vanillin, ferulic, salicylic and others [132] [133];


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

some species have saponins [108] [134].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Polysaccharides and carotenoids were found in the leaves of May rose hips [135].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rusty red rose hips contain up to 55% of essential oil [136].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Branches and roots


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The branches contain catechins (up to 18.28%) [129], saponins [108], vitamin P [137], flavonoids [108].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The bark contains sorbitol.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Galls contain tannins.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The roots contain tannins [103] [138], flavonoids [108], catechins (8.24—18.28%) [129], triterpenoids (5.2%) [138].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The content of tannins in branches and roots is up to 4.5%, and in galls there are even more of them.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Application


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Food use


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Excavations of the oldest settlements in Switzerland indicate that the fruits of dog rose hips were used for human food at the end of the Ice Age [139].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The fruits of many types of rose hips are edible fresh, dried in the form of tea (decoction).


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Mashed potatoes, pasta, jam [97], jam, marmalade, pastille [140], compote, sweets, jelly, kvass and the like are prepared from rose hips.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Various dishes were prepared from rose petals in China.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Needled rose hips are edible in raw form [97].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Jam [107] is cooked from cinnamon rose hips, jam and jelly are cooked from wrinkled petals [52].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Of the species of rose hips growing on the territory of Russia, in addition to the already mentioned species, there are edible fruits and petals of rose hips, dog, [141],,,,,,, blunt, Begger [142], Eichison [141], Fedchenko [142].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The tea surrogate is obtained from the flowers of needle rose hips, Albert, Begger, corymbose, Eichison, Fedchenko, Samarkand, flat-thorned, from the fruits and flowers of dog rose hips, Daurian, May, prickly [107] [141], from young leaves of dog rose hips [23]; coffee surrogate is from dog rose hips [143].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The tea surrogate is obtained from French rose nuts [144], and the coffee surrogate is obtained from cinnamon rose hips [145] and dog nuts [23].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the Caucasus, young rose shoots were eaten as a vegetable [146], and leaves and fruits were brewed like tea due to the high content of tannin [107].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Young branches of cinnamon rose hips are used for food [147].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Slovenia, rosehip is used in the preparation of Cockta soft drinks.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehips give the wines a spicy taste, and its petals are used to prepare a liqueur [103] [107].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In industry


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehips are the main vegetable raw materials for vitamin plants.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

For this purpose, there are industrial rosehip plantations in all parts of the world, especially in Europe and Asia.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Russia, the population harvested rose hips for the future back in the 16th-17th centuries.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the USSR, plantations of wrinkled rose hips as the largest fruited vitamin species were laid in state farms in Bashkiria, the Mari ASSR, the Chelyabinsk region, Lithuania and the Moscow region on an area of several thousand hectares.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

May rose hips are also used to create production plantations.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is less large-fruited and productive than wrinkled rose hips, but significantly exceeds it in terms of vitamins C and P [52].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Needled, Daurian, Begger, Fedchenko, loose, Albert rose hips are also used as vitamin raw materials in Russia and neighboring countries.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The best soils for rose hips are moderately moist, with a powerful arable layer, chernozem, floodplain, but not flooded, sandy loamy or loamy, rich in nutrients, well permeable to water and air by soil, pH 5.5-6.5.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Soils with a high content of lime, crushed stone, solonetzic, swampy, with a close groundwater standing (1-1.5 m) are not suitable for laying rose hips [69].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the USSR, the canning industry produced jam from rose petals.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Bulgaria and Iran produce rose petal jam [51], and canned food and rose hip jam are produced in the eastern provinces of France of Lorraine and Alsace [103].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose oil is mentioned in the oldest monument of Sanskrit literature, the Vedas.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Oil is obtained from French rose petals in Bulgaria, France, Yugoslavia, Greece, Tunisia, India, partially obtained in the USSR; from damask rose petals - in Bulgaria, Hungary, France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Cyprus, Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, North Africa, received in the USSR; from the petals of the capital rose - in Yugoslavia, Iran, India, Florida, partially obtained in the south of the USSR; from rose petals wrinkled — in Korea, China, Japan, received limited in the USSR; from muxus rose petals — in Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq [51].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

On the territory of the USSR, essential oil roses were cultivated in Moldova, Crimea, Krasnodar Krai, Georgia and Azerbaijan on an area of about 4 thousand hectares [33] [52].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Of the species growing on the territory of Russia, essential oil is given by the petals of needle rose hips [143].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose oil is the most expensive essential oil.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Its content in rose petals rarely exceeds 0.15%, and the factory yield is 0.06-0.1%.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

According to other sources, rose petals contain 0.1—0.22% of essential oil [33].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

To produce 1 kg of rose oil, 3,000 kg of rose petals are required [56].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

