Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

During 1970-1979, from 6 to 9 families lived in the Todenka Valley, and the natural settlement of the beaver to the territory of the Southern Moscow Region began.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

By 1973, the South Moscow beaver population of 110 individuals was formed, living in 30 settlements on the left tributaries of the Oka in the Serpukhovsky and Stupinsky districts.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The number of beavers in the PTZ by 1991 stabilized at the level of 40-45 individuals.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

From August to December 2005, a detailed inventory of beaver settlements in the reserve and its protected zone was carried out.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Beaver dams, beaver huts and burrows have been registered and mapped.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Photo documentation of beaver structures and traces of their vital activity was made.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

On the territory of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve, 30 beaver settlements were identified on the rivers Todenka (8 settlements), Nivodets (6), Ponikovka (4), Zhidovin (3), Rechenka (2), Koloch (1), Sokolov Ruchey (4), Pavlov stream (2).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In the protected zone of the reserve, 28 beaver settlements were identified on the rivers Sushka (6), Rechma (5), Elenka (4), Lopasna (1), Tatarka (1) and part of the riverbed of the river. Todenki outside PTZ (11).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

This year was extremely favorable for the habitat of beavers.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In subsequent years, the number of beaver settlements decreased slightly.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In 2008, only 10 beaver settlements were identified on the territory of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve on the rivers Tadenka (4 settlements), Ponikovka (1), Sushka (1), Nigovets (2), Sokolov Ruchey (2 settlements +2 beavers singles).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The number of beavers in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve for this period is estimated at 30-44 individuals.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Thus, in the long term, the population of the beaver in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve can be considered stabilized at the level of 40-45 individuals.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Outside the reserve in the Serpukhov district in the spring of 2009, the population of beavers was 470 individuals.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

On the territory of the reserve and in the surrounding lands of the Serpukhov region, beavers inhabited not only rivers and streams, but also upper swamps, irrigation ditches, road ditches, caponiers and ponds near settlements.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Beavers are extremely tolerant to humans, they often began to use artifacts of human origin in buildings (boards, fence stakes, brick fragments, pieces of concrete, packaging and even scrap metal) in buildings.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The successful growth in 1991-2005 of the beaver population, originating from only 2 pairs, confirms the absence of a negative effect of inbreeding on this species, and the inbred nature of reproduction in the beaver in natural conditions.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Central bison nursery


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

It was created in 1945 by M. A. Zablotsky in order to breed bison to restore this rare species on the territory of its former range.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The tasks of the kennel:


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Raising young bison animals for release into the wild in the areas of the former habitat of this species, transferring them to other nurseries and zoos;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Preservation and expansion of the genetic fund of bison, first in the USSR, then in Russia;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Conducting scientific research on biology, ecology, ethology of bison;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Development and improvement of methods for breeding and keeping these animals in captivity and in conditions of natural freedom.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The nursery covers an area of 200 hectares.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The conditions created in the bison nursery are close to natural.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The territory of the nursery is divided into paddocks surrounded by wire mesh and connected by long corridors.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Each of these pens contains a family of bison, consisting of one male, 4-5 females and bison under the age of 10 months.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

When the bison are 10 months old, they are separated from their mothers and united into a separate youth herd.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

By December 31, 2009, 328 purebred bison had been grown in the nursery and sent to various regions of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and other countries.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The Central Bison Nursery is a center for breeding bison, a place for conducting scientific research on biology, ecology, ethology of bison, methods of keeping, feeding and transporting bison for resettlement in freedom, in places of their former habitat.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

(Studies by M. A. Zablotsky, L. IN. Zablotskaya, I. P. Belousova, N. IN. Treboganova, M. A. Deryagina, P. P. Ghambaryan, K. K. Flerova, E. Chekurova, etc.).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The Central Bison Nursery is also a place for training and internships for specialists for other bison breeding points.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The central bison nursery played a significant role on a global scale in saving the bison as a rare species.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In addition, the nursery contains one group of American steppe bison for comparative research and display.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The coat of arms of the Serpukhov District, a golden bison on a green background, approved by the State Heroldy under the President of Russia No. 412 in December 1998, owes its origin to the existence of the world the famous Central Bison Nursery, located in the district.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Environmental education


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

One of the tasks of Russian reserves is environmental education.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve is no exception.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As in other specially protected natural areas, mass environmental events are held here, such as the March of Parks, environmental conferences of students of schools and lyceums, annual meetings” Adoptive parents of bison”, etc.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Environmental education is also carried out through regional and central media, in which employees of the reserve publish articles and give interviews on various aspects of nature protection, reserve business and ecology.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

