Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

In Russia, mounted police units are used for patrolling, as well as for protecting mass events.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

It is believed that the sight of police officers towering above the crowd riding strong animals has an overwhelming, deterrent effect on the crowd.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Equestrian sports


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Equestrian sports has become a developed industry.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Classical equestrian sports are dressage (High School of Equestrian Riding, Dressage), show jumping (overcoming obstacles, Show Jumping) and eventing (Millitary, Three day event).


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Other disciplines include horse races on horseback, speed or distance, sledding competitions (doubles or quadrangles, driving) [8].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

To improve the course, develop playfulness, competitions, or tests, as horsemen say, have always been held among trotters.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

At first, they competed one by one, with the “arched” horses under the riders (the arched one jumped next to the trotter's arc to encourage him to run more recklessly — with her presence she brought a spirit of competition).


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Subsequently, hippodromes appeared with special paths in the form of parallel straight lines, along which two or three horses were running at the same time.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Later, even more horses took part in the race and ran in an elliptical circle.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Moscow annually hosts one of the stages of the World Cup and the Mayor's Dressage and Show Jumping Cup with a prize pool of $200,000.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

At these competitions, you can see the best riders on the planet, such as multiple world champions Willy Melliger from Switzerland and Franke Slootaak from Germany, Olympic champion Dutchman Jero Dubbeldam and dr [8].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Children's equestrian sport has been widely developed in the world [8].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Exhibitions and shows


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horse shows are very popular in the United States.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

They collect up to 10-15 thousand horses at the same time and are held at such festive events as the World Horse Exhibitions or the Western Rider Rodeo Festivals.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horse maintenance


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horses in culture


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Eastern khans, owners of purebred horses — skittles — did not sell their horses, but only gave them to distinguished guests and friends.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

A thoroughbred horse is currently a very valuable gift.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

The cost of outstanding thoroughbred horses can exceed millions and tens of millions of dollars.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

The horse market is called horse auctions [8].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

In many countries, horses are not only a luxury item, but a tradition.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Spectacular cavalry parades and carriage rides remain a mandatory attribute of national celebrations in many countries (for example, in the UK, which gave the world many breeds).


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

In the East, horses are still often the subject of a special cult.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

In the 4th-3rd millennia BC


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

the cult of these animals was common in many countries [8].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

There are monuments to horses in Russia: Oryol trotters Kvadrat, Ulov, Cyprus, Akhal-Teke Absinthe (winner of the Grand Prize in dressage at the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome), Budyonnov stallion Symbol , Russian heavy truck Flirty, purebred riding Anilin, a three-time winner of the European Cup [8].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horse riding is an integral part of human culture.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

They are associated with many signs, myths, legends and fairy tales, folk songs, poetry, painting, sculpture, cinema.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

It is fashionable to have your own, family horses.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

But while most Russian children meet horses at the zoo and circus (just like their peers in other countries, they love very small horses — in Russia they are usually Shetland ponies ) [8].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horses are considered noble animals.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

In heraldry, the horse combines the symbolic qualities of several animals: the courage of a lion, the eyesight of an eagle, the strength of the ox, the speed of the deer, the dexterity of the fox, and always appears in profile in the coat of arms.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

The following names are given to this emblem in various provisions: the horse is called wild (French: gai) if it is without a bridle; bridé (French: bridé), saddled (French: sellé), covered with armor (French: bardé), blanket (French: caparaçonné); and it means exactly what color the decoration, harness or horse cover is.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

The horse is supposed to be angry, mad (French: effaré, cabré) when it rose on its hind legs, and only playing (French: animé), when the eye color is different from the color of the whole body.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horse harness was assigned not only an economic role, but also a magical one.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

In the nause, hung on a belt or cord under the horse's neck, amulets and pieces of paper with conspiracies were stored.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Alexander the Great on Bucephalus (Sarcophagus from Sidon)


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Arabian horses on Iraqi dinars, 1981


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Akhal-Teke horse on Turkmen manat, 2005


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Flag of Sivinsky District of Perm Krai


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

The heraldic horse on the coat of arms of the “Northern Country”


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horses in Bashkir mythology


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

According to ancient Bashkir mythological ideas, horses came to people from the lake, which is still called “Yilkysykkankul” (“the lake from which horses came”).


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

This lake is located three kilometers from the Shulgan-Tash cave (Kapova Cave), where the rock painting of a horse of the Late Paleolithic has been preserved [12].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

For the ancient Bashkirs, the horse cult was so closely connected with water that even the first horse was named Akbuzat — an “ice horse”.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

According to the epic “Akbuzat”, it was received by Hauben as a gift from the daughter of the padishah, the water element.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Akbuzat climbed to Hauben and all Bashkirs from under the water, from the bottom of the lake and brought herds of horses with him [12].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

In Bashkir mythology, the horse is endowed with the gift of human speech, the ability to reincarnate.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

In critical situations, it can take the form of a sacred family tree, the branches of which lift the hero up and save him from persecutors.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

On the territory of Bashkortostan in the Beloretsky District, a stone sculpture called a “stone foal” or “summer stone” has been preserved.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

It was revered as sacred, worshiped and sacrificed; it was believed that it could be used to cause or stop the rain.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

The horse was a protector of people from evil, disease and misfortune.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

It was believed that the horse's eye is endowed with a supernatural ability to see what is hidden from humans.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

As a talisman, a horse skull was installed above the hives, on the stakes of the fences and on the gates.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Magical power was transmitted to ropes twisted from horsehair or leather, they were taken with them on the road, placed next to them during sleep as a guard against snakes [13].


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

See also


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horse breeds


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horse color


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horse breeding


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Thoroughbred horse


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Yakut horse


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

List of U.S. state horse symbols


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Horse vision


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Notes


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Literature


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Matyushin G. N. Archaeological dictionary.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— M.: Education: JSC “Ucheb. lit.”, 1996.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— 304 p.: Il.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

ISBN 5-09-004958-0.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Livanova T. K., Horses.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— M.: AST Publishing House LLC, 2001.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— 256 p.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Anthony D., Telegin D. ME.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

, Brown D., The Birth of Horse Riding//In the World of Science, 1992.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

No. 2.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Gamkrelidze T. V., Ivanov V. V., Migrations of tribes — speakers of Indo-European dialects — from the original territory of settlement in the Middle East to their historical habitats in Eurasia//Vestnik drevnei istorii, 1981.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

No. 2.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Klyagin N. V., The Origin of Civilization (Socio-Philosophical Aspect), the Center of Philosophy of the Russian Academy


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— MOSCOW, 1996.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Mircea Eliade, Histoire des croyances et des ideas religieuses.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Tome I.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

De l'age de la pierre aux mystery d'Eleusis.


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Domestic horse

P.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

: Payot, 1976.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— M.: Criterion, 2002.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Gallyamov S. A. “Great Hau Ben (Historical Roots of the Bashkord-English Language and Mythology)”.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— Bashkortostan Publishing House: Ufa, 1997, ISBN 5-8258-0098-0.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

(in English)


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

References


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— an article from the Collier Encyclopedia


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— an article from the Veterinary Encyclopedic Dictionary


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— article from the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary “Agriculture”


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— article from the Archaeological Dictionary (1998)


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— an article from the Large Linguistic and Cultural Dictionary. M.: State Institute of the Russian Language named after V.I.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

A. S. Pushkin.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

AST-press.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

— an article from the dictionary “Human Ecology”//Rostov-on-Don.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

B.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

B.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Prokhorov.


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

(bbc.co.uk)


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Category:Animals described in 1758


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Category:Invasive animal species


Question: How much wool does one sheep get per year on average?

Domestic horse

Category:Cosmopolitan animals


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Mother of God [1] [2] [3] [4], Bogomater [1] [3], Virgin Mary [1], Blessed Virgin [2], Madonna [1] (~ third quarter of the 1st century BC — ~ mid-1st century AD [5]; Aram., Biblical Hebrew: “Miryam” usually translated as strong [1], beautiful [6], and also as Lady [2] [7]) is the earthly mother of Jesus Christ in Christianity [1], one of the most revered personalities and the greatest of Christian saints [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In historical churches and a number of others, it is revered as the Theotokos (Mother of God) [1] [2], Queen of Heaven (Latin: Regina Coeli) [4].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

There is no mention of the term “Mother of God” in the Bible, and Mary is called by name.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to the Gospel (,, [8]), she was [9] a girl from Nazareth betrothed to Joseph, who, as a virgin, conceived her Son Jesus miraculously through the Holy Spirit [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Mariam (Arabic:) is the only woman mentioned by name in the Quran (Sura No. 19).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

She miraculously gave birth to God's messenger and prophet Isa.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In Islam, she is known as Seide Mariam (Mrs. Mariam) and is revered as one of the most righteous women [10].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

About the name


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The personal name of Jesus' mother, Mary, goes back through Greek: Maria to the Jewish personal name Miryam, Biblical Hebrew: Rich (preposition - “bitterness, indignation).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Pentateuch, this name is given to the elder sister of the Prophet Moses.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

There is also an assumption that the name may have come from the root MRH, which means “to be obese”, and in rethinking it, “strong”, “beautiful”; cf.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

also MRR root (“to be bitter”) [11] [12] [13].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In John 2, Mary is called the Mother of Jesus ().


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In Western tradition, the main name of Jesus' mother is derived from Latin: Virgo Maria (“Virgin Mary”): English: Mary, Welsh: Y Forwyn Fair, Slovak: Panna Mária, Slovenia: Devica Marija, Finnish : Neitsyt Maria, Swedish: Jungfru Maria.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

By personal name, the mother of Jesus is also called in the countries of Islamic tradition: Arabic: Murih, Turkish: Meryem.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In Orthodox churches, the most common names that go back to Greek are: Theotos: Glory.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Mother of God (and accordingly Russian.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

, [] error: {{lang-xx}}: no text (help), Serbian: Theotokos, Ukrainian: Theotokos, Belarusian: Bagarodzitsa); Georgian:Gvtissmshobeli; Romanian: Născătoare de Dumnezzare Eu.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Cf.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

also Latin: Deipara, Esperanto: Dipatrino, English: Theotokos.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The full name of the Theotokos in the Orthodox tradition is our Most Holy Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary (Ancient Greek: Peragia Despoins, Church Slavonic: Prest'avlchitsa nasha btsa i prnodva mria).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to the church historian Socrates Scholastica, the Virgin Mary was called the “Theotokos” in Origen's work (mid-3rd century): “Origen in the first volume of interpretations on the Epistle of the Apostle Paul to the Romans, announced why it is called the Theotokos and studied this subject in detail” [14], however, this work has not been preserved.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Davydenkov O. V. assumes that the term “Mother of God” appeared in the School of Alexandria not earlier than the III century [15].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Catholic tradition, there is also the name Madonna [11] (Italian: Madonna, abbreviated.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

from Italian: Mia Donna (“my Mistress”), French: Notre Dame, English: Our Lady).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Mary's Naming in Major Christian Denominations


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Mary in the largest Christian denominations is referred to as:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Virgin (Ancient Greek: Parthos means “virgin”), because this is how She is called an angel in the Gospel.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Mother of God (Ancient Greek: Theotos, from — “God” + — “birth”), because God the Word is born through mankind, the Son of God (whom the largest Churches in Christendom consider Almighty God); at the same time, the Virgin Mary did not give birth to Divine nature itself, since Divine nature is eternal and cannot endure birth in time [16], but gave flesh to the Son of God [17].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The name “Theotokos” was approved by the Third Ecumenical Council [18]; the Conciliation Conciliation of 433 says: “In accordance with this idea of unmerged unity, we confess the Holy Virgin — Theotokos”; the term “Theotokos” is used in the texts of the dogmas of the Fourth and Seventh Ecumenical Councils [19].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

See Motherhood.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Ever-Virgin (Ancient Greek: Epipartes, from — “always, constantly” + — “virgin”), because Mary was virgin before, during and after the birth of Christ [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Gospels report Mary's virginity before the birth of Christ, while the doctrine of virginity was adopted on the basis of Holy Tradition.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This doctrine, or “post partum”, denied by Tertullian and Jovinian, was strongly defended by later orthodoxes, resulting in the development of the term “Ever-Virgin”, enshrined in the Fifth Ecumenical Council in Constantinople [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Since the 4th century, formulas similar to Augustine's have become generally accepted: “She conceived a virgin, gave birth to a virgin, remained a virgin.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The doctrine of Mary's ever-virginity was first put forward in response to the denial of Her virginity by some Gnostics, in particular Kerinth around 100 years old and pagan critics like Celsus [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

However, it was not only about the purity of conception itself, but also about the preservation of virginity during and after birth.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Catholic Church, the metaphysical nature of the birth of Jesus without destroying Mary's virginity was confirmed by Pope Pius XII's encyclical “Mystici corporis Christi” [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Sources


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Holy Scriptures


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Bible verses about Mary are divided into direct references (in the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, and Epistles), as well as Old Testament prophecies about the Virgin who should become the mother of Christ and biblical prototypes that symbolically speak of Mary's saving mission.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The expressions “Mother of God” and “Mother of God” are not directly found in the Bible.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The New Testament speaks very briefly about Mary's life, only a few episodes in it relate to the name of Jesus' mother [20] [2]:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Evangelists Matthew and Luke write more about Mary, but during the years of Christ's public ministry, there is rarely mention of the participation of the Mother of Jesus in public events, as was the case, in particular, in Cana Galilee.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Three authors of the synoptic gospels tell the story of Mary coming with Christ's brothers to the house where He was with his disciples and some people.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

John writes that Mary witnessed the crucifixion of Christ [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Prophecies


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The main Old Testament prophecy of Mary, the mother of Jesus, is considered to be the words of the prophet Isaiah Xie, the Virgin will receive in the womb, and give birth to a Son, and name Him: Emmanuel () [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In addition, church tradition refers to the Old Testament images of the Virgin the following biblical stories [2] [18]:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Jacob's ladder, as a symbol of the fact that through the birth of Jesus Christ from the Theotokos, heaven was connected to the earth ();


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Burning Bush, as a symbol of Her Immaculate Conception () (it also includes the vessel of manna given by God to the Jews during their wanderings in the desert) ();


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The words about the Daughter of Zion from Zephaniah's prophecy of the birth of Christ ().


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The gate of the temple, as a symbol of the purity of the Virgin, is in the prophecy of Ezekiel ().


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Symbolic Wisdom in Solomon's Book of Proverbs ().


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The King's wife (symbolically: Queen next to the Messiah) in the Psalm of David ().


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

And the New Testament symbolic prototype (in Catholicism), traditionally attributed to the Theotokos [2] [21] [22] [23]:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The wife clothed in the sun in John's Revelation ()


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the apocrypha


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Also, part of the information about Mary is known from apocryphal literature - “The Book of the Nativity of His Beatitude Mary and the Childhood of the Savior” and “The First Gospel of James the Younger”.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Biblical stories do not mention anything about the names of the parents of the Theotokos or their lives; there is also no mention of the circumstances of the Conception of the Virgin Mary, nor the Entry into the Temple, Not about Her life before the Annunciation, nor about Her life after Pentecost, nor about Her Assumption.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

These details of the life of the Virgin are known from the apocrypha of nameless authors.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

These apocrypha are only signed by the names of famous historical figures, but never belonged to them.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The initial sources of extra-biblical information about the life of the Virgin were the following apocrypha:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

“James's Story of the Birth of Mary” (“Protogospel of James”) second half — end of the 2nd century, Egypt [25],


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

“The Gospel of Childhood” (aka “The Gospel of Childhood According to Thomas”; 2nd century),


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Book of Joseph the Carpenter (circa 400, Egypt)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

“St. John the Theologian's Tale of the Dormition of the Holy Theotokos” (4th-5th centuries [26], but more likely the end of the 5th — early 6th centuries [27])


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Later, on the basis of individual stories taken from the apocrypha, a corpus of books of Church Tradition related to the life of the Virgin Mary was formed; these are various late legends, historical works, late homiletic monuments, hymnographic liturgical texts.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

All stories about the life of the Virgin regarding the extra-biblical narrative of Her life appear among authorized Christian authors only after the 5th-6th centuries.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Hymnographic works telling about these events appear only in the VIII-IX centuries.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Biography


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of Zechariah, priest of the Avia Line, a descendant of Aaron, from the tribe of Levi (;).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Some suggest that Mary, like Joseph, to whom She was betrothed, comes from the House of David, and thus from the tribe of Judah, and that the lineage represented in Luke's gospel was Hers, because Joseph's lineage was listed in the Gospel of Matthew [2] [28].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

She lived in Nazareth in Galilee, presumably with her parents, and while She was betrothed — a preliminary stage of Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to Her that She would The mother of the promised Messiah by conceiving Him through the Holy Spirit [2] [29].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

When Joseph found out about the conception, he was surprised, but the angel said to him, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take your wife Mary into your house, because she is pregnant with the Holy Ghost. She's going to have a son, and you're going to call him Jesus, because he'll save his people from sins.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

After that, Joseph woke up and did as the angel told him to do.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

He took his wife to his house after completing the wedding ceremony, but had no intimacy with Her.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

When She gave birth to a son, he called Him Jesus () [2] [30].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

When the angel Gabriel told Mary that Elizabeth, formerly infertile, was now miraculously pregnant, Mary hurried to visit Elizabeth, who lived with her husband Zechariah in a mountainous area, in a city in the land of Judah () [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

When Elizabeth heard Mary greeting, the baby in her womb played, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit and loudly exclaimed: “Blessed are you among women and blessed is the fetus of your womb! How did I deserve such an honor that the mother of my Lord came to me?” ().


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Mary then uttered the words now known among Catholics and Protestants as “Magnificat” [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Three months later, Maria returned home ().


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At the behest of Emperor Augustus, a census was conducted in the country.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Joseph and his family went to their hometown of Bethlehem.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

When they arrived in Bethlehem, there was no room in the hotel and had to stay in a cattle cave where Jesus was born and put in a cattle feeder () [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Eight days later, the baby was circumcised and given the name Jesus, as the angel called Him before conception in the womb.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

When the days of their purification according to the law of Moses were over, they brought the Child to the temple in Jerusalem in accordance with the requirements for the firstborn prescribed in the law of Moses ().


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

They then returned to Bethlehem, and after visiting the Magi, the whole family fled to Egypt.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

They returned to Nazareth after the death of King Herod [2] [31].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Our Lady's Nativity


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to the apocryphal Proto-Gospel of James, Mary's parents were Saint Joachim and Saint Anna.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Later, this was taught by Saints John of Damascus, Gregory of Nissky, Herman of Constantinople, Fulbert of Chartres, as well as Pseudo-Epiphany, Pseudo-Hilarius and many other teachers of the Church, this became an integral part of the Sacred Tradition.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The place of birth, as a rule, is considered Jerusalem; this is how St. Sophronius claimed and agreed with him St. John of Damascus.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to another version, Mary was born in Sepphoris near Nazareth, in Galilee.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to the apocryphal story, which became part of the Holy Tradition, the pious elderly couple, Joachim and Anna, did not have children for a long time.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

When the high priest denied Jehoiakim the right to sacrifice to God, because he “did not create offspring for Israel” [32], he retired to the wilderness, and his wife was left home alone.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At this time, they both had a vision of an angel announcing that “the Lord has heeded your prayer, you will conceive and give birth, and your offspring will be spoken about all over the world.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

After that, Anna conceived and when “her due months have passed, and Anna gave birth in the ninth month.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The date of conception - December 9 - is set based on the fact that it is 9 months away from the date of the Nativity of the Virgin (September 8).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At the same time, Dimitri Rostovsky writes: “Some said that the Most Holy Virgin was born in 7 months and was born without a husband, but this is unfair” [33].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Childhood of the Virgin


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Maria lived with Her parents until she was three years old.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The proto-gospel of James says that when the Girl was six months old, Anna put Her on the ground to see if She could stand.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Maria took seven steps and returned to her mother's hands.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Therefore, Anna decided that the Daughter would not walk on the earth until She was brought into the temple of the Lord.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

“Anna set up a special place in her daughter's bedroom, where nothing unclean was allowed, and called on the immaculate Jewish daughters to take care of the baby” [34].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Introduction to the temple


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The proto-gospel of James speaks of the upbringing of Mary in an atmosphere of special ritual purity and of “entering the temple” when Mary was 3 years old: “And now the Child is three years old, and Joachim said: Call immaculate daughters of the Jews, and let them take the lamps and stand with the lamps lit, so that the Child does not return and that She will love the temple of the Lord in her heart” [35].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Temple, Mary was met by a high priest (according to the apocrypha it was Zechariah, father of John the Baptist) with many priests.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Her parents put Mary on the first step of the stairs that led to the entrance to the Temple.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to the apocrypha, the Gospel of Pseudo-Mat


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

... when She was placed in front of the temple of the Lord, She ran fifteen steps without turning back and calling her parents, as children usually do.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

And everyone was surprised at the sight of it, and the priests of the temple were amazed [36].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Then, according to the apocrypha, the high priest, by suggestion from above, introduced the Virgin Mary into the Holy of Holies, where the high priest entered only once a year with cleansing sacrificial blood.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

During her stay in the Temple in Jerusalem, Mary was brought up together with other pious virgins, studied the Holy Scriptures, was engaged in needlework and constantly prayed [37].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Engagement to Joseph


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

However, when she reached adulthood, She could not stay at the temple, and the traditional rite for Her husband was chosen to protect Her and respect Her vow — the elderly Joseph chosen from the tribe of David The engaged man.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to another version, this happened when She was 14 years old, at the initiative of the high priest.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Moreover, Joseph was chosen from among the other suitors, because his staff miraculously blossomed.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Annunciation


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At Joseph's house, Mary worked on purple yarn for the temple curtain (a symbol of the upcoming “spinning” of Jesus' infant body from the “purple” of mother's blood in Mary's womb).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to another version, the Virgin Mary was reading the holy book of the prophet Isaiah at that time and, when she reached the words “Behold the Virgin will receive in the womb and give birth to a Son...”, exclaimed how happy She would be if She were happy to see this God's chosen one and at least be her servant.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

That's when the Annunciation took place — the Archangel Gabriel, sent from heaven by God, informed Mary about the impending birth of Her Savior.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to the Gospel of Luke, Mary was living in Nazareth at that time.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This is the first mention of Mary in the Gospels.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to Orthodox theologians, at the time of the Annunciation, the Incarnation of God took place — God put on flesh (the wording “put on flesh” is already known from the works of Irenaeus of Lyon and Clement Alexandriysky) [38].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

John Cassian, speaking about the Incarnation of God, directly points out that “Then comes the beginning of our Lord and Savior, when conception” [39].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Maria and Elisabeth Meeting


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Joseph the betrothed, seeing that the Virgin Mary was expecting a child, was upset and only out of pity for Her did not want to disgrace Her with a public accusation, so he decided to let Her go without publicity.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

But the Archangel Gabriel, who appeared to Joseph, reassured him, saying: “Do not be afraid to accept Mary your wife, for what is born in her is of the Holy Spirit; but she will give birth to a Son, and you will call His name Jesus, for he will save His people from their sins.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

After that, according to the evangelist, “Joseph accepted his wife, and did not know Her” [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

However, according to the apocryphal version, it is reported that after an angel visited Her, She was publicly tested by “bitter water cursing” unfaithful wives.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This method is recommended in the Bible () and even in the Talmudic treatise Sota.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

She was able to pass the test, which confirmed Her chastity.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Waiting for the miracle of virgin motherhood, Mary went to the home of Zechariah and Elizabeth, her relative, who had been waiting for the birth of John the Baptist for 6 months.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

When she met her, Maria uttered the most beautiful hymn “My soul magnifies the Lord.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

She lived there for 3 months, after which she returned to Joseph's house [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Christmas


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At the request of the Roman administration during the census, Mary and Joseph, as members of the David family, went to David, the city of Bethlehem, where Jesus was born, in a manger, since all hotels were are busy, and travelers had to stay in stalls.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

There they were found by shepherds (see Fig. The worship of shepherds).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On the 8th day, the child was circumcised (see Fig. Circumcision), and on the 40th day he was brought to the Temple in Jerusalem (cf. Presentation of the Lord).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

There, Simeon the God-Receiver predicted, in particular, suffering to the Mother of God (“and the weapon yourself will pass your soul”), where the iconographic symbol of the heart of the Virgin, struck by one or seven swords, appeared —” Evil Hearts Softener.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

To escape the beating of babies by Herod, the Holy Family left Israel (see para. Flight to Egypt) [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Further life


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Mary is then mentioned in the description of an incident when, at the age of 12, Jesus went to the Temple in Jerusalem and communicated with priests (cf. Jesus is among teachers) [2].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

When evangelists describe the events of the life of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary is mentioned as present at the marriage in Cana of Galilee.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

She was with Her Son in Capernaum for a while.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At Calvary, the Mother of God stood near the cross.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The dying Christ entrusted his mother to the Apostle John.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

It is only in these two gospel episodes (;) that Jesus personally addresses Mary, but He does not call Her Mother, but Woman (Greek: gúnai [gúnai]).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

He calls Her Mother only once, but not His own, but his disciple (John) in: “Then he says to the disciple: Behold, your Mother!”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to legend, the Mother of God was present at the Ascension of the Lord.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to Holy Tradition, based on the apostolic Acts, the Mother of God after Ascension remained in Jerusalem with other disciples of Christ, waiting for the promised descent of the Holy Spirit: “All they were unanimous in prayer and prayer, with some wives and Mary, the Matter of Jesus, and with His brothers” ().


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Although the Acts of the Holy Apostles do not indicate whether the Virgin Mary was among the apostles on Pentecost when the Holy Spirit descended on them in the form of tongues of fire, it is believed that the Holy Spirit descended on Her at that time [26].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to legend, the Mother of God participated in the distribution by lot of lands among the apostles to which they were to go to preach.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

She got Iveria (Georgia).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

She was about to go there, but at the behest of Jesus Christ, the Apostle Andrew went to Iberia.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Before that, the Mother of God put Her face on an ordinary board on which Her face was imprinted.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This miraculous image was given by the Virgin Mary to the Apostle Andrew, and numerous miracles took place from him in Iveria.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This icon was named Atskurskaya.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

A copy of this icon is in the State Museum of Art History of Georgia named after A.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

M. ME.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Amiranashvili [40].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to Orthodox tradition, during her earthly life, the Virgin Mary traveled to Cyprus to Lazarus.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On the way, Her ship was stormy nailed to Mount Athos, where she preached among the Gentiles, converting them to Christianity.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Sailing from Mount Athos, the Mother of God said a blessing to this place: “Behold My lot is the Son and My God! God's grace is in this place and on those who dwell in it with faith and fear, and with the commandments of my Son; with little care, all on earth will be abundant for them, and they will receive heavenly life, and the mercy of the Son will not be depleted Mine from this place to the end of the age, and I will be warm intercessor to My Son about this place and about those who abide in it” [41].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Dormition of the Virgin


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The fate of Mary after Pentecost is described in the apocrypha dating back to the 4th and early 6th centuries [26] [27].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to the apocrypha called “St. John the Theologian, the Tale of the Dormition of the Holy Theotokos”, she died in Jerusalem on Mount Zion [42].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At the proposed site of the Assumption, there is currently a Catholic Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to Eusebius of Caesarea, Mary left this world in 48 after Christmas, but other early Christian church historians and writers called both earlier and later dates [43] [44] .


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The apocrypha of “St. John the Theologian, the Tale of the Dormition of the Holy Theotokos” describes that the apostles were transferred to the deathbed of the Mother of God from all over the world on clouds.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Latin version of the apocrypha, only the Apostle Thomas did not have at the bed of the Virgin, who arrived three days later and did not find the Theotokos alive.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At his request, Her tomb was opened, but there were only fragrant veils; Mary's death was followed by Her Resurrection and Ascension (according to Orthodox tradition on the third day), and Her soul at the moment Jesus Christ himself appeared to death with a host of heavenly powers [26].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Catholics believe that after the Ascension of the Virgin Mary, Her coronation took place.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At the end of the 19th century, the House of the Virgin in Ephesus began to be considered as a possible place for the Dormition of the Virgin, where John the Theologian lived and preached, in whose care Jesus Christ gave the Theotokos.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

veneration


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Virgin Mary among early Christians


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The veneration of the Virgin by the first Christians is confirmed by the presence of her images of the 3rd century in the Roman catacombs, where Christians performed services and hid from persecution.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the catacombs, the first frescoes and images of the Virgin Mary were discovered (frescoes by Cimeteria Priscilla, “The Prophet Balaam before Mary Breastfeeding a Baby”, “The Adoration of the Magi” and others).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

These frescoes and images are still antique in nature.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

There are no features of asceticism in them, the strength and significance of the mother's body are emphasized, and expressive black eyes are emphasized and emphasized [45].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The final decision on the veneration of the Virgin was made in 431 by the Third Ecumenical Council in the context of condemning the heresy of Patriarch Nestorius of Constantinople (he considered the Virgin Mary not the Theotokos , and Christ) [46].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Orthodox tradition


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

veneration


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Orthodox veneration of the Mother of God originates from her Byzantine cult, the focus of which was Constantinople.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On May 11, 330, Constantine the Great officially moved the capital of the Roman Empire and dedicated New Rome to the Most Holy Theotokos.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This holiday is known as the “renewal of Tsargrad” and its troparion reads as follows: “The city betrays and dedicates its beginning to the Mother of God, from whom it takes its strength and longevity, to whom is kept and strengthened, and cries out to Her: Rejoice, the hope of all ends of the earth.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This dedication is reflected in the mosaic of the southern entrance to the Hagia Sophia, which depicts the Mother of God on the throne with the Child in her arms, on both sides Constantine the Great and Justinian the Great.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The first dedicates Constantinople to Christ and the Theotokos, and the second is the main temple of the empire, the Hagia Sophia.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Archaeological excavations have revealed about 200 churches dedicated to the Mother of God in Constantinople, the main of which are the Church of Our Lady Kiriotissa and the Monastery of Virgin Hodegetria, as well as the temple in Vlaherna, the temple in Chalkopratia and the Life-Giving Spring temple (Zoodochos Pigi).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Theotokos feasts


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Of the Twelve Great Feasts (“Dodecaorton”), four are dedicated to the Theotokos (dates according to the Julian calendar in brackets):


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos, September 21 (September 8)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple — Izodos, December 4 (November 21)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Annunciation to the Most Holy Theotokos — Evangelismos, April 7 (March 25)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos in Kimesis, August 28 (August 15)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The feasts of the Mother of God also include:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Memory of Saints Joachim and Anna, parents of the Virgin, September 22 (September 9)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Righteous Anna's conception of the Blessed Mary, December 22 (December 9)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Assumption of Righteous Anna, August 7 (July 25)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos — Sinaxi, January 8 (December 26)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos, October 14 (October 1)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Standing of the Holy Robe of the Most Holy Theotokos in Vlacherna, July 15 (July 2)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Position of the Belt of the Most Holy Theotokos in Halkopratia, September 13 (August 31)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Among the passing holidays, two are dedicated to the Theotokos:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Praise to the Most Holy Theotokos (Saturday of the Akathist), in memory of the miraculous defense of Constantinople from the Avars and Persians in 621, 5th Saturday of Great Lent


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Renovation of the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos at the Life-Giving Spring in Constantinople, the day of the consecration of the cathedral, in which the Virgin, according to legend, performed a number of miracles, Friday of Bright Week


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In addition to the above, the feasts of the Mother of God include numerous holidays dedicated to the miraculous and venerated icons of the Mother of God.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Worship service


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On all Mother of God holidays, as well as on the days of remembrance of the Virgin icons, clergymen and clergymen use blue liturgical vestments, which symbolizes the highest purity and purity.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Also on these days, this color is used for the clothes of the throne, altar, lecterns, air, covers and bookmarks in the altar Gospel.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the liturgy, the Mariana cult is focused on proskomedia.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The most important texts about the Mother of God are in anaphora.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

At each solemn ceremony, “The Majesty of the Virgin” (“Megalinarion”) is sung.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, it is the song “Worthy to Eat” (“Axion Estin”), and in the liturgy of St. Basil the Great it is “Rejoices About You” (“Epi si hari”).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Every day at Vespers, two Bogorodic Troparians are read, “Under Your Sweet” and “Theotokos Devo.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In addition, many akathists and hymns are dedicated to the Most Holy Theotokos (for example, the well-known hymn “Agni Parthene”), as well as kants and carols that are not used in church services.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the weekly circle of worship, Wednesdays, Fridays and Sundays are especially dedicated to the Theotokos.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Although the Byzantine Church did not celebrate the day of the Sorrowful Mother of God, a chant composed in the 10th century by Simeon Logophet, called” cross fence” (“stavrotheotokion”) or “The Lament of the Most Holy Theotokos”.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Byzantine apocrypha “The Walk of the Virgin in Torment”, which has become widespread in Russia, the Mother of God asks for some relief of their fate for convicted sinners in hell.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Domains of the Theotokos


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to Orthodox Tradition, there are areas on earth that are under the special protection of the Mother of God.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

They are called the earthly Possessions of the Virgin and there are four of them in total, these are Iveria (Georgia), Holy Mount Athos, the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and the Seraphim-Diveyevo Monastery.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Venerated icons


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Many hundreds of icons of the Mother of God are known and venerated in Orthodoxy.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In Russia, the Iverskaya, Vladimir and Kazan icons of the Most Holy Theotokos are more famous than others.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

phenomena


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

From the first centuries of Christianity to the present day, numerous apparitions of the Virgin Mary have taken place, to which many books, venerated icons, monasteries, and commemorative signs are devoted.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Orthodox Church, in memory of some phenomena, processions are held with the removal of icons, literature on the apparitions of the Virgin is distributed, and special prayers are compiled.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The apparitions and revelations of the Mother of God were ascetics and ordinary people, both obvious and in dreams.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The most famous in the Orthodox Church include:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

October 1, 910 — in the Vlaherna Church of Constantinople to Andrei the Yurodivy.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In honor of this phenomenon, the feast of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos was established (celebrated mainly in the Russian Church) [47].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

1155 — appearance to the Blessed Grand Duke Andrei Bogoliubsky, who ordered to paint the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God in memory of this event [48]


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

1385 - the appearance of St. Sergius of Radonezh.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In memory of the apparition, a holiday was established and an icon was painted [49].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

November 25, 1825 — appearance to St. Seraphim of Sarov [50].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Catholic tradition


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Catholic dogmas


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

A distinctive feature of Mary's veneration in Catholicism is the dogma of her Immaculate Conception, which implies that Mary was conceived naturally from ordinary parents Joachim and Anna, but special by the grace of God, it is completely protected from all filth of original sin [51] [52] [53].


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Back in the 17th century, the papal curia banned works that defended the doctrine of the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary, but since 1854, when Pope Pius IX elevated this doctrine to dogma, the Index of Forbidden Books became books that challenge it [54] are recorded.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to the Catholic dogma of the Ascension of the Virgin Mary, proclaimed “ex cathedral” by Pope Pius XII in 1950, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary was followed by her Ascension to heavenly glory in body and soul.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Along with the term “Ascension of the Virgin Mary”, the name “The Taking of Mary into Heavenly Glory” is used in relation to this dogma (as well as the feast of the Assumption).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the 90s of the XX century, Professor Mark Miravell of the Franciscan University in the United States filed a petition to Pope John Paul II to recognize Mary's status as coredemptrix (“Co-Redeemer”).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This initiative was sealed by more than 6 million signatures from 148 countries, including 42 cardinals and 550 bishops, but was rejected by the Vatican.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Church Fathers About Mary


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The oldest evidence of the interest shown by Roman Christians in Mary is the two frescoes of the 2nd and 3rd centuries, located in the catacombs of St. Priscilla in Rome.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Among the most famous writers and Fathers of the Church who spoke about Mary are Tertullian, Saints Hilarius of Pictavia, Zeno of Verona, Ambrose of Milan, Aurelius Augustine, Gregory the Great, Peter Chrysologue and Ildefons of Toledo.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Their creations greatly influenced the formation of the service, and some hymns, such as Saints Ambrose or Venantius Fortunata, and anaphoras are still one of the most beautiful texts of Latin worship services.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Feasts dedicated to the Virgin Mary in Catholicism


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The oldest feast of the Theotokos celebrated in Rome was the feast of the Most Holy Theotokos (January 1), which completes the octave of Nativity.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Between 550 and 595, a special liturgy was celebrated on this day in honor of Mary's virginity.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the 7th century, the custom of dedicating Mary Wednesday and Friday after the third Sunday of Advent appeared.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the 19th century, the church calendar included the feast of veneration of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated on the thirteenth day after Holy Trinity Day.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the 20th century, it was customary to honor the Immaculate Heart of Mary on the first Saturdays of the month.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Reform of the Second Vatican Council, where Mary was given the titles Advocate, Auxiliatrix, Adjutrix and Mediatrix (Defender, Intercessor, Assistant and Mediatrix) in the Constitution of November 21, 1964, arranged the feasts of the Mother of God for the entire Latin Church, establishing fixed dates for celebrations and holidays dedicated to Mary:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

January 1 — Feast of the Most Holy Theotokos;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

February 2 — Candlemas (Cleansing Mary);


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

February 11 — Feast of the Virgin Mary of Lourdes;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

March 25 — Annunciation;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

May 13 — Feast of Our Lady of Fatima;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

May 31 — Maria's visit to Elizabeth;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

August 15 — Assumption (Ascension of the Mother of God);


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

September 8 — Nativity of the Virgin


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

September 15 is the day of the Virgin Mary of Sorrows;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

October 7 — Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

November 21 — Entry into the Temple


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

December 8 — Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

December 12 is the feast of the Virgin Mary of Guadalupe.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Also in the tradition of the Latin Church, since the reform of Alquin, there is a custom of dedicating Mary the Sabbath.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This custom quickly spread throughout Western Europe and has survived to this day.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Immaculate Heart of Mary is honored on the thirteenth day after the feast of Trinity, as well as on the first Saturdays of each month.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The months of May and October are also dedicated to Maria.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The first evidence of the initiation of May is in the Kantiks of King Alphonse X the Wise.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Relics


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Many icons and statues of the Virgin Mary are revered by believers and are considered miraculous.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The most famous miraculous statues are in the monastery of Montserrat (Spain), in Mariazell in Austria and in the Mexican city of Jalisco.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Another well-known Mexican image is the Virgin Mary of Guadalupe (Mexico City).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In Eastern Europe, among the venerated images stand out the Czestochowa Icon of the Mother of God (Czestochowa, Poland) and the Ostrobram Icon of the Mother of God (Vilnius, Lithuania).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

All these cities, along with places where the apparitions of the Virgin, such as Lourdes and Fatima, are considered objects of mass pilgrimages.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In Italy, the Holy House in Loreto is revered, which, according to legend, was the house where the Virgin Mary lived and which was moved to Italy in the 13th century.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Pilgrimages to Loreto are associated with the name of the Litany of Loreto, the most famous litany dedicated to the Theotokos.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Liturgy and hymnography


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The oldest monument of a liturgical work is the Roman certificate of 215. “Apostolic Tradition”, which contains the text of the very ancient Anaphora by Presbyter Hippolytus, used in Rome.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In this thanksgiving anaphora, Mary is mentioned twice as the mother of the Savior.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

An important event for the development of the veneration of the Virgin in the West was the Council of Ephesus in 431 and its decree on the Motherhood of Mary.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Immediately after the Cathedral, Pope Sixtus III dedicated the Roman basilica on Esquilino Hill to Mary.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Later, this church became known as the “Blessed Virgin Mary the Great”.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Latin rite, where Mary has a different title than in Orthodoxy (Regina - “Queen”, Stella maris - “Star of the Sea”, etc.), Mary's evangelical song “My Soul Magnifies Gentlemen” (“Magnificat”) began to marry Vespers from the 5th century, but the famous Ave Maria plays a special role.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Among other things, “Hodie” antiphons were prescribed for Ascension and, later, for the Immaculate Conception.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the service renovated after the Second Vatican Council, the last antiphon was changed.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Another daily prayer of Rome's “Following the Hours” is the final antiphons dedicated to Mary.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

They appeared mainly in the 11th and 12th centuries, and in the 13th century they became the constant completion of all the Hours.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Over time, they were divided according to the liturgical season.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

There are Virgin antiphons “Alma Redemptoris Mater” (“Good Mother of the Redeemer”), “Ave Regina coelorum” (“Rejoice, Queen of Heaven”), “Regina coeli” (“Queen of Heaven”), “Salve Regina” (“Glory to the Queen”) and the ancient antiphon “Sub tuum praesidium” (“Under Your Protection”).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Eucharistic Liturgy, Mary is revered primarily as giving Jesus a human body, as expressed in a medieval hymn: “Ave verum Corpus, natum de Maria Virgin...” (“Rejoice the true Body, born of Mary the Virgin...”).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On August 15, 1986, the Collectio missarum de Beata Maria Virgin (Collectio missarum de Beata Maria Virgin) was published and proclaimed in Rome.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This one-of-a-kind publication contained 46 rituals of the liturgy about Mary, which gave her various forms of veneration.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

One of the authoritative and holistic documents that speak out about the liturgical and non-liturgical veneration of Mary is the pastoral constitution of Paul VI “Marialis cultus” of February 2, 1974.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Non-liturgical forms of veneration of Mary include the Angel of the Lord prayers, the Rosary, the Stabat mater and the so-called Litany of Loreto.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

phenomena


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Catholic Church also honors the apparitions of the Virgin Mary, the most famous of them are:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

352 — Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

1214 — Saint Dominic with a rosary;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

1531 — Mexican Indian Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

1830 — Saint Catherine Laboure in Paris, in the church on the Rue de Bac;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

1846 — to two young shepherds — Melanie Calva and Maximin Giraud in La Salette, France;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

February 11, 1858 - Bernadette Soubiru in Lourdes (France)


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On March 25, the words “I am the Immaculate Conception” were uttered;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

May 13 — October 13, 1917 — to three Portuguese children in Fatima;


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

It should be noted that the highly publicized apparitions of the Virgin in the second half of the twentieth century in Spanish Garabandal and Bosnian Medjugorje are not recognized by the Catholic Church as true, although private believers are not barred from considering them as such.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Mother of God in Catholic Culture


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Middle Ages, Mary appeared in icons and mosaics as a warlike, indestructible power in intercession for people.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the Catholic world, the Mother of God, under the influence of folklore and some pagan traditions in the early and middle Ages, was the personification of nature, the goddess of the mother, the first phenomenon of paradise, of transformed nature.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Hence the tradition of depicting the Madonna in nature: “Madonna of Humility”, where the Madonna sits on the ground among flowers, “Madonna on a Strawberry Bed”, etc. In the legend of Theophilos, which arose in the 13th century in the Byzantine Empire, but became especially popular in Western Europe, in particular in France (high reliefs of the tympanum of Notre Dame in Paris, the dramatic “action about Theophile”, written by Rutboef), tells the story of a young man who was in the service of the bishop.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Tired of the hardships of life, he sold his soul to the devil, and thus made a quick career, but repented and asked Mary for help, who took Theophilus's receipt from the devil.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This is where the motive of Mary as a protector of Christians comes from.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On this topic, in 1506, da Monterubiano painted a painting depicting Maria threatening a demon with a club, who in turn tries to snatch the young man entrusted to her from her patronage.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Western European icon painting in the Middle Ages gradually changed the style of depicting Madonna, as a result, she began to be portrayed as more feminine, reverently soulful (S. Botticelli, Magnificat).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In Italy, during the Renaissance, Madonna was endowed with the features of the ancient stoic ideal of equanimity (A. Mantegna, Candlemas), while in Northern Europe, against the background of the Reformation and Protestantism, it is brought closer and introduced in paintings into the traditional atmosphere of the burghers of the 16th century.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

For example, in the painting by G. David Maria spoon-feeds the baby.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Raphael gave Madonna features of ancient and Christian elements.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In his masterpieces, the image of Madonna is built on a balance of earthly beauty and majestic chastity, comfort and splendor (Madonna in Greenery, Madonna in an Armchair, Sistine Madonna).


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

This style of depicting the Madonna in icons, frescoes, sculpture, mosaics existed in the Catholic world until the 19th century.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The Virgin Mary in Protestantism


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The veneration of the Virgin Mary contradicts the main postulate of the Reformation — a one-saving faith that excludes any intermediaries between God and man, according to the Protestant interpretation of the phrase from the first epistle to Timothy:.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Nevertheless, Martin Luther still recognized Mary's ever-virginity and even the possibility of her intercession before God, and the veneration of some of the feasts of the Virgin remained in Lutheranism until the era Enlightenment


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

However, Ulrich Zwingli already rejected the possibility of prayerful appeal to the Theotokos, while the most decisive opponent of her veneration was Jean Calvin, who considered him idolatry [55], so in Swiss During the Reformation, it faded away quite quickly.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Other traditions


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Maria in Gnosticism


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Some movements of Gnosticism (for example, followers of Kerinth) denied Mary's ever-virginity.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Maria in Nestorianism


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Since, according to Nestorianism, the birth of Mary relates only to the human nature of Christ, and not to divine nature, the term “Virgin” in Nestorianism is considered theologically correct and is only permissible with reservations.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Nestorius, softening the sharpness of the preacher Anastasia put forward by him, did not propose the term “humanoid”.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

But he did not reject the term either.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

He recognized it only incomplete.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Instead, he proposed a more complete name: the Nativity.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to Nestorius, the name of the Virgin is inaccurate, because it gives rise to the idea that the Deity of Christ itself originated from the Virgin Mary.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

According to Nestorius, the idea that Christ was God from conception would be better denoted by the word God-priimitsa — theodcos.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

After all, every mother gives birth only to the body, and the soul from God.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Thus, and an ordinary mother is not a soulparent, — sukotos.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

However, beyond dogmatic reasoning, in liturgical usage, Nestorius admitted the term “Virgin”, although he was accused of being against the use of the term “Mother of God” by the people .


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The term “Mother of God” was never used only by the predecessor of Nestorius, John Chrysostom.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The veneration of Mary by Gregory the Theologian in the East Syrian Church also preceded her veneration in other churches.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

“Although this Church considers Nestorius a saint, it is not the Church founded by Nestorius,” writes Mar Aprem, a modern theologian of the Assyrian Church of the East. “Nestorius did not know Syrian, but Syrian The Church of the East, which was in the Persian Empire, did not know Greek... Only after the death of Nestorius did the Syrian Church of the East, which took no part in the Christological conflict between Nestoriy and Kirill, and did not know anything about these disputes at all during their lifetime, began, unfortunately, to be perceived as founded by Nestoriy.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

[56] Nor does the term “Christ” exist in this church.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In other ancient Eastern churches, the veneration of Mary began only in the 5th century after the recognition of Christianity as the state religion, when the former pagan temples of Artemis were dedicated to it (as, for example, in Ephesus), Isis, Astarta, and she was actually worshiped as a perfect goddess, unlike imperfect earthly women.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Therefore, despite the direct prohibition of the New Testament (there are neither male nor female among us) in the ancient Eastern Miathizite churches, earthly women could be considered imperfect, and in order to achieve greater perfection of women, female circumcision is still common among believers in many Miathizite communities.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Syrian tradition


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Christ and the secrets of the Church and saints play a special role in the liturgical calendar of the Western Syrian Church, so the Mother of God is revered in this triple perspective.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The oldest holidays are almost identical to the holidays of the Eastern Syrian Church.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On some Sundays, the Annunciation, the visit to St. Elizabeth and the Annunciation to St. Joseph are remembered.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The texts of the Mother of God of the West Syrian Church are based mainly on the poetry of St. Isaac the Syrian and James of Serug.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The liturgy contains, for example, the following text by James Serug:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

“Otrokovitsa and [...] the old woman appeared, morning and evening met in a kiss. Mary is the morning that carries the Sun of Truth. Elizabeth, on the other hand, is an evening that carries a star of light. Morning came and greeted the evening, his friend, and the evening was excited, seeing that he had taken a kiss in the morning. The young Virgin was prudent, humble, but the old woman, as soon as she accepted Her, honored Her as Mother. And as the star could not receive the Sun, it was excited and joyfully when He appeared.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

There are 3 more holidays celebrated in both the Western Syrian and Eastern Syrian Churches.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On January 15, the day of “Our Seed Lady” is celebrated, in which the Mother of God is compared to “the blessed field from which the ear of blessing (Christ) grew, saturating the hungry world.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On May 15, the holiday of “Our Lady of Ears of Ears” is celebrated.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

In the liturgy on this day, the Mother of God is also compared to the field that gives the “Bread of Life”.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On August 15, the celebration of the “Mother of God, the Patron Saint of Vines and Grapes”, combined with the Dormition, celebrates, where the Virgin is identified with “a beautiful vine that gave the world a divine bunch, and wine from Her will give water to the universe.”


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

On the same day, the glorification of the Virgin in the mystery of Ascension is emphasized and Her death was blessed.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Traditionally, the Mother of God was buried in Gethsemane between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

The celebrations of the purely Western Syrian Church are two “Feast of Congratulations” on the Nativity of the Son, the date of which is true the same as in the Eastern Syrian Church — December 26, and with his Resurrection.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Another day of the Mother of God is celebrated on June 15, when the consecration of the first church in honor of the Blessed Virgin is remembered, but the Syrian liturgical calendars do not specify the name of this church.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Coptic tradition


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Among the Copts, the veneration of Mary dates back to late antiquity.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

One of the first churches in honor of the Virgin was built in Alexandria, and Patriarch Kirill of Alexandria played a special role in the spread of the Mariana cult in the 5th century. The Copts believe that of all lands, the Mother of God especially loved Egypt, because, according to tradition, it was here that the Holy Family found refuge during the persecution of Herod.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Coptic Church researcher J.


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

Due to the heterogeneity of the Coptic Virgin holidays, Gimberardini proposed to divide them into 4 groups:


Question: Which chapter of the Gospel of John calls Mary the Mother of Jesus?

Theotokos

feasts of consecration of the churches of the Virgin.