Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Such a bike path is usually adjacent to a sidewalk or it itself serves for the passage of pedestrians.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Such bike paths, as a rule, do:


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

if the road has many junctions of secondary streets on one side.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The bike path can then be laid on the other side so that cyclists do not have to cross secondary roads often.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

A typical example of such a situation is the river embankments within the city;


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

on streets where points of interest are mainly located on one side.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Here it is more reasonable to place the bike path on this side of interest, so that cyclists do not have to cross the road at each destination;


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

on one-way streets, where bicycles need to be organized in both directions.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Everything seems to be clear here.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

An alternative to a two-way bike path is separate bike paths on both sides of the street, but the problem is that drivers leaving yards and secondary driveways into a one-way street traffic, do not expect to meet cyclists moving towards the stream.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

An isolated bike path (cycle path, solar cycle track) is an independent, two-way bicycle path that is not tied to the highway.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

This is already a full-fledged bike road, it can even have its own sidewalk.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

If there is no sidewalk, which is usually the case in places with little pedestrian and bicycle traffic, pedestrians have the right to walk on the bike lanes.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Combined bike paths are paths on which both pedestrians and cyclists are allowed to move.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Formally, their paths cannot be classified as bicycle paths.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In English-language literature, only isolated paths are considered bike paths.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In Russia, amendments to traffic rules and GOSTs are being prepared [3], if adopted, a new type of road infrastructure will appear — a (combined) “pedestrian and bicycle path” and “a pedestrian and bicycle path with separate traffic”.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

There are similar “bike paths” in Sweden and Finland.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

As a rule, such paths are created at the expense of sidewalks on the streets, the width of which or the insignificant amount of bicycle and pedestrian traffic does not allow us to distinguish full-fledged bicycle paths.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Historical facts


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In Holland, bicycles appeared in 1870 and quickly became the main mode of transport.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

By 1920, their share in traffic was 75%.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Conflicts between cyclists and other road users — riders and pedestrians — were also common in the pre-automotive era.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Therefore, a hundred years ago, proposals were made to divide the road space into separate sections for different types of transport and pedestrians.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The first signs for the track were text.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

For example, since 1883, signs To cyclists have been placed in England: This hill is dangerous Cyclists: This descent is dangerous.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

At the dawn of the last century, cycling was a very fashionable and popular entertainment in the United States.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

January 1, 1900 (!) The first part of the Pasadena — Los Angeles toll bike highway was opened in California.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

According to the project, the bike path was supposed to stretch for 10 km and connect Pasadena, then a suburb of Los Angeles, with the urban area of Highland Park.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Opened in 1900, the part was 2 km long, paved with pine tiles, and was illuminated at night.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

It cost 10 cents one way along the path, 15 cents round trip.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Due to the fall in the popularity of the bicycle, the owners of the bicycle highway refused further construction, and a few years later they dismantled the already built part.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The emergence and beginning of mass production of cars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries quickly changed the balance of power on the road.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In Germany, in 1920—1930, the auto industrial lobby tried to expel cyclists from the roads.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

And note that at that time no one called roads roads roads.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

It was just roads and streets.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In the same years, in England, supporters of cycling tried to do the same with cars — prohibit them from driving on ordinary roads and streets, expel them on reservations — on special cars roads that, however, still needed to be built.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

As long as there were few cars, it seemed quite possible.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

But both on the continent and in England, motorists quickly won.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

With a very simple and democratic idea — the idea of free use of public roads.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bike paths running along the roadways of streets were planned to be built in England back in the 1920s.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

But the English cycling club then opposed this, fearing that cyclists would have to pay an additional tax on the construction of bike paths, and as a result, until the 1970s, bike paths in England almost did not build.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The history of bicycle walkways dates back to post-war Sweden.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The SCAFT research team from Chalmers University of Technology has developed a guide to urban planning that has had a significant impact on at least the Nordic countries.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

This document proposed to separate motorized traffic from non-motorized traffic wherever possible.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

At the same time, pedestrians and cyclists were considered a homogeneous group, and paths for them were proposed to be built according to the same principles, or even combined on the same paths.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Therefore, most of the combined pedestrian and bicycle sidewalks can now be observed in Sweden and Finland.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Under the influence of this guide, an extensive bicycle network was built in Helsinki.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In Germany, by the end of the 1960s and early 70s, the number of cyclists decreased significantly, and bike paths “as unnecessary” began to be built up with car parks.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

By this time, the car had become the main means of transport in European countries.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Even in a cycling country like Holland, the construction of bike paths has almost ceased.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The beginning of the bicycle revival in European countries is associated with the deterioration of the environmental situation due to cars and the oil crisis of 1973.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In Holland, this was also supplemented by a large number of victims among children and cyclists who died because of cars.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

As a result, as early as 1978, bicycle and bicycle infrastructure were given priority in terms of transport development in Amsterdam.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In 2014, the Netherlands opened the world's first bike path made of solar panels.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bike paths in Russian cities


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Mini|bike path along the Gorodnya River in the Zyablikovo district of Moscow.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Anapa is a lane for cyclists and people with disabilities on the roadway of Pionersky Prospekt.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Balashikha — bike paths are marked with road markings on sidewalks [4].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Belgorod — Belgorod — Stroitel — Yakovlevo — Kursk Bulge Memorial bike path, only about 30 km.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Veliky Novgorod is a bike path along the coastal side of Kolmovskaya Embankment, a bike path along the western side of Magistralnaya Street, a bike path combined with a sidewalk, about 90 m long on the northern the side of Alexander Korsunov Avenue from the intersection with Kochetova Street towards the village of Grigorovo, a bicycle lane 1 meter wide along the pedestrian path on the alley between the main roadway and” pocket” of Mira Avenue.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Volgograd is a bike path on the Embankment.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Length is 2 km.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Dzerzhinsk is a bike path along the Northern Highway from the Northern Gate to the exit to the M7 highway.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Dubna is one official bike path and several in the form of part of the sidewalk along the street. Enthusiasts and Kaliningradskaya.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Yekaterinburg — ~ 6.5 km of bike paths (marked with appropriate signs) in one-sided calculation (taking into account that all double-sided ones are 13 km).