During the distillation of the oil, rose water remains.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose oil and its components are used to make the most expensive cosmetics, to flavor liqueurs, wines, confectionery, and some medicines [33].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

French perfumers value roses growing near the city of Graça, as well as on Bulgarian plantations in the Rose Valley between the cities of Kazanlak and Karlovy, more than others.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Damask rose oil is especially valuable.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The culture of this rose in the Kazanlak Valley dates back to the 18th century.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The special microclimate of the Kazanlak Valley (high humidity and moderate temperature during flowering) contributes to the accumulation of a large amount of essential oil in rose petals.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The petals are harvested at sunrise (from five to ten o'clock in the morning) by hand for 20-30 days and processed fresh in factories [33].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Dog rosehip seed oil is used to make drying oil [147].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Medical use


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Fruits


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehips have phytoncidal and powerful bactericidal properties.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

They contain a large amount of antioxidants.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

But most importantly, rose hips are a valuable multivitamin remedy.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

They were used for medicinal purposes, especially as an anti-scorbutic agent since the 16th century, and maybe earlier, when sable and other valuable furs, velvet and satin were replaced with them [148].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Vitamin extracts, syrups, tablets, dragees and decoctions of rose hips are used to treat and prevent diseases associated with a lack of vitamins in the body, primarily vitamin C, anemia and exhaustion.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip preparations have a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism, bone marrow, liver, gallbladder functions [97].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In folk medicine, tea from rose hips is used, as well as napar, water infusion and alcohol tincture for scarlet fever, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, inflammation of the kidneys, diseases of the intestines, liver, stomach.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Fatty oil obtained from Begger rose hips, Daurian, Fedchenko seeds is used in folk medicine for burns and dermatitis, trophic ulcers and radiation damage to the skin [149].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A decoction of seeds is used for urolithiasis [23] [150], as a choleretic, anti-inflammatory [151], diuretic agent, for diarrhea [23]; externally for gingivitis [152].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Homeopathy uses fresh fruits to prepare medicines.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Ready dosage forms


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Ascorbic acid is obtained from the fruits of cinnamon, needled, Daurian, Begger, Fedchenko, wrinkled, canine rose hips, the fruits of which contain at least 1% vitamin C [153].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Galascorbin is a complex compound of gallic and ascorbic acid salts.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is used for burns, cracks and as an anti-inflammatory agent [153].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip syrup is a vitamin remedy used for preventive purposes.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip oil is a nut oil containing carotenoids and tocopherols.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is used as a wound healing agent.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Carotolin is an oil extract from the pulp of rose hips, used in the treatment of trophic ulcers, eczema and other skin diseases.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Holosas is obtained from condensed aqueous extract of dog rose hips; it is used for hepatitis and cholecystitis, as a choleretic and restorative agent [97].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Anti-asthmatic medicine according to Traskov's prescription [154].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Petals


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The healing properties of rose petals have been known since ancient times.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Avicenna in the Canon of Medical Science recommended lubricating teeth and gums overnight with rose oil for dental health.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

He used rose water to treat eye diseases and eliminate bad breath.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In case of inflammation of the eyes, Avicenna recommended digging rose oil into the eyes and applying rose seeds to the forehead as a distraction [155].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the Middle Ages, in Salerno, rose petals infused with wine were used for diarrhea and female diseases; fresh petals — externally for erysipelas; mixed with honey — for gum disease; mixed with honey water — as an antipyretic; rose oil — for stomach pain and constipation; in combination with vinegar — for infected wounds [116].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The medieval medical-botanical poem “On the Properties of Herbs” provides the following recipes for use:


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Right, a rose is considered to be a flower of flowers on merit;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Everything surpasses flowers with its aroma and beauty.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

But not with one aroma and charm, the rose can


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

To please us, but it is useful with an abundance of healing qualities;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Her strength is dry and cold - the first degree.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

If you apply it, the sacred fire subsides


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

And the hypochondrium with the stomach will heal, if the heat is embraced;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Together with the wine, it will stop the outflow of the stomach and uterus.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A lot of ointments are different in need of rose juice;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose dry powder for diseases in the mouth helps,


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rubbed without any impurities only with honey alone in combination.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The heat calms down anyone if the rubbed is applied from above


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Fresh rose il if you drink honey with water.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

They make oil from rose, and it is called rose oil, —


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Help with various diseases, as well as in cases of many;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

If you drink, your stomach will soften, and it will subside immediately in the stomach


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The heat is exorbitant, and if you warm it up with an old poultice,


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Headache and fever are healed with this medicine.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

If you mix it with vinegar,


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The dirty wound will be cleaned and the cavity of the wound will be filled,


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

And it also helps with burns excellently.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Being in the mouth for a long time, it heals toothache,


