Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

He is immediately followed inside the edicule by an Armenian bishop, dressed in sacred clothes and also holding bunches of candles in his hands for the speedy transfer of the holy fire to the people through the southern opening of the edicule in the side chapel Angela [24].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Patriarch's Prayer


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Greek Patriarch prays at the Holy Sepulcher [25]:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

When they enter the holy tomb, its doors are immediately closed.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Armenian bishop remains in the Angel's side-chapel near the aforementioned southern opening, while the patriarch goes further to the Savior's bed and, kneeling down, prays to the Lord with tears that He will renew With His ineffable grace and the light of His knowledge, he enlightened the Gentiles who are in darkness, and through His descent into hell, heavenly, earthly and hell would fill the lights; so that this light being distributed from His luminous tomb, the faithful served as a gift of sanctification, a healing from diseases, demons as horror, and for the Savior to bless and sanctify those who piously touch him and allow them to walk in the light of his commandments, as sons of light [24].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Waiting for the Fire to Come


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Everything calms down, people pray, awaiting the Fire to come down.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The authors of historical evidence describe the feeling of repentance that arises in the souls of those present:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Hegumen Daniil:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And those people all inside and outside the church don't say anything else, just, “Lord, have mercy!” they cry out relentlessly and scream loudly, so that the whole place is buzzing and rattling at the scream of those people.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And here faithful people shed tears in streams.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Even with a heart of stone, a person can then shed tears.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

For everyone then looks into himself, and remembers his sins, and everyone in himself says, “Will the Holy Light not come down because of my sins?” And this is how all faithful people stand in tears with a broken heart.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Monk Parthenius:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Arabs have stopped running, but they stand with their hands raised to heaven and emit affectionate voices; Christians all cry, or sigh incessantly.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And who could then resist crying, seeing so many people from all over the universe crying and crying, and asking for mercy from the Lord God?


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

A. A. Dmitrievsky:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

With trembling and sinking hearts, everyone in the temple awaits the coveted moment of the first appearance of the Holy Fire from the Holy Sepulcher [24].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At this time, according to some pilgrims, unusual phenomena are observed in the temple — a pillar of light emerging from the dome of the temple, lightning, flashes of light.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Flashes of Light First Vice President of the Andrey Pervozvanny Foundation M.I.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Yakushev describes it as follows: “It's as if the sea reflects the sun's rays — and this is very similar to these reflections. At first I thought that these were flashes/cameras/, but, of course, flashes/cameras/ — they are very bright, and here is light of an incomprehensible nature. And these bright flashes resembled the reflection of the sun from the sea water. But recently, in recent years, members of our delegation have filmed a beam that goes exactly through an open point (where it is now covered with glass) from the sky and goes directly to the Edicule, to the open part... Our friend , he is now the ambassador to Italy, he was standing in the catholicon then, we were standing elsewhere and thought that the fire came only from the Edicule, and he says, no, the fire came simultaneously from the altar part of the catholicon and from the Edicule, and it turns out that he came together in the place where Christ the Savior, the Almighty, Pantocrator is exactly where the navel of the earth is marked. And that's where these lights came together” [26].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Fire is received


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

After a while, spent in intense anticipation and prayer, a light appears inside the Edicule, and the bell ringing in the temple.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Burning bunches of candles, served by the Greek Patriarch and the Armenian archimandrite, appear from the windows of the Edicule.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

From their candles, the Fire is lit by speeders, after which the Fire quickly spreads through the temple.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Each of the pilgrims, holding a bunch of 33 candles in his hand, according to the number of years of our Savior's life... hurries in spiritual joy to ignite them from the primordial light, through deliberately appointed for this purpose clerics from the Orthodox and Armenian clergy who stand near the northern and southern holes of the Edicule and were the first to receive the holy fire from the holy tomb.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

From the numerous lodges, windows and cornices of the walls, similar bundles of wax candles descend on ropes, as spectators occupying seats at the top of the temple strive to immediately join the same grace.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Founder of the St. Basil the Great K. IN. Malofeev: “The picture with Arabs looks even more interesting live. As a matter of fact, in the same crowd in the temple, the moment you get the fire, it turns out like this: the Patriarch from the Edicule is picked up by hefty Christian Arabs, and they are practically on his shoulders running quickly carry through the build/assembled /. And at this moment, those who are close, they light their candles right from the Patriarch and give them to those who are standing behind. At this moment you light your fire, you are standing in childhood delight, trying to wash yourself with fire/... And at the same time, the next picture after the Patriarch that you look up to is Arabs who shouting loudly, let's call it kontakas and troparians, but I think it's more like football chants. Moreover, when people who know Arabic translated to me, it was something like, “Christ is ours! He was born in our village! “[27]. And at this point, they have puppy delight: they jump, stomp loudly, scream loudly, and you involuntarily join it. In our Russian sedate, harsh, skin-free standing, suddenly you begin to join this boyish joy that, yes, Christ is ours, and He was born in our village too. And so we're all starting to shout it together. Fun, joy, everyone kisses each other, smiles... And so slowly it all becomes such a universal glee” [28].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Patriarch's Exit


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

When the first minutes of popular delight pass and weaken, a tired and pale patriarch appears from the edicule, holding a bunch of burning candles lit in the holy tomb [24].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The clergy standing at the entrance to the Edicule and ordinary pilgrims standing along the path along which the Patriarch will move do not light their candles until the time he leaves.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

After the Patriarch appears and blesses everyone with the light from his candles, Greek clergymen light their candles from them.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Then the Patriarch begins to move forward quickly, as people rush to him from all sides who want to receive the Fire from his candles.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The guards are trying to contain the pressure [29] [30].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Description of the Holy Fire ceremony: Armenian Apostolic Church


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Great Saturday service according to the Status Quo and Ceremony Rules


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Holy Saturday services begin with a procession of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, which at 8:15am solemnly opens the doors of the Church of the Resurrection.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At 10:15am temple time, the procession of the Armenian Patriarchate begins, which, led by the Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem, after passing around the Edicule once, passes to the Armenian Side Chapel of the Church Resurrection.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At 11:00, a joint sealing ceremony of the Coffin takes place.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At 11:30am, the chanting youth of the Greek Patriarchate enter the temple, and at 12:00, the Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem arrives at the temple.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At 12:10pm, the Armenian clergy, together with representatives of the Coptic and Syrian Orthodox Churches, move from the Armenian Sacristy to the Altar of the Katholikon, where they make their traditional appeal to the Greek patriarch.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At 12:20pm, a minister of the Greek Patriarchate brings a closed lamp to the Holy Sepulcher, and at 12:30pm, the procession of the Greek Orthodox clergy begins.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The procession takes place three times around the Edicule.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Standing in front of the Edicule, the Greek Patriarch exposes his colleagues, and at 12:55pm, together with the Armenian archimandrite, enters the Edicule.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

