Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Nieto was among those who greeted Rossi, dressed in a special suit that read Valentino's congratulations.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Angel even drove a lap of honor on Rossi's motorcycle, carrying Valentino as a passenger.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

And Valais at that time was waving a flag with the inscription “90+90" [5].


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

On August 31, 2008, Valentino Rossi reached Giacomo Agostini's record of 68 premier class victories at the San Marino Grand Prix.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

On September 14, 2008, Valentino Rossi broke Giacomo Agostini's record for the most premier class victories in Indianapolis.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi already has 69 of them, which is an unconditional record of all time.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

On June 27, 2009, Valentino Rossi rounded off his victories in all classes at Dutch TT to 100.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

500 CC/MotoGP Class Achievements:


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second most victories in the World Championships with 7 championship titles, the first Giacomo Agostini to win 8 championships.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second most consecutive World Cup victories, having 5 from 2001 to 2005 along with Mick Duin (won 5 championships from 1994 to 1998), while the first is Giacomo Agostini with seven Championship titles in a row from 1966 to 1972.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the first in the number of victories in the race with 88 finishes in 1st place, 68 victories for Giacomo Agostini.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the first in terms of the number of podiums in the premier class — he has 185 of them.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second most poled (54 poles), only Mick Duin has the most (58 poles).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the first in the number of fast laps (75 fast laps), the second Giacomo Agostini (69 fast laps).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second most victories in one season (11 wins in 2001, 2002 and 2005) along with Giacomo Agostini, only Mick Duin has the most (12 victories in 1997).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the first in terms of the number of podiums in one season, with 16 in 2003 and 2005.2008.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the fourth most poled in one season (9 in 2003) along with Kevin Schwanz, only Mick Dwan (12 poles in 1997), Casey Stoner (12 poles in 2011), Wayne Gardner (10) poles in 1987) and Freddie Spencer (10 poles in 1985).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi has the first fastest laps in one season, having 12 in 2003.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second most points scored in one season, with 373 points in 2008.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Jorge Lorenzo had 383 points in 2010.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Achievements in the 250 cc class:


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the third most wins in one season (9 wins in 1999) along with Jorge Lorenzo, Marco Melandri and Max Biaggi, only Daijiro Kato (11 wins in 2001), Anton Manga (10 wins in 1981) and Mike Halewood (10 victories in 1966).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second most podiums in one season (12 podiums in 1999), along with Jorge Lorenzo, Marco Melandri, Shinya Nakano, Max Biaggi, Luca Cadalora, John Kosinski and Sito Pons, only has more Dani Pedrosa, Tetsui Harado, Daijiro Kato and Ralph Waldman (13 podiums in 2004, 2001, 2001 and 1996 respectively).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

125 cc Class Achievements:


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the first in terms of wins in a single season, with 11 in 1997.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second most podiums in one season (13 podiums in 1997), only Alvaro Bautista has the most (14 podiums in 2006).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Achievements in all classes:


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the third most won world championships (9 championships), like Carlo Ubbiali and Mike Haywood (9 championships each), only Angel Nieto (13 championships) and Giacomo Agostini (15 championships) have more.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second in the number of races won (114 wins), only Giacomo Agostini has the most (122 wins).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the first in terms of the number of podiums (221 podiums), Giacomo Agostini (159 podiums).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the third in the number of poles (64 poles), the first Marc Marquez (65 poles).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second in the number of fast laps (95 fast laps), only Giacomo Agostini has more (117 fast laps).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Other achievements:


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the second driver to win consecutive championships with various motormakers (2001-2003 with Honda and 2004-2005 with Yamaha) along with Eddie Lawson (1988 with Yamaha and 1989 with Honda).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the only racer who has won races in a row with different motorcycles.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

He won the last race of 2003 with Honda at the Valencia Grand Prix and the first race of 2004 with Yamaha in the South African Grand Prix.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the only driver to win seven consecutive victories in his home Italian Grand Prix at the Mugello Circuit from 2002 to 2008.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the only driver to win races starting from 11th position or lower on the grid (the 2001 British Grand Prix, the 2006 German Grand Prix and the 2007 Dutch Grand Prix).


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the only driver to score more than 5,000 points in his career.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

No one before him even managed to score more than 3,000.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Rossi is the only driver who won titles in all existing “cubatures” of the royal class: 500cc, 990cc and 800cc.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Statistics


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

By season


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

By class


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

By year


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

In literature


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

In the epilogue to the novel “Such a Story”, Alessandro Baricco calls Rossi one of his teachers.


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Notes


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

References


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

‹See Tfd› (in Italian)


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

on Twitter


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Category:Rally drivers alphabetically


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Category:WRC pilots from Italy


Question: When did Valentino Rossi win his first title?

Valentino Rossi

Category:Italian motorcycle racers


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Demidov Business House, a business center in Yekaterinburg, consists of two blocks — the 9-storey first stage 1A, which was originally built as a congress hall (in 2009, the building was unfinished transferred to Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center) and the second stage of 1B, a 33-storey high-rise building for offices.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The original design also had a panoramic dome over the water area of the city pond, connected by a glass passage to the congress hall, and a pedestrian bridge to the opposite bank, but this part of the project did not has been implemented.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The construction of the business center began in 2006, the first stage was planned to be commissioned in October 2008, the second in March 2009, but subsequently the deadlines were repeatedly shifted due to various reasons — changes in general contractors, investor conflicts, financial crisis [1].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

For some time, the facility was frozen, becoming one of the largest long-term construction projects in the city center [2] [3] [4].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Initially, the investor was Klaas-Stroy CJSC, controlled by Sverdlovsk entrepreneur Mars Sharafulin [5].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Since 2008, UMMC Holding has joined the project (Sharafulin himself claimed that it was a raider seizure [6] [7]).


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

After it was decided to place the Yeltsin Center here, funds from the federal and regional budgets were attracted to the completion of the first stage.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

As a result, the Yeltsin Center in the building of the first stage of the complex opened on November 25, 2015, and the construction of the high-rise stage was completed on December 30, 2016 [8].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

During the construction, the name of the facility also changed — initially it appeared in the project as Demidov Plaza, then as the Demidov business center, then DEMIDOF [4] [9], the final version was “business Demidov House [10].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At the time of the start of construction, Demidov had nothing to do with the Yekaterinburg-City complex [11], although it was in the immediate vicinity.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The project of the Demidov business center itself appeared long before the presentation of the Yekaterinburg-City project.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

After UMMC Holding (investor of Yekaterinburg-City) took control of the construction of the business center, its representatives expressed the opinion that Demidov, in fact, is one with” Yekaterinburg City” and participation in its construction will help to comprehensively solve issues related to parking spaces for cars, road interchanges, communications and further use real estate objects located on adjacent sites [12].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Since 2015, the construction division of UMMC has positioned Demidov as the third (after the Hyatt Regency Yekaterinburg Hotel and the Iset Tower) facility of the Yekaterinburg City business quarter [13] [14].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Construction history


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Start of construction


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The project of the Demidov Plaza business complex, developed by the Yekaterinburg bureau Arkhstroyproekt-A [15] [16] (architect — Sergey Aleinikov [17]), was first presented in March 2005 at the largest international property fair in Cannes [18] [19].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

This was the first project from the Sverdlovsk Region presented at this exhibition [19] — the Yekaterinburg-City project from UMMC was presented only a year later, at the MIPIM-2006 exhibition [20].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The construction was initiated by Mars Sharafulin, a Sverdlovsk entrepreneur, owner of a number of construction companies and part-time chairman of the National Cultural Autonomy of Tatars of the Sverdlovsk Region.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The customer and developer was Klaas-Stroy CJSC controlled by him, the general contractor was Sverstroy LLC [21] (in fact, the construction work was carried out by the Turkish company Renaissance Construction ” [19]).


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The construction site was chosen in the city center, between the Gorodskoy Pond embankment and January 9 Street (currently Yeltsin Street), in the immediate vicinity of the projected cluster high-rise buildings in Yekaterinburg City.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Later, the Demidov business center was included in the resolution of the Head of Yekaterinburg on preparations for the 2009 SCO summit [18].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

It was planned to hold meetings of the heads of state here within the framework of the IX SCO Summit and the 1st BRIC Summit [18].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Initially, the project included only a 9-storey building, however, due to the shortage of Class A office space in Yekaterinburg, it was decided to add a 33-storey tower to the complex [22].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The original design also included a panoramic dome [23] located above the water, connected to the main building by a glass passage, as well as a bridge leading to the opposite bank of the City Pond — to “Dinamo” metro station [22].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

It was assumed that an informal meeting of the heads of state will take place in this dome above the pond water area after the official events of the SCO and BRIC summits [18] [22].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

After that, the dome could be used to place a planetarium in it or as exhibition space [22].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

As a result, neither the dome nor the bridge was built.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Active construction work began in spring 2006.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The first stage, a 9-storey part with a congress hall, was supposed to open in October 2008 [18].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The 33-storey high-rise part was planned to be commissioned in March 2009 [18].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Demidov was supposed to become a class A+ business center [18] [24] and at the same time the largest business center in Yekaterinburg [25].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The total area of the complex was estimated at 142,000 square meters [22], of which 43,000 were the area of category “A” offices according to the international classification.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The rest of the premises were given to a congress hall, more than 100 shops, 8 cinemas, and a 2,000 square meter food court.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Modern audio and video equipment was purchased for the halls of the congress hall — it was possible to simultaneously listen to speeches in 12 languages: this is the number of booths for simultaneous interpreters.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The center is suitable for holding international congress events.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Just think about it — in a year there will be a meeting here, which will be attended by seven presidents of the leading Asian powers, representing 3/5 of the area of Eurasia, ¼ of the world's population.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Thousands of international observers and thousands of journalists will come to the summit.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

For a few days, the attention of the whole world will be focused on Yekaterinburg, including the Demidov business center.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The view of the embankment and our Demidov will be in all the world news [18].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Conflict with the administration of Yekaterinburg and change of general contractor


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In March 2007, electricity was cut off at the construction site.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Klaas-Stroy CJSC stated that this was done on the initiative of the Administration of Yekaterinburg [19].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Deputy Mayor of Yekaterinburg Vladimir Kritsky said that Klaas-Stroy CJSC did not agree on the project documentation with the mayor's office, and as a result, instead of the expected eight-story first stage of the business center, the building has 11 floors (3 floors had already been built at that time).


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

There were also questions by the 2nd stage — a building with 35 floors was being built, and the mayor's office was informed about the 20-storey building, Kritsky said [19].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The developer had disputes with the city authorities over the functions of the facility under construction - the mayor's office wanted the House of Music to be located in the building, but Klaas-Stroy CJSC rejected this idea as unprofitable for myself [19].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On April 9, 2007, Eduard Rossel, Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region, visited the facility, who personally oversaw the construction.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Sharafulin assured the governor that construction is proceeding according to schedule [26].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

27] The Governor visited the construction site again on July 17, 2007 [27].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In July 2007, the general construction contractor was replaced — Atomstroykompleks, the largest developer in Yekaterinburg [16] [28], and the construction of the second stage of the complex began.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

According to Valeria Gureeva, a representative of Klaas-Stroy CJSC, cooperation with the Turkish company Renaissance Construction was terminated due to the fact that no agreement was reached on prices and quality in equipping the complex with ventilation and air conditioning systems [16].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In August 2007, the glazing of the 1st stage began, and by the end of the year, most of the 1st stage was glazed.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

A delegation from the Presidential Executive Office visited the construction site, which tentatively approved the holding of most of the events of the SCO-2009 summit here [16].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In December 2007, it became known that Sberbank would take part in financing the project, and in early 2008, a project financing deal was concluded [16].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The arrival of UMMC and the shutdown of construction during the crisis


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On February 29, 2008, at a construction site, two workers fell into the elevator shaft of a building under construction — one of them died [29].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In March 2008, at a meeting on monitoring the progress of construction of facilities for the SCO summit, Eduard Rossel expressed concern about the pace of construction of the business center [30].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On May 26, 2008, Mars Sharafulin announced a raider attack on Klaas-Stroy CJSC with the help of greenmail technologies by the leaders of UMMC Iskander Makhmudov and Andrey Kozitsyn [6].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

According to Sharafulin, due to the actions of UMMC, the co-investor stopped financing the facility back in February.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On May 28, 2008, a meeting was held in the administration of the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region, where they also touched upon the difficult situation at the Demidov construction site, which is one of the key sites of the upcoming summit SHOS.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Oleg Zemtsov, a public relations specialist at Klaas-Stroy CJSC, said: “We finance everything, and in the proper amount. We will complete everything on time, there is no doubt about it. The only reason to stop construction is the invasion of UMMC, which, we note, can only be illegal. Even if UMMC enters the project as an investor, it will need about 1.5 months only to familiarize itself with the documents. This will inevitably mean a halt in construction for this period” [31].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On May 29, 2008, UMMC for the first time [32] openly recognized its interest in the Demidov business center — a press release was published announcing the investment of 550 million rubles in the construction of a business center — the right of claim under loan agreements for this amount was purchased from one of the shareholders of Klaas-Stroy CJSC, and it was also announced that an agreement had been reached to acquire 50% of the shares of CJSC from this shareholder” Klaas-Stroy”.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

After purchasing a block of 50% of shares, UMMC, in accordance with the federal law “On Joint Stock Companies”, received the right to request constituent documents and documents related to the management of Klaas-Stroy CJSC financial and economic activities of the organization.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

But, according to the information published in the press release, Sharafulin did not provide them in violation of the current legislation [12] [33].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

“The Yekaterinburg-City complex, which we are building, and the Demidov Business Center, in fact, are a single whole - by participating in the construction of the Business Center, we will jointly be able to more effectively resolve issues related to infrastructure, including the most important issue for Yekaterinburg today on parking spaces for cars, road interchanges, communications and further use of real estate objects located on the same site”


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On the same day, Governor Eduard Rossel, fearing a failure to deliver the business center, which is still considered as the main venue for the SCO-2009 summit, initiated a personal meeting with Andrey Kozitsyn.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Kozitsyn assured that the purchase of a block of shares will not affect the pace of construction of the center [34].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On June 2, 2008 [35] Mars Sharafulin filed a lawsuit with the Arbitration Court of the Sverdlovsk Region to restore on his personal account a record of his ownership of 50% of the company's shares transferred in 2006 second project investor [36].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The transaction to acquire a 50% stake in CJSC Klaas Stroy from a Moscow shareholder, whose name was not disclosed, was completed in June 2008, its amount, according to Delovoy Kvartal, amounted to 1 billion rubles [37].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On June 26, 2008, at a traditional meeting on construction, Eduard Rossel demanded that the developers of the Demidov business center accelerate the pace of construction this summer and begin internal work on floors built [38].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In July 2008, Mars Sharafulin received an offer from UMMC to purchase the second 50% of the shares of CJSC Klaas-Stroy for 3 billion rubles [25] [37].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On July 10, the parties reached an agreement, the deal was scheduled for July 30, but in the end it did not take place — according to Sharafulin, neither Andrei Kozitsyn nor his representatives appeared at the specified meeting point [25].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The regional government was concerned about the situation - if under Sharafulin Demidov had a chance to be completed on time, then after the entry of the new developer it will take 2 months only to study the situation - all this time the object will be idle.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

It became an almost impossible task to hand over Demidov for the summit [25].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On August 6, 2008, Sharafulin said that Andrei Kozitsyn canceled the deal on the last day and thereby put Sharafulin in a difficult position.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

As a result, payments to the contractor for the construction of the business center, Atomstroykompleks, had to be stopped


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Construction has been suspended.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

“This is what I was afraid of - I was afraid that you would stop the construction with all this fuss. What am I supposed to tell the president fairy tales now?” [28]


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The SCO summit in Yekaterinburg was in jeopardy — other specialized large congress venues with videoconferencing technology and simultaneous interpretation in the city at that time did not was [25].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Opinions were voiced that the summit would have to be moved to Khanty-Mansiysk or Astana [25].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On August 8, the transaction for the sale of 50% of the shares of CJSC Klaas-Stroy to UMMC took place, on August 15, Sharafulin dropped the claim filed in June with the arbitration court due to the settlement of the dispute out of court [ 36].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At the end of September 2008, work on the high-rise part of the complex resumed.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At that time, no work was carried out on the 9-storey part and the Demidov Congress Hall was deleted from the list of facilities for the SCO summit — the meeting of the organization's heads of state was eventually held in the Sevastyanov House.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The construction of Demidov has already fully come under the control of UMMC [39].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Decision on the location of the Yeltsin Center


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In 2009, when it became known that the congress hall was not in time to be commissioned by the SCO summit, construction activity was concentrated on the second stage - at a meeting on February 4, 2009, the governor put the task of completing monolithic works and glazing of the high-rise part by the beginning of the summit in June 2009 [40].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The representative of UMMC Holding Sergey Litvinenko said that the loan in the amount of 335 million rubles received by the developer will be enough only for the frame of the building, and it will not be possible to glaze it, proposing the option to close building for the duration of the summit with billboards with social advertising [40].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Developers complained about difficulties in attracting credit funds during the crisis [40].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

By mid-April 2009, the frame of the building was ready.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

During the SCO and BRIC summits in June 2009, cranes at the construction site were dismantled, but the building's box was not covered with advertising banners.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On May 20, 2009, Eduard Rossel dismissed Oleg Gusev, curator of preparations for the SCO summit — among the main “disadvantages” was Demidov's unwillingness [41].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed the law “On Centers of Historical Heritage of Presidents of the Russian Federation Who Have Terminated Their Powers”, according to which such institutions should be created to demonstrate to the general public the historical legacy of former leaders.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The fund engaged in the creation of the center, according to the law, has the opportunity to receive state subsidies.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At the end of 2008, the B. N. Yeltsin”.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In the spring of 2009, at a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center Foundation [42], it was decided to place Boris Yeltsin's presidential center in Yekaterinburg, the city where he lived most of his life and where he began his political career [43].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

This decision was supported by family members of the former president, including Nain Yeltsin.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

A branch of the center was supposed to open in Moscow.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On September 3, 2009, the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region Eduard Rossel signed a decree “On the Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center”, according to which the Presidential Center of B.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

N. It was decided to place Yeltsin in the former Demidov Congress Hall [44].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At that time, January 9 Street, where construction began, had already been renamed Boris Yeltsin Street.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Immediately after the decree was issued, on September 4, 2009, facade work resumed at the first stage of Demidov.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

It was assumed that the Presidential Center would open on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of Boris Yeltsin's birth — in February 2011, but later the commissioning of the facility was postponed several times.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

the end of 2009—2012.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Freezing construction


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In 2010-2012, almost no construction work was carried out at the facility.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In 2010-2011, the skyscraper frame was covered with a huge advertising banner.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In April 2010, it was reported that more than a billion rubles from the federal budget would be allocated for the completion of the first stage [45].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Meanwhile, in October 2010, businessman Mars Sharafulin, who began construction, was put on the international wanted list - he was accused of tax evasion on an especially large scale.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Natalia Krasnoperova, former financial director of Klaas-Stroy CJSC, was also put on the international wanted list [46] [47].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On 11 January 2011, Sharafulin was arrested in Cannes by local police officers. [48]


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The French court, having considered his case, refused to extradite him to Russia, finding no reason for this.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Soon, charges against Mars Sharafulin and his employees were dropped by Russian law enforcement agencies on rehabilitative grounds [49].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At the end of 2010 — early 2011, only cosmetic work was carried out to replace the insulation that had become unusable due to a long stay in the open air on the unfinished facade of the first stage and improvement of the terrace and the territory adjacent to the entrance to the future Yeltsin Center.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

They were related to preparations for the opening of a monument to Boris Yeltsin.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On February 1, 2011, the 80th anniversary of Yeltsin's birth, the monument by sculptor Georgy Frangulyan was unveiled, and the opening was attended by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In September 2012, work began on stage 1B, but they affected only the multi-level parking lot of the complex, and construction was not actively carried out at the facility itself [50].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Resumption of work on the high-rise area


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In February 2013, glazing of the high-rise part began, which was completed in April 2015 [51].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In March 2013, at a meeting of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region, it was decided to allocate an additional 2 billion rubles to the Presidential Center named after M. Yeltsin” — since the building itself had already been built by that time, these significant budget funds were supposed to be spent exclusively on finishing and purchasing equipment [5].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The money was allocated through the Ministry for State Property Management of the Sverdlovsk Region [52].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At that time, it was planned to complete the work and open the Yeltsin Center for Constitution Day — December 12, 2013 [52].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In July 2013, Yeltsin Center presented the project of the presidential center at the annual Innoprom exhibition [53].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In September 2013, the opening of the Yeltsin Center was postponed again — Anatoly Kirillov, Executive Director of the Boris Yeltsin Ural Center Foundation, said that the center building will open on Russia Day — 12 June 2014 [54].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Despite this, the opening date was postponed 2 more times.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Opening of the Yeltsin Center


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On November 25, 2015, the Yeltsin Center was opened in the first stage of the complex.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

A large-scale opening ceremony was held, which was attended by family members of the first President of Russia, including Naina Yeltsin and Tatyana Yumasheva, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, many Russian and foreign politicians — Irina Khakamada, Mintimer Shaimiev, Eduard Rossel, including heads of state in the 1990s — Leonid Kuchma, Anatoly Gorbunov, Pyotr Luchinsky, Stanislav Shushkevich, businessmen — Suleyman Kerimov, Mikhail Prokhorov, Igor Sechin, US Ambassador to Russia John Tefft, many well-known journalists — Vladimir Pozner, Sofiko Shevarnadze, Ksenia Sobchak, Alexey Venediktov, cultural and art figures — Andrey Makarevich, Alexander Novikov, Mikhail Shvydkoy, sports — Shamil Tarpischev, Evgeny Kafelnikov, Anastasia Myskina, Elena Dementyeva, Dinara Safina, current and former leaders of Yekaterinburg — Alexander Yakob, Evgeny Roizman and Arkady Chernetsky, and many others — a total of about 500 VIP guests [55] [56] [57].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

For Boris Nikolaevich and I, Yekaterinburg has always been our native city, and it's great that the Yeltsin Center is opening here, in our favorite city.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Most of our lives spent here, we met here, got married here, our daughters and first granddaughter were born here, this is where his work and political biography, and his leadership career began qualities were also formed here.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

I think if he chose a city for his Presidential Center himself, he would have no doubts — only Yekaterinburg [58].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Tatyana Yumasheva, the daughter of the first President of Russia, conducted a tour of the Yeltsin Museum for state leaders.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Completion of the high-rise section


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In April 2016, a dynamic architectural lighting system was installed and launched on the high-rise tower of the business center [59].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At the end of August 2016, Mars Sharafulin died in France due to a blood clot at the age of 47, before he lived to see the commissioning of the business center he began to build [60].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On December 30, 2016, simultaneously with the completion of the construction of the Iset Tower, UMMC announced the readiness of the Demidov business house [10].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The building was addressed to ul. Boris Yeltsin 3/2.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Despite the fact that at the beginning of construction it was supposed to be an A+ class of office space, as a result, the office center was assigned class B+.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Gaidar House


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At the time of the beginning of construction, a small fragment of pre-revolutionary development of Yekaterinburg remained in the immediate vicinity of the Demidov construction site, on the Workers' Youth Embankment — a one-story a wooden house in the style of classicism and a two-story semi-stone house with a mezzanine, entered in the register of cultural heritage sites as the house in which writer Arkady Gaidar lived in 1927.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

This house was part of an estate owned since 1908 by the bourgeois Pestov family [61] [62].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Almost all the old buildings of the former Syslnaya Sloboda were demolished back in the 1970s and 1980s, this house remained only due to the fact that it is connected with the writer's personality, and the neighboring wooden one was left as a piece old Yekaterinburg [63].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Household buildings and an apple orchard have been preserved near the house [64]


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Back in 2004-2005, officials at various levels adopted decisions to move the monument by directive order, but all of them were canceled by the procurator [65] [65].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On April 11, 2006, Klaas-Stroy CJSC cut down the garden at the house [63].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In June 2006, a concrete fence was illegally installed on its territory [66].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On August 28, 2006, when the owner of the house Anatoly Pestov went on vacation [67], the house was set on fire — a Molotov cocktail was thrown at it, as a result of which part of the second floor burned down [68].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On November 11, 2006, unknown persons set a fire in a neighboring wooden house, having previously poisoned the dog guarding him - the flame again touched Gaidar's house.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In January 2007, a criminal case was opened on the fact of destroying trees near the Gaidar House.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Mars Sharafulin first commented on Gaidar's house in 2008.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

First, Pestov tried to exchange his building for 200 square meters.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

in our business center, after refusing, he began to ask us for 3 million.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

euro.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

We are ready to negotiate with him, but within reason.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In fact, it turns out that Pestov, using the status of an architectural monument, only wants to cash in at our expense” [66]


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In April 2008, the management of Klaas-Stroy CJSC sent a letter to Natalia Vetrova, Minister of Culture of the Sverdlovsk Region, with a request to find out whether the historical and cultural significance, which served as the basis for assigning the status of a cultural heritage site to the building.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

And if the status is lost, raise the issue of excluding the house from the register of cultural heritage sites [66].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

If the historical and cultural potential of the building can be restored, the question of changing the owner of the building should be raised — for example, by changing the status of the building to a house-museum, transferring it to the regional property, since as long as the owner is an individual, it is impossible to attract third-party financing for its restoration [66].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

At the same time, representatives of Klaas-Stroy CJSC noted that the second floor, where Arkady Gaidar lived, is in a dilapidated state, the roof is rotting, and there is a landfill in the yard.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In violation of the law, the owner Pestov arbitrarily erected a sloppy extension and installed modern plastic windows.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The roof of the building made of roofing iron was replaced with tiles that are not typical for the architecture of the Urals.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In 2013, Executive Director of the Presidential Center B.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

N.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Yeltsin, Alexander Drozdov appealed to the prosecutor's office because of the landfill of construction and household waste near Gaidar's house [69].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

As a result of the inspection on June 6, 2013, the prosecutor's office of Yekaterinburg ordered Anatoly Pestov to liquidate the landfill, and it was also found that the owner did not fulfill the obligation to maintain the facility cultural heritage: the pattern of window bindings, the roof covering with a parapet fence, a canopy over the porch have not been restored [70].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Pestov was obliged to put the building in order, eliminating the violations [69].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In October 2014, a neighboring wooden house designed by the famous Yekaterinburg architect Karl Tursky in the first half of the 19th century in the style of classicism was demolished [71].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On April 24, 2015, the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region Evgeny Kuyvashev agreed to buy the house from Pestov for 35 million rubles [72].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

By the opening of the Yeltsin Center in November 2015, Gaidar's house was closed with a banner, considering its appearance unpresentable [61].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In March 2016, it was reported that the Gaidar House would be transferred to the Yeltsin Center [73].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On August 12, 2016, it became known that after the completion of the restoration of the building, it will be converted into an office center [74].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Characteristics and architecture of the constructed object


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Yeltsin Center


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The total area of queue 1A is 88 thousand m², of which 22.5 thousand m² are allocated directly for the Yeltsin Center [76], which house educational and children's centers, a gallery, a conference hall, a museum, an archive, media library.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The remaining areas belong to the Agora Center company, the founder of which, in turn, is the Presidential Center B. N. Yeltsin”.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The Fund bought the space at the expense of sponsors, and signs indicating them are placed in the lobby of the Yeltsin Center, including both large corporations and representatives of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as individuals.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The Yeltsin Center plans to reach self-sufficiency by renting out these areas [76].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The core of the Yeltsin Center was the museum of the first President of Russia.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The museum's archive contains tens of thousands of documents, photographs, more than 130 video interviews, and 163 media programs have been edited.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The Demidov building went to the Yeltsin Presidential Center with a layout designed for ordinary tenants of business centers: offices and shops.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Pavel Lungin solved the task of turning the second floor round in horizontal section into a museum — he came up with the concept of a “rotor” that starts a circular movement of visitors: turned clockwise the doorways of the halls push guests to move from one room to another.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

In the middle of the second level there is a round square with benches and a life-size bronze monument to Yeltsin in the style of urban sculpture — you can take pictures sitting next to it.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Opposite the screen, where photos from the President's archive are broadcast.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Architect Boris Bernasconi took part in finalizing the architectural concept of the center, which has been outdated over the years.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

His bureau created a branded aluminum facade for the building, the design of which formed the basis for the identity of the entire Yeltsin Center [17].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

According to Bernasconi, in the architectural sense, the new functionality fits into the form built into the building, which seems to embody Yeltsin's famous “squiggle”.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Visible from afar, the vertical facade passes into the volume of the main entrance and into the rooftop cafe, and then, according to Bernasconi, it should rhyme with the future pedestrian bridge over the river [77].


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Demidov Business House


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The total area of Demidov amounted to 47,000 square meters.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On the first floors of the building there are meeting rooms, a transforming conference hall, and a coffee break area.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

On the upper floors there are open-plan rooms designed to accommodate offices.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

There are 11 ThyssenKrupp elevators in the building.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

The facade of the building is made of structures of architectural aluminum profiles, most of it consists of tempered glass with a special reflective coating on the outside and energy-efficient injury-proof glass from the inside.


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

See also


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

List of tallest buildings in Yekaterinburg


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

List of tallest buildings in Russia


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Construction in Yekaterinburg


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Notes


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

References


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Category:Skyscrapers in Yekaterinburg


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Category:Skyscrapers with a height of 100 to 149 meters


Question: Who was the architect of the business center in Yekaterinburg Demidov Business House?

Demidov (business house)

Category:Skyscrapers built in 2015


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The European Economic Area (EEA), European Economic Area (English: European Economic Area, EEA) is a space created on January 1, 1994 by the EEA Agreement and providing The free movement of goods, capital, services and people (the “four freedoms”) within the framework of the European Single Market (also known as the internal market of the European Union).


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The EEA Agreement provides that membership is open to member states of the European Union (EU) or the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The EFTA States that are parties to the EEA Agreement participate in the EU internal market without being members of the EU, however, with significant exceptions, including in agriculture and fishing industry.


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The EEA (English: EEA Agreement) was signed on May 2, 1992 and entered into force on January 1, 1994.


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Currently, the EEA includes 31 states, including 28 member states of the European Union (27 on a permanent basis and temporarily applied to Croatia) and three of the four EFTA member countries ( Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein).


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

EFTA member Switzerland is not formally a member of the EEA, but has a number with the EU, giving it the same rights as the EEA member states, but retaining the right of Switzerland to have a permissive procedure for EU citizens to the Swiss labor market.


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Participants


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The economic zone includes all countries of the European Union and three of the four countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein).


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Switzerland is not formally a member of the European Economic Area, but has all the rights and obligations of its member, including the obligation to provide free access of EU citizens to the internal labor market and the right Swiss nationals are free to work throughout the EEA.


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Citizens of Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican are not allowed to work freely in the EEA (with the exception of certain countries).


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

At the same time, due to the association of these countries with Spain, France and Italy, their territory is de facto (but not de jure) part of the EEA.


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The EEA should not be confused with the Eurozone, the Schengen area, the EU Customs Union, which includes all EU countries (with the exception of a number of territories), Andorra, San Marino, Turkey and British possessions in Europe, with The European VAT Area, which includes all EU countries (with the exception of a number of territories), as well as Monaco.


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

EEA requirements


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The countries of the European Economic Area have established requirements for ensuring the following “freedoms”:


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

free trade in goods,


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

free trade in services,


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

free movement of labor resources,


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

free movement of capital.


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Countries that are not members of the EU but acceding to the European Economic Area agree to bring their national legislation in the field of social policy, consumer protection, protect the environment, regulate companies and keep statistics in line with EU legislation.


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

EEA institutions


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The EEA structure includes the following institutions:


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The Council is the supreme decision-making body (members of the EFTA Council, members of the European Commission, one representative from each EFTA member),


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

The Joint Committee is a forum for the exchange of views and information, a body for seeking and making decisions (high officials of the Commission and EU and EFTA Member States),


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Advisory Committee (members of the EU Economic and Social Committee, members of the EFTA Advisory Committee),


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Joint Parliamentary Committee.


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

See also


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Central European Free Trade Association


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

EFTA


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Common Economic Space


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Mercosur


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Notes


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Category:European integration


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Category:Economy of the European Union


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Category:Economy of Iceland


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Category:Economy of Norway


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Category:Economy of Liechtenstein


Question: How does JEFTA stand for?

European Economic Area

Category:European Economic Area


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Chrysanthemum (Latin: Chrysánthemum, from Greek: crosantes, “golden-colored”; explained by the yellow color of the inflorescences) is a genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family, or Asteraceae, Yarrow and Tansy close to genera, where many types of chrysanthemums often move.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

According to the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), the genus includes 29 species [1] native to the temperate and northern zones of the globe, mainly in Asia.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Until recently, chrysanthemum varieties common in culture were classified as botanical species Indian dendranthemum, or small-flowered chrysanthemum (Dendranthema indicum) and dendranthema silky-leaved, or large-flowered chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium).


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The question of the origin of hybrids remains far from being resolved.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Russian botanist N. N. Tsvelev (1961) suggests that the ancestral species of small-flowered hybrid chrysanthemums is the dendranthemum, or Indian chrysanthemum, “crossed with other white-flowered and pink-flowered species” [2].


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Korean chrysanthemum is most often used as ornamental plants of open ground in central Russia.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Description


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Plants are annual and perennial, herbaceous or semi-shrubs.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The shoots are bare or pubescent.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The leaves are arranged in the next order, simple, whole, serrated, notched or dissected, different in size and shape, pubescent and not, mostly light green.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The flowers are small, collected in a basket, large in some species, consisting, as a rule, of median tubular yellow flowers and reed marginal flowers, variously colored and usually arranged in a single row; of many hybrid varieties, they are arranged in many rows and form the so-called “double” inflorescence.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The fruit is an achene.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Use in ornamental gardening


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The culture of ornamental garden chrysanthemums has a thousand-year history.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

In China, where most of the chrysanthemums come from, garden forms began to be bred as early as 551 BC.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Then the chrysanthemums were brought to Japan, where they became a national flower.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Plants came to Europe in the 17th century, and to Russia in the middle of the 19th century.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The decorative qualities of chrysanthemums were highly valued, and as a result of breeding work, a huge number of their forms, groups and varieties appeared.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Some types of chrysanthemums can be successfully grown in Russia in the open air, others only in greenhouses, but all of them are appreciated by flower growers for the brightness of colors, long flowering, lightness breeding.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

There are many different classifications of garden chrysanthemums.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Application


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

In Chinese folk medicine, chrysanthemum is used as a medicinal plant: its leaves are prescribed for migraines, and dried flowers are prescribed to improve appetite.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

In many countries, chrysanthemum flowers and leaves were used to treat eye diseases, malaria, alcoholism, gastric diseases, and to prevent cardiovascular diseases.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

In Asian countries, shoots, leaves and especially inflorescences are eaten as vegetables and a delicious dessert.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

A popular food species in China is the crowned chrysanthemum, known there as tonghao.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

In recent years, the potted (indoor) culture of chrysanthemums has become widespread.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Chrysanthemums adorn the home and garden and give them the elegance of shapes, and in Japan they have special gardens.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Symbolism


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Chrysanthemum is traditionally depicted on coins and the state emblem of Japan, one of the highest awards of the country is the Order of Chrysanthemum


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The 16-petalled yellow chrysanthemum is also depicted on the imperial seal of Japan officially adopted in 1889.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Ancient Japanese poets sang chrysanthemum in their poems.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The “golden flower” did not remain without the attention of Russian poets either.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

For more than a hundred years, Nikolai Harito's old sad romance “Chrysanthemums have faded in the garden for a long time...” (1910) has been played.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Species


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Chrysanthemum in culture and art


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

The chrysanthemum throne is the western name for the throne of the Emperor of Japan, used since the 19th century.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

“Chrysanthemums” is an old Russian romance.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Words and music by N. Harito, editor V. Shumsky.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

“Nine Chrysanthemums” is a 1999 song by Valery Leontiev.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Words by N. Zinoviev, music by R. Muratov said.


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Notes


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Literature


Question: When did chrysanthemum garden be grown in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Nedoluzhko A. AND.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

— Vladivostok: BSI FEB RAS, 2004.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

— 51 p.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Pavlova T. Chrysanthemums: Siberian hybrids.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

//Floriculture.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

— 1996.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

— No. 6.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Aleksandrova L. Growing rug.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

//AIF at the dacha.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

— 2000.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

— No. 23.


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

References


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

v


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

grower


Question: When did they start growing garden chrysanthemum in Russia?

Chrysanthem

Category:Umbilical


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a major European conflict that began in 1701 after the death of Charles II, the last Spanish king of the Habsburg dynasty.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Charles bequeathed all his possessions to Philip, Duke of Anjou, grandson of King Louis XIV of France, who later became King Philip V of Spain.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The war began with an attempt by Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I to defend the right of his dynasty (also the Habsburgs) to Spanish possessions.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

When Louis XIV began to expand his territories more aggressively, some European powers (mainly England and the Dutch Republic) sided with the Holy Roman Empire to prevent the strengthening of France.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Other states have joined the alliance between France and Spain to try to acquire new territories or protect existing ones.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The war took place not only in Europe, but also in North America, where the local conflict was called the war of Queen Anne by English colonists.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The war lasted more than a decade, and it showed the talents of such famous commanders as the Duke of Villars and the Duke of Berwick (France), the Duke of Marlborough (England) and Prince Eugene of Savoy (Austria).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The war ended with the signing of the Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt (1714) agreements.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

As a result, Philip V remained King of Spain, but lost the right to inherit the French throne, which broke the dynastic alliance of the crowns of France and Spain.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Austrians received most of the Spanish possessions in Italy and the Netherlands.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

As a result, French hegemony over continental Europe ended, and the idea of a balance of power, reflected in the Utrecht Agreement, became part of the international order.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Prerequisites


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Since Charles II of Spain was mentally and physically ill from early childhood and had no children, and there were no other men in the Spanish branch of the Habsburg family, the question of inheriting the huge Spanish the empire — which, in addition to Spain, also included possessions in Italy and America, Belgium and Luxembourg — was a constant subject of discussion [1] :271—273.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Two dynasties claimed the Spanish throne: the Bourbons of France and the Austrian Habsburgs; both royal families were closely associated with the last king of Spain [1] :273—274.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The most legitimate heir from the point of view of Spanish traditions, which allowed the succession to the throne through the female line, was Louis the Great Dauphin, the only legitimate son of the French king Louis XIV and Spanish Princess Maria Theresa, elder half-sister of Charles II [1] :273—274.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In addition, Louis XIV himself was a cousin of his wife and King Charles II, as his mother was Princess Anne of Austria of Spain, sister of King Philip IV of Spain, father of Charles II.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Dauphin, as the first heir to the French throne, faced a difficult choice: if he inherited the French and Spanish kingdoms, he would have to control a huge empire, which threatened the balance of power in Europe.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In addition, Anna and Maria Theresa renounced their rights to the Spanish inheritance under the terms of the marriage contract.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In the latter case, the refusal did not enter into force, as it was a condition for Spain to pay the dowry of Infanta Maria Theresa, which the French crown never received.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Another candidate was Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, who belonged to the Austrian branch of the Habsburg dynasty.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Since the Habsburg House adhered to Salic law, Leopold I followed Charles in the dynastic hierarchy, since both of them descended from Philip I of Habsburg.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In addition, Leopold was a cousin of the King of Spain, his mother was also the sister of Philip IV and did not renounce her rights to the Spanish throne when she married; moreover, Charles II's father, Philip IV mentioned the Austrian branch of the Habsburgs as heirs in his will.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This candidate also raised concerns among other powers, since Leopold's accession to the Spanish inheritance would have revived the Spanish-Austrian Habsburg Empire of the sixteenth century.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In 1668, just three years before the coronation of Charles II, the then childless Leopold I agreed to the division of Spanish territories between the Bourbons and the Habsburgs, even though Philip IV bequeathed him undivided power.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, in 1689, when King William III of England enlisted the support of the emperor in the Nine Years' War, he promised to support the emperor's claim to the entire Spanish Empire.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Another candidate for the Spanish throne was Crown Prince Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, born in 1692.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

He belonged to the Wittelsbach dynasty and was the maternal grandson of Leopold I.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

His mother, Maria Antonia, was the daughter of Leopold I from his first marriage to the youngest daughter of Philip IV of Spain, Margarita Teresa [1] :273—274.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Since Joseph Ferdinand was neither Bourbon nor Habsburg, the likelihood of Spain merging with France or Austria in the event of his coronation was low.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Although Leopold I and Louis XIV sought to seat their descendants on the Spanish throne: Leopold I, his youngest son, Archduke Charles, and Louis XIV, the youngest son of the Dauphin, Duke of Anjou, The Bavarian prince remained the safest candidate.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, England and the Netherlands chose to bet on him.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Moreover, Joseph Ferdinand was named the rightful heir to the Spanish throne by the will of Charles II.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

As the Nine Years' War came to an end in 1697, the issue of the Spanish inheritance became critical.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

England and France, weakened by the conflict, signed the Hague Agreement, according to which they recognized Joseph Ferdinand as heir to the Spanish throne, but Spain's possessions in Italy and the Netherlands were to be are divided between France and Austria.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

This decision was made without the consent of the Spaniards, who were against the division of their empire.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Thus, when signing the Hague Agreement, Charles II of Spain agreed to call the Bavarian prince his successor, but inherited him the entire Spanish Empire, and not the parts that were chosen for him England and France.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The young Bavarian prince suddenly died of smallpox on the night of February 5-6, 1699, which again raised the issue of the Spanish inheritance [1] :281.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

England and France soon ratified the London Agreement, according to which they gave the Spanish throne to Archduke Charles.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Italian territories passed to France, and the Archduke retained all other possessions of the Spanish Empire [1] :282—283.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Austrians, who did not participate in the signing of the agreement, were extremely dissatisfied; they openly sought ownership of the whole of Spain, and they were most interested in Italian territories: they were richer, were close to Austria and were easier to manage.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In addition, Austria's international prestige and influence in Europe have increased after the Karlovice Peace Treaty, which was extremely beneficial to it.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain, outrage at the agreement was even greater; the court unanimously opposed the division of possessions [1] :284, but there was no unity with whom to support, the Habsburgs or the Bourbons.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Supporters of France were in the majority, and in October 1700, for the sake of them, Charles II bequeathed all his possessions to the second son of the Dauphin, the Duke of Anjou [1] :289.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Charles took steps to prevent the merger of France and Spain; according to his decision, if Philippe of Anjou succeeded the French throne, Spanish would pass to his younger brother, Duke de Berry.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Archduke Charles was next on the inheritance list after the Duke of Anjou and his brother.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At first, the Allies did not object to the accession to the Spanish throne of the Duke of Anjou, setting only conditions for the transfer of the Spanish Netherlands (Belgium) to England and Holland to make a buffer out of it between France and Holland, and Austria has Spanish possessions in Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

But after the outbreak of the war (in 1703), the Allies nominated Archduke Charles as a candidate for the Spanish throne, and Portugal was involved in the alliance, on the basis of which Charles was to, with the help of the Anglo- of the Dutch Navy to take over Spain.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Charles III had supporters in Catalonia and Aragon, while southern Spain was on the side of Philip of Anjou (elected King Philip V).


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The beginning of war


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

When the news of Charles II's will came to the French court, Louis XIV's advisers convinced him that it would be safer to accept the terms of the London Agreement of 1700 and not get involved in the war for the entire Spanish succession.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, the French Foreign Minister explained to the king that if France encroaches on all or only part of the Spanish Empire, a war with Austria is inevitable, which did not agree to the division Spanish possessions provided for by the London Agreement.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In addition, according to Charles's will, the Duke of Anjou was to receive either the entire Spanish Empire or not receive anything; if he refused, the right to inherit the entire empire passed to his younger brother Phillip, Charles, Duke de Berry, and in case of his refusal, Archduke Charles.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Knowing that the maritime powers - England and the Dutch Republic - would not support him in the war with Austria and Spain in the event of an attempt to divide the latter, Louis decided to accept the will of the Spanish king and allow to his grandson to inherit all Spanish possessions.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Upon learning that Louis and Philippe of Anjou had accepted the will, the Spanish ambassador exclaimed: “There are no more Pyrenees” [2].


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Charles II died on November 1, 1700, and on November 24, Louis XIV proclaimed Philip of Anjou King of Spain.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Philip V was named king of the entire Spanish Empire, despite the London Agreement signed earlier with the British.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, William III of Orange did not declare war on France, without the support of the elite either in England or in Holland.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

However, Louis chose an overly aggressive path to defend French hegemony in Europe.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

It cut off England and the Netherlands from trade with Spain, which seriously threatened the commercial interests of these two countries.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

William III concluded the Hague Agreement with the Dutch Republic and Austria in September 1701, according to which Philip V was still recognized as King of Spain, but Austria received the coveted Spanish possessions in Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The Austrians also had to take control of the Spanish Netherlands, thereby protecting the region from French control.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Austria and Holland again obtained their commercial rights in Spain.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

A few days after the signing of the agreement, James II, the previous king of England, died in France, who was removed from the throne by William in 1688.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Although Louis had previously recognized William III as King of England by signing the Risvik Agreement, he now stated that only his son could be the only heir to the deceased William III of Orange Exiled James II, James Francis Edward Stewart (old challenger) [1] :292.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Outraged England and the Dutch Republic (Louis angered it by the introduction of French troops into the Spanish Netherlands) responded by assembling their armies and declared war on France and Spain on May 14, 1702.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

On May 15, Austria joined England and Holland [1] :293.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The armed conflict began with the introduction of Austrian troops under the command of Eugene of Savoy into the Duchy of Milan, one of the Spanish territories in Italy.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

England, Holland and most of the German states (including Prussia and Hanover) sided with the Austrians, while Bavaria, Cologne, Portugal and Savoy supported France and Spain.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

In Spain itself, the cortes of Aragon, Valencia and Catalonia (former territories of the Kingdom of Aragon) expressed their support for the Austrian archduke.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Even after the death of William III in 1702, under his successor, Queen Anne, England continued to actively wage war under the leadership of Ministers Godolphin and Marlborough.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Venice declared its neutrality despite pressure from the powers, but could not prevent foreign armies from violating its sovereignty.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

Pope Innocent XII first supported Austria, but after some concessions from Louis XIV - France.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The first battles (1701—1703)


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The main theaters of operations in Europe were the Netherlands, Southern Germany, Northern Italy and Spain proper.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

At sea, the main events took place in the Mediterranean basin.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

For devastated and impoverished Spain, the outbreak of war was a real disaster.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The State Treasury was empty.


Question: When did the war for the Spanish Succession begin?

Spanish Succession War

The government had no ships or an army; in 1702, it was difficult to gather two thousand soldiers for an expedition to Italy.