A lot of work is being done with excursionists visiting the reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Accompanied by researchers, security inspectors, specially trained guides, tourists can visit the Nature Museum of the Reserve and the demonstration part of the Central Bison Nursery.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

During the tour, guests are given lectures on the history of the reserve, its flora and fauna and world, work on the restoration of the bison and other aspects of the reserve's activities.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Tours are available daily.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In addition to environmental education activities directly on the territory of the reserve, the reserve staff carry out environmental education activities in the city of Serpukhov, Serpukhov District , Pushchino.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Among them, held annually, since 2001, the Ecological Lecture Hall in the Central City Library named after M.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

A. P. Chekhov (Serpukhov), expositions in the Serpukhov Museum and Exhibition Hall, the Ecological and Local Lore Museum of Pushchino, work with schoolchildren of the Serpukhov District and Serpukhov, constant cooperation with the newspaper Oka-info.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Every year, the reserve is visited by 50 to 70 thousand tourists.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In 2009, 58,113 visitors [4].


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Security measures


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Bans


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The following activities are prohibited on the territory of the reserve:


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

collection of botanical, zoological and mineral collections, with the exception of those provided for by the topics and plans for scientific research in the reserve;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

logging, as well as harvesting resin, tree juices, technical raw materials, medicinal plants and other types of use of forest resources of the reserve, except for the cases provided for by this The Regulation;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

placing hives and apiaries, grazing livestock, mowing, collecting and harvesting wild fruits, mushrooms, berries, flowers, seeds, nuts, as well as other uses of the flora, except for cases provided for in these Regulations;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

hunting and fishing, as well as other types of use of the animal world, except for the cases provided for by these Regulations;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Construction and placement of agricultural and industrial enterprises, as well as their facilities.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Construction of roads, railways, buildings, overpasses, power lines and other communications.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

introduction of living organisms in order to acclimatize them;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

transit run of pets;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

presence, passage or passage of unauthorized persons or vehicles outside public roads;


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

the flight of aircraft or helicopters over the territory of the reserve at an altitude of less than 2000 meters without the consent of its administration or the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources, as well as airplanes or helicopters overcome the sound barrier.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

any other activity that threatens the state of natural complexes and objects, disrupts the natural development of processes in nature or is not related to the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Security zone


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

thumb


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In order to reduce the impact of intensive economic activity on the natural complex of the reserve, a protected zone with an area of 4,710 hectares and a width of 2 km was established in the adjacent territories.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

It includes the entire Oka floodplain (between the southern border of the reserve, passing along the border of the forest, floodplain meadows and the river's edge), the forest quarters of the Russian Forest surrounding the reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Unlike the territory of the reserve itself, limited economic activities are allowed in the protected zone, in particular forestry (continuous felling is prohibited) and agricultural work in the Oka floodplain (plowing new land is prohibited), but excavation, search and extraction of minerals, construction of roads, industrial and residential premises are prohibited, and hunting and fishing conditions must be to be coordinated with the reserve administration.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Penalties


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Penalties for violation of the regimes and rules of specially protected natural areas can be found in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in Chapter 26 “Environmental Crimes” and in the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative offenses in Chapter 8 “Administrative offenses in the field of environmental protection and nature management”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The objectives of the reserve


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Preservation of the entire natural complex, typical and unique for this area.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Long-term comprehensive stationary study of the ecosystems of the reserve and adjacent territories (environmental monitoring).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Preservation and restoration of native flora and fauna.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Breeding, studying and settling in the former habitats of the European bison.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Preservation and study of unique steppe plant communities called “Okskaya Flora”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Environmental education.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

For more than 60 years of its existence, the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve (PTZ) has fulfilled the task of restoring rare and preserving species typical for this region.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The result was the enrichment of the fauna of the Southern Moscow Region


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Beaver is an indigenous species that by the beginning of the 20th century was completely exterminated in the center of the Russian Plain.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In order to restore it in this region, 2 pairs of beavers from the Voronezh Reserve were brought to the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve in 1948, and two pairs from Belarus in 1955.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In 1962-1963, the natural settlement of beavers from the PTZ began on the territory of the Southern Moscow Region.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

