Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

An aircraft carrier ship is a large special-purpose surface ship designed to provide air cover for the formation of ships, landing forces, and air strikes on the connection of ships and individual ships of the enemy, for its coastal defense, as well as for the transportation of goods and people, communication between the ships of the formation.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Classifications of ships of the Russian Navy

They are equipped with means of ensuring the deployment and operation of aircraft.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the aircraft carrier ship is carrier-based aircraft and helicopters.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The cruiser is a large surface warship designed to perform tasks regardless of the main forces of the fleet, including the destruction of warships (surface and submarine) and merchant enemy vessels, defense of their formations of warships and convoys, fire support for the coastal flanks of the ground forces and ensuring the landing of amphibious assault forces.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the cruiser is the multipurpose nature of the use of various types of weapons (Missile, artillery from 100 mm to 130 mm caliber, mine-torpedo, anti-submarine and air defense).


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

A destroyer of the 1st rank (Destroyer) is a large surface warship designed to destroy enemy ships and transport vessels, protect and provide air defense for the formation of ships and fire support for the landing force.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the destroyer is an attack missile system and air defense systems.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

In fact, first-rank destroyers are the definition of exclusively Project 956 missile destroyers.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Submarine (rank 1) is a submarine warship and a special-purpose submarine designed to destroy important military-industrial and administrative centers, destroy submarines boats, ships and vessels of the enemy, conducting reconnaissance, covert installation of minefields, as well as ensuring the landing of sabotage and reconnaissance groups.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the submarine is mine-torpedo or missile weapons.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The training ship is a special-purpose surface ship designed for maritime practice by cadets, Nakhimov residents and students of educational institutions of the Russian Navy.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

An anti-submarine ship (rank 1) is a surface warship designed to search, detect, track and destroy submarines, both as part of a formation of ships and independently.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the anti-submarine ship is sonar and anti-submarine systems.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Landing ship (rank 1) is a special-purpose surface ship designed to transport military equipment and amphibious assault personnel, as well as land it on an unequipped shore and fire support.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Ship subclass


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Heavy aircraft carrier cruiser (Aircraft Carrier) is a special-purpose surface warship, with a displacement of more than 25,000 tons, with a steam-turbine main power plant, equipped for permanent based aircraft and helicopters, their maintenance and operation.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main purpose is air cover of ships when crossing by sea, long-range radar detection of surface and air targets, air and fire support for amphibious assault, as well as giving combat stability to the forces of the Russian Navy in remote areas [20] and demonstration of the Russian flag and the power of the Russian state in the international arena.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The heavy nuclear missile cruiser is a multipurpose surface warship, with a displacement of more than 25,000 tons, with a nuclear main power plant, 2 permanent helicopters and an attack guided missile system to destroy large enemy surface ships, provide air defense and anti-aircraft defense to connect ships and give combat stability to the forces of the Russian Navy operating in remote regions of the seas [20] and oceans, as well as demonstrations of the Russian flag and the power of the Russian state in the international arena.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The term has been used since 1980.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The missile cruiser is a multipurpose surface warship, with a displacement of 6500-15,000 tons, with a steam-turbine main power plant, a permanent helicopter and an attack guided missile system for destroying large enemy surface ships, providing air defense and anti-aircraft defense for formations of ships operating in remote areas of the seas [20] and oceans, as well as demonstrating the Russian flag and power of the Russian state in the international arena.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The term has been used since 1960.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The Strategic Heavy Nuclear Missile Submarine (TRPKSN) is a particularly large six-hull submarine warship with a diving depth of 340-400 meters, a displacement of 23200/48,000 tons, with the main nuclear power plant and the D-19 long-range missile system with 20 R-39 missiles (project 941 “Akula”) or the D-30 Bulava long-range missile system (project 941UM “Akula”) “), as well as 6 533-mm torpedo tubes with TE-2 or UGST torpedoes, designed to destroy, from a submerged position, large coastal objects at a range of up to 8,250 km.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The strategic nuclear missile submarine (SSBN) is a large double-hull submarine warship with a diving depth of 320-650 meters, a displacement of 10600/16000-14710/24000 tons, with the main nuclear power plant, the D-9R long-range missile system with 16 R-29R missiles (project 667BDR Kalmar), the D-9RMU2 long-range missile system with 16 R-29RMU2 missiles” Sineva” (project 667BDRM “Dolphin”), the D-19M long-range missile system with 16 R-30 Bulava missiles (project 955 (A) “Borey”), as well as 533-mm torpedo tubes with TE-2 or UGST torpedoes, designed to engage, from a submerged position, large coastal objects at a range of up to 8250 km.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The nuclear missile submarine (RPK) is a large double-hull submarine warship with a immersion depth of 480-600 meters, a displacement of 8140/12770 - 14700/23860 tons with the main nuclear power installation, missile system with 24 P-700 Granit cruise missiles and torpedo tubes with TE-2, UGST torpedoes or MSM, 65-76 or RPK-7 Veter mines (project 949A Antey), a missile system with 32 P-800 Onyx cruise missiles and 10,533 mm torpedo tubes with TE-2, UGST or IRS Caliber-S torpedoes with 3M-54K1, 3M-14 and 91P1 cruise missiles or MSM mines (project 885 Yasen), 4,650 mm torpedo tubes with 65-76 or RPK-7 Veter torpedoes and 4,533-mm torpedo tubes with TE-2, UGST torpedoes or MShM mines, or IRS Caliber-S with cruise missiles 3M-54K1, 3M-14 and 91R1 (971 Shchuka-B), designed for long single autonomous actions to disrupt the enemy's long-range communications, destroy ships, ships and submarines and long-range reconnaissance on ocean communications.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The large nuclear submarine is a large double-hull submarine warship with a diving depth of 400-600 meters, a displacement of 5940/9600 — 6470/10400 tons with the main nuclear power plant , 2 650 mm torpedo tubes with 65-76 or RPK-7 Veter torpedoes and 4,533-mm torpedo tubes with TE-2, UGST torpedoes or MSHM mines, or IRS Caliber-S with cruise missiles 3M-54K1, 3M-14 and 91P1 ( 671RTMK Shchuka, 945 Barracuda),, 6 533-mm torpedo tubes with TE-2, UGST torpedoes or MSM mines, or IRS Caliber-S with cruise missiles 3M-54K1, 3M-14 and 91P1 (945A Kondor), designed for tracking and destroying strategic submarines and aircraft carrier strike groups of the enemy, as well as for long single autonomous operations during long-range reconnaissance on ocean communications.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