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

As they assure, and for centuries their former softness gives;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

If it is applied, the itching that is hidden in the depths will stop;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It also brings help with various sufferings of the uterus.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

And because rose oil is prepared differently,


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

I'll tell you what Palladium said about this:


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Take an ounce of crimson petals from a rose


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

And combine them, having cleaned, you with a pound of olive oil;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The product is in a glass vessel, clogged tightly, under the sun


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is necessary to hang it, and so hold it for the duration of the week;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

After that, it is stored as a means for different cases [156].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The Salerno Code of Health, written in the 14th century, states:


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Ruta, and with her sage, wine intoxication is driven.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Roses add a flower, and love pains will subside.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

... Rose, verbena, dill, helidonia as well as rue —


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Everyone goes to the potion, from which their eyesight will sharpen.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

According to the beliefs of the Slavs, the red color of rose petals was associated with blood and therefore gave them the ability to stop blood [157].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

For the same reason, hemoptysis was treated with rose hips [158].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Russia, already in the 17th century, rose hips were widely used to treat soldiers wounded in the war with the Turks.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

At the same time, not only fruits were used, but also other parts of the plant.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip petals were distilled with water and impregnated with bandages applied to wounds.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

This remedy contributed to the healing of wounds, prevented them from spreading.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A decoction of fruits washed the edges of the wound to avoid gangrene.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Head injuries were treated with seed oil.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

For a speedy recovery, the wounded were given to drink “svoroborin molasses” [159].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In the future, rose hips were not used in medicine, and it was remembered only during the Great Patriotic War [97].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

French rose petals are included in the pharmacopoeia of some countries [160] as an anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic, astringent used for hypertension, atherosclerosis, peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, dysentery, liver disease [116].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Bulgaria, on the basis of rose oil, the drug rosanol has been created, which has antispasmodic, choleretic and bactericidal properties.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is used for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, as well as for urolithiasis [106].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In France, French rose petals are used as a C-vitamin and anthelminthic agent, recommended for diarrhea, hemorrhoids and as a general tonic.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Bulgaria, Damask rose petals are used for diarrhea and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for angina and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Russian folk medicine, rose petal preparations are used for pulmonary tuberculosis, neurasthenia, atherosclerosis [161], as choleretic for liver diseases [108], for conjunctivitis [162] [163], as anti-inflammatory and soothing [164]; in the form of rinses for influenza, angina and other diseases of the oral cavity, as well as a deodorant [108]; finely ground pink powder petals are sprinkled with ulcers and applied to places affected by erysipelas [116]; lotions from decoction of dog rose hip petals are used as hemostatic [23].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Petals cooked with honey are used for erysipelas [103] [165].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Armenia, red rose petals are used for liver diseases, and white rose petals are used for heart diseases [116].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

White rose contains mucous substances, and in small doses it acts as an anthelminthic agent [116].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose petals are part of herbal preparations used in folk medicine for symptomatic hypertension, to strengthen the immune system, cardiac asthma, after myocardial infarction, bronchitis with asthmatic phenomena, influenza, croupous pneumonia with pleurisy, chronic lung diseases, for debilitated patients, ulcerative colitis, gastritis, duodenitis, allergic manifestations, hemorrhoids, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, inflammatory processes in the liver, nausea, bad breath, stomatitis, amoebic dysentery, erysipelas, in the form of drops - with conjunctivitis, purulent discharge from the eyes, as part of ointments - for cracks in the lips, hands and feet, in the form of gargling - for thrush in children, in the form of lotions and bandages - for long-term non-healing wounds and ulcers [166].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose water acts as an antiseptic for conjunctivitis.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose oil is obtained from freshly harvested petals by water-steam distillation in a 20-25% solution of sodium chloride [167].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is used for abscesses, angina, bronchial asthma [116], to improve the smell and taste of drugs [167].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip petals are used fresh in homeopathy [168].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Dried rose petals are part of soothing herbal pillows.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose oil is widely used in aromatherapy [169].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Branches, stems and leaves


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Branches, stems in the form of a decoction are used for malaria, as a diuretic and fixing [170] [171], colic, rheumatism, sciatica [154], colds, heat, gastric disorders, anemia, menstrual pains.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The bark is an emetic [172].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip leaf infusion is used as an antibacterial and analgesic for colic and gastralgia [151] [173], for malaria, as a diuretic [170] for diarrhea and dyspepsia, for colic, rheumatism, radiculitis [174].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A decoction of dog rose hips leaves is used for scarlet fever, typhoid fever, diarrhea, nephritis, pulmonary tuberculosis, as an analgesic during childbirth [175].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Yakut folk medicine, a decoction of needle rose hips was used as a diuretic, and a decoction of stems and leaves was used for malaria [171].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Dog rose hips galls are used to treat goiter, as a detoxification [23], astringent [107].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Roots


