Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick is furious and threatens that if they do not get him released immediately, that he will surrender everyone.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Turk opens the window trying to get Nick to escape.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

When Nick is about to jump out the window, McQuig walks into the office.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick grabs the gun he left on the table.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig is coming at Nick, demanding to give up the gun.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Nick shoots him, but the gun is unloaded.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Then Turk shoots Nick, killing him on the spot while trying to escape.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

It turns out that at McQuig's instructions, the pistol was deliberately discharged, and an armed policeman was on duty outside the window.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Dave and Irene leave the station, deciding to try to be together.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Craig from the state crime commission comes to the station, presenting arrest warrants for Welsh and Turk.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

McQuig goes outside and gets into the car in which his wife is waiting for him.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Cast


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Mitchum — Captain Thomas McQuigg


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Lizabeth Scott vs. Irene Hayes


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Ryan vs. Nick Scanlon


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

William Talman — Officer Bob Johnson


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Ray Collins is D.A. Mortimer Ex.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Welch


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Hutton vs. Dave Ames


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

William Conrad — Detective Sergeant Turk


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Walter Sand — Precinct Sergeant Jim Delaney


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Les Tremaine — Harry Craig, Chief Investigator of the Crime Commission


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Don Porter vs R.G.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Connolly


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Brett King vs. Joe Scanlon


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tito Vuolo — Tony, Nika's hairdresser


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Filmmakers and leading actors


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

John Cromwell worked as a theater actor and director on Broadway before moving to Hollywood in the late 1920s, where he directed a total of 49 films between 1929 and 1961.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Among them are the crime dramas of 1931 “Boulevard Newspaper” and “Vice Police”, as well as the noir films “Algeria” (1938), “Let's Pay After Death” (1947) and “In a Cage” (1950) [3].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Mitchum, Robert Ryan, and Lizabeth Scott were among the biggest stars in the film noir genre.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In particular, Mitchum played in fourteen noir films, the most successful among them were When Strangers Marry (1944), Medallion (1946), From the Past (1947), Crossfire (1947), Woman His Dreams” (1951), “Angel Face” (1952) and “Hunter's Night” (1955), and later played in remakes of the classic noirs Goodbye My Beauty (1975) and “Deep Sleep” (1978) [4].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Robert Ryan was nominated for an Oscar for his supporting role in the noir film Crossfire (1947), in which he first met Mitcham on the set.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In total, he played in 14 noirs, the most significant of which were Act of Violence (1948), Berlin Express (1948), Setup (1949), On Dangerous Land (1951), Skirmish in the Night (1952) and Bamboo House ( 1955) [5].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Lizabeth Scott has played in 11 noir films, including Martha Ivers's Strange Love (1946), Cromwell's Pay After Death (1947), The Trap (1948), I'm Always Alone (1948), It's Too Late for Tears” (1949) and “The Dark City” (1950) [6].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Ray Collins and William Talman are best known for starring in the judicial television series Perry Mason, which ran from 1958-65.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Ray Collins also played in the noir films God Judge Her (1945), Catastrophe (1946), Double Life (1947), Hours of Despair (1955) and Seal of Evil (1958) [8].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

William Talman played in the noir films Armed Robbery of an Armored Car (1950), The Travel Companion (1953), The City That Never Sleeps (1953), The Big House, USA (1955) and Prison Break (1955) [9].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Making a movie


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Racket is based on the 1928 silent film of the same name, produced by Howard Hughes, owner of RKO Radio Pictures, and directed by the then young Lewis Milestone [10].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Schwartz, the silent film of 1928 was “an ordinary old-fashioned crime film that detailed political corruption and violence in an unnamed city in the Midwest, which openly there is a criminal syndicate” [11].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The 1928 film, in turn, was based on a play by Bartlett Cormack, which was staged on Broadway in 1927-28.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Interestingly, “in the Broadway play, the main role was played by Edward G. Robinson, and the role of McQuigg was played by John Cromwell himself. The post-Broadway theatrical production took place across the country, ending in Los Angeles, where Robinson was noticed by Warner Bros., shoving him into a series of gangster films that made him a star” [10] [12].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The film “was mostly directed by John Cromwell, who was extremely familiar with the material” [12] Cromwell, who would not be quite healthy at the time, shot the bulk of the film in April-May 1951 of the year [10].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Craig Butler believes that “it is quite possible that the original script made more sense, but according to legend, Hughes insisted on its significant rework during filming and numerous changes at the post-production stage” [13].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tatara notes that “Hughes was not satisfied with the director's version of the film, after which “Cromwell (whom Ryan described as “very old and sick”) left Hollywood indignantly” [12], and “Hughes invited an experienced screenwriter W. R. Burnett added more action to the film, which looked too theatrical, and asked Nick Ray to shoot, which Ray did in June 1951 for five days. During this time, Ray directed the opening piece of the film, the scene in the police locker room, the scene of Mitcham's fight with the bandit on the roof, some glamorous close-ups of Lizabeth Scott singing in a nightclub scene, and a few other pieces that made the film more energetic, although it ends up looking like patchwork, which is what it actually is” [10].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tatara notes that Sherman Todd, editor of Sherman Todd and famous director Tay Garnett, also shot several short episodes and inserts. And after all this, one can only wonder that the picture looks completely complete” [12].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Critics' rating of the film


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Overall score of the film


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The film caused rather contradictory assessments.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Many critics considered the play on which the script was staged outdated, and the production was not convincing enough, noting the strong performance of the actors who played the main roles, especially Robert Mitcham and Robert Ryan.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In particular, Variety magazine wrote that “this remake of Bartlett Cormac's old play is performed with a clear emphasis on action and suspense, and the cast emphasizes the rough rigidity of the script.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The magazine especially highlights Robert Mitcham's performance as an honest police captain and opposing gangster played by Robert Ryan, who “dominate the film with a powerful convincing game, which is of great interest.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

The story itself, according to the magazine, “is revived by several strong thriller episodes, such as a fight on the roof of Mitcham with a shooter, cars leaning in high-speed turns and accidents, and shootings between the forces of good and evil” [14].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Craig Butler believes that “although the film does not manage to be as good as it could be (perhaps due to the intervention of studio boss Howard Hughes), it is still good enough as entertainment... and for this we should thank mainly its stars.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Butler, due to the well-known difficulties with production, “the film lacks harmony, leaves too many dead ends and a lack of unifying vision”, but “so far on the screen are played by Mitchum and Ryan — as well as Lizabeth Scott, who, although she plays a far-fetched and poorly written role, it is still good to have it on the team — the film remains a worthy performance” [13].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Dennis Schwartz concludes that “the film does not show enough strength to strike a powerful blow, it has mitigated everything related to the widespread corruption that has engulfed the city, and makes all the characters one-dimensional types. All it has is action scenes and a little bit of gloss.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Schwartz believes that “the original version was a more impressive film”.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

He also writes that “the film reflects the realities of the 1920s more than the 1940s, but, unfortunately, it takes place in the 1940s. This is a typical gangster movie of its era, and it is outdated and too dim” [11].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Characteristics of the film


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Film critic Bosley Crowther in The New York Times writes: “Bartlett Cormack's old play Racket was a groundbreaking exposure of gangster political influence when it was released on Broadway 24 years ago,” and now “it has been blown off the dust and equipped with modern cars and clothes.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Crowther, “the only thing that deserves attention in this modernized replay of the old show is the timeliness of its overall theme and the inevitable clash of its stars.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Crowther further notes that the main conflict between the cop and the criminal “has lost its innovative essence, given how many times it has played out on screen since the first production of Racketeering”, and, which is sad, it's not interesting.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In addition, “W. R. Burnett and William Wister Haynes are so messy towards the end that it is absolutely impossible to understand the subtleties of how, for example, a cop lures a bandit to the place of his death.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Crowther, “the conflict between Mitcham and Ryan is quite boring, characterized mainly by an exchange of clichés, and the rest of the actors also do little to give life to the events. As for the study of criminals and politics in the film, they are so general and familiar, as if this is the case when everything is played again” [15].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

TimeOut magazine notes that “the original parcels promised a good movie.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In particular, “Howard Hughes was the producer of the (successful) silent version of Racketeering, which ignited Hollywood's gangster cycle. John Cromwell achieved the opportunity to stage the film thanks to his performance in the Broadway production of the play, and Mitchum plus Ryan promised a win-win power confrontation.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

But, the magazine further writes, “the Hughes RKO studio at that time was slowly fading away, Cromwell was on the gray lists of the Commission of Inquiry into Anti-American Activities, and Mitchum agreed to play a role a cop representing those damned state bodies.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Summarizing its assessment, the magazine writes that the film turned out to be “softer than it should have, but still dark enough to get lost in it” [16].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Schwartz points out that “the violence that comes from both Ryan and Mitcham seems nothing compared to the blatant and insidious violence against people's trust by those politicians who are sold to benefit themselves personally.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

He further writes that the film “only hints that the real decomposition comes from the top of the political hierarchy, from the governor and his entourage. But, unfortunately, the film does not touch on this topic, considering it as a personal battle between Ryan and Mitcham.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Schwartz notes that “in one case, Mitchum breaks the arrest warrant and in the other he sets up the suspect; Ryan, for his part, creates problems with his bosses and with society, openly killing his enemies”, concluding that “the main difference between them is that Mitchum acts dirty for the good of society and persecution of bad guys, while Ryan is fighting a dirty struggle solely to build an evil empire for himself, and he is not bothered by those to whom he hurts” [11].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Characteristics of acting


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Critics praised the acting in this film, especially highlighting the work of Robert Mitcham and Robert Ryan.


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Crowther notes that “Robert Mitchum and Robert Ryan, who play the roles of a fearless and incorruptible police captain and gangster with political intentions, are vigorously and acutely in this excellent melodrama”, playing a kind of rematch after his confrontation in the film Crossfire (1947) [15].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tatara adds that “Ryan and Mitchum throw episodes to each other like old masters of their craft; some may even think that Ryan is taking the picture for himself.”


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

In his opinion, “the rather sluggish course of the narrative by the standards of the criminal genre “does not underestimate the charisma of the leading actors” [12].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

A similar opinion is shared by Butler, who wrote that “Mitchum and Ryan play an exciting game, the former uses his familiar relaxed style to create great power, and the second fills his unbridled character by good old inevitable surprises” [13].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Butler notes that “it's a little strange to see Mitcham as a cop, especially as honest and official as his character is. But this strangeness adds a subtle new nuance to the role and the film as a whole, and also helps explain the ridiculous ending when his character is satisfied with the way it turned out — despite the fact that the real fat cats remained alive and unharmed” [13].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Tatara adds that “in this rather skillful police film, Mitch constantly looks like he needs a big cup of black coffee, but still burns the screen” [12].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Schwartz, the rest of the characters in the film are typical noir in nature, including the nightclub singer (Scott), who, seeing that Nick Scanlon's brother is weak to protect her, decides to put the end of the mafia even in the face of the danger it faces; a dishonest pragmatic prosecutor (Collins), who has been promised a position of judge by the mafia after the election and who is ready to sell his soul for it; corrupt Police Sergeant Turk (Conrad), who does business in a tricky way for the mafia; a young cop Johnson (Talman), tough and honest like McQuigg; and a naive aspiring reporter Ames (Hatton), who falls in love with a blonde singer [11].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Variety also emphasizes that in addition to a couple of main characters, “male attention is also provided by William Talman's strong work as an aspiring cop and a couple of Ray Collins and William Conrad in as dishonest politicians... Women's interest in the film is minimized, but Lizabeth Scott as a night singer does what she should do well” [14].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

According to Crowther, she “rushes from edge to edge as a frightened nightclub singer, eventually falling in love with a naive reporter played by Robert Hutton” [15].


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Notes


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

References


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

on the IMDB website


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

on Allmovie website


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

on the Turner Classic Movies website


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

movie trailer on Turner Classic Movies


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Category:Films noir


Question: What is the name of the main character in Racket (1951)?

Racketeering (1951 film)

Category:Films directed by John Cromwell


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Wilton Norman (Wilt) Chamberlain (English: Wilton Norman “Wilt” Chamberlain; August 21, 1936 — October 12, 1999) was an American basketball player who played in the center position.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Two-time NBA champion (1967, 1972), four-time NBA MVP of the season (1960, 1966—68), and was a member of the all-star teams ten times at the end of the season (1960—62, 1964, 1966—68 — first team, 1963, 1965, 1972 — second team).


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

He holds the record for the most points scored in one game in an NBA game — 100 points exactly.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Chamberlain is considered one of the most outstanding players in the history of basketball [1] [2].


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

A member of the Basketball Hall of Fame since 1979, and a member of the list of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History since 1996.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Career


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1959—1965)


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Philadelphia Seventy Sixers (1965—1968)


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Los Angeles Lakers (1968—1973)


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Achievements and records


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

2-time NBA champion (1967, 1972).


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Four-time NBA MVP of the season (1960, 1966—68).


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

He was a member of the symbolic teams 10 times at the end of the season (1960—62, 1964, 1966-68 — first team, 1963, 1965, 1972 — second team).


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

He is one of the top 50 players in the history of the association.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Chamberlain became the highest-scoring player of the season for seven years in a row (1960—66).


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

In the 1961/62 season, he set three unique records: 100 points in one game, 35 hits from the field without a miss, 4,029 points in 80 games.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Wilt Chamberlain has been the best rebounding player in the NBA 11 times.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

In addition, he holds the record for the most rebounds in the history of the NBA with 23,924 rebounds.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

He also holds the record for the most rebounds in a single game — 55 rebounds.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

He is considered one of the unlucky players in NBA history, as most of his career in the NBA was hegemony of the Boston Celtics, where Bill Russell played.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

That's why Wilt couldn't become a champion for a long time.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

When he was completely desperate, he insisted on moving to Philadelphia 76, where he became the champion in 1967.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

He then won the title in 1972, when Russell had already retired.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

He played one of the main roles in the movie “Conan the Destroyer”.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Death


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

He died on October 12, 1999 from cardiac arrest.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

See also


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Top 50 snipers in NBA history


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Wilt Chamberlain's hundred-point match


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Notes


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

References


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Please use a more specific IMDb template.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

See the documentation for available templates.


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

American basketball players


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category:Kansas Jayhawks basketball players


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category:Harlem Globtrotters players


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category:Philadelphia Warriors players


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category:San Francisco Warriors players


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category:Los Angeles Lakers players


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category:Philadelphia Seventy Sixers players


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category:Basketball Hall of Fame members


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category:NBA basketball players with unused numbers


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category: American actors


Question: How many team members were at Harlem Globtrotters in 2018?

Wilt Chamberlain

Category: 20th-century actors


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

[~1] is a platformer video game that first introduced the character Sonic the Hedgehog and began the career of its developer Sonic Team, one of the divisions of Sega Corporation.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The game was released in the summer of 1991 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis console and was later ported to various gaming platforms of several generations and was included in dozens of compilations.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In the story, Sonic the Hedgehog wants to prevent the villain Dr. Robotnik from getting hold of the Chaos Emeralds gems and free his friends from enemy robots.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The development of Sonic the Hedgehog began in 1990 and was entrusted to the Sonic Team, initially consisting of seven people.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The management of Sega commissioned the development of a game that would have a circulation of more than a million copies, and a character who could become the company's mascot.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Many different design options for the protagonist were proposed, but eventually the developers decided on a blue hedgehog named Sonic, created by artist Naoto Oshima.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

He was engaged in programming Sonic the Hedgehog (in Dutch), and wrote music (in Dutch).


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The game began to be sold with the Mega Drive/Genesis console, replacing the Altered Beast arcade.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

After the release of Sonic, the Hedgehog received rave reviews from critics.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The game was praised for its speed, design and musical accompaniment.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog featured many new elements that only fueled its popularity during the 16-bit era, and allowed the console to quickly gain popularity in North America and Europe.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The sequel, Sonic the Hedgehog 2, was released in 1992.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Gameplay


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog is made in two-dimensional graphics.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In the story, the main character of the game, the hedgehog named Sonic, meets for the first time with the villain Dr. Robotnik, who seeks to seize power over the whole world.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The scientist uses different animals to create his robots, called badniks (English: Badnik), and tries to get hold of six mystical gems, the Chaos Emeralds, to further strengthen your power.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic seeks to free his friends, destroy Robotnik's cars, get stones first, and disrupt the villain's plans [1].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The player will have to go through six different game zones (“Green Hill”, “Marble”, “Spring Yard”, “Labyrinth”, “Star Light” and “Scrap Brain”), each of which is divided into three acts and filled with certain robot enemies [2].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

If there are no obstacles along the way, Sonic picks up speed quickly.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

With a fairly fast run, the hedgehog easily overcomes dead loops, and when folded into a thorny ball, it rolls down the slopes even faster and can break through walls in hard-to-reach places, but is slowly climbing the mountain.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic also rolls up into a ball while jumping to attack robot enemies.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

For each enemy killed, the player is awarded points.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Significantly limits the movement speed of the main character water


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

If a player passes a level underwater, he has a limited supply of air: if you do not jump to the surface for a long time or do not touch air bubbles, the character will drown [3].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Each act is limited to ten minutes to complete; depending on the time spent completing the act, the player is awarded bonus points [4].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

If Sonic dies, the game begins anew, or from a checkpoint.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

When the player reaches the end of the first two acts of the zone, the player must mark their completion by touching the sign with the image of Dr. Robotnik; at the end of the third act, the player will face the boss, Robotnik himself, controlling a variety of combat vehicles [5].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

One of the most important elements of Sonic games is gold rings.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

They serve as a defense against enemies, and collecting 100 pieces gives you extra life.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

If Sonic is damaged, he will lose all rings, and without them, the character may die when he attacks again [6] [4].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Attacked rings can be collected, but no more than 20 for a limited time, as these rings soon disappear.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Levels also have bonuses stored in special monitors, such as temporary invulnerability or one additional life [7].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

When Sonic completes Act 1 or 2 of a zone with at least 50 rings, it is possible to advance to one of six bonus levels, Special Stages, by jumping into the large ring at the end of the act [5].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

These are surreal spaces, which are a labyrinth of blocks that revolves around its axis.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

It has the Chaos Emerald, and Sonic's task is to get to it without touching the block that says “Goal”.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

If you collect 50 rings at the bonus level, Sonic is given an additional sequel (the ability to continue the game if you lose all lives).


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

If all six Chaos Emeralds are collected, a “good” ending will be shown at the end of the game.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

It is noteworthy that there are only six emeralds in this game, while in subsequent parts of the series there are seven of them [8].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Game development


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Work on the creation of Sonic the Hedgehog began in April 1990 in Sega's division AM8 (later renamed the Sonic Team) [9] [10].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The group, initially consisting of seven people [11], was tasked with developing a game that could compete with Nintendo's Mario series and replace Alex Kidd's mascot with another hero [12].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The head of the company, Hayao Nakayama, wanted to see the future character popular as Mickey Mouse.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sega released the Mega Drive console (Genesis in the United States) in 1988.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Although Sega created new projects specifically for it and ported old ones from arcade machines, at that time the console could not compete on an equal footing with Nintendo and its consoles, NES and SNES [9].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The team decided to develop a game with an unusual gameplay and character.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The artists proposed several versions of the main character — a flying squirrel, a rabbit, an armadillo, a hedgehog, a double of American President Theodore Roosevelt and others [6] [13] [14].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

As a result, AM8 decided to focus on a hedgehog named Needlemouth (Harinezumi in Japan), created by Naoto Oshima and later renamed Sonic [13].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Later, the developers gave the battleship the name Mighty, and his debut took place in the game SegaSonic the Hedgehog [6], and the rabbit was converted into an anthropomorphic star Ristar, which first appeared in the eponymous Ristar game [15].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic Oshima's design was inspired by Felix the cat and Mickey Mouse [13].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The main character's blue color was chosen to match the cobalt blue company logo, and the character's boots were influenced by Michael Jackson's shoes with the addition of red, borrowed from Santa Claus and opposite to the colors of Jackson's Bad album cover [16] [17] [18] [19].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The character's personality was based on the optimistic impression of the report about the future US President Bill Clinton [19].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

To most employees, Sonic seemed like a young child, while Oshima considered him an adult [20].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

It was planned to include a girl named Madonna and a rock band in the game, but Sega considered these ideas inappropriate for children and were soon rejected [13] [14].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The image of Theodore Roosevelt's double was used to create the main villain of the game, Dr. Robotnik (in Japan he was called Dr. Eggman) [13].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The developers saw the rivalry between Sonic and Robotnik as a struggle between nature and technological progress [21].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The programmer of Sonic the Hedgehog was (in Dutch), who previously participated in the creation of the platformer and the Phantasy Star series of games [12].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

He did not use the block structure of levels, as was the case in other games, but developed an algorithm that allows the sprite to move smoothly along a winding pipe [20].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

This concept was adopted with minor changes by Naoto Oshima and lead designer Hirokazu Yasuhara [22].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

When creating the gameplay, Naka used ideas in his works (in Dutch).


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The programmer wanted to simplify the controls so that it was enough to press only the D-pad and the jump button on the controller.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The development team decided to create realistic levels that Sonic would sweep through at great speed to attract the attention of experienced players [12].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Under the influence of the work of artist Eijin Suzuki, designers used a bright color palette [12].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The developers were inspired to create the first level of Green Hill by the diverse landscapes of California [12], and the development of the location itself took six months [23].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

At the “Special Stage” level, a spin effect was applied that had not previously been used in Mega Drive/Genesis games [24].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

It was also planned to support multiplayer, which was supposed to use split-screen technology, but Yuji Naka was unable to implement this feature in time in this project, and it appeared in sequel to the game — Sonic the Hedgehog 2 [12].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

For several months, Naka, Oshima, and Yasuhara worked 19 hours a day on the game [22].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The demo version of Sonic the Hedgehog with the Green Hill level was demonstrated at the Tokyo Toy Show and Consumer Electronics Show [20] [25].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

After the end of development, the game was thoroughly tested.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

A total of eight people were invited [11], and, according to programmer Yuji Naki, during the test, they often had a headache from the unexpectedly high speed of passing the game [20].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Artist Akira Watanabe worked on the cover for Sonic the Hedgehog.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The developers asked him to create an “original” and “stylish” packaging design, on which the character should look colorful and neat [26].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

During the localization of the game, the American division was initially skeptical about Sonic the Hedgehog, and its employees, led by Michael Katz, did not believe that the main character and future mascot will be Sonic the Hedgehog [14].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

However, the situation changed after the arrival of the former president of Mattel to Sega.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

He decided to continue localization, as he believed that the high speed of passage and excellent graphics of the game, combined with the new mascot character, would help increase sales of the console [14].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The Japanese head office of Sega did not like the idea of selling Sonic the Hedgehog complete with Mega Drive/Genesis, changing another game - Altered Beast, but Kalinski ignored the opinion of his superiors and that's it- took a risky step [27] [28].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The game was released worldwide in the summer of 1991 [29].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

After the release of Sonic the Hedgehog, the development team was unhappy with Sega's tough corporate policies, and most employees, including Yuji Naka and Hirokazu Yasuhara, moved to the United States to work at the Sega Technical Institute [30].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Versions and releases


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

8-bit version


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In the fall of 1991, Sonic the Hedgehog was released for Master System and Game Gear consoles.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The game was developed by the company with the support of Sega.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

This version has a similar gameplay and plot to the original, but several new levels have been created specifically for it [31].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The checkpoints where the game is automatically saved so as not to replay the level from the beginning in the event of Sonic's death have been replaced by monitors.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

To save, you need to jump to the monitor.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

If the character is damaged, the rings are lost and cannot be reassembled [32].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The soundtrack for the 8-bit version was written by a chiptune musician (in Dutch).


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

According to him, he tried to preserve the feeling of the original music from the 16-bit version, but used only three fragments of music from the original, while the rest of the soundtrack was completely written them [33].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog was the last Master System game released in North America.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In 2013, it was re-released on Wii and Nintendo 3DS on the Virtual Console [32] [34], and also appeared on PC and GameCube as a mini-game in Sonic Adventure DX: Director's Cut [35].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog Genesis


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

As part of the celebration of the 15th anniversary of the original game, Sega released the Sonic the Hedgehog Genesis project for the American market in 2006 [36].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

It was released for the Game Boy Advance handheld console.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

This version differs from the original in the save function and the “Anniversary Mode” mode, which adds spin dash (overclocking in place) [36] [37].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The graphics of the game remained intact (with the exception of the redrawn Sonic sprite), but the image itself was slightly enlarged [38].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

After its release, the remake received extremely negative reviews from critics and players for its slow frame rate, poor music playback, poor sound quality and various software errors.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Reprints and compilations


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In addition to the original version on Mega Drive/Genesis, there are many ports and versions of the game for consoles of different generations.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog was released for arcade machines [39], mobile phones [39], smartphones [40] [41], and digital distribution services [6] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In 2013, a remake of the game was released for devices running Android and iOS operating systems.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

It differs from the original with new graphics, the use of a new engine, the appearance of spin dash, and the ability to play as the characters of the fox Tails and the Knuckles viper [47] [48].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog has been rereleased more than once in various compilations for game consoles and PCs.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

She appeared in Sonic Compilation for Mega Drive/Genesis (1995) [49], Sonic Jam for Sega Saturn and Game.com (1997) [50], Sonic Mega Collection (2002) [51], Sonic Mega Collection Plus (2004) [52], Sonic's Ultimate Genesis Collection for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 (2009) [53], Sonic Classic Collection (2010) for Nintendo DS [54] and Sega 3D Classics Collection (2015) for Nintendo 3DS [55].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

You can also play Sonic the Hedgehog in the console version of Sonic Generations [56].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

music


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

All the music in Sonic the Hedgehog was written by Masato Nakamura, one of the members of Dreams Come True.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Yukifumi Makino and Hiroshi Kubota worked on the sound effects [58].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Nakamura took part in the creation of a computer game for the first time.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Work on the accompaniment began after providing the musician with a demo version of Sonic the Hedgehog and consultations with the Sonic Team.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

All tunes were created on the Atari computer [59].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The composer imagined that he was working on a feature film and wanted to give the game a little drama [60].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

He also drew ideas from good graphics and great level design.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Although the Mega Drive/Genesis console could only have four sounds, Nakamura put a lot of effort into creating music and enjoyed the process.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

After the release of Sonic the Hedgehog, the composer was pleased with the work done and agreed to continue collaborating with Sega to develop Sonic the Hedgehog 2 [59].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

For a long time, a music album with the soundtrack Sonic the Hedgehog did not exist.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

It was not until October 19, 2011 that an album was released under the title, timed to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the original game [57].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Consisting of three discs, it contained tracks directly from Sonic the Hedgehog, as well as Sonic the Hedgehog 2 and several versions of the 2006 song “Sweet Sweet Sweet” from Sonic the Hedgehog.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In addition to this album, some songs from the game were also included in the music albums Sonic the Hedgehog 10th Anniversary (2001), History of Sonic Music 20th Anniversary Edition (2011) and Sonic the Hedgehog 25th Anniversary Selection (2016) [61] [62] [63].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

After the release of Sonic the Hedgehog, critics left positive reviews about the game's music.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The work done by Masato Nakamura, the game's leading composer, was highly appreciated.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The melodies were characterized as “majestic” and “amazing”, which will not be forgotten by the players for a long time [6] [64] [65].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The popularity of music is proved by the fact that remixes of melodies from Sonic the Hedgehog are still appearing on YouTube [66].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The only discreet review was left by a columnist for Mean Machines magazine, but he spoke positively about the sound effects [5].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The Green Hill Zone theme was among the top “Best Video Game Themes of All Time” compiled by journalists from websites and Computer and Video Games [67] [68].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Songs from the game, both original and remixes, were later repeatedly played in various games in the series.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog 1&2 Soundtrack.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Disk 1 (Mega Drive versions) No.TitlElength1.” STH1 Green Hill Zone” 2:382.” STH1 Marble Zone” 2:083.” STH1 Spring Yard Zone” 2:104.” STH1 Labyrinth Zone” 2:085.” STH1 Star Light Zone” 2:266.” STH1 Scrap Brain Zone” 2:367.” STH1 Final Zone” 1:178.” STH1 Special Stage” 1:329.” STH1 Power Up” 0:5810.” STH1 1up” 0:0611.” STH1 Title” 0:1112.” STH1 All Clear” 0:2013.” STH1 Stage Clear” 0:0914.” STH1 Boss” 1:2315.” STH1 Game Over” 0:1516.” STH1 Continue” 0:1217.” STH1 Staff Roll” 2:0318.” STH2 Emerald Hill Zone” 2:2619.” STH2 Chemical Plant Zone” 2:1020.” STH2 Aquatic Ruin Zone” 1:4021.” STH2 Casino Night Zone” 2:1822.” STH2 Hill Top Zone” 1:5123.” STH2 Mystic Cave Zone” 2:0724.” STH2 Oil Ocean Zone” 1:5525.” STH2 Metropolis Zone” 1:4926.” STH2 Mystic Cave Zone (2P)” 2:0527.” STH2 Casino Night Zone (2P)” 1:5528.” STH2 Death Egg Zone (Part1)” 2:1029.” STH2 Death Egg Zone (Part2)” 2:1830.” STH2 Emerald Hill Zone (2P)” 1:3531.” STH2 Sky Chase Zone” 1:3832.” STH2 Wing Fortress Zone” 1:5933.” STH2 Special Stage” 1:4734.” STH2 Power Up” 0:5435.” STH2 Title” 0:1236.” STH2 All Clear” 1:1637.” STH2 Boss” 2:1438.” STH2 Super Sonic” 1:1639.” STH2 Option” 0:4240.” STH2 Staff Roll” 2:4141.” STH2 Game Results” 2:1942.” STH2 Unused Song” 2:02 Total length: 67:51


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog 1&2 Soundtrack.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Disc 2 (Masa's Demo versions) No.Titlelength1.” STH1 Green Hill Zone” 2:372.” STH1 Marble Zone” 2:143.” STH1 Spring Yard Zone” 2:164.” STH1 Labyrinth Zone” 2:085.” STH1 Star Light Zone” 2:306.” STH1 Scrap Brain Zone” 2:417.” STH1 Final Zone” 1:248.” STH1 Special Stage” 1:329.” STH1 1up” 0:0710.” STH1 Title” 0:1211.” STH1 All Clear” 0:2412.” STH1 Stage Clear” 0:1113.” STH1 Boss” 1:2914.” STH1 Game Over” 0:2215.” STH1 Continue” 0:1316.” STH2 Emerald Hill Zone” 2:4817.” STH2 Chemical Plant Zone” 2:2918.” STH2 Aquatic Ruin Zone” 2:0319.” STH2 Casino Night Zone” 2:2320.” STH2 Hill Top Zone” 2:1221.” STH2 Mystic Cave Zone” 2:2622.” STH2 Oil Ocean Zone” 2:0623.” STH2 Metropolis Zone” 2:2124.” STH2 Mystic Cave Zone (2P)” 2:0225.” STH2 Casino Night Zone (2P)” 2:0326.” STH2 Death Egg Zone (Part1)” 2:1827.” STH2 Death Egg Zone (Part2)” 2:2228.” STH2 Emerald Hill Zone (2P)” 1:4529.” STH2 Sky Chase Zone” 1:4930.” STH2 Wing Fortress Zone” 2:0831.” STH2 Special Stage” 2:0432.” STH2 All Clear” 1:2333.” STH2 Boss” 2:2634.” STH2 Super Sonic” 1:2135.” STH2 Option” 0:4036.” STH2 Game Results” 2:1937.” STH2 Unused Song” 1:0338.” Theme of SONIC THE HEDGEHOG” (demo) 0:3441.” STH2 Unused Song” 2:02 Total length: 65:15


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog 1&2 Soundtrack.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Disc 3No.titleMusic by performerLength1.” SWEET SWEET SWEET “Masato Nakamura 5:152.” SWEET DREAM"Masato Nakamura 5:143.” SWEET SWEET -06 AKON MIX-"Masato Nakamura, EikonDreams Come True, Akon 4:414.” SWEET DREAM −06 AKON MIX-"Masato Nakamura, EikonDreams Come True, Akon 4:16 Total length: 19:26


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Ratings and opinions


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

After its release, Sonic the Hedgehog received rave reviews from critics.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

As of 2009, the game had sold more than 15 million copies worldwide [9], and eight million more users downloaded it to their mobile devices.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The average rating of the game compiled by GameRankings is 86% for the original [69].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Many reviewers compared the game to Super Mario World for Super Nintendo [2] [3] [5] [70].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic the Hedgehog has been included in the lists of “best computer games” more than once.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Websites and GameZone ranked it fifth among the best games in the series [71] [72], and GamesRadar ranked fourth [73].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In 2005, the editors of the IGN Internet portal ranked the platformer 63rd in the top “100 popular games” [74].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In 2010, Official Nintendo Magazine conducted a survey among Sonic fans about their favorite games in the series.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

According to the results of this survey, Sonic the Hedgehog ranked fourth [75].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In 2016, the game was included in [76].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Critics considered graphics to be an important advantage of the game.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

A columnist from Computer and Video Games praised the developers for using beautiful “live” colors in sprites, animations and backgrounds.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

He also named the best graphics on Genesis [77].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

GamePro magazines also singled out “stunning” and “great” backgrounds from the pros [5] [64].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In later reviews, journalists also positively assessed the graphics.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

According to Justin Towell, who reviewed the old projects in the series in 2008, noted that despite its age, the picture in Sonic the Hedgehog is not outdated at all and does not have any hint of “old age”.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

He summarized this with the following words: “2D does not age, unlike 3D...” [66].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Kristan Reed compared the game to cartoons in his review [78].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Greg Casavin and Lucas Thomas wrote that the project is still cute and colorful than ever, and the work of the graphics engine, which has been invested a lot of work, is striking in its splendor as old players and newcomers [6] [79].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Critics spoke positively about the high-speed gameplay, which has never been seen anywhere before on other consoles.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

A representative of Electronic Gaming Monthly magazine compared Sonic's speed to the Enterprise spacecraft from the Star Trek universe [80].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

GamePro described the gameplay as “lightning fast”, which, according to a GameZone reviewer, will force players to play Sonic the Hedgehog for several hours [65].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Gary Witta recommended that the owners of the Sonic game invite users of the Amiga and Atari ST computers to the demo in order to see their “slowly opening jaw due to the speed, which they never dreamed of” [70].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Levels are also considered an important advantage of Sonic the Hedgehog.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Most critics liked “Green Hill” to attract them with its green hills and lack of a large number of robots [2] [3] [14] [77].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The Mean Machines reviewer liked the Labyrinth zone the most; he generally called the level design “amazing” and the traps “brilliant” [5].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

IGN critic praised the developers of the Sonic Team for the replayability of Sonic the Hedgehog, despite the small number of locations [6].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

But some observers spoke negatively about the last zones of the game due to their difficult passage [66].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

At Mean Machines, the critic was disappointed because of the high probability of losing all the rings collected earlier, but added that this drawback is compensated by numerous forks at the levels and various secrets [5].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Craig Kasavin advised in this case to simply remember all the features and traps that exist at levels [79], and Kristan Reed recommended that developers create a save system [78].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Subsequent reissues of Sonic the Hedgehog also received positive reviews, but ratings were slightly lower than the original [81] [82].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The main criticism was aimed at the high price of the game, but positive feedback was received via a gamepad on consoles and a touch screen on mobile devices [6] [41] [78] [79].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Negative reviews were received by the reissue of Sonic the Hedgehog Genesis for poor porting of the original to Game Boy Advance, as a result of which players received slowing gameplay, bad remixes of songs, and sound effects that are a few seconds late [36] [83].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

A critic from GameSpot put forward a version that the developers did not seem to be given time to debug, and therefore a low-quality product was released, and GameSpy called the release of a reissue in honor of the 15th anniversary of the series a shame for Sega [36] [83].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Impact


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sega's decision to supply Sonic the Hedgehog complete with the console paid off.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Thanks to positive reviews from critics and an aggressive advertising campaign, people began to buy Mega Drive/Genesis en masse, especially in North America and Europe [84].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

By December 1991, the publishing house managed to occupy 50% of the game console market, and in January of the following year it was already 65% [9].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

But after the release of Sony's PlayStation console in 1994, Sega began to decline, which ended after the end of support for the Dreamcast system [85].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Many elements of Sonic the Hedgehog's gameplay (spikes, springs, winding areas) were used in subsequent Sonic games.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

The “Green Hill” level appeared in Sonic Adventure 2, Super Smash Bros.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Brawl, Sonic Generations and Sonic Mania [86] [87] [88] [89].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Some developers, shocked by the combination of platformer and speed of passage, began to create their own projects similar to Sonic the Hedgehog (Bubsy, Aero the Acro-Bat, Ristar, Earthworm Jim and Crash Bandicoot) [9] [90] [91] [92].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In November 1992, a sequel to the game called Sonic the Hedgehog 2 was released.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sonic's friend, the fox Tails, appeared here, and together they continued to fight against Dr. Robotnik [93].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Games in the Sonic the Hedgehog series are still released.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Projects in different genres were developed by both the Sonic Team itself and other companies.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

As of November 2014, the games had sold more than 150 million copies [94].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In addition to games, the media franchise [95] includes comics, books, cartoons, full-length anime [96] [97] [98].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Toys and collectible figures are produced according to the characters in the series [99].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

In the 2010s, creepipasta “Sonic.exe” became widely known, dedicated to the alleged hacked version of the PC game, in which Sonic brutally deals with other characters during the passage and is even capable of harming a player [100].


