Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Position of the Austrian Empire


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

France's position


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

UK position


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Dictators' campaigns


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Ludwik Meroslavsky's Campaign February 7 (19) — February 10 (22), 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Ludwik Meroslawski, elevated by the Paris Central Committee to the rank of dictator, crossed the border with Prussia from Poznan at Krzywosondz with Secretary Kurzyna and 12 mercenary officers of various nations.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

They were joined by 100 students from Warsaw and the nearest small rebel detachments, with a total of about 500 people gathered.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On February 7 (19), this group collided at the edge of the Krzywosondz forest with a detachment of Colonel Schilder-Schuldner (3.5 companies, 60 Cossacks and 50 border guards), which easily dispersed this rebel detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Meroslavsky left with the remnants of the detachment and on February 8 (20) joined Melenetsky in the village of Troyachek.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The group occupied the edge of the forest near Troyachek, where it was finally defeated on February 9 (21) by Schilder-Shuldner.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On February 10 (22), 1863, Meroslavsky fled to Paris.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Marian Langevich's campaign January 10 (22) — March 7 (19), 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Meanwhile, Marian Langevich gained fame at this time.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Seeing the shortcomings of his rebel group, after losing to Shidlovets, he decided to reorganize it and therefore went to Vonhotsk in a dense forest, where in a short time he assembled and organized a detachment of up to 2,500 men with several guns.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On January 20 (February 1), 1863, a detachment of regular troops of Major General Mikhail Mark opposed Langevich from Radom.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At dawn on January 22 (February 3), he occupied Wonchock without a fight, from where Langevic began his retreat to the Swietokrzyskie Mountains the day before, having previously divided his detachment into 2 groups.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Mark's regular troops lost track of them and returned to Radom on January 24 (February 5).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Meanwhile, part of Langevich's detachment of 1500 people, under the command of Colonel Chakhovsky, went to the foot of the mountains and became a camp near the village of Slupya-Nova.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Langevich, with the remaining 1000 rebels, climbed Lysa Gora, and occupied the monastery of the Holy Cross.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Meanwhile, on January 30 (February 11), Colonel Chengera's detachment marched from Kletse against Langevich, and after a heavy 40-kilometer night crossing on January 31 (February 12), attacked and almost defeated it.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, thanks to skillful tactics, Langevich and most of the detachment still managed to begin a successful retreat south to Staszow on February 1 (13), 1863 in order to replenish the detachment with volunteers and provisions.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Langevich's detachment took up the place without a fight on February 3 (15), 1863.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Then, having defeated a detachment of regular troops of Major Zagryazhsky sent to intercept him near Stashuvum, but did not find significant support in Sandomierz district, Langevich began withdrawing in the morning of February 6 (18) its connection to the north-west to Malogosch.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the way, by order of the National Government, he was joined by smaller groups of rebels.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

These forces reached Malogosch on February 10 (22), where they were joined by the largest independent detachment of Antony Ezioransky and the remnants of Apolinary Kurovsky's detachment the next day removed from the position of commander for the defeat near Mehuv.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Thus, Langevich's forces again increased to 3 thousand people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result of the battle that followed on February 12 (24) near Malogosche by a joint attack by a combined group of regular troops under the command of Colonel Chengera, Lieutenant Colonel Dobrovolsky and Major Golubev, the detachment Langevich was practically defeated, losing more than 1,100 people (mostly wounded and prisoners).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The next day, the remnants of Langevich's forces began an emergency retreat south, to the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, to go to Austrian Galicia for replenishment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On February 19 (March 3), the equestrian avant-garde from Langevich's detachment occupied the Peskova Skala castle owned by Count Myshkovsky without a fight.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, on February 20 (March 4), the rebels were driven out of there by a detachment of regular troops under the command of General Shakhovsky.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, due to the latter's hindsight, the rebels again successfully managed to escape 4 km southeast to the town of Skala, in the outskirts of the cemetery of which they defeated a detachment of regular troops of the major Stonsenwald.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result of this successful maneuver, the rebels managed to escape from the encirclement and leave southeast to Mekhov district, where they set up their camp near the village of Goshcha, just 9 kilometers from the Austrian borders.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

There, thanks to the inaction of regular troops, the rebels managed to obtain a significant replenishment, consisting of volunteers from nearby villages and Galicia.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result, by early March, they again had more than 3,000 personnel and several guns.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On February 26 (March 10), Langevich proclaimed himself the dictator of the uprising.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The next day, he appointed rebel Colonel Antony Jezioransky as commander of his “armed forces”, awarding him the rank of general.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, Jezioransky opposed the dictatorship of Langevich, and as a result of the conflict between them, he withdrew his detachment of several hundred rebels to the Austrian Empire, weakening Langevich's forces.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the morning of February 28 (March 12), Langevich received a report from local residents that regular troops were going to attack his camp in Goscha, causing on the night of March 1 (13), rebels on his the order left Goscha and went north, intending to invade Keletsky or Stopnitsky district (now Kaletsky and Bussia counties of Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In response, a detachment of Colonel Chengerogo (4 infantry companies, 2 dragoons squadrons, fifty Cossacks, 4 guns) came from Kielce on March 4 (16), a total of about 1000 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Following first across and then on the heels of the enemy, Chengera caught up with a rearguard column of Polish rebels on the afternoon of March 5 (17), leaving the village of Chrobzh with several wagons.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After an unsuccessful attempt to impose a battle on the rebels, the rebels managed to break through to Langevich's main forces, which concentrated in a dense forest northwest of Busko-Zdrój, as led the next day to the battle of Grohovisko in which regular troops did not act smoothly and allowed Langevich's rebels to escape from pursuit to the village of Velic.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At dawn on March 7 (19), they retreated to Vislica, crossed the Nida River and burned the bridge behind them.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Most of the rebels (about 2000) managed to leave for the Vistula in Opatowce, with them was Langevich, who was arrested by the Austrians on March 8 (20), 1863, stopping his own company.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The second part of the rebels from the Langevich detachment, totaling up to 850 people, led by the rebel general Jozef Smichevsky on March 7 (19), 1863, moved along the river, through the towns of Kosice and Nové - Brzesko, to the land border with the Austrian Empire.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

By morning, regular troops practically managed to catch up with the rebels near the village of Igolom.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Later, on the same day, Smichevsky was informed about the approach of regular troops to Igolomi.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Then he ordered most of the rebels to move to the village of Czernichuva and cross the border in that place.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In Igolomi, for cover, there were only about 50 rebels under the command of the captain of the rebel troops Stanislav Verzhbinsky, who took up the defense in the village.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

