Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The gunners immediately came under fire from snipers who sat in Henry's house, which was only 60 meters from their left flank.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Ricketts fired several volleys around the house.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At that time, widow Judith Henry (84 years old), her daughter Helen, son John, and black hired maid Lucy Griffith were in the house.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Lucy was hiding under the widow's bed, and Helen was in the hearth.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

A buckshot volley of Ricketts guns inflicted several wounds on the widow, while her leg was almost cut off.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

She died that evening and became the first civilian to die in a Civil War battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Lucy was shot in the arm and Helen later lost her hearing.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After dealing with the snipers, Ricketts ordered all six of his 10-pound Parrots to open fire on the Jackson Line.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At the same time, Griffin's battery stood to the left, behind Henry's house, and joined the shelling [62] [63].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 11th New York Infantry Regiment, the Fire Zouaves, stood behind Ricketts's guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Marines stood to the left and the 1st Minnesota to the right.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Brooklyn's 14th lingered at the Young Branch crossing, and New York 38 climbed the hill and stood to the left of Henry's house, where he was even earlier than Griffin's battery.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

There was a fierce gun exchange at a short distance.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

General Jackson drove along his infantry line, repeating, “It's all right...” “He seemed very calm,” recalled Private 5th Virginia, “and we decided that everything was really fine and that usual battles look like this” [64].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Ricketts artillery had been firing for about 20 minutes, when General Heinzelman decided to move the infantry forward.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On his orders, at 15:00, the federal regiments on Henry Hill began to advance, passing through the battery position.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

All three regiments moved simultaneously: the 1st Minnesota and 11th New York were to the right of Henry's house, and the 38th New York to the left.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 1st Minnesota approached the infantry line of the Southerners, but some officers thought they saw the federal flag ahead.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Lieutenant Colonel 2nd Mississippi, Bartley Boone, approached the Minnesota Regiment and asked who they were.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Upon learning that he was in front of him a Southerner, Captain Wilkins ordered him to surrender.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The neighboring 11th did not hesitate for long and began the attack, immediately falling under the volley of 33rd Virginia, which, however, was given too high.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

A shootout ensued, and the field was clouded with thick smoke.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Federal regiments managed to fire 4 or 5 volleys, after which gradually, company by company, began to withdraw, and the officers failed to restore order in their ranks [65].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Fire Zouaves Escape


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

When the 11th New York Regiment retreated from Henry Hill, Jeb Stewart's cavalry, numbering about 150 men, appeared nearby.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Moving along Sadley Road, Stewart accidentally went straight to the right flank of the Zouaves.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

As often happened that day, Stewart mistook them for his own and shouted, “Don't back down guys, we're here!” , but New Yorkers didn't pay attention to him.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

William Blackford later recalled that Stewart asked him whose regiment it was, and Blackford replied that he did not know, but heard that Beauregard's army had a regiment of Zouaves [66].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Stewart approached and, seeing the regiment's banners, ordered the cavalry to attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The cavalry rushed to attack in a column of four from a distance of 70 meters, and from 30 meters turned to the left, falling on the enemy with a wide front.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The cavalrymen managed to fire a volley, but not very accurate, and the Zouavas fired a volley in response.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Each side subsequently claimed serious losses to the enemy [67] [68].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The cavalry broke through the ranks of the Zouaves, grouped for a second attack, but the New Yorkers retreated under the cover of the forest.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Stewart lost nine people killed and about 18 horses.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Subsequently, he claimed that his attack finally demoralized the Zouaves and sowed panic throughout the enemy's army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Zouaves claimed that they easily knocked over and dispersed the attackers.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In reality, the Zouavas and the 1st Minnesota Regiment suffered minor losses, but were indeed disabled until the end of the battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In just 20 minutes of fighting on Henry Hill and in a clash with cavalry, each regiment lost 40 men - a record loss among federal regiments.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In subsequent years, 1st Minnesota became famous near Gettysburg, and 11th New York compromised itself so that it was disbanded [69] [70] [71].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“The Stone Wall”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At this time, between 2:00pm and 3:00pm, reinforcements from the southerners gradually arrived on Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson was sent to help Jackson, the 49th Virginia Infantry Regiment from the Cook Brigade, and then the 6th North Carolina Infantry Regiment, which had just arrived on the battlefield.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At the same time, the regiments broken on Matthews Hill were gradually formed into small battalions.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

General Bernard B found the remnants of his 4th Alabama.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“That's all that's left of my crew,” he said, “will you follow me where the battle is going on?” The Alabamans said, “Yes, General, we'll go wherever you say and do what you say.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Then B responded with a phrase known in several versions: “Jackson stands there like a stone wall. Let's go to his aid” (option: “Jackson is there, standing like a stone wall. Let's die here and then we'll win. Follow me!” [72]).


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It is believed that this is how Jackson's nickname “Stonewall” (Stone Wall) was formed.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

There are four memories of this event, which do not coincide in everything, but according to historian Hennessy, it follows from them that the historical phrase was uttered at this moment [73].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Traditionally, in popular literature, the pronunciation of this phrase dates back to an earlier moment, usually at the very beginning of the battle on Henry's Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This is how this event was first described in the Charleston newspaper “” [72].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

An almost accurate retelling from Mercury was presented by Kirill Mal in the Russian-language book “The Civil War in the United States” [74] and in Jackson's biography by James Robertson [75].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Cummings attack


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The retreat of the Northerners infantry immediately put their artillery in a difficult situation.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Ricketts's battery lost all his horses, and he couldn't get out of position.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The horses of Griffin's battery survived, and Lieutenant Charles Hazlett offered to retreat, but Griffin understood that he was dooming Ricketts artillery to death.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

