Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Spartak Akhmetov (1992—2007);


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Ilgiz Sharipov (2007—2009);


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Vakhit Abdrakhimov (2009—2010);


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Alexey Izotov (2010 [9] -2016).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Vladimir Kulikov (2016 to present) [10]


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Yuri Ivanovich Nikiforov is the Chairman of the Council.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Education


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The city currently has 57 preschool institutions, 33 schools, six gymnasiums, three lyceums, eight vocational schools, six technical schools, colleges of SKSEIP, STK, College of the Federation Council of BashSU, Bashkir College of Economics and Law (branch in St. Sterlitamak), as well as Sterlitamak State Pedagogical Academy (since February 9, 2012 as part of the Federation Council of the BSU), branches of the Ufa State Oil Technical University, the Bashstate University, Ural State University of Physical Culture (Sterlitamak Institute of Physical Culture), Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Modern Humanitarian Academy (SGA), Sterlitamak Institute of the Eastern Academy of Economics and Law for the Humanities (VEGU Academy), Sterlitamak Medical College (QMS) and other educational institutions.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Healthcare


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

There are 12 hospitals in the city, which account for 2,700 hospital beds, as well as 18 outpatient clinics.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Culture


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The city has the Sterlitamak Museum of History and Local Lore, the Art Gallery of the Bashkir State Art Museum named after M.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

M. IN. Nesterov, “Theatrical Association of St. Sterlitamak” (which includes: the State Russian Drama Theater, Sterlitamak Bashkir Drama Theater, Sterlitamak Dance Theater), the Benefis Studio Theater, the City Philharmonic.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

There are 3 cinemas (the Salavat cinema complex with 2 cinemas, the Mirage cinema complex with 6 halls, the Kinoport cinema complex with 7 halls), 5 palaces and houses of culture, the Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren named after A.  P. Gaidar.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The city TV and radio company broadcasts.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Monuments, squares and parks of the city:


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Monument to the Unknown Soldier (Sterlitamak)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Monument to Soldiers-Internationalists (Sterlitamak)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Monument at the 5th Verst of the Ufa Highway (place of execution of members of Sterlitamak VRK in 1918)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Gagarin Park (Sterlitamak)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Victory Park (Sterlitamak)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Square im.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Marshal G. K. Zhukova


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Kirov Park (Sterlitamak)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Lenin Monument (Sterlitamak, Lenin Avenue)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Lenin Monument (Sterlitamak, Gorky Garden)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Liberation Monument


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Victory Square


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The central square of Sterlitamak is Victory Square with the Eternal Flame memorial complex located on it.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The Square and the Monument are the venue for city celebrations related to the Great Patriotic War, every Victory Day at the foot of the monument, a concert for veterans is held on the square, flowers to the Fire.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The memorial is also one of the favorite places to visit by newlyweds — they take pictures against the background of a soldier and go for a walk to Victory Park, located behind the monument.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Infrastructure


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak is a developed industrial city with a full-fledged infrastructure and an established transport system.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Construction is moving at a rapid pace, new microdistricts (South-West, Solnechny, military-technical cooperation) are expanding.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The western district of the city is being built, in particular the Solnechny, Lazurny, Zapadny microdistricts


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Road network


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

75-78 thousand cars are registered in Sterlitamak (2012), so much attention is paid to the condition of roads in the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The main streets of the city are:


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Lenin Avenue — from the Ufa tract to the Eternal Flame;


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Khudaiberdin Street — from the Raevsky tract (bus station) to the Ashkadar River;


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Mira Street — connects the military-technical cooperation area with the city center;


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Kommunisticheskaya Street, Artyom Street, Oktyabrya Avenue - connect the South-West, Solnechny, Hospital Town districts with the city center;


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Secondary streets:


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Druzhby Street — parallel to Lenin Avenue.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Elevatornaya Street is also parallel to Lenin Avenue.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

23 May Street is a short way between Uralsky microdistrict, the city center and Gogol Street (military-technical cooperation district).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Due to the fact that in fact the only streets connecting the west and east of the city are Khudayberdin and Chernomorskaya streets, the load on these streets has increased greatly in recent years.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Every day, at the intersections from these streets, the flow of cars stretches for a kilometer or more (especially at the intersections: Elevatornaya Street and ul. Khudaiberdin Str. Khudaiberdin and Vokzalnaya St., land crossing through the railway tracks to the street. Saltykov-Shchedrin).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Therefore, it was decided to build a southern bypass road, which, firstly, will relieve the load on ul. Khudaiberdin and, secondly, will improve the environmental situation in the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

But the already approved project was frozen due to lack of funds (only the main span of the bridge across the Sterlya River was built).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

At the moment, a new project has been approved for the construction of this road, which turned out to be 6 times cheaper than the previous one.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The two-lane road was built and opened in spring 2011.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

From the west, the city is surrounded by a bypass road, which serves to pass transit vehicles moving along the Ufa-Orenburg highway, bypassing the cities of Sterlitamak, Ishimbay and Salavat.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Economics


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Industry


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The economic potential of the city is largely determined by large chemical and petrochemical enterprises.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In 2008, chemists and petrochemists sent marketable products worth 37 billion 340 million rubles.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In 2008, Soda shipped products worth 13 billion 788 million rubles.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Caustic Joint-Stock Company shipped products worth 10 billion 344 million rubles (on April 1, 2013, Soda OJSC and Caustic OJSC, as well as Bereznikovskaya Soda Company were merged into one enterprise Bashkir Soda Company OJSC).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak Petrochemical Plant shipped products worth 3 billion 868 million rubles to consumers.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

SNKhZ remains the only supplier of phenolic antioxidants in Russia for the production of rubbers, and continues to develop the production of stabilizers of the Agidol series.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The machine-building and machine-tool industries of production in the city are represented by large joint-stock companies: Sterlitamak Machine-Tool Plant (now NPO Machine-Tool Building LLC), Krasny proletarian”, “Car Repair Plant”, “Stroymash Plant”, “Concern Inmash” (to date this enterprise has been liquidated), as well as numerous trade and manufacturing enterprises (Stankomontazh) .


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In addition, powerful enterprises of the construction industry and building materials operate in the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Within 6 months, Stroitel'nye Materialy Company shipped cement, clinker and other products worth 2 billion rubles.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

At the same time, for the first time in 14 years, soda managed to achieve a cement production volume of more than 1 million tons.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

(Stroitel'nye Materialy OJSC is an independent enterprise, they have nothing to do with Soda OJSC).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

There are construction companies, the largest of which is Sterlitamakstroy OJSC.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The food industry is widely represented: Sterlitamak Distillery - a branch of Bashspirt OJSC, Shikhan Brewery (now a branch of Heineken), Sterlitamak Bakery, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2009, there are also 2 large dairy plants and 4 sausage factories on the territory of the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The industrial sector of the city produced and shipped products worth 43.2 billion rubles, the industrial production index amounted to 85.7%.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The Chinese company Triangle plans to build a tire plant with a capacity of more than 4 million tires per year.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The volume of investments in the project will amount to about 250 million euros at the first stage [11].


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Transportation


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Highways [12] pass near Sterlitamak:


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Ufa-Orenburg.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The entrance to the city. Sterlitamak — from Ufa — Orenburg road (Ufa Highway).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Magnitogorsk.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Salavat (Orenburgsky Trakt).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Krasnousolsky.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Rayevsky (Rayevsky tract).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Sterlibashevo (Sterlibashevsky tract).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Trolleybus


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The main public transport in Sterlitamak is a trolleybus.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Every day, 100-110 cars from 1 trolleybus depot go to 18 main and 3 additional routes to transport passengers, carrying more than 100 thousand citizens daily, which is about 50% public transport.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

It has become a tradition for Sterlitamak to conduct trolleybus routes to areas of new buildings, which explains the great popularity of the trolleybus in the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Most of the trolleybuses were produced at the Bashkir Trolleybus Plant [13].


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

From October 2, 2017, the fare is 15 rubles, and you can purchase a transport card to get a discount.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Bus


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

There is also a bus service in the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The main routes run along the main streets of the city and for the most part repeat trolleybus routes, but are inferior in terms of traffic interval.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak by 2006 refused to use PAZ buses, and transportation is carried out by Sterlitamak Passenger Motor Transport Enterprise (SUE Bashavtotrans) on NefAZ buses with a reduced landing.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Other types of public transport


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

There are minibuses in the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The number of minibuses is constantly increasing.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

About 20 private taxi networks carry passengers on cars of domestic and foreign production.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Rail transport


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The city has a non-electrified railway of the Ufa-Orenburg section of the Bashkir region of the Kuibyshev Railway.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The main drawback of railway transport in this direction is the very low speed (the road to Ufa will take about 3-4 hours, for buses it will take 1.5 hours).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Trains pass through Sterlitamak station:


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Ufa — Sterlitamak — Tashkent,


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Ufa (rail bus).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Intercity bus


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Intercity bus service is provided from the bus station and the central market (former Kolkhoz Market).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The main routes departing from the bus station are:


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Ufa airport — Ufa


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Orenburg


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Yekaterinburg


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Oktiabrsky


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Meleuz


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Raevka


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Naberezhnye Chelny


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Izhevsk


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Kazan pass


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The main routes departing from the Central Market are:


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Ishimbay


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak — Salavat


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Airport


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

There is a defunct airport to the south-west of the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

It is located 15 kilometers from the center or 7 kilometers from the bypass road.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Ecology and urban improvement


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In the 1970s, due to the deterioration of the environmental situation, projects for landscaping the city appeared in Sterlitamak's development plans.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

By 2007, the number of birch increased by 350%, and in the 1990s, mass planting of pyramidal poplars was carried out.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak is implementing a federal program for reforming housing and communal services.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In 2007, the Federal Agency for Construction, Housing and Utilities, following the results of the All-Russian competition for the title “The Most Comfortable City in Russia”, Sterlitamak was awarded first place among cities with a population of up to million people [14].


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sterlitamak is considered one of the greenest and cleanest cities not only in the republic, but also in Russia.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The appearance of Sterlitamak is traditionally paid attention to both the city administration and all utilities.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In the competition for the title “The Most Comfortable City in Russia” Sterlitamak took second place among cities with a population of more than 100,000 people three times — following the results of 1997, 2002 and 2005.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

And according to the results of 2006 and 2012. Sterlitamak became the winner of this prestigious competition, twice becoming the “golden” city of Russia.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

As part of the republican competition for the title “The Most Comfortable Urban (Rural) Settlement of the Republic of Bashkortostan” among municipalities of the 1st category, Sterlitamak took first place.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

For 15 years, Sterlitamak has moved from the list of the most polluted cities to the list of the cleanest and greenest cities in Russia.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

One of the reasons for the improvement of the environmental situation and landscaping was the strategy of the city administration in relation to the main industrial enterprises: each of the 17 largest plants was “attached” the microdistrict of the city that they are supposed to serve.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In 2009, Sterlitamak Park Management Municipal Unitary Enterprise won first place in the Russian Crystal Wheel 2009 competition among parks in Russia and the CIS countries in the nomination “The Best Amusement Park with the number of visitors is from 100,000 to 250,000 people per year.”


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In 2012, Sterlitamak took 24th place in the list of the most polluted cities in Russia.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The data was published by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation in the report “On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2012".


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In 2013, following the results of the All-Russian contest “The Most Comfortable City in Russia”, Sterlitamak was again awarded first place among cities with a population of up to a million people.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Sports


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Since the middle of the last century, motorsport, in particular speedway and ice racing, has gained immense popularity in the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In the 1990s, in the absence of funding, the city team ceased to participate in the championship of Russia and other official competitions.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In 2002, motorsport was reborn in the city, and the team still participates in the Russian Super League in the top three in ice racing.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Since 2007, the club's athletes have been participating in the world and European championships in motorcycle racing on ice (Kononov I. A., Arkhipov S. A., Samorodov A. A., Chapalo V. C.)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Until 2007, the city operated a professional football club Sodovik [15], which took part in the first division of the Russian Football Championship.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Funding for the club was terminated after the change of management of OJSC Soda, the sponsor of PFC Sodovik.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

By the beginning of 2008, the children's football school was closed, and the organization PFC Sodovik was being liquidated.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In 2000, floorball appeared in the city.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The women's team of the city “Shihan”, consisting mainly of students of STFK, twice became the bronze medalist of Russia, the team had 5 masters of sports, the rest had the title of CMS.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

However, without the support of the government, the team collapsed in 2005 and now there is no floorball in the republic, although there are enthusiasts who are trying to revive this sport.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

There is also a football club “Caustic-Sportacademia” in the city, which plays in the Cup of the Republic of Belarus.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

A pupil of Sterlitamak Youth Sports School No. 2 and coach A. AND. Ishmurzina Ilyas Akhmetshin became twice a master of sports of Russia in 2012: in polyathlon and skiing.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Of the major sports facilities in Sterlitamak, there are currently three stadiums: the city stadium, the Sodovik stadium, the Sportacademia stadium and two swimming pools (with a track length of 25 meters).


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

On December 28, 2012, the Sterlitamak Arena sports complex was opened [16], and about 4,000 people visited it during the first 10 days of its operation [17].


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

In 2013, the Orlan hockey club was founded on the basis of Sterlitamak Arena.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Today, Orlan Hockey Club is a hockey department at UIA SSHOR of the city district of Sterlitamak.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

This is the only specialized children's youth ice hockey school in Sterlitamak today.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The goal of HC Orlan is to train highly qualified hockey players for the youth and junior teams of the republic and Russia, and in the near future for the teams of the MHL, VHL, KHL.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Despite the young age of the club (the opening took place on February 11, 2013), students of the children's sports school successfully perform at republican, national and international competitions, having established itself as a worthy opponent.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Mass media


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Tv


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

4 Channel One


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

6 Home


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

27 NTV


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

41 STS


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

46 The first multiplex of digital television in Russia


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Broadcast


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

95.2 Radio Record (Salavat)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

97.4 DFM (Salavat)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

98.1 Hit Navigator (Ishimbay)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

98.7 Humor FM (plan) (Salavat);


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

99.3 Radio Dacha (plan) (Salavat);


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

100.4 Radio Komsomolskaya Pravda;


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

100.9 Europe Plus


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

101.4 Autoradio


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

101.9 Satellite FM


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

102.9 Radio Rossii (Salavat)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

103.3 M Radio (Salavat)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

103.8 Yuldash


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

104.3 Russkoe radio


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

104.8 Retro FM (Ufa)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

105.8 Road Radio (Salavat)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

106.2 Radio Shanson (Salavat)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

106.7 Radio Mayak


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

107.7 RADIO ENERGY (NRJ) (Salavat)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

TV and radio frequencies largely coincide with the nearby cities of Ishimbay and Salavat.


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Print publications


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

The oldest printed publication Sterlitamak Rabochiy [18]


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Notes


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

References


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Category:Cities on Belaya (tributary of the Kama River)


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Category:District centers of Bashkortostan


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Category:Capitals of Bashkiria


Question: On the bank of which river is Sterlitamak located?

Sterlitamak

Category:Urban districts of Bashkortostan


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

A wind farm consists of several wind turbines assembled in one or more places and connected into a single network.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Large wind farms can consist of 100 or more wind turbines.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Wind farms are sometimes referred to as “wind farms” (from English: Wind farm).


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Planning


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Wind speed research


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Wind farms are built in places with a high average wind speed of 4.5 m/s and above.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Ground potential is preliminary investigated.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Anemometers are installed at an altitude of 30 to 100 meters, and within one to two years they collect information about the speed and direction of the wind.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The data obtained can be combined into maps of wind energy availability.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Such maps (and special software) allow potential investors to assess the payback rate of the project.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Ordinary weather information is not suitable for the construction of wind farms, as this information on wind speeds was collected at ground level (up to 10 meters) and within cities, or in airports.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In many countries, wind maps for wind energy are created by government agencies, or with state assistance.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

For example, in Canada, the Department of Development and Natural Resources created the Wind Atlas of Canada and WEST (Wind Energy Simulation Toolkit), a computer model that allows plant planning wind turbines anywhere in Canada.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In 2005, the United Nations Development Programme created a wind map for 19 developing countries.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Height


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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The wind speed increases with altitude.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Therefore, wind farms are built on the tops of hills or hills, and generators are installed on towers 30-60 meters high.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Objects that can affect the wind are taken into account: trees, large buildings, etc.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Ecological effect


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

During the construction of wind farms, the impact of wind turbines on the environment is taken into account.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Laws in the UK, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark limit the noise level from an operating wind farm to 45 dB during the day and 35 dB at night.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The minimum distance from the installation to residential buildings is 300 m.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Modern wind farms stop working during the seasonal flight of birds.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Types of wind farms


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Overland


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Mini|200pcs|left|Onshore wind farm near Ainazi, Latvia.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The most common type of wind power plants at present.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Wind turbines are installed on hills or hills.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

An industrial wind turbine is built on a prepared site in 7—10 days.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

It can take a year or more to obtain regulatory approvals for the construction of a wind farm.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Construction requires a road to the construction site, heavy lifting equipment with a boom extension of more than 50 meters, since the gondolas are installed at an altitude of about 50 meters.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The power plant is connected by a cable to the transmitting electrical network.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The largest wind farm at the moment is the Alta Power Plant, located in California, USA.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The total capacity is 1550 MW.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Coastal


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Coastal wind farms are being built at a short distance from the seashore or ocean.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

On the coast, a breeze blows at daily intervals, which is caused by uneven heating of the land surface and reservoir.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The daytime, or sea breeze, moves from the water surface to land, and the night or coastal breeze moves from the cooled coast to the reservoir.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Offshore


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Offshore wind farms are being built at sea: 10—60 kilometers from the coast.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Offshore wind farms have a number of advantages:


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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they are practically not visible from the shore;


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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they do not occupy land;


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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they are more effective due to regular sea winds.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Offshore power plants are being built on areas of the sea with shallow depths.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Wind turbine towers are installed on foundations made of piles driven to a depth of 30 meters.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Electricity is transmitted to the ground via submarine cables.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Offshore power plants are more expensive to build than their land-based counterparts.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Generators require taller towers and more massive foundations.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Salty seawater can corrode metal structures.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

At the end of 2008, the total capacity of offshore power plants around the world amounted to 1,471 MW.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In 2008, 357 MW of offshore capacity was built around the world.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The largest offshore station in 2009 was the Middelgrunden power plant (Denmark) with an installed capacity of 40 MW [2].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In 2013, London Array (UK) became the largest with an installed capacity of 630 MW [3].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

On September 6, 2018, the Walney Extension offshore wind farm was put into operation 19 km off the coast of Great Britain in the Irish Sea in the north-west of England.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The total capacity of its wind turbines is 659 MW [4].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In 2020, it is planned to complete the construction of East Anglia One wind farms with a capacity of 714 MW and Hornsea Project One with a capacity of 1.2 GW, in 2022 - Hornsea Project Two power plants with a capacity 1.4 GW [5].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Self-lifting vessels are used for the construction and maintenance of such power plants.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Floating


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The first prototype of a floating wind turbine was built by the company in December 2007.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The 80 kW wind turbine is installed on a floating platform 10.6 nautical miles off the coast of Southern Italy on a 108-meter deep section of the sea.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The Norwegian company StatoilHydro has developed floating wind turbines for offshore stations of great depth.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

StatoilHydro built a 2.3 MW demo in September 2009 [6].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

A turbine called Hywind weighs 5,300 tons at an altitude of 65 meters.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

It is located 10 kilometers from Karmoy Island, not far from the south-western coast of Norway.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The steel tower of this wind turbine goes under water to a depth of 100 meters.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The tower rises 65 meters above the water.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The rotor diameter is 82.4 m. To stabilize the wind turbine tower and immerse it to a predetermined depth, ballast (gravel and stones) is placed in its lower part.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

At the same time, three cables with anchors attached to the bottom keep the tower from drifting.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Electricity is transferred ashore via an underwater cable.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In 2017, the company increased the turbine capacity to 6 MW, and the rotor diameter to 154 meters [7].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Soaring


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Soaring wind turbines are called wind turbines placed high above the ground to use a stronger and more persistent wind [8].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The concept was developed in the 1930s in the USSR by engineer Egorov [9].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The current record holder is the Altaeros Floating Wind Turbine (Altaeros Buoyant Airborne Turbine (BAT)), which will be installed at an altitude of 1000 feet (304.8 m) above the ground.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

This industrial-scale pilot will be 275 feet higher than the current record holder, the Vestas V164-8.0-MW.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The latter recently installed its prototype at the Danish National Test Center for Large Wind Turbines in Osterild.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The Vestas axis is 460 feet (140 meters) high, the turbine blades are more than 720 feet (220 meters) high.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Altaeros has a turbine power of 30 kW.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

this is enough to provide energy to 12 houses.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Altaeros uses a non-flammable inflatable shell filled with helium to rise to this height.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

High-strength ropes serve as a conductor for the energy produced.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Gornaya


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The first mining wind farm in the post-Soviet space with a capacity of 1.5 MW was launched at the Korday Pass in the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan in 2011 [10].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The height of the site is 1200 meters above sea level.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The average annual wind speed is 5.9 m/s.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In 2014, the number of Vista International wind turbines with a capacity of 1.0 MW each at the Korday Wind Farm was increased to 9 units with a design capacity of 21 MW [11].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In the future, it is planned to commission Zhanatas (400 MW) and Shokparskaya (200 MW) wind farms.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In February 2015, Staryi Sambir 1, the first mountain wind farm in Western Ukraine, with a capacity of 13.2 MW, was put into operation in the Eastern Carpathians near the town of Stary Sambir.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The total capacity is 79.2 MW.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

It is represented by Danish-made VESTAS V-112 wind turbines with a rated capacity of 6.6 MW [12].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The height of the site is 500-600 m above sea level, the average annual wind speed is 6.3 m/s [13].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Wind farm panoramas


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

WPPs in Russia


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In 2018, the total capacity of wind farms in the country was 134 MW [14].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The Crimean Energy System has the largest wind power complex.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The largest power plant, the Ulyanovsk WPP, is located in the Ulyanovsk Region and has a capacity of 35 MW.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The Zelenograd wind turbine, located near the village of Kulikovo, Zelenograd District, Kaliningrad Region, had a total capacity of 5.1 MW.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

It consisted of a wind turbine of the Danish company SEA Energy Service A.S. (1 new with a capacity of 600 kW and 20 spent 8 years in Denmark with a capacity of 225 kW each).


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

It was operated for 20 years, and in 2018, the Ushakovskaya WPP (6.9 MW) was commissioned instead.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

mini|300pcs|Zelenograd wind turbine


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The capacity of the Anadyr WPP is 2.5 MW.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The capacity of the Tyupkildy wind farm (Bashkortostan) is 2.2 MW.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

The Zapolyarnaya WPP, located near the city of Vorkuta in Komi, has a capacity of 1.5 MW and was built in 1993.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

It consists of six AVE-250 units of Russian-Ukrainian production with a capacity of 250 kW each.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

An experimental demonstration wind turbine with a capacity of 250 kW is being built near Murmansk [15].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

In May 2014, the first wind farm in the Murmansk Region was opened in the village of Pyalitsa.


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Also, until 2016, it is planned to further introduce wind farms in Lovozersky and Tersky districts of the region [16].


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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See also


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Wind power


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Wind turbine


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

List of wind farms in Russia


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

Green tariff


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Notes


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Literature


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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References


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

Wind farm

membrana magazine:


Question: How many wind farms are there in Russia as of May 2019?

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Category:Wind farms


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali und Nino (German: Ali und Nino) is a popular novel, presumably authored by Kurban Said, about the love of two Bakuvians: Azerbaijani Muslim Ali Khan Shirvanshir and Georgian Christian Nino Kipiani.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel takes place in the Caucasus and Iran against the background of the events of the First World War.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The book is a search for ways to reconcile the contradictory principles — Islam and Christianity, East and West, man and woman.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Most of the events of the novel take place in the Old City of Baku (Icheri Sheher) and near it at the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The book tells about the love of Ali and Nino, with “excursions” to the mountain villages of Dagestan, Shusha, Tiflis and Persia.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

It describes in detail Baku at the beginning of the 20th century and the life of Baku residents in those years against the background of such events as the world war, the revolution, the civil war and the March events of 1918, the arrival of the British in Baku, their departure, the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the capture of Baku by Bolshevik units, the Sovietization of Azerbaijan and the suppression of pockets of national resistance.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was first published in German in 1937 in Vienna, Austria.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel, the author of which is still unknown, has been published more than 100 times in 33 languages of the world [1].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

A year later, Kurban Said published the novel “The Girl from the Golden Horn”, the second and last novel by Kurban Said.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali and Nino, being a bestseller in 1937, is still read today [2] and has been considered a classic of Azerbaijani literature in recent years.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Novel story


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

It is believed that in 1935, an unknown person left the manuscript in German at the Vienna-based publishing house E.P. Tal & Co/Verlag and disappeared [4].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The author was a certain Kurban Said.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

It is also believed that the agreement on the publication of the novel was signed in 1937 between the publisher Thal and the Austrian Baroness Elfrida Ehrenfels von Bodmershof [3].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was published in Vienna in 1937.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Later in 1938, the novel was published in Warsaw in Polish and in Amsterdam in Dutch, in Swedish in the same year, and in 1939 in Prague in Czech.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1944, the novel was published in Italian, but the author was not Kurban Said, but Essad Bey.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

After World War II, the book was forgotten until in 1969, Berlin artist Zhenya Graman found the old edition from a street bookseller and “broke through” a reprint in the United States, translating it into English language.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1970, the novel was published in English in New York, London and Beirut (in Arabic).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1971, the novel was published in Istanbul in Turkish.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the same year, Majid Musazadeh prepared a translation of the novel's script into Azerbaijani and sent it to Radio Liberty.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the 1970s, the novel was also published in Amsterdam (1974), Canada (1972), Paris (1973), Bern (1973), Munich (1973), Tokyo (1974), Oslo (1972), Barcelona (1973) and Stockholm (1973).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the 80s, the novel was published in Amsterdam (1981), Frankfurt (1981), Tehran (1983), Bern (1989).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1990, the novel was first published in the Azerbaijani language in the art and literary magazine “Azerbaijan”.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1993, the novel was published for the second time in Baku in Azerbaijani.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1994, in Baku, in the Literaturny Azerbaijan magazine, a novel translated by Mirza Huseynzade was first published in Russian.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the 1990s, the novel was also published in Amsterdam (1991), Lahore (1993), New York (1990 and 1996), London (1990), Munich (1992 and 1994), Tehran (1992) and Dhaka (1995).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the 21st century, the geography of the novel's publications is expanding


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

From 2000 to 2010, the book is published in 37 cities around the world, including Moscow, Beijing, Jakarta, Lisbon, Tel Aviv, etc.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The problem of authorship


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The author of the novel is still unknown.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The manuscript of the novel itself mysteriously disappeared shortly before its publication, and disputes about the authorship of the novel are still ongoing.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Some researchers believe that the pseudonym Kurban Said hides the Azerbaijani writer, publicist and historian Yusif Chemenzeminli, whose biography is similar to the biography of the main character of Ali Khan's novel (studying at Baku real school, living in Shusha, etc.).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Others believe that the author of the work is Lev Nussimbaum, a German writer and journalist, the son of Baku oil tycoon Avram Nussimbaum, which can be proved by the presence of inaccuracies in the novel that are not an Azerbaijani author could admit it, but a person who only outwardly joined Azerbaijan could admit it [4].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

It is believed that Nussimbaum wrote under the pseudonym “Essad Bay”, and in one of the editions of the novel (1944, in Italian), the author listed M. Essad Bay.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

According to the third version, Ali and Nino was written by Baroness Elfrida Ehrenfels von Bodmershof, wife of Baron Omar-Rolf von Ehrenfels.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the German book catalog “Deutscher Gesamtcatalog” of 1935—1939, “the pseudonym Ehrenfels, f. Bodmershof, Elfrids, Baroness.”


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Baroness's niece Lila Ehrenfels, who lives in Vienna, states that she is the copyright holder of Ali and Nino as the legal successor of the Baroness [3].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

There is another version that claims that the pseudonym “Kurban Said”, as well as the authorship of the novel, belongs to a certain Muhammad al-Assad bey, who emigrated to the West after the Bolshevik Revolution.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Yusif Chemenzeminli


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Some researchers believe that the author of the novel, which he wrote under the pseudonym “Kurban Said”, was Yusif Chemenzeminli.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

This opinion is shared by Azerbaijan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Baku, the novel was even published with the indication of Chemenzeminli as an author.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Frida Anatolyevna Lurie, consultant on American literature of the foreign commission of the Writers' Union of the USSR, also considered Chemenzeminli the author of the novel


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Yusif Chemenzeminli is connected with Kurban Said by the fact that Chemenzeminli himself was a seid.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

As for the name “Gurban”, Chemenzeminli wrote a short story called “Gurban” [5].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In addition, he called himself “Gurban” in correspondence with the Soviet authorities of Azerbaijan in 1925, when he asked permission to return to his homeland from Europe, where he was appointed as a diplomat representing government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, which was in opposition to the Bolsheviks.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The main character of the novel was also an ADR ambassador.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In addition, Chemenzeminli's children studied at the same gymnasium as Nino [6].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

During his literary career, Yusif Chemenzeminli used at least 15 different pseudonyms, starting in 1904, when he was still a high school student.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Aliases included Badbakht (Loser One), Hugg Tarafdara (Defender of Truth), Mousavi (Equality), Sarsam (Madman), Suffering, and Spectator.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Among the pseudonyms is the name Ali (the name of the main character of the novel).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In addition, the name “Ali” appeared in every work of the writer.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The writer's son Orkhan Vezirov said that there was a tendency in Yusif Vezir's work when the names of the characters passed from one work to another.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Orkhan Vezirov claims that his father loved Ali's name, so he even wrote a postcard to the family signed “your Ali” [7].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Lev Nussimbaum


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

One of the possible authors of the novel is considered to be a German writer and journalist who converted to Islam, the son of Baku oil tycoon Lev Nussimbaum, who, like the main character of the novel Ali Khan, spent his childhood in Baku and studied at the Baku Gymnasium.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 2005, the London publishing house Random House/Vintage Books published a book by American journalist Tom Rice, “The Orientalist”, in which he cites the results of his investigation, including, he received a Nussimbaum manuscript of an autobiographical novel, signed “Kurban Said”.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Tom Rice concludes that Kurban Said is the pseudonym of Lev Nussimbaum [2] [8] [9].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Under the photo of six-year-old Nussimbaum, standing in Caucasian vestments printed in the New York Harold Tribune, there is the caption: “Essade Bey — he hates problems, but he is ready to do anything.”


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

It is believed that Nussimbaum used the name Essad Bey as his pseudonym (it is believed that Nussimbaum translated his name Lev into Arabic - Essad, and Abramovich's patronymic into Ibrahim oglu).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the 1944 edition of Ali and Nino in Italian under the name “Ali Khan”, the author indicated M. (Mohammed) Essad Bey; in this edition, Nino was called Erika, after the real wife of Nusenbaum.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Chingiz Huseynov believes that it is a non-Azerbaijani author who can be considered the author of the novel, since, as he claims, there are inaccuracies in the novel that the Azerbaijani author could not allow, but could have allow a person who has only outwardly joined Azerbaijan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Lev Nussimbaum also had a sister named Tamara [8].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the novel, Ali and Nino's daughter were also called Tamara.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Elfrida Ehrenfels von Bodmershof


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The niece and adopted daughter of Baroness Elfrida Ehrenfels von Bodmershof Lila Ehrenfels claims that Baroness Elfrida Ehrenfels is both the author of the novel and the bearer of the pseudonym “Kurban Said”, since it was she who was assigned the pseudonym “Kurban Said” in the German publishing catalog for 1935-39 [3] [10].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Elfrida Von Bodmershof was born in 1894 to the Bodmershof family, titled by Kaiser Franz Joseph I himself, King of Hungary and Emperor of the Austrian Empire.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

She studied economics at Stanford University in California.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

I knew Malayalam.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the late 1950s, she went to India to study temples in the southern part of the country.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In India, she married Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels, who converted to Islam in 1926, according to Indian rituals.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels by this time already had a daughter from his first marriage, Lila Ehrenfels.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Lila Ehrenfels claims that she has documents confirming the Baroness's authorship rights, including in the 1943 German book catalog Deutsches Buecherverzeichnis, the owner of the pseudonym “Kurban Said” and the author of the novel by Ali and Nino is shown by Baroness Elfried Ehrenfels von Bodmershof.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

At that time, the name of every writer who published any of his books in Germany and later in Austria was automatically included in the catalog register, which, like everything else, was under Nazi control .


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Lila Ehrenfels also claims that the original contract for Ali and Nino was signed in 1937 between Elfrida Ehrenfels and publisher Tal.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Lila Ehrenfels states that she, as the legal successor of the Baroness, has the rights to the first publication of the novel.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Over the years, she argues, various people have made claims to copyright.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

For example, in the 1970s it was Lucy Tal, the widow of Peter Tal, the owner of the publishing house that first published the novel in 1937 in Vienna [3].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 33 world languages


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali and Nino's novel was published in 33 languages.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

To date, more than 100 publications of the novel are known, most of which have been translated from the German original and the first English translation.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Azerbaijani (Azerbaijan: Əli və Nino).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

For the first time, the novel “Ali and Nino” was translated from German into Azerbaijani in 1972, in Munich, by Mejid Musazade, an employee of Radio Liberty.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

And for a year, the radio introduced listeners in Baku to this novel.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The scripts of these programs are currently in the State Archives of the Republic of Azerbaijan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The second translation was made by Mirza Khazar, an employee of the same radio [11].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

It was his translation that was published in Baku in 1990 in the Khazar magazine.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the same year, the novel translated by Mirza Khazar was published in the art and literary magazine “Azerbaijan”.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1993, the novel in Cyrillic was published by the Yazychy publishing house.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 2004, he was the publishing house “Sada”, but the author is not Kurban Said, but Yusif Chemenzeminli.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Later, the novel was published in Azerbaijani in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2012.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Albanian (Albanian: Aliu dhe Ninoja).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was published only once in Albanian in 2009 in Tirana by OMSCA-1.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

He translated the novel by Guri Shuti [12].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In English (English: Ali and Nino).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel has been published in English 15 times.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

It was first published in 1970 in London by Hutchinson.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was translated from German in 1967 by Berlin artist Zhenya Gramann (1920s — 2002), who gave birth in Russia and later emigrated to Europe.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

She obtained permission to translate from Lucy Tal, the widow of Peter Tal, the owner of the publishing house that first published the novel in 1937 in Vienna.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

To date, many editions of the novel have been translated from the translation of Zhenya Graman [13].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the same year, the novel was published in New York by Random House.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1971, Arrow Books published the novel in London, and a year later Pocket Books published the book in the United States and Canada.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1990, Vintage/Ebury published the novel in New York and Robin Clark in London.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1996, Overlook Press published the novel in New York and the authorship rights belong to Lucy Tal, and in 2000 this niga was also published there under Thorndike Press, where the author of the rights to the book Lila Ehrenfels is listed.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the same year, the novel was published in London by Chatto & Windus (where Lila Ehrenfels is also listed as the copyright holder) and Vintage, and in New York by Anchor.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Arabic (Arabic: English).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was published in Arabic three times: in 1970, 2002, 2003 and 2010.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was first published in Beirut in 1970 by Dar Al-Quds.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was translated by Abdel Wahab al-Ahmadi.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 2003, the novel was also published in Beirut by Matabat al-Fakih.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The translation was made from the English translation of the German original.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Bengali (Bengali: Bengali).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In total, the novel was published five times in Bengali.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was first published in 1995 in Dhaka by Saleh Uddin of Bud Publications.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was translated from Jenny Gramon's translation by Dr. Bulbul Sarwar.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was published for the second time in 2000, and in 2003, the novel was published in Kolkata by Abdur Rahman Mullik.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

And in 2004, Abdur Rouf Bokul was in Dhaka.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The last time the Bengali novel was published in 2008.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Hungarian (Hungarian: Ali es Nino).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 2002, Magyar Konyvklub published the novel in Budapest.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The book was translated by Maria Borbash.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Dutch (Dutch: Ali en Nino).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel has been published seven times in Dutch.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Van Holkem and Warendorf first published the novel in Amsterdam in 1938.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

De Harmonie published the novel there in 1974 and 1981.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The book was translated from English by Elsa Hug.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Van Holkem and Warendorff re-published the novel in 1991.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

De Bezige Bij published the novel in Amsterdam in 2002, 2004 and 2009.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Translated the novel from German by Meygerink.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Greek (Greek: Ala Kai Nino).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The Greek novel was published in 2002 in Athens by Psichogios Publications.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was translated from English by Maria and Eleni Paxinou.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Georgian (Georgian: Georgian).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel has been published twice in Georgian.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 2002, Diogenes Publishing House published a translation by Maya Mirianashvili in Tbilisi and in 2004, a translation by Giorgi Jabashvili.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Danish (Danish: Ali og Nino).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In November 2008, the novel was published in Copenhagen by Forlaget Vandkhunsten.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Translated by Judith Price and Jørgen Herman Monrad.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Hebrew (Hebrew: English).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 2001, the novel was published in Lod and Tel Aviv by Zmorah-Bitan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The translation from English was made by Michael Duck.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Indonesian (Indonesian: Ali dan Nino).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was published in Jakarta by Serambi in July 2004.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel was translated by Marian A. and Hikmat Damavan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Spanish (Spanish: Ali y Nino).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel has been published four times in Spanish.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1973, the novel was published in Plaza y Janes in Barcelona.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The translation from English was made by Adolfo Martin.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 2000, Debate/Media published the novel in Madrid, and in 2001 and 2012, a translation by Isabela Paino Jimenez-Ugarte was published in Barcelona.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Structure of the novel


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali and Nino is divided into thirty chapters.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The story is told in the first person, on behalf of the main character Ali Khan Shirvanshir and ends with the words of Ali Khan's friend, captain Ilyas-bek:


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali Khan Shirvanshir died at 5:15am on the Ganja bridge.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

His body fell into a parched river pierced by eight bullets.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

A notebook was found in his pocket.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

If Allah so wills, I will deliver this notebook to his wife.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

At dawn, shortly before the Russians came, we buried him in the courtyard of the mosque.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Our republic died just as Ali Khan Shirvanshir died.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Protagonists


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali Khan Shirvanshir is a descendant of the noble Shirvanshirov family, a graduate of the Baku gymnasium, and later a politician of the ADR.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Nino Kipiani is a Georgian princess, beloved, and later wife of Ali Khan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

It belongs to the Greek Orthodox Church.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Melik Nakhararyan is an Armenian aristocrat from the city of Shusha, a friend of Ali Khan, who later betrayed Ali Khan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ilyas bey is the son of Zeynal Aghi (Haji Zeynalabdin Tagiyev), a friend, classmate, and later an ally of Ali Khan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Muhammad Heydar is a friend and classmate of Ali Khan, an officer of the Russian army, a participant in the First World War.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Seyid Mustafa is a friend and classmate of Ali Khan, the son of an imam.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

He married Ali Khan to Nino.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Arslan aga is the son of a wealthy oil producer, a friend of Ali Khan, with whom they studied at the same gymnasium.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Summary


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The main character of the novel, Ali Khan Shirvanshir, is a descendant of the ancient aristocratic Shirvanshir family.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali Khan's ancestor Ibrahim Khan personally handed Hasankuli Khan, the ruler of Baku, a dagger, with which he allegedly killed Russian General Tsitsianishvili (who was actually shot with a pistol while receiving the keys from Baku, which surrendered to the Russians).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Although his father still belongs entirely to Asian culture, Ali is influenced by the West at school.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

While studying at a Baku gymnasium, Ali Khan meets the daughter of Georgian prince Nino Kipiani and falls in love with her.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali met her at the St. Queen Tamara's Gymnasium opposite the girls' gymnasium, where Nino studied.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali helps her with her homework, especially math.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Then they start dating in the Governor's Garden, where they kiss for the first time.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Through her love for Georgian Princess Nino, who was brought up in the Christian tradition, Ali is getting closer to the European world.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

After graduating from high school, Ali decides to marry Nino.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

At first, she hesitates until Ali promises that he will not force her to wear a veil or be part of a harem.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali's father, despite his Muslim traditional idea of women, supports marriage, but Nino's father tries to postpone the marriage.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In summer, Ali and Nino meet in Shusha, where they meet Armenian aristocrat Melik Nakhararyan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Soon Ali Khan becomes friends with Nahararyan, having interesting arguments with him.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

But Nahararyan also falls in love with Nino and wants to marry her himself and take her to Sweden.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The First World War soon begins.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Muslims have been released from military service, but many of them volunteered.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

But Ali is not, what his father and uncle are very dissatisfied with.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Nino does not understand him either.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

But Ali categorically does not want to fight for the interests of the Russian Empire, being confident in its imminent collapse.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

He does not even look at the fact that Nino in Tiflis proudly shows him the grave of Griboyedov, whose wife she was a maternal great-niece.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Baku, Nahararyan, whom Ali considered a friend, kidnaps Nino and takes him to his villa in Mardakan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Nino, who has a windy character, does not resist him.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In anger, Ali catches up with them on horseback on a Karabakh horse, and a fight unfolds in Nahararyan's villa, as a result of which Ali Khan kills Nakhararyan, becoming the bloodman of this family.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

After that, he is forced to hide in the Dagestan village.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Many months later, Nino comes to see him there.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali Khan forgives her and they enter into a Muslim marriage, after which they live in poverty for several months.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

As soon as the revolution and the March battles begin, Ali Khan makes tough ideological decisions.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

As the Ottoman army approaches the liberation of his native Baku, Ali Khan is following the developments.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Due to the danger that the Bolsheviks will capture Baku, Ali and Nino flee to Persia.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In Tehran, Ali is reminded of his Muslim roots, while Nino is unhappy in the new environment.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

After the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Ali and Nino return and become cultural ambassadors of their new country.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali is offered the post of ambassador to France.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Nino is happy with this idea, but Ali refuses, fearing that he will be unhappy in Paris.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Nino is sometimes shocked by Ali Khan's actions when he once tortures himself during Ashura.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

They soon have a daughter, whom they call Tamara.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The novel ends with the arrival of Russians who occupy Baku.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali khan makes Nino take her daughter and go to Tiflis.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

But Ali Khan himself stays in Ganja, not wanting to leave his homeland in difficult times.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

During the battles on the Ganja Bridge, he dies after writing everything that happened to him in a notebook.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Nino's fate remains unknown.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The confrontation between East and West in the novel


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the novel, Ali and Nino are involved in events taking place against the background of the First World War, the Bolshevik Revolution, the rise and fall of the first independent Republic of Azerbaijan.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Keeping up with the times, they are forced to live between East and West.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Whether it is the geographical location of Baku, the relationship between Ali and Nino, or the choice of parties to the war, there are always two camps in the novel — East and West, covering all aspects of life.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

According to Nurangiz Khodzharova, Kurban Said does not force the reader to make any judgment, but allows him to judge for himself in order to decide whether such a division will be reasonable, he subtly invites the reader to marry framework, directly into Ali's soul, who does not belong entirely to either the East or the West, but belongs to another place called home.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

For Ali Khan Shirvanshir, this place is Baku.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Baku in the novel is a place where an invisible border passes between East and West, where Ali falls in love with Nino, where his ancestors fought and died, and where he himself wants to die [16].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Comparing the old and new parts of the city, Ali Khan says: “In fact, there were not one, but two cities in front of me, fused like two halves of a nut shell. The shell was the outer city, lying on the other side of the ancient fortress wall. The streets in that city were wide, the houses were high... The border between Europe and Asia also ran through the outer city... And on this side of the fortress walls, the streets were narrow and crooked, like an eastern dagger. If there, behind the fortress wall, the towers of the Nobel oil fields pierced the sky, then here, into fluffy clouds, the minarets of mosques ascended.”


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

[14] (Ali and Nino, chap. II).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

“Our city is full of secrets that are hidden in its secluded corners. I love these secrets, love these nooks, love the buzzing darkness of the night, the whisper of the day in the courtyard of the mosque. I love it because it was here that Allah allowed me to be born a Shiite person, a follower of Imam Jafar. And if He is so merciful to me, let me die on this street, in this house where I was born,” [14] says Ali.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Nurangiz Khodjarova writes that these are the words of a person who is not only Asian or European, Muslim or Christian, but a person who carries peace and devotion in his heart that cannot be combined to nothing by any external forces [16].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The topic of the confrontation between East and West is often found in the novel.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The book, represented by two lovers Ali and Nino, shows the difference between East and West, Asia and Europe, Islam and Christianity, two and different and similar cultures of the Caucasus.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Kurban Said reminds his readers about this again and again.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Nino feels terrible in Tehran, while Ali feels uneasy at one of the British parties at his new home in Baku and refuses to go to Paris.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

He says to Nino: “In Paris, I will be unhappy like you are in Iran. In someone else's environment, I'll drown like a whirlpool. Remember the Shamiran Palace, the harem. You couldn't bear Asia, I couldn't survive in Europe. Let's stay here in Baku, because Europe and Asia are so quietly intertwined here. I won't be able to go to Paris. There is no mosque, no fortress, no Seyid Mustafa. I need to breathe the air of Asia in order to bear this horde of foreigners who have flooded into Baku. You hated me during the muharrem, I'm going to hate you in Paris. Not right away, but after some carnival or ball you take me to, I'm going to start hating this alien world and you. So I have to stay here. I was born here and I want to die here.”


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

However, Ali, as well as Nino, a stranger in Iran, and Nina's role as hostess at a Western party seems fake.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Nevertheless, they are both happy in Baku, Tiflis and Shusha.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Because, as Elin Suleymanov notes, they are at home in the Caucasus [17].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

According to Elin Suleymanov, the book is full of symbolism.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

For example, in the episode where Ali pursues the kidnapped Nino Nakhararyan on the famous Karabakh horse, he is a symbol of the East, while Nakhararyan is driving his European car, he is a symbol of the West [17].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Baku to Ali and Nino


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The main action in the novel takes place in Baku.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The places of the city mentioned in the novel existed in reality.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The following table shows the places in the city mentioned in the novel.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Reviews and criticism


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Reviewing the novel in Kommersant, columnist Anna Narinskaya defines its text as an orientalist stylization.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

She writes:


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The characters of the characters — courageous but ardent Ali and eccentric but faithful Nino — remain unchanged.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Fates are sealed.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Conversations are edifying naive.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

It would seem that Leyla and Majnun during the First World War and the Civil War [10].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

“An outstanding book. Feels like I've found a treasure” — The New York Times


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

“A brilliant masterpiece... I can't remember a single love story like it in fiction” — Washington Star


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

“A touching and beautiful story... a vivid look at the clash of cultures and the immortality of love” — Time


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In culture


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 2011, a movable sculpture “Ali and Nino” was installed in Batumi.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The sculptor is Tamara Kvesitadze, who was inspired to create the work by the novel.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The sculptures are seven meters high.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

At the very beginning, the sculpture was called “Man and Woman”.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

But after it was decided to install it in Batumi, the figures received the names of the heroes of Kurban Said's book — Ali and Nino.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Steel Ali and Nino slowly move towards each other, changing positions every 10 minutes until they meet and merge into one.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

After that, the reverse process begins, and then everything is new [20].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In March 2007, on the basis of the alternative Youth Creative Center in Baku, a young director Elvin Mirzoev staged the play “Ali and Nino” on the stage of the House of Actors.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The performance was a resounding success and received a number of invitations to international theater festivals.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

But for unknown reasons, a few months later, the performance was closed.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Only 4 years later, Ali and Nino was restored as a director with a new troupe of the Baku Municipal Theater.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 2012, Ali and Nino received an invitation to the Golden Mask All-Russian Theater Festival.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In the international block “Mask Plus”, the performance was presented on the stage of the Theater on Strastnom.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The performance was also a resounding success at the International Theater Festival “Melpomene of Tavria” in Kherson (Ukraine).


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Actress Nigar Hasanzade was awarded the Best Actress award and diploma for her role as Nino Kipiani.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The first world performers Ali and Nino are director and actor Elvin Mirzoev and Nigar Hasanzade.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Ali and Nino's film Ali and Nino was staged in England in 2016.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Maria Valverde plays the role of Nino.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

A similar topic in literature


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Asli and Kerem are an anonymous dastan about the love of Azerbaijani Kerem and Armenian Asli [21] [22].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Bahadur and Sona is a novel by Nariman Narimanov about the love of Azerbaijani student Bahadur and Armenian Sona [23].


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

In 1905, Jafar Jabbarli played a play about the love of Azerbaijani Bakhshi and Armenian Sona.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The Red Blanket — A. Bestuzhev about the love of an Azerbaijani woman for a Russian officer.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

The romantic story is a story by Stefan Zorian about the love of Azerbaijani Ali and Armenian Katarina.


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Notes


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

References


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Category:Novels of Azerbaijan


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Category:Novels in German


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Category:Novels by Kurban Said


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Category:Books about Azerbaijan


Question: Who wrote Ali and Nino?

Ali & Nino

Category:Azerbaijani books


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Burley Griffin [1] (English: Burley Griffin) is an artificial lake in the center of Canberra, the capital of Australia.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The construction was completed in 1964, after the Molonglo River between the city center and the Parliamentary Triangle was blocked by a dam.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The object was designed by Walter Burley Griffin using different geometric motifs in such a way that its axes correspond to the natural geographical features of the territory.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

However, the authorities changed his original plan, and significant work was not completed until his departure from Australia in 1920.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

His scheme was left unfulfilled due to the Great Depression and World War II.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Design did not resume until the 1950s.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

After lengthy political debates on several proposed options, excavation work began in 1960, with the vigorous support of Prime Minister Robert Menzies.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

After the construction of bridges and dams was completed in September 1963, the dam was closed.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

However, due to drought, the water rose to the target level only in April 1964.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The reservoir was formally opened on October 17, 1964.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The site is located in the approximate geographical center of the city, and, according to Griffin's original design, was the central point of the capital.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Many headquarters buildings have been built on its banks, such as the National Gallery of Australia, the National Museum of Australia, the National Library of Australia, the Australian National University and High Court of Australia, and the Parliament House of Australia is located nearby.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Its surroundings, which are mainly occupied by park areas, are a popular holiday destination, especially during the warmer months.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Although swimming in the pond is rare, it is used for a wide range of other activities, such as boating, fishing and sailing.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The reservoir has an ornamental surface with a length of 11 kilometers and a maximum width of 1.2 kilometers.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The average depth is 4 meters, the maximum is 18 meters near the Scriviner dam.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

This 33-meter-long dam regulates the filling of the reservoir.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

It is able to withstand particularly severe floods that occur every 5,000 years.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

During dry times, the water level can be maintained by the descent of the Guglong Dam, located on the Queenbian River, an upper tributary of the Molonglo River.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Name etymology


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

It is named after Walter Burley Griffin, an American architect who won the competition for the design of the city of Canberra [2].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Design history


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Charles Robert Scrivener (1855—1923) in 1909 recommended a site for the planned capital of the country, Canberra.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

One of the factors in choosing the location was the possibility of creating a water reservoir “for decorative purposes at a reasonable cost” [3].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Skrivener's work demonstrated that the terrain makes it possible to create a reservoir through a dam [4].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

In 1911, a competition for the design of Canberra began.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Skrivener's review of the territory was handed over to the architects participating in the competition [3].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Since the Molonglo River flowed through the flood plain [5], the Skrivener review clearly highlighted in gray an area convenient for creating an artificial lake, close to the later actually created site, and four possible sites for the dam [6] [7] are indicated.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Most of the contestants took the hint and included an artificial reservoir in their proposals [3].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

By Walter Burley Griffin


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

American architect Walter Burley Griffin won the competition and, after approval of the jury's decision by Home Secretary King O'Molley, was invited to Australia to oversee the construction of a new capital [4] [8].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Griffin's proposal, which was replete with geometric models, included concentric six- and octagons of streets emanating from several centers [9].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

According to his design, the reservoir was to be located in the city center and consist of a central basin in the form of a circle segment, western and eastern basins, both approximately in the shape of a circle, and framed them on both sides of the western and eastern lakes, many large in area and irregular in shape [10].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The eastern lake was supposed to be located at a level 6 meters above the rest of the components [11].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

Griffin's proposal was “the greatest presented, captivating with simplicity and clarity” [4].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The objects were deliberately designed so that their orientation was tied to various topographic elevations of Canberra [3] [12].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The reservoirs stretched from east to west and divided the city into two parts.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The perpendicular axis to the central basin ran from Capitol Hill on the south bank (the future location of the new House of Parliament) to the north-northeast through the central basin to its north bank, then along Anzac Avenue to the Australian War Memorial (originally planned to place a casino in its place).


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

When viewed from Capitol Hill, it should have seemed like the war memorial was right at the foot of Mount Ainsley.


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

At the southwestern end of this axis was Bimbury Peak [12].


Question: How deep is Lake Burley Griffin?

Burley-Griffin

The straight edge of the circle segment that formed the central basin was the water axis that continued northwest to Black Mountain, [12] the highest point of Canberra.