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The roots have choleretic, astringent, antiseptic [165] [176] [177] and bactericidal [178] effects.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In folk medicine, a decoction of rose hips is used for malaria, renal [165] [176] [177], bile-, urolithiasis [150] [179], liver and spleen diseases [23], anorexia, diarrhea and dyspepsia [174], cystitis [180], hypertension, heart disease [174] [177], respiratory infections, externally in rheumatism, radiculitis [174], paralysis [165] [176] [177], as well as for foot baths with muscle weakening [ 103].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In China, rose hips are used as a means of improving digestion and as an anthelminthic [103].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The bark of dog rose hips was used for bites of rabid dogs [23].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Yakut folk medicine, a decoction of needle rose hips roots was given to drink with dysentery [171].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

In Washington State, the Skagits boil the roots of Nutkan rose hips with sugar and use this decoction for inflammation of the throat [181].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The roots are used in veterinary medicine to treat diarrhea in calves [182].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Use in cosmetics


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A decoction and infusion of rose hips and leaves is used for care for oily, acne, dry, sensitive, irritable skin, as well as for baths.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is recommended to wash with a decoction of rose hips to prevent the appearance of wrinkles [183].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The Russian industry produces a nourishing cream “Rosehip”, containing an aqueous infusion of rose hips, intended for skin with hypersensitivity.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The oil extract (carotolin) obtained from the pulp of rose hips contains carotenoids that contribute to faster healing of wounds, prevent dryness and peeling of the skin, soften and smooth it is protected from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, and has an anti-inflammatory effect.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Therefore, carotolin is introduced into day face creams.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip extract is part of the Scarlet Rose day cream produced by the Russian industry, designed for dry and normal skin.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip oil was used for cosmetic purposes in the Middle Ages in Salerno [116].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip seed oil contains essential fatty acids essential for healthy skin.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It has an antioxidant effect, improves skin structure, has a rejuvenating effect and prevents skin aging.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The most useful oil for the skin is obtained by the cold squeeze method.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rosehip oil is a part of cosmetic creams for various skin types.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The Russian industry produces nourishing creams that include rosehip oil.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Oily skin lacks essential fatty acids, so rose hip oil is part of creams for problem skin of adolescents.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose oil for making perfumes was already used in ancient Rome.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

The aroma of Paestum and Phaseli roses was especially appreciated.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Perfume was added to baths, sprayed rooms and beds.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Perfume was even put in especially valuable wines.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

They were added to lamp oil and poured into funeral fires [184].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose oil is currently used to make the highest grades of perfumes, soap, lipstick [56], it is part of 46% men's and 98% women's perfumes.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose oil is part of day creams suitable for all skin types that protect the surface layers of the skin from moisture loss, for example, it is part of the Russian industry cream “Ballet”.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

A bath with rose oil, milk and honey helps to make the skin soft and smooth.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose wax is part of lipstick, can make up to 24% of its composition.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It has a pleasant aroma and antibacterial effect, in forming parts it is close to beeswax.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Rose wax is also part of some moisturizers that normalize its water metabolism and have a high cleansing and refreshing effect [185].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

For hand care, it is recommended to lubricate them with a mixture of glycerin, rose water (or decoction of rose petals) and ammonia.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

From rosehip petals, a decoction is prepared for washing, preparing cosmetic masks that tone the skin, relieve irritation and fatigue.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Egyptian Queen Cleopatra is credited with knowing many beauty recipes.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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One of the recipes for Cleopatra's cream contains rose water and infusion of rose petals, as well as honey and aloe powder.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Use in green construction


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Due to drought resistance, frost resistance and the ability to renew by root offspring, a well-developed root system, rose hips are valued in erosion control and protective plantations.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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For example, it is used to create ravine and surplus erosion control forest belts in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine [186].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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For the purpose of soil protection on the territory of Russia, rose hips are needled, corymbose, Daurian, wrinkled.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rosehips are able to form dense thickets and are therefore often used to create hedges.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Some rose hips are planted in parks and gardens for ornamental purposes.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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They belong to park roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Russia, these are needle rose hips, corymbose, Daurian, loose, May, wrinkled, felt and apple [143].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rosehips are the ancestors of cultivated rose varieties that are considered the most beautiful flowers.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rose varieties are selected when crossing maternal forms, as well as when random mutations occur.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The first varieties were obtained in ancient times by crossing several wild rose hips with each other, and then the resulting cultivated varieties were crossed with other wild species that gave them new properties.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rosehips serve as a rootstock for roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The best rootstock for garden rose varieties is dog rose, as it is resistant to adverse climatic conditions, has a well-developed root system and has rapid growth.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Less commonly used rose hips wrinkled, bluish, May, loose and some others.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Roses adorn gardens and parks, garden plots.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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They are also grown for cutting into bouquets, and not only flowers, but also rose fruits serve as decoration.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Beautifully blooming climbing roses have long been covered with arches, gazebos, trellises installed in front of the walls of buildings [41], creating trellises.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Some rose varieties are grown indoors in pots.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Other use


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rosehips do not produce much nectar, but bees willingly visit it, collecting significant amounts of pollen.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The nutritional qualities of pollen are very high [187].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Honeydew sometimes stands out on rose hips.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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It is recommended to plant rose hips in places where there are few pollen plants at the end of May - the first half of June.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Honey plants include French rose hips, cinnamon [147], prickly, felt, shaggy [188].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Roots and galls on rose hips were once used to dye fabrics brown [101], and fruit decoction orange-red [97].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Roots and galls contain tannins that can be used for tanning.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Diseases and pests


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rosehip plantations damage the raspberry-strawberry weevil, bronzes, glitter, leaf caterpillars, unpaired and ringed silkworms, larvae of May beetles, click [69].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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On the branches there are mossy growths - galls.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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They are formed from the injection of rose nutworks and serve as a dwelling for its larvae [56].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Powdery mildew, black spot, gray spot, rust and viral diseases are more common among the diseases [69].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Information from paleobotany


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Plant residues of representatives of the genus Rosa were reliably found only in tertiary sediments.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the province of Xinjiang in China, remains of Rosa hornerii were found in Pliocene deposits.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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At this time, a herbaceous formation with tugai thickets was supposedly distributed on the territory of this province.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Of the tertiary deposits, Rosa hilliae is described one leaf at a time, very characteristic of roses of the Synstylae section and resembling the Rosa anemoniflora leaf [189].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rosehip is known from the Miocene of Krynka in the Azov Sea [190].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In North America, in the Rocky Mountains, an imprint of Rosa willmottiae leaf belonging to the Upper Miocene was found in the sediments of Lake Florissant.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Plant remains in these sediments indicate a warmer climate, although it was not tropical or even subtropical [189].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

It is reliably known about the existence of rose hips in North America from the Paleogene and Neogene [191].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

There is no reliable information about the place and time of origin of the genus Rosehip, as well as the morphology of its prototype, but paleontological data indicate that in tertiary times, representatives of this genus were distributed in both hemispheres [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Khrzhanovsky divided the species of rose hips into three large groups according to the time of occurrence:


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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lianas (Paleogene, humid subtropical forest).


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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This group is joined by secondary vines and species of the Caninae section and the dog rose hip itself;


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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shrubs (Neogene, xerotic formations of Ancient Middle-earth, flora of Velvichia);


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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herbs (Pleistocene, boreal subkingdom).


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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This form is produced in colder climates [10].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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At the beginning of the Miocene, there was a cooling and the movement of vegetation zones to the south.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The distribution of Pliocene forests has acquired an island character.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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These islands were naturally associated with the forests of the elevated areas of the East European Plain.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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As a result of this movement and adaptation of trees and shrubs to more arid conditions, endemic species have emerged in southern Eastern Europe.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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According to Khrzhanovsky's treatment, out of 50 wild rose hips in Ukraine, 30 were endemic [192].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose in history


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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For the first time, roses were bred for their beauty in Persia (Iran).


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The poets called Persia Gulistan — “Land of Roses” [43].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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From there, garden roses first came to Ancient Greece and then to Rome.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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(Other sources report that, in addition to the East, landscape art (and therefore roses) was borrowed by the Greeks and then by the Romans from Ancient Egypt thanks to the conquests of Alexander the Great.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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) In the writings of Aristotle, instruction is given on the cultivation of roses [193].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In ancient times, roses were dedicated to gods.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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With the heyday of the Roman Empire, the rose cult took off [194].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Winners were awarded with roses, newlyweds were decorated, the dead and tombstones were showered.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Republican Rome celebrated “Rose Day” — the day of remembrance of the dead [43].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the ancient Greeks and Romans, flowers for decoration were used mainly in the form of wreaths, most often violets and roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Participants of the feasts wore ivy or saffron wreaths on their heads, which were credited with the ability to disperse hops.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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For this purpose, wreaths of roses were also used.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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From the east, it was the custom of the Romans to sprinkle flowers on the altars of the gods and the earth.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Roses were sprinkled on the altar of Venus, tables for feasts, and a rain of roses fell on the feasts themselves from the ceiling.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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To meet the great demand for flowers, special gardens were set up in which violets and roses were grown.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Roman emperors used roses no longer as a divine symbol, but as a luxury item.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The extermination of roses for feasts took on monstrous proportions.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Ships loaded to the brim with roses sailed between Paestum and Rome.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Even in winter, Nero and Heliogabal ordered roses from Egypt, and flowers for just one feast cost more than a barrel of gold [195].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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According to legend, Heliogabal, having decided to get rid of his associates, whom he suspected of betrayal, ordered the servants to pour a huge number of rose petals on them, in which they suffocated [43].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