So he made a different decision: ordering Hazlet to stay in place with the three Parrots, took two 12-pound howitzers himself, went down to Sadley Road, went to the right flank of Ricketts and installed howitzers over there.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The remnants of New York 11th covered this position.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Just 200 meters from the howitzers, the 33rd Virginia Infantry Regiment stood in the forest, and its commander, Colonel Arthur Cummings, noticed the appearance of Griffin.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He realized that his regiment could not withstand the fire of howitzers, and decided to attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At this point, 450 men of the 49th Virginia Regiment appeared nearby, led by Colonel William Smith, the former governor of Virginia.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard ordered him to cover the left flank of the 33rd [76].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Griffin managed to fire two volleys when he noticed Smith's regiment.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He turned two guns towards the Virginians, loading them with buckshot.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, his commander, a major, mistook the Virginians (who wore blue uniforms) for the Heinzelman division, so he ordered the guns to be deployed in the same direction and reloaded with cores.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“These are Confederates,” Griffin said, “it's clear as a day that they are Confederates!” Barry replied, “No, Captain, this is your infantry cover!” The Virginians, meanwhile, approached the battery 70 meters and fired a volley at the gunners.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“That was the end of it for us,” Griffin said during the investigation, “we were all mowed down by fire.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At the same time, Cummings's regiment went on the attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“It was an attack that the previous regular army had never seen,” Cummings later recalled, “albeit in a not very regular style.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Federal gunners fled, the remnants of the Zouaves also retreated.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Virginians seized the guns, achieving their first clear success that day [77].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Later, historians often referred to this attack as the turning point of the entire battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, John Hennessy wrote that this was only the first success, which could well be temporary [78].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 33rd and 49th were completely disorganized by the attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Cummings tried to put the battle line in order, but at that moment Brooklyn 14th approached from Sadley Road.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Approaching 100 meters, New Yorkers opened fire, which immediately forced the Virginians to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Brooklyn 14th rushed forward and repulsed Griffin's howitzers.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The retreating Virginians upset the ranks of the 2nd Virginia Regiment, which also began to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The entire left flank of Jackson's defense was now collapsing [79].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In the report, Jackson described Cummings's attack as follows: “... one of his (enemy) batteries was so close to Colonel Cummings that it fell into his hands as a result of a brave attack by his regiment; however, falling under heavy musket fire, he had to leave the battery behind” [80].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson's counterattack


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The attack of the 14th Brooklyn Regiment overturned the 33rd, 49th, and 2nd Virginia.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Fortunately for Jackson, however, the thick smoke disoriented New Yorkers.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Instead of chasing the fleeing, they turned their attention to artillery and rushed screaming at the enemy's guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson addressed the 4th and 27th Virginia Regiments and said, “Don't shoot until they reach 50 yards. And that's when you shoot and attack them with bayonets. And when you go on the attack, yell like furies.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

A volley of Virginia regiments stopped the 14th Brooklyn and upset its ranks.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The New Yorkers leveled the ranks and went on the attack again, but were thrown back again.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They went on the attack for the third time, but were thrown back again and began to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This offensive by the New York regiment showed Jackson that his batteries were in danger, and he ordered the guns to be withdrawn to the rear.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At the same time, he said to the 4th and 27th: “Now we are attacking them and throwing them back to Washington!” On his orders, the regiments rushed forward to Ricketts' guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Ricketts himself had already been injured by this time.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The gunners fired several volleys with buckshot and fled.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Virginians broke through to the guns [81].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

When Jackson attacked Ricketts guns, some other units came to his aid.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

led a unit of the 7th Georgia Regiment to attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

During the attack, the bullet hit him in the chest and threw him off his horse.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“They killed me,” he said, “but boys, never give them the fields!” To the left of Jackson, the 2nd Mississippi and 49th Virginia joined the attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The colonel brought the 6th North Carolina, who opened rifle fire on Griffin's battery.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“Colonel, should we attack?” Isaac Avery asked, and Fisher agreed; his regiment rushed forward and captured the howitzers.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Fisher decided to level the ranks and continue the attack, but at that moment he was killed.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His regiment came under heavy fire and began to retreat [82].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was around 3:30 p.m.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Despite the retreat of South Carolina 6, 8 of the 12 federal guns remained in the hands of the Southerners, and three more left the battlefield.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell decided to recover the lost guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

According to historian Hennessy, he thought not so much about the real situation on the battlefield, but about the possible reaction of the public - whatever the outcome of the battle, the loss of guns could cause a negative reaction in society.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, officers on the battlefield also understood the need to return the guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The first attempt was made by the 1st Michigan Regiment of Orlando Wilcox.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The regiment opened fire from behind Sadley Road fence, and then launched an attack, but came under heavy fire and retreated back to the road.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Then a small battalion went on the attack, probably assembled from the remnants of the 14th Brooklyn and the Fire Zouaves.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Jackson's Virginians repelled this attack as well [83].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Ricketts guns belonged to William Franklin's brigade, and now this brigade went on the offensive: Franklin sent the 5th and 11th Massachusetts Regiments into battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They walked down the notch of Sadley Road, past crowds of wounded and retreating, and met a cavalry squad galloping past shouting, “Get out of here or the black cavalry will deal with you!” The cavalry was followed by the retreating Ricketts guns, which had to be missed, and as a result, the order of the regiments was upset, and the officers had to make a lot of effort to build them for battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Franklin ordered an attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The shelves reached the edge of the Henry Hill plateau.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 5th Massachusetts was advancing on the left flank; he immediately came under fire from the Southerners standing at Henry's house, and immediately retreated.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 11th Massachusetts was advancing to the right, and his offensive was more successful: he fired several volleys at the Virginians and forced them to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The regiment rushed forward and seized the guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The privates tried to drag them to the rear, but the officers returned them to service to maintain the combat line [84].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was already 16:00, and new units of the Southerners arrived on the battlefield: the Jubal Early Brigade, two regiments of the Bonham Brigade, the Kirby Smith Brigade, and several regiments of the Kok Brigade.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They approached Portici's farm, from where Johnston would transport them to Beauregard, who directed them to Henry's Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard also tried to return to service the previously involved units.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

When Jackson's Virginians retreated from the guns, Beauregard collected the remnants of the 5th Virginia and the Hampton Legion and sent them into battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He ordered the Legion to occupy Henry's house, and he personally led the 5th Virginia to attack the guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Massachusetts regiment at the batteries came under their fire and retreated.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Virginians rushed to the guns and seized them [85].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At this time, General B found several companies of the 4th South Carolina and two companies of the 2nd Mississippi Regiments.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“Guys, there's a position over there that's important to hold,” he said, “go there quickly and help hold it.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He led them into battle himself, but met Jackson's retreating guns, and his squad parted, letting them pass.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

B stayed with a squad of 100 men.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He led this detachment to where Ricketts' far right guns were standing, but came under fire and was mortally wounded.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

B died the next day and became the highest-ranking officer to die in the battle [86].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Sherman Attack


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By this time, McDowell had already thrown 13 thousand people into battle out of his 18 thousand, and at his disposal remained only two fresh brigades: Oliver Howard and William Sherman.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Howard was ordered to go around Chinn Ridge, and Sherman was sent directly to Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His crew crossed Bull Run at 11:30am and have been waiting for orders ever since.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At 2:30pm, McDowell ordered her to “join the pursuit of the enemy.”


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Sherman put the 13th New York Infantry Regiment ahead, followed by, one by one, the 2nd Wisconsin, 79th New York and 69th New York.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They descended down the slope of Buck Hill, crossed the Warrenton Road and Young Branch, and were drawn into the excavation of Sadley Road, which by that time was filled with dead and wounded.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After placing the brigade on the road, Sherman sent the 13th New York left, up the hill, to Henry's house [87].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 13th went to Henry's house at 70 meters, lay down and opened fire.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Hampton regiment entered into a shootout with him, and the battle lasted about half an hour.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Sherman, on the other hand, decided to send regiments into battle not on a common front, but one by one.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Each regiment came out of the excavation of the road and climbed Henry Hill to the Ricketts guns.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Wisconsin 2nd came first, but he was wearing a gray uniform, and he was fired at by his own volley.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The regiment still went to Henry's house, but was confused, mistaking the enemy flag flashing in front for a federal flag.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After several shots, the regiment began to retreat in disarray to Sadley Road, where it was again mistaken for an enemy, and the 69th New York fired a volley at him [88].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Colonel's 79th New York Infantry Regiment followed the Wisconsin Regiment to the hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He climbed the hill through the wreckage of guns, fronts and charging boxes, was immediately hit by a rifle volley and exchanged fire for several minutes, during which Colonel Cameron was fatally wounded.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

And again, someone thought that the federal flag was visible ahead, and there were shouts to cease fire, and for several minutes the regiment could not decide whether to shoot or not.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

During this time, the Southerners fired another volley at them, which forced the regiment to retreat to Sadley Road in disarray [89].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Virginians and South Carolinans held their position at Henry's house, but their strength was running out.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hampton ventured to counterattack the enemy retreating to the road, but was wounded in the leg, and Captain James Conner took command.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He decided to be more careful and just hold the position as long as possible.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Meanwhile, another attack was approaching, the fiercest of all: Colonel Hobart Ward's 38th New York Infantry Regiment advanced to the right of Sherman's Brigade.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He was already involved in the battle, but was not injured.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At the same time, several federal guns appeared on Sadley Road, which opened fire on southerners near Henry's house.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

When the 38th launched the offensive, Sherman sent his last regiment, the 69th New York, into battle to his left.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Advancing in the same line, New Yorkers forced the Hampton Legion and the 5th Virginia Legion to move away from Henry's house.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The hill was captured, and no enemy parts remained in the field of view of the attackers.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“At some point, we were full masters of the battlefield,” recalled Lieutenant Colonel Farnsworth.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell himself arrived at Henry Hill and congratulated Colonel Corcoran on his victory.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, the situation of the two New York regiments was difficult: the command did not have reserves to strengthen their position on the hill [90].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Meanwhile, more reinforcements came to Beauregard's aid.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Eppa Hunton's 8th Virginia Regiment and Robert Weathers' 18th Virginia Regiment were the first to approach.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hunton stepped on Henry's house from the east, and Weathers from the south.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 18th attacked New York 38 where Griffin's howitzers were stationed and forced him to withdraw.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 1st hit 69th New York and also threw it off the hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 13th New York Regiment was still at Henry's house, but he eventually retreated, and all three regiments began to retreat to the Stone House.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Now only Oliver Howard's brigade on Chinn Ridge Hill remains at the disposal of the federal command [91].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Counterattack


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Colonel Oliver Howard was ordered to advance shortly after 3:00 p.m.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His crew marched from Matthews Hill to Dogan Ridge Hill, descended its western slope to the Warrenton Road, crossed it, and stood at Young Branch Creek.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Here, Howard deployed a brigade in two battle lines: the 2nd Vermont and 4th Manx Regiments in the first line, and the 3rd and 5th Michigan Regiments in the second.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The march under the burning sun was not without casualties.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Some companies have about 8 people left instead of 60.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After a short pause at the stream, Howard ordered the first-line regiments to climb Chinn Ridge Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By this point, the Northerners have lost almost all chances to win.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

General McDowell was preparing to retreat and ordered Colonel Miles to allocate two brigades to cover this retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At the same time, he sent a battalion of regulars under the command of Major George Sykes to Henry Hill [92].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At this time, while Howard was climbing Chinn Ridge, the first two regiments of the Bonham Brigade came to Henry Hill: Colonel Kershaw's 2nd South Carolina Infantry Regiment and Colonel's 8th South Carolina Infantry Regiment Cache.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Northerners had just been driven off Henry Hill; Kershaw and Cash crossed the field near Henry's house, passed Ricketts guns and went to Sadley Road, where they opened fire on the forest on the west side of the road and Sykes regulars.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Soon, the Kemper battery came to their aid and turned around on a hill near Ricketts guns [93].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Following this, Henry's Hill arrived the last, largest reserve of the army of the South - three regiments of Colonel Arnold Elsey (minus Ambrose Hill's 13th Virginia Regiment) and the entire brigade of Colonel Jubal Early.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Elsie was one of the most experienced commanders of the army at the time, his brigade (1,700 men) was the last brigade of the Shenandoah army to arrive on the battlefield.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Brigadier General Edmund Kirby Smith was with the brigade, whose brigade remained at Piedmont Station, but Smith did not want to miss the battle and, as a senior in rank, led the brigade, removing Elsie to level of Commander of the 1st Maryland Battalion


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Arriving at Manassas at noon, the brigade marched 5 miles to Johnston's headquarters at Villa Portici, from where it was sent to the left flank of the army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This was followed by the Early Brigade, removed from their position at McLean-Ford Ford.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Elsie's brigade followed the Kershaw and Cash regiments, but Kershaw turned right, and Elsie went straight, extending Kershaw's front on the left.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Moving through the forest, the brigade met a small detachment of federal infantry, which fired a volley at it.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

These shots shot General Smith in the neck.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He left the battlefield, and Elsie took command again (surrendering the battalion to Lieutenant Colonel George Stewart) [94] [95].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After ensuring Smith's delivery to the rear, Elsie led the brigade further, beyond Sadley Road, to the low height of Bald Hill, where he built a brigade in the battle line with a front north.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, as soon as the brigade was built, Elsie noticed the northerners on Chinn Ridge Hill to his left, so he turned the brigade and moved in that direction, descending into the valley of Chinn Branch Creek.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Nearby was Beckham's battery, which Elsie sent even further to the left, to Chinn Ridge, where it turned around at Chinn's house.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At this time, two regiments of the Howard Brigade came to Chinn Ridge - the 2nd Vermont Regiment of Colonel Whiting and the 4th Michigan Regiment of Colonel Berry.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They spotted South Karli Kershaw and Cash standing behind the Sadley Road fence and opened fire on them.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The shootout took place at a distance of 300 meters without a tangible effect.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Elsie's brigade, lined up along Chinn Branch Creek, did not immediately identify the enemy, but as soon as the federal banners appeared, Elsie ordered to open fire.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beckham's battery joined the musket fire.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Howard returned for his two reserve regiments (Michigan 3rd and 5th), but found them upset and confused.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Half of Michigan 5 has inexplicably disappeared.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After collecting what was left, Howard led the shelves up the hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His brigade has not yet suffered significant losses, but due to confusion, some units have begun to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Howard commanded a general retreat, hoping to restore order in the rear [96] [95].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Seeing the enemy's retreat, Elsie led the brigade to attack up the hillside.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Having climbed to the top, the Southerners caught up with Howard's brigade, who was just trying to restore order in the regiments.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The fire of the Elsie brigade finally upset Howard's brigade, and it began a chaotic retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Many federal units on this day experienced disorganization and retreat, but it was in Howard's brigade that a real panic began for the first time.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Her withdrawal opened the flank of Sykes Battalion, which was also forced to retreat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The retreat of the last combat-ready units initiated a general indiscriminate withdrawal of the entire federal army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Brigade Private Elsie later recalled that when they climbed Chinn Ridge Hill, the Southerners did not notice any organized units, but only dense crowds of fleeing [97].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

General Beauregard arrived from Henry Hill to Chinn Ridge to the loud greetings of the entire army of the South.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

“Glory to Elsie,” he announced, “to Blucher of the day!” [98]


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Federal Army Escape


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The entire federal army was now retreating to the Bull Run crossings.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard had the opportunity to organize the pursuit, at his disposal the Elsie Brigade, the Beckham Battery, the Stuart Cavalry Battalion, and the Early Brigade.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The 19th Virginia Infantry Regiment also approached.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In total, Beauregard could gather about 7,000 people ready for battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, the enemy retreated too quickly, and Beauregard had to act without any thoughtful plan: he chased the 28th Virginia Regiment, which climbed Matthews Hill, but found that the hill is already empty.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Early Brigade followed Matthews Hill, but she could not catch up with anyone.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The northerners scattered in different directions, and it was impossible to understand where the main route of retreat was.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Early led the crew to Poplar Ford ford, where he stopped.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard also had Stuart's cavalry detachment at his disposal - about 150 people.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He began to pursue and immediately ran into Sykes regulars, who lined up in a square to repel a cavalry attack - this was actually the only case of using such a structure in that war.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Stewart did not dare to attack the square and took up the rest of the runners, chasing them in the direction of Sadley-Ford ford [99].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Federal units retreated along the same roads that they went on the offensive in the morning, only faster.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Again, the problem arose in the same place as in the morning: at the bridge over Cub Ran.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, if the march was organized in the morning, now the crowds were uncontrollable.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Beauregard has a chance to destroy the enemy by taking advantage of his delay at the bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He sent three regiments forward: the 18th Virginia was the first, but he noticed a heavy gun behind the Stone Bridge and decided to cross east at Lewis Ford.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Joseph Kershaw led his two regiments (South Carolina 2nd and 8th) directly across the Stone Bridge, but, noticing large enemy forces ahead, stopped and asked Beauregard for instructions.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

While he waited for Beauregard's answer, two cavalry units (Ratford and Munford) crossed the river at Lewis Ford and attacked the retreating on the Warrenton Road.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, the cavalry soon collided with large infantry units and retreated.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

During this attack, the banner of the 69th New York Regiment and its colonel, [100] [101], were captured.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Shortly after the withdrawal of the cavalry, Kershaw was ordered to continue the offensive.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Moving along the highway, he soon saw the place where the streams retreating along the Warrensburg Road were joined by a stream running from Sadley Ford, forming a traffic jam that historian Hennessy called unprecedented in American history to this day.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Kershaw ordered Captain Kemper to deploy his guns and open fire on the enemy at the bridge from a distance of 1000 meters.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The very first shell exploded over the bridge, frightening horses, which overturned two wagons, completely blocking the bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This forced the retreating people to run right across the river.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, this route was not accessible to wheeled vehicles.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Kemper fired only about twelve shots, causing damage mainly to the 2nd New Hampshire Regiment [102] [101].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The panic at the Cab Run bridge lasted about half an hour.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By 18:30, almost all the retreating went across the bridge.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

One of the last to retreat was Lieutenant Peter Haynes with his 30-pound Parrot.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The heavy gun was stuck in the bush, and he was forced to abandon it.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Parrot eventually fell into the hands of the southerners and became the most significant trophy of that day.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

A total of 16 guns were thrown near the bridge [103].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

At sunset, Beauregard's headquarters received a report that the enemy threatened the right flank of the army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The report later turned out to be false, but Beauregard ordered to stop the persecution and retreat back for Bull Run [104].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Numerous civilians who arrived from Washington this Sunday to watch the battle also witnessed the army's flight.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Among them were politicians and journalists, including Eliyahu Washburn, Senators Henry Wilson and others.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The peculiarity of this retreat, according to Hennessy, was that the most influential people in the country became not only witnesses of the disaster, but also its direct participants.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Their public speeches and publications subsequently greatly influenced public opinion.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Their experience gave rise to a suspicious attitude towards the army command among the Washington administration, the demand for control over the army and, in particular, led to the creation of the “Management Committee War”, chaired by Benjamin Wade [105].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The consequences


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Confederate President Jefferson Davis came to the battlefield in person, catching the very end of the battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He offered to organize the prosecution immediately, but both Johnston and Beauregard found it impossible.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Johnston said that the Southerners are more disorganized by victory than the Northerners by defeat.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

A few weeks later, the press began to argue about whose fault the persecution was not organized and why Washington was not taken.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Johnston and Beauregard joined the dispute, accusing each other of disrupting the offensive.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

James McPherson wrote that on July 21, the prospects for the capture of Washington were nothing more than an illusion, and all commanders were aware of this.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell had fresh reserves in Centerville, and the next morning, heavy rains made roads impassable, although poor Confederate logistics would not have allowed persecution even when the weather is nice.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Manassas warehouses in those days did not have food for the army at all [106].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

When General McDowell arrived in, he ordered General Dixon Miles to take up the defensive to allow time for the retreating army to withdraw beyond Centerville.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After that, he went to Fairfax, from where he sent one of the officers a description of the situation.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He wrote that the soldiers had abandoned their rucksacks with food supplies on the battlefield and as a result, they now had no food.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

They didn't eat anything themselves after breakfast in the morning.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Artillery ammunition has also run out.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The army is mostly a disorganized, demoralized crowd.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The commanders, he wrote, agree that it is impossible to stay on the south side of the Potomac.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He, however, hoped that the army would be able to take a position near Fairfax [107].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

toll


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In the Battle of Manassas, according to estimates by the Encyclopedia of Civil War Medicine, the Southerners lost 387 people killed, 1,582 wounded and 13 missing.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Federal Army lost 418-460 people killed, 1011-1124 people wounded and 1216-1260 people prisoners.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Official reports do not allow a more accurate assessment of losses, so the final figures differ in different sources [108].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The Virginia Encyclopedia gives almost the same figures — the losses of the North: 460 killed, 1124 wounded, 1312 captured; losses of the South: 387 killed, 1,582 wounded, 13 missing [109]


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

No one was prepared for such losses and proper care for the wounded.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In the federal army, it was assumed that each regiment would take care of its own wounded.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, the regiments often did not have the means to do this: for example, the 1st Connecticut Regiment numbered 600-700 people and only one ambulance cart and two sanitary tents.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Many ambulance wagons left the battlefield during the battle, so there was often nothing to take out the wounded.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Some lay on the field for a whole week after the battle [108].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The battle revealed serious shortcomings in the sanitation of the armies.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It became obvious that there was a need for a serious organized structure that would deal with the wounded.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Federal Army Chief Physician William King was fired and replaced by Charles Tripler.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He remained in this position until July 1862, although he could not eliminate all the shortcomings of the army medical system [110].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Ewell's dispute with Beauregard


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On July 24, 1861, General Richard Ewell issued his official report.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The next day, he learned that General Beauregard was dissatisfied with his failure to comply with the order to attack Centerville.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Outraged, Ewell wrote a letter to Beauregard, in which he described in detail all his actions during the battle and listed all the orders received, and invited Beauregard to provide a copy of the offensive order and name the courier who delivered it.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Turns out Beauregard doesn't have a copy of that order, and he doesn't even remember the courier.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