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

All are located in the new (continuing construction) Akademichesky district on the south-western outskirts of the city.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Namely: Krasnolesya and de Genina streets (~2.5 km unilaterally each), Akademika Sakharov and Pavel Shamanov Streets (a little less than a kilometer each).


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Asphalt pavement.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Not highlighted in color, only by markup.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

They are combined with footpaths.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

There are traffic lights at crossroads with signals for cyclists.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Ivanovo — bike paths along some streets, in particular, along Lezhnevskoye Shosse to Kukarino.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Izhevsk — bike path on the Izhevsk Pond Embankment [5]


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Yoshkar-Ola — a bike path in the Central Park of Culture and Recreation and on the Health Alley


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Kaliningrad is a bike path in the park near the Upper Lake.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Kemerovo is a bike path in Komsomolsky Park, as well as in the form of a part of the sidewalk that turns into a bicycle path on Lenin, Oktyabrsky and Leningradsky avenues.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Krasnodar is a bike path on Postovaya Street in the form of a part of the sidewalk, turning into a bike path on the embankment of the Kuban River.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Cycle path combined with the sidewalk along 1st Trudovaya-Yeiskoye Shosse Street


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Kstovo is a bike path from house No. 11 along Shkolnaya Street to the Neftekhimik Stadium, running along Talalushkina Street, Mira Boulevard and Nefteperebotchikov Boulevard [6]


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Moscow — the first bike paths in Moscow began to appear in parks and squares in 2012.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In 2015, the length of bike paths in the capital was 190 km, 60 km of bike paths pass through the streets, the remaining 130 km are located in parks and squares [7].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

At the time of 2017, 210 km of bike paths were equipped in Moscow [8].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In winter, bike paths in Moscow are used as a pedestrian zone [9].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

At the initiative of Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, bicycle paths began to be massively built in the capital [10].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

By April 2018, about 773 kilometers of dedicated lanes and bicycle paths operate in Moscow [11].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In 2013, the longest bike path was opened — from Muzeon to Victory Park, 16 kilometers [12].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In 2014, a bike path appeared on Pyatnitskaya Street [13].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

On July 4, 2015, the Moscow Department of Transport, within the framework of the My Street project, opened the first dedicated bicycle lane on the Boulevard Ring, from Nikitsky to Chistoprudny Boulevard, with a length of about 9 km [8].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

cycle path on Vorobyovy Gory (near Vorobyovy Gory metro station)


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Krylatsky Hills cycle track


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path in Pokrovskoye-Glebovo Park


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path on the backup of Prospekt Vernadsky (between Universitet and Prospekt Vernadskogo metro stations) [14]


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path on Luzhnetskaya Embankment


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path in Bitsa Forest Park


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path in the Setun River Valley Nature Reserve


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path in Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo Park


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path on the territory of the Kuskovo forest park


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path in Kuzminki-Lyublino Park


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path in the Teply Stan reserve


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path on the territory of Losiny Ostrov National Park [15]


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Kapotnya-Maryino bike path (through Maryinsky Park)


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path in Yuzhny Park [16]


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Nalchik is a bike path in the city park along Lipovaya Alley [17].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Nizhny Novgorod — a bike path along the Nizhnevolzhskaya Embankment from Rybny Lane to the Georgievsky Exit, a bike path along the northern shore of Lake Meshcherskoye, a bike path along the Concrete Bridge over Meshcherskoye lake, bike path along Meshchersky Boulevard.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Novosibirsk — bicycle paths in Akademgorodok.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Ozyorsk (Chelyabinsk-40, Chelyabinsk Region) is a bike path marked along the embankment on Gaidar Street.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

It has experimental significance.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Perm — bike paths marked on the sidewalk and bicycle lanes on the roadway on Lenin Street.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

~12.3 km in one-sided terms, all of them are bilateral, namely st. Lenin with one-quarter branches along the street. Kuibyshev and st. Khokhryakov Str. Belinsky — Southern dam, pr. Parkovy, Krupskaya Street, Uinsky Street.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

It is planned to create bike paths on the street. Heroes Khasan and st. Marshal Rybalko.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Petrozavodsk is a bike path combined with the sidewalk along the Onega Embankment; cycling alleys Green Trail and Ivan Tsarevich Trail.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bike path in the Scandinavia residential complex, the Kaskad residential complex.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bike path along the Fontany ski track.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Pskov is a bike path combined with a sidewalk, about 500 m long on Rokossovsky Street, a 600 m long bike path in the park of the Pskovy River, a bike path combined with a sidewalk, about 1200 m long on the embankment Velikaya River, a bike path combined with a sidewalk, 350 meters long on Lenin Street, a network of bike paths in the Finnish Park about 1000 meters long


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Rostov-on-Don — in 2010, a pilot bike path was arranged that connected the student dormitory on Nagibina Avenue, the Don Public Library on Pushkinskaya Street, Rostov State Construction University on Sotsialisticheskaya Street and the Medical University on Krepostnoy Lane [18].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

There are also paths on Kommunistichesky, Cosmonauts, Grebnoye, in the Aviators Park


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Ryazan


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Lybedsky Boulevard, a network of bike paths passing along one of the central boulevards of the city, was proposed by the civil public organization Ryazan Regional Cycling Movement.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In 2012, the construction of a network began, starting from the Central Sports Complex to the Prioksky Forest Park.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

A distinctive feature of this project is its full public implementation — from the project concept to the construction itself.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Prioksky Forest Park — The Ryazan administration plans to build a bicycle road network with a total length of 2.7 kilometers, passing exclusively through the forest and meadow territory, and complementing the existing asphalt road network [19].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Muromskoye Shosse is a projected high-speed route that is being implemented together with the construction of the Northern Ring Road and runs parallel to it.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Ryazan-Solotcha is a projected high-speed route that will be located in one of the most popular destinations and will connect the city with the resort area of Solotcha by a bicycle highway.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The highway will be built entirely in the Prioksky meadows and forests of the Meshchyorsky National Park.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The project will provide for complete flooding of the road during the spring flood [20].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Samara is a bike path on the second stage of the Volga embankment.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Saint Petersburg


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path on the territory of Murinsky Park along Lunacharsky Avenue from Kultury Avenue to Rustaveli Street;


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path on Sofiyskaya Street from the Ring Road to Kolpino;


