Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President's residence is the Elysee Palace in Paris.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The castle in Rambouillet, the Parisian mansion Hotel Marigny and Fort Bregançon in the Var department also have the status of official residences.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The presidents of France are de jure co-princes of Andorra and grandmasters of the Legion of Honor.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Current constitutional attributes


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The constitutional attributes of the President of France are defined in Chapter II of the French Constitution.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 5


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President of the Republic monitors compliance with the Constitution


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Through its arbitration, it ensures the normal functioning of public authorities, as well as the continuity of the state.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

It is the guarantor of national independence, territorial integrity and compliance with international treaties.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 8


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President of the Republic appoints the Prime Minister of France; decides on the appointment of a new Prime Minister after accepting the resignation of the previous


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Upon the proposal of the Prime Minister, appoints all members of the


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 9


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President of the Republic chairs the Council of Ministers.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 10


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President of the Republic promulgates laws within 15 days following the transfer of the finally adopted law to the Government.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

It may, before the expiration of this period, require Parliament to reconsider the law or some of its articles. This new discussion cannot be refused.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 11


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President of the Republic, at the proposal of the Government during the session of the Parliament or at the joint proposal of both chambers of Parliament, which is published in the Official Gazette, may submit to a referendum any draft law on the organization of State power, on reforms relating to economic or social policy and the public services that promote them, no treaty that, while not in conflict with the Constitution, would have an impact on the functioning of institutions.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

When a referendum is organized at the proposal of the Government, the latter makes a statement to each chamber, which is subject to subsequent discussion.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

When the bill is approved by referendum, the President of the Republic promulgates the law within 15 days after the announcement of the results of the vote.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 12


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President of the Republic may, after consultation with the Prime Minister and the Presidents of the Chambers, announce the dissolution of the National Assembly


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

General elections are held no earlier than 20 days and no later than 40 days after dissolution.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The National Assembly meets rightfully on the second Thursday after the elections.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

If this meeting takes place outside the dates of the regular session, the session shall be opened for a period of 15 days.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

A new dissolution cannot be carried out during the year following these elections.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 13


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President of the Republic signs ordinances and decrees adopted by the Council of Ministers.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

He appoints to civilian and military public positions.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

State Councillors, Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honor, Ambassadors, Envoys Extraordinary, Senior Counselors of the Court of Accounts, Prefects, Government Representatives in the Overseas Territories, rectors of academies, directors of central departments are appointed by the Council of Ministers.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The Organic Law defines other posts to be appointed by the Council of Ministers, as well as the conditions under which the right of appointment held by the President of the Republic may be they have been delegated for implementation on its behalf.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 14


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President of the Republic accredits ambassadors and envoys extraordinary to foreign countries; foreign ambassadors and envoys extraordinary are accredited to him


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 15


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The President of the Republic is the head of the armed


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

He chairs supreme councils and committees of national defense.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 16


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

When the institutions of the Republic, the independence of the nation, the integrity of its territory are under serious and immediate threat, and the normal functioning of constitutional public bodies is terminated, the President of the Republic takes measures that are dictated by these circumstances after official consultation with the Prime Minister, the Presidents of the Chambers and the Constitutional Council.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

He informs the nation about this with a message.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

These measures should be dictated by the desire to provide constitutional public bodies with the opportunity to carry out their tasks as soon as possible.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Consultations are being held with the Constitutional Council in this regard.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Parliament meets by full right.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

The National Assembly may not be dissolved during the exercise of emergency powers.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

French President

Article 17


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

The President of the Republic exercises the right to pardon.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Article 18


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

The President of the Republic communicates with both chambers of Parliament through messages that are read out in the chambers and are not subject to any discussion.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

In the period between sessions, the Parliament meets specifically on this occasion.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Article 19


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

The acts of the President of the Republic, except those provided for in articles 8 (first paragraph), 11, 12, 16, 54, 56 and 61, are countersigned by the Prime Minister and, if necessary, by the responsible ministers


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Elections


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Since 2002, the President of France has been elected for a term of 5 years [1].


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Inauguration ceremony


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

The inauguration takes place according to a carefully calibrated ritual: the outgoing president meets his successor on the steps of the residence of the head of state.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Then they retire for half an hour to the president's office, where the new French leader is given the main dossiers, as well as codes from nuclear weapons.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

After that, the new president sees off his predecessor, who has become an ordinary citizen, who will leave the Elysee Palace.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

After that, the inauguration ceremony of the new President begins in the Celebration Hall.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

The Chairman of the Constitutional Council announces the results of the elections and officially announces the new President


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

The new President accepts the chain of the Grand Master of the Legion of Honor and delivers his first speech as head of state.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Then he reviews the Republican Guard and listens to Marseillaise.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

The cannons installed in the complex of the Invalides celebrate the inauguration with 21 solemn volleys.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

In an open car with an equestrian escort, the newly elected president drives along the Champs Elysees to the Arc de Triomphe, where he lights the eternal flame and lays a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Recently, the tradition of laying wreaths at the monuments to Georges Clemenceau and General De Gaulle has also become entrenched.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Sometimes there are minor deviations from the ritual.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

In particular, N. After the procedure described, Sarkozy went to the Bois de Boulogne, where he gave a brief speech in memory of 35 young members of the Resistance who were shot there by the Nazis in August 1944 on the eve of Paris uprising.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

See also


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

List of presidents of France


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

President of the Republic's Security Group


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Presidential election results


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

2002 French presidential election


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

2007 French presidential election


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

French presidential election, 2012


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

French presidential election, 2017


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Notes


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Literature


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

A primer from the Council on Foreign Relations


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

John Gaffney.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Political Leadership in France: From Charles de Gaulle to Nicolas Sarkozy (Palgrave Macmillan; 2012), ISBN978-0-230-36037-2.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Explores mythology and symbolism in French political culture through a study of the personas crafted by de Gaulle and his five successors.


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

References


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

(in French)


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France


Question: Who is the current President of France?

President of France

Category:French government


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The Alpini (Italian: Alpini, “Alpines”) or Alpine Riflemen is an elite mountain rifle formation of the Italian Army, the oldest mountain rifleman in the world.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The Alpini appeared in 1872 and their initial task was to protect the Italian border with France and Austria.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1888, the Alpini first fought abroad, in Africa, where they returned more than once during military conflicts.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

During World War I, they opposed the German Alpine Corps and the Austrian Kaisersäger, and their campaign became known as the “war in the snow and on ice”.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

During World War II, the Alpini fought on the side of the Axis countries against Soviet troops and in the Balkans.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the end of the Cold War and the reform of the Italian armed forces in the 1990s, three of the five Alpine brigades were disbanded.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Currently, the Alpine riflemen are divided into two operational brigades subordinate to the Command of the Alpine Forces of Italy.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The Alpini are active in Afghanistan.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

History


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1872, the captain published an article in the May edition of the magazine Rivista Militare on the need to protect the borders of the young Kingdom of Italy passing through the Alps.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

To achieve such goals, he proposed to create units from residents of the mountainous area of Italy, which would be better suited and motivated for this.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Perrucchetti relied on the work of Lieutenant General Agostino Ricci, who in 1868 organized exercises for Italian troops to determine the capabilities of the mountain infantry corps.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Five months after the publication of Perrucchetti's article, the first 15 companies of Alpine shooters were formed by Royal Decree No. 1056.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On October 15, 1872, the service began, making the Alpini the first mountain rifle unit in world military history.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Initially, the Alpini were used as a militia guarding the northern mountain borders of Italy.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Venice ceded to Italy, whose northern borders passed along the so-called Alpine Arch.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The country's defense was previously based on the strategy “”, but given the change in the geopolitical situation, this strategy was outdated, as it mainly provided for the protection of the Po Valley up to the south - west, but not the defense of the Alpine region, which was considered extremely inconvenient for the conduct of any military action.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The recruitment of residents of the mountainous regions of Italy and the creation of a special corps were new solutions to the problem, as the northerners knew the highlands well and adapted best to the harsh conditions.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The mountainous regions were divided into seven military districts, each of which housed at least two companies of 120 people each.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The district was led by an officer.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The soldiers were armed with Wetterley rifles of the 1870 model.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1873, nine more companies were formed, bringing the total to 24.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1875, the composition of the companies more than doubled from 120 people to 250 soldiers and 5 officers, and the companies were combined into 7 Alpine battalions according to the number of military districts.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Each battalion was named after the city where the headquarters was located.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

So they appeared:


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

1st Alpine Battalion “Cuneo” (Italian: Cuneo)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

2nd Alpine Battalion “Mondovi” (Italian: Mondovi)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

3rd Alpine Battalion Torino (Susa) (Italian: Torino (Susa))


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

4th Alpine Battalion “Torino” (Chivasso) (Italian: Torino (Chivasso))


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

5th Alpine Battalion “Como” (Italian: Como)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

6th Alpine Battalion “Treviso” (Italian: Treviso)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

7th Alpine Battalion “Udine” (Italian: Udine)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1877, five mountain alpine artillery batteries were formed, and a year later 36 mountain rifle companies were combined into 10 battalions.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

As of November 1, 1882, the Alpini had 72 infantry companies and 20 infantry battalions.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Later, 8 Alpine mountain artillery batteries were attached to six Alpine regiments and two mountain artillery brigades.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Each battalion received a name for the zone for which it was responsible in the event of a military conflict.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The numbers that indicated the battalions were abolished, while the companies received the designations from 1 to 72.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In order not to confuse battalions, soldiers and sergeants were given so-called “nappina” (Italian: nappina, tassel) - ovals of different colors that were later sewn on the capello alpino hat.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

White nappina symbolized the 1st battalion in each regiment, red - the 2nd, green - the 3rd.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Special battalions and 4 battalions in regiments were given blue nappins.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Soldiers of mountain artillery units were given green nappines with a black mark in the center, which depicted the battery number in gold numerals.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On June 7, 1883, the Green Flame patch (Italian: fiamme verdi) was unveiled, legally enshrining the Alpini as part of the Italian infantry.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

At the same time, the Capello Alpino hat with black crow feathers appeared, according to which the Alpine riflemen began to be called “black feathers” (Italian: Le Penne Nere).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Instead of black crow feathers, officers had brown eagles or white goose feathers.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Hats were originally made of black felt, but in 1909, after the adoption of the gray uniform, hats were sewn from gray felt.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Another distinctive feature of the Alpini uniform was the green cuffs on the dark blue jackets of the dress and field uniforms (worn until 1915) and green lines on light blue or gray trousers.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Green patches and ceremonial hats were not abandoned during the tests of the camouflage uniform of 1906, which was finally adopted in 1909.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The weapons and equipment of each battalion were stored in a large village in a certain area, which they were supposed to protect in the event of hostilities.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Soldiers were called up to the corresponding battalion only from a certain area.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1887, the battalions were again renamed after the villages they defended.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

For example, the Edolo Battalion (Italian: Edolo) was recruited from among the residents of the village of Edolo, where the battalion's arsenal, a springboard for exercises and an officers' house were located.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The call of the locals ensured strong ties between the locals and the Alpini battalions, as people from the same village were recruited into the same company, and all companies from the same valley were part of the same battalion.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1887, the Inspectorate of Mountain Troops (Italian: Ispettorato delle truppe alpine) was formed in Rome, which took command of all mountain troops.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After that, the reorganization of the Alpine Corps began: on August 1, 1887, it was formed in Conegliano Veneto, joined by two more battalions from the 6th Regiment.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In total, the number of battalions increased to 22.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On November 1 of the same year, the 1st Mountain Artillery Regiment was formed in Turin measuring 9 batteries, equipped with 75 mm howitzers.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The structure of the Alpine Corps was as follows:


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The 1st African Alpine Battalion (Italian: 1° Battaglione Alpini d'Africa) was formed in 1887.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Its four companies were staffed by volunteers from all other Alpine battalions.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The battalion was part of the Special African Corps (Italian: Corpo Speciale d'Africa) and served in Eritrea, where the Italians intended to take revenge for.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On April 27, 1888, the battalion returned to Naples: during its service in Africa, it lost 14 people dead (including the commander) from diseases.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In the same year, eight mules were included in each company, and the Alpini received new Wetterli-Vitali rifles of the 1887 model.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Following the military reform in Italy, 38 Alpine companies and 15 mountain batteries were assigned to various active military units of the Royal Italian Army.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1892, the Alpini became the first branch of the Italian army to adopt the Carcano M1891 rifle, and in 1897 it was replaced by the Mo modification.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The 1891 TS was for deminers and was used until 1945.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The 1st African Alpine Battalion fought in Eritrea during the first Italo-Ethiopian War and became the first Alpine regiment to fight in the war.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Four more batteries of the 1st Mountain Artillery Regiment went to Eritrea to strengthen four brigades subordinate to Orest Baratieri.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On March 1, 1896, the regiment was baptized by fire at the Battle of Adua, in which Ethiopian troops defeated the Italians.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Of the 530 Alpine riflemen, 400 were killed, led by the commander, Lieutenant Colonel Menini.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The first gold medal “For Military Valor” awarded to Alpine riflemen was awarded to Captain Pietro Cella and his subordinates from the 4th Company, who occupied Mount Amba Ragio and held it until March 2, allowing other Italian units to retreat.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The medal was awarded posthumously, as none of the defenders of Mount Amba Rajo survived [3].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the defeat, an expeditionary Alpine regiment was formed consisting of 5 battalions, which served in Eritrea from March 7 to June 1896, with almost no engagement in battle.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1900, during the Boxing Uprising, an international force was sent to China, which included an Italian mountain artillery battery.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

She served as a garrison in Tianjin until the end of 1901.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On November 13, 1902, the first ski companies (Italian: Compagnie Sciatori) appeared in the Alpini.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the earthquake in Calabria on September 8, 1905, parts of the Alpini were sent there to dismantle the debris and restore the destroyed buildings.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

They also participated in the liquidation of the consequences of the Messina earthquake of 1908.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1909, the expansion of the Alpini Corps began.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On July 15, 4 artillery groups (12 batteries) were formed in Vicenza.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1908, the Tolmezzo and Pallanza battalions (Intra since 1909) were formed as part of the 7th and 4th regiments.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On October 1, 1909, the Tolmezzo and Gemona battalions from the 7th Alpine Regiment, as well as the newly formed Cividale, were transferred to Udine.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The first commander of the 8th regiment was a colonel, one of the most famous commanders of the Alpini during the First World War.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In total, the Alpine riflemen included 8 regiments (25 battalions), 2 mountain artillery regiments (8 groups) and 75 reserve companies (22 battalions).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Reserve battalions were named after the valleys of the areas from which soldiers were recruited into battalions, and the name of such battalions contained the word “Valle” (Italian: Valle, “valley”).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1910, the Belluno Battalion of the same name was formed in Belluno, the last Alpine battalion of the pre-war years.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1911, the Alpini again went to Africa to fight against Turkey, which was declared war: in Libya in 1911-1914, the Saluzzo, Mondovi, Ivrea battalions served in Libya,” Verona”, “Tolmezzo”, “Feltre”, “Susa”, “Westone”, “Fenestrelle” and “Edolo”, artillery groups “Torino-Susa”, “Mondovi” and “Vicenza”.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On October 25, 1911, the Saluzzo battalion arrived in Libya, on November 3 - “Mondovi” and “Ivrea”, and on December 16 - “Verona”.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In connection with the fierce Turkish resistance, reinforcements arrived in Libya.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Despite the signing of the Lausanne Peace on October 18, 1912, Italians faced difficulties in the face of resistance from local residents and asked for help to suppress the protests.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In October 1912, the Tolmezzo, Feltre, Susa and Westone battalions arrived in Dzanzur, Libya, which formed the 8th Special Alpine Regiment (Italian: 8° Reggimento Alpini Speciale) under under the command of Colonel Antonio Cantore.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In August 1914, the last Feltre battalion left Libya and arrived in Italy, despite the unsuppressed Bedouin uprising.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

World War I


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the outbreak of World War I, the number of Alpini battalions increased from 26 to 88.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

They participated in every battle in the Alps during the war.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The Italian Alpine Riflemen included the following battalions:


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Battalions that existed before the war are highlighted in bold.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The first line battalions in each regiment are named after river valleys, the second line battalions - after the mountains (Monte, Monte).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The name indicated from which area soldiers were drafted into this battalion.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Most of the battalions are regular, although there were also special units (the Monte Marmolada battalion is a ski unit that fought on the Marmolada glacier).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

All battalions were divided into 233 companies numbering 100-150 people each.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The regiment never went entirely into battle: its individual companies and battalions performed personal tasks and guarded certain areas.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The fighting on the Italian front in the north of the country was called the “War in the Snow and Ice”, as more than 600 km of the front line passed through the highest peaks of the Alps.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The snow was sometimes 12 m thick, and in the winter of 1915/1916, there were frequent deaths of soldiers due to avalanches, and most of their remains have not been found to this day.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The Alpini fought against the Austrian Kaiserschutze, Standschutze and Landesschutze for each peak: tunnels were laid in the mountains and even temporary bases were built, for which explosions were carried out.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Artillery pieces were transported with the help of pack animals to a height of up to 3890 m, roads and communication cables were laid among the rocks.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The passages of those times, known as via ferrata, have survived to this day and are used by climbers.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In the Alps, archaeologists are still finding what remains of wartime communication cables.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

During the war, control over the heights played a key role, so mountain troops on both sides of the front used tactics in case the height was captured by the enemy: soldiers dug a tunnel under top, brought a huge amount of explosives and detonated it, thereby destroying the garrison.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Thus, during the war, explosions were carried out in the mountains of Col di Lana, Monte Pasubio, Lagazui and many others [4].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The most important were the soldier's ability to climb peaks and ski, as a result of which special ski battalions and mountaineering units were formed.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Of the 40,000 alpini that participated in the war, about 12,000 died.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Many of the songs of the Alpine shooters, performed at various ceremonies, are dedicated specifically to the events of the First World War.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

World War II


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

All battalions formed during the First World War were disbanded after its end.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

At the same time, the expansion of the alpina continued: in 1919 it was formed.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1935, the Italian government formed five divisions and more.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

To monitor those battalions of the 5th Alpine Division, “Pustelia” that did not participate in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, was created.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the return of the 5th regiment in its entirety, the 12th regiment was disbanded.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1941, the 6th Alpine Division was formed, which included reserves from the other five Alpine divisions.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In total, the Italian armed forces had six Alpine divisions:


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Taurinense 1st Division


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Tridentina Division 2


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

3rd Division Yulia


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Cuneense 4th Division


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Pusteria Division 5


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Alpi Grayer 6th Division


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Each division consisted of two Alpine regiments (each with three battalions), one Alpine artillery regiment (three artillery groups), one mixed engineering battalion, one transport battalion and support units.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The number of the division was 17,460 people: 16,887 soldiers and 573 officers.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

One division had about 5,000 draft and pack animals and 500 units of transport and special equipment at its disposal.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

