Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Links to Other Religions


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism has a common origin and common features in texts and creeds with Hinduism, as well as with Indo-European paganism.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

It had a significant impact on the formation of Christianity, as well as Manichaeism and Yezidism; Judaism and Islam also experienced some influence of Zoroastrianism.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The Christian Gospels mention an episode of “the worship of the Magi” (most likely religious sages and astronomers).


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

They are considered to be Zoroastrians.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The three kings — Caspar, Melchior and Balthazar (Greek: muğoi, magicians) — accepted in Western European tradition are the names of magicians (Magi) who brought baby Jesus gifts for Christmas (worship of the Magi).


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The Magi is a Slavic word used in translations into Russian.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

In the Gospel original is Greek: muğoi.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

In ancient literature, there are mainly two meanings of this term: people belonging to Persian (Zoroastrian) priests, and Babylonian astrology priests as a special professional group (magicians)


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

In addition, Zoroastrianism, as well as Judaism, and Christianity lacks the idea of cyclicity — time goes in a straight line from the creation of the world to the final victory over evil, no recurring world periods No.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The holiday of Navruz [23], perceived by some Muslim peoples from Zoroastrianism, has become a national holiday in Kazakhstan (Nauryz), Kyrgyzstan (Nooruz), Azerbaijan (Novruz), Tajikistan (Navruz), Uzbekistan (Navruz), Turkmenistan, and some republics of the Russian Federation [24].


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

According to the Russian Iranian scholar V. AND. Abaev, a small group of followers of Zarathushtra's teachings contributed to its spread among the Altaians.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Subsequently, this led to the emergence of the Turkic monotheistic religion — Tengrianism [25].


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Current situation


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Currently, Zoroastrian communities have been preserved in Iran (gebras) and India (Parses), and as a result of emigration from both countries, communities have been formed primarily in the United States and Western Europe.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

In the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, there is a community of traditional Zoroastrians who call their religion in Russian the word “blessing”, and the Zoroastrian community of St. Petersburg [26].


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

According to official data as of 2012, the approximate number of adherents of Zoroastrianism in the world is less than 100,000 people, about 70,000 of whom are in India [27].


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

2003 was declared by UNESCO as the year of the 3000th anniversary of Zoroastrian culture.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrians in Iran


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

See main article Zoroastrians in Iran


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

By the 14th century, only communities in the provinces of Yazd and Kerman remained of all the numerous Zoroastrian communities of Iran that existed in the early Islamic times.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrians in Iran have been discriminated against for more than a millennium, and mass massacres and forced conversion to Islam were not uncommon.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

It was only in modern times that they were spared jizia and received some freedom and equality.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Taking advantage of this, the Zoroastrians of Iran began to move to other cities, and now the main Anjoman is the Zoroastrian community of Tehran.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Nevertheless, the city of Yazd, in the vicinity of which Zoroastrian villages are still preserved, is still recognized as the spiritual center of Zoroastrianism.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Today, the Zoroastrians of Iran are a state-recognized religious minority with one representative in the country's parliament (Majlis).


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrians in India


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism is one of the few but extremely important religions common in modern India, as well as in Pakistan and Sri Lanka.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Most people who profess Zoroastrianism call themselves Parsi.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The Parses are descendants of ancient Zoroastrian Persians who fled from Islamic oppression in the 9th century. However, then, apparently, representatives of local communities joined their ranks.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The total number of Zoroastrians in India is more than 100,000 people, or about 0.009% of the Indian population.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

In the past, the main area of their settlement was Gujarat, where the oldest fire temples have been preserved.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Today, the main concentration area is the Indian city of Mumbai.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Diaspora


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Parsian emigration from India has long been timed to coincide with Great Britain and its colonies (Yemen, Hong Kong).


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The emigration of Iranian Zoroastrians is traditionally associated with Western Europe.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Emigration to the United States is also important for both communities.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

In exile, the Parses and Iranian Zoroastrians as a whole still remain isolated from each other and do not seek to merge, although there are general Zoroastrian movements seeking to overcome ethnic split.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

In their new places of residence, Zoroastrians are trying to arrange their religious life by founding Dar-e Mehr (Dadagh lights).


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The only temple with Adorian fire is Atashkade in London.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Proselytes


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrian proselytes are known in the United States, Europe and Australia.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

They are primarily Iranian emigrants who are disillusioned with Islam, but there are also people of European origin who convert to religion at the call of their hearts.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

In the CIS, interest in Zoroastrianism is primarily shown by residents of states with Iranian heritage: Azerbaijan (see also the article “Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan”), Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The relatively massive Zoroastrian community of neophytes in Tajikistan, formed in the 1990s, was destroyed during the crisis that absorbed the state due to the hostility of the Islamists.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

In Russia, there are communities of newly initiated Zoroastrians who call their religion good faith in accordance with the ancient self-name of religion translated into Russian, as well as groups of Zervanites and Zoroastrians of Mazdayasnians [26].


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

See also


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Ancient Iranian religion in ancient sources


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrian population by country


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Manichaeism


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zurvanism


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Mazdakism


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Mazdaism


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Kaaba Zoroaster


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Notes


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Literature


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Boyce M. Zoroastrians.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Beliefs and customs.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

M.: Main editorial office of oriental literature of the publishing house “Nauka”, 1988.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Avesta in Russian translations.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

AND. IN. Cancer, 1997


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrian mythology.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

AND. IN. Cancer, 1998


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The catechism of Zoroastrianism.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The ancient religion of magicians.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

John W. Waterhouse, 2002


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Gata.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The sacred hymns of Zarathustra.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

YU.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

S. Lukashevich, Minsk 2004


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The Pahlavi Dictionary of Zoroastrian Terms.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

O. M. Chunakov, 2004


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

IN. YU.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Kryukova, 2005


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Avesta.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

IN. S. Sokolova, 2005


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Mamedov A. A. Religious and philosophical ideas of Avesta.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Moscow, Moscow State University, 1995


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Mamedov A. A. The humanistic resource of Zoroastrianism in the modern world.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Bulletin of the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

2011, No. 1.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Mamedov A. A., Orishev A. B.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

, Shipovskaya L. P. Zoroastrianism: the formation of religious consciousness.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Fundamental research.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

2014, No. 9-5.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Jorde Avesta.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

M. Chistyakov, 2005


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The teaching of fire.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Gata and prayers.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

A. Shaposhnikov and I. Evsa, 2006


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Avesta.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

The law against virgins.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Videvdad.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

E.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

IN. Rtveladze, 2008


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Zarathustra gata.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

AND. M. Steblin-Kamensky, 2009


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Kulke, Eckehard: The Parsees in India: a minority as agent of social change.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

München: Weltforum-Verlag (= Studien zur Entwicklung und Politik 3), ISBN 3-8039-0070-0


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Ervad Sheriarji Dadabhai Bharucha: A Brief sketch of the Zoroastrian Religion and Customs


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Dastur Khurshed S. Dabu: A Handbook on Information on Zoroastrianism


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Dastur Khurshed S. Dabu: Zarathustra an his Teachings A Manual for Young Students


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Jivanji Jamshedji Modi: The Religious System of the Parsis


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

R.P. Masani: The religion of the good life Zoroastrianism


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

P.P. Balsara: Highlights of Parsi History


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Maneckji Nusservanji Dhalla: History of Zoroastrianism; dritte Auflage 1994, 525 p, K.R. Cama, Oriental Institute, Bombay


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Dr.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Ervad Dr.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Ramiyar Parvez Karanjia: Zoroastrian Religion & Ancient Iranian Art


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Adil F. Rangoonwalla: Five Niyaeshes, 2004, 341 p.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Aspandyar Sohrab Gotla: Guide to Zarthostrian Historical Places in Iran


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

J.C. Tavadia: The Zoroastrian Religion in the Avesta, 1999


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

S.J. Bulsara: The Laws of the Ancient Persians as found in the “Matikan E Hazar Datastan” or “The Digest of a Thousand Points of Law”, 1999


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

M. N. Dhalla: Zoroastrian Civilization 2000


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Marazban J. Giara: Global Directory of Zoroastrian Fire Temples, 2. Auflage, 2002, 240 p, 1


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

D.F. Karaka: History of The Parsis including their manners, customs, religion and present position, 350 p, illus.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Piloo Nanavatty: The Gathas of Zarathushtra, 1999, 73 p, (illus.)


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Roshan Rivetna: The Legacy of Zarathushtra, 96 p, (illus.)


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Dr.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Sir Jivanji J. Modi: The Religious Ceremonies and Customs of The Parsees, 550 Seiten


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Mani Kamerkar, Soonu Dhunjisha: From the Iranian Plateau to the Shores of Gujarat, 2002, 220 p


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

I.J.S. Taraporewala: The Religion of Zarathushtra, 357 p


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Jivanji Jamshedji Modi: A Few Events in The Early History of the Parsis and Their Dates, 2004, 114 p


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Dr.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Irach J. S.Taraporewala: Zoroastrian Daily Prayers, 250 p


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Adil F.Rangoonwalla: Zoroastrian Etiquette, 2003, 56 p


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Rustom C Chothia: Zoroastrian Religion Most Frequently Asked Questions, 2002, 44 p


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

References


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Encyclopedic


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Bibliography


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

SPb. -M.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

, 1998.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

— Local and syncretic cults.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

M., Nauka Publ., 1991


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Modern communities


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

— official website of Russian Anjoman.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

— Zoroastrian community of St. Petersburg.


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism


Question: When did Zoroastrianism come about?

Zoroastrianism

Category:Zarathushtra


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Yuzhno-Kurilsk (until 1946 - Furukamappu, Ainu: Furukamappu, Japanese:) is an urban-type settlement located on Kunashir Island (in the south of the Kuril Islands), on the shore of the South Kuril Strait.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The administrative center of the Yuzhno-Kurilsky urban district of Sakhalin Oblast of Russia.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Population — people


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

History


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Mastering Kunashir


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The history of the village is connected with the history of the Kuril Islands as a whole.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

In Russia, the Kuril Islands first became known after the campaigns of Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin and his associates, after which Nekhoroshko Ivanovich Kolobov in 1646 talked about the Ainu - local residents of the Kuril Islands, as well as Vladimir Vasilyevich Atlasov's campaign in 1697


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

After that, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and Hokkaido are jointly developed by Russians and Japanese.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

By the end of the XVIII century, Russian settlements of exiles and volunteers appeared in the Kuril Islands.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Also, along with the settlements of the Ainu (“shaggy”), Japanese trading posts and fortified points with military garrisons were founded.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

In 1769, centurion Ivan Cherny received news that the Japanese lived in Kunashir, where they had a city with a fortress and a permanent garrison on their far shoulder blade.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Ainu settlement


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Weakened by the Crimean War, in 1855 Russia signs the Shimoda Treatise and gives Japan part of the South Kuriles, including Kunashir Island.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The predecessor of Yuzhno-Kurilsk, the Ainu village of Furukamappu, which means “a place of trade and exchange” in Ainu, was located in the northeastern corner of the bay of the same name.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

There were 50 houses in the village, along with the adjacent villages of Okinokotan and Isoyanbetsu.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

There was a post office with a telegraph and shops.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

During the Japanese administration (1855—1945), other settlements were established on the island.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Establishment of the village


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Kunashir was occupied by Soviet troops on September 1, 1945 as a result of the Kuril amphibious operation.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

A company of the assault rifle battalion of the 113th Rifle Brigade of the 87th Rifle Corps of the 2nd Far Eastern Front landed near Furukamappu, and the commander of the Japanese battalion was waiting for them on the shore with a white flag: the garrison stationed there surrendered without a fight.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

On February 2, 1946, the island was included in the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (now Sakhalin) Oblast of the USSR, a Russian settlement was founded, the name of which - Yuzhno-Kurilsk - was given by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of June 5, 1946.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

From the 113th Rifle Brigade, the first apparatus of the South Kuril City Executive Committee and all civil authorities was staffed on the island.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The first chairman of the district executive committee was the commander of the artillery division battery Captain Babuhadia.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

After the liberation [1], active construction began by the Soviet military and Japanese prisoners of war, who were kept in a separate camp on Kunashir.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The Japanese were fed the same ration as Soviet soldiers.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Prisoners wore their uniforms with insignia, were divided into platoons and companies with their commanders at the head, marched in formation, strictly observed discipline and order in accordance with the regulations of the Japanese army (if this did not harm the Soviet side).