By 1973, as a result, it formed a South Moscow population of beavers numbering 110 individuals in 30 settlements on the left tributaries of the Oka in the Serpukhovsky and Stupinsky districts.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As of October 2003, in the Serpukhov district (outside the PTZ) there were 68 beaver settlements with a number of 329 individuals, PTZ was inhabited by about 40-45 individuals.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As of November 2008, there were about 30-44 beavers in the PTZ.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As a result of the activities of the PTZ, a stable, successfully increasing the number of South-Moscow beaver population was formed.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The species has been returned to the hunting fauna.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Roe deer is an indigenous species that was completely exterminated in the region by the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

For its restoration, 2 pairs were brought to the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve in 1949, released in 1950.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

By 1957, the number of roe deer in the PTZ reached 63, and their natural settlement on the territory of the Serpukhov and Chekhovsky districts began.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

By 1967, a restored South Moscow population of roe deer numbering 157 individuals had been formed.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As of March 2004, the number of roe deer in the Serpukhov district was about 160.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As of February 2008, there were 170 roe deer in the PTZ.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The species was successfully reintroduced into the region and returned to the hunting fauna.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The elk was small in number before the Great Patriotic War, after its end it experienced a rapid increase in numbers.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Its maximum was in 1961:1300-1400 moose in the Serpukhov District, 300 of them in the PTZ.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Excessive population density affected the state of the forest and the state of the elk population in the Southern Moscow region, which came to the verge of mass death and the appearance of epizootics.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

PTZ zoologist L. IN. Zablotskaya, after a detailed study of the elk in the Southern Moscow region, achieved and organized the regulation of the number of moose by shooting.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In the winter of 1961/62, 101 elks were shot in the PTZ and 128 in the Serpukhov district outside the PTZ.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As a result, the number of elk in the region for several years decreased to acceptable.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As of March 2004, there were about 160 moose on the territory of the Serpukhov district.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In the PTZ as of February 2008, there were.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Thanks to the activities of PTZ, the elk population in the Southern Moscow region is preserved from degradation.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Wild boar, sika deer, European deer were brought to hunting farms adjacent to the PTZ, entered the PTZ in 1960, 1966 and 1964, respectively.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

For these species, PTZ plays the role of an experience station during hunting and refuge during the breeding season.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As of March 2004, there were 160—170 wild boars, 65 sika deer, 40 European wild boars in the Serpukhov district.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The PTZ as of February 2003 had 73 wild boars, 15 sika deer, 13 European.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

As of February 2008, PTZ had 36 wild boars, 6 sika deer, 9 European.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The region maintains a stable number of these hunting species.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Scientific and pedagogical activity in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Scientific works


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

A large amount of work is carried out in the reserve by its researchers and scientists from other research institutions.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

By 2005, more than 830 works were published based on research carried out by employees of the reserve and other research institutions (under cooperation agreements).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In the works of the reserve, thematic collections and scientific journals.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Geomorphological studies were started by N. N. Bogolyubov, V. S. Yablokov, T. G. Sarycheva, A. N. Moskvitin.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In 1946-1949, they were continued by the Okskaya Expedition of the Research Institute of Geography of Moscow State University, in the 1960s by the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Academy of Sciences


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In 2005, an Atlas of Maps of the Reserve was published, prepared by employees of the reserve and the Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Academy of Sciences of Russia.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Botanical research


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Floristic studies.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Began in the 19th century by professors of Moscow University N. N. Kaufman and N. AND. Gorozhankin, N. AND. Golenkin, continued in the 20th century by P. A. Smirnov.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

At the end of the 20th and early 21st centuries, G. E.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Levitskaya, L. IN. Denisova, S. IN. Nikitina, Y.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

E.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Alekseev, M. M. Shovkun.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Study of meadow-steppe communities.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

L. AND. Krasovsky (1950s — 1960s), V. AND. Danilov (1970s), G. E.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Levitskaya (1990s), N. N. Zelenskaya (2000s).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Study of forest formations of the reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

IN. N. Sukachev (1940s), O. IN. Shakhova, D. A. Koryakin (1950s — 1960s), A. AND. Kalyaev (1960s), N. A. Kostenchuk (1970s — up to now.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

(2011)), AND. N. Osipov O. IN. Smirnova (1990s — 2000s).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Theriological studies.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

A. T. Romashova (1945—1947), L. IN. Zablotskaya (1947—1987), N. IN. Startsev, S. A. Albov (1988—2000s).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Ornithological studies.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

A. T. Romashova (1945—1947), G. N. Likhachev (1950s — 1960s), S. D. Kuligin (1973—1983), M. M. Zablotskaya (1984—2000s).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Development and improvement of the scientific basis for the restoration of bison.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M. A. Zablotsky (1948—2006), I. P. Belousova (1988—2002), N. IN. Treboganova (2000s).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Study of the biology, ecology and ethology of bison.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M. A. Zablotsky (1948—1996), I. P. Belousova (1988—2002), N. IN. Treboganova (since 1996), E.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Chekurov (2000s).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Phenological observation.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

S. D. Kuligin (1973—1983), V. AND. Danilov (1980—1995), G. IN. Sokolova (2000s).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Regular observations under the “Chronicles of Nature” program have been carried out since 1948. They cover the main components of the reserve: territory, weather, relief, water, research organizations (under cooperation agreements) by 2005, more than 830 works were published in the Proceedings of the Reserve , thematic collections and scientific journals.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Scientific and pedagogical activity


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve, students of the Branch of Moscow State University in Pushchino, the Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Agricultural Academy named after M.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

K. A. Timiryazev, the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, undergraduates of Pushchino State University and other universities in Russia.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Specialists from various research institutions and other protected areas are trained.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Young naturalists — students of colleges, secondary schools and lyceums — study and take part in the work.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Processed materials on the territory, weather, relief, water, flora and vegetation cover, fauna and wildlife, phenology, productivity of the main communities of living organisms are included in annual books “Nature Chronicles of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

PTZ is part of the worldwide network of biosphere reserves and actively participates in international cooperation on environmental protection problems.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

See also


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

List of nature reserves in Russia.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Notes


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Literature


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Popular and popular science publications


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

(per.)


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

(reg.)


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

(reg.)


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

(per.)


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Scientific publications


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Alekseev Yu.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

E.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

, Denisova L. V., Shovkun M. M. Vascular plants of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M., 2004.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

104 p.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Albov S. A. Mammals of the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve in 2008.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

— Q: Nature chronicle of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Kn.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Danky, 2009, pp. 96-114.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Atlas of PTZ maps.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Otv.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

ed.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M. IN. Bobrovsky, M. N. Brynsky.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

PTZ, Biopress LLC, 2005, p. 64


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Bibliographic index.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Prioksko-Terrasny State Biosphere Reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

1945—1984 The compilers M. M. Zablotskaya and N. G. Krauklis.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Pushchino Publ., 1985, p. 68.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya L. IN. Beavers in small left-bank tributaries of the Oka River.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

— Zool.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

magazine.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

, 1955, vol. 34, no.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

3, p. 679-682.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya L. IN. Experience in regulating the number of moose in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve and on its surrounding territory.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

— In the book.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

: Biology and moose fishing.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Sat.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Moscow, Rosselkhozizdat Publ., 1964, pp. 156—173.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya L. IN. Beavers in the southern suburbs.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

— In the book.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

: Rational use of river beaver reserves in the USSR.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Vol.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M., Forest Industry Publ., 1971, pp. 146—160.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya L. IN. Introduction of hunting animals and birds in the south of the Moscow region.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

— In the book.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

: Ecosystems of the Southern Moscow Region.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1979, pp. 198—233.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya M. M. “On the biodiversity of the PTZ bird population”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In: “Scientific readings in memory of Professor V. IN. Stanchinsky”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Vol.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

4, Smolensk Publ., 2004, p. 140—144.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya M. M. Birds.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The series “All about PZT”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Issue 6.”


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Dunky 2008.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya M. M. “M. A. Zablotsky and the restoration of the bison”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

— In Sat.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

: “The theriofauna of Russia and adjacent territories”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

, M., Scientific press LTD, 2007, p. 153.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya M. M. “Birds of the Prioksko-Terrasny State Biosphere Reserve” — In collection.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

: Third International Buturli Readings.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Ulyanovsk, ed.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Ulyanovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, 2009.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya M. M. “Beasts of the Prioksko-Terrasny State Nature Biosphere Reserve” — In collection.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

: Third International Buturli Readings.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Ulyanovsk, ed.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya M. M. “The role of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve in enriching the hunting fauna of the Southern Moscow Region” — In collection.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

: Third International Buturli Readings.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Ulyanovsk, ed.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya L. V. and Zablotskaya M. M. “Anthropogenic impact on elk in the southern taiga”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In Sat.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

“Third International Moose Symposium”, Syktyvkar, 1990, p. 105.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya M. M., Zablotskaya L. IN. Vertebrates of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M., Izd-vo AN SSSR Publ., 1991, 49 p.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya M. M., Shchyogolev M. K. The role of the Prioksko-Terrasny State Nature Biosphere Reserve in the restoration and enrichment of the hunting fauna of the Southern Moscow Region.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

— In Sat.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

: Preservation of animal diversity and hunting in Russia.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M., Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education RSAU MTAA them.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

K. A. Timiryazev Publ., 2005, pp. 46-49.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Zablotskaya M. M., Mamontov B.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

S. Current state of the beaver population in the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

//Theriofauna of Russia and adjacent territories: collection.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

—M.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

, T-vo nauch.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

ed.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

KMK, 2007.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

— P. 154.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Mamontov B.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

S. Inventory of beavers in the Prioksko-Terrasny State Nature Biosphere Reserve and its protected zone.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Serpukhov, 2006.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

(Manuscript).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Mikheev A. IN. Bird flights.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M., Forest Industry Publ., 1981, 230 p.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Kostenchuk N. A., Shakhova O. IN. The main types of pine forests of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

In: Ecosystems of the southern Moscow region.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M., Nauka, 1979 pp.94-120


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Kostenchuk N. A. Ecosystems of pine forests of Prioksky terraces.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M., VNIIPrirody USSR Ministry of Agriculture Publ., 1982, 162 (as a manuscript).


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

The Red Book of the Moscow Region.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

M., Scientific press Ltd.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

, 2008, 827 p.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Smirnov P. A. Flora PTZ//“Works of PTZ”.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Moscow 1958, vol.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

2, p. 246.


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

References


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Category:Nature reserves in Russia


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Category:Biosphere reserves in Russia


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Category:Serpukhovsky District


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Category:Oka River


Question: On the bank of which river is the Prioksko-Terrasny state natural biosphere commandment named after Mikhail Zablotsky located?

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve

Category:Protected Natural Areas of Moscow Oblast


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism (Social Darwinism) is a sociological theory according to which the laws of natural selection and struggle for existence identified by Charles Darwin in nature, extend to relationships in human society.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism was particularly popular from the end of the 19th century until the end of World War II.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Elements of social Darwinian theory are used by various conservative movements, supporters of lesseferism and militarism.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In its extreme manifestations, Social Darwinism is the basis for eugenics and racism.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinists often used Malthusianism in their teachings, as well as eugenics, to justify the superiority of the hereditary properties of the ruling classes, groups, or races.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

History


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The origins of Social Darwinism


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Theories of social and cultural evolution originated in European philosophy during the Enlightenment.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Back in the 17th century, Thomas Hobbes noted that many processes in society are similar to those that occur in the animal kingdom.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Thomas Malthus, who published the book “The Experience of the Population Law” in 1798, is considered to be the predecessor of the ideas of Social Darwinism.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In this work, Malthus argued that in the future, humanity will inevitably face the problem of food shortages caused by overpopulation, as a result of which the poor of the planet will starve to death, and the rich will survive, that is, the Malthusian Trap will happen.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin and Social Darwinism


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

According to Michael Rooze, Darwin was familiar with Malthus's writings and read his Experience on Population in 1838, four years after the scientist's death.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin's ideas are different from those of Social Darwinism.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin argued that natural laws apply to humans in the same way as the rest of the animal kingdom, but he emphasized that the pressure exerted on humans by the limited food base and overpopulation, only contributes to the emergence of new skills and traits inherited by future generations.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

According to Darwin, social instincts such as love or mutual assistance arose in man in the process of evolution and ensured man's dominance over nature.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In chapter 6 of his book The Origin of Man, Darwin writes: “In the near future, perhaps in a few hundred years, civilized races will completely supplant or destroy all the barbarian races in the world,” but Darwin understood barbaric races as peoples who did not have the positive social instincts of mutual assistance.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin's ideas about natural selection have never gone beyond biological processes, while Social Darwinism is an attempt to transfer ideas about the struggle for survival to public life.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinists


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The most prominent exponent of the ideas of Social Darwinism was Herbert Spencer, the author of the expression survival of the fittest, most often translated as “the survival of the fittest”.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In his works Progress: Its Laws and Causes and Basic Principles (1860), he introduces the concept of social progress.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Spencer also wrote the words: “A universal law of nature: a being not energetic enough to fight for its existence must perish.”


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

William Sumner (who defended the need for social inequality and was opposed to state intervention in the economy) is also considered to be a representative of Social Darwinism, a prominent American sociologist and reformist Albion Small, Gustav Ratzenhofer and others.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Famous writer Jack London was a supporter of the ideas of Social Darwinism until the ideological turning point marked by the novels “Iron Heel” and “Martin Eden”.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The ideas of social Darwinism were most popular in America and Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In the United States, the ideas of Social Darwinism were preached by John Fiske, Edmund Noble, William Sumner, Edward Youmans.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The era of imperialism and booming industrial capitalism contributed to the view of the world as a brutal confrontation between nations and individuals.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

However, social and scientific progress has refuted most of the postulates and assumptions on which the theory of Social Darwinism was built [1].


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In 1944, American historian Richard Hofstadter published Social Darwinism in American Thought, which shows the role of Social Darwinism in the ideological justification of gross individualism, against reformism [2].


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism Theory and Criticism


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism explains the evolution of social life by the biological principles of natural selection and the struggle for existence, emphasizing the role of conflicts in social development.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Thus, his ideas are in opposition to the principles of paternalism, to the basic principles of traditional society.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism is a deterministic doctrine: social conflict, from his point of view, is eternal and irreparable, although, according to Spencer, it should ultimately lead to the formation of an ideal society.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

However, some supporters of this theory, on the contrary, conclude from it that mankind is degrading.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The principles of Social Darwinism are similar to the basic tenets of lesseferism and capitalist economics: all these teachings put a person before a choice: “either swim or tony”, recognizing everyone who could not to adapt to the conditions of the capitalist economy, “people of the lower class”.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In its extreme reactionary versions, Social Darwinism is close to eugenics and racism and serves as the rationale for the dominance of the bourgeoisie, militarism, and imperialism in foreign policy.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Opponents of abolitionism often used Social Darwinism to explain their racist theories.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Pyotr Kropotkin was one of the famous critics of Social Darwinism.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In his work “Mutual Assistance as a Factor of Evolution” (1902) [3], he argues that in wildlife and in human society, cooperation and mutual assistance are more natural than competition in the struggle for survival.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism is a modern name given to various theories of society, these theories appeared in England and the United States of America in the 1870s, and these theories sought to apply biological concepts “natural selection” and “survival of the fittest” to sociology and politics.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinists emphasized the importance of competition between people in the context of liberal capitalism, while reformist Darwinism advocated the concept of government intervention in social development, ideas of eugenics, racism, imperialism, fascism, Nazism and the struggle between national or racial groups.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The term social Darwinism became widespread after 1944 thanks to opponents of Social Darwinism.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Today, because of the negative assessment of the theory of social Darwinism, especially after the Nazi atrocities during World War II, there are few people who openly call themselves social Darwinists, and this term is usually taken as an abusive word.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Proponents of creationism have often argued that the desire in politics to make weak people die is a logical consequence of “Darwinism” (the theory of natural selection in biology).


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Biologists and historians have stated that this is a naturalistic mistake, since the theory of natural selection is intended to describe biological phenomena and should not be used as a moral right in human society.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism owed more to Herbert Spencer's ideas, genetics, and ideas of Protestant nonconformism than to Charles Darwin's research.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

While most scholars recognized that there are some historical links between Darwin's theory and social Darwinism, these scholars have also argued that social Darwinism is not a necessary consequence of biological development principles.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Scholars discuss the extent to which various social Darwinian ideologies reflect Charles Darwin's own views on socio-economic issues.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin's letters contain statements that can be interpreted as his objections to aggressive individualism, while his other statements indicate that Darwin was a supporter of aggressive individualism.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Some scholars argue that Darwin's point of view gradually changed to include the views of social Darwinists like Herbert Spencer, but Spencer's Lamarkist evolutionary ideas about society were published before Darwin published his theory, Darwin and Spencer promoted their own moral codes.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Spencer supported liberal capitalism based on his Lamarkist belief that the struggle for existence stimulated self-improvement that could be inherited.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The origin of the term “social Darwinism”


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

This term first appeared in Europe in 1877, and this term was used only by sociologists opposed to the concept at that time.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The term was popularized in the United States in 1944 by the American historian Richard Hofstadter, who used it in the ideological struggle against fascism to denote a reactionary creed, which has been used to promote competition, racism and chauvinism.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Prior to the publication of Hofstadter's book, the use of the term “social Darwinism” in English academic journals was quite rare.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In fact,


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

... there is considerable evidence that the holistic concept of “social Darwinism” as we know it today was actually invented by Richard Hofstadter.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Eric Foner, in his introduction to a new edition of Hofstadter's book released in the early 1990s, refuses to go that far.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

As Foner writes: “Richard Hofstadter did not invent the term “social Darwinism”, a term that was invented in Europe in the 1860s and crossed the Atlantic in the early 20th century. But before Hofstadter described the term, it was only rarely used; Hofstadter made the term the standard vocabulary of social thought for a complex of ideas of the late 19th century.”


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The term “social Darwinism” was rarely used by advocates of these ideas; instead, the term “social Darwinism” was almost always (derogatory) used by its opponents, with one exception recent times.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The Church of Satan and modern Satanism deliberately call themselves supporters of social Darwinism.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The term “social Darwinism” catches up with the term “Darwinism” in terms of frequency of use.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The term “Darwinism” was first used to describe the range of evolutionary views, but at the end of the 19th century it was applied more specifically to natural selection.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The term “natural selection” was first coined by Charles Darwin to explain speciation in populations of organisms.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The natural selection process involves competition between people for limited resources.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The term “natural selection” was coined by sociologist Herbert Spencer.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

From the point of view of social Darwinism, Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection can be used to understand the degree of social resilience of a nation or country.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism usually refers to ideas that precede the publication of Darwin's book The Origin of Species.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism is represented by an 18th-century clergyman Thomas Malthus and Darwin's cousin Francis Galton, who founded eugenics at the end of the 19th century.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Theory and origin of the term “social Darwinism”


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term “Darwinism” in April 1860 in his review of Darwin's book The Origin of Species, and by the 1870s the term had already been used to describe a number of concepts of evolution or development. which did not belong to Charles Darwin himself.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The first use of the phrase “social Darwinism” appeared in Joseph Fisher's 1877 article “The History of Land Use in Ireland”, which was published in the writings of the Royal Historical Society.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Despite the fact that social Darwinism bears the name of Charles Darwin, this theory is also linked to other authors today, especially Herbert Spencer, Thomas Malthus, and Francis Galton, founder eugenics.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin himself paid serious attention to Galton's work, but considered his ideas of “hereditary improvement of the human breed” impractical.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Knowing about the health weaknesses in his own family, Darwin was confident that families would naturally abandon such selection and violate Galton's recommendations.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin believed that even if artificial selection were the only way to improve the human race, this illiberal idea would be unacceptable.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

It would be better to publicize the “laws of heredity” and let people decide for themselves the issue of choosing a spouse.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In his 1871 work Human Origins and Sexual Selection, Darwin described how advances in medicine meant that weaker people could now survive and have offspring.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin warned that serious consequences are expected if sympathy for weak people is excluded.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Weak members of civilized society today have the opportunity to continue their lineage.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

No one who has been breeding pets will doubt that artificial selection will be very harmful to the human race.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

It's amazing how quickly a lack of selection leads to the degeneration of livestock breeds; but selection cannot be applied to humans.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The help we want to give to a helpless person is primarily an involuntary result of the empathy instinct that was originally acquired as part of the “social instincts” but was later the result of upbringing.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinists


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer's ideas in the field of evolutionary progress arose from Spencer's reading of Thomas Malthus's book, and later Spencer's theories were influenced by Darwin.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

However, Spencer's main work Progress: Its Law and Cause (1857) was published two years before Darwin's Origin of Species (1859) was published.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The first Spencer Principles were printed in 1860.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In The Social Organism (1860), Spencer compares society to a living organism and argues that just as biological organisms develop through natural selection, society develops and grows in complexity through similar processes.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In many ways, Spencer's theory of cosmic development bears much more resemblance to Lamarck's works and Auguste Comte's theory of positivism than to Darwin's theory.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Jeff Riggenbuck argues that Spencer's view was that culture and education made Lamarquism ideas possible and notes that Herbert Spencer was a supporter of private philanthropy.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Thomas Malthus


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Spencer's book also rekindled interest in Malthus's work.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

While Malthus's work was not initially considered a form of social Darwinism, Malthus's The Experience of the Population Act (1798) was incredibly popular among social Darwinists.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In this book, for example, the author argued that since population growth would usually outstrip growth in food production, it would lead to hunger among the weakest people and the “Malthusian catastrophe” .


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

According to Michael Rooze, Darwin read Malthus's famous book on the law of population in 1838, four years after Malthus's death.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Malthus himself anticipated the idea of social Darwinists that charity can only exacerbate social problems.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Francis Galton


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Another social interpretation of Darwin's biological views, later known as eugenics, was published by Darwin's cousin Francis Galton in 1865 and 1869.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Galton argued that just as physical traits were inherited by generations of people from their ancestors, the same can be said about mental abilities: genius and talent too are inherited.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Galton argued that social mores must change so that heredity is a conscious decision to avoid overbreeding less adapted members of society compared to by breeding more adapted ones.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

From Galton's point of view, social institutions such as charity and psychiatric hospitals in a democratic society allow the worst people to survive and reproduce faster than representatives elites, and if this mistake is not corrected, society will soon be flooded with “worst” people.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin read his cousin's work with interest and devoted several sections of his book “Human Origins and Sexual Selection” to discussing Galton's ideas.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Neither Galton nor Darwin, however, recommended a eugenic policy that would be attempted at the beginning of the 20th century, as Galton and Darwin were opposed to the use of any form of government coercion.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Friedrich Nietzsche


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche addressed the issue of natural selection, although Nietzsche's principles did not coincide with Darwinian theories of natural selection.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Nietzsche's point of view on disease and health, in particular, contradicted the concept of biological adaptation, the essence of which was formulated by Spencer.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Nietzsche criticized the ideas of Haeckel, Spencer and Darwin, under the same pretext that in some cases sick people were necessary and even useful to society.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Nietzsche wrote:


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Wherever progress can be guaranteed, variability is of the utmost importance.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Each progress as a whole must be preceded by a partial regression.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The strongest personalities retain their type, the weaker ones help to promote it.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Something similar happens to a person: occasionally there are cases of degeneration, death of the elite, any physical and moral death without progress somewhere else.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

In a warlike and restless clan, for example, a sick person has a chance to stay alone and therefore become wiser; a one-eyed person will have one stronger eye; a blind person will see deeper inside, and of course it's better to hear.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

To some extent, the well-known theory of natural selection seems to me not the only point of view that can explain the progress of strengthening a person or race...


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Ernst Haeckel


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The publication of Ernst Haeckel's bestselling book The Mystery of the Universe (German: Welträtsel) in 1899 brought social Darwinism and earlier ideas of “racial hygiene” to a wide audience.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Haeckel's theory was not Darwinism, but rather tried to combine the ideas of Goethe, Lamarck, and Darwin.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

These Haeckel ideas were adopted by emerging social sciences to support the idea that all non-European societies were “primitive” and were in the early stages of development on the way to European ideal, but since then these ideas have been largely refuted from many points of view.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Haeckel's work led to the formation of the League of Monists in 1904, which included many famous scholars, including Nobel Prize winner Wilhelm Ostwald: monism, designed to replace the religion of scientific philosophical theory.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

By 1909, the number of members of the League of Monists had reached 6,000.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism followed early Malthusian ideas that people, especially men, required competition with others in order to survive in the future.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Moreover, poor people will have to ensure their own well-being and not ask for help from the state.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

However, despite these ideas, most social Darwinists at the beginning of the 20th century actually supported the demand for better working conditions and higher wages: such measures would provide poor people with better an opportunity to ensure their well-being, but are useless for those who are poor out of laziness, infirmity or inferiority.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwinism and hypotheses for social change


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

“Social Darwinism” was first described by Oscar Schmidt of the University of Strasbourg in a report at a scientific and medical conference held in Munich in 1877.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Schmidt noted that the Socialists, although opposed to Darwin's theory, nevertheless used the ideas of Social Darwinism to add credibility to their political arguments.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Schmidt's article first appeared in English in the journal Popular Science in March 1879.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Schmidt used the term “social Darwinism” after the author of the anarchist treatise Emile Gautier.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

This anarchist treatise was entitled Le darwinisme social and was published in Paris in 1880.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

However, the use of the term “social Darwinism” was very rare — at least in the English-speaking world — until the American historian Richard Hofstadter published his authoritative work.” Social Darwinism in American Thought” [1944] during World War II.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Hypotheses of social and cultural evolution have been common in Europe for a long time.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Enlightenment thinkers who lived long before Darwin, such as Georg Hegel, have often argued that societies have progressed through stages of accelerating development.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Earlier thinkers also emphasized the importance of conflict as an innate feature of social life.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The depiction of the natural state belonging to the 17th-century philosopher Thomas Hobbes appears similar to the concept of “competition for natural resources” described by Darwin.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism differs from other theories of social change in that social Darwinism uses Darwin's ideas from the field of biology in the social sciences.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin, unlike Hobbes, believed that this struggle for natural resources allowed people with certain physical and mental traits to succeed more often than others, and that these physical and mental traits have been accumulating in people for a long time.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

The accumulation of these traits, under certain conditions, could lead to descendants so different from modern humans that these descendants would be defined as a new kind of human being.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

However, Darwin felt that “social instincts” such as “empathy” and “moral feelings” had also developed through natural selection, and that these “social instincts” had led to a strengthening the societies in which they originated.


Question: When was Social Darwinism particularly popular?

Social Darwinism

Darwin wrote about this in his work “Human Origins and Sexual Selection”: