Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

12 km south of the place where the Danube disappears, it gushes out of the ground — the most powerful in Germany.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The amount of water flowing out reaches 8.5 t/s [10].


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

From it, a river flows into Lake Constance, from where the Rhine flows out.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In 1877, for the first time, it was possible to prove that the Aach Key feeds on the groundwater of the Danube: 100 centners of rock salt were dissolved in the upper reaches of the Danube, not far from the cracks that absorb it, and 55 hours later this salt appeared in the waters of Aah.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

During the flood period, the underground stream passes this path in just 20 hours.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

It became clear that the water flows underground in huge caves until it breaks out in the Aakh Key from the Vimzenskaya Cave.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The height difference between the place of disappearance of the Danube and the source of Aach is 185 m. This underground river is called the Black Danube.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The path of its course has not been fully studied [9].


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Destination


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

On its way, the Danube changes direction several times.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

First, it flows through the mountainous region of Germany to the southeast, and then at around 2,747 km (the kilometer of the river is measured from the extreme point of the arm in the direction of the source) changes direction to the northeast.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

This direction continues to Regensburg (2,379 km), where the northernmost point of the river is located (49°03'N).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Near Regensburg, the Danube turns southeast, then crosses the Vienna Basin, and flows more than 600 km along the Middle Danube Lowland.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Having laid a channel through the mountain ranges of the Southern Carpathians along the Iron Gate gorge, it flows along the Lower Danube Lowland to the Black Sea itself (more than 900 km).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The southernmost point of the river is near the town of Svishtov (Bulgaria) — 43°38'N


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Delta


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In the lower reaches, the Danube, branching, creates a large swampy delta cut by a dense network of arms and lakes, 75 km long from west to east and 65 km wide from north to south.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The summit of the delta is located near Cape Izmail Chatal, 80 km from the arm, where the main channel of the Danube first breaks up into the Kilia and Tulchin arms.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

After 17 kilometers downstream, Tulchinskoye is divided into the Georgievsky arm and the Sulinsky arm, which flow into the Black Sea separately.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The Chilia arm within the borders of the territory of Ukraine creates the so-called Kilia Delta, which is the most fleeting part of the Danube Delta.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Most of the Danube Delta is covered with floodplains — it is the second largest massif of this landscape in Europe (second only to the floodplains in the Volga Delta).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The Danube Biosphere Reserve is located in the Danube Delta.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Sleeves


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The Danube has numerous branches, which sometimes significantly (10 kilometers or more) depart from the main stream.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The longest on the right bank are the branches of the Mosonsky or Gyor Danube (source - 1854 km, arm - 1794 km) and Dunera Veche (237 and 169 km); on the left bank - the Small Danube (source - 1868 km, flows into Vah), Shorokshar Danube (1642 and 1586 km), Borcea (371 and 248 km).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Tributaries


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The Danube basin has an asymmetrical shape.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The smaller part is its right-bank part (44% of the catchment area).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

But on the right bank, the tributaries of the Danube form the hydrographic grid of the basin.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The tributaries are unevenly distributed: most of them are located in the foothills of the Alps and the Carpathians, on the territory of the Hungarian (Middle Danube) lowland they are almost non-existent.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The tributaries of the Danube, which originate in the mountains, have a mountainous character in the upper reaches.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Going out to the plain, they acquire the typical features of lowland rivers and are navigable for a long time.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The tributaries that have a significant impact on the water regime of the Danube are listed in the table.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Main tributaries of the Danube [11] NamePlace of confluence with the Danube


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

(shore) Distance


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

(from the mouth)


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

kmCountries through which it flows


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

(from source) Length


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

KMillerRight~163LehRight~, 265Izarright2281,7283Innright2225.2,, 525Enright2111,8255Moravalevy1880.3,, 380Rabright1794.0, 398Waglevy1765,8402Gronlevy1716.0289Ipellevy1708.2, 233Dravapravy1382.5,,,, 720Tisalevy1214.5,,,,, 966Savapravy1170.0,,, 940Moravaright1104,5563Iskyrright637,3368Siretlevy155.2, 726Prutlevy134.0,, 950


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Isles


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The largest island of the Danube is Zhitny Island, located in Slovakia.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Other features


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

At a straight line distance between the source (Donaueschingen) and the extreme point of the delta (mark “0 km” in the Ukrainian part of the delta below the city of Vilkovo on Ankudinov Island) of 1642 km, the tortuosity coefficient of the river is 1.71.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The average decline of the Danube is 24.4 cm per 1 km.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Parts of the Danube (Danube)


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

According to the complex of physical and geographical characteristics, the Danube is divided into the following three parts:


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Upper (992 km) — from the source to the village of Genyu;


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Medium (860 km) — from Geniu to Drobeta-Turnu Severin;


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Nizhniy (931 km) — from the city of Turnu Severin to its confluence with the Black Sea.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Climate


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

mode


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The annual amplitude of fluctuations in the water level ranges from 4.5-5.5 m (near Reni) to 6-8 m (near Budapest).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Ordinary annual water consumption in the upper reaches is 420 m³/s, in the middle reaches - 1900 m³/s, at the mouth - 6430 m³/s.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The maximum flow rate of water in the lower reaches is 20 thousand m³/s, the minimum is 1800 m³/s.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The annual flow is about 123 km³ per year.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The Danube freezes only in cold winters for 1.5—2 months.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Temperatures


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The temperature regime in the Danube basin is mainly due to the nature of the circulation of air masses and the features of the terrain.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The air temperature varies in a wide range.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In winter, the average temperature of the coldest month, January, ranges from -5° to -1° C.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In summer, the average temperature of the warmest month — July — in the upper part of the pool ranges from +16 to +18° C, in the central part of the pool - from +17 to +22° C, in the lower part - from +22 to +26° C.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Winds


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The Danube basin is influenced by air masses penetrating from the Atlantic, Eastern Europe and Western Asia.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In the Upper Danube region, the prevailing winds during the cold season are westerly and north-west winds.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

On the Middle Danube, east and south-east winds prevail, on the Lower Danube - north and north-east.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

During the warm season, the direction of the prevailing winds is more constant and mainly falls on the western quarters.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

On the Middle and Lower Danube, the “koshava” wind (such as bora) is very dangerous for navigation - it has a western and north-western direction and reaches 20-30 m/s in some places.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In the coastal part of the Danube Delta, a great danger to coastal settlements is caused by surge winds (strong winds from the sea, slows down the flow of the river, and sometimes even turns back).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