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike paths on Krestovsky Island along Severnaya Road and Kemskaya Street, along Yuzhnaya Road and Krestovsky Prospekt, on Bolshoy Petrovsky Bridge and approaches to it.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path on Slavy Avenue - from Bukharestskaya to Prazhskaya


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

planned bike paths:


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Commandant airfield — Center (station m. Komendantsky Prospekt — Finlyandsky Railway Station);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Prospekt Prosvescheniya — Center (station Prospekt Prosveshcheniya Ozerki — Finlyandsky railway station);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Grazhdansky Prospekt — Center (station m. Grazhdansky Prospekt — Finlyandsky Station)


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Khasanskaya St. — Center (Khasanskaya St. — Ave. Mentors — Ave. Kosygin — Zanevskaya pl. );


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Kupchino — Center (st. m. Mezhdunarodnaya — Moskovsky


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Moskovskaya pl.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

— Center (st. m. Moskovskaya — Moskovsky railway station);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Lunacharsky Avenue (pr. Lunacharsky from Vyborgsky highway to ul. Rustaveli);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Leninsky Prospekt — Baltiysky Railway Station (metro station. Leninsky Prospekt — Baltiysky Railway Station);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Leninsky Prospekt (Leninsky Ave from ul. Valor to st. m. Moscow);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Pushkin-Kolpino (railway station) Tsarskoye Selo - railway station Kolpino);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Kronstadt (Citadelskoe Shosse — Kronstadt Highway — Toulonskaya Alley);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Saint Petersburg — Zelenogorsk (st. m. Staraya Derevnya, next to the future Lakhta Center and the park of the 300th anniversary - railway station Sestroretsk - railway station Zelenogorsk);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Saint Petersburg — Lomonosov (st. Leninsky Prospekt — st. m. Veteranov Avenue — Peterhof highway — railway station New Peterhof — railway station Oranienbaum);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Saint Petersburg — railway station


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Pavlovsk (st. m. Moscow — Vitebsky Ave. — pos. Shushary — railway station Tsarskoye Selo - railway station Pavlovsk);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Saint Petersburg — Pargolovo (station m. Ozerki - Vyborgskoe sh. - pos. Pargolovo);


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Saint Petersburg — Kolpino (st. m. Mezhdunarodnaya — Sofiyskaya str. Kolpino) [21].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

At the moment, all St. Petersburg bike paths are not related to each other in any way, are meaningless from a transport point of view and have a purely walking purpose.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Svetlogorsk (Kaliningrad Region) — sidewalk with bicycle and pedestrian paths from ul. Vereshchagin to ul. Dinamo, with a length of about 1 km [22].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Sovetsk is a sidewalk with bicycle and pedestrian paths around the northern part of the Castle Mill pond (City Lake) about 1 km long.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Tver is a bike path from Peterburgskoye Shosse to the Regional Perinatal Center (Bolotnikova Street) [23].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Ufa is a sidewalk with bicycle and pedestrian paths (marked with markings) along Oktyabrya Avenue with a length of ~7 km.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

There is also a 550 m long bike path on both sides along 50 let SSSR Street from ul. Sorge to October Avenue.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In 2012, a program was adopted for the construction of a unified system of bike paths in the city, 97 km long.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

As of June 2014, 27 km of tracks have already been built, which makes St. Ufa is the most cycling city in Russia [24].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

As of June 2015, Ufa has already built [25] 45 km of bicycle paths, and it is planned to create a single bicycle transport network of the city on its basis.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Khabarovsk — a test bike path on Amursky Boulevard (~ 470 m, launched on August 31, 2015) and a bike path in Northern Park (~ 3 km, launched on October 16, 2015).


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Cheboksary


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

bike path from the stop “Roshcha” to the village. Khirkasy Cheboksary District is 2 m wide and has a total length of about 10 km.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The urban part of the bike path was repaired in 2007 [26];


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

7.6 km long ring cycle track: pedestrian bridge on the Bay — Presidential Boulevard — ul. Dzerzhinsky — Republic Square — st. Karl Marx Ave. Lenina — st. Gagarin — st. Kalinina — Kazanskaya Embankment — Red Square.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Ulyanovsk-bike path Stepan Razin-Center Descent, Center-Ulgtu-Presidential Bridge.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and Avtodor have taken a rather interesting legal position on the movement of bicycles on the bridge, creating a precedent for interpreting traffic rules.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Traffic rules prohibit the movement of bicycles on the highway.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The same rule was usually extended to the side of the highway as part of it.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Although, on the other hand, traffic rules allow traffic on the side of the road, if this does not interfere with pedestrians who are not on the roadsides of the highway.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Mostly, the interpretation of traffic rules was previously inclined in favor of banning the movement of bicycles on the side of highways.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

However, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation took the position that this legal conflict should be resolved in each specific case in different ways on the basis of the approved traffic scheme in accordance with Order No. 43 of March 17, 2015 and the default traffic scheme does not prohibit the movement of cyclists, but allows (clause 12.7, clause 16.21, item 27.5, etc.).


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Cycle paths in Germany


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Germany is covered by a dense network of both local and far [29] bike paths.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

A number of international marked bicycle paths belonging to the Eurovelo project pass through its territory.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Long-distance bike roads popular with traveling cyclists include:


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The Rhine cycle path, 1230 km long, runs most of Germany along the Rhine River.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bicycle paths in Ukraine


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In Ukraine, bicycle paths are extremely rare and do not form a transport network.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In 2009, the VeloStrana project (Ukrainian: VeloKraina) was created, the ultimate goal of which is to create an infrastructure for recreational cycling in the Carpathian mountains.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The project area includes Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions [30].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Branch 4 of the EuroVelo Roscoff — Kiev route passes through the territory of Ukraine, connecting the Ukrainian cities of Kiev and Lviv [31].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