Persian landscape art influenced the creation of gardens throughout the Ancient East.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

Rosehip

This is how Moorish gardens appeared in Spain, gardens of Tatar khans in the Crimea, gardens in Turkey [193].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In ancient Egypt, rose was grown in gardens already in the Ptolemaic era.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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This is evidenced by the surviving sculptures, bas-reliefs, descriptions of writers who lived at that time (Pliny the Elder, Diodorus of Sicily).


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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At that time, in Egypt, it was customary to plant grave gardens at tombs: there was a belief that the soul of the deceased, buried according to all the rules, comes out of the grave at night and rests in the garden under the shade trees, inhales the scent of flowers.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Garlands, wreaths were woven from the grown flowers to decorate mummies, columns of temples.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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At feasts, guests were put wreaths of flowers on their heads, and flower necklaces were hung around their necks.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The petals of the grown roses were used to make rose water and various balms.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Athenaeus said that Cleopatra, preparing for Antony's meeting, ordered to cover the floor of the refectory with rose flowers to a height of one elbow [196].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Roses were brought to Babylonia and Assyria back in the days of the Akkadian Kingdom by Sargon I from his campaign for the Central Taurus [197].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Roses were grown in gardens and parks set up at the palaces of kings and nobility and served for walking, recreation and hunting.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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These gardens were created on artificial embankments, terraces and hills (the so-called “hanging gardens”) [196].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Many famous people were fond of growing roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Russia, when rose growing was just in its infancy, roses were grown in greenhouses, and only wealthy people could afford it.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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P. A. Demidov, the elder brother of the Ural entrepreneur and owner of metallurgical plants G. A. Demidov had a botanical garden in Neskuchny, where he grew exotic plants in greenhouses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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From a census of plants in this garden made by P. S. Pallas, it is known that 11 species of rose hips were grown in Demidov's garden, of which only three grew in Russia, while the rest were imported, apparently, from France.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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At the same time, lacquer painting of metal trays was born in the Urals, in Nizhny Tagil, the main element of which is the “Tagil rose”.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In 1870, an enterprising serf peasant of Count Sheremetyev F. N. Vishnyakov opened a lacquer workshop in Zhostovo and began to produce painted caskets, chests, trays.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose became the central theme of his compositions.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rose in symbolism and literature


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose is one of the most common mythopoetic images [198].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Hinduism, rose ranks first among flowers.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Brahma argued about flowers with Vishnu and preferred lotus first, but when he saw the rose shown to him by Vishnu, he admitted his mistake and at the same time Vishnu's primacy.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The silver rose is the home of Brahma.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Aesop's fable, a beautiful rose, whose age is brief, is a symbol of short-lived luxury, not like a modest, but long-living and blooming marigold neighbor [199].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the work of the ancient writer Apuleius “Metamorphoses”, the main character Lucius, who turned into a donkey with the help of witchcraft and underwent many ordeals in this form, turned to the gods for help.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Isis responded to Lucius's request, offering him to eat blooming roses, after which Lucius regained his human form and became the priest of Isis and Osiris.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the ancient Romans, the rose symbolized joy, later mystery, silence.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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There was an expression that became a proverb — “Sub rosa dictum” (“It is said under the rose”), that is, it must be kept secret.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Later in Germany, the rose continued to be a sign of secret societies and sacraments in general.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The German expression Unter der Rosen — “under the rose” means “to keep secret.”


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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If a rose was hung on the wall above the table, it meant that the conversation should be kept secret [200].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose is a symbol of sun, star, love and beauty.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In ancient Rome, the rose was associated with Venus and, according to a number of versions, came from the tears of Venus, a woman in general, mostly beautiful.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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It is no coincidence that there are many names associated with a rose: Rose, Rosina, Rosita, Rosetta, Rosalia, Rosalind, Rosamund, etc. In ancient Greece, the rose is a symbol of the god of love Eros and an attribute of Aphrodite, who, pricked with a thorn of a white rose, shed her blood on its petals, after which red roses appeared [201].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose was called the sun in his poems by V. K. Trediakovsky, G. R. Derzhavin, it “shines” in F. A. Iskander, Igor Severyanin.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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S. A. Yesenin compared it to a lamp, and N. A. Klyuev — with a lamp.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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No less often, a rose was compared to a precious stone: B.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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L. Parsnip with diamond, Trediakovsky with yakhont.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the poetry of all times and peoples, the rose is the queen of flowers.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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“Queen of Flowers”, “Queen”, “Lady of Kingdoms” in their poems Derzhavin, M. YU.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Lermontov E.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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A. Baratynsky.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In poetry and prose, the rose is often used in comparisons when describing female beauty: M. A. Lokhvitskaya, B.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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YU.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Poplavsky, V. AND. Narbut, Arseny Tarkovsky compared a rose with lips; Narbut rose petals with fingers; a figurative comparison of a rose with an ear was cited in his poem by N. M. Oleinikov; I. A. Bunin compared roses with eyes; Lokhvitskaya likened matte pale roses to the beauty of women's shoulders, and pink roses to scarlet cheeks.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Some poets (Severyanin, A. A. Voznesensky) heard music in roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Tarkovsky compared the sounds made by rose hips with the sound of piano strings [202].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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At the same time, in Rome, ancient Greece, China and in a number of German-speaking countries, the rose was a flower associated with funeral and death.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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It was often turned into a flower of the afterlife.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In M. A. Bulgakov's “The Master and Margarita” by Pontius Pilate from dawn is haunted by the smell of rose oil, which he hated the most.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The reason seems to be due to the rose's death.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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After Yeshua's execution, the wind carries plucked roses to the balcony, and two white roses drown in a red, bloody pool of spilled wine.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Here, roses represent death both in number and color.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose in the novel appears in various versions in the scene of Woland's ball: Margarita is washed with rose oil after a bloody shower; shoes made of “pale rose petals” are put on her feet; in the second hall, walls of red, pink, milky white roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose acts as a direct attribute of Woland, that is, it symbolizes the afterlife [203].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose symbolizes the number five.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Catholic use, rosary and a special prayer for them are called the Rosary.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rosary is associated with the reflection on three “fives”, five “joyful”, five “mournful” and five “glorious” mysteries of the life of the Virgin Mary, whose attribute is also a rose.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rose in Catholicism is also an attribute of Jesus Christ, St. George, Saints Catherine, Sophia, Dorothea, Valentine, Theresa and others, often symbolizes the church in general.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Ukraine, where the influence of the Catholic religion is strong, the wedding towel was decorated with red and blue tassels.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Red was associated with a rose, and blue with periwinkle, and this combination symbolized “nev'yanuchi the purity of love” — “unfading pure love” [204].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Christianity, rose means mercy, mercy, forgiveness, divine love, martyrdom, victory.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Lermontov's poems, the rose is “the daughter of heaven”.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Voznesensky found a resemblance between a rose with a bud and a Madonna with a child [202].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In medieval Christian art, the rose symbolized heavenly bliss.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The parts of the rose also received a symbolic meaning: greenery is joy, thorns are sadness, the flower itself is glory.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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At the end of Dante's Divine Comedy, the rose is a mystical symbol that unites all the souls of the righteous.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Each petal is the soul of the righteous, and the highest of them is the Mother of God.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The heavenly rose is the image of Dante's Paradise, the universe and supreme bliss.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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After Dante, the rose increasingly symbolized spiritual selectivity and perfection, creative impulse (in Italian humanistic Neoplatonism, the philosophy of the Rosicrucians and Freemasons, etc.).


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rose as a symbol of earthly sensitive passion was popular in medieval courtly literature (for example, “The Novel of the Rose”), modern European love lyrics, erotic allegorics of the 16th-18th centuries.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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With earthly love and passion, the rose was associated in their poems by M. Lermontov, Vyach.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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AND. Ivanov N. S. Gumilyov.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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We compared a rose with fire Derzhavin, Bunin, M. A. Voloshin, Andrey Bely, A. A. Akhmatova [202].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Sasha Black rose hips called “violently fiery” and compared it with an “unrestrained lover” [202].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose became the pivotal symbol image in the art of romantics (W. Blake D. G. Rosseti, A. Stifter), symbolists of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (S. Mallarme, W. de Lisle-Adan, O. Wilde), poets of the Silver Age (A. A. Blok O. E. Mandelstam, Akhmatova).


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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A. A. Fet dedicated poems “Rose”, “Autumn Rose”, “September Rose”, “Month and Rose”, “Nightingale and Rose” to the rose.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Akhmatova wrote a series of poems called “Rosehip blooms. From a burnt notebook.”


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Her rose hips in this cycle are a symbol of eternal separation and longing.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Red rose is a Christian symbol of the earthly world; the emblem of Adonis, Aphrodite, Venus, Sappho; the sign of the house of Lancaster; delight, shyness, shame, desire, hug, passion, motherhood, death, martyrdom.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Gumilyov called the rose a virgin, in his poems the rose turns pink with embarrassment and blushes “burned by the fire of love.”