During the war, divisions participated in battles in France, North and East Africa, the Balkan Peninsula and in the USSR (divisions “Tridentina”, “Julia” and “Cuneense”).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On the Eastern Front, the divisions participated in battles on the coast of the Don, and not in the mountains of the Caucasus, which the Wehrmacht could not take control.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

This decision to send Italian mountain troops to fight like ordinary infantry units was a mistake, as the Alpine riflemen were not trained to fight against tank and mechanized Soviet units.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In January 1943, during the Battle of Stalingrad, Italian troops were surrounded, and in the battle near Nikolaevka, very few units were lucky enough to escape from the encirclement ring: they were completely the 4 Division “Cuneense” was destroyed, up to 90% of the personnel of the 3 Division “Julia” were killed or captured (left the encirclement of 1200 people out of 15,000) and up to 70% of the personnel of the 2 Division “Tridentina” (left the encirclement environment 4,250 people out of 15,000).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the official surrender of Italy, the Royal Italian Army ceased to exist: most of the divisions surrendered to the Germans without a fight.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Only the 1st Alpine Division “Taurinense”, the 19th Infantry Division “Venice” and the 155 Infantry Division “Emilia” engaged in battle against the Germans in Montenegro, but were quickly defeated and forced to retreat to the mountains of Durmitor.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

16,000 Alpine riflemen and infantrymen, who refused to surrender, defected to the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia and formed the Garibaldi guerrilla division, in which they fought until March 1945, when we returned to Italy.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On June 25, 1944, the 3rd Alpine Regiment was recreated in Southern Italy on the basis of the Piedmont and Monte Granero battalions.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Together with the 4th Bersalier Regiment, he created the 1st Italian Brigade, which fought on the side of the Western Allies.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the Bersalier regiment suffered huge losses, on September 30, 1944, after the merger of the two regiments, a Separate Infantry Regiment was formed, which it entered, equipped with British weapons.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

She fought with the Polish 2 Corps on the left flank of the British 8th Army near the Idice River.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In the north, where the Italian Social Republic existed, loyal to the Axis countries and Benito Mussolini, the 4th Alpine Division Monte Rosa was formed, which was trained by the Germans [5] [6].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The division participated in battles on the Gotha Line against the Brazilian Expeditionary Force, the 92nd American Infantry Division and the 8th Indian Infantry Division.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the successful offensive of the Allies during the North Italian operation and their victory in the 4th Alpine Division, it surrendered [7].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Cold War


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Alpine riflemen continued to defend the northern borders of Italy in the postwar years as part of brigades.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(founded on 15 October 1949 in Udine)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(founded on May 1, 1951 in Bressanone)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(founded on 15 April 1952 in Turin)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(founded on January 1, 1953 in Meearlier)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(founded on July 1, 1953 in Belluno)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Soldiers from certain mountainous areas of Italy were drafted into each brigade, which created strong ties between the brigades and the local population.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1972, all brigades were merged under a single one.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1976, after reforms, the 4th Alpine Army Corps (formerly the Alpine Command) became responsible for protecting the main mountain chain from the meeting point of the borders of Italy, Switzerland and Austria to the Italian-Yugoslav border.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In the event of a war against Yugoslavia or the ATS countries, the Alpini had plans of action ready.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In the event of a war against Yugoslavia, the 4 Alpine Army Corps would remain in position and would protect the left flank of the 5 Corps, which would take the enemy's attack on the plain Friuli-Venezia Giulia.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Then only the Julia brigade would have entered the battle.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In the event of a war against the ATS countries, the actions of the 4th Alpine Army Corps would depend on where the enemy would invade from.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

So, if the Southern Group of Forces of the USSR and the Hungarian People's Army passed through Yugoslavia and from there went to Italy, “Julia” would provide cover in the mountains of the left flank of the 5 Army Corps, which, with the forces of four tank and five mechanized brigades, would engage the enemy and restrain its advance to the north of the Padan Valley.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Other Alpine brigades would not have engaged in battle then.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

If Soviet and Hungarian troops invaded Austria, violating its neutrality, and passed Southern Styria and Carinthia (the Drava Valley), the Alpini brigades would be among the first to take the battle.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The Julia Brigade would defend the Canal Valley, the Cadore Brigade would defend the Piave Valley, the Tridentina Brigade would defend the Pusteria Valley, the Orobica Brigade would perform special tasks, and the Taurinense brigade would remain in reserve.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Modern structure


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Military units


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the end of the Cold War, all brigades were disbanded, except for the Yulia and Taurinense brigades.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Bolzano)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Bolzano)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Command and Tactical Support Battalion of the Tridentina Division (Bolzano)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Torino)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Torino)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(San Rocco di Cuneo): Saluzzo Battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

3rd Alpine Regiment (Pinerolo, Ulx): Susa Battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(L'Aquila): “L'Aquila” Battalion and “Vicenza” Battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

1st Mountain Artillery Regiment (Fossano): Aosta Artillery Group


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Turin): 30th Battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Taurinense Transport Regiment (Rivoli): one transport battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Udine)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Udine)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Vipiteno): Morbegno Battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Belluno): Feltre Battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Venzone): “Tolmezzo” battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Remanzacco): Conegliano Artillery Group


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Trento): Iseo Battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Merano): One transport battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Pisa)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

4th Alpine Parachute Regiment (Montorio): Battalion “Monte Cervino”


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Anzio)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Bolzano): Val Gardena Battalion and Pordoi Battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Aosta Battalion (Aosta)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

, the battalion “Bassano” and training grounds in the highlands (Brunico, South Tyrol)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Geographical location


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Modern weapons and military equipment


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Infantry weapons


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The standard small arms of the Italian Alpine shooter are the Beretta ARX-160 assault rifle with the Aimpoint M3 Reddot collimator sight, which should become the standard weapon of Italian soldiers used in cold and harsh environmental conditions.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

is a Beretta 92 FS pistol.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The shooter is also armed with OD/82SE hand grenades.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Both standard class III AP/98 bulletproof vests and the new NC4/09 are used as protective uniforms.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Auxiliary equipment is a 3rd generation night vision device.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

- FN Minimi or Rheinmetall MG3 machine gun.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Heavy weapons and artillery


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Fire support is provided by M2 Browning machine guns, 60 mm light portable mortars M6C-210 Commando and 120 mm MO-120-RT61 heavy mortars.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Anti-tank weapons are Panzerfaust 3 grenade launchers and ATGM types “Milan”, TOW II and “Spike” (the latter is the most promising model and is designed to replace all other models).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The standard howitzers since 1999 are the FH-70, which have more firepower than, but less versatility.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The FH-70 is not mountain artillery, but is designated as “field artillery of mountain regiments”.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Military equipment


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The mobility of troops is provided by all-wheel drive multipurpose armored vehicles Iveco VTLM Lince, the Puma armored personnel carrier and Bv 206 all-terrain vehicles (Bv 206S).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Uniforms and symbols


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The uniform of the Alpine shooters was the same colors as the uniforms of the army of the Kingdom of Sardinia and Piedmont: a blue jacket and white pants.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

This did not provide camouflage to the troops, and in 1904-1906 this issue was discussed at the request of the head of the Milan branch of the Alpine Club of Italy Luigi Brioschi.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In April 1906, soldiers of the Morbegno battalion (Italian: Morbegno) from Bergamo were selected for a practical experiment to test the effectiveness of camouflage uniforms.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

As a result of the experiment, a gray-green uniform was adopted as the main one, and the so-called “gray platoon” (Italian: plotone grigio) appeared numbering 40 people from the 45th company Morbeño battalion, which first appeared in public in Tirano [8].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Capello


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

, also known as “bantam” (Italian: bantam), is the hat of Italy's Alpine shooters and the most recognizable element of their uniforms.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

It consists of many elements that show the military rank, regiment and specialty of a serviceman.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The most recent version of the hat was introduced in 1910.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On March 25, 1873, instead of an infantry cap, a black conical felt hat (“Calabrian”) with a wide brim was adopted.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In front there was a metal cockade in the form of a white five-pointed star with a company number.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On the left side, half-covered with a leather ribbon, there was a tricolor rosette, in the center of which was a white bud with a cross.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The red V-shaped chevron was located in the same place as the cockade, but was later replaced by a black crow feather.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Officers had an eagle feather on their hat instead of a crow's feather [9].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On January 1, 1875, the rank of battalion commander was confirmed, and the Calabrian Alpini hats were no longer worn.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

They wore hats in the areas where they served without a single standard headdress for Alpine riflemen [9].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1880, the five-star cockade was replaced by another metal cockade, a flying eagle with open wings, preparing to grab prey and holding a cornet with the regiment number in its paws.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The cornet was located in the foreground in front of two crossed rifles with bayonets and two horns.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

A laurel wreath and oak leaves surrounded this image [9].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

During the first months of World War I, Italian soldiers began to use Hadrian's helmets as their main hats, but the Alpini and Bersaliers could not place a pen and cockade on them, so the Alpini abandoned the helmet for good [9].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Feather


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The approximately 25-30 cm long feather is worn on the left side of the hat, slightly tilted back.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Black crow feather hats are worn by soldiers, brown eagle feather hats are worn by sub-officers and junior officers, and white goose feather hats are worn by senior officers and generals [10].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Nappina


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Nappina (Italian: nappina - “tassel”) is an oval decoration on the hat, located on the left side at the point where the feather is attached.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

For cadets and privates, nappine is made of colored wool on a wooden base [11].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

For officers, nappina is decorated with gold, and in Piedmont and Valle d'Aosta, it is additionally decorated with a Savoy cross in the center.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

For generals, nappine is decorated with silver [11].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The color of nappina was used to distinguish battalions between different regiments: the 1st Battalion was indicated by white nappina, the 2nd by red, and the 3rd by green.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

If there were 4 battalions per regiment or special battalions, they were given blue nappina.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The first three colors symbolized the colors of the Italian flag, and blue also symbolized the color of the dynastic house of Savoy, which ruled Italy.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In addition, nappines with different colors, numbers and abbreviations were later added to indicate certain parts.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Infantry [11]


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Green: 2nd Regiment (Saluzzo Battalion), 6th Regiment (Bassano Battalion), 7th Regiment (Belluno Battalion), 5th Regiment (Edolo Battalion), 8th Regiment (Cividale Battalion)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

White: 4th Regiment (Ivrea Battalion), 5th Regiment (Morbegno Battalion), 6th Regiment (Bolzano Battalion), 7th Regiment (Feltre Battalion), 8th Regiment (Gemon Battalion), 11th Regiment (D'Arresto Val Tagliamento Battalion)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Red color: 6th Regiment (Trento Battalion), 7th Regiment (Pieve di Cadore Battalion), 8th Regiment (Tolmezzo Battalion), Aosta Training Battalion, Taurinense Alpine Brigade Band


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Blue: 3rd Regiment (Susa Battalion), 9th Regiment (D'Aquila Battalion), Alpino Training Center (except Aosta Battalion), other units


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Blue color, black oval, white R: auxiliary shelves


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Blue color, black oval, white B: command and liaison office of the Taurinense and Julia Alpine brigades


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Blue color, black oval, white CA: Alpine Paratrooper Command and Liaison Unit of the 4th Alpine Army Corps


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Blue color, black oval, white letters c/c: anti-tank company of the Alpine brigade


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Mountain artillery [11]


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Green color, black oval, yellow number: mountain battery (number indicates battery number)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Green color, black oval, yellow letters CG: commanders of mountain artillery groups (command and auxiliary services)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Green color, black oval: other parts


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Unit engineers, communications troops, auxiliary units [11]


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Amaranth color: engineers of the 2nd and 32nd engineering regiments, signalmen of the 2nd communications regiment


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Purple: Alpine Brigade Transport Battalion


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Emblems


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The logo appears on the front of the hat.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The appearance of the emblem corresponds to a certain specialty of a serviceman [12].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Generals: an eagle with a laurel wreath and a shield with the inscription RI in the center


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Alpini: eagle, cornet, crossed rifles


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Mountain artillery: eagle, cornet, crossed cannons


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Minesweepers: eagle, cornet, crossed axes


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Engineers: eagle, cornet, sword, lit grenade and crossed axes


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Signal Troops: Eagle, Cornet, Aerial, Arrows and Cross-Axes


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Transportation: eagle and winged wheel


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Sanitary units (officers): eagle, five-pointed star with a red cross, crossed wands of Aesculapius


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Sanitary units (soldiers): eagle, five-pointed star with red cross


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Administrative units and police: eagle, fortress crown, purple circle and laurel wreath


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Engineering Corps: eagle, fortress crown, toothed gear and laurel wreath


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The material from which the emblem is made also shows the rank of the soldier [12]


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Metal — serving under contract (professional)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Plastic — going on military service (conscript)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Soldiers serving under 1 year or under 4 years of age


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Contracted military personnel (sub-officers and officers)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Mountain artillery


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Corps of Engineers


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Communications troops


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Transport parts


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Administrative parts


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Medical units (officers)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Medical units (sub-officers and rank and file)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Veterinarians


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Military ranks and insignia


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Military ranks


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The military ranks and insignia of the Italian Alpine riflemen coincide with those in the Italian armed forces, but they have additional insignia on the capello alpino hats.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Privates and sergeants do not have insignia, they are worn only by officers and generals: before the rank of colonel, these are chevrons, starting with the rank of colonel — silver buttonholes with stars.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Generals


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Corps General


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Three gold stars on a silver buttonhole


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Divisional General with Special Powers


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Three gold stars (one with a red border) on a silver buttonhole


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Divisional General at Large


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

One dark and two gold stars on a silver buttonhole


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Divisional general


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Two gold stars on a silver buttonhole


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Brigadier General with Special Powers


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Two gold stars (one with a red border)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

on a silver buttonhole


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Brigadier General at Large


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

One dark and one gold star


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

on a silver buttonhole


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Brigadier General


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

One gold star on a silver buttonSenior Officers


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Special Powered Colonel


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

One gold star with a red border on a silver buttonhole


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Colonel at Large


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

One dark star on a silver buttonhole


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Colonel Commander


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Five gold chevrons with a red border


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Colonel


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Five gold chevrons with three blue lines


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Special Powered Lieutenant Colonel


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Five gold chevrons with two blue and one red line


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Lieutenant Colonel for Special Assignments


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Four gold and one dark chevrons


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

lieutenant colonel


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Four gold chevrons with two blue lines


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Major at Large


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Four gold chevrons with blue and red lines


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Major


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Three golden chevrons with a blue lineJunior officers


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Captain


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Three gold chevrons with two blue lines


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Senior lieutenant


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Two gold and one dark blue line chevrons


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Lieutenant


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Two gold chevrons with blue line


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Junior lieutenant


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

One gold Chevronpod officers and privates


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Lieutenant Prime Minister


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Gold chevron with a gold star with a red border,


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

a black line on the chevron and a red border around it


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Premier


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Gold chevron with black line


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

and a red border around it


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Gold chevron with black line


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Private, Corporal


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

No decals


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Insignia


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Alpine riflemen themselves are infantry as such, but often “mountain” or “alpine” are also called artillery, engineering, medical and other parts of the alpini.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Their uniform differs from the standard uniform of the Alpine shooters only by other insignia indicating their specialty.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

National Alpini Association


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(Italian: Associazione Nazionale Alpini, ANA) is an officially registered society of veterans of the Alpine troops who call themselves “” (translated from Venetan - “elders, old people”).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

They are jokingly called the 10th Alpine Regiment.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Since 1920, veterans' meetings have been held annually, and hundreds of thousands of soldiers meet with their colleagues, relatives and friends at the end of spring.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

At the same time, veterans who have already resigned from the Alpine riflemen are formally listed in reserve and are ready to arrive at the location of the units as soon as necessary.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

ANA has offices in most Italian cities [13].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Cultural aspects


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

mules


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

For 130 years, the Alpini used mules as pack animals carrying heavy weapons.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The roots of this date back to 1831, when the army of the Kingdom of Sardinia received the first battery of mountain guns, which were transported with the help of 36 mules [14].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The mules were supposed to make it easier for a soldier who carried a lot of heavy equipment on his shoulders.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Over time, the importance of using mules has increased [14].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

During World War I, mules played a key role in supplying soldiers with supplies in the highlands.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The image of a soldier and a mule became one and inseparable in the eyes of witnesses of hostilities and ordinary citizens who found the war.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Mules endured the same difficulties of military campaigns (cold, famine, shelling and injury) in both world wars as ordinary soldiers.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The role of mules became especially important in 1943, when the Italians retreated from the USSR (Italian expeditionary forces had about 4,800 mules at their disposal).


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Giulio Bedeschi wrote the following about this in his book “One Hundred Thousand Boxes of Ice” [14]:


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

During the retreat, we had hundreds of mule-drawn sledges that suffered with us and had nothing to eat but rare bushes that made their way from under the snow.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The poor animals were covered in ice, as I remember, and the presence of these animals somehow calmed everyone down.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In fact, as we walked day and night, we tried to always be near mules, so a group of ten or fifteen soldiers walked around each animal.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

[...] One driver was bitten by a rat in the leg, and I, as a medical officer, tried to help him when at one point his own mule approached him and put his nose between the ground and the wound, trying to support it, warm it up and calm it down.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

A scene I'll never forget.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

After the war with the introduction of automotive technology, the number of mules in the service of the Alpini decreased, and soon there were several hundred of them left [14].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On September 7, 1993, in the D'Angelo di Belluno barracks, the last 24 mules of the Alpine riflemen were sold at auction [15].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Today, Trento hosts an exhibition symbolically called the Mule Museum (Italian: museo del mulo), which stores horseshoes and equipment for alpine mules.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Marsh


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The official march of the Alpine riflemen and the Alpine Corps is a song called “L'Inno degli Alpini” or “Trentatrè - valore Alpino”.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The song is an adaptation of the old French mountain song “Les Fiers Alpins”, written by D'Estelle and Travel [16].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

It is not known for certain why the title of the song contains the number “33": according to one version, this song was 33rd in the first repertoire of Alpine shooters, according to another version, the title was taken according to the motto The 33rd Artillery Regiment from Alpine units; according to the third, it was ideal for the metric used to write songs and create music.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The song is performed by the Alpine Riflemen Orchestra at parades and concerts, and only the national anthem of Italy is more important in status at any official ceremonies [17].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Text


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Dai fidi tetti del villaggio i bravi alpini son partiti,


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

mostran la forza ed il coraggio della lor salda gioventù.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Son dell'alpe i bei cadetti, nella robusta giovinezza


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

dai loro baldi e forti petti spira un'indomita fierezza.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Chorus (twice)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Oh valore alpin!


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Difendi sempre la frontiera!


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

E là sul confin tien sempre alta la bandiera.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Sentinella all'erta per il suol nostro italiano


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

dove amor sorride e più benigno irradia il sol.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Là tra le selve ed i burroni, là tra le nebbie fredde e il gelo,


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

piantan con forza i lor picconi le vie rendon più brevi.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

E quando il sole brucia e scalda le cime e le profondità,


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

il fiero Alpino scruta e guarda, pronto a dare il “Chi va là?”


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Chorus (twice) [18]


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In addition to this song, Alpine shooters have many, including lyrical ones like “”.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The motto


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Alpini's motto is “No one will pass here!” (Italian: Di qui non si passa) [19].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

It was invented by General Luigi Pello, the first inspector general of the Alpine troops, who in October 1888, at an official banquet on the occasion of the visit of the German emperor, stated [20]:


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

They symbolize that on the very border, at the gates of Italy, there is a bastion on which it says “No one will pass here.”


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Alpine riflemen have their own prayer.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Its author is a colonel, commander.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

He wrote the text of a prayer in Malga Pader (Venosta Valley), expressing pride in the unity of his wards.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In the first version, there were references to the Italian king, which were later excluded.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On October 21, 1949, Chief Vicar Monsignor approved the text of the prayer, adding appeals to the Alpine Madonna.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

From now on, this prayer was said in place of the Soldier's Prayer (Italian: Preghiera del Soldato) at the end of each mass [21].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In 1972, the military chaplain at the Spiritual Aid Service of the 4th Alpine Army Corps, Monsignor Pietro Parisio, with the permission of his superior monsignor, appealed to the archbishop with proposals to make some changes to the text of the prayer for future generations of Alpine shooters.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

21] The amendments were approved and approved on December 15, 1985. [


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In the mid-1990s, the chairman of the National Alpini Association asked the National Board of Directors to discuss the possibility of reading a 1949 prayer to members of the National association and the 1985 model in front of all military personnel.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

On September 6, 2007, Archbishop of the Army, Monsignor Vincenzo Pelvini, amended the text of the prayer to add words about “our thousand-year-old Christian civilization” (Italian: nostra millenaria civiltà cristiana) [21].


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In popular culture


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Literature


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Giulio Bedeschi, a medical officer of the Conegliano Group of the 3rd Alpine Division “Julia”, is the author of the book “One Hundred Thousand Boxes of Ice” (Italian: Centomila gavette di ghiaccio) about actions Italian troops during the Battle of Stalingrad and further retreat from Russia.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Two fighters of the 2nd Alpine Division, Mario Rigoni Stern, are the authors of books about the war based on their own memoirs.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Rigoni Stern wrote the book “Sergeant in the Snow”, Revelli wrote the novel “Never Late”.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Movies


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

The television series “” is dedicated to the participation of the Aosta Battalion in the First World War.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

In the feature film Ivan Nikulin — Russian Sailor (1944), the role of an Italian Alpini soldier is played by the clown Mikhail Rumyantsev.


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Mining divisions of other countries of the world


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Alpine corps


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Mountaineering division


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Podhale arrows


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Russian mountain troops


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Soviet mountain troops


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

French Alpine riflemen


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Notes


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Literature


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

References


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

(in English)


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Category:Alpini


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Category:Italian Armed Forces


Question: Where did the Alpini fight abroad for the first time?

Alpini

Category:Military units and formations established in 1872


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Melek Ahmed Pasha (died September 1, 1662) - Ottoman statesman of Abkhazian origin.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Murad IV's trustee.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Beylerbey Van, Diyarbakir, Damascus, Aleppo.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from November 1650 to August 1651, he returned the seal during unrest over fraud to pay the salaries of the Janissaries.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Melek Ahmed Pasha refused to be reappointed Grand Vizier in the fall of 1653, but was the “master of the seal of the Sultan” three more times, acting as Grand Vizier instead of others.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

He punished the rebellious khans Abdal Khan and Yusuf Khan and defeated the Yazidis in 1640.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

He suppressed the Kurdish uprising in 1655 by capturing the Bitlis fortress.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Son-in-law of Sultans Murad IV and Ahmed I.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

He is known for patronizing his nephew Evlia Celebi.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Biography


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Origins


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The year of birth of Ahmed Pasha is not listed anywhere.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

According to him, in 1644 he was between 50 and 60 years old (mid fifties), in 1662 - from 70 to 80 (mid seventies) [1], that is, he was born after 1582, but before 1594.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Ahmed Pasha was Abkhaz by birth [2].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

He was born in the village of Fyndykli (Galata, Istanbul) [3], to a Muslim family of immigrants from the Caucasus.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Ahmed's father was a guard commander for Ozdemiroglu Osman Pasha [4].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Children from such families were allowed to study in Enderun and pursue a career only at the end of the 16th century.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Prior to that, for many years, only Christian children recruited by Devshirma, Albanians and Bosniaks had such an opportunity.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Abkhazians who lived in the Tophane district of Istanbul had a practice in which children were sent to the Caucasus at the age of one or two.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

As a teenager, they were returned to Istanbul and given or sold to high-ranking officials [5].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Thus, these children had the opportunity to enter Enderun.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Ahmed Pasha, at the age of three, was sent home to his father's homeland for primary education and returned to Istanbul at the age of about 15 [3] [4].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

It was presented together with his cousin Ahmed I, who gave him a lacab (nickname) “Melek” (Turkish: Melek is an angel) [3].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

He received his second nickname because he was fat, “Matak” (Turkish: Matak - buffalo); the third, less commonly used nickname was “Tyrnakchi” (Turkish: Tırnakçı) [3].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Ahmed's sister was married by the Sultan to a court jeweler, her son Evlia Celebi [3].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Relatives of Melek Ahmed Pasha and Evlia were Grand Vizier Ipshir Mustafa Pasha and Bashdefterdar (State Treasurer) Defterdarzade Mehmed Pasha.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Since 1650, Evlia Celebi was constantly in the service of Melek Ahmed Pasha for twelve years, lived with the family of Melek Pasha and accompanied him to his destinations [6].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The exception was the short period when he served Koprul Mehmed Pasha.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

According to Evlia, the reason for the transition was a conflict with other subordinates of Melek Ahmed Pasha, who envied Evlia's exceptional position and the attitude of the patron towards him [6].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Evlia Celebi made almost all trips accompanying his patrons, or on their instructions.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

He served them as a secretary, imam, muezzin, secret courier, storyteller and companion and described his travels [7].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Career start.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Victory over the Yazidis on Mount Sinjar.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