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

By decision of the Soviet government, the entire Japanese population in the summer of 1947 was resettled from the Kuril Islands to Japan, to Hokkaido.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

By that time, many immigrants and seasonal workers from different regions of the Soviet Union arrived in the Kuril Islands.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The fisheries of Kunashir and Shikotan began to increase their production and increase returns.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

After the tsunami of 1953, Yuzhno-Kurilsk and many utilities were rebuilt at a level about 30 m above the previous one and were called the “new district”.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

After the 1994 earthquake on the high seas east of Hokkaido caused great damage to new buildings, houses and other houses were rebuilt in their new location.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Modernity


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

After a period of uncertainty and decline in the 1990s, largely caused by talk about the transfer of the southern Kuril Islands to Japan, Yuzhno-Kurilsk is gradually beginning to revive.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The federal program for the development of the Kuril Islands [2] involves significant investments in the airport, roads and other facilities on the island.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

On November 1, 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev arrived in Yuzhno-Kurilsk for the first time.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The visit was dedicated to the social and economic development of the islands.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The Head of State visited the South Kuril fish processing plant, a berthing complex under construction in the waters of Yuzhnokurilskaya Bay and a kindergarten for 110 children for the needs of Yuzhno-Kurilsk, as well as an operating geothermal a station on the outskirts of the village and a number of other Kunashir facilities, and promised to invest in this region of the country and improve living conditions and demographic situation on the islands [3] [4].


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

On September 11, 2011, Nikolai Patrushev, Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, held a meeting in Yuzhno-Kurilsk with the leadership of the Sakhalin Oblast, where they discussed issues of ensuring the security of the region, construction of civil and border infrastructure facilities, considered security issues during the construction and operation of the port berthing complex in Yuzhno-Kurilsk and reconstruction Mendeleevo Airport [5].


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Physical and geographical characteristics


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The Yuzhno-Kurilsky urban district belongs to the regions of the Far North.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The municipality is located on Kunashir Island of the Great Kuril Ridge and the islands of the Small Kuril Ridge.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The district has preserved untouched nature with unique representatives of flora and fauna, but the development of tourism is hampered by poor infrastructure and the remoteness of the area from civilization.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

There are plans to attract tourists [6].


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The Yuzhno-Kurilsky Urban District has, in the north, maritime borders with the Kuril Urban District, and in the south it borders Japan by sea.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The settlement is located in an earthquake-prone area.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The probability of strong earthquakes is quite high.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Currently, construction is carried out using special technologies that allow buildings to withstand earthquakes up to 8 points on the MSK-64 scale.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Administrative structure


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Yuzhno-Kurilsk forms the Yuzhno-Kurilsky Urban District, which includes the village of Yuzhno-Kurilsk and the villages of Otrada, Dubovoye, Golovnino, Mendeleevo, Lagunnoye, Krabozavodskoye, Malokurilskoye.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The area of the district is 1856.09 km².


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Time zone


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Yuzhno-Kurilsk, like the entire Sakhalin Oblast, is located in the time zone designated by the international standard as Srednekolymsky Time [7].


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The offset from UTC is + 11:00 (from October 26, 2014 to March 27, 2016 it was + 10:00).


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Relative to Moscow time, the time zone has a constant offset of +8 hours and is designated in Russia, respectively, as MSK+8.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

population


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The urban-type settlement Yuzhno-Kurilsk is the largest settlement on the Kuril Islands.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

National composition


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

According to the 2002 census, the permanent population of the village was 5,751 people, 80.3% of whom were Russians, 8.2% were Ukrainians, 1.2% were Tatars, 1.1% were Belarusians, 1.0% were Kazakhs, 8.2% were others [8].


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

There are also small diasporas of the peoples of the Caucasus [9] [10].


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

sights


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The Orthodox Church of the Life-Giving Trinity was built in 1999.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

It was dismantled in 2011 and a new church was built in its place.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The Orthodox Church in the name of All Saints Who Shone in the Russian Land is located in the building of a former cinema.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Yuzhno-Kurilsky District House of Culture


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

South Kuril Central District Library named after A.K.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Mandrika


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

South Kuril Museum of Local Lore.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The Neolithic site of ancient man on the left bank of the Alekhine River (2000 BC).


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

An obelisk monument in honor of the liberation of the island, which says: “In September 1945, a landing of Soviet troops landed in this area. Historical justice was restored: the original Russian lands — the Kuril Islands — were liberated from Japanese militarists and forever reunited with the Mother Motherland — Russia.”


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The surroundings of the village and the entire district as a whole are known for its rich nature, volcanoes, lakes, thermal hot springs (Goryachy Beach, etc.) and other natural attractions.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Devil's finger located in p. Otradnoye.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Stolbchatyy Cape, included in the UNESCO list of cultural heritage sites


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Industry


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The village is mainly engaged in the extraction and processing of fish.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

There are medium-sized fish processing and fishing enterprises of PKF Yuzhno-Kurilsky Fish Processing Plant LLC and Delta LLC, as well as several smaller enterprises: Priliv LLC, Sandy LLC, etc.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Energia Yuzhno-Kurilskaya CJSC and Yuzhno-Kuril Electric Networks Municipal Unitary Enterprise are building and operating the Mendeleev GeoTPP with a capacity of 1.8 MW (up to 3.4 MW in the future), and a heat supply station GTS-700 (with a thermal capacity of 17 Gcal/h or 20 MW).


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

In the future, it is planned to completely transfer Yuzhno-Kurilsk to geothermal heat supply and abandon expensive imports of coal and diesel fuel.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Kuril Mining and Geological Company OJSC, located in Yuzhno-Kurilsk, is engaged in geological exploration and extraction of precious metals at gold ore facilities in the Sakhalin Oblast.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Transportation


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Regular flights on the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk-Yuzhno-Kurilsk flight are carried out by Aurora Airlines to Mendeleevo Airport, located 15.5 km south-west of Yuzhno-Kurilsk.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Flights are scheduled four times a week in winter and five times a week in summer by Bombardier Dash-8 aircraft.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The duration of the flight is 1 hour 20 minutes. Flights are often delayed or canceled due to weather and technical conditions.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Sea passenger and cargo flights between Sakhalin and Yuzhno-Kurilsk are carried out by Sakhalin-Kuriles on the motor ships Igor Farkhutdinov and Polaris.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Passengers and cargo are handled at the pier built in 2011 as part of the federal target program “Social and Economic Development of the Kuril Islands (Sakhalin Oblast) for 2007— 2015 years”.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The new building of the marine terminal is scheduled to be commissioned in 2013.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The municipal unitary enterprise Yuzhno-Kurilsky Docker carries out sea transportation of passengers and goods between the islands of Kunashir and Shikotan on the ships Nadezhda and Druzhba.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Cargo communication with Vladivostok is maintained by Quinta by the Burlak and Rice vessels, every ten days.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

On January 12, 2016, for the first time in the history of the village and the island, public transport began operating: seven bus routes [11].


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

All of them are suburban and are serviced by PAZ buses owned by Garantia LLC.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Communication


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Five-digit landline phone numbers.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The main fixed-line telephony operator is the Sakhalin branch of OJSC Rostelecom.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

There are three WCDMA (3G) mobile operators in the city: MegaFon, MTS and Beeline.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Climate


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The climate of Yuzhno-Kurilsk is monsoon.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

This is one of the least contrasting settlements in Russia in terms of annual temperature fluctuations.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Due to the influence of the Pacific Ocean, August and September are the warmest months, and July is only the third.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

At the same time, October is warmer than June.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Winter is much milder than at the same latitudes on the mainland (but summer is noticeably cooler), the coldest month is February.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

From May, there is a monsoon that lasts until December with a peak in September.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Yuzhno-Kurilsk is equated to the regions of the Far North, although the average annual temperature is higher than some areas of Central Russia.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The average annual temperature is +5.1°C.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The average annual wind speed is 4.9 m/s.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

The average annual air humidity is 82%.


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

See also


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Notes


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

References


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Check date values in: |date= (help)


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk


Question: What is the city of Tapa on the shore?

Yuzhno-Kurilsk

Category:Renamed settlements in Russia


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

“Only Old Men Are Going to Battle” is a 1973 Soviet feature film directed by Leonid Bykov, which tells about the everyday life of fighter pilots during the Great Patriotic War.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Released in 1974, the film grossed 44.3 million.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

moviegoers, becoming the fourth at the box office and the only one in the top ten highest-grossing films of that year dedicated to the theme of the Great Patriotic War.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The film, directing and acting were also awarded awards at republican and international film festivals.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Many phrases of the characters of the film were quoted, becoming part of Soviet and post-Soviet folklore.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Monuments to the heroes of the film, Captain Titarenko and mechanic Makarich, were erected in Kiev and Kharkov, respectively.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The plot


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The film begins at the end of the summer of 1943 during the Battle of the Dnieper.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Fighter pilots of the second squadron of the Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment are returning from combat sortie.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Only its commander, Hero of the Soviet Union Guard Captain Titarenko, nicknamed “Maestro”, is missing.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

When everyone, except his mechanic Makarich, stopped waiting, because the fuel in the tanks ran out more than forty minutes ago, the Messerschmitt, piloted by Titarenko, landed on the airfield.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

He was indeed shot down behind the front line, but the infantry attacking at that time rescued the pilot, and at the jump airfield he was presented with a trophy.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The next day, the newly arrived replenishment is distributed to the regiment by squadrons.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Several newcomers, including Lieutenant Alexandrov and junior lieutenants Shchedronov and Sagdullayev, are asking to join the famous second squadron.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Titarenko asks everyone about their musical talents: the second squadron is known as “Singing” and after combat work turns into an amateur orchestra, where Titarenko acts as a conductor.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Shchedronov hums the song “Smuglyanka” and receives the corresponding nickname.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

As soon as they got acquainted with the replenishment, “old people” with the words “Enough for your lifetime!” fly to intercept a large group of German bombers.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Newcomers are not taken into battle right away: at the Orenburg Flight School, they were trained according to an accelerated program, and they still have to finish learning how to fly and learn to fight.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Everyone returns to the airfield, but the Maestro is angry: this is not the first time his wingman, Senior Lieutenant Skvortsov, left the battle without an order.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

After a serious conversation, it turns out that after Skvortsov collided with a German fighter in a frontal attack during the Battle of Kursk over Ponyry and only miraculously survived himself, led by Maestro subconsciously afraid of a fight.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Skvortsov asks to write him off from aviation, but Titarenko burns his report, giving a friend a chance to correct the situation.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In between flights, the second squadron rehearses musical numbers.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Even Alexandrov, who is disgusted with music, undertakes to perform the part of a tambourine, and soon begins to lead rehearsals instead of a komesk.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Newcomers are starting to fly.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

After Alexandrov crashes the plane during landing, the commander scolds it, but Alexandrov goes to catch grasshoppers as if nothing had happened.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Titarenko suspends Alexandrov from flights for an indefinite time (“Appoint duty, eternal duty officer at the airfield!”).


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Alexandrov is firmly nicknamed “Grasshopper”.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Titarenko on the captured Messerschmitt flies away for reconnaissance.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In his absence at the airfield, an emergency landing is made by a light night bomber, a U-2 biplane, piloted by pilots Zoya and Masha.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Sagdullayev falls in love with Masha at first sight and receives the nickname “Romeo” from his comrades.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Maestro, who returned from reconnaissance, confirms the information of the guerrillas about a large group of German tanks.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

When the replenishment (except Grasshopper) was ready for the first battle, Titarenko goes for re-reconnaissance (the Germans disguised their tanks as shocks and sheds), but on the way back he is shot down.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Infantrymen soldiers who mistook Titarenko for a German who liked to shoot at the medical battalion give him a “hot meeting”, but they understand in time that the fascist would not give back to the Soviet who beat him soldiers.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Returning to the regiment on a horse, Titarenko learns from Makarich that Smuglyanka died.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

With his host, he worked out flying in pairs and was shot down by German “diamonds” Fokkers over the airfield.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

After a while, Romeo confesses his love to Masha.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Titarenko joins the CPSU (b) and receives a party order: by personal example, to show the young replenishment that Goering's “diamonds” aces can also be successfully shot down.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The maestro calls the Germans to an exhibition “knightly duel”.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

He takes Skvortsov as a wingman and at the same time conducts a “pedagogical” experiment: at the very beginning of the battle, he reports that the weapon has failed.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Helping out his friend, Skvortsov for the first time in a long time overcomes his fear and even shoots down a German plane.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In the evening of the same day, the Germans raid the airfield, during which Grasshopper, suspended from flights, takes off without permission, moreover, on a Titarenko plane, and wins his first air victory saving the regiment.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The squadron is giving another concert, to which it also invites pilots whose regiment is stationed nearby.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Sergei Skvortsov sings the song “Nich Yaka Misyachna”, and in one of the next sorties he makes a “fire ram” — he directs his burning plane at enemy railway trains shouting: “Guys! We'll live!”


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

It's been a while.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The territory of the Soviet Union is almost liberated.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Only “old men” are going into battle again, but among them are Romeo, a senior lieutenant and led by the Maestro, and Grasshopper, a senior lieutenant and commander of the second squadron, and Titarenko himself, with the rank of major, is already in command regiment.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Fifteen minutes before the construction of the regiment before the combat flight, Romeo appeals to the commander with a request to allow him to marry, since both he and Masha can be shot down at any time.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Titarenko does not hesitate to give permission and half-jokingly scolds the wingman for the lack of a tablet (the resolution on the report with a request has to be imposed on a soccer ball), as he was once scolded Titarenko.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

New “yellowheads” remain on the ground waiting for the return of their older comrades.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Romeo returns seriously wounded from another battle, but dies after landing the plane.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

When Maestro, Makarich and Grasshopper come to the airfield of the women's regiment to tell Masha this news, they find out that the regiment has flown away, and Masha and her partner Zoya also died.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Makarich and Titarenko sit at the grave of the girls and promise to return here when the war is over to sing “Smuglyanka” again from beginning to end.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

At the end of the film, there are credits “Dedicated to those who did not return from sorties” and the song “For that guy” performed by Lev Leshchenko sounds.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Cast


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Leonid Bykov — captain (later major) Alexey Titarenko (aka Maestro)


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Sergei Podgorny — Junior Lieutenant Viktor Shchedronov (aka “Smuglyanka”)


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Sergei Ivanov — Lieutenant (later Senior Lieutenant) Alexandrov (aka “Grasshopper”)


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Rustam Sagdullayev — Junior (later Senior) Lieutenant Sagdullayev (aka Romeo)


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Evgenia Simonova — Masha Popova


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Olga Mateshko — captain Zoya Molchanova


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Vladimir Talashko — Senior Lieutenant Sergei Skvortsov


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Viktor Miroshnichenko — Major Ivan Yermakov, Regiment Commander


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Alexey Smirnov — mechanic Makarich


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Alim Fedorinsky — Alyabyev


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Vano Yantbelidze — Lieutenant (later Captain) Vano Kobakhidze


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Alexander Nemchenko: Ivan Fedorovich


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Vilory Pashchenko — Vorobyov


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Yuri Sarantsev - Vasily Vasilyevich, Air Division Commander


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Valentin Makarov — Regiment Chief of Staff


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Leonid Marchenko — Petya Savchuk, 1st Squadron Pilot


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Boris Boldyrevsky — Sagdullayev's mechanic


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Ivan Reutov — Sergey Skvortsov's mechanic


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Sergey Zayonts — episode


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Grigory Gladiy — Alexandrov's technician


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Valentin Grudinin — Colonel


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Dmitry Mirgorodsky — infantry commander


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Vladimir Volkov — Secretary of the Party Organization of the Regiment


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Viktor Stepanenko — episode


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Vladimir Brodsky — Kolosov


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Anatoly Yurchenko — Solomatin


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Alexander Milyutin — 1st Squadron Pilot


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

G. Pishchikov — episode


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Stepan Fuchko — episode


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

A. Kowalski — episode


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Ivan Bondar — chef


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Vladimir Olekseyenko is an elderly soldier


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Not credited


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

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Anatoly Mateshko is a young pilot


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Evgeny Zhelo — episode


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Fedor Ishchenko — episode


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Are Going to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Serafim Strelkov — episode


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The film crew


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Only “old men” are going to battle

Script writers:


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Leonid Bykov


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Yevgeny Onopriyenko


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Aleksandr Satsky


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Director: Bykov, Leonid Fedorovich


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Director of photography: Voytenko, Vladimir Grigoryevich


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Production designer: Georgy Prokopets


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Chief Consultant: Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, Lieutenant General of Aviation [1] S. AND. Kharlamov


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Making a movie


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Scenario


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Leonid Bykov dreamed of becoming a pilot when he was young, but due to his assigned age and short stature (at that time — 163 cm), he was not admitted to the flight school [2].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

After Bykov moved from Leningrad to Kiev in the early 1970s, he decided to shoot his first film in a new location about military pilots.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In collaboration with two screenwriters — Yevgeny Onoprienko and Alexander Satsky — he wrote a script based on true events (but with frequent use in art of the method of “artistic synthesis”, bringing into a single whole these events, which in reality took place separately) during the Great Patriotic War.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

During his work, Bykov consulted with a large number of veterans, as a result of which many characters received real prototypes.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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For example, several people became the prototype of the commander of the guard squadron Captain Titarenko: twice Hero of the Soviet Union Vitaly Popkov [3], Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Laveykin, and the surname Titarenko and the call sign “Maestro” were taken by Bykov after he learned about Dmitry Titorenko, led three times by Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Kozhedub, whose biography episodes were included in the film.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Vano also appeared in the script - in memory of Kozhedub's front-line friend and first direct commander (leading the pair) at the front, the brave Georgian pilot Junior Lieutenant Vano Gabunia, heroically killed in the ramming of a German Me-109 fighter [4].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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It is believed that the prototype of the Smuglyanka was Viktor Shchevronok, a childhood friend of Leonid Bykov, with whom they entered the flight school together, and who died in April 1945 during the liberation of Czechoslovakia [5] .


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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But Viktor Mikhailovich Shchedranov (not “Shchevronok” or “Shchedronov”) died on April 17, 1945.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

He died as a cavalryman - guard Cossack of the 42nd Guards Cossack Cavalry Regiment of the 10th Guards Cavalry Kuban-Slutsk Red Banner Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky divisions.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In the report on the losses, the address of his mother in Kramatorsk is indicated in the same (the Bykovs lived in house No. 130, apartment No. 8).


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The prototype of Zoya was Hero of the Soviet Union Nadezhda Popova, deputy squadron commander of the 46th Guards Women's Night Bomber Regiment.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The scene of meeting girls, when pilots were surprised to find that guests had more orders and medals than they did, really took place.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Unlike her heroine, Nadezhda Popova went through the whole war and later married Hero of the Soviet Union Semyon Kharlamov, who acted as the main consultant of the film [6].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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In addition to Titarenko, Vitaly Popkov became the prototype of Lieutenant Alexandrov (The Grasshopper).


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The commander once suspended the future twice Hero of the Soviet Union from flights for three months: the pilot wrote excessively low turns over the airfield in order to show off in front of the girls [6].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

For the image of Grasshopper, episodes from the memoirs of twice Hero of the Soviet Union Sergei Lugansky “On deep turns” were also borrowed: about the order with the phrase “to suspend flights, not to give a hundred grams, appoint duty, eternal duty officer”, as well as about the downed enemy plane during a sudden German raid.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The memoirs of twice Hero of the Soviet Union Arseny Vorozheikin, twice Hero of the Soviet Union Vladimir Lavrinenkov and Honored Pilot of the USSR Anatoly Ivanov were also used in the script [7].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Bykov wrote the script, trying not to depart too much from real events.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Thus, the “singing” squadron really existed in the 5th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, and it was there that Popkov served.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The “singing” squadron was named because it had its own choir, and two aircraft were presented to the front by the Leonid Utyosov Orchestra.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In addition to the fact that 11 out of 14 pilots of the squadron were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for their courage and heroism in battles, much attention was paid to cultural life.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In the liberated territories, the choir gave very popular concerts, and in 1944, in Kramatorsk, Leonid Bykov attended one of these as a teenager.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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On that day, local teenagers thanked the pilots with their own concert, and Bykov was part of the choir.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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In the late 1960s, Bykov found Popkov and asked permission to make a film about the “singing” squadron [8].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Many other details of the script were also taken from life.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The drawing of the staff on the fuselage of the Maestro fighter was made by analogy with the IL-2 attack aircraft Vasily Emelianenko.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

There was also a tragic love story of an Uzbek pilot (real name is Marisaev) and a Russian girl (unlike her heroine, she was not a pilot and died in the bombing of the dining room), a habit the mechanics of baptizing planes before departure, the Maestro being captured by his own and the phrase “I, Comrade Commander, would shoot down even more Krauts, but you frightened all the Krauts with your underwear” [5] [8].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Veterans of a special separate 434th Fighter Regiment claimed that an episode from the film when Titarenko returns to the regiment after a battle not by plane, but on a horse (“waved without looking!”) — taken from real life: Alexander Alexandrov, a pilot from their regiment, was shot down near Stalingrad and returned on horseback at night.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In the same way, veterans of the 1st Guards Air Division said that when the film shows how Titarenko discovers German tanks disguised as hayshocks, it means their comrade and Commander — Hero of the Soviet Union Guards Major Stepan Prutkov [4].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The name of the film was given by the tradition of pilots not to immediately let the newly arrived replenishment into air combat, giving them the opportunity to “fly in” experience.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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For example, Vitaly Popkov himself, arriving at the front in 1941, began to make combat missions only in 1942 [8].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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In 41, he joined the regiment to the division commander, Colonel-General Mikhail Mikhailovich Gromov, who later became commander of the 3rd Air Army.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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There were about a hundred of us sitting, and Gromov asked: “Well, who has combat missions?” Everyone is silent.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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As a reference, Hartman, the best pilot of Nazi Germany, had 600 hours of combat raids before the outbreak of the war.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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I had one sortie — as an instructor at the Batay school, I flew to cover the bridge in Rostov-on-Don — 1 hour 34 minutes, but I bravely raised my hand.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

“It is clear,” said the commander, “only “old men” are going into battle.”


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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So Grasshopper at the end of the film, despite the protests of newcomers, says this very phrase before the flight.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Filmmakers r-times her — and in the title of the film.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The finished scenario was rejected by officials of the State Film Agency of Ukraine, as it was recognized as “unheroic”.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Then Bykov began to read out individual pieces of the script during a tour in different cities of the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

This invariably delighted the audience, which convinced Bykov that he was right.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Gradually, participants of the Great Patriotic War began to stand up for the


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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In particular, on November 14, 1972, Colonel Lezzhov, Chief of Staff of Military Unit No. 55127, sent a letter to the Dovzhenko Film Studio, who described the script as “an honest story about the war and about the people who won it” [5].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Leonid Bykov about the film


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Why did we choose pilots as heroes?


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It's hard to say


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Maybe because I myself studied at an aviation school, dreamed of flying and still admire the representatives of this heroic profession.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Talking to the pilots and participants in the battles, we understood one very important thing for us.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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In the cruel crucible of war, in its ruthless flame, older experienced comrades sought, wherever possible, to save young and inexperienced falcons.


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This was the highest wisdom — concern for the future, the eternal right and duty of the strong to protect, raise and educate — to replace themselves.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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This is how the theme “Only “old men” are going to battle” was born.


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And the other one is no less dear to us.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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A well-known wisdom says: “When guns speak, the muses are silent.”


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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We wanted to prove that in the years of trials, those who remain human in the most brutal conditions win, who take everything bright and humane with them into battle, and for which they are fighting the enemy.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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What could be more beautiful than music?


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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It is not for nothing that the heroes of the “second, singing squadron” like to repeat: “Wars are transient, music is eternal!” Our heroes contrasted the anger and misanthropy of fascism with high humanism, the creative creative principle inherent in man.


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We wanted to create this film in memory of those who did not return from the war, and to thank the living who survived this brutal battle.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Therefore, it is with special reverence and excitement that we show our picture to war veterans.


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And the best reward for us is when they say, “Yes, it was so.”


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Actor Recruitment


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First, I was appointed to another role, and Tolya Mateshko was approved for Smuglyanka.


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And suddenly Bykov comes up and says (he was talking slowly): “Read the script, change clothes, throw one star off your shoulder straps, plaster yourself and go to the court in 15 minutes. You play Swarthy.”


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My legs crooked, and I... lay down in wheat (the film was shot near Chernigov).


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Talashko found me there an hour later...


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Sergey Podgorny [9]


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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On February 20, 1973, the film was launched during the preparatory period.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The work was fraught with a lot of difficulties.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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For example, Bykov hardly managed to approve the candidacy of Alexey Smirnov for the role of mechanic Makarich.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The Leningrad actor was known to the audience exclusively as a comedy artist, so officials refused to approve him for the role.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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In response, Bykov said that he would refuse to make a film if Smirnov was not in it, and spoke about the combat biography of the actor, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, a holder of three orders.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Another problem arose with Anatoly Mateshko, who played one of the key roles of the film — Smuglyanka.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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A month before filming, the studio occupied Mateshko in another film [p 1] [10].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Leonid Bykov urgently selected Sergei Podgorny from a group of first-year students of the Kiev Theater Institute [5].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The image turned out to be so accurate that after the release of Podgorny's film, the mother of the real Viktor Shchevronka found and thanked her with the words: “Thank you, Vitya” [11].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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According to Bykov's original plan, Leonid Filatov was to play the role of Skvortsov.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Vladimir Talashko, who eventually played the role of Titarenko's wingman, later said that if this was the case, Bykov kept silent about such details so as not to injure his colleague.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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According to Talashko, although sometimes acquaintances, connections worked in the cinema and took into account the degree of popularity of the artist, Bykov had one criterion: suitable or not.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Even Smirnov, whom he defended so much, passed the audition on a par with everyone else [12].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Bykov planned to invite Vladimir Konkin for the role of “Grasshopper” [13].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Bykov told Konkin that he had a comedic talent and let him read the script.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Konkin agreed to play the role of Grasshopper, but at that time he was engaged in Nikolai Mashchenko's How Steel Was Tempered, and the director did not let him shoot with Bykov [14] [15].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In this regard, Rustam Sagdullayev, who simultaneously starred in the film “My Kind Man”, was more fortunate, for which the actor had to constantly fly to Tashkent, where filming took place.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

By the way, for the same reason, Romeo spends most of the film in a headset or cap so that his long hair, necessary for another role, does not violate the authenticity of the image of a pilot during the Great Patriotic War [16].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The film was Evgenia Simonova's film debut and one of her most famous roles: the touching image of the young pilot Masha was remembered by many viewers [17].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

At that time, Simonova was a very young (18 years old) second-year student at the Shchukin School, and colleagues treated her with great tenderness on the site [12].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The actress herself later called working with Leonid Bykov “an amazing gift of fate” [17], and himself her “godfather in the cinema” [18].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Filming


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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A big and unexpected problem for Bykov was the complete absence of aircraft from the Second World War in the USSR.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Not a single La-5FN fighter has survived, on which the pilots of the 5th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment fought.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The situation was similar with German fighters.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The flying Po-2 (as the U-2 was called since 1944) was found only in Poland.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Air Marshal Alexander Pokryshkin, three times Hero of the Soviet Union, provided great assistance in working on the film, who once served in Kiev for 10 years and visited the Dovzhenko Film Studio more than once.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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Bykov had already asked Pokryshkin to allocate real wartime aircraft for filming, but the Marshal was initially wary of this request, as many “passing” films about the war were released in those years.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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After reviewing the script in just one night, Pokryshkin ordered five aircraft to be given to the film crew at once: four Yak-18P aerobatic aircraft and the Czechoslovak aerobatic Zlin Z-326 Acrobat, outwardly very remotely similar to the German Me-109 (although the role of the dying German fighter shot down by Grasshopper was “played” by the KAI-12 Primorets glider).


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The vehicles were delivered to the Kiev Chaika airfield, where they were repainted and given the appearance of La-5 fighters [5] (however, it follows from the dialogues in the film that the regiment's pilots are fighting on Yak fighters).


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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To do this, the Yak-18P had to remove the front landing gear and attach the tail wheel.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

To create the rear alignment, the fuselage was loaded with ballast — sandbags.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The second film crew was allocated by the head of the Air Force Academy.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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YU.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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A. Gagarin, Air Marshal Sergei Rudenko.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The Academy created a museum-exhibition of aviation equipment of the Air Force (now the Central Museum of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation) and Rudenko — in violation of all instructions, at his own peril and risk — borrowed a biplane for filming [4].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Filming of the film began on May 22, 1973 in the pavilion of the Dovzhenko studio in the scenery “KP dugout” and “combat dugout”, after which it moved to nature.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

At the end of May, filming of aerial combat scenes began.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

According to the memoirs of cameraman Vitaly Kondratyev, for the convenience of aerial filming, he came up with a special device that was attached between the first and second cabins and allowed you to take a close-up shot right in flight time (these memories, however, raise, to put it mildly, very big doubts, since the Yak-18P simply does not have a second cabin — it is a single-seat aircraft).


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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But it is alleged that Bykov liked Kondratyev's invention very much, who allegedly immediately began to use it in business:


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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The pilot wrote out “barrels” and “dead loops” in the sky, and Leonid Fedorovich turned on the camera, pressed on the trigger and shouted into the lens: “Serega, cover it! I'm attacking!” After a few takes, the plane landed, I changed the tape, and the car took to the sky again.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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At the end of the shooting day, Bykov literally fell out of the plane and flopped on the green grass of the airfield.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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“Well, how are you?” - I asked when I ran up to him, and heard back: “If we develop the film, we'll see!”


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

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In early June, episodes began to be filmed “at the airfield”, for which the Pridesnyansky meadow between the villages of Shestovitsa and Slabin, Chernihiv district, Chernihiv region, was chosen in kind.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

DOSAAF pilots piloted aircraft from the Kolychevka airfield, but since Bykov did not like to be duplicated, he tried to do all the tricks himself.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

During the filming, Bykov mastered the control of the aircraft well; he did not lift them into the air, but he started the engine on his own and steered around the airfield.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Somehow he could not calculate the course, and the right wheel fell into the pit from a pyrotechnic explosion.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The plane (with painted notes and a treble clef on board) pecked its nose, the propeller blades broke, and the rear wheel broke off along with the rack.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Since taking the plane to Kiev for repair meant losing a lot of time, the restoration was carried out on site.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Spare blades, which were brought by a prudent mechanic, were installed right on the set, and in order to weld the rear chassis rack, Vital Kondratyev went to Chernigov to visit his technician friends .


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Within 24 hours, the aircraft was restored [5].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In early September, the final scene was filmed, in which Maestro, Makarich and Grasshopper find the grave of Masha and Zoya.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The emotional burden of the scene was excessive for Alexey Smirnov.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

During the rehearsal, the actor grabbed his heart and was taken away by an ambulance.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

A few days later, Smirnov returned and said that “I can't do this for the second time, I'll just die”, after which Leonid Bykov left that take in the film [19].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

A few days later, the film crew moved to the Dovzhenko Film Studio, where they were to shoot scenes in the pavilions.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Thus, on September 20-24, an episode was filmed in the scenery of the “dining room”, when the victorious “Grasshopper” comrades arrange a gala reception for the downed Messerschmitt.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

On the same days, another “dining” episode was filmed: a wake for Smuglyanka.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In the next few days, episodes were filmed in the scenery: “girls hut”, “tent”, “hut of the 2nd squadron”.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

At the same time, air battles were filmed [5], although at first the young actors disappointed the film's consultant Kharlamov, since “with skewed faces” after the first flights clearly did not look like the pilots of the Great Patriotic [20].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Actor Vano Yantbelidze recalls the very warm and friendly atmosphere on the set and Leonid Bykov's fatherly attitude towards young actors [21]:


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Just imagine, I was only 18 years old, I had just entered the first year of the Theater Institute, and suddenly I was invited to act.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

I was worried I didn't know how to fly an airplane!


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

I didn't know anything about my profession!


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

I thought that since I'm going to play a pilot, I should be able to fly right away... And here I am in Kiev.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

They greet me with a car!


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

They stay in the hotel!


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

It's all about me!


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

They lead to makeup, pick up a suit.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Such a sweet feeling: everyone is happy to see you, there is a wonderful life ahead of you!


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

And we became friends.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

We missed you if we left, brought gifts to each other.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

I brought chacha, Rustam brought melon.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

I remember meeting Rustam Sagdullayev in Boryspil, and he throws thirty melons down right from the ladder!


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The episode was filmed when the hero Bykov was shot down.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

We ran, hugged him, kissed him and cried with happiness that he was there.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Do you understand?


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

They did not cry for the hero, as it was written according to the script, but for the person.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

How much he told us then about life, about art!


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

As I talked to my children...


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

In addition to directing and participating in the film, Bykov had to fight with negligent directors of the film.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

According to Rustam Sagdullayev's memoirs, during the filming, the film changed three directors, and each of them tried to interfere with the work process.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

For example, they forgot the props, secretly recalled extras from the shooting from Bykov, or simply did not fulfill their duties.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Sagdullayev later called the completion of filming a “real miracle” [22].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

But despite these difficulties, there was an atmosphere of friendliness and mutual understanding on the set.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Bykov asked young actors not to learn roles by heart, but to speak in their own words.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

According to the director, the prototypes of the characters in the film “flew away, and many did not return. But they didn't know about it. They lived in the same way, loved them as much, laughed, jumped in the same way” as those who played them in the movies [20].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Rental


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Filming of the film ended in mid-October, after which editing began, which lasted until December 6.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

At the end of the month, the film premiered at the State Film Agency of Ukraine


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Not only high officials of Ukrainian cinema were invited to it, but also front-line pilots, including Alexander Pokryshkin.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The tape literally shocked him.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

When the lights were on in the hall, Pokryshkin, struggling to cope with his feelings, said: “Everything is as it was...”


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

But despite the enthusiastic reaction of him and other veterans (the premiere of the film was attended by pilots of the 8th Separate Air Defense Army, commanded twice by Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel-General of Aviation Vladimir Lavrinenkov), representatives of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine did not like the film and was sent “to the shelf”.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Then viewers and veterans stood up for the film, including Pavel Kutakhov, a member of the CPSU Central Committee, Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Chief Marshal of Aviation Hero of the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Lieutenant General of Aviation Vitaly Popkov personally went to an appointment with the Minister of Culture of Ukraine and twice Hero of the Soviet Union to stand up for the film.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The final decision to release the film for wide distribution was made due to the success of “The Old Men” at the VII All-Union Film Festival, where Bykov's film won the first two awards — for Best Film and Performance male role and a special prize from the Ministry of Defense of the USSR [4].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Largely thanks to the good reviews of former front-line soldiers who managed to watch the film before its release on the wide screen, the USSR State Film Agency decided to encourage the filmmakers with an award.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

It also affected the fact that the film was shot with great savings: out of 381,000 rubles allocated for its production, 325,000 rubles were spent.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Thirty-nine people were among those encouraged.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

At the award ceremony, director Leonid Bykov was especially singled out: he was paid 200 rubles of a prize and awarded the title of “stage director of the 1st category”, while actors Alexey Smirnov, Vladimir Talashko and Sergei Ivanov were paid 50 rubles each.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The management of the Dovzhenko Film Studio considered the amount of remuneration to the main filmmakers insufficient, but the petition to the USSR State Film Agency to increase the fee for the authors of the script from 6 thousand rubles to the maximum — 8 thousand — remained unsatisfied.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Officials of the State Film Agency considered that “the work of the team was encouraged quite convincingly and the increase in the fee does not seem appropriate” [5].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

The film was released on August 12, 1974.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

By the end of the year, the film had gathered 44 million 300 thousand viewers at its screenings, taking fourth place at the box office.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

This success was a big surprise for both the filmmakers and the State Film Agency, since by that time films about the Great Patriotic War practically did not collect such a box office.


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

Despite this, the filmmakers did not receive additional incentives from the State Film Agency [5].


Question: How long did it take to shoot “Only Old Men Go to Battle”?

Only “old men” are going to battle

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