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Derzhavin, Vyazemsky and Gumilyov compared the red color of the rose with blush, women's cheeks.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The red rose was compared to the blood of K. N. Batyushkov, Mandelshtam, M. D. Roizman, Y.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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A. Eichenwald.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the verses of Derzhavin and Pushkin, the red rose is the “child of dawn” [202].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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White rose — purity, virginity, spirituality, abstract thought, silence; a sign of the House of York; a symbol of Lutheranism (Luther Rose).


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Red and white roses together mean unity, union.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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A garland or crown of roses is an attribute of Eros, Cupid, Saint Cecilia; a blissful soul, heavenly joy, comfort in the Christian faith; an angelic crown.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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U A. Blok in the poem “The Twelve” Jesus Christ “in a white corolla of roses”.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Akhmatova's poems we read: “but soon... roses will be braided with a crown of hearts and the voices of the invisible will sound” [202].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose on the cross represents the death of Christ, the rose thorn represents suffering, death, the Christian symbol of sin; the rose without thorns is ingratitude; the wreath on the rose is heavenly joy, the reward for virtue; the rose garden New Jerusalem.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The golden rose is a rose made of gold and strewn with diamonds, every year on the fourth Sunday of fasting (Sunday of Roses) is consecrated by the Pope in the presence of the college of cardinals and brought into the temple; a symbol of the church, heavenly blessing and joy; complains by the Pope as a special difference, usually to the face of the sovereign house.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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According to some reports, this custom already existed under Pope Leo IX; according to others, it first occurs only around 1400.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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A rose rosette is a sign of the seven names of Allah in Islam; in Buddhism, knowledge, law, the path of order, that is, a triple axiom symbolized by the lotus; a star, a circle of the universe.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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For Arabs, the rose is a male symbol; in Jewish Kabbalah, the rose is a symbol of unity.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the classic image, the rose has 32 petals, hence the name wind rose.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Rose in myths and tales


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the myths of the ancient Greeks, the rose arose from the nectar that Eros shed at the feast of the gods.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In ancient Roman mythology, the rose arose from the tears of Venus.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the mythology of different peoples, there are several versions of explaining the red color of a rose and the appearance of thorns in it:


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose turned red after blood fell on her from Aphrodite's leg, which pricked her thorn while searching for Adonis she killed.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose turned red and turned red with pleasure after being kissed by Eve walking in the Garden of Eden.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose turned red due to Cupid's carelessness, who spilled a drop of wine on its petals.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The origin of rose thorns is also associated with Cupid.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Breathing in the scent of the rose, Cupid was stung by a bee.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Angry, he shot the bee with a bow and hit the stem of a rose, after which the arrow turned into a thorn.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The origin of rose thorns is also associated with Bacchus.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In pursuit of the nymph, Bacchus found himself in front of an insurmountable barrier of thorns and ordered her to turn into a fence of roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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However, after making sure later that such a fence would not be able to hold the nymph, Bacchus provided the roses with thorns.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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A similar myth exists among the Algonquin Indians.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Gluskabe provided the rose with thorns to protect it from being eaten by animals.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the Christian religion, the red color of a rose is associated with the blood of Christ shed on the cross.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The white rose is associated with tears shed by Mary Magdalene.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Often, the red color of the rose is associated with fire.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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There is a well-known motive for turning the ashes of burned Christian martyrs into red roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the Iranian legend of Zarathustra, he was laid on a bed of ashes to kill him, but the ashes turned into red roses.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In the Arab Muslim myth, a white rose is the sweat that fell from Muhammad to the ground, which appeared on his way to heaven.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose is found in legends and fairy tales of many peoples.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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In Iranian legends and fairy tales, the nightingale's love for the rose is traditional.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The nightingale cries out if a rose is picked.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The rose is red from the blood of a nightingale in love with it.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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If the rose is the embodiment of youth and beauty that pleases the eye, then the nightingale is the best singer and the standard of beauty in music.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Lithuanians have a fairy tale about the unrequited love for the beautiful singer Dainas, who drowned himself in grief and turned into a nightingale; only then did the beauty feel love for him, also died of grief and turned into a hundred-petal rose that blooms when the nightingale stops singing [205].


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale “Swineherd” says: On the grave of the prince's father grew a rose bush of unspeakable beauty; it blossomed only once every five years, and only one bloomed on it rose.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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But she poured such a sweet aroma that by drinking it, you could forget all your sorrows and worries.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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The prince also had a nightingale who sang so wonderfully, as if he had all the most wonderful melodies in the world in his neck.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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All the best that the poor prince had — a rose and a nightingale — he gave to the princess by marrying her.


Question: What kind of climate does rose hips grow in?

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However, she did not appreciate this gift.