First contacts with Abdul-Khan


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

After graduating from Enderun, Ahmed received the position of servant of the Sultan [2] [3].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Melek Ahmed Pasha served in the Sultan's dressing room in 1617 and 1622 during the enthronement of Mustafa I, and also participated in the Khotyn campaign of Sultan Osman II in 1621 [8] [9].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In 1623, he accompanied Murad IV to Edirne and Bursa, at which time his position was “holder of the Sultan's stirrup” [8].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

At the same time, when Sultan Murad needed a reader of the Koran, Melek Pasha introduced him to Evlia Celebi [8].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In 1635-1636, Melek Ahmed Pasha was in the Sultan's retinue during the Yerevan campaign.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Evlia Celebi mentions a story that happened at the beginning of this expedition, when Murad was in Van.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

A fire broke out in the Sultan's room and Melek Ahmed Pasha saved the gentleman by personally coping with the fire [10].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The fire broke out due to a spark that fell on the clothes while they were fumigated with incense [9].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The Sultan was angry with the chief squire on duty that day because it was his fault that broke out the fire; the squire was fired and Melek Ahmed was put in his place.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The Sultan personally appointed it, presenting him with a precious dish and a fur-trimmed robe [11].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The Sultan fell ill and, returning to, drove through Bitlis, where he stayed in the palace of Bitlis Khan.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Abdal Khan's ancestors owned Bitlis even before the Ottoman conquest for several centuries.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

After the conquest of Bitlis under Suleiman, the family temporarily moved to Persia, but returned to Bitlis under Murad III, and Abdal Khan's grandfather, Sharaf Khan Bidlisi, received Bitlis in hereditary possession.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In addition to Evlia Celebi, the meeting was described by Sheikh al-Islam.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The Sultan presented Abdal Khan with 100 wallets with gold, seventeen sons of Abdal Khan were given zeamets, in addition, Abdal Khan was given the income of Mush [12].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Melek Ahmed served as chief squire for three years and participated in the Baghdad expedition of 1638—1639 [3].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

When Murad returned from Baghdad while in Diyarbakir, he summoned Abdal Khan and Yusuf Khan, the leader of the Muzuri tribe.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

They disobeyed the order, making the Sultan angry.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

When he left for Istanbul, Murad appointed Ahmed governor of Diyarbakir and ordered him to punish the rebellious khans.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Diyarbakir was a strategically important city for border control, and the turbulent situation in its vicinity hindered trade.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Ahmed Pasha also received the position of vizier, which made his powers more significant [2] [3] [4].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In addition to the rebellious khans, trouble was caused by the Yazidis, who controlled trade routes through Sinjar, refused to pay taxes and attacked Ottoman caravans.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Nasuh Pasha was sent to suppress their rebellion.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Ahmed Pasha captured Yusuf Khan and killed 700 of his men.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Yusuf Khan was forgiven, and the heads of the killed Melek Ahmed Pasha sent to Murad [13].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Having finished one rebel, Ahmed Pasha at the head of the army left Diyarbakir in the direction of Bitlis, but when he met the mediators of Abdal Khan, he reached an agreement with them, accepting the proposals of the Bitlis Khan and 70 wallets with gold.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Having dealt with both khans, Melek Ahmed turned around and headed towards Sinjar [14], where Nasuh Pasha could not cope with the rebellious Yazidis.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Before the arrival of Melek Ahmed Pasha, the Yazidis managed to defeat the troops of Nasuh Pasha and kill about 7,000 Ottoman soldiers [15].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Ahmed Pasha and an army of soldiers besieged Mount Sinjar and offered the Yazidis to pay taxes, but they refused, went to the mountains and organized resistance.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

700 Ottoman soldiers were killed, but much more Yazidis were killed — 3,060 people.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In one night, 800 Yazidis died, 75 taken alive were decapitated.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Houses were burned down, as well as fields and vineyards, people took refuge in underground caves.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

During the storming of caves, the Yazidis killed their wives and children, stabbed themselves.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The bloody battle lasted ten days, Ottoman troops obtained 9,000 heads and prisoners [16].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Murad IV died in early 1640.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

After Murad's death, another son of Kösem Sultan, Ibrahim I.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

At this time, Ahmed Pasha was the governor (mutazarrifi) of Aleppo [3], from March to April 1641 he was Beylerbey of Baghdad [2], and in 1641/1642 he was appointed Beylerbey Sham [2] [3].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In 1643/1644, Ahmed Pasha was returned to Istanbul, where he married Ismihan Kae-Sultan, daughter of Murad IV [2].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The marriage was initiated by Valide Kösem Sultan [3], who actively attracted high-ranking officials and military leaders to her side through marriages with her daughters and granddaughters.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Kai's mother had her own plans and wanted her daughter to marry another groom, but Kösem Sultan insisted on her own [17].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In 1644, Ahmed Pasha was Beylerbey [3].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Bitlis ruler Abdal Khan captured sheep from summer pastures in the Bingol area.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

He believed that the owners of the flocks did not pay him tax.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The owners of the captured sheep came to Governor Melek Ahmed and he sent a letter to Abdul-Khan demanding the return of the flocks.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Abdal Khan tore the letter and ordered the murder of the messenger with the words: “I am not in his province or under his jurisdiction. I'm a noble khan.”


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The envoy was saved by Abdal Khan's adviser [14].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In 1645, Ahmed Pasha was the governor of Diyarbakir for the second time, dismissed in the same year, but in 1646 he was sent to Diyarbakir again (for the third time) [2] [18].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In August 1648, Sultan Ibrahim was overthrown and soon killed, and Mehmed IV, who was 6 years old, became Sultan.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

His grandmother, Kösem Sultan, who was located to Melek Ahmed Pasha, ruled for him.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

From late 1648 to November 1649, Melek Ahmed was Baghdad's beylerbey for the second time [18].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

Istanbul and Rumelia


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In November 1650, Ahmed Pasha was again waiting for his appointment to Baghdad, but instead was appointed Grand Vizier [2] [18].


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

In the summer of 1651, when it was time to pay salaries to the Janissaries, the Basdefterdar (state treasurer) and the heads of the Janissary corps agreed on fraud.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

The idea was to collect all the fake and incomplete money that would come out.


Question: In which city did Melek Ahmed Pasha die?

Melek Ahmed Pasha

After that, merchants in Istanbul were forced to exchange this inferior money for real full-fledged gold coins at a loss of 30 percent at the official rate.