Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

After parting with epaulettes, he found himself in difficult living conditions: for a meager pension of 28 rubles 60 kopecks per month (which was equal to 100 assignment rubles) [4], granted by the Tsar, it was necessary to maintain themselves, help a family in need, hire models, purchase materials and allowances for work.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

But his love for art kept Fedotov optimistic, helped him fight difficult circumstances and persistently pursue his goal — to become a real artist.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Creativity


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Having retired, at first Pavel Andreevich chose the battle genre for himself as a field of art, in which he had already successfully tried his hand and which in the Nikolaev era promised honor and material provision.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Having settled in a poor apartment in one of the far lines of Vasilyevsky Island, content with a 15-kopeck lunch from the kitchen master's room, he began to practice drawing and writing even harder than before sketches from life both at home and in academic classes.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

To expand the range of his battle stories, which had previously been limited to infantry, Pavel Andreevich began to study the skeleton and musculature of the horse under the guidance of Professor Zaurweid.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Of the works conceived by Fedotov at that time, but remained only in sketches, the most wonderful, according to his friends, were “French Marauders in a Russian Village in 1812”, “Wading Rangers Maneuvering Across the River”, “Evening Entertainment in the Barracks on the Occasion of the Regimental Holiday” and several compositions on the theme “Barracks Life”, composed under the influence of Hogarth.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Wit, subtle observation, the ability to notice the typical features of people of different classes, knowledge of the situation of their lives, the ability to convey a person's character — all these properties of talent that were clearly manifested in Fedotov's drawings, pointed out that genre painting was the true vocation of the artist.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

In this choice, the artist was partly helped by a letter from fabulist Krylov, who saw some of Fedotov's works and advised him to engage in genre painting.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

After listening to this advice, according to the sketches in his album, Pavel Andreevich painted two paintings in oil one after another: “The Fresh Cavalier” (1848, another title: “Morning of the Official Who Received the First Cross ”) (1846) and “The Picky Bride” (1847, based on Krylov's fable).


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Fedotov showed them to Bryullov, the omnipotent in those years at the Academy of Arts, who was delighted.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Fedotov was nominated by the Council of the Academy for the title of academician and received a cash allowance, which allowed him to continue the painting “The Matchmaking of a Major” (1848, 1851 - the second version).


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

This painting was ready for the academic exhibition of 1848, where it appeared together with The Fresh Cavalier and The Picky Bride.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

(Currently, all three paintings are in the Tretyakov Gallery, in Moscow).


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Recognition


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

In 1848, the Academy Council unanimously recognized the artist as an academician, and after the exhibition, Fedotov's name became known to the general public, and critics of praise appeared in magazines.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Fedotov's popularity was facilitated by the fact that almost simultaneously with the “Matchmaking of the Major”, a poem was known explaining the meaning of this painting, composed by the artist himself and which was distributed in handwritten copies.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

From a young age, Fedotov loved to write poems, fables, elegies, album pieces, romances, which he himself translated to music, and, at the time of his officers, soldier's songs.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Fedotov's poetry is much lower than the creations of his pencil and brush, but it also has the same advantages.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Fedotov did not attach much importance to his poems and did not print, allowing only acquaintances to rewrite them.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The poem for the “Matchmaking of the Major” was rightly considered his familiar most successful work of Fedotov's poetry.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The academic exhibition of 1848 brought Pavel Andreevich, in addition to honor and fame, a slight improvement in his financial situation: in addition to the pension of the State Treasury, 300 rubles per year from the amount allocated by His Majesty's cabinet to encourage worthy artists.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

In February 1850, in Moscow, Pavel Andreevich's family found themselves in a dire financial situation; the artist gave up everything and went to help his relatives.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

From his paintings from the St. Petersburg exhibition and from several sepia drawings, an exhibition was organized that delighted the Moscow audience even more.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Fedotov returned from Moscow satisfied, healthy, full of bright hopes and got to work again.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Now he wanted to introduce a new element into his work, which had previously been aimed at denouncing the vulgar and dark sides of Russian life — the interpretation of bright and pleasing phenomena.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

An important place in Pavel Andreevich's work was occupied by portraits, in which irony gave way to bright, contemplative lyricism.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Among them stands out “Portrait of Nadezhda Pavlovna Zhdanovich, married Werner, behind a harpsichord” (1849, Russian Museum, St. Petersburg).


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

However, despite the fact that by the end of the 1840s the artist received well-deserved recognition, even in this best period of Fedotov's work, not everything was rosy.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Censorship banned the publication “In the Evening Instead of Preference”, conceived by Fedotov and his closest friend Evstafiy Bernardsky, who joined the Petrashevtsy and went through their trial.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Nekrasov's Illustrated Almanac, for which Fedotov made illustrations, was also banned.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Fedotov described the excesses of censorship in his fables “Diligent Havronya”, “Tarpeyskaya Rock”.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

In 1851, in order to earn money, the artist embarked on the composition “The Return of the Institute to the Parental Home”, unfinished by him and replaced by another plot: “The Arrival of Nicholas I to the Patriotic Institute” also remaining only half developed.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The artist's adherence to principles, along with the satirical orientation of his work, caused increased attention from censorship, and patrons who had previously favored him began to turn away from Fedotov.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

In the painting “The Widow” (1851, 1852 — second version, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow), the image of an attractive young woman, befallen by the great misfortune — the loss of her beloved husband — is full of regret lost happiness.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Unfinished paintings “Encore, Another Encore!” (1852, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) and Players (1852, Museum of Russian Art, Kiev, Ukraine) are full of feelings of fatal absurdity of being and thoughts about the meaninglessness of human existence, anticipating the theme of absurdity in the art of symbolism.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Illness and death


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Worries and disappointment, together with the constant tension of the mind, hands and eyes, especially when working in the evening and at night, had a devastating effect on Pavel Andreevich's health.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The artist's eyesight deteriorated, he began to suffer from flushes of blood to the brain, frequent headaches, grew old beyond his years, and his very character was undergoing an increasingly noticeable change: fun and sociability was replaced by thoughtfulness and silence.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

In the spring of 1852, Pavel Andreevich showed signs of an acute mental disorder.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

His behavior was strange.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Soon, the academy was informed from the police that “there is a madman at the unit who says that he is an artist Fedotov.”


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

[5] [6]


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Friends and superiors of the Academy placed Fedotov in one of the private St. Petersburg hospitals for the mentally ill, and the Tsar granted 500 rubles for his maintenance in this institution. Despite this, the disease progressed, and in the fall of 1852, friends procured the transfer of Pavel Andreevich to the hospital of All Mourners on Peterhof highway.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Fedotov died here on November 14 of the same year, forgotten by everyone, except a few close friends.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

He was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox Cemetery [7] in the uniform of a captain of the Life Guards Finnish Regiment [1].


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The censorship committee forbade publishing the news of Pavel Andreevich's death in the press.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

During the artist's lifetime, not a single literary work was published.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

His poem “The Amendment of Circumstances, or the Marriage of a Major”, published in 1857 in Leipzig, was banned for distribution in Russia.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

In 1936, the artist's ashes were reburied in the necropolis of art masters of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra with the installation of a new monument.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Addresses in Saint Petersburg


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1834-1844 — Nikolaevskaya Embankment, 43.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1844—1849 — Vasilievsky Island, Sredny Prospekt, 56.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1849 — Vasilievsky Island, 21st Line, 8 (the house has not been preserved).


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Military ranks


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1830 - junior non-commissioned officer


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1832 — Senior Non-Commissioned Officer


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1832 — feldfebel


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1833 — warrant officer


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1836 — second lieutenant


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1838 — lieutenant


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1841 — Staff Captain


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

1844 - captain (a common erroneous statement in the literature that Fedotov retired with the rank of staff captain, stems from ignorance of the rules of order production in the Russian Imperial Army. Upon retirement, an officer who served regularly and was noted by his superiors always received the next rank)


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The value of creativity


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Pavel Andreevich Fedotov is the founder of critical realism in Russian painting.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

His work is dominated by two directions.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The first direction is dominated by drawings and sketches created under the strong influence of Hogarth.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Still poorly versed in drawing, Fedotov achieves not so much an accurate reproduction of reality as in relief flaunts universal weaknesses and shortcomings, ridicules vulgar or dark sides of modern Russian customs.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The plot of these works is complex and confusing.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Their main idea is emphasized by adding side episodes to the main scene that expresses it.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The artist does not skimp on accessories that can enhance the disclosure of the plot and sometimes completely clutter up his composition with them.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The movement of human figures, although characteristic, is angular and exaggerated.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The same should be said about faces whose type and expression turn into a grimace.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The predominant element of these works is caricature.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

As Fedotov improved, the character of his works changed, becoming less refined.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

At the same time, the typicality of the depicted figures, the meaning of their movements and the expressiveness of their faces not only did not weaken, but also increased due to the fact that the artist increasingly worked from nature without imposing on it forms and expressions imagined by his imagination, but looking for something in the real world that corresponded to these ideas.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The piling up of the composition, its explanation through various trifles gradually gave way to simplicity and naturalness.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The very idea that formed the basis of the composition became more and more serious and close to life.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Striving to go in this direction and overcoming the difficulties that arose due to insufficient mastery of technology, Fedotov, thanks to his sharp mind, rare observation and persistent diligence, achieved brilliant results.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

But the results would be even more striking if fate gave him better conditions and his life was not interrupted so brutally and prematurely.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Nevertheless, what he has done is enough to make his name forever one of the most glorious names in the history of Russian art.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

He discovered a new vein of nationality and satire that had not yet been touched by anyone before him in Russian painting, the first of all artists showed an example of its successful development and left it as a legacy that arose after him talents.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Fedotov's works in philately


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Postage Stamps USSR, 1976


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Painting “The Picky Bride”


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The painting “The Fresh Cavalier”


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Painting “Aristocrat's Breakfast”


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Notes


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Literature


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Bulgakov F. AND. Pavel Andreevich Fedotov and his works (St. Petersburg, 1893)


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Shklovsky V. B.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

The story of the artist Fedotov.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

— M.: Young Guard, 1965.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Gnedich P. P. Short story (1880)


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Kirsanova R. M. Pavel Andreevich Fedotov.


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

A commentary on the pictorial text (2006)


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

References


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

on the website “Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Anthology of life and creativity”


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

//“Tretyakov Gallery” Magazine, #2 2015 (47)


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Category:Graduates of the First Moscow Cadet Corps


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Category: 19th century Russian artists


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Category:Staff captains


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Category: Burials at Smolensk Orthodox Cemetery


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Category:Reburied


Question: At what exhibition was the first time the painting “Major's Matchmaking” was shown?

Pavel Fedotov

Category: Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife (Spanish: Tenerife) is the largest island in the archipelago of the seven Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean [1].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

With a relatively small area of 2,034.38 km² and a population of 906,800 people [2] [3], accounting for 43% of the population of the entire archipelago, it is the most populous in Spain [4] [5] [6].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

It occupies a central position relative to the islands of the archipelago and, together with the three neighboring islands of Palma, Gomera and El Hierro, is part of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife with its administrative center the city of the same name.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Toponymy


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

There are several names that various peoples have given this island throughout history.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In particular, the Guanches called it “Achinet” (Achinet) or “Chenet” (Chinet) - in various literary sources there is either one or the other version.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The ancient Romans called it “Nivaria” (Nivaria) from the Latin word nix (Nyx), which meant snow, which gives a clear indication of the snow-covered peak of Mount Teide [7].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Ancient Roman politician and lawyer Pliny the Younger (I century) tells the story of the expedition that the Berber king Yuba II sent to the Canary Islands and Madeira.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Among other curiosities, she brought huge dogs from there, which they called canaria, for which the islands themselves were called Canary Islands from the Latin word canis (dog) [8] [9].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

On the other hand, on some maps of the 14th and 15th centuries, this island was found under the name “Isla del Infierno” (Isla del Inferno), literally translated as “Island of Hell”, which is probably again due with the volcanic activity of Mount Teide.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

There are several versions regarding the origin of the current name of the island


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

According to one of them, the name remained from the Spanish conquerors of the XV century, who were amazed by the appearance of the indigenous population: they were tall, white, red-haired and blue-eyed people, whose tribes were called “guanches”.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

According to another, the name is associated with the color of the snowy peak of the island, which sailors focused on like a lighthouse [10].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

According to the third, the name comes from the Mensei (king) of the Guanche people Tinerfe El Grande, who for a long time ruled the entire island alone and in which the island achieved unprecedented power and prosperity [ 11].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

According to the generally accepted version, the modern name of the island comes from the two words “tene” (mountain) and “ife” (white), which the island was called by immigrants from the island of La Palma.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Subsequently, after colonization, the Spanization of the name led to the combination of these two words and the addition of the sound “r”, which as a result gave the now familiar name “Tenerife” [12] [13].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Geography


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife, being the largest island in the Canary Islands group, occupies a central position in the archipelago — it is located between Gran Canaria (in the east) and Gomera (in the west).


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The distance from Tenerife to the coast of Africa is about 300 km, and the Iberian Peninsula (where mainland Spain is located) is about 1,000 km.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The island is shaped like a ham.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Its length is 80-85 km (from northeast to south-west), width - from 6-12 km (in the north-east) to 45-50 km (in the south-west).


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The island has an area of 2,034.38 km² and a coastline of 342 km.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife, like the other Canary Islands, is volcanic in nature.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In the center of the island stands Mount Teide (3718 m above sea level, the highest point in Spain).


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The last eruption of the volcano on Tenerife occurred in 1909.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Formed by volcanic activity, the ridge divides Tenerife into two parts — southern and northern, whose climate varies significantly.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

To the north of the ridge, the climate is much cooler and damper, and to the south it is dry and sunny.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Climate


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife is known as the “Island of Eternal Spring” (Spanish: Isla de la Eterna Primavera).


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The island, located at the latitude of the Sahara desert, has a year-round warm climate.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Temperatures range from 20—26°C in winter and 23—29°C in summer.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The ocean plays a major role in shaping temperature.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Therefore, it is warm in autumn and there is no cold in winter, unlike mainland Spain.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

History


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Pre-colonial period


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The first people on the island appeared around the 5th century BC. e.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

and the beginning of our era was the Guanches.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

For 2000 years, they were the only inhabitants of the island, developing in complete isolation and trying to adapt to the environment in the best possible way, until this process was interrupted by the appearance Spaniards in 1496 [15].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Due to the lack of raw materials, primarily minerals, the Guanches lived at the household level in the Stone Age - they were engaged in cattle breeding, primitive agriculture, gathering, fishing and fishing shellfish, as well as handicrafts [16].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

As for the Guanche religion, it is characterized by polydeity with elements of animism.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Many idols dedicated to these gods are still preserved on the island, and multi-colored petroglyphs painted by them have still not been deciphered on the rocks [11].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In general, the Guanches were characterized by a high social organization.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Society was divided into strata, belonging to which was determined by the wealth of a person, measured in the number of heads of cattle.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The strata divided the population into “nobles” and ordinary people, over which the king (Mencey) stood.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

It is known for sure that, about 100 years before the conquest, lived in the south the legendary king Tinerfe el Grande (Tenerfe Grande) of Adeje, the son of King Sunta, who managed to unite the entire island under his rule and in which Tenerife has reached its maximum prosperity.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

But after the death of the king, his sons again divided the island into nine kingdoms (menceyatos), which later became the prototypes of the current municipalities.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

There was also an independent territory (achimenceyatos) ruled by Tinerfe el Grande's illegitimate son, Aguahuco [17].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The following are all nine kingdoms with the names of the Mensei and their descendants who ruled them, as well as their constituent municipalities:


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Taoro (Menceyes: Bentinerfe, Inmobach, Bencomo and Bentor) - included modern Puerto de la Cruz, La Orotava, La Victoria de Asentejo, La Matanza de Acentejo, Los Realejos, Santa Ursula;


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Güímar (Menceyes: Acaymo, Añaterve y Guetón) - included modern El Rosario, Candelaria, Arafo, Guimar;


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Abona (Menceyes: Atguaxoña and Adxoña) - included modern Fasnia, Arico, Granadilla de Abona, San Miguel de Abona, Arona;


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Anaga (Menceyes: Beneharo and Beneharo II) - included modern Santa Cruz de Tenerife, San Cristobal de la Laguna;


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tegueste (Menceyes: Tegueste, Tegueste II y Teguaco) - included modern Tegueste, part of the coastal strip of San Cristobal de la Laguna;


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tacoronte (Menceyes: Rumén and Acaymo) - included modern Tacoronte, El Sausal;


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Icod (Menceyes: Chincanayro and Pelicar) - included modern San Juan de la Rambla, La Guancha, Garachico, Icod de los Vinos;


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Daute (Menceyes: Cocanaymo and Romén) - included modern El Tanque, Los Silos, Buenavista del Norte, Santiago del Teide;


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Adeje (Menceyes: Atbitocazpe, Pelinor and Ichasagua) - included modern Guia de Isora, Adeje, Vilaflor.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Despite the centuries that have passed since the conquest, there are still many places on the island that, sometimes with significant changes, retain their pre-Hispanic names.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Spanish colonization


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In December 1493, the Spanish conquistador Alonso de Lugo received confirmation from the Catholic kings of his right to conquer Tenerife (by that time most of the Canary Islands were already conquered).


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

After leaving Gran Canaria, in April 1494, the conqueror landed on the coast of present-day Santa Cruz de Tenerife with 2,000 infantrymen and 200 horsemen.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

After the construction of a small fortress, it began to move inland [18].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

There was no unity among the menceyes who led the various kingdoms on the island regarding the Spanish invasion.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Some of them were for preserving peace, others for starting a war.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The first included kings Anaga, Guimar, Abona and Adeje, the second - kings Tegueste, Tacoronte, Taoro, Ikoda and Dauta.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

They stubbornly resisted the invaders for two years, during which the conquest of the island lasted.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Although Spanish troops suffered a crushing defeat at the very beginning in the first battle of Asentejo, the technical superiority of the conquistadors gave the Spaniards a significant advantage and allowed them to inflict Aborigines were defeated by a series of defeats at the Battle of Aguere and the second Battle of Asentejo and, in the end, by September 1496 forced them to stop all resistance.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

After the conquest of Tenerife, many locals, especially those who supported the war, were enslaved.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

And new diseases introduced by the conquistadors, in particular influenza and smallpox, to which the Guanches were not immune, further weakened them.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

All this made it possible over the next century to carry out mass colonization of the island by immigrants from various territories of the growing Spanish Empire (Portugal, Flanders, Italy and Germany).


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife's forest area gradually decreased as the island's population grew and land was released for agriculture, which was necessary to feed the island's population and supply food products for export.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Initially, since the 1520s, the land was used to grow sugar cane, and later other crops, such as grapes and bananas [19].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Military history


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

With the establishment of Spanish rule, the island's military history does not end.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

During the colonial wars of the 16th and 19th centuries, the island was repeatedly attacked not only by pirates, but also by the armies of other powers, primarily England.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Among them were Admiral Robert Blake, Walter Raleigh, Admiral John Hawkins and Captain Woods Rogers [20].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

But a special place among them is occupied by the attack of the English Admiral Horatio Nelson in 1797 [21].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

On the night of July 25, the British began a decisive assault on the port of St. Croix.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Nelson personally led this attack, but at the very beginning of the landing, the core fell into the elbow of the admiral, as a result of which he lost an arm and was urgently delivered to the ship [22].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

During a fierce defense organized by the head of the garrison Antonio Gutierrez, the Spaniards repelled the attack of the British, capturing a large number of prisoners.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The British were forced to capitulate on Gutierrez's terms.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

He agreed to release the prisoners back to the ships in exchange for Nelson's promise not to attack the Canary Islands anymore.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Emigrate to America


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife, like the other Canary Islands, maintained close relations with Latin American countries.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

From the very beginning of the colonization of the New World, many expeditions stopped on the island on their way to America, during which they were often joined by locals in search of a better life.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

It should be noted that along with people, certain species of plants and animals were also exported from the island [23].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

After a century and a half of relative population growth at the turn of the 1670s, difficulties in trade caused a decline in the wine sector, which was the basis for the well-being of many landowners on the island .


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

At the same time, around this time, the Kingdom of Castile realized the need to settle empty territories in South America as soon as possible in order to prevent them from being seized by other powers, as it has already happened earlier with Jamaica, colonized by the British or French Guiana and Hispaniola, ceded to France.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

This has forced many families to emigrate to Cuba and Venezuela.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The rapid growth of agriculture, especially cocoa in Venezuela and tobacco in Cuba in the late 17th century and early 18th century, further spurred the outflow of population from the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

It was especially strong in cities such as Buenavista del Norte, Vilaflor and El Sausal, which at that time were almost completely empty.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The most striking example of this relocation is San Carlos de Tenerife on the outskirts of Santo Domingo, which was founded in 1684 exclusively by immigrants from this island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Between 1720 and 1730, a total of 176 families moved from the Canary Islands to Puerto Rico.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Of these, 26 families emigrated to America in 1726, where they participated in the founding of the city of Montevideo.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

And four years later, in 1730, another group of families founded the city of San Antonio in southern Texas.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The next wave of emigration occurred in 1777 and 1783, when immigrants from the port of Santa Cruz de Tenerife were sent to Louisiana, where they participated in the development of St. Bernard [23].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Due to economic difficulties caused by the lack of raw materials and remoteness from Europe, emigration to America, especially Cuba and Venezuela, continued throughout the 19th century, until the beginning of the 20th century century.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

However, decades of policies to protect the economy of the Canary Islands, as well as the dawn of the tourism industry, have made it possible to change and reverse the situation, who have left the island for the past five centuries, are eager to return there [23].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

New story


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Since the beginning of the 19th century, the island remained an important transit point across the Atlantic Ocean not only for merchant ships and settlers, but also for travelers.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Among them were participants in the first Russian round-the-world voyage (1803-1806), English naturalist Charles Darwin during his round-the-world voyage (1831 — October 1836), as well as a Russian ethnographer Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

But the first to note the special beauty of the island in his publications was the German naturalist Alexander Humboldt, who, during his trip to America in 1799, after visiting the island, made climbing Mount Teide.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

But tourists really began to visit the island only since 1890, especially in cities north of Puerto de la Cruz - this territory became the first resort in Tenerife by ministerial decree of October 13, 1955 years [24].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

From 1833 to 1927, Santa Cruz de Tenerife was the only capital of the Canary Islands, until Las Palmas de Gran Canaria was granted capital status in 1927.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In March 1936, the future Spanish dictator Francisco Franco was in Tenerife, who was sent here, away from the centers of power, by the Republican government, fearing its growing military and political influence.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

However, he managed to plot among the military, which eventually led to the outbreak of civil war and the fall of the second republic.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife is also associated with one of the largest plane crashes in the history of civil aviation.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

On March 27, 1977, as a result of a collision of two 747 Boeing in the sky of Los Rodeos Airport, 583 people were killed [25].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Archaeological sites


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

There are several archaeological sites on the island that preceded the conquest.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

These are mainly rock paintings that can be found in caves all over the island, but they are especially abundant on the southern slope of Teide volcano.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The most significant are the archaeological excavations in Los Cambados and El Barranco, areas near the city of Arona [26].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Also of great interest to archaeologists is the Cave of Achbinico (in English), which is the first Christian sanctuary in the Canary Islands [27].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Moreover, what is especially interesting is that it became so even before the Spaniards appeared on the island, when it was inhabited only by aborigines.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Another place of great archaeological interest is the territory occupied by the Kingdom of Anaga.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In general, this place is one of the richest archaeological finds on the entire island [29].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Many mummies of Guanches and mummified animals were found here, as well as stones with inscriptions, such as the “Anaga stone” [30].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

And on the opposite side of the island, in the municipality of El Tanque, another stone with inscriptions was found, called Piedra Zanata.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The inscriptions on it date back to the 5th and 7th centuries and are probably associated with the magical beliefs of the Guanches [31].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

It was found in 1992 near Mount Montana de las Flores and is kept in the Museum of Nature and Man in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

But the main archaeological attraction for tourists is the Guimar pyramids.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Only six stepped pyramids out of nine that existed before have survived to this day.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

They are located in the southeast of the island in the vicinity of Guimar.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

All of them are laid out of processed volcanic stones of rectangular shape, the upper platforms and each stage are leveled and carefully sprinkled with gravel.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Before the construction of each pyramid began, the sites were carefully leveled, and the corner stones of the pyramids were ground.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Their origin and purpose are not fully understood.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

According to one version, the Guimar pyramids owe their appearance to peasants who stacked stones found while working in the fields, according to another, they have a more sacred meaning: everything the pyramids have an astronomical orientation to the Sun, and at the top of the highest of them on the summer solstice you can observe a double sunset.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In addition, the Spanish pyramids are very similar in shape to the structures of the pyramids of Peru and Mexico, as well as the towers of Mesopotamia [32].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Historic volcanic eruptions


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Today, the activity of volcanoes in Tenerife remains at a fairly low level and does not pose a particular danger to tourists and the population of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

However, since its discovery in the 15th century, volcanic eruptions have not been uncommon.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Five volcanic eruptions on the island are well known.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The first of them took place in 1492, just on the day of the discovery of the island by Christopher Columbus: “When we passed near Tenerife, we saw a volcanic eruption. Smoke and flame, glowing lava, hum, inside the Earth — all this terrified my team,” Christopher Columbus wrote in his travel diary.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Today, it is believed that he saw the eruption of Montagna Reventada volcano, which is located 5-6 km west of Pico del Teide [33].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In 1704-1705, several eruptions of the volcanoes d'Arafo, Fasnia and Siete Fuentes occurred in various parts of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Just two years later, in 1706, the Montagna Negra volcano became more active.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The lava flow completely destroyed the city and port of Garachico, which was located on the coast about 8 kilometers north of Montagna Negra.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Although human casualties were avoided, the economic and social consequences of this eruption are still felt today.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The destruction of the port led to the fact that the island's once largest port turned into a small fishing port, and all major cargo moved to the city of Puerto de la Cruz.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The last eruption of the 18th century occurred in 1798 at Las Cañadas on the Teide on the south side of Pico Viejo.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Finally, in 1909, Chinyero volcano, located about 10 km west of Mount Teide, exploded in the municipality of Santiago del Teide.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

This was the last eruption of our time [33].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

However, despite their geological activity, no one was affected by all these eruptions [34].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Geology of the island


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife is a geologically active volcanic island that has been formed throughout its history as a result of successive volcanic eruptions.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Relief


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Central regions


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The main structures of the central highlands described below, in addition to Teide Peak, are the Las Cañadas caldera with the Pico Viejo stratovolcano inside, the second highest point on the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

This caldera, with an area of about 130 km, was created during a number of geological processes, described in more detail in the Geological Origins section.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Inside the caldera stands the ancient stratovolcano Pico Viejo, and is surrounded by numerous rock fragments and rock structures, such as Scala de Garcia and Roque Cinchado.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Los Azulejos rocks have also become very famous, which, due to the activities of hydrothermal vents, have acquired a greenish tint [22] [35] [36].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

To the south of Pico Viejo are the Montaña de Guajara cliffs, which form an amphitheater around the caldera, up to 2,718 meters high.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

At the foot of these cliffs is a drainless pool of small sedimentary rocks better known as Llano de Ucanca.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Teide Peak itself rises 3,718 meters above sea level and more than 7,500 meters above the ocean floor and is the highest point in Spain and the Atlantic Ocean as a whole.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The volcano is a symbol of Tenerife and a natural monument of the Canary archipelago.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Its central position, significant size, snowy landscape give it a unique individuality [37].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Since 1954, Mount Teide and its surrounding area have been declared a national park, and in June 2007 it was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site [38].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Teide is included in the list of 16 volcanoes of the decade by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI), which deserve special study in the light of their history, major destructive eruptions and proximity to densely populated areas.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Mountain ranges


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Anaga mountain range is located in the north-eastern part of the island


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

and although the average heights are small there, it has a complex winding relief.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The highest point of the massif is Cruz de Taborno, 1024 meters high.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The surface of the massif is covered with a dense network of dykes crossing it crosswise.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

For 5.7 million years, since its formation, the rocks of the massif have been subjected to intensive erosion processes, which, combined with a dense network of dykes covering the massif, led to the surface of numerous phonolite and trachytic rocks.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

At the same time, the massif is covered with numerous deep ravines with steep rocky slopes.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The coast of the Anaga massif is mainly steep cliffs, there are very few beaches here, but those that exist are confined to the mouths of ravines and consist of black sand [22] [36] [39].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The Teno mountain range is located in the northwestern part of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The age of its breeds is slightly longer — 7.4 million years.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Like the Anaga massif, its surface is cut by numerous ravines — a consequence of prolonged erosion processes.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The highest point of the massif is Mount Gala, 1342 meters high.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

On the southern coast of the massif, you can see a unique landscape — the Los Gigantis cliffs, with vertical steep walls, in places up to 500 meters high.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

These rocks go only 30 meters deep.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

There are also occasionally ravines facing the shore, in the mouths of which sandy and pebble beaches form [22] [36] [39].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The Adeje Mountains are located in the southern part of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The highest point of the massif is Roque del Conde mountain, 1001 meters high.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

This massif is made up of the oldest rocks on the island, more than 11 million years old.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Therefore, it suffered the most from erosion processes, which throughout this time grinded its rocks and carried the products of erosion into the ocean.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

By now, it has largely lost its original appearance.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

There is the so-called “Hell's Gorge” here — a small crevice that


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

is not only a place of pilgrimage for ordinary tourists, but also of great interest from the point of view of geomorphologists and botanists [40].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Mountain ranges


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife has three main mountain ranges, which are located along the three axes of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The largest of these, the Dorsal of Pedro Gil, starts from La Esperanza, 750 meters high and stretches almost the entire island to the caldera de las Cañadas, the highest point which is Isanya Peak, has an altitude of 2350 meters above sea level.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

This structure was formed during basalt eruptions through cracks along the long axis of the island [22].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The “Abeke Ridge” is a chain of volcanoes along the other axis of the island that connect to the Teide-Pico Viejo peak of the central Teno mountain range.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Here is the Ciniero volcano, the last eruption of which took place in 1909 [39].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The “De Adeje Ridge” (“southern ridge”) runs along the third axis of the island and is the most destroyed structure by erosion processes.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Along the ridge, you can find remains of volcanic cones and stones scattered in the southern part of the island [36].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Also at the tail of the island is the small “Anaga Range”, which runs from east to west, separating the Valleys of San Andreas in the south and Taganana in the north.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Valleys and ravines


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The valleys are another feature of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The most significant of these are the La Orotava Valley (in English) and the Guimar Valley (in English), which were formed by the sliding of large masses of land towards the sea.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

There are other valleys in different parts of the island, but different processes are responsible for their formation.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

As a rule, they are located between hills and are accumulations of precipitation from nearby slopes or simply wide ravines that have evolved into typical valleys [22] [36] [39].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife also has a large number of ravines, which are a characteristic element of the island's landscape.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The reason for this is erosion processes from the surface runoff of rainwater.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The largest ravines are Ruiz, Fasnia, Guimar, Inferno and Erkes.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

All of them have been declared specially protected natural areas of the Canary Islands [22] [36] [39].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

shoreline


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The island's shores are mostly rocky and steep, especially on the north side of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

However, the island has about 67.14 km of excellent sandy beaches, such as El Médano (in English), which are second only to those of the neighboring island of Fuerteventura [41].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The northern side of the island is dominated by pebbly and black sand beaches, while the beaches on the south and south-west sides are covered with much finer and lighter sand brought by the wind from Africa [22] [36] [39].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

With the development of tourism, the authorities began to improve the beaches in resort areas and white sand was imported for many.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Thus, you can see both the usual snow-white and amazing black beaches here [42].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Volcanic tubes


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Among the various geological features of the island, lava tubes are quite large, which are tunnels in the ground through which lava flowed during the eruption.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Due to the uneven cooling, the upper layer of the lava flow solidified much faster, while inside the lava was still hot and continued to flow.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

When the eruption stopped, the lava level in the tunnel fell and long voids remained in the ground in the form of underground tunnels.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Among the many lava tubes found on the island, the most prominent is the Vetra Cave, located near the city of Icod de los Vinos, which is considered the largest lava tube in Europe and one of the biggest in the world.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Economics


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife has the highest GDP among the other Canary Islands [43], with the budget of the Cabildo of Tenerife in 2008 amounting to 906 million euros [44].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The structure of the economy can be divided into five main sectors.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Since the island's economy is based on tourism, the service sector has developed as much as possible here — its share is 78.08% of the total economic potential.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Nevertheless, other sectors are no less important for the balanced development of the economy.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Thus, the raw materials sector, despite its extremely modest size of 1.98% of total production, is extremely important for the sustainable development of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The share of the next most important energy sector is 2.85%, with special attention being paid to the development of renewable energy sources.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The development of new technologies ensures an increasing interest of investors in the industrial sector of the island's economy (5.80%), which has recently been experiencing active growth.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The construction sector of the economy (11.29%) is strategic in nature, since, being the most stable of all five, it provides numerous opportunities for development [45].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In view of all this, the island is home to the headquarters of the General Economy Corps of the Canary Islands, the oldest financial institution in the Canary Archipelago with a network of more than two hundred offices scattered across all islands of the archipelago and more than 1,600 employees [46].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tourism


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tourism as the basis of the economy began to develop on the island in the 19th century and is associated with the influx of tourists, primarily the British, who are interested in the island's agriculture.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife's economy is based on tourism.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

With its good climatic conditions, the island attracts about 3 million tourists a year.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The development of tourism began in the 1950s, and over the past half century, many private and public hotels have been built.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Most tourists visit Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Costa Adeje, a resort located in the south-west of Tenerife.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Most tourists come from England — more than 1 million people in 2017.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The second line of the rating is tourists from Germany.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Agriculture and fishing


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In addition, a small part of the Canary's income comes from the cultivation of bananas, other agricultural exports and the emergence of new services.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Agriculture has been the main economic activity in the Canaries for many years.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Wine produced from grapes that grew on rain-fed slopes was a staple until 1853.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

That year, most of the vineyards were affected by grape aphids, and production was transferred to the cochineal production.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Over time, cochineal production decreased (it was replaced by synthetic paints), and at the end of the 19th century it was replaced by the cultivation of bananas, tomatoes, potatoes and other vegetables and fruits.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Bananas, which are a staple in the Canaries, are protected in Spanish markets from foreign interference.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tomatoes are grown for export between November and April, and growing flowers and plants is a new industry.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Cereals are mainly imported.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Trade and industry


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Transportation


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

There is a road network (including two highways) and 2 international airports — North Los Rodeos (TFN) and South Rhine Sofia (TFS), which bears the name of Queen Sofia (opened in 1978).


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Public transport on the island is provided by an extensive bus network operated by TITSA, whose fleet includes the latest buses with TVs and air conditioners, and also by tram that runs between Santa Cruz and La Laguna.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Plans for a relatively small railway that would connect the capital and the southern part of the island were approved by two parties: the Tenerife Council and the Government of the Canary Islands; although the plan is still has not been agreed with the central Spanish government, and so far remains in limbo.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

sights


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Teide is a volcano on the island of Tenerife, Spain's highest point and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The height - 3718 m, the relative height above the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean - 7500 m, is the highest peak in this ocean.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Tenerife is the third largest volcanic island in the world, and the 17 km volcano crater is also the third in the world (the first two are in Hawaii).


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The Auditorio of Tenerife is one of the most famous and recognizable buildings in Spain, a symbol of the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and one of the main attractions of the Canary Islands.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

San Cristobal de la Laguna is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Spain.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Candelaria Basilica — The temple is consecrated in honor of the Virgin Mary, Our Lady of Candelaria, patron saint of the Canary Islands [48] and is the largest sanctuary in the Canary Islands.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

[49] The temple is a pilgrimage center.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Guimar Pyramids — on the island there are six stepped pyramids of unknown origin.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The excavations were carried out by the famous Norwegian pioneer Thor Heyerdahl.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

A museum has been created around the pyramids with a significant exhibition dedicated to Heyerdahl, among the exhibits is a copy of the Ra-II boat


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Acantilado de los Gigantes is the resort town of Los Gigantes in the southwest of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

It differs in that the height of coastal rocky cliffs in some places reaches 500 meters above sea level.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Infierno is a nature reserve, and until 2009 it was a popular tourist route.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Masca is an ancient Canarian village and gorge in the west of the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The most popular hiking route on the island.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The ancient town of Puerto de la Cruz is located in the picturesque northern part of the island, with the unique lush monteverde vegetation.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

The city has a large zoological park Loro Park (parrot park and dolphinarium), a botanical garden and an orchid garden.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Siam Park is a water park in Costa Adeje.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Diving in Tenerife [50] — dive sites and places for diving and freediving, sunken ships and fauna of the underwater world of the volcanic island of Tenerife.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

In addition to popular destinations, the island has many little-known attractions, such as natural pools, black beaches in the north, hiking trails in Anaga, and Teno Park [51].


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

La Orotava is a city with a well-preserved historical center.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Notes


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Literature


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Sanko L. A., Malyshev A. I., Volchek E.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

N. Mineralogical features and material composition of some rocks of Mount Teide (Fr. Tenerife, Spain)//Problems of mineralogy, petrography and metallogeny.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Scientific readings in memory of PN Chirvinsky.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

— 2015.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

— No.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

— P. 44-52.


Question: What is the name of Tenerife's largest lake?

Tenerife

Guanches


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The First Republic of Armenia, the official name is the Republic of Armenia, other names: Democratic Republic of Armenia, Ararat Republic, Republic of Yerevan is an independent state, proclaimed in the south-west of Transcaucasia on May 28, 1918 [1] in Tiflis (now Tbilisi), during the collapse of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federal Republic.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The independent Armenian state claimed the territory of Erivan province and Kars region, as well as part of the territory of Elizavetpol province (Zangezur district, mountainous parts of Jevanshir, Karyaginsky, Shusha, Kazakh and Elizavetpol districts) and Tiflis province (Akhalkalak and Borchalinsky districts) of the former Russian Empire [2], which approximately corresponded to the territory historical Eastern Armenia.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Under the Treaty of Sevres of 1920 (not ratified or entered into force), most of the Van, Erzurum, Trabzon and Bitlis vilayets of the Ottoman Empire were also recognized as it ( historical Western Armenia).


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

History


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In 1918, after centuries of foreign domination, Armenia became an independent state again.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

However, the national revival was preceded by the greatest tragedy in the history of the Armenian people.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

During 1915 and 1916, approximately 2 million Armenians of the Ottoman Empire were either exterminated or deported to the Syrian desert by the Ottoman government, and in 1918 almost two million Armenians in Transcaucasia, having found itself outside the Russian border after the revolution, threatened destruction during the ruthless Turkish invasion.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The gravitation of Russian Armenians, who desperately clung to Russia as the only means of salvation, was aggravated by the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and the conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty in March 1918.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

This agreement not only returned the territories occupied by Russia to Turkey, but also allowed the Turks to annex the areas of Kars, Ardahan and Batumi, and also contained a promise from the Soviet government to suppress any Armenian objections to these provisions.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Feeling abandoned by Russia and trying to maintain a common front with their neighbors in the war against the Turks, the Armenians eventually agreed to the separation of Transcaucasia from Russia in April 1918, forming a Georgia and Azerbaijan are a single Transcaucasian state.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Having become part of the Transcaucasian Federal Republic, the Armenians hoped that this would stop the Turks.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

However, the Turks proved that such hopes of Armenians were unfounded.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Turkish military contingents invaded deep into Russian Armenia.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In turn, the allies of the Armenians, Georgians, having provided themselves with the protection of Germany, and the Muslims, taking advantage of the favor of the invaders, left the Armenians alone with the enemy, declared the independence of Georgia in May 1918 and Azerbaijan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In despair, Armenian leaders were looking for a way out of the impending disaster.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

With no alternative, the National Council of Armenians then declared Armenia's independence in several districts that were still not occupied by Turkish forces.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The Turks, who controlled the most fertile regions of Transcaucasia, were four miles from Yerevan, the capital of Armenia.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

From May to October 1918, thousands of Armenians living in a barren, landlocked republic of only about four thousand square miles died of hunger and disease.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

It was a miracle to survive in such conditions.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The defeat of the central powers for Armenians was a ray of light in deep darkness.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

With the help of the allies, it was planned to annex to this small part of historical Armenia the territories of Transcaucasia captured by the Turks and directly six Ottoman provinces inhabited by autochthonous Armenians.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Only with this additional territory could Armenia become viable [3].


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

At the time of Armenia's declaration of independence, a significant part of the districts of Erivan province with a predominantly Armenian population was occupied by Turkish troops, which were already in in close proximity to Erivan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The victories won by the Armenian army in the battles of Sardarapat, Bash-Aparan and Karaklis made it possible to suspend the advance of the Turks for a certain time and eliminate the hanging over the Armenian people threat of physical destruction, but under the current conditions, the delegation of the Armenian National Council was forced to sign on June 4, 1918 the Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Ottoman Imperial the government, according to which Turkey recognized the independence of Armenia within the territory controlled by the Armenian National Council by that time, it was limited mainly to Erivan, Etchmiadzin, Alexandropol and Novobayazet districts of Erivan province, which amounted to 12 thousand km² with a population of approx.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

1 million people (including refugees).


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Under the terms of the agreement dictated by the Ottoman Empire, Turkey received fully Kars and Batumi regions, half of the Erivan province, as well as Akhalkalaki and Alkhaltsikhe districts of the Tiflis province.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

About 1,250,000 Armenians lived in the territories that were ceded to the Ottoman Empire [4].


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

On October 30, 1918, the Entente and Turkey signed the Armistice of Mudros, marking Turkey's defeat in World War I.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

It, in particular, provided for the withdrawal of Turkish troops from Transcaucasia.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In November, Turkey notified Armenia that its troops were leaving territories located outside the borders designated by the Brest Peace Treaty.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In November, Armenian troops entered Karaklis, and in early December — in Alexandropol.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In April-May 1919, the Armenian government established control over Kars, Olta and Kagyzman.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In May, Sharur and Nakhichevan were annexed to Armenia.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Thus, the Russian-Turkish border of 1914 was almost completely restored.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The Government of the Republic of Armenia supported the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh and Zangezur, who were striving for independence from Azerbaijan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In April 1920, Soviet power was established in Azerbaijan, and the 11th Army of the Red Army, which entered Azerbaijan, occupied the territory of Karabakh, Nakhichevan, Zangezur.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

By mid-June, the resistance of Armenian armed groups in Karabakh was suppressed.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

On July 28, the Nakhichevan Soviet Republic was proclaimed.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

On August 10, in Tiflis, representatives of the RSFSR and Armenia signed a ceasefire agreement, according to which Karabakh, Nakhichevan and Zangezur temporarily remained under the control of the Red Army.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Having received control of Eastern Armenian territories in late 1918 — early 1919, the Government of the Republic of Armenia did not rest on its laurels and tried to ensure a solution to the Western problem ( Turkish) of Armenia through the patronage of the Entente.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

On August 10, 1920, as a result of negotiations between the Entente countries and the states that joined them (including the Republic of Armenia), on the one hand, and Sultan Turkey, on the other, The Sevres Peace Treaty was signed, according to which Turkey recognized Armenia as a “free and independent state”, and Armenia was to gain access to the Black Sea and additional territories in within the western Armenian districts of Van, Bitlis, Erzurum and Trabzon.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

This treaty, however, has not been ratified and has not entered into force.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

By this time, Turkey was gripped by a national movement, whose leaders refused to recognize the Treaty of Sevres, and when the Armenian government embarked on an armed adventure, starting to send troops to the territory of Turkish Armenia, its troops were completely defeated by the Turkish army, and on December 2, the Dashnak government signed a humiliating peace treaty, according to which the territory Armenia was reduced to Yerevan and Gokchi districts, the number of the Armenian army was limited to 1.5 thousand people.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

, and it is armed with 20 machine guns and 8 guns.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Meanwhile, on November 29, the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed on the territory of Armenia occupied by the Red Army and the Revolutionary Committee of Armenia was created.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

On December 2, an agreement was signed in Erivan between the RSFSR and the Republic of Armenia, according to which all power was transferred to Revkom.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

1917 year


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Created as a result of the February Revolution in Russia, the Provisional Government on March 22 [O.S. 1917] formed a Special Transcaucasian Committee (OZAKOM) in Tiflis to govern Transcaucasia, consisting of members 4th State Duma from bourgeois-nationalist parties.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Mikael Papajanyan represented Armenia [5].


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In late September and early October, an Armenian national congress was held in Tiflis, which was attended by more than 200 delegates (the majority from the Dashnaktsutyun party).


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In order to coordinate and manage the Armenian national movement, the Congress created two bodies: the General Council, in which various parties and movements were represented according to the number of their members, and the National Council (Armenian National Council), an executive body consisting of 15 members: 6 Dashnaks, 2 Social Revolutionaries, 2 Social Democrats, 2 Populists and 3 non-partisan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

It includes Aram Manukyan, Avetis Aharonyan, Nikol Aghbalyan, X.Kardzhikyan, Ruben Ter-Minasyan and A. Babalyan (Dashnaktsutyun); A. Stamboltsyan and A. Ter-Oganyan (Social Revolutionaries); M. Garabekyan and G. Ter-Ghazaryan (Social Democrats); S. Harutyunyan and M. Babadzhanyan (populists); S. Mamikonyan, T. Begzadyan and P. Zakaryan (non-partisan).


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

After the October Armed Uprising, which overthrew the Provisional Government, Ozakom was replaced by the Transcaucasian Commissariat, the government of Transcaucasia, created in Tiflis on November 28 [O.S. 1917].


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

It included representatives of the Georgian Mensheviks, Social Revolutionaries, Armenian Dashnaks and Azerbaijani Musavatists.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In relation to Soviet Russia, the Transcaucasian Commissariat took an openly hostile position, supporting all anti-Bolshevik forces of the North Caucasus in the joint struggle against Soviet power and its supporters in Transcaucasia.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Even the February Revolution caused chaos and fermentation in the troops of the Caucasian Front, which since 1915 was commanded by General N. Yudenich.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The commander himself was removed in May for failure to comply with the order of the Provisional Government and transferred to Turkestan, while the army, meanwhile, gradually lost its combat effectiveness.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Most of the opposing Turkish troops were withdrawn to the south, to repel the attacks of British troops in Palestine and Mesopotamia.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

During 1917, the Russian army gradually decomposed, soldiers deserted to go home, and by the end of the year the Caucasian Front was completely destroyed.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

and the so - called Erzincan truce was concluded between Russian and Turkish troops.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

This led to a massive withdrawal of Russian troops from Western (Turkish) Armenia to the territory of Russia.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The Turkish forces in Transcaucasia were opposed by only a few thousand Caucasian (mostly Armenian) volunteers under the command of two hundred officers.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Even under the Provisional Government, by mid-July 1917, six Armenian regiments were created on the Caucasian Front at the suggestion of Armenian public organizations in St. Petersburg and Tiflis.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

By October 1917, 2 Armenian divisions were already operating here.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

and the new Commander-in-Chief of the Caucasian Front, Major General Lebedinsky, formed a volunteer Armenian corps, whose commander was General F. Nazarbekov (later Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia), and General Vyshinsky was Chief of Staff.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

At the request of the Armenian National Council, “General Dro” was appointed Special Commissar under Commander-in-Chief Nazarbekov.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Later, the Western Armenian Division under the command of Andranik also entered the Armenian Corps [6].


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

By the end of 1917, the Armenian Corps was formed as follows:


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

1st Division (Commander General Aramyan);


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

2nd Division (Colonel Movses Silikov);


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

horse brigade (Colonel Gorganyan);


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Western Armenian Division (Major General Andranik Ozanyan);


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Lori, Shusha, Akhalkalaki and Kazakh regiments.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

1918 year


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

/The transition to the Gregorian calendar in Transcaucasia was carried out on April 13, 1918. Dates before April 13 are indicated according to the old and new style, later - only according to the new style/


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Turkish offensive


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In the first half of February (according to the new style), Turkish troops, taking advantage of the collapse of the Caucasian Front and violating the terms of the December truce, deployed under the pretext of the need for protection of the Muslim population of Western Armenia, a large - scale offensive in the Erzerum, Van and Primorsky directions, occupying Erzincan in the very first days.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

In fact, the Turks in Western Armenia were opposed only by the volunteer Armenian Corps, consisting of three incomplete divisions, which did not show serious resistance to superior forces Turkish army.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Armenian troops, trying to protect the Armenian refugees who were leaving with them, withdrew from Erzincan to Erzerum with great difficulties, being hit by Turkish troops and Kurdish troops pursuing them cavalry units.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The retreat of the crowd of thousands took place in the conditions of a terrible winter and led to great casualties among Armenian refugees and troops.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The suffering to which these people were subjected could not but lead to acts of revenge against the peaceful Muslim population — all Muslim villages on the way of the retreating were burned or destroyed, the population either fled or was destroyed.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The war turned into an Armenian-Turkish massacre, in which the parties did not take prisoners and did not comply with any rules of warfare.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Turkish troops occupied Trabzon.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Transcaucasian Sejm


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

in Tiflis, the Transcaucasian Commissariat convened the Transcaucasian Seimas, which was headed by the Georgian Menshevik N. S. Chkheidze.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

It included deputies elected from Transcaucasia to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, and representatives of local political parties.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

At the very first meeting of the Transcaucasian Seimas, a heated discussion took place on the independence of Transcaucasia and relations with Turkey in view of the large-scale offensive of Turkish troops.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The Armenian side proposed to leave Transcaucasia as part of Russia as an autonomy divided into national cantons, and in relations with Turkey, to insist on the self-determination of Western Armenia.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The Azerbaijani delegation, for its part, stated that Transcaucasia should decide its fate independently of Russia, concluding peace with Turkey on the basis of refusing to interfere in its internal affairs.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

The Georgian side mainly supported the Azerbaijanis in the issue of declaring the independence of Transcaucasia and concluding an independent agreement with Turkey, since Transcaucasia simply did not have the strength to military confrontation with Turkey.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

Due to the stubborn position of the Armenian faction, the issue of declaring independence was temporarily postponed.


Question: Who was the first ruler of the “First Republic of Armenia”?

First Republic of Armenia

As for the position of Transcaucasia in future negotiations with Turkey on peace, after a long discussion, the Seimas adopted the following resolution: