Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

This gratitude is all the more understandable because Sati did not receive exactly any help from those who should help him most of all.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

A week before the performance of the Furniture Music at the Barbazange Gallery, very concerned about the understanding and reception of the general public, Sati writes perhaps the longest text dedicated to his an invention.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

In a letter to Jean Cocteau, he sets out brief theses and asks him to write an introductory article (like a booklet or opera program) for the imminent premiere.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

For Old Jean:


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Furniture Music is deeply industrial.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

There is an unfortunate habit of performing music in circumstances where music has nothing to do.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Then they play Waltzes, Fantasies on opera themes & the like written for other purposes.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

We want to introduce music that is designed to meet the “right” needs.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Art is not part of these needs.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Furniture Music is made from the simple swaying of air; it has no other purpose; it fulfills the same role as light, warmth — & comfort in all its forms.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

... “Furniture Music” favorably replaces Marches, Polka, Tango, Gavota, etc. ... Demand Furniture Music.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

... From now on, there can be no meetings, receptions and meetings without Furniture Music.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

... “Furniture Music” for notaries, banks, shops, etc. ... Furniture Music doesn't have its own name.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

... From now on, there can be no wedding without Furniture Music.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

... Do not cross the threshold of a house that does not use Furniture Music.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

... Those who have not heard Furniture Music do not know happiness.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

... Don't go to bed without listening to even a piece of Furniture Music, or you'll sleep badly.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

I've roughly sketched out a few examples.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

It is up to you to organize them, to dot them, dear Friend.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Write, Dear Jean, ten lines, dry & cold on this plot in the form of a commodity prospectus, right?


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

It's very “strict”.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

I will be happy with your cooperation.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Undoubtedly, including under the influence of Ourik, who called “Furniture Music” an “annoying chimera”, Cocteau this time did not respond to Sati's expectations and did not write a single line.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Both the first and second performances took place with almost complete disparticipation and misunderstanding of Sati's most famous students, followers and friends.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

However, the event took place, organized by Sati and Millau.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

During the intermission of Jacob's play, when the audience, as always, got up and began to walk around the theater, music suddenly began to play.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Moreover, the tools were spread out at different ends of the room to create an extremely unusual effect.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

According to Sati's idea, music should now serve as a sound background for everyday life, acting as a kind of “musical wallpaper” that is designed to decorate shops, galleries and homes, in order to attract any special attention whatsoever.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Three clarinets and a trombone played in the corners”, [14] so you could hardly notice them, the piano was heard from behind the scenes, and Sati and Milhaud walked side by side, “at the disposal of the audience, for receiving any explanations and orders.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

This is what Milhaud himself recalled about the event thirty years later:


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

“In order to create the feeling that the music is heard from all sides, we placed clarinetists in three different corners of the hall, the pianist in the fourth, and the trombonist in the box of the first tier. A special remark in the program warned the audience that no more importance should be attached to musical riturnels that will be performed during intermissions than chandeliers or chairs at the galerka. However, despite our warning, as soon as the music began, the audience rushed back to their seats. In vain, Sati shouted to them: “Talk! Take a walk! Don't listen! “They listened, they kept quiet. It was all messed up! ...” [15]


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Invited not to listen to Furniture Music, but to “walk, talk and drink” during its performance, the audience was probably very surprised to see Eric Satie extremely angry — perhaps he was the first composer in the history of music to experience a fit of anger because his work was listened to... Some judged furniture music as “empty boyhood” others as the “terrible chimera”, Poulenc, Auric, Durey and Tyfer, however, “pretended to be deaf at that time” and did not hear anything.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

After the first performance of Furniture Music, there were very few friendly reviews in the general public, or rather, there were no friendly reviews at all.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Even the head of the Dadaists, artist Francis Picabia, under the influence of Sati's enemies (primarily Andre Breton), made a rather malicious attack in his magazine Dadafone: “Eric Satie is ready to furnish music, to have a table set for him.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Ending: “Impossible music”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

The further existence of Furniture Music was due only to the persistence of Eric Satie himself, who sincerely considered it his wonderful invention, as well as the indulgence of his friends and fans who sometimes let him experiment.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

One of the first performances he staged during the intermission was the premiere of his own Socrates, with the permission of the customer of this work, Princess de Polignac.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

He managed to “insert” several wonderful examples of his new genre into the orders that the Count de Beaumont made him for his divertissements and social receptions.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

The most famous of them is the Iron Reception Mat (April 1924, call. J. Cage, Northwestern University Library, Evantson, Illinois).


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

This piece for chamber orchestra was played in the lobby of the count's mansion for hours, while the social audience slowly gathered for the evening party.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

But more often, Eric Satie's attempts to “punch” furniture music into a concert or performance ended in failure.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

In early 1923, Darius Milhaud brought from his American tour a small order for furniture music from the wife of the director of the Washington Post, Mrs. Eugene Meyer.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Having written a small play (in four bars) for a chamber ensemble, Sati was extremely pleased:


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

“Dear Great Friend. I'm happy like a king: I just graduated the “thing” for the American Lady. Yes. This is from “Furniture Music” (“Wallpaper in the Prefect's Study”). I wrote this sample for orchestra: small flute, clarinet in B, bassoon, horn in F, trumpet in C, drums & quintet. Yes. Here is a decorative & lush painting — “for a long look and consideration”. I'm proud of this. I rewrite the thing clean & send it as soon as possible. Yes. Thank you... If you have a hundred such orders for me, I am all at your disposal.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

By the way, the American “Wallpaper in the Prefect's Office” was published and played only 75 years after the death of Eric Sati (in 1999).


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

[17] But most of Sati's “furniture works” have no evidence at all, were they ever performed or remained lying on the floor in the composer's famous Arkey room, where everyone the entrance was closed.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Among Sati's manuscripts found there in 1925 after his death was “Sound Tile Floor”, composed to be placed under his feet “during lunch or at the conclusion of a marriage contract” and” A curtain without a window” to fill the time “during the long autumn rains”.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Also very funny is the sketch of furniture music based on the motif of the folk song “Another Glass of Wine”, repeated every five seconds — of course indefinitely (“as much as you like”).


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

All these works date back to 1917—1918.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

The famous artist Fernand Leger recalled how Satie, desperate by the public and the general deafness for his invention, tried to convince him of the extreme usefulness and reasonableness of his innovations:


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

“Now we have everything you need to use furniture music everywhere. This is music that, so to speak, is only part of the surrounding noise, all the noise that attracts attention. Its unobtrusive melody softens the noise of knives and forks, but does not suppress it or impose itself. It would furnish the pauses that reign between the eating guests during the silence. It would protect them from current platitudes. At the same time, it would neutralize the noise of the street, which would enter the music without modesty, but also without impudence...” [18]


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Eric Satie was decidedly restless: it did not matter whether he was annoying or delighted.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

It is significant that even far after his 50th birthday, newspapers continued to call him a “young composer”.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

But even those who cursed and did not recognize Furniture Music as art could not help but admit that this was another experiment of a continuous innovator and avant-garde artist.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

“Sati is constantly making his debut.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Each new work becomes an excuse for him to discover new material and to unknown ways of using it.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

In addition, he is able to influence not by the selection of nuances, but with all his heart.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

The music of our young composers is not like his music, but his soul captures them, showing them an incomparable example of freedom and health.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

This spirit of renewal, denial, such luxury leads to the accusation of the artist of being frivolous.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

A serious artist is one who repeats himself.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

By these standards, Sati is not serious.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

His method delays old age.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

He stays young among the young, and their small class adore him more and more every day.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

But perhaps the highest achievement in the field of “Furniture Music” is Sati's last work, which he wrote in November 1924, six months before his death.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

It was a film intermission “Cinema” from his own ballet Relâche (or “The Performance Is Canceled”).


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

A small applied piece for orchestra lasting about 20 minutes was composed specifically to accompany the silent film “Intermission”, shot by aspiring director René Claire for screening in beginning and middle of a ballet performance.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

In fact, the Cinema intermission is not “Furniture Music” in its pure form.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

However, Sati, creating an orchestral work to accompany a silent film (which in itself was a completely avant-garde undertaking), took the main principle of furniture music for its writing — repeatability of individual sound cells and thematic phrases.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

This allowed him to last each musical segment exactly as long as it took to accompany a particular scene or excerpt of a film.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Despite the fact that the Dadaist ballet Relâche almost failed and collected bad press, René Claire's film was a great success, made it a name in the circles of the French avant-garde and entered the golden fund classics of the 20th century.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

In 1967, René Claire decided to return to the old film that made it a big name forty years ago.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

He undertook to reedit the old tape himself and create a sound version of the work, while adding a “prologue” from Relâche to it so that the author's personal image and Eric Satie's music would be linked is now inseparable.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

As the soundtrack for the film, a specially recorded film intermission “Relâche” was performed by an orchestra conducted by Henri Sauguet.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

[20] Already in the last years of his life, as a laurel-crowned master, René Claire claimed that the music “Cinema” composed by Satie in 1924 for his film was “the most cinematic score he had ever held in my hands.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Afterword: “Unexpected Music”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

After Eric Satie's death, Furniture Music was forgotten for a long time.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

In some places it has been preserved in manuscripts or mentioned in memoirs of contemporaries.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

In fact, the exact number and list of works created in this genre are not even known.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

The matter was also complicated by the fact that, in the opinion of an uninitiated person, the sheet with the furniture play did not look like a whole work and resembled either a sketch, a fragment, or something unfinished.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

This is the opinion expressed by Henri Sauguet, the holder of most of Satie's furniture manuscripts.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Ten or twenty years later, even the memories of contemporaries about Furniture Music turned into something completely funny.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Thus, Arthur Honegger, recalling in passing his first encounter with this invention of Sati, simply mourned the belittling of the role of music in modern society:


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

“In 1919, Sati proclaimed the need to have 'environment music' (sic! — this is the name in the Russian translation), which would not sound at all to be listened to, but would serve as something like wallpaper. Today we have managed to reduce to this level our attitude to the Bach h-moll Mass or, for example, to the Beethoven Quartet op.132.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

And the same Georges Auric, trying to explain the origin and meaning of Furniture Music, reduced everything to the simple effect of alcohol.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

According to Ourik, the whole innovation of “furniture music” was that Sati wanted to give the audience complete freedom not to interrupt their favorite pastime and “continue drinking” when listening.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

“If Sati hadn't been drinking,” Auric said today, “he would be a saint.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

However, objecting to him, Jean Cocteau immediately expressed the opinion that “alcohol did not play any role in Sati's work”, [22] (from a letter from Jean Cocteau to Viland Myr, 1929).


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

This continued until the end of the 1950s, until the meeting of composer Henri Sauge and the future minimalist John Cage, described above, took place.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Half a century later, the furniture ideas turned out to be unexpectedly clear, Sati himself acquired the usual look of “The Forerunner”, and “Furniture Music” became his next foresight, as it had happened more than once.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

It is enough just to read one of Cage's excerpts to remember Sati's famous passage about boredom:


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

“In Zen Buddhism, they say that if you are bored with something after two minutes, study four. If the boredom continues, go on eight, sixteen, thirty-two, and so on. In the end, it turns out that it is not boring at all, but lively and interesting.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Thus, the main responsibility of the Cage artist (and Sati) is primarily to transform boredom into an attractive pastime with his work.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

In any case, John Cage was undoubtedly the first to see further than others, opening, in the continuous repeatability of the same musical phrases, the opportunity to give “a special way out of the composer individuality and express in sounds the freedom of their inner essence.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

“It doesn't really matter,” he said, “even if Sati didn't want it consciously. In any case, it is now believed that he opened the road.”


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

This was the road that John Cage later turned into so-called “trance music” (aka “repetitive music” [2] :36), or minimalism.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

[23] Steve Reich, John Adams, Philip Glass, Terry Riley, La Monte Young and many others followed this road a few years later to this day.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

By the way, this latter, that is, La Monte Young, founded his Theater of Eternal Music in 1963, the same year that Cage first fully performed 840 Troubles by Eric Satie.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

[18] And at the beginning of this whole long journey — now after all — was Furniture Music by Eric Satie.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Sources


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Literature


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Erik Satie, “Ecrits”.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

— Paris, Editions Gerard Lebovici, 1990.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Erik Satie, Correspondance presque complete.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

— Paris, Fayard/Imec, 2000.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Milhaud Darius, “Notes sans musique”.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

— Paris, 1949.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Eric Satie, Yuri Hanon “Backdated Memories”.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

— St. Petersburg, Middle Music Center, 2009.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Yuri Khanon “Alphonse who did not exist”.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

— St. Petersburg, Middle Music Center & Faces of Russia, 2013.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Shneerson G. French music of the 20th century.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Moscow, 1964; 2nd ed.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

— 1970;


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Jean Cocteau, Rooster and Harlequin.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

— M., “Prest”, 2000.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Honegger A., “On Musical Art”.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

— Leningrad, “Music”, 1985.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Francis Poulenc “Me and My Friends”.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

— Leningrad: Music (Leningrad Branch), 1977;


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Filenko G. “French Music of the 20th Century” — L.: Music, 1983;


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

CD.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Erik Satie: Vexations, Musique d'ameublement, Cinema.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Paul Hindemith: Konzertstck fr Trautonium und Streicher.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Apex, 2564 60239-2.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Erato Disques, 1980.


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

References


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Alphonse Allais and his


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Category:Music history


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Category:Modernism


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Category:Modernist art


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Category:Art Directions


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Category:Music currents


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Category:Music genres


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Category:Constructivism


Question: Where did the premiere concert performance of Eric Satie's Socrates take place?

Furniture music

Category: Works by Eric Satie


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Countess Darya Fedorovna Fickelmont (French: de Ficquelmont, nee Countess Tiesenhausen, German: Tiesenhausen; [1] 1804, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire — April 10, 1863, Venice [or Vienna], Austrian Empire [2]) — granddaughter of Field Marshal Kutuzov, daughter of E.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

M. Khitrovo, wife of Austrian diplomat and politician K. L. Ficquelmont.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Often referred to as Dolly Fickelmon.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

She is known as the hostess of a St. Petersburg salon and the author of a detailed “secular diary”, in the records of which Pushkinists are particularly interested in fragments related to Pushkin and his wife, and a detailed report about the duel and death of Pushkin.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Since the 1920s, there has been an assumption that Fickelmont had a connection with Pushkin.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

The version has both supporters and opponents.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Biography


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Early years


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Daughter of the adjutant wing of Emperor Alexander I Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen (1782-1805) and Elizaveta Mikhailovna, nee Golenishcheva-Kutuzova (1783—1839).


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

She spent her childhood together with her older sister Ekaterina in Revel with her grandmother E.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

AND. Tiesenhausen.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

In 1811, Elizaveta Mikhailovna married Major General Nikolai Fedorovich Khitrovo.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

In 1815, Khitrovo was appointed Russian Chargé d'Affaires at the Duke of Tuscany and moved to Florence with his family [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Khitrovo was not rich, but in Florence he led his life in a big way.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

According to Nikolai Fedorovich F. G. Golovkin, the Russian attorney was “smart and pleasant to talk to”, twice a week, despite his upset business, he hosted “the whole city”, his evenings always ended with a “ball or a performance” [2 ].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Dolly began to go out at the age of thirteen or fourteen.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

The Khitrovo family was close to the family of Ferdinand III, and Dolly was friends with the future Grand Duchess of Tuscany Anna-Carolina [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

The social circle of the young Countess Tiesenhausen at that time consisted of wealthy travelers from different countries who visited the capital of Tuscany, and representatives of the Russian nobility who lived in Florence, including the family of D. P. Buturlina [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

According to the memoirs of Dmitry Petrovich's son Mikhail: “the young Countesses Ekaterina and Daria (Dolly) Fedorovna Tizenhausen had just begun to go out and were in all the splendor of beauty; but I was especially striking even me, a ten-year-old boy, fifteen-year-old Countess Daria Fedorovna.”


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

At the beginning of 1817, N. F. Khitrovo received his resignation: to reduce the cost of diplomatic mission, his post was liquidated, and the duties of attorney were transferred to the Russian ambassador in Rome.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

According to Golovkin, Khitrovo was provided with a small pension on the condition that he would continue to live in Tuscany.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Khitrovo, who lost hope for material assistance from the emperor, hired a more modest apartment and, selling his property, began to pay off creditors.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

However, his family retained all their social ties.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

On May 19, 1819, N. F. Khitrovo died.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Elizaveta Mikhailovna found herself in a difficult financial situation: she was left with only debts from her husband.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

However, in 1820, she traveled to Naples with Dolly and Catherine, and later traveled to Central Europe.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

The mother hoped to marry her daughters off.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Probably, at this time the statement about E.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

M. Khitrovo D. AND. Dolgorukova: “Ms. Khitrovo looks like a gray <... > huckster who goes to all fairs to sell her goods for a good price, which consists of two lovely daughters” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

N. Raevsky noted Khitrovo's special ability to establish friendly relations with representatives of the “very top of the aristocracy” of Europe.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Among the close acquaintances of Elizaveta Mikhailovna and her daughters are King Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia, the future King of Belgium Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, and representatives of the most noble European families [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Dolly received the nickname “Sibyl of Florentine” from the Austrian Empress for her amazing intuition, which allowed her to “predict the future to some extent” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Marriage


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

In 1820, Dolly was met by Karl Ludwig Fickelmont, the envoy of the Austrian emperor to Florence.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

On January 2, 1821, he proposed to her, as reported in a letter to E.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

AND. Golenishcheva-Kutuzova, Dolly's grandmother.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Elizaveta Mikhailovna, in a letter dated January 10, announced the engagement of her youngest daughter, Emperor Alexander I.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Alexander, who was in Laybach, congratulated Khitrovo and, knowing Fickelmont “from the best side”, expressed the hope that “this marriage will be happy” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Khitrovo and her daughters later attended the congress in Laibach.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Chancellor Metternich reported in a letter to his wife that one of the daughters of Elizaveta Mikhailovna (Catherine) should marry a young diplomat from the Austrian embassy in Rome, the other hand (Dolly) “craves receive our extraordinary envoy in Florence, a very intelligent and worthy person” [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

On June 3, 1821, a wedding took place.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

The age difference between the spouses was 27 years.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

To a greater or lesser extent, Daria Fedorovna's biographers are inclined to believe that “it was a <... > marriage of reason, not love on her part” [4].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Probably, the ruin of the family played an important role [5].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

N. Raevsky believes that Elizaveta Mikhailovna “could not marry her beloved daughter of convenience” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Dolly's diary entries, her many years of correspondence, contain her reviews of her husband, full of love and respect.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

On this basis, Raevsky concludes: “She undoubtedly loved her husband throughout all thirty-six years of married life (1821-1857)” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

However, Raevsky notes that when reading Fickelmont's diary and letters, you get the impression of a “mental crack”, some kind of discontent that gave rise to bouts of sadness.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Biographer Fickelmont, N. Kaukhchishvili, calling this condition “mental dissonance”, explained it by an impending nervous disease [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

At the same time, L. Grossman, followed by some researchers, believe that Dolly was unhappy [2] [6].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Naples


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Dolly spent her first years of marriage in Naples, where Fickelmont from March 1821 [3] was the diplomatic representative of Austria to the court of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Daria Fickelmon

Elizaveta Mikhailovna and Ekaterina moved to Naples together with the Fickelmon.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Despite the complexity of the situation, after the suppression of the Neapolitan Revolution of 1820-1821. (Fickelmont took part in hostilities) relations between Austrians and Italians were strained, Daria Fedorovna and her mother, who at first helped her daughter become the mistress of the secular salon, very soon got used to Neapolitan society.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

However, there is no information about the informal relationship of the family of the Austrian envoy with the Neapolitan court, similar to those that developed between the Khitrovo family and the rulers of Tuscany.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In Naples, Ficquelmont led an active social life, but, according to Raevsky: “It seems that there were no outstanding people among the visitors to her Neapolitan salon <... >” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna read a lot, nothing is known about her literary interests before marriage, but her papers contain a list of books read later and extracts from them.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to Kaukhchishvili, with whom Raevsky agrees, in the first years of marriage, her reading was led by her husband, under whose influence Daria Fedorovna's political and philosophical views began to form .


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Probably, on his advice, she studies ancient classics, modern works on political and historical issues, including works by Thiers and Thierry.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

She read German, English, Italian and mainly French [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In Naples, there was a discord in the Fickelmon family, which almost led them to divorce.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

This is mentioned in one of his letters by N. M. Smirnov, who was working in Italy at that time.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The discord between the spouses is confirmed by Fickelmont's letters to his wife for 1823-1824.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

For example, in one of them, he asks his wife to return from Sorrento so as not to arouse unnecessary sense in society, but immediately adds that he does not believe any rumors.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

It is known that Daria Fedorovna destroyed some of the messages related to this period.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Perhaps only Fickelmont's experience, endurance and wisdom helped the couple avoid a breakup [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Probably, during her stay in Naples, Daria Fedorovna experienced a strong passion.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Here she met Ferdinand Richard Acton (1801—1837), son of John Acton, former Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and favorite of Queen Maria Carolina [5].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Many years later, in the famous diary entry about the duel and death of Pushkin, she will compare the grief of her mother, who lost a friend, and her own — the death of her cousin and close friend Adele Stackelberg and Richard Acton — “a friend, brother of my youth, my happy and beautiful Neapolitan youth” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In her later letters and diary entries, Daria Fedorovna constantly recalls the “beautiful Neapolitan years” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In the first years of marriage, the Fickelmons had no children, and Daria Fedorovna took an Italian girl from a poor family named Magdalene as pupils.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In 1825, Magdalene was “entrusted to the care” of Ficquelmont's sister Marie-Francoise-Carolina.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Later, the pupil of Fickelmonov married a French jeweler.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

At the end of 1825, Daria Fedorovna gave birth to a daughter Elizaveta-Alexandra in Naples [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmont and Alexander I


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In 1823, together with her mother and sister Ekaterina Dolly, she made a trip to St. Petersburg — Elizaveta Mikhailovna intended to obtain a pension.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Back in 1822, Khitrovo and her daughters gathered for a congress in Verona to present them to the emperor.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

However, Catherine's illness disrupted her plans, and Dolly did not want to part with her mother and sister [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In June 1823, Khitrovo and her daughters came to St. Petersburg.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Elizaveta Mikhailovna informed the emperor about this by letter, and he paid her and her daughters an unofficial visit.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

They were very favorably received at the court, and correspondence began between the emperor and the Khitrovo family.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to Raevsky, a private visit to Khitrovo “from the point of view of court etiquette” was an extraordinary act on the part of Alexander [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Dolly, in his letter to her husband, enthusiastically talks about the first meeting with the emperor, he stayed with Khitrovo for two hours, the sisters asked to be allowed to communicate with him as a private person, and this “led him to admiration”: “He repeated to us at least twenty times so that we would not learn the local [St. Petersburg] habits and remain as they are — without any artificiality” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Dolly, accustomed to communicating with the “powerful of this world” from early youth easily, committed a rash act: she went (probably alone) to Tsarskoye Selo at the wrong time for visits — the emperor was on manoeuvres.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In several letters addressed to her, Alexander apologizes for not being able to accept her and advises to be careful not to arouse gossip [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to Raevsky, at that time Alexander I was fascinated by Darya Fedorovna, his letters are not messages from a “lover, but <... > a person in love with her” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

She herself maintained an enthusiastic attitude towards the emperor for life.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Khitrovo's troubles about retirement were crowned with success.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to French general and diplomat Charles de Flao, who missed her in St. Petersburg only for a few days, Elizaveta Mikhailovna received a pension from the emperor (7,000 rubles), compensation for past years and land in Bessarabia, “which it will be able to sell profitably”.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Raevsky emphasizes that Khitrovo received such a gift from Emperor not for the merits of her father (whom Alexander did not love), but “for Dolly's sake” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Petersburg


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to some reports, already in 1823, Fickelmont was thinking about getting an appointment as ambassador to St. Petersburg (he asked Ludwig Lebzeltern, who was then Austrian envoy to Russia, if he was going to he leave his post).


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

At the end of 1828, Metternich sent Fickelmont on a diplomatic assignment to St. Petersburg to find out the possibility of rapprochement between Russia and Austria.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Perhaps the fact that Fickelmont's wife was once favorably received at the St. Petersburg court also played a role here [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to N. Kaukhchishvili, Fickelmon coped with his mission, and the “ground for a possible rapprochement” of the two empires was prepared.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In the spring of 1830, it became known in Vienna that the Russian emperor wanted to see Count Fickelmont as ambassador to St. Petersburg [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna and her husband came to St. Petersburg at the end of June 1829 [1].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmons lived in Prince Saltykov's mansion rented by the embassy (Palace Embankment, 4).


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Since the spring of 1833, Elizaveta Mikhailovna occupied a separate apartment in the same house, and daughter Ekaterina lived with her, before her production as a maid of honor [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna was keenly interested in literature and music, religious and philosophical issues and politics.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Her close friends were P. Vyazemsky, A. Turgenev and I. Kozlov said.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Countess Ficquelmont's salon was often visited by Pushkin.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to P. A. Vyazemsky:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The whole burning life of European and Russian, political, literary and public, had correct echoes in these two related [Khitrovo — Fickelmon] salons.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

It was not necessary to read newspapers like the Athenians, who also did not need newspapers, but lived, studied, wise and mentally enjoyed in the porticos and in the square.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

So in these two salons, you could stock up on all the issues of the day, from a political brochure and parliamentary speech by a French or English speaker to a novel or a dramatic the creation of one of the favorites of that literary era.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

There was also a review of current events; there was also an editorial with his judgments and sometimes condemnations, and there was a light feuilleton, morally descriptive and picturesque.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Best of all, this world-wide oral conversational newspaper was published in the direction and edited by two kind and sweet women [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Through the ambassador's family, Russian friends received books prohibited for import into Russia, and some letters from abroad from friends of Fickelmon (for example, A. Turgenev Vyazemsky) were sent with Austrian diplomatic mail to avoid perlustration [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna, who is much better acquainted with world literature than most of her peers, apparently did not know Russian literature at all.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

During her years abroad, she completely forgot the Russian language (it is possible that she did not know it well as a child).


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In 1830, the Fickelmont couple gave Russian language lessons to O. Somov said.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

It is known, however, that her salon hosted evenings dedicated to the literary life of Russia.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmont writes about one of these meetings with S. A. Bobrinskaya to her husband: “I told you that Madame Khitrovo and her daughter Dolly honored me by inviting me to a literary evening. We talked only about Pushkin, literature and new works.”


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The Fickelmont couple spent the summer and autumn of 1835 in Austria.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

They also took part in the celebration of the anniversary of the Battle of Kulm.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The rulers of Austria, Russia and Prussia arrived at the celebrations, which lasted about a month.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Parting with Daria Fedorovna on October 8, Empress Alexandra Fedorovna presented her with a cockade of the Order of St. Catherine and a diamond bracelet with her portrait.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Thus, the wife of the Austrian envoy became a court lady of the Russian imperial court [7].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Published in 1863, Ammosov's work on Pushkin's duel contains the memoirs of Danzas, his second, who claimed that Dantes owed the beginning of his success in Russia to the Countess Ficquelmont.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to Danzas, Fickelmont presented it to Empress Alexandra Fedorovna at one of her evenings [8].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

There are inaccuracies in Ammosov's book, but in 1863, Sister Fickelmont Catherine was alive, who probably read it.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

If the story about Darya Fedorovna's patronage were unreliable, Ekaterina Tizenhausen could refute it, but did not do so [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

At the same time, the publisher of the St. Petersburg part (1829—1837) of the diary Fickelmont S. Mrochkovskaya-Balashova notes that the name of Heckern appears in the Countess's records more than once.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

At the beginning of their acquaintance, Fickelmont spoke quite sharply about Heckern: “Here he is considered a spy of Mr. Nesselrod, an assumption that best defines this person and her character.”


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

But soon he became a regular visitor to Daria Fedorovna's salon, and she admitted that the Dutch envoy was “witty and amusing”, albeit “angry, at least in his speeches” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

However, Heckern's “adopted son”, Dantes, is mentioned only in connection with Pushkin's duel [7], while Fickelmont, unlike many representatives of secular St. Petersburg society, condemns his behavior [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Wien


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In May 1838, Daria Fedorovna, together with her husband, who took leave due to her illness, mother and daughter, went abroad, hoping that climate change and treatment would help her.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Elizaveta Mikhailovna said goodbye to her daughter and granddaughter in Genoa and returned to Russia.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna did not come to Russia again, although in the spring of 1839 she wrote to her husband, who worked in St. Petersburg, that she hoped to return there.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

On May 3, 1839, her mother suddenly died in St. Petersburg, Ficquelmont buried his mother-in-law and, taking family leave again, went to live with his wife, who was being treated at that time in Aix-les-Bains [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In 1839, Fickelmont was summoned to Vienna to temporarily serve as chancellor, after which he returned to Russia and was finally recalled in July 1840.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

He received an honorary post (German: Staats und Konferenzminister), but judging by the correspondence of the couple, it was actually a disgrace.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The reasons why Fickelmont was “kept away from all cases” are unknown [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In 1842, Louis Heckern received accreditation at the Viennese court, after a five-year break in his career.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

It was received coldly in Viennese society.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Nevertheless, Heckern invited the Dantes couple for the winter season of 1842—43 [9].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmont wrote in her diary about this:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

We will not see Mrs. Dantes, she will not be in the light, and especially me, because she knows that I would look at her husband with disgust [9].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Only once does Fickelmont mention the name of Pushkin's widow in letters to her sister: on January 17, 1843, Daria Fedorovna wrote with disapproval that Natalia Nikolaevna began to visit the St. Petersburg court again: “... she could refrain from doing so; she became a widow as a result of such a terrible tragedy, which, although innocent, was caused by her” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The last time the name of Heckern (Louis) appears in a letter to Fickelmont in 1850: he paid the Countess a visit to Vienna.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna “was excited to see this person again”, which “reminded her so much” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Revolution


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmont experienced the last rise of his career during the revolution of 1848.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Back in 1847, Karl Ludwig was summoned to Vienna from Venice, where the Fickelmons were at that time, where he received an important appointment for the first time in many years.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

He was sent to Milan, where revolutionary protests began.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In October 1847, the Fickelmons moved to Milan, where, as Daria Fedorovna noted, they fully felt the tense relations between the Austrians and the local aristocracy [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Staying in Milan soon became dangerous — in the winter of 1848, armed clashes between the population and Austrian soldiers began.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In one of the skirmishes, the cook Fickelmon was fatally wounded.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna describes tragic events to her sister [3]:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

... I feel like I'm in a besieged fortress.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

I don't know how much longer Fickelmont should stay here, but I'll be overjoyed when we can leave this city.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmont holds on, but mentally he is also very tired.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

It's impossible to talk about it in detail.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

His position is such that anyone else in his place would be broken.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In early March 1848, Fickelmont was appointed chairman of the Austrian Military Council.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The couple went to Venice, from there Fickelmont went to Vienna, and Daria Fedorovna was delayed.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In Venice, she learned about the revolution in Austria and the fall of Metternich.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

On March 18, Fickelmont became Minister of the Court and Foreign Affairs in the first constitutional cabinet [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In March, a republic was proclaimed in Venice.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The Austrians were also defeated in Lombardy [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna was arrested twice in Venice, and the revolutionary government of the city was not unanimous on the issue of granting freedom of movement to the family of the Austrian minister.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

At first, the head of the republic Daniele Manin allowed her to leave the city, but later Ficquelmont was forbidden to leave.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Through the British Consul, Daria Fedorovna handed Manin a letter in which she quoted his own proclamation guaranteeing immunity to all foreigners [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

She managed to get out of Venice on an English warship summoned from Trieste.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna, her daughter and son-in-law met in Vienna only a month later with Fickelmont, who, after the resignation of Count Kolovrat, became Chairman of the Council of Ministers [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna arrived in Vienna in April 1848, about which she wrote to her sister:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

We arrived here the day before yesterday and are very happy to be connected to Fickelmon.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

I have the feeling that I have gone through a whole battle, but only to enter a new one, from which I am likely to come out with even more severe wounds [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The situation became more and more complicated.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmont, a moderate politician who in fact differed from Metternich in his views, could not be popular.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The reason for the attacks on Fickelmont was his consistent Russophilism, and the origin of his wife played an important role.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna wrote to her sister that she was afraid to even see the Russians so as not to harm her husband [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

He was soon accused of taking a bribe from the Russian government:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

I'm sending you a leaflet where you can see how I'm being persecuted here.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

People are not afraid to insult Fickelmont's noble character and assume that we both sold ourselves to Russia.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

This stupid story of twelve million was revealed here by the talker Obolensky, and the benevolent audience, who constantly accuse Fickelmont of being a friend of the Russians, picked up this chatter.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Letter from D. F. Fickelmon E.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

F. Tiesenhausen.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

April 22, 1848 [2]


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

On May 2, 1848, a student delegation came to Fickelmont demanding his resignation, and his house was surrounded by a crowd of people from 9 pm to 2 am.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The next day, Fickelmont, according to his wife, outraged by the inaction of the authorities, resigned [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmons, together with their daughter and son-in-law, left for Teplice, where they lived without leaving.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

But even when they left Vienna, they did not feel safe.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In letters to her sister, Daria Fedorovna reports on the shock caused by the news of the death at the hands of the rebels Commissioner Lamberg and Minister of War Latour (cousin of Fickelmont).


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

She asks her sister to write not directly, but through Berlin, because the situation in which Fickelmont finds himself, the charges against him, “currently put a barrier between me and you” [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Recent years


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Darya Fedorovna's life in her declining years was calm.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

She was pleased with the happy marriage of her daughter, who married one of the richest and most noble Bohemian aristocrats, Prince Klary y Aldringen, as well as Elizabeth's success at court.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

At the age of forty-seven, Darya Fedorovna already had four grandchildren.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Her experience in 1848-1849 made Fickelmont even more conservative, and her later letters are full of fears of new revolutionary upheavals in the future [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Raevsky noted in Fickelmont “a highly developed consciousness of the irreversibility of historical processes”, the understanding that one person can do nothing against the “spirit of his time” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

A broad outlook, combined with intuition and the ability to think logically, allowed Darya Fedorovna, combining knowledge about the past and observations of the present, to foresee the further development of events [10].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Thus, she predicted the possibility of two wars that broke out after her death — Austro-Prussian (1866) and Franco-Prussian (1870) [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In recent years, the Fickelmons lived either in Vienna or in Teplice Castle with their daughter and son-in-law.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Later, they spent a lot of time in Venice, where in early 1855, together with their son-in-law, they bought the house — the current one.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

After his resignation, Count Ficquelmont devoted himself entirely to literary work and was successful in it.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

He died as an eighty-year-old man in Venice on April 6, 1857.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to P. Barant, who edited the posthumous edition of Ficquelmont's works (Pensées et réflexions morales et politiques du comte de Ficquelmont ministre d'Etat en Autriche. Paris, 1859), after the death of her husband, Daria Fedorovna “rewrote and collected” for publication as a separate book his notes on various issues of philosophy and politics, which often represented pencil sketches illegible handwriting [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daria Fedorovna outlived her husband for only six years: she died on April 10, 1863 and was buried in the family crypt of Princes Klary i Aldringen in the village of Dubi near Teplice [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Letters from Count and Countess Fickelmont addressed to E.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Tiesenhausen, were published in 1911 in Paris by Count F. de Sony.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmont and Pushkin


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Fickelmont and Pushkin met in the fall of 1829 [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

He became a frequent guest at the house of the Austrian envoy, and the poet had friendly relations with Daria Fedorovna.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In this regard, the statement of Pushkin's nephew Lev Pavlishchev that the poet and Daria Fedorovna were at odds looked quite unexpected [11].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

However, after Pavlishchev's death, it turned out that all quotes from the letters of relatives, which he cited as proof of the hostility that allegedly existed between Fickelmont and Pushkin, were composed by him.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The purpose of Pavlishchev's forgery remained unknown [2]; in general, his memoirs, as generally recognized, cannot be considered a reliable source and contain other falsifications.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

There is a version disputed by most researchers that Daria Fedorovna had an affair with Pushkin.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The assumption arose after the publication in 1922 by M. Tsyavlovsky [12] of the story of the poet's friend Nashchokin in Bartenev's recording.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Pushkin, in support of his words that “if necessary, you can refrain from fainting and exhaustion, postpone them until another time”, told him about his romantic date, appointed by one a brilliant socialite in her St. Petersburg home.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In the morning, the hostess tried to take Pushkin out of the house, but met a butler at the exit.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to Nashchokin, “Pushkin squeezed her hand tightly, begging her to postpone fainting until another time, and now release it both for him and for herself. The woman overcame herself.”


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The lady's name was not mentioned in Nashchokin's story, but she was identified with Darya Fedorovna — a note was made on the margins of the notebook with a hand that did not belong to Bartenev, where the name Fickelmont is named [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

There is an opinion (going back to the first publisher of Nashchokin's story — M. A. Tsyavlovsky [13]) that this adventure was reflected in The Queen of Spades: the description of Hermann's expectation, who secretly penetrated into the palace of the old Countess, in Nashchokin's program coincides with the description of Pushkin's expectation.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

And Pushkin player N. Lerner noticed that Hermann, leaving the Countess's house, was not thinking about the collapse of his hopes, but of her lover who visited her bedroom sixty years ago: “The author, not Hermann, could think <... > in this case, shocked by the “irretrievable loss of the secret from which I expected to be enriched.” These thoughts, full of calm sadness, do not fit into this mood” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

N. A. Raevsky found that the Queen of Spades depicted the house of an Austrian envoy under the guise of the palace of the old Countess.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

He visited the mansion for the first time in 1965 and tried to restore the former purpose of the rooms in it:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In my opinion, the bedroom of D. F. Fickelmont, now a literature cabinet <... >, is much more consistent with both the text of The Queen of Spades and Nashchokin's story recorded by Bartenev.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

N. Rayevsky [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Proof of the veracity of Nashchokin's story is the fact that Pushkin's friend Sobolevsky, who read Bartenev's records, did not make any comments about the story of the date [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

There is also a record of Annenkov, made by him at a time when he was collecting materials for Pushkin's biography, according to an unknown person (by that time Nashchokin was dead): “a hot story with his wife Austrian envoy”, therefore, this case was known to someone else.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to Florovsky, Annenkov's source is still the same Nashchokin, who previously told this story to the future biographer of the poet.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Supporters of the version of the novel Fickelmont and Pushkin believe that Daria Fedorovna was unhappy in marriage.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

However, this remains only an assumption: everything that is known about the Fickelmont spouses testifies to complete agreement between them [2] [3] [10].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Poet and Pushkinist V. F. Khodasevich [14] believed that Nashchokin's story was fully credible, although it was presented “unusually tasteless”; if Pushkin and/or Nashchokin invented this story as a “novel”, they would hardly call the name Fickelmont or anyone else would be slander of a woman and “outright meanness”, unthinkable for Pushkin or his friend.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Some researchers from among those who believed that this meeting really took place, after the publication of Tsyavlovsky's publication attributed him to the first period of acquaintance between Pushkin and Fickelmont.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

However, after the poet's letter to Darya Fedorovna dated April 25, 1830 was discovered and published, this version is considered unlikely: “For exquisitely amiable, perfectly polished phrases the poet does not feel the intimacy with the addressee at all, as if it took place just a few months earlier” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Raevsky, considering it absolutely incredible that Pushkin slandered Fickelmont, and the date was in fact, refers him to the fall of 1832.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

After the entry of November 22 this year, Pushkin's name does not appear on the pages of Fickelmont's diary, despite the fact that he continued to visit the house of the Austrian envoy:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Thus, there was no quarrel, but for some reason the Countess's pen stopped writing the poet's name...


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

I think it is likely that November 22, 1832 can be considered the date after which Dolly Fickelmont's unforgettable event took place [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Khodasevich also believed that the novel dated back to 1831 or 1832, and thus Pushkin cheated on his wife with Fickelmont (but no later than 1833, when the episode was reflected in The Queen of Spades).


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The researcher also considered “psychologically curious” the references to Fickelmont in Pushkin's letters to Natalia Nikolaevna and saw in them a reflection of the jealousy of Pushkin's wife [14].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

There is little evidence of contemporaries about the relationship between Pushkin and Fickelmont.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

On April 26, 1830, Vyazemsky wrote to his wife, referring to Darya Fedorovna: “How was Pushkin not in love with her, is he, who is such an aristocrat in love?” And on July 25, 1833, the same Vyazemsky, describing the evening with the wife of the Austrian ambassador, reports that Pushkin took care of the Krudner.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In connection with this message, Raevsky notes that if Pushkin and Fickelmont “at that moment” had a relationship “beyond friendship”, he would have behaved “more restrained” when visiting her [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to L. Grossman, Pushkin played a prank on his friend, composing, as it happened, a novel in the spirit of Boccaccio and passing it off as a real event [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In the comments to chapter five of Eugene Onegin (Tatiana is close to fainting when she sees Onegin, but refrains from him) Yu.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

M. Lotman, noting that the episode in the poem coincides with Pushkin's story to Nashchokin, expresses the opinion that if the “hot story” has a real basis, it occurred in 1825 [15], that is, much earlier dating Pushkin with Ficquelmont.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Lotman explains the coincidence of the location of the rooms of the house of the Countess from the Queen of Spades and the mansion of the Austrian embassy by the fact that Pushkin described a typical manor house of the XVIII century or what happened here combining “events and spaces that are not connected in real life” [15].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The commentator of the St. Petersburg part of the diary Fickelmon S. Mrochkovskaya-Balashova notes that with the friendship that existed between her daughter and mother, who was hopelessly in love with Pushkin, it is absolutely impossible for Daria Fedorovna to come into contact with him [7].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to researchers (Raevsky, Kaukhchishvili), Pushkin depicted Countess Fickelmont in Egyptian Nights:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

... he [the improviser] turned around with liveliness and approached the young majestic beauty sitting on the edge of the second row.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

She stood up without any embarrassment and, with all kinds of simplicity, lowered the aristocratic pen into the urn and took out the package.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

“If you please unfold it and read it,” the improviser said to her.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The beauty unfolded the piece of paper and read aloud:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

— Cleopatra e i suoi amanti.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Raevsky, noting that the “majestic beauty” “apparently reads Italian confidently”, believed that “Pushkin brought Countess Fickelmont, who loved Italy so much, to the evening of the Italian improviser...” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Agreeing with Raevsky's assumption, Kaukhchishvili drew attention to the fact that Fickelmont in St. Petersburg patronized one improviser.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Pushkin could attend his performance in the Countess's salon [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to Gillelson, Fickelmont appears again in Pushkin's sketch “We Spent the Evening at the Dacha” (Princess D.), and her diary entries help establish prototypes of other characters in this passage [ 10].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

A diary.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Publication history


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

From 1829 to 1862, Daria Fedorovna kept a diary in French.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Until the end of World War II, it, along with other Fickelmon papers, was kept by their descendant Prince Alphonse Klary y Aldringen in the Teplice Palace.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In 1942, Raevsky, in search of papers related to Pushkin, sent a letter to the prince and learned from him about Darya Fedorovna's diary.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

After the war, Raevsky was arrested by the Soviet authorities and convicted “for communication with the world bourgeoisie” [7], and the announcement of the discovery was postponed for a long time.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

After the war, the original diary (ten notebooks) was received by the branch of the State Archives in Decin.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Two notebooks of Darya Fedorovna's diary, reflecting the events of her St. Petersburg period of her life, were studied and described by A. IN. Florovsky.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

He also published a general review with extracts from the Countess's diary, which characterized the interests and views of Fickelmont, a woman educated, cultured and free in her judgments, and the environment in with which it rotated — this St. Petersburg society was also Pushkin's society [10] [16].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The researchers primarily focused on Fickelmont's records regarding Pushkin and his wife [7], and it is noted that Darya Fedorovna's observations regarding the poet “are remarkable for depth and subtlety” [17].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

And Raevsky considered the description of Natalia Nikolaevna's appearance, made by Fickelmont, perhaps, “the best literary portrait” of Pushkin's wife [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The full text of the diary for 1829—1831 was published by the Italian researcher N. Kaukhchishvili together with a biographical essay about Fickelmont [10].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Kaukhchishvili turned to the study on the basis of diary entries of Daria Fedorovna's socio-political views and her probable involvement in the creation of some Pushkin's works and the disclosure character prototypes [10].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In 2009, a translation into Russian of the diary for 1829—1837 was published (for the first time, St. Petersburg notebooks in full; notes made in 1829 in Vienna, before leaving for St. Petersburg, are presented in excerpts) [1].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Portraits by D. F. Ficquelmont


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Everyone who knew Ficquelmont admired her appearance in her youth, but Raevsky in his essay “Fickelmons” noted that despite the abundance of evidence, no one described her in detail, and her iconography is very poor: “we do not yet know a single portrait of her by a first-class artist” [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to Raevsky, both Pushkin's acutely characteristic drawing on the margins of the draft The Bronze Horseman and Wins's watercolor, made in Naples in 1826, “only partially” convey the appearance of a young woman [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In the late 1930s, in Prague, in a private collection, Raevsky saw a lithograph from a portrait of Darya Fedorovna, made at a time when she was about forty-five years old:


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In general, she looks like her mother, who was not at all beautiful, but all the features of Elizaveta Mikhailovna seem to be corrected and ennobled by the artist nature.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Dolly Fickelmont is a brunette with extraordinarily beautiful velvety eyes.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

<... > Looking at this lithograph, you understand why twenty years earlier Daria Fedorovna was considered one of the most beautiful women in Nikolaev St. Petersburg [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In the late 1970s, the authors of the book “Italian Pushkiniana” discovered in Venice from Countess San Marzano signed by A. Bryullov is a double watercolor portrait of Dolly Fickelmont and her sister Catherine posing against the background of the Gulf of Naples.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Later, this group portrait was transferred to the State Museum of A. S. Pushkin [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In 1979, art critic I. Chizhova determined that P. Sokolova (1837), who depicted a lady in a yellow dress with a letter in her hands, was served by Daria Fedorovna.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

For attribution, she used well-known portraits of the Countess of Artists and Krihuber [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Searching for paintings from Teplice after the essay by I. Bocharova and Yu.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Glushakova, who visited the descendants of the Fickelmon in Italy [18], were taken up by S. Ostrovskaya and K. Krizhova.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Studying the documents of the archive of the State Institute for the Protection of Monuments and Nature Protection in Prague, they determined that after the Second World War, as a result of the nationalization of Teplice Castle, its collection works of art were scattered in different castles of the country.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

A significant part went to Veltruses, where, among other things, portraits of the count and countess, their acquaintances and friends, as well as old photographs were found.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Veltruses kept a large portrait of Daria Fedorovna in an antique dress against the background of a fantasy landscape with the Roman Forum and Trajan's column, made in oil on wood by Nazarene F. Agricola [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Presumably, the Countess posed during the visit of the Ficquelmont couple to Rome in 1824, and, therefore, this is the earliest depiction of Daria Fedorovna.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Two pictorial versions of the portrait, known from lithography (1840s), attributed to the Viennese artist J.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Krihuberu [19].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The album, owned by Elizalex and Edmund Clari, contained another portrait of Daria Fedorovna.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

The drawing by the artist Ender, tinted in watercolor, was probably made in Vienna in 1828-1829.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

According to the authors of “Italian Pushkiniana”, it is not a very successful sketch.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

However, this drawing helped a researcher at the Tretyakov Gallery L. Pevzner attribute a female profile portrait in Pushkin's working “Arzrum” notebook as an image of Fickelmon [3].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Descendants


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Daughter Elizaveta-Alexandra-Maria-Teresa (November 10 [5] or December 12, 1825, Naples — February 14, 1878, Venice) was the goddaughter of Empress Elizabeth Alekseevna and Emperor Alexander I.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

In honor of the imperial couple, she received the first two names.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

She was named Maria Theresa in honor of the Austrian Empress.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Her home name is Elizalex [2].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

On December 15, 1841, she married Prince Edmund Klary y Aldringen (1813—1894) in Vienna.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

She was married to him with three sons and one daughter.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

His son, Manfred, is a prominent political figure in Austria-Hungary.


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Direct descendants lived in Frankfurt, Hanover and Salzburg [20].


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Addresses in Saint Petersburg


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Saltykov House, Palace Embankment, 4 (1829—1838)


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

comments


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Notes


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

Literature


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

O D. F. Ficquelmont


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

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Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

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Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

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Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

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Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon


Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

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Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

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Question: In which city did Countess Darya Fickelmon die?

Darya Fickelmon

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Darya Fickelmon

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Darya Fickelmon

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Darya Fickelmon

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Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

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Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

The Woodstock Music & Art Fair (colloquially Woodstock) was one of the most famous rock festivals that took place from August 15 to August 18, 1969 on one of the farms a rural town in New York, USA.


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

The event was attended by about 500 thousand people, and speakers included artists such as The Who, Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Joan Baez, Joe Cocker, Jimi Hendrix, Grateful Dead, Ravi Shankar, Carlos Santana and many others [1] [2].


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

During the festival, three people died: one from a heroin overdose, the other was hit by a tractor, and the third fell from tall structures [2]; there were two unconfirmed births of a child.


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

In 1970, the documentary Woodstock. Three Days of Peace and Music”, which won the Oscar in 1971.


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

Woodstock became a symbol of the end of the “hippie era” and the beginning of the sexual revolution.


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

Layout and preparation


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

Woodstock was initiated through the efforts of, and.


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

Roberts and Rosenman funded the project, and Lang already had experience as a promoter: in May 1968, he organized the Miami Pop Festival, which at the time was the largest festival on The East Coast of the United States was visited by about 40,000 people [3].


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

Roberts and Rosenman, under the name “Challenge International, Ltd.”, posted an ad in The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal: “Young people with unlimited capital are looking for interesting, legitimate investment opportunities and business proposals” [4].


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

Lang and Kornfeld noticed the announcement, and the four soon met to discuss the idea of creating a recording studio in Woodstock, New York, which had grown into an open music and art festival [3].


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

However, all four had differences in approach: Roberts was disciplined and knew what was necessary for the success of the event, while detached Lang saw Woodstock as a new, relaxing way to entrepreneurial meetings [4].


Question: How many people attended the first Rock-Line festival?

Woodstock festival

For some time, Roberts hesitated between leaving the game or continuing to finance the project, eventually choosing the latter.