A large anti-submarine ship is a surface warship with a displacement of 6500-9000 tons, with a gas turbine main power plant, a permanent helicopter and an anti-submarine missile a complex for searching, tracking and destroying enemy high-speed nuclear submarines, providing anti-aircraft defense and air defense for connecting ships at the crossing in the far sea [20] and ocean zones.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

BODs are part of surface ship formations, as well as KUG and KUGs.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The term has been used since 1957.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The universal amphibious assault ship is a large special-purpose surface combat ship, with a displacement of more than 11,500 tons, with a gas turbine main power plant, 4 or more helicopters permanently based and missile and artillery weapons, designed to transport equipment and troops in the far sea [20] and ocean zone, as well as landing amphibious assault forces on an unequipped coast and their fire support.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

UDC are part of surface ship formations, as well as KUG and KAUG.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Rank 2 ship


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Mini|Right|Rank 2 Warship


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The commander of a separate battalion (ship of the 2nd rank), being the commander of the main tactical and administrative and economic unit of the Armed Forces, maintained according to the established state, in peaceful and military time responds:


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for the constant combat and mobilization readiness of a separate battalion (ship of the 2nd rank);


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for the successful completion of combat missions by a separate battalion (ship of the 2nd rank);


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for combat training, education, military discipline, moral and psychological state of personnel and security of military service;


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for internal order;


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for the condition and safety of weapons, military equipment of other military equipment of a separate battalion (ship of the 2nd rank);


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for material, technical, financial, household support and medical care of a separate battalion (ship of the 2nd rank).


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The commander of the ship of the 2nd rank is the co-commander of all personnel of the ship.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

In a military unit where the military post of Chief of Staff is not provided for by the staff, orders are signed by the commander of the military unit alone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

To assist the ship commander, the following are assigned:


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The senior assistant to the ship commander reports to the ship commander, is the first deputy commander and direct chief of all personnel of the ship.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

He manages the daily activities of the ship's combat units, services and commands [24], as well as the secret part [10];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The deputy commander of a separate battalion (ship of the 2nd rank) for educational work (former political officer) reports to the commander of the ship and is the direct chief of all personnel [25], as well as manages the club [10];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The assistant commander of the ship reports to the ship commander and is the direct chief of the personnel of the boatswain crew and the aviation equipment maintenance team [10]


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The ship's assistant commander for legal work reports to the ship's commander.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Instructions and orders of the assistant commander of the ship for legal work on issues within his competence are mandatory for all personnel of the ship [26].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

On special issues within its competence, he is guided by the instructions of the heads of legal services of higher military authorities.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

During armed conflicts, the assistant commander of a separate battalion (ship of the 2nd rank) for legal work acts as a legal adviser to the commander of a separate battalion (ship of the 2nd rank) [27 ];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Commanders of combat units and chiefs of services of the ship are subordinate to the ship commander, are the direct commanders of all personnel of combat units (services) [28];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The commander of the group (battery) reports to the division commander (commander of the combat unit) and is the direct chief of the entire personnel of the group (battery) [29];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The senior engineer (engineer) of the combat unit (group, battery) obeys the commander of the combat unit (group, battery), his instructions on the terms of reference are mandatory for the personnel of the combat unit (group, battery) [ 30];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The foreman of the team reports to the commander of the group (battery, division, combat unit, head of service), is the direct chief of the team personnel [31];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The technician of the group (team) is responsible for the operation of weapons and technical means of the group (team), reports to the group commander (team foreman).


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

His instructions on the terms of reference are mandatory for the personnel of the group (team) [32];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The squad commander reports to the foreman of the team (the commander of the group, battery, division, combat unit, head of service), is the immediate supervisor of all personnel of the department [33].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Ships of the 2nd rank have a gyus, which rises on the bow flagpole of the ship when parked.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The displacement of ships of the 2nd rank is from 1,500 tons to 5,000 tons.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

They are designed for operations in the far sea zone, both as part of formations (MCG) and independently.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The ship is commanded by a rank 2 captain.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Class (type) of ships


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Patrol ship is a multipurpose surface warship designed to protect warships and transport vessels from attacks by submarines, light surface forces and aircraft at the crossing in the far maritime zone [20], setting up minefields, striking coastal facilities and fire support while ensuring the landing of amphibious assault forces.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the patrol ship is the multi-purpose nature of the use of various types of weapons (artillery, mine, anti-submarine, air defense and missile), both to protect the escort and itself from any threat.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

A missile ship is a surface warship designed to engage any enemy warships and transport vessels in closed seas [34] and in the near sea zone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the missile ship is an attack missile system and air defense systems.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

A submarine is a submarine warship and a special-purpose submarine designed to destroy submarines, ships and vessels of the enemy, conduct reconnaissance, covert staging minefields, as well as ensuring the landing of sabotage and reconnaissance groups.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the submarine is mine-torpedo or missile weapons.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

An amphibious assault ship is a special-purpose surface ship designed to transport military equipment and amphibious assault personnel, as well as land it on an unequipped shore and fire support.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Ship subclass


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The large amphibious assault ship (BDK) is a special-purpose surface ship, with a displacement of 3400-5000 tons, with a diesel main power plant, missile and artillery weapons, designed to transport equipment and troops in the far sea [20] zone, as well as landing amphibious assault forces on an unequipped coast and their fire support.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The BDK are part of the formations of surface ships, as well as the KUG and KAUG.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The large submarine is a large double-hull submarine warship with a diving depth of 240-300 meters, a displacement of 1770/2900 - 2770/3600 tons with the main diesel-electric power installation, 6 533-mm torpedo tubes with TE-2, UGST torpedoes or MDM, SMDM or IRS Caliber-S mines with cruise missiles 3M-54K1, 3M-14 and 91R1 (641B Som, 877 Halibut, 636 Varshavyanka, 677 Lada), designed to combat enemy submarines and surface ships, protect naval bases, the sea coast and the near sea zone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Rank 3 ship


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The commander of a separate battalion (ship of the 3rd rank), being the commander of the main tactical and administrative and economic unit of the Armed Forces, maintained according to the established state, in peaceful and military time responds:


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for the constant combat and mobilization readiness of a separate battalion (ship of the 3rd rank);


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for the successful completion of combat missions by a separate battalion (ship of the 3rd rank);


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for combat training, education, military discipline, moral and psychological state of personnel and security of military service;


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for internal order;


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for the condition and safety of weapons, military equipment of other military equipment of a separate battalion (ship of the 3rd rank);


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for material, technical, financial, household support and medical care of a separate battalion (ship of the 3rd rank).