With this wind, rapid flooding of coastal areas can occur.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Rainfall


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The distribution of precipitation across the basin is uneven.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The average annual rainfall on the plain is 400—600 mm, in the Carpathians — 800—1200 mm, in the Alps — 1800-2500 mm, and sometimes more.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The lowest rainfall falls in the Danube Delta.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

There are years when there is no precipitation here from early March to mid-November.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Snow cover in the Danube basin is not established, except for the mountainous parts of the Upper Danube basin.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

A characteristic feature of the ice regime of the Danube is the extreme instability of the ice phases and the different times of their onset.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In some years, ice phenomena may be absent along the entire length of the river.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

On the Lower Danube, a stable ice cover in the main channel appears once every 5-7 years.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Political geography


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

From its source to its mouth, the Danube flows through the territory or along the border of 10 states (Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova and Ukraine).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Also, the Danube basin fully or partially covers the territories of 19 states of Central and Southern Europe (except for the 10 above - Switzerland, Italy, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania and Macedonia).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

For all Danube countries, the Danube in some areas is a natural state border with neighboring countries.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Within the boundaries of the territories of individual countries, the length of the Danube ranges from 1,075 km (Romania) to 0.2 km (Moldova).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Major cities on the Danube


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Dozens of large cities are located on the banks of the Danube, including the capitals of four European countries:


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Austria — Vienna (1,597,000 people) )


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Serbia — Belgrade (1,670,000 people) )


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Hungary — Budapest (1,702,000 people) )


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Slovakia — Bratislava (425,000 people).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Other cities:


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

On the Isar tributary is the capital of Bavaria (federal state of Germany) - Munich (1365 thousand).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Regensburg — Germany


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Linz — Austria


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Vukovar — Croatia


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Novi Sad — Serbia


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Ruse, Vidin — Bulgaria


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Braila, Galati — Romania


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Izmail — Ukraine


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Shipping


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

250px|mini|right|route from the North Sea to the Black Sea


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

After the construction of the Main-Danube Canal in Germany in 1992, the river became part of the trans-European waterway from Rotterdam on the North Sea to Sulin on the Black Sea (3,500 km) (via the Rhine, whose tributary is Mine).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The volume of transport on the Danube reached 100 million tons (1987).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In the lower reaches of the Danube there is a Romanian shipping channel (the Danube — Black Sea Canal), and in the river delta there is the Ukrainian shipping channel Danube-Black Sea.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Both canals ensure the passage of large vessels from the Danube to the Black Sea.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Navigation on the Danube continues for most of the year and is interrupted only for 1-2 months.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In particularly warm winters, it does not stop all year round.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In 1999, navigation was hampered by the destruction of three bridges as a result of the bombing of Belgrade by NATO aircraft.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The riverbed cleaning was completed in 2002.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

There are 19 locks on the river, the difference between the upper and lower reaches can be from 5 to 34 meters.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The legal status of shipping


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In international law, the order of navigation on the Danube (the so-called “Danube regime”) was first established by the Austro-Turkish Treaty of 1616.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The Treaty of Paris of 1856 declared the Danube an international river.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In the same year, the European Danube Commission was established (for 2 years, but the existence of which has been repeatedly extended).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

After the First World War, the Danube regime was established in 1921, which was signed by many European states, except the USSR.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

These two commissions, the International Danube Commission and the European Danube Commission, regulated navigation and various issues related to it [12].


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

On August 18, 1948, the USSR, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia signed a new convention on the regime of the Danube at the Belgrade Conference.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

According to it, navigation on the Danube should be open to civil and merchant ships of all states.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

At the same time, military vessels of the Nedunai States do not have the right to sail on the Danube, and military vessels of the Danube States can pass outside the waters of their state only with the consent stakeholders [12].


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Catchment area


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The total area of the Danube catchment area is 817,000 km².


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Its extreme points are 42°12' and 50°05'N.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

, 8°10' and 29°40'E The length of the basin from west to east is 1690 km, width is 820 km.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The Danube basin is bordered in the north by the catchments of the rivers Weser, Elbe, Odra, Vistula, in the north-east - the Dniester, in the west and north-west - the Rhine.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

To the south of the Danube basin are the basins of the small rivers of the Adriatic, Aegean and Black Seas.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The Danube is fed by rainwater, melted snow and glaciers of the Alps and Carpathians, as well as groundwater.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Despite the difficult regime of water levels, floods, low water and winter periods are clearly traced on the Danube.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In the Upper Danube, the highest water level falls at the beginning of summer (June), the lowest in winter (December-February).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

On the section of the middle Danube, before the confluence of large tributaries (Drava, Tisa and especially Sava), the regime of water levels remains close to the upper Danube, but the amplitude of oscillations is somewhat smoothed out.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

In the Lower Danube, the highest water level falls during the flood period (April-May), the lowest is in autumn (September-October).


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The annual flow of the Danube is about 210 km³ of water.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

The water consumption is 6400 m³/s.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Energy


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Two hydropower plants — Djerdap I and Djerdap II — have been built in the Iron Gates gorge on the border between Serbia and Romania, the first of which is the largest on the Danube and one of the largest in Europe.


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Notes


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Literature


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Sapozhnikov I. IN..


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers flowing into the Black Sea


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers in Germany


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers of Austria


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers in Slovakia


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers of Hungary


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers of Croatia


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers of Serbia


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers in Bulgaria


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers of Romania


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers of Moldova


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Rivers of Odessa Oblast


Question: How deep is the Danube?

Danube

Category:Border rivers


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Zaporizhstal PJSC is a Ukrainian metallurgical plant in Zaporozhye, one of the city-forming enterprises.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

[1] It is one of the largest metallurgical enterprises in Europe and is part of the Metinvest Group (since 2011).


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2015, “Zaporizhstal” Steel Works produced 3.81 million tons of pig iron, 3.98 million tons of steel, 3.35 million tons of rolled stock.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The company is one of the largest environmental pollutants in Ukraine.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Products


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

YearCast iron, million tonsSteel, million tonsRolled, million tons2009 [4] 2,7313,2762,7492011 [5] 3,0383,8123,1712012 [5] 3,1943,7853,1492014 [6] 3,53,963,382015 [2] 3,8083,9793,3542016 [7] 3,60023,89073,36792017 [8] 3,7953,92643,21422018 [9] 4,38654,10583,5374


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The plant specializes in hot-rolled steel coil and sheet, cold-rolled sheet, coil made of carbon and low-alloy steels, as well as steel strip, black sheet, bent profile.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

“Zaporizhstal” exports its products to more than 50 countries of the world.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Among them are Turkey, Italy, Poland, Russia, Syria, Israel, Bulgaria, Ethiopia, Nigeria.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The Ukrainian market remains the strategic direction of the plant's sales policy.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

History


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The plant is located in the Zavodskoy district.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Its construction began on January 22, 1931 on the basis of the decision of the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the USSR (VSNH) of May 3, 1929 and was aimed at meeting the needs of the rapidly developing machine-building industry with sheet metal.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The plant was designed by the State Institute for the Design of Metallurgical Plants (Gipromez).


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In terms of its scale, the metallurgical plant was supposed to become the largest at that time in Europe, its design capacity was designed for 1.224 million tons of pig iron and 1.430 million tons of high-quality steel.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The metallurgical plant began operating on November 16, 1933 [11], when the first smelting of cast iron was produced at blast furnace No. 1 [12].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

This day is celebrated as Zaporizhstal's birthday.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1935, four open-hearth furnaces were put into operation [13].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1936, after the appeal of workers and engineers, the plant was named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

[14] [15]


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

As of the beginning of 1937, the plant was the largest metallurgical enterprise in the USSR (30 blast furnaces, 5 open-hearth furnaces, 6 furnaces for smelting ferrosilicon, 5 furnaces for ferrochrome smelting, Europe's first sheet rolling mill with continuous rolling of steel sheet, as well as 8,000 electric motors) and work on the expansion of the enterprise continued [16].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1937, slabing was put into operation, and in 1938, continuous broadband hot and cold rolling mills were put into operation [13].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1939, the chamotte shop of Zaporizhstal Steel Works was separated into an independent enterprise — Zaporizhzhya Refractory Plant.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1939, 1604 Polish prisoners were sent to Zaporizhstal to work at Zaporizhstal.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

This experiment failed and was completed after 7 months due to the lack of skills and desire to work among the prisoners [17].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, most of the metallurgical units and auxiliary workshops were already operating at Zaporizhstal.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The main workshops of the plant were blast furnace, open-hearth, hot and cold rolled products.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The share of the plant for the production of main types of products in the country's ferrous metallurgy system was significant, especially in the production of high-quality hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheet steel [18] (in particular, the plant provided 70% of the production of thin cold-rolled sheet for the automotive industry of the USSR) [11].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

After the outbreak of the war, the development of smelting and rolling armor plates began here, but due to the approach of the front line to the city in August 1941, the plant was evacuated to Magnitogorsk [11].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

During transportation, the question arose about how to transport rolling mill beds and other bulky heavy parts, since there were no powerful conveyors available.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Four-axle platforms were strengthened, but their overload also reached 50%.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Tender bogies of steam locomotives of the FD series were also used.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

To export Zaporizhstal's equipment, 12,435 wagons were required [19].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In September 1941, a partisan detachment was formed from the party of the Zaporizhstal and Koksokhim plants (52 people under the command of I. AND. Kopenkin), who crossed the front line on September 25, 1941 (the detachment operated in the German rear until January 1942, after which all 56 partisans went to the location of the Soviet troops) [20].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In April 1942, an underground organization began its activities in the Ordzhonikidze district of the city, the leaders of which were N. G. Gonchar, L. IN. Weiner B.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

AND. Zhivenko A. AND. Girya and E.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Ovsyuk, which by July 1943 united several dozen people, mainly workers of Zaporizhstal.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Underground workers printed leaflets, collected weapons and ammunition, staged a number of sabotage and escapes of Soviet prisoners of war.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In order to obtain the right to carry weapons and prevent the destruction of the plant, several underground workers signed up for the factory security.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

On June 28, 1943, due to poor secrecy, 40 underground workers were arrested, and on September 14, 1943, after interrogation and torture, they were shot [21].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

During the evacuation, the middle sheet mill was used for the manufacture of armor plates at the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine, the rest of the plant equipment remained mothballed [11].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

After the liberation of Zaporozhye from German occupation in October 1943, the restoration of the plant began, in which 120 enterprises from all over the USSR participated [22].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1947, the 1st stage of the plant was put into operation, on September 27, 1947, the cold rolling shop produced its first post-war products [11] - the first sheet steel echelons.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1949, the restoration of the plant was completed.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1950, the plant's production of cast iron, steel and rolled products exceeded the pre-war level [11].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1951, a workshop for the production of tinplate in coils was put into operation at the plant.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Since 1955, the plant has been carrying out measures to modernize equipment, intensify production processes in order to significantly increase production at existing facilities.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1959, a workshop for the production of cold-formed profiles was put into operation at Zaporizhstal for the first time in the USSR.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1962, the largest foundry in Europe began operating, producing molds from molten iron of the first melt.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In this workshop, for the first time in the world practice, liquid-mobile self-hardening mixtures used for the manufacture of molds and cores are widely used.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1963, the existing cold rolling shop No. 3 with the unique 2800 mill for cold rolling of large-sized stainless steel sheets was put into operation.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1967, a new 1700 rolling mill, a metal cross-cutting unit and two blocks of bell-type furnaces were put into operation [23].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1974, the first two-bath furnace DSA-1 in Ukraine was put into operation in the open-hearth shop of the plant, the capacity of which was 2.5 times higher than the capacity of a conventional furnace.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1977, the open-hearth shop introduced the technology of casting all melted steel by a non-stop method using slide gates on steel-teeming ladles.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

For the first time in the country, Zaporizhstal has mastered the production of sheets from alloyed and stainless steel grades with a special polished and polished surface finish; carbon steel strip, coated with polymeric materials, as well as the production of consumer goods — sinks and kitchen sets made of stainless steel and other products.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1994, for the first time in the practice of operating broadband rolling mills, the plant introduced on an industrial scale “transit” rolling of slabs without preheating in furnaces.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Today, 95% of slabs are rolled using this technology, and fuel consumption has been reduced from 82.5 to 13.5 kg per ton of rolled products.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The transition to “transit” rolling created the prerequisites for direct rolling of slabs with a length of 10—12 meters and a weight of up to 16 tons.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

New electric motors of the mill finishing group stands with a capacity of 7,000 kW AC each with speed control were installed to replace the obsolete DC motors with a capacity of 5000 kW, which made it possible to ensure high-performance operation of the hot rolling mill, eliminate overloads when rolling small thicknesses, ensure stable rolling of slabs weighing 16 tons, expand the range rolled strips and save energy.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2002, for the first time in the world practice, ABB AC motors with adjustable speed with a capacity of 7,000 kW were used in the electric drive of the finishing group of the 1680 mill.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Currently, further reconstruction of the 1680 mill is being carried out to ensure the rolling of hot-rolled strips with a minimum thickness of less than 2.0 mm, which meet the current level of quality indicators for geometric dimensions, surface quality, flatness and mechanical properties.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

To improve the quality of steel, a unique technology for blowing metal with argon-oxygen mixtures protected by a patent of Ukraine has been introduced in the open-hearth shop.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2004, blast furnaces No. 2 and No. 3 were reconstructed.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Both blast furnaces are among the best in the post-Soviet space in terms of their technical equipment.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The furnaces are equipped with automated control systems, modern foundry yards with chute cover and an aspiration system.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

For the first time, DP No. 2 uses shaftless devices with dome burners, which make it possible to increase the hot blast temperature to 1200°C, reduce coke consumption by 7 kg/t of cast iron.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

A station has been built to heat heating gas and combustion air supplied to the stove due to the use of heat from exhaust flue gases, which saves 10 million m³ of natural gas per year.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2006, in cold rolling shop No. 1, the thermal department was reconstructed with the construction of 18 stands of bell furnaces and a hydrogen production station from Ebner, which ensures production of high-quality cold rolled products in the amount of 276 thousand tons per year and natural gas savings in the amount of 2.5 million m³/year.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The design and technological features of high-convective hydrogen furnaces made it possible to ensure a stable production of cold-rolled steel from 08Yu steel in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9045-93 .


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The Danieli longitudinal dissolution unit was put into operation, which ensures the production of competitive products — cold-rolled strip with dense uniform winding, high-quality oiling and by weight of coils according to customer requirements.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The turbo blower with low blast parameters (G = 2600 Nm³/h, P = 1.8 atm) has been replaced with a highly efficient one with high parameters (G = 3250 Nm³/h, P = 3.2 atm), which makes it possible to save heat energy in 6900 tons of standard fuel per year.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2007, the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Ukraine, for failure to implement measures to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, charged Zaporizhstal Steel Works with damage in the amount of 5 million 122 thousand 186 hryvnia.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2007, a new air separation unit with a capacity of 60,000 cubic meters per hour was put into operation, which provides production workshops with oxygen with a purity of 99.5% (against 95-96%) and makes it possible to increase, in comparison with the current situation, the production of: oxygen — by 107.8 million m³/year; nitrogen — by 108.6 m³/year; argon — by 10.0 m³/year; krypton-xenon mixture — by 0.90 million m³/year; completely eliminate controlled oxygen emissions into the atmosphere, which accounted for 14%; ensure savings in electricity and heat.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Work is actively underway in the hot rolling shop for thin sheet.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Strapping machines for hot-rolled coils were installed at coilers 1-3, which made it possible to exclude fluffing and damage to the coils during their transportation along conveyors, to ensure stable rolling on cold rolling mills and reduce metal consumption.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

During the overhaul period, cross-cutting unit No. 2 was reconstructed for cutting coils weighing up to 16 tons.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Intermediate rewinder “coil box”.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

An intermediate rewinding device “coil box” was put into operation for winding the roll into a roll in front of the finishing group, which ensures uniform temperature distribution along the entire length of the strip and specified requirements for the mechanical characteristics of the rolled metal, and also allows you to expand the range of the mill.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Hercules roll grinding machines for profiling the working and backup rolls of the mill and a number of other measures were put into operation.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Work has been completed in the sinter shop and equipment for aspiration of air from the tail parts of the sinter machines has been put into operation.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The new complex of environmental equipment installed in the sinter shop is capable of purifying up to 1.6 million m³ of polluted air per hour, which makes it possible to reduce emissions into the atmosphere by about 2.5 thousand tons of dust per year.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The iron-containing dust captured in electrostatic precipitators is returned to production.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

On August 1, 2016, three workshops of the plant — foundry, mechanical and metal structures workshop — were separated into a separate Zaporizhzhya Foundry and Mechanical Plant.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

On June 1, 2017, four workshops of the plant, a rolling equipment repair shop, two metallurgical equipment repair shops and an electrical equipment repair shop for metallurgical shops were administratively are subordinated to the repair company in St. Mariupol - Metinvest-Promservice LLC.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Ecology


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Progress in the development of the environmental program


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

PJSC “Zaporizhstal” is an enterprise with a full metallurgical cycle and specializes in the production of hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheet, tin.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

These technological processes around the world are associated with the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere, water bodies, and the formation of industrial waste.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

“Zaporizhstal” Steel Works carries out environmental activities in the following areas:


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

improving the operation of process equipment (modernization);


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

commissioning of new, less energy-intensive metallurgical units with mandatory equipping of newly commissioned units with appropriate environmental systems;


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

modernization of existing environmental protection equipment.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

To monitor the impact on the environment, the plant operates the Environmental Protection Department (UEPA) and the Radioisotope Laboratory (RIZL).


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The UEPA constantly monitors the impact of the plant on the state of all components of the environment, sanitary and hygienic control of the state of workplaces.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

RiZL assesses the radiological situation at the plant and monitors radiation.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2000, Zaporizhstal developed and is purposefully implementing a program of technical re-equipment of the main facilities with the maximum introduction of resource-saving technologies.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Among them, a special place is occupied by the introduction of environmental measures.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2007, Zaporizhstal, due to the implementation of a number of environmental measures, reduced emissions of harmful substances by almost a thousand tons compared to the previous period, despite the fact that steel production has increased.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

A high result was achieved due to the commissioning of an aspiration unit in the sinter shop.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2001-2007, the Works allocated about four billion hryvnias of its own funds for modernization, technical re-equipment, introduction of energy-saving technologies and construction of environmental facilities.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The Dnieper River is polluted by insufficiently treated industrial effluents.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The quality of effluents after the Zaporizhstal sludge collector (“red water”) does not meet sanitary requirements.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

[26] The impact of the Works on water bodies was characterized in 2008 by a decrease in the discharge of pollutants into water bodies compared to 2007 by 4,975 thousand tons and a decrease in the discharge of return water to the Dnieper for 2.213 million cubic meters.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The plant also implemented a program for the efficient use of recycled water in technological processes and reducing discharge into the reservoir — for this purpose, 11 closed circulating cycles, due to which more than 200 thousand tons/year of iron-containing sludge are captured and returned to production, which is an additional source of raw materials and does not require additional the cost of their burial.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

To reduce environmental pollution, the plant is working and taking measures to improve the operation of technological equipment, equip emission sources and discharges by sewage treatment plants, utilization and use of industrial waste.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

As a result, all environmental indicators are improved.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The current expenses of the metallurgical plant for environmental protection annually exceed 90 million UAH, which makes it possible to effectively operate the environmental facilities of the plant and timely solve current environmental issues.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2008, the metallurgical plant introduced an integrated management system (IMS) for quality, ecology and labor protection.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In October 2008, the plant passed a certification audit and received a certificate of compliance of the IMS quality, ecology and labor protection of the plant with the requirements of international standards ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007, ILO-OSH 2001, which is a recognition of the effectiveness of the chosen environmental policy, a high level of environmental awareness and production culture.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2010, the company was awarded two diplomas of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: “For the successful implementation of the environmental management system” — certification of enterprises according to the ISO 14001:2004 system and” For the introduction of scientific and environmental developments”.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2013, a new sinter machine No. 1 was put into operation equipped with two electrostatic precipitators providing dry cleaning of sinter gases.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

It is expected that the commissioning will significantly reduce the technogenic load on the region.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2014, the Works completely reconstructed blast furnace No. 4 (BP-4), the total investment amounted to about UAH 950 million.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The modern high-efficiency dust and gas cleaning system of the blast furnace reduces emissions and provides a dust concentration at the outlet of 20 mg/m³, which complies with international standards.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Also in 2014, the plant commissioned a hydrochloric acid pickling production line (NTA-4) in cold rolling shop No. 1, built in accordance with European environmental standards.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The line was recognized as the best industrial facility following the results of the all-Ukrainian competition of buildings and structures organized by the State Architectural and Construction Inspectorate of Ukraine.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The hydrochloric acid pickling line is a unique industrial facility for Ukraine with full automation of production, which excludes the influence of the human factor on the operation of equipment.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The capacity of NTA-4 is 1.35 million tons of etched metal per year.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

After the launch of the line, emissions of sulfuric acid vapors into the atmosphere at the plant, as well as discharges of industrial water from the cold rolling shop into the Dnieper River, were completely stopped.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Investments in construction amounted to UAH 890 million.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2015, the plant carried out an expanded overhaul with elements of reconstruction of blast furnace No. 2 (DP-2), which resulted in an increase in the environmental reliability of the aspiration system and efficiency of the furnace.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The financing of the overhaul amounted to about UAH 200 million.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Dust removal at DP-2 complies with the European emission standard — up to 20 mg per cubic meter of air.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2015, the company began the final stage of the project for the reconstruction of the sinter plant.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

It is planned to equip all six sinter machines with modern gas cleaning equipment, thanks to which it is expected that emissions from the plant's sinter plant will decrease by 45%.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Total investments in environmental modernization of the sinter plant are expected to exceed UAH 845 million.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Environmental Improvement Program Failures


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The company is one of the largest environmental pollutants in Ukraine.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

PJSC “Zaporizhstal” air pollution


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Despite the difficult situation on the world steel markets, “Zaporizhstal” continues to implement the program of modernization of production.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2011, the enterprise put into operation a pulverized coal injection unit (PCI) into blast furnaces.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

This made it possible to significantly reduce natural gas consumption.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The company continues to modernize production and allocate significant amounts for environmental facilities and measures, planning to move from open-hearth production to converter production, which will significantly reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

According to the results of the visiting meeting of the Regional State Administration held in April 2010, the head of the ZDA Boris Petrov noted that there are claims to the Zaporizhstal Steel Works, which does not fulfill prescribed events.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

At the same time, the head of the region noted that there are no complaints against the employees and management of the plant, but there are claims against the owners who do not have reconstruction plans worth $1.5 billion.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

[39] [40]


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2009, Zaporizhstal assumed obligations, in accordance with a trilateral agreement signed also by representatives of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Ukraine and Zaporizhzhya of the regional council.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

According to the results of 2015, Zaporizhstal did not fulfill its obligations on treatment facilities at sinter machines No. 3-6. [42] However, during 2016 the works will be completed [43].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Owners and management


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 1997, the plant was transformed into an open joint-stock company.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

At about the same time, the controlling stake in the enterprise was transferred to the management of businessman Vasily Khmelnitsky, who was twice elected People's Deputy of Ukraine (the last time on the list of Yulia Tymoshenko).


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

By the early 2000s, the company was controlled by three groups of shareholders: Midland Recourses, British citizen Alex Schneider and Canadian citizen Eduard Shifrin (both immigrants from the USSR), West-Reserve”, which belongs to Vitaly Satsky, Chairman of the Board of Zaporizhstal, and Igor Dvoretsky, President of Metallurg Football Club, as well as businessmen Andrey Ivanov (until 2006 headed the Supervisory Board of Zaporizhstal) and Vasily Khmelnitsky, who formalized their business into the Kiev Investment Group only in the mid-2000s.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In the summer of 2006, Zaporizhstal shareholders announced an additional issue of shares, as a result of which the shares of minority shareholders of the plant were diluted.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

A little later it became known that Andrei Ivanov and Vasily Khmelnitsky sold their shares in the plant to Midland Recourses and Zapad-Reserve [44].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2010, the Midland Resources Group of Eduard Shifrin and Alex Schneider, which until recently controlled about 50% of the shares of the OJSC, sold about 10% to the Zaporizhzhya group of shareholders, which includes co-owners of Industrialbank Igor Dvoretsky, Vitaly Satsky and Arthur Abdinov [45].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2010 Vnesheconombank, through the Ukrainian Prominvestbank, fully refunded Zaporizhstal OJSC in the amount of about UAH 1 billion, which suggests that the plant has completely switched to financial management of the Russian Vnesheconombank [46].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Unknown Russian investors bought Zaporizhstal shares first from Midland, and then from other co-owners of the plant Igor Dvoretsky and Vitaly Satsky for $1.7 billion.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

This deal was financed by the Russian state-owned Vnesheconombank.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

At the same time, Rinat Akhmetov's company claimed the share of Midland, but a group of offshore companies Atinia Ventures, Parborio Holdings, Belego Holdings, Sileni Trading and Equalchance Processing offered a larger amount, which led to a lawsuit by Akhmetov.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

The lawsuit ended with an agreement providing that Midland agreed to pay Akhmetov $105 million for the failure of the transaction [47].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2011, Metinvest, which is part of Rinat Akhmetov's SCM, bought 50% of Industrial Group, which owns more than 50% of Zaporizhstal, in August 2011. Metinvest has begun replacing the company's top managers [48] [49].


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

In 2015, the form of ownership was changed from an “open joint-stock company” to a “public joint-stock company”.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Directors


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

1934−1937 — Rogachevsky, Isaak Zakharovich [50]


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

1937−1948 — Kuzmin, Anatoly Nikolaevich


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

1948−1956 — Boborykin, Anastasy Lukich


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

1956−1982 — Yupko, Lev Dmitrievich


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

1982−1986 — Gerasimenko, Alexander Alexandrovich


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

1986−2012 — Satsky, Vitaly Antonovich


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

from 30.07.2012 — Shurma, Rostislav Igorevich [51]


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Honors


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Order of Lenin (1947);


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Order of the October Revolution (1971).


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Notes


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Literature


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

N. IN. Klimenko.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Zaporizhia.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Guidebook.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

2-e izd.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Dnepropetrovsk, 1978.


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

References


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Cite journal requires |journal= (help) CS1 maint: date and year (link)


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Unknown parameter |deadlink= ignored (|dead-url= suggested) (help)


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Category:Ferrous metallurgy enterprises of Ukraine


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Category:Enterprises of Zaporizhia


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Category:Metallurgical enterprises of the USSR


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal

Category:Metinvest


Question: How many people worked for PJSC “Zaporizhstal” in 2018?

Zaporizhstal


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A visa (Latin: visus [1] - visit, visit or French: visa [2] - view, see) is a permit that gives a person the right to cross certain borders.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

As a rule, a visa is understood as an actual permit for a foreigner to enter the territory of another state.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

However, there are also “exit” visas that give the right to leave the country [3].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Visas for a particular country are usually issued by the country's consulate or embassy in another country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Accredited visa centers may sometimes also deal with this issue.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In the USSR and Russia, visas were issued by OVIRs — visa and registration departments (foreigners).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Migration control, as a rule, between countries that have concluded an agreement on visa-free regime among themselves, is not canceled.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

There is no control only between countries that are members of visa unions (for example, Russia and Belarus or countries of the Schengen zone).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Immigration control in many countries may prohibit entry to the holder of a valid visa if he violates the conditions for obtaining a visa, violating the laws of the country he is entering, or in case there are doubts about the purpose of his trip.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Citizens of the European Union have the right to travel within the EU visa-free regime.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Citizens of the United States, Israel and Ukraine have the right to cross the borders of the European Union and some other countries without a visa.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

US citizens have the right to visit Schengen countries without a visa for up to three months out of every six months, for tourism, business or transit purposes.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

At the same time, the remaining validity of a US citizen's passport must be at least three (and in some EU countries at least six) months from the date of the expected end of the trip to Europe [4].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

General information


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Usually, a visa is issued in addition to a passport intended for travel outside the country of citizenship, but in some cases it can be obtained with another identity document.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

As a rule, visas are stickers that are pasted into the applicant's passport, and also have machine-readable elements, but there are other forms of visas — inserts, stamps, visa stamps, individual documents, etc.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In particular, the insert visa was used in the USSR due to the fact that in the early period of its existence, some countries did not allow citizens who visited the USSR to enter their territory.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Entry to Israel may be restricted in some Arab countries, as well as when visiting Israel after the UAE.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

To avoid this situation, the laws of some countries allow you to legally hold a second passport in hand, and also does not prohibit you from holding a camouflage passport.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

However, Russian legislation also allows frequent traveling Russians to have a second passport in addition to the first only with the restriction that the second foreign passport can only be a new generation passport, and its validity period in accordance with Part 2 of Article 10 of Federal Law No. 114-FZ of August 15, 1996 “On the Procedure for Exit from the Russian Federation and Entry into the Russian Federation” will be 10 years old [5].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Different countries have different visa regimes and visa classifications.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Most European EU member states and their neighbors use the visa categories provided for in the Schengen Agreement.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The validity period of the visa can be limited by the time or number of visits to the country and differ in multiplicity: single entry, double entry and multiple entry.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

For the issuance of visas, except for service and diplomatic visas, duties established by domestic law or an international treaty may be levied.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The U.S. visa application is submitted electronically through the DS-160 [6]


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

History


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The first mention of the prototype of all “passers-by” or “vacation” documents and modern passports can be found in the Bible [7].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In medieval Egypt, under the Tulunids, in order to leave Egypt, an “Exit Visa” was introduced - a passport (“javaz”), in which even departing slaves had to be marked.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In the 1200s, residents leaving Veliky Novgorod already had “travel certificates”.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Later, the same papers began to be issued not only to those who left the principality, but also to foreigners who entered it.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Finally, the mechanism for issuing “passers-by” or “vacation” certificates was enshrined in the set of judicial laws of 1497.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Formally, such certificates could also be issued to slaves, but over time, the circle of those who could issue documents to serfs narrowed significantly [7].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The active use of the visa regime between the countries began at the end of the First World War to limit migration, support the country's security, and control enemy agents.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Before that, visas were generally a formality — visas in almost all countries of the world were issued at border points and were simply registration of foreign citizens without real restrictions on entry.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The stamp of the Russian consulate on an American identity card.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

1917 Italian visa in a Polish passport for visiting Italian colonies.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

1930 Swiss visa in a Polish passport.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

1931 Japanese visa ca. 1940 issued by Chiune Sugihara


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Visa types


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Each country has its own classification of visas, visa categories and visa names.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Generally speaking, visa types can be divided into two categories: immigrant visa and nonimmigrant visa.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

An immigrant visa gives a foreigner the right to live and work in the country permanently.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A nonimmigrant visa entitles a foreigner to enter and stay temporarily in the country for a specific purpose.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A nonimmigrant visa to the United States [8] allows foreigners who do not intend to immigrate to enter the country for a specific period specified in the visa.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Nonimmigrant visa


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A transit visa is issued for a short period of time to travel through the territory of the issuing country to a third country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A tourist visa is issued for a limited travel time for tourist purposes.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Saudi Arabia introduced tourist visas only in 2004 (and suspended issuance in 2010), although it has issued (and still does) pilgrimage visas for Muslims performing the Hajj.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In turn, tourist visas are divided into: C1 — up to 30 days, C2 — from 31 to 90 days, C3 — multiple entry and stay up to 90 days (valid for 1 year) C4 — the same as C3, only up to 5 years.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A business visa is issued for businessmen and persons visiting the country to establish commercial relations, conduct business, business meetings and agreements.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A work visa, its purpose is employment in the relevant country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

It is usually more difficult to obtain, but it can last longer than other types of visas, such as the H-1B [9] and L-1 visas in the United States.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A student visa, such as the Tier 4 [10] visa to the UK, is issued to individuals who come to study in the UK.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A diplomatic visa is granted to holders of diplomatic passports.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A journalistic visa, which is required by some countries, to carry out professional activities.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

It is represented by Zimbabwe, Iran, Cuba, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, USA (i-Visa).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

E-visa.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Application for this visa is carried out via the Internet, stored in a special database and linked to the passport number.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Immigration visa


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

An immigrant visa is issued to persons who intend to immigrate to another country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

It is usually issued for a single entry, so the person receiving this visa must subsequently obtain a permanent residence permit, which in turn no longer has restrictions on the number of entries and exits.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

An immigrant visa to the United States [11] is a special permit from the US authorities that gives you the right to move to the United States permanently.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A family reunification visa is issued to family members of a citizen/permanent resident of the country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A marriage visa is issued for a limited period before the planned marriage, the issuance is justified by evidence of a relationship with a citizen of the destination country, for example, the so-called fiancée visa (K-1) in the United States, valid for one year from the date of issue.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

An investment visa is issued to persons who intend to invest their own funds in the country's economy.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The United States of America is one of the few countries in the world that has an investment program, the so-called EB-5 visa [12].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

An investment visa allows investors and their families to move to America for permanent residence and then obtain citizenship.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A startup visa is issued to members of the startup team.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

US visa issued in ChinaChinese visa sampleCanadian visa sampleRussian visa sampleSample of Belarusian visa


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Exit visas


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In some countries, the practice of so-called “exit visas” existed (some continue to), which are permits not to enter, but to leave the country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In fact, this practice is a restriction on free migration and has been repeatedly criticized by various international organizations.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Since the early 1930s, the practice of exit visas has been actively used in the USSR.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

After the war, restrictions also appeared in many countries of the socialist camp.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In fact, only a few citizens of the Soviet Union had the free opportunity to go abroad, even to the countries of the socialist camp.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In addition to visa restrictions, many others (for example, financial ones) were also applied.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

To make decisions on the issuance or non-issuance of exit visas, a commission met once a month in the CPSU District Committee [13].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Special exit visas (green) were issued to persons who left for permanent residence abroad, while these persons were often deprived of USSR citizenship.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Those who retained USSR citizenship were granted legal status on the basis of the Decree of the USSR Supreme Court (Gr. Head of the family, Gr. A family member, since 1976, documents on the civil status of the DIZ form have been issued [14]).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In the post-Soviet space, Uzbekistan maintained the practice of issuing exit visas for the longest time.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Such a visa (officially “permit sticker”) valid for 2 years had to be obtained from specialized units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for all citizens of the country who intended to travel to other countries (except for some republics of the former USSR [15] [16]) [17].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The UN, however, has repeatedly criticized the continuation of this practice [18], as the issuance of exit visas can easily become a tool in the fight against opposition and dissidents in the country: “objectionable” citizens may not be issued these visas and subject them to repression [18].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In August 2017, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, from January 1, 2019, by his decree abolished “permit stickers” and introduced biometric foreign passports [19] [20].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In 2018 Turkmenistan has imposed restrictions on the departure of men — first under 30 years of age [21], and then for all citizens under 40 years of age, and restrictions are not officially announced [22].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Cuba was one of the last countries of the former socialist camp to come to the need to abolish exit visas.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Plans for cancellation were announced in October 2012, and the cancellation took place on January 14, 2013, with some exceptions.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

[23] In addition, under the new rules, Cubans will be able to spend up to 24 months abroad without losing citizenship.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

At the same time, however, the Cuban authorities reserved the right to refuse to issue a passport in exceptional cases: for example, persons who are under criminal prosecution or who have large debts , as well as “for reasons of national security”.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In the United States, during the McCarthyism years, there was a practice of restricting the departure of persons accused of “anti-American activities.”


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

There are restrictions on travel to certain countries in the United States today.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

For example, tourist trips to Cuba for US citizens are subject to significant restrictions.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The Office of Foreign Assets Control of the US Treasury [24] is responsible for issuing visas to those wishing to visit Cuba.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Currently, US-Cuban relations are on the mend.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Since September 2018, the United States has banned its own citizens from traveling to North Korea.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Violators are threatened with cancellation of their passport.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The most closed countries in the world continue to maintain the practice of exit visas.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The DPRK issues exit visas for its own citizens.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In Iran, in 2005, a Jew could only obtain an exit visa if other family members did not have an exit visa [26] [27].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

There are also restrictions in communist Nepal.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

It is necessary to obtain an exit visa if a person goes to work in another country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

These permits are issued by the Ministry of Labor [28].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Guatemalan citizens are also required to obtain exit visas, but they are also issued without much difficulty and immediately for a period of 5 years.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

There are special travel restrictions in Singapore as well.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In China, visiting Hong Kong and Macau requires a special permit for Chinese citizens, which is also very similar to the practice of exit visas.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

More original restrictions exist in the Philippines.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

There is no restriction on leaving the country, but there is a special exit tax that a person pays when leaving his country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Saudi Arabia and Qatar, on the contrary, have restrictions on foreign workers who require an exit visa.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Thus, at the end of the first exit visa, the employee must receive a document from the employer confirming the complete absence of claims from the latter.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

This document confirms that the company no longer needs the services of a particular employee.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

If there are claims, they can be considered in court, and the employee is temporarily prohibited from leaving the country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Russia still maintains the practice of exit visas, but only for foreign citizens who have overdue their stay in the country for a good reason, as well as for temporarily residing foreign citizens (since a temporary residence permit does not give the right to cross the borders of the Russian Federation: a visa foreigner who has just moved to live in Russia must apply for a visa for a temporary resident, since without he will not be able to leave Russia, and then re-enter).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Such documents are issued by the internal affairs bodies all over the world [29] [30].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A similar practice also exists in the Czech Republic.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The practice of exit visas around the world is almost a thing of the past.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

All countries, with the exception of the DPRK, do not use any strict mechanisms to prohibit their citizens from traveling abroad (in the DPRK, issues are often resolved by corruption).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

At the same time, any state reserves the right to refuse a person to issue a passport or travel abroad for any other reasons (debts, court decisions, investigation, state interests).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Soviet exit visa of the first kind (allowing temporary travel abroad) Soviet exit visa of the second kind (allowing you to leave the USSR forever) 10-day exit visa of the GDR to visit Germany.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

1988 year.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

GDR exit visa after the fall of the Berlin Wall


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Issuing visas


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The visa is issued by the consular offices of the relevant country (or group of countries) abroad (sometimes right at the border when entering).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The visa regime is an effective tool for migration policy.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

It can also be used to achieve purely political goals.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Nevertheless, globalization with a sharp increase in the number of foreign trips has made it extremely difficult to check all entrants, even taking into account the preliminary procedure for obtaining visas.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Obtaining a visa to the Schengen countries


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Visas for entry to countries participating in the Schengen Agreement are issued in accordance with the general consular instruction.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Approved by the Decision of the Schengen Executive Committee of April 28, 1999 [32]


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The regime of entry of foreign citizens into the Russian Federation


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A business visa is the most popular type of visa for businessmen.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

There are three types of business visas: single, double, and multiple entry.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Period of stay in Russia: from 1 day to 90 days (with a multiple-entry annual visa, you can now stay in Russia for no more than 90 days for every 180 days).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Single and double entry visas can be valid from 1 day to 3 months, depending on the type and what is indicated in the inviting document.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Multiple-entry visas are valid for up to 12 months (in some cases, under international agreements, up to 5 years).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

As a rule, the validity of Russian visas is not extended within the Russian Federation, visa extension is possible in exceptional cases and usually at the request of the inviting party.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Visa invitation is an invitation issued by the territorial body of the Federal Migration Service (FMS of Russia) at the request of the inviting organization.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Previously, an invitation could be issued by the Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia at the request of organizations registered in the KD, but now for commercial organizations this is possible exclusively in the Federal Migration Service of the Russian


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The state authorities of the Russian Federation, as before, can issue an invitation to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation or its territorial representative offices on the territory of the Russian Federation.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Visa-free regime


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

A visa-free regime can be established both unilaterally (for example, by Ukraine for citizens of economically developed countries) and in the order of reciprocity (bilateral or multilateral agreement, for example, the Schengen area).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

At the same time, there may be restrictions on the types of passports (for example, a visa-free regime for holders of diplomatic passports).


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Every year, the international consulting company Henley & Partners, together with the International Air Transport Association (IATA), publishes the Visa Restrictions Index, which ranks countries by visa-free access of their citizens to other countries.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

The presence of a state “A” visa may result in refusal of entry to State “B”


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Persons who have an Israeli visa in their passport (used or not) cannot enter the territory of nine countries (Bahrain, Iran, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, Sudan), even if you have a valid visa from a given Muslim country.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

In some Arab countries, an entry visa is canceled if a border crossing mark is found in the passport in Egypt or Jordan (these countries share a common border with Israel and valid points passes) even in the absence of an Israeli visa.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Also, a visa to Georgia is canceled if a person has previously visited Abkhazia or South Ossetia, entering their territory in a different way than from the territory of the Zugdidi and Gori municipalities of Georgia, respectively and it has been marked by Abkhaz or South Ossetian border guards [33].


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

However, Russian citizens can visit Abkhazia with an internal Russian passport.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Persons who have visited the territory of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic without the permission of the Azerbaijani side will be deprived of the right to visit Azerbaijan.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Persons who entered the Republic of Crimea not through the territory of Ukraine may be denied entry to Ukraine.


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

See also


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Visa requirements for Russian citizens


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Visa-free regime


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Migration law


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Federal Migration Service


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

OVIR


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Passport index


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Notes


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

References


Question: When will the visa for Russians to visit the European Union be canceled?

Visa

Category:Visas


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

William Stanley Milligan (English: William Stanley Milligan), known as Billy Milligan (February 14, 1955 — December 12, 2014) was an American citizen. one of the most famous people diagnosed with multiple personalities in the history of psychiatry.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

Milligan's personality splits numbered 24 full-fledged personalities, of which 10 were the main ones: Milligan himself (as the main person), Arthur Smith, Ragen Vadaskovinich, Allen, Tommy, David, Christine, Christopher, Adalana and Danny.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

In the late 1970s, he was tried in a well-known trial in Ohio, USA.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

Milligan was charged with several robberies and three rapes, but his lawyers claimed that his client was insane, claiming that the crimes were committed by two of his alternative personalities and without the knowledge of Milligan himself.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

As a result, he was acquitted, but sent to psychiatric treatment “until he recovers”.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

Billy Milligan was the first person to be acquitted in a trial on the basis of a diagnosis of “multiple personality” [2].


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

In 1988, after ten years in a psychiatric clinic, Milligan was found to have recovered and was discharged [2].


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

The story of Billy Milligan is told in Daniel Keys's documentary novels “The Multiple Minds of Billy Milligan” and “Milligan's Wars”.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

The basis for trusting B.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

Milligan is served by:


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

statements by his lawyers


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

statements by B.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

Milligan


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

his biography, written by a science fiction writer, a specialist in “soft” fiction, based on statements by B.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

Milligan


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

diagnosis made by a psychologist (not a psychiatrist) during the preparation of a defense in court


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

Early years


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

William Stanley Milligan was the second of three children of Dorothy Milligan and Johnny Morrison.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

My parents were not married.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

Milligan's mother, Dorothy, grew up in rural Ohio and, originally married to Dick Jonas, lived in Circleville, but after her divorce moved to Miami, where she began working as a singer.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

There she also met and met married comedian Johnny Morrison [3].


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

In October 1953, Dorothy and Johnny had a son, Jimbo, then William on February 14, 1955 in Miami Beach, and daughter Katie Joe in December 1956.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

By that time, Morrison was in a state of severe depression.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

According to biographer Daniel Keys, Morrison was “crushed by medical expenses”, which caused him to borrow a lot of money and had alcohol problems.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

In 1958, Morrison was hospitalized due to alcoholism and depression, and at the end of the same year he failed to commit suicide — according to Keys, he tried to poison himself with sleeping pills by drinking it whisky.


Question: How many personalities did Billy Milligan have?

Billy Milligan

A few months later, on January 17, 1959, 36-year-old Johnny Morrison made a new suicide attempt, and this time successful - he was poisoned by carbon monoxide.