During the subsequent assault on the village, the rebels of Verzbitsky, at the cost of their lives, managed to detain a detachment of regular troops for almost half a day, as a result of which almost 800 rebels.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Changes in the Provisional National Government


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After the flight of Marian Langevich, the highest supervision of the actions of individual units again passed to the interim national government in a new composition: Oscar Aveide (administration and secretariat), Karol Ruprecht (finance), Agathon Giller, Edward Sivinsky (press) and Jozef Kajetan Yanovsky (military unit).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The new zhond of the people, having asked for the blessing of the Pope, established control in the collection and expenditure of donations, took care of giving the rebels good weapons and clothing.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The uprising took the form of a guerrilla war; individual units had several successful clashes with Russian troops.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the same time, the jond issued a decree on the allocation of land to peasants and appointed Prince Vladislav Czartoryisky as his main foreign agent (individual agents existed in all the most important European cities).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Shortly after Count Berg arrived in Warsaw (March 24), the jond reformed again, with Aveide and Yanovsky remaining from the old composition, and Mayevsky (administration and finance), Golemberg ( military affairs and foreign relations) and Krzeminski (press).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

This composition organized departments to manage certain industries of cases, established a verification commission for the layout of taxes, opened a national guard, etc. There was also an idea to organize at least a small fleet to force the European powers, according to one of the principles of international law, to recognize Poland as a belligerent; but after one unsuccessful attempt this thought was abandoned.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Expanding the area and scale of the up


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Meanwhile, many new rebel detachments began to appear, and the old ones did not stop replenishing, the uprising covered new areas, the rebel detachments established the correct military organization.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Martial law was restored, which was abolished at the end of 1862.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The Kingdom of Poland was divided into military departments: Plotsky (G.-l. Semeka), Lublin (g.-l. Khrushchov), Radomsky (g.-l. Ushakov), Kalishsky (g.-l. Brunner), Varshavsky, and for the protection of communications special departments of the Warsaw-Vienna, Warsaw-Bromberg and Warsaw-Petersburg railways.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Division chiefs were given the right to try those captured with weapons in their hands by a field military court and carry out executions.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The troops were ordered to concentrate in independent detachments from all branches of the armed forces and send mobile columns to destroy and disperse the rebellious formations.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The detachments gathered by January 20 (February 1), but this measure was unsuccessful; they left many county towns and factory centers without troops, and meanwhile they developed strong propaganda, stopped at the factories work and began to make weapons and form detachments.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

From February to March 1863, volunteers from various European countries began to arrive in the zone engulfed by the uprising.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

By December 1863, more than 600 people had arrived from Italy, including the hero of Risorgimento Francesco Nullo [8].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

More than 1,000 people came from Hungary [9].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Between 100 and 300 people came from France [10].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The governments of these countries themselves took a position of virtually anti-Russian neutrality or verbally supported the Polish rebels, but did not provide any real assistance.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In March 1863, the National Government managed to reach an agreement with representatives of the radical wing of the organization “Earth and Freedom” led by I. IN. Kinevich about inciting an uprising in the Volga region in order to distract part of the regular troops from the region, but the conspiracy was uncovered and ended in failure.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Attempts by the National Government to gain significant support for the rebellion from the peasantry both in the Kingdom of Poland and in the Western Territory, despite all the promises of the uprising after the victory transformations and privileges also did not have serious success, the peasants did not understand the vague ideas of the uprising, and only about 20% of those who supported the rebellion throughout the territory covered by it came from from the peasant class [11].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In total, the total number of people who supported the uprising throughout the territory covered by it is distributed as follows.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In the Kingdom of Poland, at different times, they were members of rebel detachments, and provided various types of assistance to the rebels from — up to 400,000 people [12].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In the North-West Territory, there are from 72,000 to 77,000 people [13].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

There are only a little more than 3,000 people in the South-Western Territory [14].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The peak of the total number of personnel of the rebel detachments throughout the territory covered by the rebellion was reached in May 1863, and was about people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the end of August 1863, only about people fought in the rebel detachments.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In November 1863, the total number of rebels fell to people, in December to 7,000, and in February 1864, only about 3,000 people fought in the rebel detachments in total [15] [3] [16].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the contrary, the number of Russian troops in the province increased more than 3.5 times during the uprising from 60,000 in January 1863 to 220,000 by the fall of 1864.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The height of hostilities occurred in May-August 1863.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

According to official reports, there were 547 separate clashes in 1863, 84 in 1864, a total of 631.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Despite some failures (for example, the battle near Zhirzhin), the overall advantage remained on the side of the Russian regular troops, since all the victories of the rebels had only tactical or temporary local - strategic nature (for example, the battle in Sosnowiec).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Fighting in the Kingdom of Poland


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Leon Frankovsky's campaign January 10 (22) — January 27 (February 8), 1863.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Leon Frankovsky is the youngest of the official rebel commanders of the uprising.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

His detachment consisted of about 100 people, and operated first in Lublin, and then in Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Since autumn 1862, Commissioner of the Lublin Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the very beginning of the uprising, he organized a detachment of students from Pulaw (no more than 100 people) and became the commander of this detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

(11) On January 23, Kazimierz Dolny took without a fight and (12) on January 24 defeated the Russian detachment at Kurov, capturing 40 thousand rubles.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The clash had no military significance, soon the rebels were threatened by complete encirclement by regular troops and went south, and then crossed the Vistula River.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The rebels set up their camp in the vicinity of Sandomierz near the village of Slupca on the border of the Lublin and Swietokrzydy voivodeships.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

(January 27) On February 8, Frankovsky's detachment was completely destroyed at Slupce (near Sandomierz) by a detachment of Lieutenant Colonel Mednikov.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Leon Frankovsky himself was wounded and captured in this battle.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Sentenced to death by hanging.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

He was executed in Lublin on April 4 (16), 1863.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Apolinary Kurovsky's campaign January 10 (22) — February 11 (23), 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The detachment of the rebel colonel Apolinary Kurovsky numbered from 200 to 2500 people and operated in the area of Kaletsky and part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the night of January 22-23, 1863, Apolinariy Kurovsky, at the head of a detachment of 200 poorly armed rebels, occupied the Karczowski Monastery in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, having learned about the significant concentration of regular troops in Kielce, he was forced to abandon the attack on the town due to the lack of forces and weapons in the detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After that, Kurovsky dissolved part of the detachment, and with those who wished to stay, including his deputy Wojciech Biechonski, moved south.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On January 13 (25), 1863, Kurovsky, at the head of a detachment of several dozen rebels, joined a detachment of rebels led by Ignatiy Doborsky.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Together, they decided to establish a camp in the forests surrounding the city of Ojców to collect human and material resources.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On January 15 (27), the rebels of Kurovsky occupied the city of Jędrzejów without a fight, but on January 18 (30), 1863, the place had to be left due to the approach of significant forces of regular troops.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Kurovsky's detachment with a total of up to 250 people, having gone south, due to the inaction of regular troops in the region, already on January 26 (February 7) fights Sosnowiec, where the rebels captured 40 horses, more 100 firearms and rubles, which were immediately transferred to the National Government.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

And already on January 28 (February 9), 1863, Kurovsky's detachment occupied Ojcow without a fight, where it created a point for collecting human and material resources.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

By mid-February, due to the inaction of regular troops in the region, Kurovsky's detachment increases to 2500 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On February 4 (16), Kurovsky's rebels occupied Skala.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After that, Kurovsky, having learned that in Miechuv there are only two companies of regular troops from the Smolensk regiment under the command of Major Nelepin, since the local voivode Prince Bagration with the rest of the troops came out on 2 (14) February with the intention of cutting off Kurovsky's forces from the Austrian border, thus depriving him of human and material replenishment, decided with a sudden blow from the south and west, occupy the city.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, due to Kurovsky's hindsight, already on February 5 (17), 1863, his detachment suffers a serious defeat near Miechuv, losing about 400 out of 2500 people killed, wounded and captured, after which the rebels Kurowski began a hasty retreat to the north, intending to go to Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship to join the forces of General Langevich.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, due to this fatal mistake, the rebels of Kurovsky failed to maintain control over Ojcuv.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Left there, the rear guard of 200 rebels under the command of Colonel Jozef Novak, after hearing about the defeat, began to retreat from the city to the northeast on February 6 (18).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, despite the almost complete encirclement by regular troops, on February 8 (20), 1863, Novak's rebels after the battle of Zarnovets were able to break through and join the detachment of Antony Jezioranski who was then in Radkow.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On February 10 (22), 1863, the rebels in a hurry left Sosnowiec.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result of the complete disorganization of the retreat and a number of mistakes made by Kurovsky, a total of about 600 rebels managed to escape from the pursuit of regular troops together with their commander to join General Marian Langevich's detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The regular troops that occupied Ojców captured many of the rebels left there, in addition, they seized documents and lists of personnel of the Kurovsky detachment, several carts of food and almost everything rebel firearms.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

For this fatal mistake, Apolinary Kurovsky was removed from the post of commander on February 11 (23), 1863 and summoned to Krakow for a session of the revolutionary court [17].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The remnants of his detachment joined the forces of General Langevich and no longer took part in the uprising as an independent combat unit.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The campaign of Vladislav Chichorsky and Zygmunt Podalevsky January 10 (22) — April 10 (22), 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On January 10 (22), 1863, Vladislav Chichorsky received the rank of colonel of the rebel troops, after which he led a detachment mainly consisting of representatives of the small-land gentry and numbered about 50 people, without a fight, occupied the town of Vysoke Mazowieckie, then, having replenished the detachment with volunteers, occupied Tykocin on January 12 (24).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On January 15 (27), Vladislav Chichorsky's detachment occupied the railway station in Chizhev, but failed to seize the entire town, and on January 16 (28), the detachment left the railway station with losses.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, on January 17 (29), the rebels of Chichorsky occupied the town of Tsekhanovets, where they received a significant replenishment of people and ammunition, and the number of the detachment increased to 800 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The rebels left the place on January 21 (February 2), 1863 under the onslaught of regular troops.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After that, Chichorsky's detachment, by order of the National Government, joined the detachment of Roman Roginsky and occupied Semyatichi on January 23 (February 4), 1863, where the number of the detachment for a short time it was possible to increase to 3000 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, after fierce battles for the city with regular troops in the evening of January 26 (February 7), Chichorsky with the remnants of his detachment (about 700 people) retreated to Belaya Pushcha, where he became a camp.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On February 15 (27), 1863, his detachment was attacked by regular troops near the village of Przetich, where Chichorski's detachment again suffered significant losses and was forced to retreat the next day in the direction of Pultuska, pursued by many superior forces of regular troops.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On February 18 (March 2), 1863, Vladislav Chichorsky handed over command of the detachment to Zygmunt Padlevsky, and he remained in the detachment as an ordinary fighter, participating in clashes with regular troops near Dabrowy on February 24 (March 8), Myshkowice on February 25 (March 9) and Hozel on March 3 (15), 1863 [18].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On March 9 (21), 1863, the detachment was practically defeated by regular troops near the town of Radzanov.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After that, Chichorsky fled to Prussia.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Padalevsky tried to withdraw the remnants of the detachment to the south-west and for about a month he managed to escape the pursuit of regular troops, getting involved in minor clashes with them and committing sabotage.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Padalevsky counted on the support of the rebellion by the local population, but these hopes were in vain.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Then he decided to lead his detachment, which still lacked weapons and human reserves to the Prussian border, as he received misinformation that in the area of the village of Bozemin from the A significant detachment of rebels with a large number of weapons, ammunition and food must cross the border of Prussia.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result, on the morning of April 9 (21), 1863, Padalevsky, accompanied by four soldiers of his detachment from personal security, left Maslovka on horseback towards Bozheminy.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the night of April 10 (22), they came across a Cossack patrol at the specified meeting point.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Padalevsky tried to pay off the Cossacks by offering them a bribe first of 100, and then 500 rubles, but was refused.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Having found during the search of the wagon documents sealed by the National Government and a white Confederate woman that Padlevsky was going to wear when meeting with a non-existent rebel detachment, the patrol detained and escorted them to Lipno.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After a series of interrogations, Zygmunt Padalevsky was sentenced to death by hanging and executed on May 3 (15), 1863 [19].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Ignatius Mystkovsky and Carol Fryche Campaign January 11 (23) — May 11 (23), 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Ignatius Mystkowski's detachment numbered in different periods from 50 to 1,200 people, and operated in the central part of the Mazovian Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Appointed in Warsaw at the beginning of the uprising as a major of the rebel forces, Mystkowski, on the afternoon of January 11 (23), 1863, arrived by train to Malkinja Gora with a detachment of 50 associates.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After spending 2 days in the village and conducting significant campaigning among local youth, he managed to increase the number of his detachment to 200 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After that, on January 13 (25), Mystkovsky's detachment arrived in Chizhev, but practically immediately the rebels left it and went to Belaya Pushcha, which they conceived as a place of concentration of forces and means.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After setting up their camp there, the rebels received reinforcements within a few days consisting of volunteers totaling up to 70 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Meanwhile, regular troops, having learned about the concentration of rebels in Belaya Pushcha and the threat of sabotage on the Petersburg-Warsaw railway, fearing to be cut off from supplies, sent significant forces to region, which were stationed in Pultusk.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, the exact location of the rebel camp could not be determined for a long time due to the difficult terrain.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Meanwhile, on February 16 (28), 1863, Mystkovsky's detachment first engaged in battle with regular troops, attacking minor Russian guards patrolling the railway bridge across the Bug.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After the destruction of the guards, the rebels managed to destroy the railway track, but the rebels did not have enough explosives to blow up the bridge itself.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the night of April 22-23 (May 4-5), 1863, Mystkovsky's detachment managed to organize a successful ambush near Stock and defeat the Russian hussar squadron, capturing a lot of ammunition and horses.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

For this victory, the National Government awarded Ignatiy Myskovsky the rank of lieutenant colonel of the rebel army.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Then, on April 25 (May 7), nine hundred rebels from his detachment managed to unite with 300 rebels from the detachment of Polikarp Dombrovsky (brother of Yaroslav Dombrovsky) as a result, the rebel unit reached a maximum of 1,200 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Then the detachment headed along the railway to the north-west.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On April 27 (May 9), 1863, 35 rebels from his detachment under the command of Karol Fryce successfully captured a Russian wagon train with ammunition near the village of Laskovitsa, killing all the soldiers accompanying him regular troops.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On May 1 (13), 1863, near the village of Ketlyanka, Mystkovsky's detachment tried to ambush a train carrying 360 soldiers of the grenadier regiment under the command of Major General Nikolai Toll, and more weapons to the Malkinnia railway station.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, the local track crawler Sukhodolsky, who had previously noticed the approach of the detachment, for a monetary reward, spoke about the impending ambush to Russian customs officers at the station.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result, the train slowed down several tens of meters earlier and the attackers themselves were ambushed.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In the ensuing shootout, 40 rebels were killed, including Ignatiy Mystkovsky, another 25 were wounded and more than 80 were taken prisoner.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The rest, realizing that defeat was inevitable, began to scatter in different directions, some took refuge in the forests and surrounding villages, while the rest were gathered the next day by the only survivor Karol Fruce, an officer from the detachment, who appointed himself the new commander of the detachment, and took the remnants of the formation beyond the Bug, to the village of Dougosiadlo, where they camped in the forest.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The detachment managed to organize a number of minor sabotage against regular troops.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, on May 11 (23), 1863, their camp near the village of Lyaska was suddenly attacked by Russian troops.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In a fierce battle, almost all the rebels were killed or captured.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

A handful of survivors managed to escape from the battlefield and carried the seriously wounded Fruce with them on a stretcher, and moved to the village of Poreda, where Fryce died of serious injuries the next day.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The surviving rebels disbanded the detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Antony Jezioransky's campaign January 11 (23) — May 20 (June 1) 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The detachment of Colonel, then General Anthony Jezioransky (cousin of Jan Jezioransky), numbered in different periods from 375 to 820 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

It operated first in the area of the Ravskie Voivodeship (now part of the Lodz Voivodeship), then was part of the Langewicz detachment, operating in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, then after the flight of Langewicz and reformation, operated in the Lublin and Carpathian Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On January 23, he swore allegiance to the National Government.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

He was appointed commander of all rebel formations in the area of the Ravskie Voivodeship (now part of the Lodz Voivodeship).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The only rebel commander who at least partially coped with the original task - to create a stronghold for the collection and accumulation of human and material resources.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Having gathered about 375 people in his detachment, he joined the detachment of brothers Alexander and Frantisek Sokolovsky and on February 4, 1863 for some time gained control of part of Rava-Mazowiecka.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, it was not possible to completely occupy the city, as Jezioransky, having received information in time about the approach of a significant number of regular troops, limited himself to the release of political prisoners from the local prison, and the seizure of weapons from the warehouses of the local garrison, ordered to leave the place in a hurry.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After the battle, the rebels from Jezioransky's detachment went south.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Soon, he was ordered to move to join the detachment of General Marian Langevich.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the way, Jezeransky united under his command several smaller rebel detachments and entered into a number of minor clashes with small detachments of regular troops.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Finally, on February 10 (22), 1863, Jezeransky's detachments joined Langevich's detachments.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, two days later, the combined detachments, having suffered defeat by regular troops near Malogoszcz, were forced in a hurry to begin retreating south to the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

His detachment participated in the Battle of Sand Rock on February 20 (March 5), 1863, and the next day in the Battle of the Rock.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After that, together with Langevich, he went to Mekhovsky district and deployed his detachment near the village of Goshcha.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, after Langevich proclaimed himself the dictator of the uprising on February 26 (March 10) and appointed Jezioransky general, he and Langevich had a conflict.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Since Jezioransky opposed the dictatorship of Langevich and, in protest, on the night of February 27-28 (March 11-12), 1863, withdrew his detachment to the territory of the Austrian Empire.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After Langevich's flight, Antony Jezioransky, appointed commander-in-chief of all rebel forces in the Lublin Voivodeship, returned to the combat zone in April 1863 with a detachment of 800 well trained and armed rebels.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On May 1 (April 19) and May 6 (April 24), he won two battles with regular troops near Kobylyanka.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, significant losses of his unit, and the defeat at Huta-Krzeszowska on April 29 (May 11), 1863, forced him to go back to Galicia.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In mid-May 1863, he again took the remnants of his detachment to Austria, where he dissolved it (May 20) on June 1, 1863, because, in his own words, “he did not see the point in his own tactical victories “, and stopped seeing any sense in the continuation of the armed struggle.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the same day, he was accused by the PPP of treason, “deliberate defeatism”, and removed from all posts and stripped of all ranks and posts.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

He was arrested by Austrians in 1864.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Marcin Borelovsky's campaign January 10 (22) — August 25 (September 6), 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The detachment of the rebel colonel Martsin Borelovsky numbered in different periods from 150 to 700 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

It operated in the Lublin and Podlaskie Voivodeships.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

With the beginning of the uprising, in January 1863, Marcin Borelowski swore allegiance to the created Polish National Government, which he was promoted to colonel, and was appointed commander of all rebel forces in Lublin and Podlaskie Voivodeships.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

He brought together about 300 people under his command.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

His detachment received the sonorous name “Borelovsky brigade”.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The rebels of Borelovsky a killed minor guards, and burned several government warehouses of regular troops, near Hrubeszow.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In response, that evening, a large detachment of regular troops numbering 7 infantry companies and 150 Cossacks, under the command of Major Yakov Ogalin, left the Zamoya fortress in order to disperse the rebellious connection.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

This led to the Battle of Krasnobrod on March 12 (24) 1863.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, due to the unfavorable conditions of the relief and battle for the rebels, the Borelovsky brigade, having lost 86 out of 300 people killed and wounded, was forced to retreat.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The next time on April 4 (April 16), his brigade, faced regular troops in the battle near Borovy Mlyny, ended it in a draw.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After a draw near Borovy Mlyny, the detachment of Colonel Marcin Borelovsky was forced to temporarily retreat to the territory of Austria, but after a while returned to the territory of the Lublin region, equipped with weapons and recruits.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, due to the lack of manpower and combat experience, Borelovsky was afraid to get involved in major battles, limiting himself to guerrilla sorties, and clashes with minor enemy detachments.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The largest of which was the battle near the village of Jozefow, in which the rebels lost 13 people killed, including the famous Polish poet Mieczyslaw Romanowski, who fought in the Borelovsky detachment .


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

and Borelovsky's detachment joined the detachment of the captain of the rebel troops Sigismund Kuskovsky and their total forces began to number 180 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

This small detachment carried out a number of raids and sabotage against regular troops and attracted attention again.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

A detachment of Russian troops was sent against Borelovsky and Kuskovsky, which caught up with the rebels leaving persecution in the vicinity of the village of Khruslina.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, the rebel brigade again defeated regular troops near Khruslina, losing 22 out of 180 people killed.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In the summer of 1863, by order of the national government, he and his brigade crossed the Austrian border to replenish his cash force.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result, by August 1863, the Borelovsky brigade numbered about 700 personnel.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In mid-August 1863, he was ordered to return to the zone engulfed by the uprising.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the night of August 13-14 (25-26), he received an immediate order from the national government to move forward to help Michal Heidenreich's detachment defeated on August 12 (24) in the battle of Fajlavice.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Having joined on the way with the detachment of Kayatan Teshkovsky and a detachment of Hungarian mounted volunteers of 30 people, under the command of Eduard Nyaroy, Borelovsky managed to unite under his command about 1.230 people, and inflict a crushing defeat on August 22 (September 3) to a detachment of regular troops expelled to eliminate this unit near Panasovka.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After the battle, Teshkovsky and Borelovsky, however, disconnected again.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Teshkovsky and his detachment retreated to the north-west, and Borelovsky to the south, in the direction of Goray.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

During his rest in Otroch, his brigade was attacked by a detachment of Cossacks, Borelovsky was forced to withdraw even further south, in the direction of Batozh, where on August 25 (September 6), 1863, his entire detachment was completely defeated after being ambushed by regular troops on Owl Mountain.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Marcin Borelovsky himself was killed in a fierce shootout.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Edmund Tachanovsky Campaign April 5 (17) — August 17 (29), 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The rebel unit of Brigadier General Edmund Tachanovsky numbered in different periods from 1200 to 2000 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

It operated initially in Greater Poland Voivodeship, then in Lodz Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Edmund Tachanowski joined the uprising only at the end of March 1863, arriving from the territory of Greater Poland, which was under the rule of the Kingdom of Prussia.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Upon arrival, he immediately received the rank of colonel and from April 5 (17), 1863 commanded a large rebel force.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

His detachment operated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship and on April 17 (April 29), 1863 defeated Russian troops in the Battle of Pyzdry.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

A week later, on April 24 (May 6), his troops occupied the town of Kolo without a fight, but already on April 26 (May 8), 1863 Tachanovsky was completely defeated near Ignatsevo, and was forced, with the remnants of the detachment, to retreat to Lodz voivodeship, where he began to gather new forces.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the end of May 1863, the National Government awarded Edmund Tachanowski the rank of brigadier general, and appointed commander of all rebel formations in Kaliszk (now the territory is divided between Greater Poland, Lower Silesian and Lodz Voivodeships), and Masovian Voivodeships.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Over the summer, having again gathered significant forces numbering up to 1500 people, mainly consisting of local peasants and small nobles, unsuccessfully tried to occupy Zlochev on August 8 (August 20), 1863, after which briefly retreated to the town of Nemirov, and then to Sendzievitsy, where on August 14 (August 26) he killed the hussar squadron sent to eliminate his detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After the defeat of the Russian squadron, significant forces of regular troops were sent against Tachanovsky, which led to the re-defeat of his detachment in the battle of Krushina on August 28 [O.S.] — August 29 [O.S. 1863] August.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Shortly thereafter (September 1863), on behalf of the PPP, he went first to France and then to Turkey to establish ties with Polish diasporas abroad and attract volunteers.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Jozef Minevsky's campaign April 21 (May 3) — April 25 (May 7) 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In early May 1863, the National Government awarded Jozef Minewski, then in Krakow, the rank of colonel of the rebel troops and appointed him commander of the newly formed” Mazovian Corps” numbering about 500 fighters (Minevsky himself stated in his memoirs that the number of his detachment was 800 people).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In addition, more than 30 foreign volunteers fought in the Minewski Mazowski Corps, including Colonel Francesco Nullo and his adjutant Captain Stefano Marchetti.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The national government set Minewski the task of invading the Masovian Voivodeship and starting a campaign against regular troops there.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

According to the plan, Minevsky and his detachment were to establish control over the Matsky railway station in the Sosnowiec area, then seize the train and proceed along the Warsaw-Vienna railway to Masovian Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, the plan was initially violated, because fearing the disarmament of the detachment by the Austrian authorities, Jozef Minevsky began to implement his plan ahead of schedule without having time to prepare for the detachment significant material and food resources, in addition, information about the change in the action plan was not conveyed to all rebel commanders, so the detachment proceeded to implement the plan full force.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the night of April 21 (May 3), 1863, Minevsky's detachment with a total of 500 to 800 fighters crossed the auto-Russian border near the village of Chizhuvka.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the same time, the Minevsky rebels managed to establish control over one of the outposts by defeating a small detachment of the Russian border guard.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After that, most of the detachment led by Minewski marched southwest through Krzeszowice, where they were joined by a detachment of 30 foreign volunteers under the command of Francesco Nullo.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After that, the rebels camped near the village of Podlesye (now part of the city of Bukovno).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

150 rebels were left in the area of the previously seized checkpoint to wait for reinforcements with food and ammunition from Austrian territory.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, on the morning of April 22 (May 4), 1863, a detachment of regular troops attacked the rebels remaining on the border, which led to the battle of Podlesie, in which, however, the rebels managed to win.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Nevertheless, in the evening of April 22 (May 4), 1863, Minewski's detachment had to retreat northeast in the direction of Olkusz, and become a camp between the village of Krzykawka and the city itself, bypassing it.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

This maneuver led the next day to the defeat of the Mazowiecki Corps in the battle near Krzykwawka by a combined detachment from the 4th 7th and 9th companies of the Vitebsk Infantry Regiment under the command of A. AND. Shakhovsky, who left Olkush earlier to eliminate Minevsky's detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In battle, F. Nullo was killed, his adjutant Marchetti was seriously wounded and evacuated by some of the rebels who managed to break through from the battlefield in Chrzanow, where he died.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Having lost most of his personnel, food, ammunition and weapons, Minevsky under pressure from the surviving rebels was forced to stop his company, and on April 25 (May 7), 1863, c return to the territory of the Austrian Empire with the remnants of his detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Later, at the end of the rebellion, Minevsky in the vicinity of Lviv wanted to form a new detachment, and break with him to Volyn in order to start a new campaign against regular troops, but seeing that the uprising in as a whole fails eventually abandoned this idea and finally left for Paris.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Michal Heidenreich Campaign July 12 (24) — December 13 (25), 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The detachment of Colonel-General Michal Heidenreich numbered from 1,500 to 2,000 people and operated in the Podlasie and Lublin Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Heidenreich did not join the rebellion until the summer of 1863.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On July 12 (24) of the same year, he was defeated at Kanivola, but on July 23 (August 4) he won at Khruslin and on July 27 (August 8) in the battle of Zhirzhin, after which he was promoted to Colonel-General.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Broken completely at Faislavice on August 12 (24), went south.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Finally defeated at Porytsk on October 19 (November 1) and at Kock on December 13 (25), 1863, fled abroad.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Uprising in the Southwestern Territory


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In the South-Western Territory at the end of April, groups of rebels appeared in the Volyn province, who crossed from Galicia, and then in the Kiev province, especially in Vasilkovsky district, in the estate of Counts Branitsky.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In total, 35 clashes between regular troops and rebels took place on the territory of the South-Western Territory.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the peak of the uprising in the South-Western Territory, the total number of both direct and indirect participants hardly exceeded 3,000 people, including about 1,500 were members of rebel formations.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Czech historian and politician Frantisek Palacky wrote about this as follows:


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Those Little Russians, who, perhaps, are now fighting against the Russians together with the Poles, are fighting not under the banner of Little Russians for the political independence of Little Russia, but, like the Poles, for restoration of old Poland.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

There was no uprising in Podolsk province, mainly due to its treeless nature.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In the Kiev district there were up to 45 thousand Russian troops.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

This was not only sufficient to suppress the uprising within the district, but even to help in the adjacent parts of the Lublin and Grodno provinces.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Transcarpathian Rusyns took an active part in the defeat of rebel detachments.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Edmund Ruzitsky's campaign April 25 (May 7) — June 7 (19), 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On May 7 [O.S. 1863], the National Government appointed Edmund Ruzhitsky commander of the rebel forces in Galicia and Volyn.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In order to increase its own support among the peasantry, the National Government issued the so-called “golden certificate”, according to which all peasants were promised for participating in the uprising on the side of the Poles the estates and plots of land of those magnates who will not support the uprising.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, this did not greatly increase support for the rebels.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

According to the Russian government, in a week in the entire South-Western Territory, a total of 20 magnate estates were burned or looted, almost all of their owners were killed by local peasants, who then went to the rebels.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result, by April 30 (May 12), 1863, the total forces under the command of Colonel Ruzhitsky numbered only 850 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

And the total number of rebels throughout the Right-Bank Ukraine hardly exceeded 1500 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

They were opposed by a group of regular troops totaling 45,000 soldiers and officers.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

[24] [25]


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

During April 27-30 (May 9-12), 1863, Edmund Ruzhitsky's detachment occupied such places as Lyubar (May 9) and Polonnoye (May 12) without a fight, where the rebels stopped waiting for reinforcements to arrive with territory of the Austrian Empire, which, however, did not come.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Later, in exile, Ruzhitsky called these events “the last victorious march”.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On May 4 (16) — 5 (17), 1863, Ruzhitsky was defeated near Miropol, which forced Ruzhitsky and the remnants of the detachment to retreat on May 7 (19), 1863 north to Novograd-Volynsky.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Where he managed to defeat the Russian detachment sent to intercept him, capturing 39 people, who were then released.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On 8 (20 May), about 60 people joined it near the village of Shaskivitsy.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

With which he tried to occupy the city of Khmilnyk on May 10 (May 22), but due to lack of strength, suffering losses, he was forced to retreat to the north-west.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result, having won with great difficulty near Salikha on May 14 (26), 1863, he was forced to retreat to the Podolsk province on the night of (15-16) May 27-28 with the remnants of the detachment, where he also did not find support among the civilian population and returned to Volyn.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On May 29 (June 10), the National Government awarded Ruzhitsky the rank of brigadier general.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After a series of defeats from regular troops, Ruzhitsky on June 7 (19), 1863, with the remnants of his detachment, fled to the territory of Austria near the city of Radivilov, actually completing the uprising on the Right-Bank Ukraine.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, the detachment of Alexander Yablonovsky in Volyn operated until June 28 (July 10), 1863, and the detachment of Isidore Copernitsky operating in Galicia was defeated only (8) on October 20, 1863.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Uprising in the North-West Territory


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The uprising in the North-Western Territory was preceded by peasant unrest.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

For example, the Luchay rebellion (1858-1861) in the Vileyka district of the Vilna province became widely known.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Mass demonstrations took place on August 12, 1861, protesters celebrated the conclusion of the Krevskaya Union (August 14, 1385).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Demonstrations took place in Kaunas, Vilna, Grodno, Mogilev, Vitebsk, Zhytomyr, Kamenets-Podolsk, Brest-Litovsk and some other cities.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, Russian troops dispersed them [26] [27] [28].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Since the fall of 1861, the Movement Committee working in Vilna carried out the preparation of the uprising on the territory of modern Belarus and Lithuania.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In the summer of 1862, this committee was subordinate to the Central National Committee (CSC) and was transformed into the Lithuanian Provincial Committee (LPK).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Nestor Duleuran (a representative of the conservative wing) joined it as commissioner of the CSC.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, in October 1862, Konstantin Kalinovsky became the head of the committee, and Duleuran was expelled from the committee.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Kalinovsky had discrepancies with the CSC: Kalinovsky considered it necessary to transfer all the land to the peasants and launch a peasant revolution [29].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The uprising in the North-Western Territory was not as massive and fierce as in the Kingdom of Poland and the date of its beginning can be considered when the newspaper “Mużyckaja prauda” [30] read out the call of Lithuania provincial committee headed by Konstantin (Kastus) Kalinovsky to peasants, citizens and all other segments of the population to engage in an armed struggle against the Russian occupiers and other oppressors people (the newspaper as a whole and the appeal published in it were in Belarusian using the Polish alphabet):


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Guys!


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The times have passed when it seemed to everyone that a peasant hand was only suitable for a plough - now it is time that we can write ourselves and write such a fair truth as God in heaven.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Oh, our truth will thunder and fly around the world with lightning!


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Let them know that we can not only feed our bread, but also teach our peasant truth.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

They have asked and are asking everything they hear in the world, who will give us, poor men, freedom?


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

But, to tell the truth, few people want to say what conscience suggests — in fairness.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

We, men, your brothers, we will tell you the whole truth, just listen to us!


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Muscovites, officials and many gentlemen will delay our letter to you; but there will be people, and more reasonable men, and pansky kind, and from urban ones who want your freedom, your happiness — they are you will be given this letter yourself so that you know who your friend is and who is your enemy.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In order to attract peasants to the uprising, the Central National Committee announced that landless peasants who joined the uprising will receive 3 morgues (about 2 hectares) of land after the victory [ 29].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Mini|left|Armed protests against the Russian authorities outside the Kingdom of Poland


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the beginning of March 1863, part of the large landowners and the bourgeoisie (“whites”) joined the uprising.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the initiative of rebel commissioner N. Duleuran, February 27 (March 10) 1863. The “red” Lithuanian Provincial Committee headed by Kalinovsky was disbanded.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The next day, instead of the timber industry, the Whites created the Lithuanian Provincial Management Department.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The post of chairman of the Department was taken by the Vilna landowner Jakub Geishtor (1827-1897).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In this regard, Kalinouski, on behalf of the timber industry, wrote a sharp protest against the action of the “whites”, which he assessed as a betrayal of the revolution.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, realizing the lack of sufficient support for himself and his supporters, he obeyed the “head of the uprising” and accepted the appointment to the post of commissioner of the Grodno Voivodeship.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

After that, the “whites” significantly strengthened their positions in the leadership structures of the underground organization in Belarus and Lithuania at the provincial (voivodship) and district (district) levels [31].


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In total, during the uprising in the North-Western Territory, 237 clashes between rebels and regular troops took place.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The total number of participants in the uprising in the North-Western Territory, both direct and indirect, that is, supporting the rebels, is financially estimated at only 72,000 - 77,000 people, of which only about 15,000 at the height of the uprising, were members of rebel groups.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

[13] At the same time, in the Kingdom of Poland, the number of direct and indirect participants in the uprising, according to the lowest estimates, exceeded 150,000-200,000 people and could reach 400,000 people with 5,000,000 population.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

[12] [32]


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Regular troops in the North-West Territory had a group of 60,000 people, but reinforcements began to arrive in March and by the end of the uprising, the group of regular troops exceeded 120,000 people .


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Due to the smaller scale of the uprising, the rebels were forced to abandon open armed confrontation and waged guerrilla warfare, acting in groups of several dozen people, inflicting unexpected strikes on regular troops or communications and quickly escaping persecution.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In the summer of 1863, the closest associate of Konstantin Kalinovsky, lieutenant of the Railway Corps Vladislav Malakhovsky, ordered the execution in Vilna of the leader of the nobility Domeyko.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The assassination attempt failed, but was the reason for new arrests among those who sympathized with the rebels.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

There was no direct evidence against Malakhovsky.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the day of the assassination attempt, he was in the palace of the Governor-General and was even introduced


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, the young engineer came under suspicion.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Governor General M. N. Muravyov issued a warrant for his arrest and appointed 10 thousand rubles of remuneration for his head.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Vladislav Malakhovsky was sentenced to death in absentia.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Romuald Traugutt Campaign April 13 (25) — July 1 (13) 1863


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Link=right|mini|266x266pcs|Anonymous engraving from the Polish album dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the January Uprising depicting the Hanging Ant in Lithuania


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The rebel general, later the self-proclaimed dictator of the rebellion, Romuald Traugutt, initially remained aloof from the armed struggle.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Only at the end of April 1863 took command of the partisan detachment in the forest in the vicinity of Antopol, which is near Kobrin.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The Traugutt compound was insignificant, its maximum size in July 1863 was about 500 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

There, Traugutt's detachment camped for about two weeks collecting human, food and material resources.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

As a result, in early May, his military unit already numbered about 200 fighters.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On May 5 (17) — 13 (25), 1863, his detachment held three clashes with regular troops near Gorki.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

This was the only major battle of the Traugutt campaign.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Then, having retreated with the remnants of his detachment to the south-east of the Pinsk district, Romuald Traugutt and the remnants of the detachment located their camp in the Belinsky forest in the vicinity of the village of Ovsichi.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The detachment stayed there for a week and the rebels received significant replenishment of human and material resources, including joining a detachment of 100 people under the command of Jan Vankovich after which Traugutt received an order from the National Government to move to Volyn through the south of the Minsk province.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Already in early June, Traugutt's detachment, having crossed the Goryn River, became a camp in the forest near the village of Varyany, where the next day it was attacked by a detachment of regular troops of Major Kemer, losing 17 people killed, and 19 wounded and prisoners, against only two killed by the Russians, Traugutt was forced to retreat in a hurry.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Already on June 17 (29), near the village of Kolodnoye in the vicinity of the city of Stolin (Pinsky district), the Traugutt detachment was suddenly attacked by a detachment of regular troops consisting of 2 rifle companies under the command of a lieutenant Petrovsky.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Having lost 7 people killed, 8 prisoners, leaving several wagons, the rebels hardly escaped from the encirclement and managed to cross the Styr River and left for the territory of northern Volyn.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, on July 1 (13), 1863, his unit, consisting of almost 500 rebels, was finally dispersed, and Traugutt himself miraculously managed to escape to Warsaw.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Artist Helena Skirmunt was deprived of real estate, arrested, and exiled to Tambov for transferring the dispatch to Traugutt.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Romuald Traugutt was soon able to take control of all clandestine structures in the National Government.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On August 3 (15), 1863, Traugutt was promoted to general of the rebel forces.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

And already on October 5 (17), 1863, he proclaimed himself the third dictator of the uprising.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

He also turned out to be his last dictator, and was recognized only by a part of the representatives of the National Government.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On the night of March 30 (April 11), 1864, he was arrested by the authorities in Warsaw.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

He was executed along with the rest of the leaders of the uprising on August 5, 1864.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Vilna guberniya


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In February, rebels appeared in the Vilna province.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Z. Serakovsky, who took the call sign Dolenga.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Zygmunt Serakovsky proclaimed himself Lithuanian and Kovno voivode.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the head of the detachment, which by that time numbered more than 3 thousand, he went to meet the landing on the shores of Courland, led by Theophilos Lapinsky, which was organized by the Central Committee.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, the steamer, which left London on March 11 (23), reached Malmö in Sweden, where it was sequestered on March 18 (30), 1863.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Serakovsky's detachment stood on the Kneba folvarka, among a large forest north of the town of Onikshty, Vilkomir district.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Having learned about the movement of the Russians from Vilkomir, the rebels on April 21 reached for the town of Birzhi and on the way strengthened with detachments of Ponevezhsky and Novo-Alexandria districts.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On April 22, N. S. Gonetsky (5 1/2 companies, squadron and 120 Cossacks).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Wanting to cut off the rebels from the Nevezhsky forests, he promoted Major Merlin (1 1/2 company, 70 Cossacks) to the village of Shimantsy and Major Giltsbach (2 companies, a platoon of lancers) to the town of Subochi; the rest of the 23rd moved to Shimantsy.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On April 25, Merlin caught up at D. Medeyki Serakovsky (800 people), overturned the main forces of the rebels, losing 3 soldiers killed and 18 wounded, and then began to pursue.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Gonetsky joined Merlin at Medeki and on the 26th at 2 pm followed in the footsteps of a rebel group that he found near the village of Gudishki in a strong forest position, covered by a swampy stream on the left, and on the right which rested on the village.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

A dense chain of shooters occupied the edge of the forest; it was supported by columns of cosiners.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Here Serakovsky concentrated 3 groups, up to 1.5 thousand.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Russian riflemen and dismounted Cossacks, having opened fire, quickly knocked down the advanced chain of Poles and drove through the swampy forest.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The rebels tried to settle, but were completely scattered.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

About 300 people, however, managed to join the detachment of priest Matskevich, which was not far away.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Losses of Russians: 5 killed, 28 wounded.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

April 27 at d. Vorskonishki, after a short shootout, Matskevich's detachment was defeated and rushed to flee; they pursued 8 versts, almost all the time running.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

A wagon train and a lot of weapons were repul


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Russian losses: 2 killed, 9 wounded.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Gonetsky returned to Medeyki and on the same evening sent a column to Popel and further to Ponedeli.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

It captured up to 120 prisoners, including the wounded Serakovsky and Kolyshko.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Meanwhile, on April 25, Gilzbach moved to Wobolniki, but a detachment of rebels of 500 people managed to retreat to the northeast.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On April 26, Gilzbach overtook him at the Govenishki manor and dispersed the detachment, losing 1 killed and 12 wounded.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On April 28, the entire detachment of Gonetsky moved in several columns back to Onikshty.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The part of Vilkomir district he passed was completely liberated from the rebels.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

However, during the sweep, the total losses of regular troops amounted to almost 11 killed and 67 wounded.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The course of the uprising in Vileyka Uyezd


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In March 1861, Vincent Kozell-Poklevsky arrived in Vileyka district, where he created a rebel organization.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In January 1863, he was appointed military leader of the uprising in Vileyka district.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

According to the memoirs of V. Koschitsa, a participant in those events in the Minsk region, thanks to Vincent Kozell-Poklevsky, the rebel organization in Vileika district was much better than in most districts of Minsk governorate.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In early May 1863, Vincent Kozell-Poklevsky created and led a rebel detachment of 200-250 people.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On May 28, 1863, he died in a battle with the tsarist troops near the village of Vladyka.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Most of his squad died with him.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The remnants of the detachment were liquidated in the village of Knyaginin, where the mass grave of the rebels has been preserved.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Rebel journalism put Vincent Kozell-Poklevsky on the same level as the leader of the Lida rebels Ludwik Narbutt and called “Lithuanian Leonid” (by analogy with the Spartan tsar Leonid, hero of the Battle of Thermopylae).


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Tradition says that his last words were: “Not us, so our bones will be free.”


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The course of the uprising in Sventsyansky Uyezd


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The Vilna Insurgent Committee appointed Gustav Chekhovich (Opora), a former officer of the Russian army, as the military chief of the Sventsyansky district.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the same time, he was entrusted with command over the created rebel detachment (37 people) near Strunoitey.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the end of March, Chekhovich arrives in Strunoiti and organizes a military detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

From the crowd of volunteers forms an infantry detachment and a small detachment of cosiners, the command of which trusts Constanta Kostseletsky.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the head of the platoons, they were appointed officers: Titus Shavlevich, Barantsevich and Polonsky.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Borkman performed the functions of adjutant.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Gustav Chekhovich also created a small cavalry detachment, which was engaged exclusively in reconnaissance and delivery of supplies.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Rebels who did not have their own weapons received them at the location of the detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Each of the rebels could receive a jold (payment), which was 30 kopecks in silver per day.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Money was delivered to the detachment by the treasurer of the district committee Tansky or messengers.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

When it was not possible to deliver the money, Gustav Chekhovich took the necessary amount from ordinary people with the presentation of receipts stamped by the National Government.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Soon, an order was received to nominate a detachment to Vileyka district to join the detachments of Jan Kozell-Poklevsky.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Initially, he planned to unite with the detachment of Leon Chekhovich in the area of Lake Naroch, and then move to Vileyka district.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In mid-April, at the head of the detachment, which already numbered about 100 people, leaves the Strunoit forests and passes along Lyntup, Kamai and Kobylnik.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At the end of April he was detained in the vicinity of Naroch


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In order to prevent the unification of rebel forces, Prince Khovansky urgently sent one and a half companies of the Finnish regiment and 20 Cossacks under the command of Captain Dmitriev.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

On May 4, Captain Dmitriev arrived in Izha, where he stayed for the night, and sent a report to Kobylnik.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

At dawn, Dmitriev's sentries noticed the rebels and immediately rushed to pursue them.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Chekhovich's detachment totaling up to 200 people on May 5, 1863 was forced to take the battle in an inconvenient place - in the hollow between the villages of Korolevtsy, Lyubki and Utki.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

In the hollow, a detachment of rebels was defeated, after which the name “Bity Log” was assigned to this tract.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

The losses of the rebel detachment amounted to: six killed, eight wounded and one was captured.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

Among the dead were the commander of the cosiners Kosteletsky and the priest, who was in the detachment.


Question: How many Poles died in the Polish Uprising of 1830—31?

Polish Uprising (1863—1864)

With the remnants of G. Chekhovich returned to Sventsyansky district.