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The commander of the ship of the 3rd rank is the co-commander of all personnel of the ship.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

In a military unit where the military post of Chief of Staff is not provided for by the staff, orders are signed by the commander of the military unit alone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

To assist the ship commander, the following are assigned:


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The assistant commander of the ship reports to the commander of the ship, is the first deputy commander and direct chief of all personnel of the ship.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

He manages the daily activities of combat units, services and commands of the ship and acts as the head of the chemical service, the boatswain crew and the aviation equipment maintenance team [24], as well as the secret part [10];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The deputy commander of a separate battalion (ship of the 3rd rank) for educational work (former political officer) reports to the commander of the ship and is the direct chief of all personnel [25], as well as manages the club [10];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The ship's assistant commander for legal work reports to the ship's commander.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Instructions and orders of the assistant commander of the ship for legal work on issues within his competence are mandatory for all personnel of the ship [26].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

On special issues within its competence, he is guided by the instructions of the heads of legal services of higher military authorities.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

During armed conflicts, the assistant commander of a separate battalion (ship of the 3rd rank) for legal work acts as a legal adviser to the commander of a separate battalion (ship of the 3rd rank) [27 ];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Commanders of combat units and chiefs of services of the ship are subordinate to the ship commander, are the direct commanders of all personnel of combat units (services) [28];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The foreman of the team reports to the commander of the group (battery, division, combat unit, head of service), is the direct chief of the team personnel [31];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The squad commander reports to the foreman of the team (the commander of the group, battery, division, combat unit, head of service), is the immediate supervisor of all personnel of the department [33].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Ships of the 3rd rank do not have a gyus.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The displacement of ships of the 3rd rank is from 500 tons to 1,500 tons.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

They are designed for operations in the near sea zone, both as part of formations and independently.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The ship is commanded by a rank 3 captain.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Class (type) of ships


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

A small missile ship is a surface warship designed to engage any enemy warships and transport vessels in closed seas [34] and in the near sea zone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the missile ship is an attack missile system and air defense systems.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Small artillery ship is a surface warship designed to fire support amphibious assault and coastal flanks of the ground forces and destroy small warships and transport vessels enemy in closed seas [34] and in the near sea zone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the artillery ship is a universal artillery system of 100 mm caliber, a multiple launch rocket complex and universal anti-aircraft artillery of 30 mm caliber.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

A small anti-submarine ship is a surface warship designed to search, detect, track and destroy submarines, both as part of a formation of ships and independently.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main armament of the anti-submarine ship is sonar and anti-submarine systems.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Small amphibious assault ship is a special-purpose surface ship designed to transport military equipment and amphibious assault personnel, as well as land it on an unequipped shore and fire support.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Minesweeper is a special-purpose surface ship designed to search, detect, trawl and destroy sea anchor and bottom mines, escort ships and vessels through minefields, setting up active or defensive minefields, as well as for the protection of the water area (OVR).


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main equipment of the minesweeper is various types of trawls, search engines and miner swimmers.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Ship subclass


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Small Missile Ship (MRK) is a surface warship with a displacement of 650-1050 tons, with a diesel or diesel-gas turbine main power plant, missile and artillery weapons, designed to destroy any enemy warships and transport vessels, conduct reconnaissance and patrol, provide protection and cover convoys and land amphibious assault forces in coastal areas and the near sea zone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Small artillery ship (IAC) is a surface combat ship with a displacement of 520 tons, with a diesel main power plant and a water jet propulsion, artillery weapons designed for destruction of small warships and transport vessels of the enemy, conducting reconnaissance and patrol, ensuring the protection and cover of convoys and landing amphibious assault forces in closed seas [34], in coastal areas and the near sea zone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Small anti-submarine ship (MPK) is a surface warship, with a displacement of 500-1250 tons, with a diesel-turbine main power plant for searching, tracking and destroying high-speed underwater enemy boats, providing PLO connections of ships and protecting the water area.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

IPCs are part of OVR compounds.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The term has been used since 1957.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Small Hovercraft (MDKVP) is a special purpose surface ship, with a displacement of 560 tons, with a gas turbine main power plant and 4 propellers for transportation of military equipment with a carrying capacity of up to 150 tons or to a battalion of paratroopers capable of landing them on an unequipped coast and supporting them with fire, as well as staging minefields.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The design features of the air cushion allow you to move on the ground, minefields and swamps.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Sea minesweeper (MT) is a special-purpose surface ship, with a displacement of 500-1300 tons, with a diesel main power plant for searching, trawling and destroying marine anchor and bottom mines, as well as for escorting ships (vessels) through minefields in the near and far sea zones [20].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

In addition, they can be used to set up active or defensive minefields.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Sea minesweepers are part of OVR formations.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Rank 4 ship, battle boat


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The commander of a company (ship of the 4th rank, combat boat) in peacetime and wartime answers:


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for the constant combat readiness of the company (ship of the 4th rank, combat boat) and the successful completion of combat missions;


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for combat training, education, military discipline, moral and psychological state of personnel and security of military service;


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for maintaining internal order in the company (ship of the 4th rank, combat boat);


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for the condition and safety of weapons, military equipment and other military equipment of the company (ship of the 4th rank, combat boat);


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

for maintaining company (ship) economy [35].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The commander of a company (rank 4 ship, combat boat) is subordinate to the commander of the battalion (division of ships) and is the direct chief of all personnel of the company (rank 4 ship, combat boat) [36].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

To help the commander of a ship of the 4th rank, a combat boat is assigned:


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Assistant commander of the ship, is the first deputy commander of the ship and the direct chief of all personnel of the ship.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

He manages the daily activities of combat units and services [24];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Commanders of combat units and chiefs of services of the ship are subordinate to the ship commander, are the direct commanders of all personnel of combat units (services) [28];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The foreman of the team reports to the commander of the group (battery, division, combat unit, head of service), is the direct chief of the team personnel [31];


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The squad commander reports to the foreman of the team (the commander of the group, battery, division, combat unit, head of service), is the immediate supervisor of all personnel of the department [33].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Ships of the 4th rank and combat boats do not have a gyus.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The displacement of ships of the 4th rank and combat boats is from 100 tons to 500 tons.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

They are designed for operations in the coastal zone of the seas, the zone of Naval Bases (Naval Base) and on raids, both as part of formations and independently.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

A ship of the 4th rank, a combat boat is commanded by a junior officer (lieutenant commander, senior lieutenant, lieutenant) or senior midshipman (midshipman).


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Class (type) of ships


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Minesweeper is a special-purpose surface ship designed to search, detect, trawl and destroy sea anchor and bottom mines, set up active or defensive minefields on raids, in the waters of the naval base and in the coastal marine zone in order to protect the water area (OVR).


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main equipment of the minesweeper is various types of trawls and search engines.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

An amphibious boat is a small special-purpose surface ship designed to unload troops and equipment to an unequipped shore.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

A combat boat is a small surface warship designed to strike at enemy warships and transport vessels in cramped coastal areas, as well as to protect the water area (IAD).


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The main weapons of combat boats are artillery and missile weapons.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Ship subclass


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The basic minesweeper (BT) is a special-purpose surface ship, with a displacement of 200-500 tons, with a diesel main power plant for searching, trawling and destroying sea anchor and bottom mines in bases, as well as for escorting ships (vessels) through minefields in the coastal sea zone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

In addition, they can be used to set up active or defensive minefields.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Offshore minesweeper (RT) is a special-purpose surface ship, with a displacement of up to 200 tons, with a diesel main power plant for searching, trawling and destroying sea anchor and bottom mines and the installation of minefields on roads and in areas of dispersed deployment of the fleet in the internal sea waters of the Russian Federation [37].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Amphibious assault boat (DKA) is a special-purpose boat with a displacement of 60-280 tons, with a diesel main power plant for transporting military equipment with a carrying capacity of up to 100 tons or up to 2 platoons paratroopers capable of landing them on an unequipped coast.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

In addition to amphibious assault boats with a traditional hull and propulsion (project 1176 “Akula”), air-cavity amphibious assault boats (projects 11770 “Serna” and 21820 “Dugong”) with a water jet propulsion are used ( project 11770 “Serna”).


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

The artillery boat (AKA) is a high-speed combat boat with a displacement of 70-100 tons, with a diesel main power plant, designed to destroy enemy river vessels and combat boats, supporting the flanks of the ground forces with artillery and machine-gun fire and carrying out guard service on rivers and lakes, as well as in the internal sea waters of the Russian Federation [37].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Missile boat (RKA) is a high-speed combat boat with a displacement of 230-490 tons, with a diesel or gas turbine or diesel-gas turbine main power plant designed to apply missile strikes against large warships and transport vessels of the enemy, covering their ships and transport vessels from attacks by air and surface enemy in coastal areas and the near sea zone.


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Anti-sabotage boat (PDKA) is a high-speed combat boat with a displacement of 70-140 tons, with a diesel main power plant, designed to combat sabotage and terrorist forces and means in the waters of naval base raids and close approaches to them, as well as for patrol service on raids and in the internal sea waters of the Russian Federation [37].


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

See also


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Notes


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Literature


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

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Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

References


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Category:Russian warships


Question: How many ranks of ships are installed in the Russian Navy?

Category:Ship classification


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

David Production Inc.


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

() is a Japanese studio located in Nishitokyo, also known for adapting anime to the Jojo's Bizarre Adventure manga.


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

The studio was founded by former Gonzo Kyoji studio president Kajita and producer Taito Okiura in September 2007.


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

In 2009, David Production released the first animation of the Ristorante Paradiso manga [1] [2] [3].


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

In August 2014, Fuji Television bought the studio [4] [5].


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

anime


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 (Main Products: Sunrise; only two episodes, 2008)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Soul Eater (Main products: Bones; production assistant, 2008—2009)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Inazuma Eleven (Main Products: Oriental Light and Magic; Assistant, 2008-2009)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Kuroshitsuji (Main Products: A-1 Pictures; Assistant, 2008—2009)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Ristorante Paradiso (2009)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Tatakau Shisho: The Book of Bantorra (2009)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Level E (With Studio Pierrot, 2011)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Ben-To (2011)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Inu x Boku SS (2012)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

DC Nation Shorts (2012)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Jojo's Bizarre Adventure (2012-2013)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Hyperdimension Neptunia: The Animation (2013)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Jojo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders (2014-2015)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Jojo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond Is Unbreakable (2016)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Monster Hunter Stories: Ride On (2016-2018)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Sakurada Reset (2016)


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David Production

Captain Tsubasa (2018 - present time)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Hataraku Saibou (2018)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Jojo's Bizarre Adventure: Golden Wind (2018)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Strike Witches: Road to Berlin (2020)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

OVA


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Dogs: Stray Dogs Howling in the Dark (2009)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Planetarian (2016)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Thus Spoke Kishibe Rohan (2017 - 2018)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

ONA


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Moka: Lost Forest (2012, music video)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Movies


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Planetarian: Hoshi no Hito (2016)


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Notes


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Category:Companies in Tokyo


Question: Who is the owner of P.A. Works studio for June 2019?

David Production

Category:anime studios


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

The reforms of Peter the Great are transformations in state and public life carried out during the reign of Peter the Great in Russia.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

All the reformist activity of Peter I can be conditionally divided into two periods (stages): 1696—1715 and 1715—1725.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

The peculiarity of the first stage was haste and not always thoughtful character, which was explained by the conduct of the Northern War.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

The reforms were aimed primarily at raising funds for the war, were carried out by force and often did not lead to the desired result.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

In addition to state reforms, extensive reforms were carried out at the first stage in order to modernize the way of life.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

In the second period, reforms were more systematic.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Some historians, for example V. O. Klyuchevsky, pointed out that Peter the Great's reforms were only a natural continuation of the changes that took place during the XVII century.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Other historians (for example, Sergei Solovyov), on the contrary, emphasized the revolutionary nature of Peter's transformations.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Historians who analyzed Peter the Great's reforms adhere to different views on his personal participation in them.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

One group believes that both in drawing up the reform program and in the process of implementing them, Peter did not play the main role (which was attributed to him as king).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Another group of historians, on the contrary, writes about the great personal role of Peter the Great in carrying out certain reforms.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Public administration reforms


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

After visiting the West, Peter I was finally convinced of the need to Europeanize the country.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

This verdict, made by Peter, can be called the main result of all trips to European countries.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Upon arrival in Moscow, Peter began to introduce “Foreign Customs”, which is what the people called them.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

As it seemed to ordinary citizens, Peter himself did not fully understand the essence of the reforms introduced by him.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Most of the indignation was caused by reforms related to clothing and appearance in general, which was the cost of the beard tax.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

As Peter himself will later explain, he was driven by a great desire to make Russia at least outwardly similar to Europe as soon as possible, but due to the randomness, many did not share this idea, since there were loyal people who, looking at a misunderstanding of Peter's actions, stayed with him and supported him in every possible way.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

At first, Peter I did not have a clear program of reforms in the field of public administration.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

The emergence of a new state institution or a change in the administrative-territorial administration of the country was dictated by the waging of wars, which required significant financial resources and mobilization population.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

The system of power inherited by Peter I did not allow raising enough funds for the reorganization and increase of the army, the construction of a fleet, and the construction of fortresses in St. Petersburg.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

From the first years, Peter's policy tended to reduce the role of the ineffective Boyar Duma in governing the state.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

In 1699, the Near Chancellery was organized under the tsar [1], and later the Concilias (Council) of Ministers met in its premises, which included up to 15 proxies who managed individual orders.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

This was a prototype of the future Governing Senate, formed in the year.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

The last mention of the Boyar Duma (more precisely, about the “congresses of the boyars”) dates back to 1708: at this time, participants in the meetings of the “konziliums” could be called both “boyars” and “ministers” [2].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Since 1708, a certain mode of operation has been established in Conselia: each minister had special powers, reporting and minutes of meetings appear.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

In 1711, the Senate was established instead of the Boyar Duma and Concelia, which replaced it.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Peter formulated the main task of the Senate as follows: “To look at expenses throughout the state, and unnecessary, and especially in vain, to set aside. Collecting money, as much as possible, is the artery of war.”


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Created by Peter for the current administration of the state during the absence of the tsar (at that time the tsar went on the Prut campaign), the Senate, consisting of 9 people (presidents of the colleges), gradually turned from temporary to a permanent higher government institution, which was enshrined in the Decree of 1722.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

He controlled justice, was in charge of trade, fees and expenses of the state, monitored the serviceability of the serving of military service by the nobles, and he was transferred the functions of the Discharge and Embassy orders.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Decisions in the Senate were made collectively, at a general meeting and were supported by the signatures of all members of the highest state body.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Thus, Peter I delegated part of his powers to the Senate, but at the same time placed personal responsibility on its members.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

Simultaneously with the Senate, the post of fiscal officers appeared.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Reforms of Peter I

The duty of the chief fiscal officer under the Senate and fiscal authorities in the provinces was to secretly supervise the activities of institutions: they identified cases of violation of decrees and abuses and reported to the Senate and the Tsar.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Since 1715, the work of the Senate was supervised by the Auditor General, and in 1718 he was renamed Chief Secretary.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Since 1722, control over the Senate has been exercised by the Prosecutor General and the Chief Prosecutor, to whom prosecutors of all other institutions were subordinate.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

No decision of the Senate was valid without the consent and signature of the Prosecutor General.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Prosecutor General and his deputy chief prosecutor reported directly to the Tsar.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Senate, as a government, could make decisions, but their implementation required an administrative apparatus.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1717-1721, a reform of the executive bodies of government was carried out, as a result of which 13 boards were created in parallel with the system of orders [3] with their vague functions according to the Swedish model — predecessors of future ministries.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Unlike orders, the functions and areas of activity of each board were strictly delimited, and relations in the board itself were based on the principle of collegiality of decisions.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The following were introduced:


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Collegium of Foreign (Foreign) Affairs replaced the Embassy Order, that is, it was in charge of foreign policy.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Military Collegium (Military) — manning, arming, equipment and training of the ground army.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Admiralty Board — naval affairs, navy.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The patrimonial board replaced the Local Order, that is, it was in charge of noble land ownership (land litigation, transactions for the purchase and sale of land and peasants, the search for fugitives were considered).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

It was founded in 1721.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Chamber Collegium is the collection of state revenues.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The State Office Board was in charge of state expenditures.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Audit Board — control over the collection and expenditure of public funds.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Commerce Board — shipping, customs and foreign trade issues.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Berg Collegium — mining and metallurgical business (mining industry).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The manufactory collegium is a light industry (manufactories, that is, enterprises based on the division of manual labor).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Justice Collegium was in charge of civil proceedings (the Serf Office operated under it: it registered various acts — deeds of sale, sale of fiefdoms, spiritual wills, debt obligations ).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

She was engaged in civil and criminal courts.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Spiritual Collegium, the Most Holy Governing Synod since 1721, managed church affairs, replaced the patriarch and the Councils of the Russian Orthodox Church.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

This collegium included representatives of the highest clergy.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Since their appointment was carried out by the tsar, and his decisions were approved, we can say that the Russian emperor became the de facto head of the Russian Orthodox Church.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The actions of the Synod on behalf of the highest secular authorities were controlled by the chief prosecutor, a civil official appointed by the tsar.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

By a special decree, Peter I ordered the priests to carry out an enlightenment mission among the peasants: to preach to them, instruct them, teach children prayers, and educate them in respect for the tsar and the church.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Little Russian Collegium exercised control over the actions of the hetman, who owned power in Ukraine, because there was a special regime of local government there.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

After the death in 1722 of Hetman I. AND. Skoropadsky new elections of the hetman were banned, and the hetman was first appointed by tsarist decree.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The board was headed by a tsarist officer.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Since the year, the General Regulations have introduced a single system of records management in the state apparatus for the whole country.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

According to the regulations, the board consisted of the President, 4-5 advisers and 4 assessors.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The central place in the management system was occupied by the secret police: the Preobrazhensky Order (in charge of cases of state crimes) and the Secret Chancellery.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

These institutions were under the authority of the emperor himself.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In addition, the Salt Office, the Copper Department, and the Land Survey Chancellery operated.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The “first” collegiums were called the Military, Admiralty and Foreign Affairs.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

There were two institutions as collegiums: the Synod and the Chief Magistrate.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The colleges were subordinate to the Senate, and to them - the provincial, provincial and district administrations.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The results of the reform of management of Peter I are ambiguously considered by historians


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Regional reform


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1708—1711, a regional reform was carried out in order to strengthen the vertical of power on the ground and better provide the army with supplies and recruits.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1708, the country was divided into 8 provinces headed by governors endowed with full judicial and administrative power: Moscow, Ingermanland (later St. Petersburg), Kiev, Smolensk, Azov, Kazan, Arkhangelsk and Siberia.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Moscow province provided more than a third of revenues to the treasury, followed by the Kazan province.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The governors were also in charge of the troops located on the territory of the province.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1710, new administrative units appeared - shares that united 5,536 yards.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The first regional reform did not solve the tasks set, but only significantly increased the number of civil servants and the cost of their maintenance.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1719-1720, the second regional reform was carried out, which eliminated the shares.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The provinces began to be divided into 50 provinces led by voivods, and provinces into districts led by zemstvo commissars appointed by the Chamber Collegium.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Only military and judicial cases remained in charge of the governor.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Judicial reform