ARC: On July 15, 2012, the first tourist bike route was opened, which runs along the southern coast of Crimea.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The tourist bike route starts from the Livadia Palace, passes through the territory of the Gasprinsky Village Council along the Solar Path and ends at the Swallow's Nest Palace-Museum.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The route was created taking into account the standards of the EuroVelo network of European transnational routes [32].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Vinnytsia: On June 2, 2011, Vinnytsia Mayor Volodymyr Groysman met with cyclists of the regional center.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The meeting resulted in the creation of a working group, within two weeks the condition of the asphalt pavement, the presence of ramps and the length of future bicycle paths were examined [33].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Given that the city budget for 2011 did not provide funds for the adaptation of city streets for the needs of cyclists, it was decided to partially implement this project in 2011 and allocate lanes for cyclists on the sidewalk along Khmelnitsky highway and on the roadways of Pirogov passage and Kosmonavtov Avenue.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Road markings and badges were applied in the relevant areas, appropriate road signs were installed, and ramps were arranged.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

[34] The first tracks were released in July 2011.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The total length is 6.4 km.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

[35] [36]


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Kyiv: In 2008, the city state administration, together with cyclists, developed and approved a list of streets for arranging bicycle lanes and paths as part of the city's scheme of bicycle routes in the city.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Experts have identified 17 of the most popular cycling routes with a length of 161 kilometers, which involve 62 streets of the capital [37] [38].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

As of August 2012, routes along Bazhana Avenue (2 km out of 6 planned) [39] [40] and Pobedy Avenue are known, among the negative features of which are the lack of convenient rides on the bike path, sharp turns and the constant intersection of the bike path with pedestrian exits [41].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

By the end of 2012, 5 city routes with a length of 38 km will be designed.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Darnitsky district of Kiev became a pilot for the development of bicycle infrastructure [42].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In September 2015, the Troyeshchina-Evropeyskaya Square bicycle route was opened, which runs along Honore de Balzac Street, Vatutina Avenue, Northern Bridge, Trukhanov Island, then along the Pedestrian Bridge and Khreshchaty Park overlooks the European Square.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The mayor of Kiev Vitaly Klitschko announced the further construction of bike paths in all districts of the capital.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Lviv: With the assistance of the German Technical Cooperation Society (GTZ), the group developed a plan for the phased construction of a bicycle network in Lviv.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In 2012, one path was built, passing along Lipinsky Street, its length is 400 meters.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bike paths are laid next to pedestrian paths.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Red asphalt concrete is used for bike paths, for better orientation of pedestrians [43].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Mariupol: In June 2011, at the request of the city's cycling community, markings were applied along Nakhimov Avenue.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

It is planned to mark the site along Primorsky Boulevard.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Marking is used to create bicycle paths, and separate roads are not built [44].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Odessa: the only [45] track — on the Health Route was placed in early June 2012.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

It runs from Lanzheron Street.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The width of the surface is 2 meters, road markings and a network of signs are applied [46].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The path is illuminated [47], the territory is guarded by internal troops [48].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Chernihiv: The first pilot bike path was opened in July 2015 on the street. Shchors from the Palace of Culture to the Circle.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The project was commissioned by public organizations, mainly by volunteers from the same public organizations.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Chernomorsk: The first test bike path was opened along Korabelnaya Street in July 2015, it is made with two-way traffic and is looped.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The next bike path appeared in August 2015 along Prospekt Mira.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The authorities want to create a network of bike paths in the city, as the number of cyclists increases every year.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bicycle parking lots have already been installed throughout the city.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bike paths in Belarus


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Mini|190pcs|bike path in Minsk


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In Minsk, the bike path, which crosses almost the entire city, is 27 km long.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

It passes through Leninsky, Partizansky and Tsentralny districts of the city [49].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In Gomel, the first was a bike path connecting the northern exit with the agricultural town of Eremino.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Later, it was continued to the Kostyukovka workers' settlement (now the Gomel microdistrict).


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In the city itself, bike paths are separated from sidewalks by applying dividing markings.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Cycle paths Transnistria


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

In Pridnestrovie, there is only one bicycle path in the city of Dnestrovsk.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

It goes from the power station to the village.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Length is 2.3 km.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Road signs and markings


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Road signs in Ukraine comply with the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The division of road signs into groups, numbering, names, sizes, shapes, symbols and placement requirements are regulated by DSTU 4100-2002 [50].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Road markings comply with the 1968 Convention on Road Signs and Signals as well as the 1973 Protocol on Road Markings.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

All requirements are set out in DSTU 2587-94.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Road markings are lines, inscriptions or other signs applied to the carriageway, curbs and elements of a road structure.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The horizontal marking lines are white [50].


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Road signs and markings of Ukraine1.34.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Departure of cyclists.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

A section of the road where cyclists may appear, or the intersection with a bicycle path outside the intersection.3.8.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bicycles are not allowed.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The sign does not apply to vehicles that serve citizens or belong to citizens living or working in this zone, as well as to vehicles that are serviced by enterprises located in the designated area.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The coverage area of the sign is from the place of installation to the nearest intersection behind it.7.5.7.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Vehicle type: bicycle.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Indicates the type of vehicle (bicycle) to which the sign applies.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The plate is placed directly below the signs with which it is used.4.12.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

A path for cyclists.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Cycling only.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

If there is no sidewalk or footpath, pedestrian traffic is also allowed.4.14.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

A walkway for pedestrians and cyclists.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

The movement of pedestrians and cyclists.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Markup 1.15.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Indicates where the bike path crosses the carriageway.


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Gallery


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Buenos Aires, Argentina


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Anzac Bridge Walkway, Australia


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bicycle indicators on; Antwerp Central Station, Belgium


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Belo Horizonte, Brazil


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bicycle rental, Providencia, Chile


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Qingliu Embankment Walkway, Zhuhai County, China


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Part of a new track in Copenhagen, Denmark


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Walkway in Oulu, Finland


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Dashboard with road map, France


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Sign for Gurkenradweg, a 260 km [51] bicycle road in Germany


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Starting point in Zalalövő, Hungary


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

A fragment of the track in the


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bicycle gateway in Asahikawa, Japan


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Jersey is renovating and expanding a bike path


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

, a favorite place for suicides in Luxembourg


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Wind Wand at New Plymouth Waterfront, New Zealand


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

A path in Poznan, Poland


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Marking Works, San Juan, Puerto Rico


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Compass at the intersection of bike paths in, Sweden


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Road markings, Lucerne, Switzerland


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

traditional — Bremen ma 700 km of bike paths


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

innovative — Bremen ma 700 km of bike paths


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

See also


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Bike lane


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Road rules for bicycles


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Pedestrian zone


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Notes


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

References


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Category:Bike


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Category:Road types


Question: Where did the first Bike Track appear?

Bike path

Category:Cycling


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Population census in Russia is the collection, generalization, study and dissemination of demographic, economic and social data related at a certain time to all persons in Russia and to the territories of its former state entities.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Census history


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

After the formation of the Russian Centralized State, so - called “scribe books” were created in some places, which contained information about the population, descriptions of cities, villages, estates, churches.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The object of taxation was originally land plots productively used in the farm - plough (later a quarter, tithing).


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In the 17th century, the yard became the unit of taxation, and the main form of accounting was household censuses.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In addition to household censuses, national censuses were also held in some territories (1646, 1678, 1710, the Landrat Census of 1715—1717).


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The decree of Peter I of November 26, 1718 marked the beginning of state audits, which were carried out 10 from 1719 to 1858.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The first general census of the population of Russia was conducted as of February 9, 1897.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In Soviet times, censuses were conducted as of August 28, 1920. (in territories not covered by civil war), on March 15, 1923 (urban), and general censuses as of December 17, 1926, January 6, 1937, January 17, 1939, 15 January 1959, 15 January 1970, 17 January 1979 and 12 January 1989.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

After the collapse of the USSR, the next census of the population of Russia, scheduled for 1999, was postponed due to financial instability after the crisis of 1998.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

It was held only on 9 October 2002.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The last census of the population of Russia was conducted in October 2010.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Population registration in the 13th—16th centuries.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Scribe books


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In Russia, regular confirmed registration of the population began during the Mongolian invasion.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Accounting at that time was household: they were calculated for taxation of the house, or “smoke”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The first census by the Mongols dates back to 1245.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

It was followed by three more censuses: in 1257, 1259, and 1273.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The censuses were not universal, as they did not include the part of the population exempt from taxation.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The chronicles of the ancient period emphasize that although the Horde people “isolate the entire Russian land”, but “there are no priests, cherntsev and who served the holy churches”, that is, that privileged category of the population which was exempt from the collection of tribute.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The need to turn household records into a legal document determined the correctness of the records, confirmation by the taxable household.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The elements of the economy were not always correctly reproduced in the “numbers” and, according to the chronicler, “the boyars are good for themselves, and the lesser is evil”, which caused protests of the taxable and the need repeated descriptions.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In Russia, in the XIV-XVI centuries, land and economic descriptions took place.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Their results were recorded in the so-called scribe books.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The importance of scribe books as documents on the basis of which taxation is made is increasing, but they are beginning to take the form of land inventories.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The coverage of economic life phenomena was very wide — from information about the towers of the city kremlins to news of breeds of fish caught in the lakes.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

However, the scribe descriptions were still not population records.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

During them, only the owners of the yards were identified.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Data from land inventories could serve only as temporary sources for determining taxation.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Trade and fishing activities remained under such a system without taxation, which was not beneficial to the state fiscal and made it necessary to find new units of taxation.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The yard became such a unit.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Scribe books occupy an honorable place among the predecessors of modern statistics.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

They contain a lot of interesting information about the Russian economy at that time.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Of course, their data is poorly systematized.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The form of presentation is also unusual: paragraphs spread over several pages, making you want to stop and take a break.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Household censuses of the XVII century


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In the 17th century, the economy (“yard”) became the unit of taxation, and population records are called courtyard censuses.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Although such descriptions were often carried out, they were geographically limited, covered a small area and were determined by tasks of a local order.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Even then, the deep crisis of the economy, the depletion of the treasury and the extreme uneven tax in various parts of the country caused the idea of conducting a census in all parts of the state according to a single specimen.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

This idea was not implemented, although attempts were made in the late 1920s and 40s of the 17th century.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Almost every census leaves a memory of itself.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Sometimes these are legends, and more often, especially in modern times, the results of calculations recorded on paper.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Their results more or less fully describe the life of society during the period when the accounting was carried out.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

But the memory of the census is also preserved thanks to documents of a different kind.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Now such documents would be called “instructional material” or “statements of citizens”, and in the 17th century they were called orders and petitions.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

One of these petitions, filed in the summer of 7153 (and according to the modern calendar - in 1645) in the name of 16-year-old Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, played an important role in the history of censuses.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The nobles who made it up, of course, thought least of all about census cases.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

They cared about something completely different - the fact that they “impoverished from the services, and from the great debts and horses fell, and their estates and fiefdoms were empty and their houses were depleted and ruined without a trace from the war and from the strong people.”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

However, it so happened that this petition was the reason for serious changes in the organization of population registration.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The “powerful of the world”, which were mentioned in the petition, were the largest landowners - boyars, who sometimes owned thousands of peasant households.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

They often captured and sheltered peasants belonging to their weaker neighbors, and after the “time years” — the statute of limitations for the search for fugitives — recorded the peasants behind them.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

It was impossible not to reckon with the demands of the boyars.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The “strong people” had to make concessions.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

One of them was the decision to conduct a census in 1646.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The government order clearly defined the serfdom goals of the census.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

“How peasants and bobs and their yards will be rewritten,” it said, “according to those census books, peasants and bobs, and their children, brothers, and nephews will be strong and without time years... And which people, after that correspondence, will take into account the fugitive peasants to accept and keep them, and the patrimonies and landowners of those peasants, by court and investigation and according to those census books, give...”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The census of 1646, unlike previous scribe descriptions, was primarily a population count.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Scribes recorded all taxed males, including children (the latter with an indication of age).


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The results of the census then served a dual service — they became the legal basis for even greater enslavement of peasants and the basis for collecting taxes.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The next census was conducted in 1676—78.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Many documents have been preserved that make it possible to recreate the atmosphere in which censuses were conducted, describe portraits of census takers, and find out the attitude of the population to censuses.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

From them, you can imagine how the population was counted in Russia in the 17th century.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The census was conducted primarily by scribes and scribes who served in Moscow orders — the central authorities responsible for a particular area of state affairs.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The highest-ranking scribes held important administrative positions, the responsibility of the rest was to draw up numerous order papers.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

“The state is noble,” wrote academician M. N. Tikhomirov,” largely relied on this order company, which, I must say, was more ardently hated by the population.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

They made it possible to change order documents, they carried out various kinds of red tape, which in the 17th century, even in tsarist documents, was called “Moscow red tape”... Scribes often ravaged during uprisings, and sometimes they died.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Since the 17th century, they had a very poetic name — “nettle seed” (Tikhomirov M. N. The Russian state of the 15th—17th centuries. M., 1973).


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

To conduct a census in a particular county, a scribe and several of his assistants, scribes, were sent there, who were divided into “old” (older) and young.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The work of the scribe was difficult and required special knowledge.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The trip was expected to be long, and we were seriously preparing for it.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

First of all, the scribe was provided with an order — instructions on how to conduct a census.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In addition, he was given “seasoning books” — copies of materials from previous descriptions of the area to which the scribe was sent.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

For example, the census books of 1646 were used as “seasoning” during the census of 1676—1678.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

It is clear that the “seasoning books” served as a great help for the scribe — they were a kind of guide to the area, and a model for compiling new books, and, finally, a means of comparison the results obtained with data from previous years, and, consequently, an instrument of control.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The local voivode was obliged to assist the census takers who arrived in his county, appoint assistants from among the local population and provide them with everything they needed, starting with food.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In the 1920s of the 17th century, the census commission was supposed, for example, to issue “lamb carcass, chicken, onions, garlic, eggs and oil on a fast day, and on a lean day... where what kind of fish radiates.”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The direct work of the scribes began with the fact that when they came to the camps and volosts, to monastic estates and estates, they had to “deduct the decree (on the census) in those estates and estates... so that the nobles and boyar children and their clerks and elders and kisses bring fairy tales to them...”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In this case, reports on the number of peasants in the serfdom or posad people in the tax yard were called “fairy tales”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

But fairy tales often did not reflect an objective picture, their compilers deliberately distorted the true state of affairs.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The draft population, of course, tried by all means to reduce the amount of taxes that were taxed on the basis of the results of the census.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

There were various ways to deceive scribes, and they were well known, listed in punishments to scribes, but this did not help much.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The easiest way that allowed “residential yards to write empty” was that posad people during the census simply went to their relatives or even left the city for a while, leaving the yard is empty.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

As for the nobles, in principle, of course, they could not help but support the conduct of censuses, but when it came to their own estates, the situation changed dramatically.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

To reduce the number of yards subject to tax, peasants “were transferred from many yards to one”, fenced two yards with one fence, and sometimes simply hid the yards from scribes.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Household censuses were extremely limited in the range of recorded features and did not have a certain form and uniform concepts not only for the account of the population, but also for property and economic status of a person.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

They lasted from one to 10 years, were sometimes produced by completely illiterate persons, accompanied by extortions and gave rise to mass concealments, distortions and flight from registration.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

This was joined by a systematic lack of scribe books and the absence of a single management center for the activities of scribes.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Population count under Peter I


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The census of 1710, conducted under Peter, bore the features of a household census, but its results, having revealed a catastrophic reduction in tax yards, put Peter in front of the fact of a possible sharp reduction government taxes.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The 1710 Census attempted to record both sexes.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

From census 1678 to census 1710, the number of subsidized farms decreased by 19.5%.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Peter rejected the results of the 1710 census and ordered to accept taxes on the books of 1678. At the same time, he ordered a new census, known as the “Landrat” (after the officials who were at the head of the province), during 1716 and 1717. Conducted in a number of provinces, this census showed a different process of movement, yards and population.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

If earlier, in order to reduce taxes, mass cases of formal unification of yards were noticed, the Landrat census proved this with a numerical characteristic: the process of reducing farms in the direction of increase and decrease was much slower than the process of changing the population.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The census itself predetermined a sharply negative attitude on the part of the population and even the most severe punishments for concealment did not give the government the desired results.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Many mistakes occurred due to the ignorance and negligence of scribes, as well as because of bribes to scribes for missed yards.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

On the other hand, for not giving a bribe, empty yards were recorded as residential, there were cases of passing entire villages or the same village was corresponded twice.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The fiscal purpose of the census and the abuse of scribes sometimes led to uprisings, for example, in 1678 in “Ukrainian” cities.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

On November 26, 1718, Peter the Great issued a decree ordering “to take fairy tales from everyone (give a term for a year), so that the truthful would bring how many male souls in which village...”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The lists compiled in this way (“fairy tales”) were collected only three years later, and then over the next three years were checked — “revisions”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Since then, population records in Russia have been referred to as “audits”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Before the abolition of serfdom, ten revisions took place: in 1719, 1747, 1767, 1787, 1808, 1811, 1825, 1835, 1850, 1859 (by year of graduation).


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

They gave very inaccurate information about the population, since they did not take into account the actual number of residents, but only the “registered” from the tax classes — people who were on the lists for paying tax.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

For the same reason, they lasted a very long time: the landowners were in no hurry to share with the state the labor of the filed population and delayed the submission of audit “fairy tales”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In 1722, 5 million souls were counted according to fairy tales.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Then they began to implement the 2nd paragraph of the decree on November 26, “to lay out troops on the ground”, to the schedule of heart-to-heart regiments that were supposed to support them.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Ten generals and colonels with a foreman were sent to 10 rewritten provinces by layouts.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The shelves were supposed to be placed on “eternal apartments” in private, special settlements, without placing them in peasant yards, to prevent quarrels between the owners and the guests.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The distributor was supposed to convene the nobles of his district and persuade them to build these settlements with company yards for officers and regimental for the headquarters.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

A new problem: the layers were ordered to pre-check the shower tales.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

It was a secondary revision of fairy tales, and she discovered a huge concealment of souls that reached half of the cash souls elsewhere.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Initially calculated by the fabulous figure of 5 million, it became impossible to be guided when deploying regiments heart to heart.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In 1722, it was ordered to write sons, grandchildren, nephews and other relatives who lived at churches, “priests, deacons, clerks and sexton who used to be and now at churches who did not serve at churches”, attaching them for nothing to the owners on whose lands those churches stood.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

And where the graveyards “stand”, not on the owner's land, such churchmen should be attributed to parishioners to whom they resemble - on what conditions, the decree does not explain.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Population registration under Catherine II


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In the sixties and seventies of the 18th century, serious changes took place in the economic, political and cultural life of Russia.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

During the reign of Catherine II (1762—1796), the time of “enlightened absolutism” came.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Catherine II carried out a number of reforms, abolishments and transformations, including statistics.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

It began to show features of an instrument of public knowledge.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

A new type of statistical work has appeared aimed at obtaining a variety of statistical data on the state of socio-economic life — the so-called cognitive statistics have emerged.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

At one of the meetings of the Senate, Ekaterina raised the question of the population of Russia, but the Senate men crumpled and did not give an answer.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The Queen exclaimed: “A great state cannot live without taking into account the population... This is how we will not have stable finances, because a penny comes from a person, and it returns to him. How can I, a weak woman, govern the state if even the Senate does not know how many loyal souls I have?”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

After that, Catherine ordered an audit.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

It turned out that the people do not like audits, they run away from sedentary places with children, cattle and belongings.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

And the people are fleeing, as explained to the queen, because military teams are first sent to the provinces to conduct an audit, which forcibly keep people on the ground, and only then officials run over and start census.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Catherine was made to understand that the people were fleeing because military teams and officials torment people with extortion and beatings... To this, the Queen said: “I would also run in their place!”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Catherine acted in a new way, tried not to intimidate the people with an audit, but to conduct explanatory work.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

I decided that it would be better to notify the authorities in the provinces and provinces through publications in order to collect written data on the cash number from each village without sending the military and without breeding fears residents.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The received registers should be sent to the offices of the voivode, the governors to the provincial offices, and the governors to the Senate, where gentlemen high senators will withdraw the general calculation.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

A fundamentally new approach has led to significant savings in audit costs, to the abandonment of the movement of troops, and most importantly, has shown the population that it is not necessary to flee from the audit at all.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

However, despite Catherine's noble intentions, the people were afraid of the census for a long time and did not trust her.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Population count in the second half of the 19th century


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Statistical work on the number and distribution of serfs in the provinces of European Russia was carried out as part of the preparation of the reform on the abolition of serfdom in 1861.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Back in 1858, a work by A. G. Troinitsky “On the Number of Serfs in Russia”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

But the book “Serf Population in Russia, According to the 10th People's Census”, published in 1861, became generalizing.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

This census was conducted by the Central Statistical Committee and was aimed at determining the current composition of the population and the proportion of serfs in it.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The census took place from 1857 to 1859.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Information on the serf population of the Caucasus was collected separately, since the census did not affect this region [1].


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, population counts began to be carried out in some cities and even entire provinces of the Russian Empire.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

They were intended to prepare for the first General Population Census, which was planned to be conducted on a scientific basis.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The audits practiced since Peter the Great's times gave very inaccurate information about the population and took into account only the “registered” ones from the tax classes.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The imperfection of these audit tales served, among other things, as the basis for the plot of Gogol's Dead Souls.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The issue of changing census methods was very acute at that time.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Meanwhile, most of the population censuses conducted at that time in individual cities and even entire provinces were state-owned police “population counts”, in which householders simply collected information on the number of residents not even living, but registered in their homes.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

At least 200 such local censuses have been conducted, but many of them have not been published, and some are unknown except the year of the census.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Later they move on to scientifically organized censuses, which were regularly conducted in Moscow (1871, 1882, 1902, 1912), St. Petersburg (1862, 1863, 1864, 1869, 1881, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1915) and other cities.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

On December 12, 1871, the first one-day population census was conducted in Moscow under the guidance of statistician M. A. Sablina.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In Moscow, it was decided to conduct the census after a successful attempt in St. Petersburg.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In June 1870, the Mayor of Moscow appealed to the Governor-General Prince V. A. Dolgorukov with a request to allocate 6,000 rubles in silver for conducting a one-day census.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The prince found the census useful, and the money was released.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

However, another 6,000 rubles were spent on the final development of the census.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

For the citywide event, a commission was organized, which included many high-ranking officials, including the Secretary of the Statistical Committee M. A. Sablin.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Together with the famous Zemstvo statistician V. AND. Orlov Sablin contributed to the establishment of a statistical department at the Moscow Law Society.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

This department served as a unifying center for Russian Zemstvo statistical work Census mechanism The first stage of the census was to collect information about houses - this was done by the police.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Their duties included delivering house sheet forms to homeowners and returning them to the Statistical Committees.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The compilation of lists of apartments should have greatly facilitated the rewriting of their residents.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

This work was carried out from the end of October and November, as this time was considered the most favorable.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The population census itself is scheduled for December.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Moscow was divided into 19 sites, and the main performer was assigned to each.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The census procedure itself took place without the participation of the police


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In the period from December 5 to December 12, the counters themselves brought and collected census forms, and entered into “intercourse” only with homeowners and their attorneys, and entered apartments only in case of extreme necessity.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In total, 997 counters were involved in the Moscow census of 1871, including: students - 759 people, officials - 152 people from the Land Survey Chancellery, the Control Chamber, the Duma, the Office of the General Governor and the State Chamber, 7 gymnasium students, 7 students of technical schools, 4 seminarians and 58 individuals.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

All scribes were given the strictest instructions, in which some excerpts are especially interesting: “Rewrite overnight shelters before those who spend the night in them disperse. Visit them, in order to avoid trouble, by all means with the police, but without introducing them into the rooms without special need (riot, scandals, etc.).”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Paragraph 4 stated: “The meter is required to be very helpful to the people it will contact on census matters; at the first hint that it is not possible to add to the headings on the sheet , the meter must offer its services, if there is a clear reluctance to enter the required information, the meter insists on doing so in the most polite way.”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Paragraph 5 read: “The meter does not enter the apartment unless it is particularly necessary.”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Paragraph 9 provided: “Each counter is stocked with two pencils: ordinary and blue (or red).”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Here is what information was obtained during the first Moscow population census.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

First of all, it is obvious that Moscow in 1871 was a city of grooms, not brides.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

There were 354,000 men and 248,000 women.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

There were 71 females per 100 males, or 2/3 of females for each male.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

This ratio, according to Sablin, spoke about the attractiveness of Moscow “as an industrial, trade and mental center”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The Mother See attracted workers from nearby regions, merchants and young people flocked here for training.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

At that time, Moscow occupied an area of 60 versts, and the spread of the population throughout the city was heterogeneous.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Prechistensky districts (105 women) and Arbatsky (100 women) accounted for the highest number of women per 100 men.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

And this was due to the fact that these areas lived the so-called “net population”, that is, the family population.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

However, in the Sretenskaya part, there was also a high percentage of young female population aged 20-25 — 96 women per hundred men — but the reasons for this “crowding” are different.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The fact is that women's workshops and brothels were located in the alleys of this area.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Only 66 women per 100 men were in Yakimansky and Pyatnitsky districts, and this was explained by the fact that the merchants had a very large number of clerks and merchant servants (artel workers, workers, carters of goods and others).


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Most of all, the outskirts of the city — Rogozhsky, Khamovnichesky, Serpukhovsky, Lefortovsky districts — shelters for employees and factory workers were deprived of the female population.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

However, in the center — the Kremlin and China — it also turned out to be sparse with women — only 37 per 100 men — and all because visitors and artisans lived here.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

As for the child population, it is insignificant, especially female, since by the age of 10-15 boys were brought to Moscow to study in schools, handicrafts and factories.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The female population was not taken to the capital to study.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Only wealthy girls received home and boarding education.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

However, after 25 years, the male population decreased, which was explained by the high mortality rate and recruitment duty.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The population of Moscow is mostly Orthodox.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Meanwhile, there were more non-Orthodox women than men.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The layout is as follows.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Raskolnikov: men — 2.1%, women — 3.7%; Protestants 1.8% and 2.4%; Catholics — 1.42% and 0.92%; Jews — 0.86% and 0.9%.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Mohammedan is 0.26% registered in Moscow, and Armenian Gregorian 0.15%.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Widows accounted for 17.69% of the total female population, while widowers accounted for only 3.3%.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Interestingly, there were 4 divorced men and 23 women.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

This advantage of divorces does not at all indicate the process of emancipation that is beginning.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

It's just that a significant part of single women came to Moscow to earn money, because in a big city it was easier to feed themselves and their children.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In addition, there was a high mortality rate of the male population.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

And it should be noted that remarriages among men were more popular than among women.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

54.1% of men and 37.9% of women were literate.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The peasant population in Moscow was 52.8% of men and 29.85% of women.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

3.93% of men called themselves merchants, and 5.3% as merchants.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The military population accounted for 10.3% of the total population of the city.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Petersburg censuses


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

According to the census, 2,000 Tatars lived in St. Petersburg in 1869.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

At the census of the population of St. Petersburg in 1910, there were about 3,000 Swedes, but when the First World War began, the Swedish parish of St. Catherine in the Russian capital already numbered about 6,000 Swedes, and Tatars by that time there were 7,300 people in St. Petersburg.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

According to the census of 1910 in St. Petersburg, the surname Sokolov ranked seventh in terms of frequency of occurrence, and of all the surnames formed from non-canonical names, it was second only to Smirnov.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Vladivostok Population Census


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

On August 13, 1897, another population census ended in Vladivostok, which took place every 10 years in that century.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

According to the 1897 census, the population of the city was 28,896, of which 24,361 were men and 4,535 were women.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

These figures indicate the frenzied popularity of brides in Vladivostok, who therefore had the opportunity to make great parties for themselves.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Ufa Province Population Census


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In 1865, the vast territory of the Orenburg province was divided into two independent provinces: Orenburg and Ufa.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In 1864, N. A. Gurvich.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Created in 1865, the new Ufa province needed, first of all, study and description, and therefore the Provincial Statistical Committee under the leadership of N. A. Gurvich carried out active statistical and publishing activities in 1860-1880.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Before the first General Census of the Russian Empire (1897), three population censuses (1864, 1879, 1886) were organized in the Ufa province and in the city of Ufa, which were called “One-day calculation in the Ufa province”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

According to the program (gender, age, nationality, religion, class, literacy, education), methodological guidelines and organization, these censuses met all the requirements of statistical science of that time.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The results of the 1864 census for the Ufa province were published in 1868 in the book “Collection of Statistical, Historical and Archaeological Information on the Former Orenburg and Present Ufa Provinces”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The results of the second census (1879) were published in 1883 in the “Reference Book of the Ufa Province”.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The results of the third census were published in the Ufa Anniversary Collection in Memory of the 300th Anniversary of the City of Ufa.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Source: Statistics of the Republic of Bashkortostan: Historical Collection.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

/State Committee of the Republic of Bashkortostan on Statistics.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

— Ufa, Copying and Duplication Department of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Belarus, 2003 — 152 p.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Population censuses in some provinces


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

For example, the census of populated places in the Pskov province of 1872-78 provides data on the Holy Mountains (Svyatogorsky Monastery) and the Tobolenets settlement: “In the Holy Mountains there is a monastery, two Orthodox churches, courtyards — 4, males — 15, no female. There is a water mill, and fairs are held twice a year.”


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In some provinces (Astrakhan — in 1873, Akmola — in 1877, Pskov — in 1870 and 1887, and others), residents in all cities were copied.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In 1863 and 1881, the population of the entire Courland was rewritten, and in 1881 - also Livonia and Estland provinces.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

At least 200 such local censuses have been conducted, but many of them have not been published, and some are unknown except the year of the census.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Sakhalin population censuses


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The population counts on Sakhalin did not always coincide in terms with the country's censuses.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

This is due to the geographical location of the islands, their historical development and the peculiarities of the economy.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Hard labor created a gloomy glory for Sakhalin (in the second half of the 19th century, exiles began to be sent here).


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

In the 1890s, an attempt to rewrite the population of Sakhalin, on his own initiative, was made by the great Russian writer A. P. Chekhov.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The figures of that census show that the population on the island is 28,113 souls, including 7,641 women.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

The population density was about one person per two square versts.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

There were 12,000 peasants on the territory of three districts.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Including “persons who do not belong to these classes”, there are 4,979 hard labor exiles, 8,934 exiled settlers, and 1,566 settlers from convicts.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

This census did not cover the entire population.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Not trusting her, residents went to the taiga in whole villages.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Sakhalin received the status of a territory free for free settlement only in 1908.


Question: When did the first population census in Russia take place?

Population censuses in Russia

Ainu Census