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Notes


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

comments


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Sources


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Literature


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

(in English)


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

(in English)


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

References


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

(in English) on The Green Hill Zone encyclopedia site.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

(in English) on the Sonic Retro encyclopedia site.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

(in English) on the Sonic News Network wiki.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

(in English) at Zone:0.


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Platformers


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:1991 video games


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Video games with 2D graphics


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Games for Sega Genesis/Mega Drive


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Virtual Console Games


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Xbox 360 Live Arcade Games


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Games for Game Boy Advance


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Games for PlayStation Network


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Android games


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Windows games


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Steam games


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Sonic the Hedgehog series games


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Video games developed by Sonic Team


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Video games published by Sega


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Video games developed in Japan


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:iOS games


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Games for J2ME


Question: What are the gold rings in Sonic the Hedgehog for?

Sonic the Hedgehog (16 bit)

Category:Video games only with single-player mode


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Battleships of the Normandy class (French: Normandie - Normandy) are a series of French battleships scheduled for construction in the 1910s.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

They were the development of battleships of the Brittany type.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

They were an attempt by French designers to create ships that were not inferior to battleships of other countries in firepower, with a limited displacement, which was dictated by the size of the French dry docks.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

For the first time in the world, four-gun turrets of the main caliber were used.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

In total, it was planned to build 5 battleships of this type: Normandy, Languedoc, Gascony, Flandre, Bearn.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The first four were laid in 1913, the last in 1914.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Three ships were launched in 1914, the Languedoc in 1916.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

However, the events of the First World War forced to stop the completion of battleships.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The last ship of this type, the Bearn, was launched in 1920.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Under the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty, the construction of all battleships was stopped, but the terms of the agreement allowed France to rebuild the Bearn into an aircraft carrier, which was done in 1923-1927.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The further development of the project was to be battleships of the Lyon type.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Design history


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

On December 5, 1911, the Technical Department of the French Naval Ministry prepared an analysis of the battleships of the Brittany type laid down under the 1912 program.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The technical department regretted that its specialists were not involved in the development of the design of these ships.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The document said that the location of the towers in the central part of the ship in the diametrical plane had already been tested on the battleships of the 1886 program - “Formidable” and “Amiral Baudin” and was recognized unsuccessful.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The guns arranged in this way had limited angles of fire, and firing from them led to damage to the superstructures.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

According to the authors of the document, due to the above, it was necessary to abandon this arrangement of towers on the battleships of the 1913 program.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The Director of the Design Department introduced the analysis to the Minister of the Navy and the Supreme Council of the Fleet.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

On January 5, 1912, the Minister of the Navy raised the issue of developing terms of reference for battleships of 1913, during the discussion of which the audience understood that the new battleships should differ in design from Brittany ships.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

It was necessary to determine the displacement and speed, as well as the placement of weapons — in two-, three- or four-gun turret mounts.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The technical department urgently developed a number of draft designs, which were submitted for consideration on February 1, 1912 [1].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

A number of technical restrictions were imposed on the project.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Thus, based on the depths of French ports, anchorages and the size of the existing docks, it turned out that the length of future ships is limited to 170-172 meters, the width is about 27.5 meters, the draft is 8.8 meter.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

With these dimensions, the normal displacement should have been about 25,000 tons.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

This figure included only 700 tons of coal in bunkers, with 2,700 tons of coal and 300 tons of oil at full displacement.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The displacement compared to Brittany increased by 1500 tons and was considered by many as the limit.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Meanwhile, this displacement has already been exceeded abroad.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Iron Duke battleships (25,000 tons, 10 × 343-mm) were laid down in the UK, Koenig battleships (26,575 tons, 10 × 305-mm) in Germany, and Pennsylvania battleships (31,400 tons, 10 × 356-mm) in the United States.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

In the UK, it was planned to lay Queen Elizabeth battleships (27,500 tons, 8 × 381 mm), and even in Italy, work began on the creation of battleships of the Caracciollo type with a displacement of 29,500 tons [2].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

With a normal displacement limit of 25,000 tons, it was possible to create a battleship with weapons like the Brittany and a speed of 21 knots.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

When the speed was reduced to 20 knots, it became possible to place 12,340 mm guns.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The guns were located according to a linearly elevated scheme - at each tip there was one four-gun and one elevated two-gun turret.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The option of placing 12,340-mm guns in three four-gun turrets was considered.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The third one was located in the central part, an option so criticized by the technical department.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Another option was armed with 16,305 mm guns - four four-gun turrets according to a linear-elevated scheme.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The idea of using four-gun towers was not new and had already been proposed by Dupont (English: M. Dupont), an engineer.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

A pair of guns were placed in two cradles.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

A pair of guns therefore loaded and fired at the same time.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

To reduce the likelihood of four guns being disabled by one projectile, the turret was divided by a vertical 40-mm partition into two half-towers.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

A different defense scheme from Brittany was proposed, but no details about it have been preserved.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Particular attention was paid to increasing the cruising range.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Turbine ships with direct drive to the shaft had low efficiency on cruising.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Therefore, a variant of a four-screw combined unit with a capacity of 32,000 — 35,000 hp was proposed.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The internal pair of shafts was driven by turbines, without a reverse mode.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

And the external pair of shafts was driven by steam engines with a capacity of 16,000 — 16,800 hp.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Steam engines were supposed to provide cruising up to 16 knots and provide reverse gear of the ship.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

This combined unit with a capacity of 47,000 hp.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

in particular, was installed on the Olympic and Titanic airliners [2].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

However, there were also differences in installations for battleships and airliners.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

At Normandy, steam after steam engines was not supposed to flow to turbines.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The liners were mainly operated at the same constant speed, and battleships needed a multi-mode power plant.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Therefore, the circuits of steam engines and steam turbines were separate [3].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The French fleet was seriously lagging behind the fleets of Great Britain and Germany.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

By 1911, Danton class battleships had entered service.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

By this time, the UK had introduced the first ten dreadnoughts, five battlecruisers and laid down superdreadnoughts of the Orion type.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The Germans built eight dreadnoughts and one battlecruiser.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Even the Americans, who were not considered a great maritime power at the beginning of the 20th century, put into operation six dreadnoughts.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Even more new large ships were under construction.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Against this background, the laying of four Courbet dreadnoughts in France in 1910-1911 and three types of Brittany in 1913 was insufficient.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

On March 30, 1912, an ambitious program for the development of the fleet of 1912 (French: Statut naval) was adopted.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

According to it, by 1920, the French fleet was to include 28 battleships.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

In addition to the relatively new battleships of the Republique, Verite, Danton types, Courbet dreadnoughts and Brittany superdreadnoughts, it was necessary to lay down 10 more ships.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

In 1913 and 1914, two Normandy dreadnoughts were to be laid, in 1914 - four Lyon dreadnoughts with a displacement of 29,000 tons, and in 1917 - two dreadnoughts of the new type.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The program was soon revised with the aim of obtaining 12 superdreadnoughts in the fleet by 1918.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

In 1913, four battleships of the Normandy class were to be laid down, in 1914 - the fifth ship of the same type as them, and in 1915 - four battleships of the Lyon class.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

On March 26, 1912, the General Staff announced its vision of the appearance of future battleships.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The caliber of the guns is 340 mm.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

It was recommended to abandon the three-gun installations proposed by the Saint-Chamond plant.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

A linearly elevated layout of two four- and two two-gun towers was proposed.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

It provided the maximum number of guns with a minimum displacement.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

If, in further calculations, it turns out that the extremities will be heavily overloaded, it was recommended to return to the Brittany scheme with two-gun towers.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The ships were supposed to carry a 300-ton reserve of oil, so it was recommended to equip the battleships with a refueling system at sea of new fully oil 800-ton destroyers.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The turbine power plant was proposed as more suitable for wartime and the only one capable of providing a speed of 21 knots.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The maximum draft should not exceed 9 meters.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The Supreme Council of the Fleet at meetings on April 3 and 4 came to the following decisions:


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

It is based on the layout of 340-mm guns as on the Brittany, until the design department can issue a workable design of a four-gun turret


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Combined propulsion system is adopted


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The new protection scheme is not accepted.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

A protection scheme is used as on the Brittany with a possible increase in the thickness of the belt and protection of the wheelhouse.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

For auxiliary artillery, instead of the originally considered 22,138.6 mm mounts, two calibers — 18,138.6 mm and 12,100 mm.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The proposal for the use of towers or paired installations of 138.6 mm guns is rejected.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

They did not provide fast and flexible transfer of fire over a wide range of firing angles.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

And, most importantly, they made it difficult to manually load guns, which at that time was considered one of the important requirements [4].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The Technical Council has started working on two projects.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

In the A7 project, the armament consisted of ten 340 mm guns in two-gun turrets.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

In the A7 bis project, it was proposed to place 12 340 mm guns in three four-gun turrets.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

This made it possible to obtain a battleship with 12,340 mm guns and a speed of 21 knots within 25,000 tons of restriction.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Compared to the two- and four-gun turrets option, the weight savings were 240 tons.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The progress of the Saint-Chamond plant in developing the design of four-gun towers allowed the Minister to approve the plant's proposals on April 6 and sign a contract for the development of the units on July 20.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

At the same time, the technical department said that it would not have time to develop and establish the production of 100-mm guns in the allotted time, so by the decision of the Minister on May 23, it was decided to use only guns caliber 138.6 mm.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

On June 26, the projects fell on the table of the Rear Admiral, responsible for naval development.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

On July 5, the projects were submitted to the Supreme Council for consideration.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

With a recommendation to adopt the A7 bis project, as having better weapons and protection.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The same choice was supported by the head of the technical department.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Three days later, at a meeting of the Supreme Council of the Fleet, this recommendation was approved.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The A7 bis project was then presented and approved by the Technical Committee on October 26, 1912.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The greatest criticism was caused by the location of the only mast behind the chimney.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Tests of the Lyon have shown that this location leads to the impossibility of being at command and range finder posts (KDP) due to hot gases.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

This also makes it difficult to recognize flag signals hidden in smoke.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Moving the mast forward of the chimney was difficult due to the fact that radio antennas were then exposed to gases.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Therefore, the committee recommended the placement of two signal masts, which made it possible to move the KDP in front of the nose tube and acceptable placement of radio antennas [4].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Four ships of the 1913 program, the future Normandy type, were to form one division.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

They received a combined power plant [5].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The fifth ship, the Bearn, was supposed to form one division with three ships of the Brittany type.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Therefore, it received a purely turbine unit [5].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Design


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Weight load design items, t [6] Equipped housing6969,61Booking7637,37Body accessories and stationary equipment5213,84Rated load (stocks and mobile equipment) 5222.04Displacement reserve 187,91 Total normal displacement25 230.77


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

housing


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The battleships were supposed to have a length between perpendiculars of 170.6, along the waterline 175, the largest - 176.4 m. The width was supposed to be 27.0 m, the draft was 8.65 m. The displacement at full load was supposed to be 25,230.77 tons. The hull had a straight stem, with smooth rounding in the underwater part.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The decks were flat, without going up to the bow.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The freeboard height at the stem was 6.85 m, on the afterstem - 4.6 m. The sides did not have a blockage inside, and in the bow they had a slight collapse outward.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

At the aft end there were two parallel semi-balance rudders.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The battleships had an extended polubak and a bow superstructure with a lower tier from side to side.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Thanks to this, the bow tower of the main caliber had a high height above the waterline, which was supposed to make it possible to use it in fresh weather.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The ships had two chimneys and a high mainmast.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The total weight of the ship's hull was 6969.61 tons [5].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Compared to the Brittany type, the shape of the stern has been changed in order to install two parallel rudders [4].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Brittany was heavily flooded on the wave.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

Compared to it, the extremities of the Normandy were less loaded, so there should be no problems with seaworthiness.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

It was also possible to improve stability indicators — the estimated metacentric height was supposed to be 1.45 m [6].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The boats included two 10-meter steam boats, three 11-meter motor boats for the admiral and officers, two 13-meter boats, two 11-meter work boats, two 8.5-meter velboats, two 5-meter yala, two 3.5-meter flat-bottomed boats and two 5.6-meter folding canvas boats [5].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

The crew consisted of 41 officers, 124 foremen, 996 sailors, 22 civilian employees and 18 musicians.


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

It was possible to place the admiral with his own headquarters [5].


Question: Why weren't Normandie-class battleships in service?

Normandie-class battleships

reservations