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Under Peter I, the judicial system underwent radical changes.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Senate and the Judicial Board received the functions of the Supreme Court.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Below them were: in the provinces - Gofgerichts, or court courts of appeal in large cities, and provincial collegial lower courts.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Provincial courts conducted civil and criminal cases of all categories of peasants, except monastic, as well as citizens not included in the settlements.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Since 1721, the court cases of citizens included in the settlement were conducted by a magistrate.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In other cases, the so-called sole court acted (cases were decided alone by a zemstvo or city judge).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

However, in 1722, the lower courts were replaced by provincial courts headed by the voivode [4] [5].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Judges were also separated from the administration.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Control over the activities of civil servants


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In order to monitor the implementation of decisions on the ground and reduce widespread corruption, a post of fiscal officers was established since 1711 to “secretly visit, report and denounce” all abuses, both senior and lower officials, prosecute embezzlement, bribery, and receive denunciations from individuals.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

At the head of the fiscal authorities was the chief fiscal, who was appointed by the emperor and obeyed him.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The chief fiscal was a member of the Senate and maintained contact with subordinate fiscal officials through the fiscal table of the Senate Chancellery.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The denunciations were considered and reported monthly to the Senate by the Reprisal Chamber, a special judicial presence of four judges and two senators (existed in 1712—1719) [6] [7].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1719-1723, the fiscal authorities were subordinate to the Justice Board, and with the establishment in January 1722, the posts of Prosecutor General were under his supervision.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Since 1723, the fiscal general appointed by the Tsar became the chief fiscal, and his assistant was the chief fiscal, appointed by the Senate.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In this regard, the fiscal service withdrew from the subordination of the Judicial Board and regained departmental independence.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The vertical of fiscal control was brought to the city level [6] [7].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Military reform


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The reform of the army: in particular, the introduction of regiments of a new system, reformed according to a foreign model, began long before Peter the Great, under Alexei Mikhailovich.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

However, the combat capability of this army was low [8].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The reform of the army and the creation of the fleet became necessary conditions for the victory in the Northern War of 1700-1721.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Preparing for war with Sweden, Peter ordered in 1699 to make a general recruitment and begin training military personnel (soldiers, dragoons, reitar, etc.) according to the model established by the Preobrazhentsy and Semyonovtsev.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

This first recruitment set gave 29 infantry regiments and two dragoons.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1705, one recruit was to be put up for lifelong service every 20 yards.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Subsequently, recruits were taken from a certain number of male souls among peasants.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Recruitment to the Navy, as well as to the army, was carried out from recruits.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In addition to the organizational structure, Peter changed the material supply system of the army and did a lot to provide the army with domestic weapons.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Already at the height of the Northern War of 1700-1721, Peter opened many weapons factories, the most famous of which were the Tula Arms Plant and the Olonets Artillery Plant.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In terms of material support, Pyotr Alekseevich introduced uniform uniforms in the Russian army for land (green caftans and black hats) and cavalry troops (blue caftans and black hats).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

According to the Military Regulations of 1716, the supply of food was also standardized, and grocery stores were opened throughout the country.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

If at first there were mainly foreign specialists among the officers, then after the start of the navigation, artillery, engineering school, the growth of the army was satisfied by Russian officers from nobility.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1715, the Maritime Academy was opened in St. Petersburg.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1716, the Military Regulations were issued, which strictly defined the service, rights and duties of military personnel.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

As a result of the reforms, a strong regular army and a powerful navy were created, which Russia simply did not have before.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

By the end of Peter's reign, the number of regular ground forces reached 210 thousand. (of which there were 2,600 in the guard, 41,560 in cavalry, 75,000 in the infantry, 14,000 in garrisons) and up to 110,000 irregular troops.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The fleet consisted of 48 battleships, 787 galleys and other vessels; there were almost 30,000 people on all ships [9]


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Church reform


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

One of the transformations of Peter the Great was the reform of church administration carried out by him, aimed at eliminating church jurisdiction autonomous from the state and subordinating the Russian church hierarchy To the emperor.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1700, after the death of Patriarch Adrian, Peter I, instead of convening a council to elect a new patriarch, temporarily appointed Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky of Ryazan at the head of the clergy, who received a new the title of Guardian of the Patriarchal Throne or “Exarch”.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

To manage the property of patriarchal and bishop's houses, as well as monasteries, including their peasants (approximately 795,000), the Monastery Order headed by I. A. Musin-Pushkin, who again began to be in charge of the trial of monastery peasants and control the income from church and monastic land holdings.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1701, a series of decrees were issued to reform the management of church and monastery possessions and the organization of monastic life; the most important were decrees 24 and St.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1721, Peter approved the Spiritual Regulations, the compilation of which was entrusted to the bishop of Pskov, close to Tsar Little Russia Feofan Prokopovich.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

As a result, there was a radical reform of the church, which eliminated the autonomy of the clergy and completely subordinated it to the state.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In Russia, the Patriarchate and the Synodality of the Russian Orthodox Church were abolished.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Spiritual Collegium was established at its first meeting, in 1721, renamed the Holy Synod, which was recognized by the Eastern Patriarchs as an equal patriarch.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

All members of the Synod were appointed by the Emperor and took an oath of allegiance to him when they took office.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

St.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Synod was the supreme body of public administration in its power equal to the Senate.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

On the spiritual part, he gave instructions to all lower institutions of the empire.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

St.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Synod and the Senate were demolished by the “Vedenya”.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Under Peter I, these bodies held joint conferences.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Wartime stimulated the withdrawal of valuables from monastery vaults.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter did not agree to the complete secularization of the church and monastery possessions, which was carried out much later, at the beginning of the reign of Catherine II.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Religious policy


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter's era was marked by a tendency towards greater religious tolerance.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter terminated the “12 articles” adopted by Sophia, according to which the Old Believers who refused to renounce the “schism” were to be burned at the stake.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

“Schismatics” were allowed to profess their faith, provided that the existing state order was recognized and taxes were paid in double the amount [10].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Full freedom of faith was granted to foreigners who came to Russia, and restrictions on communication between Orthodox Christians and Christians of other faiths were lifted (in particular, interfaith marriages were allowed).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Nevertheless, after an armed clash with the monastery brethren in the Polotsk Basilian Monastery on the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which occurred during Vespers on July 11, 1705 and in which Four Uniates were mortally wounded, and Peter ordered one of the monks who denounced him to hang [11].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Financial reform


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Azov campaigns, the Northern War of 1700-1721 and the maintenance of a permanent recruiting army created by Peter I required huge funds, to collect which financial reforms were aimed.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

At the first stage, it was all about finding new sources of funds.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Traditional customs and tavern levies were supplemented by fees and benefits from the monopolization of the sale of certain goods (salt, alcohol, tar, bristles, etc.), indirect taxes (bath, fish, horse taxes , tax on oak coffins, etc.), mandatory use of stamp paper, minting coins of lower weight (damage).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1704, Peter carried out a monetary reform, as a result of which the main currency was not money, but a penny.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

From now on, it began to be equal not to ½ money, but to 2 money, and this word first appeared on coins.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

At the same time, the irreplaceable ruble, which had been a conventional currency since the 15th century, equated to 68 grams of pure silver and used as a standard in exchange transactions, was also abolished.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The most important measure in the course of the financial reform was the introduction of a poll tax instead of the previously existing household taxation.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1710, a “household” census was conducted, which showed a decrease in the number of yards.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

One of the reasons for this decrease was that in order to reduce taxes, several yards were covered with one wattle fence, and one gate was made (this was considered one yard in the census).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Due to these shortcomings, it was decided to switch to a poll tax.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1718-1724, a second population census was carried out in parallel with the revision of the population (revision of the census), which began in 1722.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

According to this audit, 5,967,313 people were filed.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Based on the data obtained, the government divided by the population the amount of money needed to maintain the army and navy.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

As a result, the amount of the poll tax was determined: serfs of landowners paid 74 kopecks to the state, state peasants — 1 ruble 14 kopecks (since they did not pay rent), the urban population — 1 ruble 20 kopecks.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Only men were taxed, regardless of age.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The nobility, clergy, as well as soldiers and Cossacks were exempt from the poll tax.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The soul was counting — between audits, the dead were not excluded from the filing lists, newborns were not included, and as a result, the tax burden was distributed unevenly.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

As a result of the tax reform, the size of the treasury was significantly increased.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

If in 1710 revenues extended to 3,134,000 rubles; in 1725 it was 10,186,707 rubles. (according to foreign information — up to 7,859,833 rubles).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Transformation in industry and commerce


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Realizing during the Grand Embassy the technical lag of Russia, Peter could not ignore the problem of reforming the Russian industry.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In addition, the creation of its own industry was dictated by military needs, as indicated by a number of historians [12].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Having started the Northern War with Sweden in order to gain access to the sea and proclaimed as a task the construction of a modern fleet in the Baltic (and even earlier in Azov), Peter was forced to build manufactories, designed to meet the dramatically increased needs of the army and navy.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

One of the main problems was the lack of qualified craftsmen.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The Tsar solved this problem by attracting foreigners to the Russian service on favorable terms, sending Russian nobles to study in Western Europe.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Manufacturers received great privileges: they were exempt from military service with children and craftsmen, were subject only to the court of the Manufactory Board, got rid of taxes and internal duties, and could do duty-free bring the tools and materials they needed from abroad, and their homes were freed from military standstill.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The first silver smelter in Russia was built near Nerchinsk in Siberia in 1704.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The following year, he won his first silver medal.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Significant measures have been taken for geological exploration of minerals in Russia.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Previously, the Russian state was completely dependent on foreign countries in terms of raw materials, primarily Sweden (iron was transported from there), but after the discovery of deposits of iron ore and other useful there is no need for iron purchases in the Urals.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1723, the largest iron-making plant in Russia was founded in the Urals, from which the city of Yekaterinburg developed.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Under Peter, Nevyansk, Kamensk-Uralsky, Nizhny Tagil were founded.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Arms factories (cannon yards, arsenals) appear in the Olonets Territory, Sestroretsk and Tula, gunpowder factories in St. Petersburg and near Moscow, and the leather and textile industries are developing in Moscow, Yaroslavl, Kazan and Left Bank Ukraine, which was due to the need to produce equipment and uniforms for the Russian troops, silk spinning, the production of paper, cement, sugar appear factory and trellis factory.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1719, the Berg-Privilege was published, according to which everyone was given the right to search, melt, cook and clean metals and minerals everywhere, subject to payment of a “mining tax” of 1/10 of the cost of production and 32 shares in favor of the owner of the land where ore deposits were found.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

For concealing ore and trying to prevent mining, the owner was threatened with confiscation of land, corporal punishment and even the death penalty “through the fault of watching”.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The main problem at Russian manufactories of that time was the lack of labor.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The problem was solved by violent measures: entire villages and villages were attributed to the manufactories, whose peasants worked out their taxes to the state at manufactories (such peasants will be called registered ), criminals and beggars were sent to factories.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1721, a decree followed, which allowed “merchant people” to buy villages whose peasants could be moved to manufactories (such peasants will be called possession peasants).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Trade has been further developed.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

With the construction of St. Petersburg, the role of the country's main port passed from Arkhangelsk to the future capital.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

River canals were being built.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In particular, Vyshnevolotsky (Vyshnevolotskaya water system) and Obvodny canals were built.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

At the same time, two attempts to build the Volga-Don Canal failed (although 24 locks were built), while tens of thousands of people worked on its construction, the working conditions were difficult, and mortality is very high [13].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Some historians describe Peter's trade policy as a policy of protectionism, which consists in supporting domestic production and establishing increased duties on imported products (this is corresponded to the idea of mercantilism).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Thus, in 1724, a protective customs tariff was introduced — high duties on foreign goods that could be manufactured or have already been produced by domestic enterprises.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The number of factories and factories at the end of Peter's reign extended to 233 [14], including about 90 were large manufactories [15].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Autocracy reform


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Before Peter I, the procedure for succession to the throne in Russia was not regulated by law in any way, and was entirely determined by tradition.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter I introduced a decree in 1722 on succession to the throne, according to which the reigning monarch appoints a successor during his lifetime, and the emperor can make anyone his heir (it was assumed that the king will appoint “the most worthy” as his successor).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

This law was in force until the reign of Paul I.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter himself did not have time to use the law [16] [17].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Estate policy


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The main goal pursued by Peter I in social policy is the legal registration of class rights and obligations of each category of the population of Russia.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

As a result, a new structure of society has developed, in which the class character has been more clearly formed.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The rights and duties of the nobility were expanded, and, at the same time, the serfdom of peasants was strengthened.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Nobility


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Key milestones:


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The unity of inheritance decree of 1714: a landowner with sons could bequeath all his real estate to only one of them of his choice.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The rest were obliged to serve.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The decree marked the final merger of the noble estate and the boyar patrimony, thereby finally erasing the differences between them.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The division of military, civil and court service into 14 ranks.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

When reaching the eighth grade, any official or military man could receive the status of a personal nobleman.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Thus, a person's career depended primarily not on his origin, but on achievements in the public service.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The place of the former boyars was taken by the “generals”, consisting of the ranks of the first four classes of the “Table of Ranks”.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Personal length of service mixed representatives of the former ancestral nobility with people raised by the service.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter's legislative measures, without significantly expanding the class rights of the nobility, significantly changed his duties.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Military science, which in Moscow times was the duty of a narrow class of service people, is now becoming the duty of all segments of the population.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The nobleman of Peter the Great's times still has the exclusive right of land ownership, but due to decrees on unity of inheritance and audit, he is responsible to the state for the tax serviceability of their peasants.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The nobility is obliged to study in order to prepare for service.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter destroyed the former isolation of the service class, opening access to the gentry environment to people of other classes through the Report Card of Ranks.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

On the other hand, by the law on unity of inheritance, he opened the way out of the nobility to merchants and clergy to those who wanted it.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The nobility of Russia becomes a military-bureaucratic class, the rights of which are created and hereditarily determined by the civil service, and not by birth.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peasantry


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter's reforms changed the situation of peasants.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

From different categories of peasants who were not in serfdom dependence on landowners or the church (black pine peasants of the north, non-Russian peoples, etc.), a new single category was formed state peasants — personally free, but paid rent to the state.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The opinion that this measure “destroyed the remnants of the free peasantry” is wrong, since the population groups that made up state peasants were not considered free in the pre-Peter the Great period - they were attached to the ground (Cathedral Code of 1649) and could be granted by the king to individuals and churches as serfs.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

State peasants in the 18th century had the rights of personally free people (they could own property, act in court as one of the parties, elect representatives to class bodies, etc.), but there were limited in movement and could be (until the beginning of the XIX century, when this category was finally established as free people) transferred by the monarch to the category of serfs.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Legislative acts related to the serf peasantry proper were contradictory in nature.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Thus, the intervention of landowners in serf marriages was limited (decree of 1724), it was forbidden to expose serfs instead of themselves as defendants in court and keep them on the right for the owner's debts [18].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The norm on the transfer to guardianship of the estates of landowners who ruined their peasants was also confirmed [18], and slaves were given the opportunity to register as soldiers, which freed them from serfdom [19 ] (by decree of imp. Elizabeth of the Year serfs lost this opportunity).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

By decree of 1699 and the verdict of the Town Hall of 1700, peasants engaged in trade or craft were granted the right to move to posadas, exempt from serfdom (if the peasant is in such was) [20].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

At the same time, measures against fugitive peasants were significantly tightened, large masses of palace peasants were distributed to private individuals, landowners were allowed to send serfs to recruits.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

By decree, it was allowed to cede, for unpaid debts of “local” serfs, which was actually a form of trade in serfs [20].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The taxation of slaves (that is, personal servants without land) by a poll tax led to the merger of slaves with serfs.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Church peasants were subject to the monastery order and removed from the power of monasteries.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Under Peter, a new category of dependent farmers was created — peasants assigned to manufactories.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

These peasants in the XVIII century were called possession peasants.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

By decree of 1721, nobles and merchants and manufacturers were allowed to buy peasants to manufactories to work on them.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The peasants bought at the factory were not considered the property of its owners, but were attached to the production, so that the owner of the factory could neither sell nor mortgage the peasants separately from the manufactory.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Possession peasants received a fixed salary and performed a fixed amount of work [21].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Urban population


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The urban population during the era of Peter the Great was very small: about 3% of the country's population [22].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The only major city was Moscow, which was the capital before Peter's reign.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Although in terms of development of cities and industry, Russia was much inferior to Western Europe, but during the 17th century they gradually grew.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The social policy of Peter the Great, concerning the urban population, pursued the provision of payment of poll taxes.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

For this purpose, the population was divided into two categories: regular (industrialists, merchants, artisans of workshops) and irregular citizens (all others).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The difference between the city regular man in the street at the end of Peter's reign and the irregular was that a regular citizen participated in the city administration by electing members of the magistrate, enrolled in the guild and workshop, or carried a monetary duty in a share that fell on him according to the public layout.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1722, craft shops according to the Western European model appeared.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The main purpose of their creation was to unite disparate craftsmen to produce products necessary for the army.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

However, the workshop structure in Russia did not take root.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

During the reign of Peter, the city management system changed.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The governors appointed by the tsar were replaced by elected City Magistrates subordinate to the Chief Magistrate.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Magistrates collected taxes and performed judicial functions.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

These measures meant the development of city self-government [23].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Cultural transformations


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter changed the beginning of the chronology from the Creation of the World to the birth of Christ.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Byzantine 7208 was 1700 AD, and the New Year was celebrated on January 1.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In addition, under Peter, a uniform application of the Julian calendar was introduced.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

After returning from the Grand Embassy, Peter I fought against the external manifestations of the “outdated” lifestyle (the most famous ban on beards), but no less drew attention to the introduction of the nobility to education and secular Europeanized culture.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Secular educational institutions began to appear, the first Russian newspaper, called Vedomosti, was founded [24], and translations of many books into Russian are being published.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter made success in his service dependent on education for the nobles.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Under Peter in 1703, the first book in Russian with Arabic numerals appeared (Arithmetic by Leonty Magnitsky).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Before that date, they were denoted by letters with titles (wavy lines).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1708, Peter approved a new alphabet with a simplified lettering (the Church Slavonic font remained for printing church literature), the two letters “xi” and “psi” were excluded.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter created new printing houses, in which 1,312 titles of books were printed in 1700-1725 (twice as much as in the entire previous history of Russian printing).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Due to the rise in printing, paper consumption increased from 4-8 thousand sheets at the end of the 17th century to 50 thousand sheets in 1719 [25].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

There have been changes in the Russian language, which includes 4.5 thousand new words borrowed from European languages [26].


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In 1724, Peter approved the charter of the Academy of Sciences being organized (opened in 1725 after his death).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Of particular importance was the construction of stone Petersburg, in which foreign architects took part and which was carried out according to the plan developed by the tsar.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

He created a new urban environment with previously unfamiliar forms of life and pastime (theater, masquerades).


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The interior decoration of houses, the way of life, the composition of food, etc. have changed.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

By a special decree of the tsar in 1718, assemblies were introduced, representing a new form of communication between people for Russia.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

At the assemblies, the nobles danced and communicated freely, unlike previous feasts and feasts.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

The reforms carried out by Peter I affected not only politics, the economy, but also art.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

Peter invited foreign artists to Russia and at the same time sent talented young people to study “art” abroad, mainly to Holland and Italy.


Question: Were the reforms of Peter the Great successful?

Peter I's reforms

In the second quarter of the 18th century “Peter the Great's pensioners” began to return to Russia, bringing with them new artistic experience and acquired skills.