He had to give in, and he wrote to Ewell that he did not blame him for the failure in any way and would reflect it in the report.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

And yet Beauregard's report gave rise to bad rumors in society about Ewell, including accusations of treason.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was believed that it was because of Ewell that the planned offensive failed and the chance to defeat the federal army was missed [111].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Discussions on this issue broke out again in 1884 and were vigorously discussed in the press until 1891 [112].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Reasons for the Failure


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

From the very first days after the battle, disputes began about the reasons for the failure of the federal army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Such reasons were seen as poor training of officers, poor quality food or combat qualities of privates.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

General McDowell argued that the decision to send untrained troops into battle was a mistake.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Modern historians still believe that the federal army had all the conditions to win the battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

There are several main reasons for the defeat: the first and most obvious is General Patterson's inability to keep Johnston's army in the Shenandoah Valley.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Despite a triple numerical superiority, Patterson missed Johnston, allowed him to join Beauregard, and thus deprived McDowell of his numerical advantage.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

More importantly, Johnston's accession gave Beauregard a mobile reserve that he was able to transfer to a dangerous area without exposing the rest of the front.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It was Johnston's army that bore the brunt on the day of the battle: it lost 1,343 people killed and wounded, while Beauregard's brigades lost only 614 people [113].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Patterson gave Johnston the opportunity to leave, and McDowell gave him time to join Beauregard.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell spent two days on reconnaissance, which was also poorly carried out.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

It did not use cavalry, did not conduct reconnaissance in battle, did not even map the roads.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In fact, during two days of reconnaissance, the federal army did not learn anything new about the area and the enemy [114].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The third reason was the poorly prepared morning march on July 21.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The federal command had two days to study and fix the Cab Run bridge, but this was not done.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The main mistake was that McDowell sent Tyler's First Division.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

If Hunter and Heinzelman divisions were the first, they would have reached the crossings a couple of hours earlier and their chances of success would increase significantly.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Another important factor in the failure was the two-hour pause in the battle, between the capture of Matthews Hill and the beginning of the offensive on Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

If McDowell had moved straight to Henry's Hill, he would easily occupy it and completely change the course of the battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

However, his delay gave time to the Hampton regiment and then Jackson's brigade to come.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The reasons for this behavior of McDowell lie in the unusual nature of the battle itself: it was the first in that war, and no one could know what victory should be like.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

McDowell believed that the battle could be won by maneuvering alone, and the success of the battle for Matthews Hill at that time was mistaken by many for McDowell's final victory [115].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

By the beginning of the battle for Henry Hill, McDowell had a triple superiority.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The hill was stormed by 15 federal regiments, but only once more than two participated in the attack.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The rest of the time, the regiments went on the attack one by one.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This was because McDowell underestimated the enemy's strength on the hill from the very beginning, but also because McDowell lacked experience in managing the army.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

His troops were consolidated into brigades and divisions, but never did the brigade or division act as a whole.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Even William Sherman sent his brigade into battle in parts that day.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

This strategy was the hallmark of this battle [116].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Museumification


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Already in the first days after the battle, the places where certain famous people died began to be celebrated on the battlefield.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Six weeks after the battle, Bartow's private brigades erected a marble column in his honor on Henry Hill.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

After the war, the army built a granite obelisk on Henry Hill, decorated with five 200-pound shells, which was inaugurated on June 11, 1865.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In 1906, the state of New York ordered the erection of three granite monuments: in memory of the 5th New York Regiments, the 10th New York Regiments and the 14th Brooklyn Regiments.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The opening ceremony was attended by veterans from both sides.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The battlefield has quickly become a popular pilgrimage destination for individuals.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Hugh Henry, the owner of Henry's house, began tours of the battlefield and at the same time collecting historical artifacts, and soon created a private battle museum in his home.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In 1900, he published a souvenir booklet.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In 1918, visitors from 31 states were registered in its museum [117].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The initiative to create a national park on the battlefield belonged to John Carr Rond, who served in the Federal Army Signal Corps, and after the war settled in Manassas and became an ideologist unity between North and South.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On July 21, 1911, he organized the Manassas National Peace Jubilee on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The ceremony was attended by the Governor of Virginia and President Taft.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

From 1901, Rond sought funds from the US Senate to create the park and was almost successful by 1913, but the outbreak of World War I distracted the government from this task.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Rond died in 1918 [118].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

In 1921, descendants of veteran southerners created Confederation Park on Henry Hill, which was turned into a protected zone by the Roosevelt administration.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

On May 10, 1940, Manassas National Park appeared [119].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Historian Don Johnson wrote that, unfortunately, the park's information center was built right on the site where the Ricketts battery stood during the battle for Henry Hill, which prevents visitors from understanding the overall picture of the battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The entire right side of Ricketts position is now occupied by the information center, and where the center of the position was, there is now a parking lot [63].


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Notes


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

comments


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

References to sources


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Literature


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

References


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

The battle since Jackson arrived at Henry Hill


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Video, the final part of the fight.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Modern views of Bull Run.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

A site dedicated to the battle.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

General P.G. T Beauregard.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

audio recording, Public Domain, 2007.


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Category:Battles alphabetically


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Category: Battles of the American Civil War


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Category: Battles of 1861


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Category:July 21 events


Question: Who commanded the US (Union) forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Bull Run

Category: July 1861


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Tambov Oblast (unofficially Tambov region) is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, is part of the Central Federal District.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The area is 34,462 km².


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The population is 1,040,327 (2017).


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The head of the administration is Nikitin, Alexander Valeryevich (2015).


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Tambov Oblast lies in the southern part of the East European Plain, in the central part of the Oksko-Don Plain.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The most significant rivers are Tsna (Volga basin), Vorona, Bityug and others.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The climate of the Tambov region is temperate continental.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The average temperature in January is -8-9, July is +19 +20.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The average annual rainfall ranges from 450 to 550 mm.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Tambov Oblast is located in the forest-steppe zone.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Soils are typical thick chernozems, leached in the south, gray forest soils in the north.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Along the valleys and beams there are meadow-chernozem and peat-marsh.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Forests cover about 10% of the territory.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Administrative center: the city of Tambov.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

It was founded on September 27, 1937.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

She was awarded the Order of Lenin on June 22, 1967.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

It borders with Ryazan, Penza, Saratov, Voronezh and Lipetsk regions.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Geography


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Relief


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The region occupies the central part of the Oksko-Don (Tambov) Plain (up to 219 m high).


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The relief is flat, dissected by beams and ravines [1].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Minerals


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The Tsentralnoye deposit is 887 million m³ of ilmenite—rutile — zirconium sands with a 4% metal content and, possibly, an industrial gold content near the village of Nikolskoye, Rasskazovsky District.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Phosphorites, building materials, mineral paints, peat.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The most famous sand deposits are Tambovskoye, Polkovskoye [2].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Hydrography


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

About 1400 rivers, streams and streams flow through the territory of the region.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The most significant rivers are Tsna (Volga basin), Vorona, Bityug, Voronezh and Savala (Don basin).


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Water resources also include about 900 ponds and reservoirs with a total water volume of 534.5 million m³ [3].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Climate


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The climate of the Tambov region is temperate continental.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The average temperature in January is -8-9, July is +19 +20.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The average annual rainfall ranges from 450 to 550 mm.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The south-eastern regions of the region cross the Voeikov axis especially during the cold period, having a certain impact on the climate of these areas [4] [5].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Ecosystem


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Tambov Oblast is located in the forest-steppe zone [2].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Soils are typical thick chernozems, leached in the south, gray forest soils in the north.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Along the valleys and beams there are meadow-chernozem and peat-marsh.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Forests (the main species are pine, oak, maple, linden, ash, birch, aspen) occupy about 10% of the territory [2].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Wolf, elk, wild boar, brown hare, fox, ferret, rodents have been preserved.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The Voroninsky Nature Reserve is located on the territory of the Tambov Region [6].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

History


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Since the 6th century AD, including on the territory of today's Tambov Region, the Mordva-Moksha began to form as a nationality from local ethnic groups [7].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The first Russian settlers appeared here in pre-Mongol times, but the final settlement took place in the 17th century.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

To protect the borders of southern Russia from the raids of the Tatars and further development of the Chernozem region, the Russian government built the fortress cities of Kozlov (1635) and Tambov (1636).


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

They reliably blocked the main routes of nomadic raids on Russian lands and opened the opportunity for the rapid settlement of the region.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Initially, Tambov and Kozlovsky districts existed in the Tambov region.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

During the administrative reforms of Peter I in 1708 and 1719, they became part of the Azov (Voronezh) province.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

In 1779, according to a new administrative division, the Tambov governorship appeared, and since 1796, the Tambov province with an area of 66.5 thousand km² with 12 counties.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

It remained almost unchanged until 1928 [8].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

During the Civil War, the anti-Bolshevik Tambov Uprising (1920—1921) broke out in the province [9].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

On July 16, 1928, the transition to the regional, district and district administrative division took place.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

On the territory of the former Voronezh, Kursk, Oryol and Tambov provinces, the Central Chernozem Region (CCHO) was created.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Tambov became the administrative center of the Tambov District (liquidated in 1930).


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

On June 13, 1934, the Central Chernozem Oblast was divided into Kursk and Voronezh Regions.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

On September 27, 1937, an independent Tambov Region was separated from the Voronezh and Kuibyshev regions by a resolution of the Central Election Commission of the USSR.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

On January 15, 1938, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved the creation of the region [10]


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Six months later, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR confirmed this decision [11].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

When the region was formed, it included: from the Voronezh region - the cities of Tambov, Michurinsk, Algasovsky, Bondarsky, Gavrilovsky, Glazkovsky, Degtyansky, Zemetchinsky, Izberdeevsky, Inzhavinsky, Kirsanovsky, Krasivsky, Lysogorsky, Michurinsky, Morshansky, Nikiforovsky, Pichaevsky, Platonovsky, Pokrovo-Marfinsky, Rakshinsky, Rasskazovsky, Rudovsky, Sampursky, Sosedsky, Tambov, Umetsky, Khobotovsky, Yurlovsky districts, from the Kuibyshev region - the city of Penza, Bashmakovsky, Bedno-Demyanovsky, Bessonovsky, Bolshe-Vyassky, Golitsinsky, Golovinshchinsky, Gorodishchensky, Issinsky, Kamensky, Kerensky, Kondolsky, Luninsky, Mokshansky, Narovchatsky, Nizhne-Lomovsky, Pachelmsky, Poimsky, Ramzaevsky, Svishchevsky, Teleginsky, Chembarsky, Shemysheysky districts [12].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

On February 4, 1939, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Penza, Bashmakovsky, Bedno-Demyanovsky, Bessonovsky, Bolshe-Vyassky.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Golitsynsky, Golovinshchinsky, Gorodishchensky, Zemetchinsky, Issinsky, Kamensky, Kerensky, Kondolsky, Luninsky, Mokshansky, Narovchatsky, Nizhne-Lomovsky, Pachelmsky, Poimsky, Svishchevsky, Sosedsky, Teleginsky, Ternovsky, Chembarsky and Shemysheysky districts are listed as part of the newly formed Penza region [13].


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

population


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

According to the Federal State Statistics Service, the population of the region is


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Population density — people


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

/km² ().


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The urban population is% ().


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Urbanisation


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Everything and the urban population (its share) according to all-Union and all-Russian censuses [14] [15]:


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

National composition of the population


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Administrative division


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Administrative and territorial structure


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

According to the Charter of the Region and the Law “On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Tambov Region”, the constituent entity of the Russian Federation includes the following administrative-territorial entities: [19] [20]


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

7 cities of regional significance


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

23 districts, including:


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

1 city of regional significance,


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

12 councils,


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

234 village councils.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Administrative-territorial entities include 1,710 rural settlements, 12 urban-type settlements and 8 cities.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Tambov is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Municipal structure


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Within the framework of the municipal structure of the region, a total of 277 municipalities were formed within the boundaries of the administrative-territorial entities of the Tambov Region (as of January 1, 2016) [21] [22]


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

7 urban districts


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

23 municipal districts, including:


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

13 urban settlements


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

234 rural settlements.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Cities of regional significance (urban districts) and districts (municipal districts)


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

No. Emblem/


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

FlagnameAdministrative


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

CenterSquare, [23]


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

pers.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

density


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

population,


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

pers.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Kirsanovg said.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

KirsanovIIG.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Kotovskg.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

KotovskiIIIg.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Michurinskg.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

MichurinskiVG.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Morshanskg.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

MorshanskVG.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The storyteller.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

StorytellersVig.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Tambovg.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

TambovVIIG.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Uvarovog.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Uvarovo1Bondarsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Bondari1 2549.52Gavrilovsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Gavrilovka 2-Ya99511,03Zherdevsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Zherdevka1 39720,34Znamensky district village of Znamenka1 10216,05Inzhavinsky district village Inzhavino1 83511.46Kirsanovsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Kirsanov1 30815,57Michurinsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Michurinsk1 65520,48Mordovsky district village Mordovo1 45512,09Morshansky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Morshansk2 88010,910Muchkapsky district village Muchkapsky1 18111,711Nikiforovsky district village Dmitrievka1 19215,512Pervomaisky district village Pervomaiskiy94129,413Petrovsky districts.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Petrovskoe1 7799.814Pichaevsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Pichaevo1 29410,415Rasskazovsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Rasskazovo1 80211.816Rzhaksinsky district village Rzhaksa1 41511,817Sampursky rayonpos.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Satinka1 00812,818Sosnovsky district village Sosnovka2 38212,419Staroyuryevsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Staroyuryevo1 00813,220Tambovsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Tambov2 63240.021Tokaryovsky district village Tokaryovka1 43411.622Uvarovsky district.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Uvarovo1 1419,023Umetsky district village Umet1 09710.0


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Populated localities


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Settlements with a population of more than 5 thousand people


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

TambovMichurinskrasskazovomorshanskkotovskovostroitelKirsanov


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

ZherdevkaPervomaiskiyInzhavinosnovkaDmitrievkatokarevkamuchkapskyZnamenka


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

MordovostaroYuryevozaVoronezhskoyepetrovskoePokrovo-subgorodnoenovaya Lyada


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Authority


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The head of the Tambov Region Administration is Alexander Valeryevich Nikitin.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Elected to the post of head of the administration of the Tambov region on September 13, 2015.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

On September 18, 2016, elections to the regional Duma were held.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Twenty-five seats were distributed on party lists and another 25 in single-member constituencies.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

United Russia won 44 seats out of 50


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

KPRF — 3 seats


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

LDPR — 1st place


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

A Just Russia — 1st place


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Homeland — 1st place.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Economics


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The industry of the Tambov region, which is one of the leading sectors of the regional economy, and largely determines the socio-economic situation, is represented by extractive and manufacturing industries, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

In the structure of gross value added, industry accounted for 13.9% in 2011.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

On the territory of the region, more than 1.7 thousand enterprises [24] and industries carry out industrial production.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

It employs 16% of the average annual number employed in the economy.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

They account for a third of the total turnover of enterprises and organizations of the region, 13.2% of the value of fixed assets; they also provide almost a third of tax revenues to the budget system.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The specifics and importance of industrial production in the region are largely determined by manufacturing industries.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The dynamic development of manufacturing industries has a positive impact on the development of competition, the saturation of the commodity market with products and services, the creation of new jobs and the reduction of tension on labor market.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The dynamics of the development of manufacturing industries in the region is mainly determined by six types of economic activity, which in 2012 accounted for more than 88% of the total volume of goods shipped own production, works and services performed in-house: production of food products, including beverages, and tobacco (46.3%), production of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment (13.0%), production of machinery and equipment (7.7%), production of vehicles and equipment (8.8%), chemical production (6.2%), production of other non-metallic mineral products (6.2%).


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Some types of products manufactured in the region occupy a significant share in the total Russian production.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

Thus, in 2012, the region produced 23.2% of the total Russian production of organic synthetic dyes and colored (pigment) varnishes; 17.2% of non-woven materials; 11.4% of wooden houses factory-made; mineral slag and cotton wool — 11.9%; chrome leather goods — 2.3%, finished woolen fabrics — 7.5%, granulated sugar from all types of raw materials — 8.7%; ethyl alcohol from food raw materials — 6.5%, vegetable oil — 2.0%; cheeses and cheese products — 2.3%, meat and poultry food products — 2.6%.


Question: What is the administrative center of Tambov Oblast?

Tambovskaya Oblast

The agro-industrial complex and its basic branch — agriculture — is the leading sector of the region's economy, its share in GRP is about 16%.