According to the status quo in the Holy Places, the Greek Patriarch, accompanied by an Armenian bishop, who is usually replaced by an archimandrite by the Armenian Patriarchate, go to the Holy Sepulcher, where they stand on their knees before the three-day Lodge of the Savior, reading prayers, each according to his own prayer book.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

After that, they light their bundles of candles from the lamps burning on the Coffin [31], and take it out to the waiting people.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The patriarch passes fire to the Greeks through the northern window, and the archimandrite passes fire to the Armenians through the southern window in the wall of the Edicule.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At this time, one minister from the Coptic and Syrian Orthodox Churches enters the Edicule, where they light their candles from the patriarch's candles.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

During this time, speeders on both sides manage to spread the Fire throughout the temple.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Armenian speedboat brings the Holy Light to the box of the Armenian Orthodox Patriarch, who blesses the people present in the church with it.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The first to leave the Edicule is the Greek Orthodox Patriarch, who at the exit also blesses the people present with the Holy Light.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Directly behind him, the Armenian archimandrite comes out with the Holy Fire, who is carried in his arms to the Armenian Chapel.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Later, Coptic and Syrian Orthodox ministers came out, carrying the Holy Fire to the believers of their Churches.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At 13:10, the Greek Orthodox Patriarch and his colleagues leave the church.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Arab youth of the Greek Patriarchate are also leaving the temple in an organized manner.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The procession of Armenian clergy and believers begins, accompanied by Coptic and Syrian Orthodox communities.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At 14:30, the Armenian ceremony ends and the Armenian Patriarch leaves the temple.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Since 2003, Archimandrite Bagrat Burjekyan has been the representative of the Armenian Patriarch at the ceremony of Light, who, together with the Greek Patriarch, carries the Holy Fire out of the Holy Sepulcher.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

About the signs on the Holy Sepulcher


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Armenian Apostolic Church, which has been directly involved in the Holy Light ceremony for centuries and unequivocally rejects the possibility of regular miracles performed according to the schedule [31], does not deny real miracles on the Holy Sepulcher, including the signs of the Holy Light, which took place in ancient times, during the brutal oppression of Muslims.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

There is a story by Simeon Lehatsi, an Armenian pilgrim of the early 17th century, who described the celebration of Easter in Jerusalem at a time when the Ethiopian Orthodox Church was the dominant church at the ceremony the church, that is, the first Ethiopian entered the Tomb Behind the Light, then an Armenian, and the third Greek.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

At that time, the Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia) was the only independent Christian country in the East, and the King of Ethiopia made generous donations to Jerusalem.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Lekhatsi writes [32]:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

I will tell you about the miracle that took place this year.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

There was no light for two hours, which is why (the Armenian patriarch) with the vardapets (archimandrites) and bishops fell into great anxiety and tearful grief and found no way out but to pray to God.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

After prostrating themselves at the door, they prayed for a long time.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The great vardapet Amida ter Barsegh was also there.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

They cried out, “Lord, have mercy on us, for we trust in You, and we have no one but You; show Your mercy, for we have become dishonor to our neighbors, a laughing stock and a joke. May the Gentiles never say, “Where is their God? “Help us, God, our Savior, for the great glory of Your name. Not for us, Lord, not for us, but for Your saint's name.”


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And, going forward, Paronter Grigor promised God from the depths of his heart [to perform] in secret two thousand kneeling, and ter Barsegh a thousand kneeling.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Then the merciful God had mercy and took pity and sent the Light, making Christians happy.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Cases of signs during the separate celebration of Easter by the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem are mentioned.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Over the past millennium, Armenians have celebrated Easter several times separately from the Greeks.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

This happened when, due to the extremely rare discrepancy between the starting point of the Armenian and Greek Easter eggs, Armenian Easter fell a week later than the Greek Easter.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Such a discrepancy between the date of Easter, according to the same Julian calendar, called “zrazatik” by Armenians, occurred once every several centuries, and each time Armenians held Easter festivities separate from the Greeks, sending a representative to their ceremony and receiving their representative at home.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

According to one of the most prominent theologians and historians of the Armenian Church of the 19th century, Patriarch Malakia Ormanyan of Constantinople, during these separate celebrations, Easter became even more acute and the already difficult relationship between Greeks and Armenians in Jerusalem, especially if it turned out that Armenians who held the service without Greeks had signs [33].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Legends about column damage


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The middle of the three columns on the left side of the portal of the main entrance of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ is cut by a vertical crack about one and a half meters long.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Expanding and deepening, the crack goes down from the middle of the column, reaching about 7-8 cm in width and depth at the base.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Many pray near the column, leaving notes in the crack.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In their travel notes, pilgrims of modern times reported legends they had brought from Jerusalem about unusual events that took place in the old days during the meeting of the light at the Holy Sepulcher, noting at the same time, damage that the columns of the temple received.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Records of Armenian pilgrims


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Simeon Lekhatsi, who visited Jerusalem during his long (1608-1619) pilgrimage, wrote in his Travel Notes that one day the Holy Light “burned the tops of marble columns on both sides of the door” without mentioning the crack:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

They said that once such poor worshipers remained outside, did not let them in for the entrance fee, saying, let's go completely, and so they were left devoid of [light].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

But when the light came, it first rushed outside for the beggars and burned the tops of the marble columns on both sides of the door.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Many have seen this and praised God.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

You can still see places that are on fire.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The hondkar was informed about this, and he, amazed, sent a decree and a letter from the Nalatlam to Jerusalem stating that if the poor did not have [money] and swear that they did not have, let them in so that they would not have lost their light.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

And we also saw burnt and blackened columns with our own eyes.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

This decree on wonderful light is carved on the stone slab of the doors of the [church] of the Resurrection, and this letter is written in Muslim [34].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Records of Orthodox pilgrims


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Russian Old Believer John Lukyanov, who made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1710-1711, wrote down the Greek version of the legend, which describes the circumstances of the crack [35].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Based on the time of Lukyanov's pilgrimage (1710—1711) and the prescription indicated by him (“24 years have already passed”), the events that accompanied the splitting of the column can date back approximately 1686 (1710-24 = 1686).


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In the modern arrangement of Lukyanov's observations (2005) [36], the appearance of the crack dates back to 1579, with the mention of Sultan Murad Pravdivy, who ruled the Ottoman Empire at that time.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The book sets out the same outline of events: the non-admission of the Orthodox Patriarch (Sophronius IV, 1579—1608); forced prayer in front of the entrance; a lightning strike, after which one of the columns cracked, from which a fire came out, from which the Patriarch lit his candles, and from it all the Orthodox and others who came to the church; the confession of the Muslim Omir, followed by his martyrdom and the burning of the body on square in front


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

temple [36] [37].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The compilers of the collection also associate with this event the custom of the Arabs to jump, shout, praise God noisily and loudly in this temple every Holy Saturday [36].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Archpriest Oleg Sknar, Associate Professor of the Department of Biblical Studies of the Kiev Theological Academy of the UOC, specialist in epigraphic monuments of Israel, candidate of theology, believes that “the crack in the column is older than the legend of Fire attributed to it” [38], and for hundreds of years the column could have suffered such damage due to earthquakes, fires, attacks by conquerors, etc. Archpriest Oleg Sknar believes that tales related to the Holy Fire are of interest for research “as an apocryphal literary heritage”.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In his opinion, “evolving, the idea that something “came out” from the column took different narrative forms: from the appearance of martyrs in the patriarch's dream, to the miraculous exit of fire...”


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Ideas about the miraculous convergence and properties of the Holy Fire


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Descriptions of how prayer is offered at the Holy Sepulcher and how the Holy Fire descends in Greek [25] [39] [40] and Russian sources are close to each other and contain statements about the miraculous the convergence of fire.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In their stories, Russian pilgrims often refer to Greeks.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

For example, the legend of a cracked column from the Old Believer John Lukianov, who visited holy places in 1710—1711, begins as follows: “We asked the Greeks about that pillar, so they told us...” [41]


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

As for the miraculous phenomena taking place on Holy Saturday: spontaneous combustion of candles, flashes, lightning, etc.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

, these phenomena are evidenced by pilgrims who were inside the Church of the Holy Sepulcher at the time of the Descent of the Fire, both from the Russian Orthodox Church and from other Orthodox churches.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Archpriest Seraphim Slobodsky's textbook “The Law of God” refers to the Holy Fire as a miracle, citing the stories of pilgrims [42].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Archpriest Gennady Zaridze, the head of the Association of Orthodox Scientists, used a pyrometer to determine the temperature of the Holy Fire in the first few minutes after its convergence, and it was about 40 degrees Celsius.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Repeated measurements after 15 minutes showed a temperature of 320 degrees [43].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Possible explanation for the method of convergence of fire is electrical discharge


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In the 2000s, the Commission for the Description of the Miraculous Events Taking Place in the Russian Orthodox Church developed a comprehensive program for the scientific description of the events accompanying the descent of Fire.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

One of its points was to conduct radiophysical measurements in the immediate vicinity of the Edicule.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Orthodox producer Saida Medvedeva offered to participate in the creation of a film about Orthodox miracles, including organizing a scientific expedition to the Church of the Holy Sepulcher.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Andrey Aleksandrovich Volkov, Head of the Laboratory of Ion Systems of the Kurchatov Institute, manufactured a complex of measuring equipment, which included an antenna unit (manufactured by engineer A. A. Polisan), a digital oscilloscope and a laptop to record the measured electromagnetic spectra for eight to ten hours without recharging the computer and rewriting information.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Every minute, the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range from 0 to 360 kHz was automatically recorded.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The radiation oscillogram was recorded and automatically recalculated into the amplitude-frequency characteristic — the dependence of the radiation value on its frequency.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

On April 26, 2008, 15-17 meters from the Edicule at 15:04 — 15:08, at the time of the descent of the Holy Fire, a radio pulse was instrumentally recorded, which is comparable in power to the radiation power during the operation of household welding machine.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The authors of the article in the journal “Science and Religion” suggested [44] :at the time of the descent of the Holy Fire, one or more fairly powerful electrical discharges occur, which, apparently , and are the cause of candle sunbathing.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The source of accumulation of high-power electrical potential is not known for certain.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

As a possible preliminary hypothesis, we point out that during the measurements, a clearly discernible sound resonance was noted during the performance of chants and choral prayers, especially strong when chants sung by Christians of Arab origin.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Such a resonance can cause a piezoelectric effect and lead to the emergence of a significant electrical potential.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The equipment manufacturer, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Andrey Volkov, said that it is impossible to draw conclusions from one experience [45]: An electrical discharge occurred - either lightning struck or those present TV people closed something in the equipment, or for a moment something like a piezo lighter turned on.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Materialistic explanations


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The presence of a burning lamp in the Edicule


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Priest of the Armenian Apostolic Church Samuil Agoyan, who represents the Armenian Patriarchate in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and participated in the ceremony three times together with the Greek Patriarch — in 2000, 2001 and 2002, in March 2018 during a video interview with an Israeli journalist, he said that the Holy Fire is lit from an oil lamp [46].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In an interview with the GCREZES ZONES program on the Greek TV channel MEGA of the Locum Tenens of the Patriarchal See of the Church of Jerusalem, Metropolitan Kornelius of Petra, who received the fire in 2001, said [47]:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Orientalist I. YU.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Krachkovsky wrote [48]:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

He cites the testimony of an eyewitness (Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, d. 1256 [49]), who described what he saw as follows:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Former archpriest and master of theology, professor of Leningrad theological schools, excommunicated from the Church, A. A. Osipov, who later became one of the prominent atheists and critics of religion, wrote about N. D. Uspensky [50]:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Selivanova A. Easter in Jerusalem.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Memories of a trip to the East (1881—1882).


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Spontaneous combustion


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Spontaneous combustion reactions are known when certain substances interact with each other and oxygen contained in the air.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

For example, spontaneous combustion in the open air is the principle of some Molotov cocktail recipes.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

As a possible recipe for obtaining a self-igniting mixture, we can mention the story of Ibn al-Kalanisi (12th century), dedicated to the appearance of the Holy Fire:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Mixtures capable of spontaneous combustion could also be available in ancient times, for example, a mixture of sulfuric acid (which was already obtained in Ancient Egypt) and potassium chromate (used in ancient times for tanning leather) [51].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Also, if you mix concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate, you can get fire without matches and a lighter.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

This mixture ignites instantly, and in the first moments it does not even burn the skin.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Another similar assumption is based on the interaction of boric acid, sulfuric acid and ethyl alcohol.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The mixture is placed in a place where pilgrims will not see it and its manipulation.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Burning of the resulting substance also occurs at a low temperature in the first minutes and does not leave burns [52].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Alternative Opinions, Doubts, Criticism


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Criticism by representatives of Greek Orthodox churches


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The main object of criticism of the traditional attitude of the Greek Orthodox churches to the Fire of Grace is the idea of the miraculous descent of the Fire on the Holy Sepulcher, as well as the testimony of pilgrims about the miraculous phenomena and unusual properties of fire that accompany the convergence.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Some Orthodox Christians believe that the Holy Fire appears in a supernatural way and has miraculous properties [53] [54].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Bishop Porphyry (Uspensky), the first head of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem, recorded two stories:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The hierodeacon, having climbed into the chapel of the Sepulcher at a time when, according to the general belief, the Holy Fire was coming down, saw with horror that the fire was lit simply from a lamp that never fades away, and so the Blessed fire is not a miracle.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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He himself told me about this today [55]


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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In the minutes of the meetings, Misail admitted that he was lighting a fire in an edicule from a lamp hidden behind a moving marble icon of the Resurrection of Christ near the Holy Sepulcher [56].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Nikolai Uspensky, professor at the Leningrad Theological Academy, devoted the 1949 Act Speech to criticism of the ideas about the miraculous descent of the Holy Fire and the history of their origin:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Obviously, once, without giving a timely energetic explanation to his flock about the true meaning of the rite of St.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

fire, in the future they were unable to raise this voice to the increasing fanaticism of the dark masses due to objective conditions.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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If this was not done in a timely manner, it later became impossible, without risking personal well-being and, perhaps, the integrity of the shrines themselves.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

It remains for them to perform the rite and remain silent, comforting themselves with the fact that God “knows and can, will reason and calm the peoples” [50].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

According to Alexander Musin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Freelance Deacon, the descent of the Holy Fire is “a pious deception that became widespread in Russia only during a dreary period the stagnation of the 1970s.”


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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As a justification for his opinion, he cites the decline in theological education in Russia and lack of culture [57].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Criticism from other faiths


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Armenian Apostolic Church, whose representatives have always been directly involved in the ceremony of the Holy Light, rejects the ideas widespread in the Greek Orthodox churches about the Holy Fire, denies its supernatural properties and the circumstances of its appearance.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

It is claimed that the fire does not ignite spontaneously, and the Greek Patriarch and the Armenian Archimandrite light candles from an unquenchable lamp, which has been on fire for 1500 years [58].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Alternative versions of legends are also given, for example, about a cracked column [31] [59].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In March 2018, Priest Samuel Agoyan, representing the Armenian Patriarchate, during the filming of a report for Hadashot 2 TV channel in Edicule, said that there is nothing mystical about the Holy Fire No, and that he himself watched the patriarchs light bundles of wax candles from an oil lamp three times.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

“God works miracles, but not for the amusement of people,” the clergyman concluded [60].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Commenting on this statement, Archimandrite Ghevond, minister of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, confirmed that Father Samuel participated in the ceremony together with the Greek Patriarch, and “he himself lit a fire from lamps” [61].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Developing the position of the Armenian Apostolic Church on this issue, he said in an interview with RIA Novosti: We have never announced that fire comes from heaven.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Yes, there were such miracles, but they happened nationwide... We consider the fire to be Blessed, because grace comes down through the prayers of Gregory the Illuminator, there can be miracles, and the sick can be healed [61].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The website of the Russian and Novo-Nakhichevan Diocese of the Holy Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church explains:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Everything that repents of the special properties of the fire being carried out is all the fruit of the same imagination of exalted pilgrims.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

All the stories about self-ignition and the fact that this fire does not burn for some time are a fairy tale in which it is proposed to simply believe as an important “Orthodox truth”, and many with considerable are enthusiastically involved in this often unsafe game of fire.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

People who naively believe that they receive serious burns in their hands “wonderful fire”, but at the same time boast that they “personally washed themselves with fire and did not burn” are not diminished [31].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The Catholic Church does not recognize the miraculous nature of the descent of the Holy Fire, however, before the expulsion of the Crusaders from Jerusalem in 1187, it “took part in the ceremony of the descent of the Holy Fire and simultaneously with the Orthodox, they conducted their service in the church.”


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In 1238, Pope Gregory IX, in one of his official letters, opposed attempts to see a miracle in the rite of descent of the Holy Fire [62].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

One of the Catholic researchers of the question, Olga Basiy, notes in this regard that “due to the spread of a misunderstanding of this rite”, unfortunately, it is not known what changes have occurred in the understanding of this rite, with the exception of the ceased participation of local Catholics in it [63] [64]


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Criticism in Islamic sources


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

, Chief Kadi (Judge) in Jerusalem, published a historical work in January 1496 entitled “The Book of Glorious Friendship for the History of Jerusalem and Hebron”, which contains many topographic and historical information about these two cities.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

When compiling this work, Mujir al-Din widely used the works of his predecessors, Shams al-Din As-Suyuti and Jemal al-Din al-Maqdisi, often directly quoting their texts.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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The work was published in 1868.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In this book, he writes:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

“In 898 (AH), al-Hakim Bi-amr-Allah... ordered the destruction of the Al-Kumam Church (Church of the Holy Sepulcher) in Jerusalem, and gave the people all the property, vessels, etc. that were in it for looting. This was due to the report he received about the tricks of Christians on Easter with the fire that they obtained by cunning, and ignorant people believed that this fire descended from heaven. It is made by impregnating balsam oil with thin silk threads smeared with sulfur and other drugs, arranged with such art that it goes at face value in the eyes of outstanding personalities , and the common people. They still do it in al-Kumam (Church of the Holy Sepulcher). The day when fire appears is called the “Sabbath of Light.” [65]


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Responding to criticism


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

A large number of various publications that have appeared recently caused a response in the form of articles in defense of the Holy Fire, posted mainly on Orthodox websites [66].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

In particular, Hieromonk Job (Gumerov) rejects the data of Bishop Porphyrius (Uspensky), pointing out that they were received from Metropolitan Misail through Bishop Dionysius, and Porphyrius himself is known for his irreverent attitude to many legends about miracles, which he denied from the standpoint of scientific data [67].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

See also


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Conflicts in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Burning Bush


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Saint Severin


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Lusavorich lamp


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Cold fire


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

The miracle of Saint Januarius is the main annual miracle of the Catholic Church


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Notes


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Literature


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Avdulovsky F. M.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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M., 1887.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Dmitrievskiy A. A. The grace of the Holy Fire on the Life-Giving Sepulcher on Holy Saturday.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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SPb., 1908.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Papadopoulo-Keramevs A. AND. Foreword.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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//The story of Nikita, the Tsar's cleric.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Epistle to Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrorodny on the Holy Fire, written in 947 SPb., 1894, p. I.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

(Orthodox Palestinian collection. VOL. 13. Vol. 2).


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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p. 10-11.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Hieromonk Ghevond (Hovhannisyan).


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Jerusalem, 2010.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Archimandrite Sava (Achilleos) [www.proza.ru/2008/04/23/428 I saw the Holy Fire].


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Athens, 2002.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

References


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

NTV:, 07.04.2007


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Vlas Mikhailovich Doroshevich.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

“In the Promised Land. The Triumph of the Holy Fire”


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Videos


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Interview (,,) of Archimandrite Ghevond Hovhannisyan to ARMTV channel.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

RU.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Supporters of the version of miraculous spontaneous combustion


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

From an Orthodox point of view:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

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Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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//Orthodoxy.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Ru, April 21, 2009


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Critics of the version about the miraculous spontaneous combustion


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

From an Orthodox point of view:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Uspensky N. D. Speech delivered on October 9, 1949


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Musin A. — izvestia.ru 11.05.2005


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

From the perspective of the Armenian Church:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

From an atheistic point of view:


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Dobrokhotov I. Common Sense, No. 4 (49), 2008.


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Category:Orthodoxy


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Category:Church of the Holy Sepulcher


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

Holy fire

Category:Jerusalem Orthodox Church


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Category:Easter


Question: In which cave does the Holy Fire light up for Easter?

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Category:Miracles in Christianity


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

This list provides information about monasteries located within the modern borders of the Moscow Region, as well as about abolished monasteries.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Operating monasteries


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Inactive monasteries


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Alexandro-Mariinsky Convent — (Shatursky District, pos. Meshchersky Bor).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1899 and abolished in 1918.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Bogolyubskaya male cinema of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra — (St. Sergiev Posad).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Founded in 1858, the temple was restored in 2012.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Vladimir-Catherine Monastery (Novopokrov) is a women's monastery, lost (Mozhaisk district, d. Novopokrov).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1895 and closed in 1927.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Germogenova Pustyn (Germogenov male desert) - lost (Sergiyevo-Posadsky district, ur. Germogenova Pustyn).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1913 and closed in 1929.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Gethsemane community (Voronino) (Gethsemane women's community) — lost (Zaraisky district, p. Voronino).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1909, closed in the 1920s.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Gethsemane Skete (Gethsemane-Chernigov Skete, Gethsemane Men's Skete of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra) — (Moscow Region, St. Sergiev Posad).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Before the revolution, it consisted of two hermitages - Gethsemane and Chernigov.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

To date, the Chernigov Skete is active (see), Gethsemane is lost.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Elizabethan women's community in Shakhovskaya is lost (Shakhovsky district, pos. Shakhovskaya).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1917 and closed in 1920.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Zuevsky Skete of the Ascension Convent — lost (Orekhovo-Zuevsky district, ur. Monastyrskaya Polyana).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1912 and liquidated in 1920.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Icons of the Mother of God Otrada or Consolation women's community — lost (Domodedovo District, p. Dobrynikha).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1898, closed after 1917.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Church life was revived in 1991.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Ilyinsky Women's Skete in Verzilovo — operating since the late 1990s — early 2000s, (Stupinsky District, p. Verzilovo), was founded in the late 1990s — early 2000s.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

John the Baptist Convent (Stavropegic St. John the Baptist Convent) is operating since 2001 (Ramensky District, p. Denezhnikovo).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Founded in 2001.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

John the Baptist Women's Skete — lost (Stupino District, near D. Sokolova Pustyn).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1895, closed after 1917.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Prince Vladimir Monastery (Filimonki) (Prince Vladimir Convent in Filimonki) — lost (Leninsky District, Filimonki, from the Moscow Ring Road: 15 km).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1891, closed in the 1920s.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Krasnokholmskaya Solovetsky Hermitage — (Marchugovskaya Solovetsky Hermitage) (Voskresensky District, d. Marchugovo), founded at the end of the XV, in 1655 it was moved to D. Faustovo (see Fig. Novo-Solovetskaya Marchugovskaya Pustyn).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Nikitsky Monastery (Dmitrov) was abolished in 1764.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Nikitsky Monastery (Kashira) (Alexander Nikitsky Convent, Nikitsky Kashirsky Convent) - abolished in the 1920s, in 1998 and 2009 the surviving churches were transferred to the church (Kashirsky r- he, Kashira).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1884.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Novo-Solovetskaya Marchugovskaya Pustyn (Krasnokholmskaya Novo-Solovetskaya Marchugovskaya Pustyn) is operating since 1993 as a metochion of the Solovetsky Monastery, (Voskresensky District, p. Faustovo), founded in 1655.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Paraclitan Deserts (Dormitory Desert of the Holy Spirit of the Comforter (Paraclitus)) is operating since 1992, founded in 1858, (pos. Smena, Sergiev Posad)


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Pokrovskaya women's community in Pokrovsky is operating since 1999, (Podolsky district, p. Yudanovka), founded in 1999


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

The Preobrazhensky Women's Skete of the Pyukhtitsky Metochion — operating since 1996, (Odintsovo district, p. Yudino).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Founded in 1996.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Pyatnitsky Monastery (Dmitrov) was abolished in 1764, the buildings have not been preserved.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Crucified Monastery — abolished in 1764, founded in 1665 (Moscow). Serpukhov).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Nina's women's community in Kurilovo is lost (Podolsky district, pos. Kurilovo), founded in 1907, liquidated in the 1920s.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

The Holy Transfiguration Skete of the Danilov Monastery was founded in 2008 (Serpukhov District, near the village. Lanshino), male.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Sergiyevo-Dubrovsky Convent — lost (Naro-Fominsky District, near D. Dubrovo).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

It was founded in 1914 and closed in 1929.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

The Spaso-Vifansky Monastery is a male monastery operating since 2002 (St. Sergiev Posad, pos. Ptitsegrad).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Founded in 1797


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Spaso-Entrance Monastery (Vereya) (Spassky Monastery), founded in the 16th century, abolished in 1764.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Stromyn Monastery (Assumption Stromyn Monastery) — lost, (Noginsky district, p. Stromyn), it was abolished in 1764.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Chernigov Skete, (Chernigov Men's Skete of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Cave Department of the Gethsemane Male Skete of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra; Gethsemane-Chernigov Men's Skete of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra) — operating since 1990, (g. Sergiev Posad), founded in 1847, closed in 1921.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Trinity Alexander Nevsky Monastery (Akatovo) (Akatovsky Trinity Alexander Convent) is operating since 2007, (Klinsky District, p. Akatovo), founded in 1889, closed in 1927.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Trinity Convent has been operating since 1997 (Orekhovo-Zuyevsky District, d. Ostrovo).


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Founded in 1997.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Yakimansky Monastery (Mozhaisk) (Joakimo-Anninsky Monastery) — abolished in 1764, (St. Mozhaisk), founded in the 16th century, a small fragment of the wall has been preserved, built into the functioning Church of Joachim and Anna.


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

See also


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Monasteries in Moscow


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

List of stauropegic monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Category:Lists Moscow Oblast


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region


Question: How many active stauropegic monasteries are there in Russia today?

List of monasteries in Moscow region

Category:List of monasteries in Russia


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova (born February 9, 1966, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, RSFSR, USSR) is a Russian politician and economist.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for Social Policy since May 18, 2018.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Dean of the Faculty of Public Administration and Financial Control of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation (2013—2018).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation on socio-economic cooperation with the CIS countries, Abkhazia and South Ossetia [1] [2] (2012-2013).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Minister of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation (2007—2012), First Deputy Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation (2002-2004).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Honored Economist of the Russian Federation (2004).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Doctor of Economics (2008), Professor (2017).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Chevalier of the Order “For Merit to the Fatherland” II, III and IV degrees (2008, 2012, 2016).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Full State Counselor of the Russian Federation, 1st Class (2003).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Biography


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Tatyana Golikova was born on February 9, 1966 in Mytishchi in the family of Alexey Gennadyevich and Lyubov Mikhailovna Golikovs.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova's father worked at the factory, and her mother worked as a commodity expert.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

She graduated from high school in the village of Lesnoy Gorodok, Odintsovo District.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

During her studies, she was a Communist Party of the school [3] [4] [5].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Education


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 1987 she graduated from the General Economics Department of the Moscow Institute of National Economy named after V.I.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

G. IN. Plekhanov with a degree in Labor Economics, qualification “Economist” [3] [6].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 2005, Tatyana Golikova defended her Ph.D. thesis on the topic “Formation of an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the economy of the Russian Federation based on effective regulation intergovernmental relations”, prepared on the basis of St. Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics under the scientific guidance of D.E.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

n.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

, Professor Mikhailushkin A. AND. [7]


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 2008, she defended her thesis for the degree of Doctor of Economics (topic: “Theory and Methodology of Managing Inter-Budgetary Relations in the Russian Federation”) [8], newly prepared in doctoral studies at the same St. Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 2016, the Dissernet reported that numerous undocumented borrowings from other works were found in Golikova's candidate and doctoral dissertations [9].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Professional career


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Research Institute of the State Labor Committee of the RSFSR


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

After graduating from the Distribution Institute, she worked in the Salary Department of the Research Institute of Labor of the USSR State Labor Committee as a junior researcher [5] [10] together with Maxim Topilin, Minister of Labor and Social Protection RF since 2012 [11].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 1990, she joined the Ministry of Finance of the RSFSR.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

She worked her career in it from a simple employee of the Ministry to the First Deputy Minister:


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

1990—1992 — 1st category economist, leading economist of the consolidated department of the state budget of the Ministry of Finance of the RSFSR [12];


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

1992—1995 — Leading Economist, Chief Economist, Head of the Budget Policy and Analysis Department of the Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation;


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

1995—1996 — Deputy Head of the Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance of Russia — Head of the Consolidated Budget Division of the Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance of Russia;


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

1996—1998 — Deputy Head of the Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation;


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

1998 — Head of the Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, member of the Board of the Ministry of Finance


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

1998-1999 — Head of the Budget Policy Department of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation [1] [13];


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

1999—2002 — Deputy Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation;


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

2002—2004 — First Deputy Minister of Finance of Russia [13];


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

2004-2007 — Deputy Minister of Finance of Russia (she was transferred to this position as a result of an administrative reform that provided for a reduction in the number of first deputies of federal ministers) [14].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova's main task during her work at the Ministry of Finance of Russia was to draw up a draft federal budget [5].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In addition to the formation of the budget, as Deputy Minister of Finance of Russia, Golikova oversaw issues of intergovernmental relations, financing of science, the state apparatus, the social sphere and safety [15].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Along with Mikhail Zurabov, Minister of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, she supported the adoption of a federal law on the monetization of benefits [15] [16].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The adopted law caused a wide public outcry and a number of mass protests [3] [17] [18] [19].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Minister of Health and Social Development of the RF


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In September 2007, Golikova was appointed Minister of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation in the government of Viktor Zubkov, taking this position after Mikhail Zurabov was dismissed.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova received a proposal for a new appointment personally from Vladimir Putin [20].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In May 2008, by decree of the newly elected and inaugurated President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev, she was reappointed Minister of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation in the government Vladimir Putin [21].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Since 2009, she has simultaneously been Chairman of the Board of the Federal Mandatory Medical Insurance Fund [6] [22] by office.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In January 2010, she became a member of the Government Commission on Economic Development and Integration [10].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

During Tatyana Golikova's work at the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, a pension reform was carried out, which resulted in the unification of the basic and insurance parts of the pension, the replacement of the unified social tax (UST) with insurance premiums, an increase in the amount of contributions from 26 to 34%, and the launch of a pension co-financing program.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The circulation of medicines has received new regulation: a law was adopted that introduced a new system for regulating the prices of medicines and established new requirements for the pharmaceutical industry.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Also, under the leadership of Golikova, a number of programs were launched, including the creation of a national blood service, the prevention of serious diseases (oncological, cardiovascular, and support reproductive health), to create trauma centers along the main routes [23].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

A number of Golikova's initiatives, for example, the reform of the pension system and the replacement of the unified social tax back with insurance premiums, caused a sharp reaction from the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Finance.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

However, Golikova managed to defend her position, which was explained, among other things, by her high authority and trust on the part of Vladimir Putin [24] [5].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Under the leadership of Golikova, the national project “Health” was implemented — a program to improve the quality of medical care [25].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 2010, Tatyana Golikova presented to the State Duma a draft state program “Accessible Environment” in order to ensure access of disabled people and other people with limited mobility to facilities and increase their standard of living.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

This was the first step towards the implementation in Russia of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [26].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Assistant to President of Russia


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In May 2012, after the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation to the newly elected and inaugurated President Vladimir Putin on May 21, 2012, she was appointed assistant by his decree President of the Russian Federation [27] [28].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Previously, the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation headed by her was reorganized by dividing it into two independent departments: the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection The Russian Federation and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, whose heads were appointed former deputies of Golikova — Maxim Topilin (Ministry of Labor of Russia) and Veronika Skvortsova (Ministry of Health of Russia) [10].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, the head of state instructed Golikova to conduct issues of socio-economic development of Abkhazia and South Ossetia [29] [30].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In August 2012, Golikova headed two newly created commissions under the President of the Russian Federation: on Veterans Affairs and on Disabled Affairs [6] [31].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In December 2012, Golikova stated that the restoration of South Ossetia and Abkhazia under the previous leadership of these republics went with a “corruption component” [32].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In June 2013, the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation established the Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation for Socio-Economic Cooperation with the CIS Countries, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which was headed by Deputy Golikova (for the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia) Yuri Voronin.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The supervision of the new department was given to Golikova [2].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In July 2013, Golikova was included in the list of potential candidates for the post of Chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In September 2013, Vladimir Putin chose Golikova from three candidates for this post and submitted her candidacy to the State Duma for consideration [10].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

On September 20, 2013, the State Duma supported the candidacy of Tatyana Golikova (415 for, 5 against), appointing her Chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

[33] [34].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

On the same day, a decree of the President of the Russian Federation followed her dismissal from the post of Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation [35] in connection with her transfer to another post.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

During the period of its work, the Golikova Accounts Chamber carried out 1,480 control and expert-analytical measures, which covered 11,709 facilities.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The total amount of violations and shortcomings identified in the receipt and use of funds from the budget system amounted to 3.9 trillion rubles (18,481 violations were revealed).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Based on the materials of inspections by the Accounts Chamber, 1,209 cases of administrative offenses and 128 criminal cases were initiated [36].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

One of the most high-profile and systematic inspections of the Accounts Chamber under Tatyana Golikova was the inspection of the Vostochny cosmodrome.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

According to the estimates of the control agency, the cost of building ground infrastructure facilities of the cosmodrome was overestimated by more than 13 billion rubles.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The auditors managed to reveal the schemes due to which budget funds were used for other purposes and prevent further overestimation of the cost of construction [37] [38] [39].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

On May 17, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin submitted to the State Duma a proposal for the early release of Tatyana Golikova from the post of chairman of the Accounts Chamber [40].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Earlier, Golikova was nominated by the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for the post of Deputy Prime Minister for Education, Health and Social Policy [41].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Deputy Prime


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

On May 18, 2018, the President of the Russian Federation approved the composition of the new government headed by Dmitry Medvedev, in which Tatyana Golikova was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation [42].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Her area of responsibility includes social policy.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In preparation for the pension reform in Russia, on September 6, 2018, she was appointed Special Representative of the President of Russia in Parliament when considering draft laws on the appointment and pension payments [43]


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Grades


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova's colleagues noted her efficiency, and also claimed that Golikova remembers all the figures of the federal budget by heart.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

For this, she received the nicknames “Workaholikova”, “Queen of the Budget” and “Miss-Budget” [5] [44] [24].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Ogonyok magazine wrote that Finance Minister Kudrin began work on the budget with the phrase “I have tea and Golikova” [45].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova's authority served as the basis for Vladimir Putin to offer her the post of Minister of Social Development in 2007.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

According to journalist Vsevolod Belchenko, the president's support helped Golikova resolve controversial issues, for example, the reform of the pension system and the replacement of the unified social tax back with insurance contributions [5].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

According to Veronika Sycheva, a columnist for the Itogi magazine, she was “carried in her arms” in the industry, because she knew how to “knock out” money from the Ministry of Finance, knowing the entire internal kitchen of her former ministry.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

There were many initiatives that were actively supported by the industry community [24].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

When she was Minister of Health and Social Development, some experts criticized Tatyana Golikova for making important decisions alone without discussion with the professional medical community [5].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Nevertheless, under Tatyana Golikova, a working mechanism was created for chief freelance specialists who were involved in the development of basic documents in all medical areas [46].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The press criticized her decisions to dismiss Hristo Takhchidi, Mikhail Paltsev and a number of other leaders [5] [47].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

At the same time, Golikova herself won the Person of the Year 2008 international award in the nomination “Person in Public Administration” for information openness” [48].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova's work as minister was accompanied by a number of scandals in regional ministries.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

One of them was related to the purchase of CT scanners for a total amount of 7.5 billion rubles.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Some of them, as it turned out, were purchased in the regions through intermediaries at inflated prices.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev instructed Golikova to bring guilty officials to justice [49].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 2009-2010, an audit of the Accounts Chamber of Russia also revealed violations during the construction of federal centers for high medical technologies [50].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The media reported on the involvement of T. Golikova to lobbying Pharmstandard products, in particular, to promote the medical drug Arbidol [24] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

She was also criticized for its inaction in relation to the increase in the use of desomorphine (aka “crocodile”) by drug addicts, made from codeine-containing drugs produced by Pharmstandard [54] ( Subsequently, since June 2012, codeine-containing drugs were prohibited from being sold without a prescription [56]).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova herself denied the accusations of links with Pharmstandard [57].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

During the consideration of Golikova's candidacy for the post of head of the Accounts Chamber, the deputies raised the question of whether she promoted Arbidol when she held the post of Minister of Health.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Garry Minh, Presidential Envoy to the State Duma, answered for Golikova.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

He informed parliamentarians that this information was not confirmed [58].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Delegates of the All-Russian Pirogov Congress of Doctors claimed that the draft law “On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Russian Citizens” developed by the Ministry of Social Development of Russia was prepared without taking into account the opinion of ordinary doctors [ 59] [60].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In April 2011, the famous doctor Leonid Roshal criticized Golikova at the First All-Russian Forum of Medical Workers [61].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Nevertheless, experts attribute this law to the success of Golikova and even Roshal admitted in the end that the main vector of the law was chosen correctly.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Positive assessments of Golikova's work were expressed by Yevgeny Chazov, former Minister of Health of the USSR, Leo Bokeria, Director of the Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, and other specialists.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Yuri Zhulev, co-chairman of the All-Russian Union of Public Associations of Patients, argued that it was difficult to find a better specialist than Golikova to lead the joint department [62] [63].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

During the discussion of Golikova's candidacy for the post of Deputy Prime Minister for Social Affairs, State Duma Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin said that there are many Golikova as head of the Accounts Chamber did it to increase the authority of this structure, and “it really rarely happens when all factions of the State Duma, despite their views and positions, treat the head of the Accounts Chamber this way” [64].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In connection with the same appointment, Diana Gurtskaya, head of the Civic Chamber's Commission for Family and Motherhood Support, noted not only Golikova's high professionalism, but also her human qualities.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

According to Gurtskaya, Golikova is an empathetic and kind person, always ready to respond to requests for support [65].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Personal life


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

family


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Tatyana Golikova is married for the second time.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The first marriage lasted five years; according to Golikova, the reason for the divorce was “different views on life” [66].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 2003, she married Viktor Khristenko (for him this is also his second marriage), then Deputy Prime Minister of Russia.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Currently, Khristenko heads the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission [5] [67] [68].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova is Orthodox; she was baptized at the age of 22 [69].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 2001, Viktor Khristenko and Tatyana Golikova created a charitable foundation for the revival of the Staritsky Holy Dormition Monastery.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The fund was also co-founded by a number of large businessmen [70].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova and Khristenko received church awards for their participation in the restoration of the monastery [71].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The press noted Golikova's addiction to expensive and extravagant outfits and jewelry, sometimes not consistent with business ethics [24] [72] [73] [74] [75].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

According to Golikova, she skates well, likes to cook soups, and adheres to a separate diet [76].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Ownership and income


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova's income in 2012 amounted to more than 5.8 million rubles.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

It owns a land plot of 0.75 hectares (75 acres) in Russia, an apartment with an area of 142.4 square meters, as well as a parking space.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Her husband owns an apartment with an area of 218.6 square meters, uses a land plot of 1.99 hectares and two residential buildings with an area of 991.4 and 336.8 square meters [77].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova and Khristenko have been living since 2007 in the elite village of Fantasy Island, located in the Tatarovskaya floodplain on the territory of the Moskvoretsky Natural and Historical Park in Krylatskoye.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

The media drew attention to the high value of real estate owned by spouses [78] [78] [79] [80].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In 2010, Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov announced the illegality of the construction of the Fantasy Island and the need to liquidate it, following the nearby Rechnik garden association: “Here they should have sports facilities should be built, and not houses for those difficult people who now live in them” [81].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

However, later the authorities abandoned the idea of demolishing Fantasy Island [82].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Community activities and philanthropy


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Golikova is a member of the Board of Trustees of the So-edinenie Foundation for the Support of the Deaf-Blind [83].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Honors


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Order “For Merit to the Fatherland” II degree (January 29, 2016) — for great services to the state and many years of conscientious work [84].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Order “For Merit to the Fatherland” III degree (2012) [85].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Order “For Merit to the Fatherland” IV degree (December 23, 2008) — for services in organizing and conducting measures to provide assistance to the affected population of the Republic of South Ossetia [86].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Order of Honor (February 9, 2006) — for services in the preparation and holding of festive events dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 [87].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Order of Friendship (November 16, 2006) — for his great contribution to the preparation and holding of the meeting of the heads of state and government of the G8 member countries in St. Petersburg [88].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Medal of the Order “For Merit to the Fatherland” I degree (October 25, 2004) — for active participation in legislative activity [89].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Medal of the Order “For Merit to the Fatherland” II degree (April 12, 2001) — for merits in the field of financial and economic activity [90].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Stolypin P. A. I degree (February 9, 2016) — for merits in solving strategic tasks of the socio-economic development of the country and many years of conscientious work [91].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Honored Economist of the Russian Federation (February 22, 2004) — for merits in the field of economics and financial activities [92].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Certificate of Honor of the President of the Russian Federation (February 10, 2011) — for services to the state and many years of conscientious work [93].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Certificate of Honor of the Government of the Russian Federation (September 7, 2002) — for services to the state in the field of financial and economic activities and in connection with the 200th anniversary of the Ministry of Finance of Russia [94].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Order “For Merit to the Republic of Dagestan” (June 27, 2011).


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Order of St. Olga Equal-to-the-Apostles Princess I degree (ROC, 2010) — in view of assistance in the restoration of the Staritsky Holy Dormition Monastery [95].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Order of St. Euphrosyne, Grand Duchess of Moscow, I degree (ROC, 2017) [96].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Laureate of the Olympia National Award for Public Recognition of Women's Achievements of the Russian Academy of Business and Entrepreneurship [97] in 2003


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Laureate of the international award “” in the nomination “Person in Public Administration”.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

In the rating “100 Most Influential Women in Russia” by Ogonyok magazine, published in March 2014, she took 3rd place.


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Honorary Badge of the State Duma “For Merits in the Development of Parliamentarism” (2016) [99].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Class rank


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Full State Counselor of the Russian Federation, 1st Class (August 28, 2003) [100].


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Notes


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

References


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Deputy Prime Ministers of the Russian Federation


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Ministers of Health of the Russian Federation


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Full State Councillors of the Russian Federation, 1st Class


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Members of the State Anti-Drug Committee


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Members of the National Anti-Terrorism Committee


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Graduates of the General Economics Faculty of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Chairmen of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Russian women politicians


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Persons accused of plagiarism


Question: When was Tatyana Alekseevna Golikova born?

Tatyana Golikova

Category:Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

Dungeons & Dragons (D&D, DnD; Dungeons & Dragons) is a fantasy role-playing board game developed by Gary Gygax and.


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

It was first published in 1974 by Tactical Studies Rules, Inc. (TSR).


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

Since 1997, it has been published by Wizards of the Coast (WoTC).


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

Creating


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

Initially, Dungeons & Dragons was an addition to the Chainmail desktop wargame.


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

The main difference was the introduction of various fantastic creatures and magical items into the game.


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

Subsequently, the players controlled not military units, but individual characters, and the action of the games was transferred to dungeons.


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

The host (Dungeon Master) is an arbiter and storyteller.


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

Players create a group of several characters that interact with the outside world, resolve various conflicts, participate in battles, and receive rewards.


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

The early success of Dungeons & Dragons led to the proliferation of similar gaming systems.


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

In 1977, the system was divided into two branches: the easier to learn Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) and the more structured Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D).


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

The second edition of AD&D was published in 1989.


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

In 2000, the original series of D&D games was interrupted, and the third edition of AD&D with the new system was renamed D&D, which formed the basis of the d20 System.


Question: How many players can play the Dungeon Master RPG board version at the same time?

Dungeons & Dragons

The fourth edition was published in 2008 and the fifth edition in 2014.